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Du B, Cao Y, Zhou J, Chen Y, Ye Z, Huang Y, Zhao X, Zou X, Zhang L. Sugar import mediated by sugar transporters and cell wall invertases for seed development in Camellia oleifera. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae133. [PMID: 38974190 PMCID: PMC11226869 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Seed development and yield depend on the transport and supply of sugar. However, an insufficient supply of nutrients from maternal tissues to embryos results in seed abortion and yield reduction in Camellia oleifera. In this study, we systematically examined the route and regulatory mechanisms of sugar import into developing C. oleifera seeds using a combination of histological observations, transcriptome profiling, and functional analysis. Labelling with the tracer carboxyfluorescein revealed a symplasmic route in the integument and an apoplasmic route for postphloem transport at the maternal-filial interface. Enzymatic activity and histological observation showed that at early stages [180-220 days after pollination (DAP)] of embryo differentiation, the high hexose/sucrose ratio was primarily mediated by acid invertases, and the micropylar endosperm/suspensor provides a channel for sugar import. Through Camellia genomic profiling, we identified three plasma membrane-localized proteins including CoSWEET1b, CoSWEET15, and CoSUT2 and one tonoplast-localized protein CoSWEET2a in seeds and verified their ability to transport various sugars via transformation in yeast mutants and calli. In situ hybridization and profiling of glycometabolism-related enzymes further demonstrated that CoSWEET15 functions as a micropylar endosperm-specific gene, together with the cell wall acid invertase CoCWIN9, to support early embryo development, while CoSWEET1b, CoSWEET2a, and CoSUT2 function at transfer cells and chalazal nucellus coupled with CoCWIN9 and CoCWIN11 responsible for sugar entry in bulk into the filial tissue. Collectively, our findings provide the first comprehensive evidence of the molecular regulation of sugar import into and within C. oleifera seeds and provide a new target for manipulating seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshuai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhihua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu H, Yao X, Fan J, Lv L, Zhao Y, Nie J, Guo Y, Zhang L, Huang H, Shi Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Sui X. Cell wall invertase 3 plays critical roles in providing sugars during pollination and fertilization in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1293-1311. [PMID: 38428987 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In plants, pollen-pistil interactions during pollination and fertilization mediate pollen hydration and germination, pollen tube growth, and seed set and development. Cell wall invertases (CWINs) help provide the carbohydrates for pollen development; however, their roles in pollination and fertilization have not been well established. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus), CsCWIN3 showed the highest expression in flowers, and we further examined CsCWIN3 for functions during pollination to seed set. Both CsCWIN3 transcript and CsCWIN3 protein exhibited similar expression patterns in the sepals, petals, stamen filaments, anther tapetum, and pollen of male flowers, as well as in the stigma, style, transmitting tract, and ovule funiculus of female flowers. Notably, repression of CsCWIN3 in cucumber did not affect the formation of parthenocarpic fruit but resulted in an arrested growth of stigma integuments in female flowers and a partially delayed dehiscence of anthers with decreased pollen viability in male flowers. Consequently, the pollen tube grew poorly in the gynoecia after pollination. In addition, CsCWIN3-RNA interference plants also showed affected seed development. Considering that sugar transporters could function in cucumber fecundity, we highlight the role of CsCWIN3 and a potential close collaboration between CWIN and sugar transporters in these processes. Overall, we used molecular and physiological analyses to determine the CsCWIN3-mediated metabolism during pollen formation, pollen tube growth, and plant fecundity. CsCWIN3 has essential roles from pollination and fertilization to seed set but not parthenocarpic fruit development in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehui Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yalong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yicong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuzi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiawang Li
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Hu L, Tian J, Zhang F, Song S, Cheng B, Liu G, Liu H, Zhao X, Wang Y, He H. Functional Characterization of CsSWEET5a, a Cucumber Hexose Transporter That Mediates the Hexose Supply for Pollen Development and Rescues Male Fertility in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1332. [PMID: 38279332 PMCID: PMC10816302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollen cells require large amounts of sugars from the anther to support their development, which is critical for plant sexual reproduction and crop yield. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have been shown to play an important role in the apoplasmic unloading of sugars from anther tissues into symplasmically isolated developing pollen cells and thereby affect the sugar supply for pollen development. However, among the 17 CsSWEET genes identified in the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genome, the CsSWEET gene involved in this process has not been identified. Here, a member of the SWEET gene family, CsSWEET5a, was identified and characterized. The quantitative real-time PCR and β-glucuronidase expression analysis revealed that CsSWEET5a is highly expressed in the anthers and pollen cells of male cucumber flowers from the microsporocyte stage (stage 9) to the mature pollen stage (stage 12). Its subcellular localization indicated that the CsSWEET5a protein is localized to the plasma membrane. The heterologous expression assays in yeast demonstrated that CsSWEET5a encodes a hexose transporter that can complement both glucose and fructose transport deficiencies. CsSWEET5a can significantly rescue the pollen viability and fertility of atsweet8 mutant Arabidopsis plants. The possible role of CsSWEET5a in supplying hexose to developing pollen cells via the apoplast is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (F.Z.)
| | - Shuhui Song
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bing Cheng
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guangmin Liu
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuezhi Zhao
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongju He
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
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Graci S, Barone A. Tomato plant response to heat stress: a focus on candidate genes for yield-related traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1245661. [PMID: 38259925 PMCID: PMC10800405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1245661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and global warming represent the main threats for many agricultural crops. Tomato is one of the most extensively grown and consumed horticultural products and can survive in a wide range of climatic conditions. However, high temperatures negatively affect both vegetative growth and reproductive processes, resulting in losses of yield and fruit quality traits. Researchers have employed different parameters to evaluate the heat stress tolerance, including evaluation of leaf- (stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm), flower- (inflorescence number, flower number, stigma exertion), pollen-related traits (pollen germination and viability, pollen tube growth) and fruit yield per plant. Moreover, several authors have gone even further, trying to understand the plants molecular response mechanisms to this stress. The present review focused on the tomato molecular response to heat stress during the reproductive stage, since the increase of temperatures above the optimum usually occurs late in the growing tomato season. Reproductive-related traits directly affects the final yield and are regulated by several genes such as transcriptional factors, heat shock proteins, genes related to flower, flowering, pollen and fruit set, and epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling and non-coding RNAs. We provided a detailed list of these genes and their function under high temperature conditions in defining the final yield with the aim to summarize the recent findings and pose the attention on candidate genes that could prompt on the selection and constitution of new thermotolerant tomato plant genotypes able to face this abiotic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
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Wang Y, Lv X, Sheng D, Hou X, Mandal S, Liu X, Zhang P, Shen S, Wang P, Krishna Jagadish SV, Huang S. Heat-dependent postpollination limitations on maize pollen tube growth and kernel sterility. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3822-3838. [PMID: 37623372 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has a negative impact on pollen development in maize (Zea mays L.) but the postpollination events that determine kernel sterility are less well characterised. The impact of short-term (hours) heat exposure during postpollination was therefore assessed in silks and ovaries. The temperatures inside the kernels housed within the husks was significantly lower than the imposed heat stress. This protected the ovaries and possibly the later phase of pollen tube growth from the adverse effects of heat stress. Failure of maize kernel fertilization was observed within 6 h of heat stress exposure postpollination. This was accompanied by a significant restriction of early pollen tube growth rather than pollen germination. Limitations on early pollen tube growth were therefore a major factor contributing to heat stress-induced kernel sterility. Exposure to heat stress altered the sugar composition of silks, suggesting that hexose supply contributed to the limitations on pollen tube growth. Moreover, the activities of sucrose metabolising enzymes, the expression of sucrose degradation and trehalose biosynthesis genes were decreased following heat stress. Significant increases in reactive oxygen species, abscisic acid and auxin levels accompanied by altered expression of phytohormone-related genes may also be important in the heat-induced suppression of pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanlong Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dechang Sheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfang Hou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shreya Mandal
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Shoubing Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Shen S, Ma S, Wu L, Zhou SL, Ruan YL. Winners take all: competition for carbon resource determines grain fate. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:893-901. [PMID: 37080837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an evolutionary strategy, plants overproduce ovaries as a safety net for survival, with those losing in the competition for resources being aborted. Grain abortion is, however, highly detrimental agronomically. The molecular basis of selective abortion of grain siblings remains unknown. In this opinion article we assess the current understanding of the molecular players controlling carbon resource import into ovaries and young grains, followed by an evaluation of the spatial hierarchy of sink capacity among grain siblings, focusing on the roles exerted by sugar transporters and enzymes. We argue that, upon sequential pollination and fertilization, robust activation of the carbon import and sugar signaling system plays a key role in establishing the capacity of grain siblings to acquire enough carbon resources to survive and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Singh R, Shankar R, Yadav SK, Kumar V. Transcriptome analysis of ovules offers early developmental clues after fertilization in Cicer arietinum L.. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:177. [PMID: 37188294 PMCID: PMC10175530 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are valued for their nutritional scores and limited information on the molecular mechanisms of chickpea fertilization and seed development is available. In the current work, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on two different stages of chickpea ovules (pre- and post-fertilization) to identify key regulatory transcripts. Two-staged transcriptome sequencing was generated and over 208 million reads were mapped to quantify transcript abundance during fertilization events. Mapping to the reference genome showed that the majority (92.88%) of high-quality Illumina reads were aligned to the chickpea genome. Reference-guided genome and transcriptome assembly yielded a total of 28,783 genes. Of these, 3399 genes were differentially expressed after the fertilization event. These involve upregulated genes including a protease-like secreted in CO(2) response (LOC101500970), amino acid permease 4-like (LOC101506539), and downregulated genes MYB-related protein 305-like (LOC101493897), receptor like protein 29 (LOC101491695). WGCNA analysis and pairwise comparison of datasets, successfully constructed four co-expression modules. Transcription factor families including bHLH, MYB, MYB-related, C2H2 zinc finger, ERF, WRKY and NAC transcription factor were also found to be activated after fertilization. Activation of these genes and transcription factors results in the accumulation of carbohydrates and proteins by enhancing their trafficking and biosynthesis. Total 17 differentially expressed genes, were randomly selected for qRT-PCR for validation of transcriptome analysis and showed statistically significant correlations with the transcriptome data. Our findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying changes in fertilized chickpea ovules. This work may come closer to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that initiate developmental events in chickpea seeds after fertilization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03599-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Singh
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001 India
| | - Rama Shankar
- Department of Paediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | | | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001 India
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Source-To-Sink Transport of Sugar and Its Role in Male Reproductive Development. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081323. [PMID: 35893060 PMCID: PMC9329892 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose is produced in leaf mesophyll cells via photosynthesis and exported to non-photosynthetic sink tissues through the phloem. The molecular basis of source-to-sink long-distance transport in cereal crop plants is of importance due to its direct influence on grain yield-pollen grains, essential for male fertility, are filled with sugary starch, and rely on long-distance sugar transport from source leaves. Here, we overview sugar partitioning via phloem transport in rice, especially where relevant for male reproductive development. Phloem loading and unloading in source leaves and sink tissues uses a combination of the symplastic, apoplastic, and/or polymer trapping pathways. The symplastic and polymer trapping pathways are passive processes, correlated with source activity and sugar gradients. In contrast, apoplastic phloem loading/unloading involves active processes and several proteins, including SUcrose Transporters (SUTs), Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs), Invertases (INVs), and MonoSaccharide Transporters (MSTs). Numerous transcription factors combine to create a complex network, such as DNA binding with One Finger 11 (DOF11), Carbon Starved Anther (CSA), and CSA2, which regulates sugar metabolism in normal male reproductive development and in response to changes in environmental signals, such as photoperiod.
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Ko HY, Tseng HW, Ho LH, Wang L, Chang TF, Lin A, Ruan YL, Neuhaus HE, Guo WJ. Hexose translocation mediated by SlSWEET5b is required for pollen maturation in Solanum lycopersicum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:344-359. [PMID: 35166824 PMCID: PMC9070840 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pollen fertility is critical for successful fertilization and, accordingly, for crop yield. While sugar unloading affects the growth and development of all types of sink organs, the molecular nature of sugar import to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen is poorly understood. However, sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) have been proposed to be involved in pollen development. Here, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that SlSWEET5b was markedly expressed in flowers when compared to the remaining tomato SlSWEETs, particularly in the stamens of maturing flower buds undergoing mitosis. Distinct accumulation of SlSWEET5b-β-glucuronidase activities was present in mature flower buds, especially in anther vascular and inner cells, symplasmic isolated microspores (pollen grains), and styles. The demonstration that SlSWEET5b-GFP fusion proteins are located in the plasma membrane supports the idea that the SlSWEET5b carrier functions in apoplasmic sugar translocation during pollen maturation. This is consistent with data from yeast complementation experiments and radiotracer uptake, showing that SlSWEET5b operates as a low-affinity hexose-specific passive facilitator, with a Km of ∼36 mM. Most importantly, RNAi-mediated suppression of SlSWEET5b expression resulted in shrunken nucleus-less pollen cells, impaired germination, and low seed yield. Moreover, stamens from SlSWEET5b-silenced tomato mutants showed significantly lower amounts of sucrose (Suc) and increased invertase activity, indicating reduced carbon supply and perturbed Suc homeostasis in these tissues. Taken together, our findings reveal the essential role of SlSWEET5b in mediating apoplasmic hexose import into phloem unloading cells and into developing pollen cells to support pollen mitosis and maturation in tomato flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Hsuan Ho
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 22 D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Germany
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Tzu-Fang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 7013, Taiwan
| | - Annie Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 7013, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences and Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, 22 D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, Germany
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Li F, Jia Y, Zhou S, Chen X, Xie Q, Hu Z, Chen G. SlMBP22 overexpression in tomato affects flower morphology and fruit development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 272:153687. [PMID: 35378388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MADS-domain transcription factors have been identified as key regulators involved in proper flower and fruit development in angiosperms. As members of the MADS-box subfamily, Bsister (Bs) genes have been observed to play an important role during the evolution of the reproductive organs in seed plants. However, their effects on reproductive development in fruit crops, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), remain unclear. Here, we found that SlMBP22 overexpression (SlMBP22-OE) resulted in considerable alterations in floral morphology and affected the expression levels of several floral homeotic genes. Further analysis by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that SlMBP22 forms dimers with class A protein MACROCALYX (MC) and SEPALLATA (SEP) floral homeotic proteins TM5 and TM29, respectively. In addition, pollen viability and cross-fertilization assays suggested that the defect in female reproductive development was responsible for the infertility phenotype observed in the strong overexpression transgenic plants. Transgenic fruits with mild overexpression exhibited reduced size as a result of reduced cell expansion, rather than impaired cell division. Additionally, SlMBP22 overexpression in tomato not only affected proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation but also altered seed dormancy. Taken together, these findings may provide new insights into the knowledge of Bs MADS-box genes in flower and fruit development in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Yanhua Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Shengen Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
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11
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Yue L, Feng Y, Ma C, Wang C, Chen F, Cao X, Wang J, White JC, Wang Z, Xing B. Molecular Mechanisms of Early Flowering in Tomatoes Induced by Manganese Ferrite (MnFe 2O 4) Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5636-5646. [PMID: 35362964 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have demonstrated enormous potential to improve agricultural production. Ten mg L-1 of customized manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) NMs was selected as the optimal dose based on its outstanding effects on promoting tomato flowering and production. After the foliar application before flowering, MnFe2O4 NMs increased the leaf chlorophyll content by 20 percent, and significantly upregulated the expressions of ferredoxin, PsaA, and PsbA in leaves, likely by serving as an electron donor, leading to a significant increase in photosynthesis efficiency by 13.3%. Long distance transport of sucrose was then confirmed by the upregulation of sucrose transporter SUT1 and SUT2 in NM-treated leaves and meristems. The genes associated with gibberellin biosynthesis, including GA20ox2, GA20ox3, and SIGAST, and a flowering induction gene SFT, were also significantly upregulated. Importantly, the flowering time was 13 days earlier by MnFe2O4 NMs over the control. At the reproductive stage, MnFe2O4 NMs increased pollen activity and ovule size, leading to the significant increase in fruit number per plant, single fruit weight, and fruit weight per plant by 50%, 30%, and 75%, respectively. Metabolically, a significant increase of glucose-6-phosphate, phenylalanine, rutin, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), as well as a significant decrease of tomatine and methionine, demonstrates an increased nutritional value of the tomato fruits. A verified companion field experiment showed an increase of 84.1% in total tomato production with the MnFe2O4 NM amendment. These findings provide support for the early flowering and yield improvement in nano-enabled agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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12
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Wang Z, Le X, Cao X, Wang C, Chen F, Wang J, Feng Y, Yue L, Xing B. Triiron Tetrairon Phosphate (Fe7(PO4)6) Nanomaterials Enhanced Flavonoid Accumulation in Tomato Fruits. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081341. [PMID: 35458049 PMCID: PMC9028851 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids contribute to fruit sensorial and nutritional quality. They are also highly beneficial for human health and can effectively prevent several chronic diseases. There is increasing interest in developing alternative food sources rich in flavonoids, and nano-enabled agriculture provides the prospect for solving this action. In this study, triiron tetrairon phosphate (Fe7(PO4)6) nanomaterials (NMs) were synthesized and amended in soils to enhance flavonoids accumulation in tomato fruits. 50 mg kg−1 of Fe7(PO4)6 NMs was the optimal dose based on its outstanding performance on promoting tomato fruit flavonoids accumulation. After entering tomato roots, Fe7(PO4)6 NMs promoted auxin (IAA) level by 70.75 and 164.21% over Fe-EDTA and control, and then up-regulated the expression of genes related to PM H+ ATPase, leading to root proton ef-flux at 5.87 pmol cm−2 s−1 and rhizosphere acidification. More Mg, Fe, and Mn were thus taken up into plants. Subsequently, photosynthate was synthesized, and transported into fruits more rapidly to increase flavonoid synthesis potential. The metabolomic and transcriptomic profile in fruits further revealed that Fe7(PO4)6 NMs regulated sucrose metabolism, shi-kimic acid pathway, phenylalanine synthesis, and finally enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis. This study implies the potential of NMs to improve fruit quality by enhancing flavonoids synthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiehui Le
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (F.C.); (J.W.); (Y.F.)
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0510-85911911
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
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13
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Shen S, Ma S, Chen XM, Yi F, Li BB, Liang XG, Liao SJ, Gao LH, Zhou SL, Ruan YL. A transcriptional landscape underlying sugar import for grain set in maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:228-242. [PMID: 35020972 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing seed depends on sugar supply for its growth and yield formation. Maize (Zea mays L.) produces the largest grains among cereals. However, there is a lack of holistic understanding of the transcriptional landscape of genes controlling sucrose transport to, and utilization within, maize grains. By performing in-depth data mining of spatio-temporal transcriptomes coupled with histological and heterologous functional analyses, we identified transporter genes specifically expressed in the maternal-filial interface, including (i) ZmSWEET11/13b in the placento-chalazal zone, where sucrose is exported into the apoplasmic space, and (ii) ZmSTP3, ZmSWEET3a/4c (monosaccharide transporters), ZmSUT1, and ZmSWEET11/13a (sucrose transporters) in the basal endosperm transfer cells for retrieval of apoplasmic sucrose or hexoses after hydrolysis by extracellular invertase. In the embryo and its surrounding regions, an embryo-localized ZmSUT4 and a cohort of ZmSWEETs were specifically expressed. Interestingly, drought repressed those ZmSWEETs likely exporting sucrose but enhanced the expression of most transporter genes for uptake of apoplasmic sugars. Importantly, this drought-induced fluctuation in gene expression was largely attenuated by an increased C supply via controlled pollination, indicating that the altered gene expression is conditioned by C availability. Based on the analyses above, we proposed a holistic model on the spatio-temporal expression of genes that likely govern sugar transport and utilization across maize maternal and endosperm and embryo tissues during the critical stage of grain set. Collectively, the findings represent an advancement towards a holistic understanding of the transcriptional landscape underlying post-phloem sugar transport in maize grain and indicate that the drought-induced changes in gene expression are attributable to low C status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian-Min Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Gui Liang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Research Center on Ecological Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sheng-Jin Liao
- Research Center of Agricultural Information & Technology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li-Hong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
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14
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Fan S, Wang D, Xie H, Wang H, Qin Y, Hu G, Zhao J. Sugar Transport, Metabolism and Signaling in Fruit Development of Litchi chinensis Sonn: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011231. [PMID: 34681891 PMCID: PMC8540296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Litchi chinensis Sonn. is an important evergreen fruit crop cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions. The edible portion of litchi fruit is the aril, which contains a high concentration of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. In this study, we review various aspects of sugar transport, metabolism, and signaling during fruit development in litchi. We begin by detailing the sugar transport and accumulation during aril development, and the biosynthesis of quebrachitol as a transportable photosynthate is discussed. We then document sugar metabolism in litchi fruit. We focus on the links between sugar signaling and seed development as well as fruit abscission. Finally, we outline future directions for research on sugar metabolism and signaling to improve fruit yield and quality.
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15
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Zhang X, Feng C, Wang M, Li T, Liu X, Jiang J. Plasma membrane-localized SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 regulate sugar transport and storage in tomato fruits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:186. [PMID: 34333539 PMCID: PMC8325691 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sugars, especially glucose and fructose, contribute to the taste and quality of tomato fruits. These compounds are translocated from the leaves to the fruits and then unloaded into the fruits by various sugar transporters at the plasma membrane. SWEETs, are sugar transporters that regulate sugar efflux independently of energy or pH. To date, the role of SWEETs in tomato has received very little attention. In this study, we performed functional analysis of SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 to gain insight into the regulation of sugar transport and storage in tomato fruits. SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 were mainly expressed in peduncles, vascular bundles, and seeds. Both SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 are plasma membrane-localized proteins that transport fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Apart from the resulting increase in mature fruit sugar content, silencing SlSWEET7a or SlSWEET14 resulted in taller plants and larger fruits (in SlSWEET7a-silenced lines). We also found that invertase activity and gene expression of some SlSWEET members increased, which was consistent with the increased availability of sucrose and hexose in the fruits. Overall, our results demonstrate that suppressing SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 could be a potential strategy for enhancing the sugar content of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chaoyang Feng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Manning Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Lara-Mondragón CM, MacAlister CA. Arabinogalactan glycoprotein dynamics during the progamic phase in the tomato pistil. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:131-148. [PMID: 33860833 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pistil AGPs display dynamic localization patterns in response to fertilization in tomato. SlyFLA9 (Solyc07g065540.1) is a chimeric Fasciclin-like AGP with enriched expression in the ovary, suggesting a potential function during pollen-pistil interaction. During fertilization, the male gametes are delivered by pollen tubes to receptive ovules, deeply embedded in the sporophytic tissues of the pistil. Arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs) are a diverse family of highly glycosylated, secreted proteins which have been widely implicated in plant reproduction, particularly within the pistil. Though tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop requiring successful fertilization for production, the molecular basis of this event remains understudied. Here we explore the spatiotemporal localization of AGPs in the mature tomato pistil before and after fertilization. Using histological techniques to detect AGP sugar moieties, we found that accumulation of AGPs correlated with the maturation of the stigma and we identified an AGP subpopulation restricted to the micropyle that was no longer visible upon fertilization. To identify candidate pistil AGP genes, we used an RNA-sequencing approach to catalog gene expression in functionally distinct subsections of the mature tomato pistil (the stigma, apical and basal style and ovary) as well as pollen and pollen tubes. Of 161 predicted AGP and AGP-like proteins encoded in the tomato genome, we identified four genes with specifically enriched expression in reproductive tissues. We further validated expression of two of these, a Fasciclin-like AGP (SlyFLA9, Solyc07g065540.1) and a novel hybrid AGP (SlyHAE, Solyc09g075580.1). Using in situ hybridization, we also found SlyFLA9 was expressed in the integuments of the ovule and the pericarp. Additionally, differential expression analyses of the pistil transcriptome revealed previously unreported genes with enriched expression in each subsection of the mature pistil, setting the foundation for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cora A MacAlister
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Coluccio Leskow C, Conte M, Del Pozo T, Bermúdez L, Lira BS, Gramegna G, Baroli I, Burgos E, Zavallo D, Kamenetzky L, Asís R, Gonzalez M, Fernie AR, Rossi M, Osorio S, Carrari F. The cytosolic invertase NI6 affects vegetative growth, flowering, fruit set, and yield in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2525-2543. [PMID: 33367755 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose metabolism is important for most plants, both as the main source of carbon and via signaling mechanisms that have been proposed for this molecule. A cleaving enzyme, invertase (INV) channels sucrose into sink metabolism. Although acid soluble and insoluble invertases have been largely investigated, studies on the role of neutral invertases (A/N-INV) have lagged behind. Here, we identified a tomato A/N-INV encoding gene (NI6) co-localizing with a previously reported quantitative trait locus (QTL) largely affecting primary carbon metabolism in tomato. Of the eight A/N-INV genes identified in the tomato genome, NI6 mRNA is present in all organs, but its expression was higher in sink tissues (mainly roots and fruits). A NI6-GFP fusion protein localized to the cytosol of mesophyll cells. Tomato NI6-silenced plants showed impaired growth phenotype, delayed flowering and a dramatic reduction in fruit set. Global gene expression and metabolite profile analyses of these plants revealed that NI6 is not only essential for sugar metabolism, but also plays a signaling role in stress adaptation. We also identified major hubs, whose expression patterns were greatly affected by NI6 silencing; these hubs were within the signaling cascade that coordinates carbohydrate metabolism with growth and development in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Coluccio Leskow
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Mariana Conte
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Talia Del Pozo
- Centro Tecnológico de Recursos Vegetales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa Bermúdez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
- Cátedra de Genética, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Silvestre Lira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Gramegna
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Irene Baroli
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada., IBBEA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estanislao Burgos
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Zavallo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Bioinformática de Patógenos. iB3 | Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología traslacional. Departamento de Fisiologia y Biologia Molecular y Celular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramón Asís
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gonzalez
- Centro Tecnológico de Recursos Vegetales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschafts Park Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, D-14 476, Germany
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," University of Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Cátedra de Genética, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Wu Y, Ren Z, Gao C, Sun M, Li S, Min R, Wu J, Li D, Wang X, Wei Y, Xia Y. Change in Sucrose Cleavage Pattern and Rapid Starch Accumulation Govern Lily Shoot-to-Bulblet Transition in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:564713. [PMID: 33519832 PMCID: PMC7840508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.564713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In bulb crops, bulbing is a key progress in micropropagation and is the feature that most distinguishes bulbous crops from other plants. Generally, bulbing involves a shoot-to-bulblet transition; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We explored this process by tracking the shoot-to-bulblet transition under different culture conditions. Rapid starch accumulation occurred at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) in the bulblet-inducing treatments as confirmed via histological observations and the significant elevation of starch synthesis related-gene transcription, including LohAGPS, LohAGPL, LohGBSS, LohSS, and LohSBE. However, for shoots that did not transition to bulblets and maintained the shoot status, much higher soluble sugars were detected. Interestingly, we observed a clear shift from invertase-catalyzed to sucrose synthase-catalyzed sucrose cleavage pattern based on the differential expression of LohCWIN and LohSuSy during the key transition stage (prior to and after bulbing at 0-15 DAT). Shoots that transitioned into bulblets showed significantly higher LohSuSy expression, especially LohSuSy4 expression, than shoots that did not transition. A symplastic phloem unloading pathway at the bulblet emergence stage (15 DAT) was verified via the 6(5)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate fluorescent tracer. We propose that starch is the fundamental compound in the shoot-to-bulblet transition and that starch synthesis is likely triggered by the switch from apoplastic to symplastic sucrose unloading, which may be related to sucrose depletion. Furthermore, this study is the first to provide a complete inventory of the genes involved in starch metabolism based on our transcriptome data. Two of these genes, LohAGPS1.2b and LohSSIIId, were verified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends cloning, and these data will provide additional support for Lilium research since whole genome is currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziming Ren
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Gao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Sun
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruihan Min
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Shah AN, Tanveer M, Abbas A, Yildirim M, Shah AA, Ahmad MI, Wang Z, Sun W, Song Y. Combating Dual Challenges in Maize Under High Planting Density: Stem Lodging and Kernel Abortion. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699085. [PMID: 34868101 PMCID: PMC8636062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
High plant density is considered a proficient approach to increase maize production in countries with limited agricultural land; however, this creates a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion by reducing the ratio of biomass to the development of the stem and ear. Stem lodging and kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production for high plant density cropping; therefore, it is very important to overcome stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this review, we discuss various morphophysiological and genetic characteristics of maize that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion, with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning in maize. These characteristics illustrate a strong relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion. Previous studies have focused on targeting lignin and cellulose accumulation to improve lodging resistance. Nonetheless, a critical analysis of the literature showed that considering sugar metabolism and examining its effects on lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize may provide considerable results to improve maize productivity. A constructive summary of management approaches that could be used to efficiently control the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion is also included. The preferred management choice is based on the genotype of maize; nevertheless, various genetic and physiological approaches can control stem lodging and kernel abortion. However, plant growth regulators and nutrient application can also help reduce the risk for stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Noor Shah
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Asad Abbas
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mehmet Yildirim
- Department of Field Crop, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | | | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Youhong Song
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20
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Ru L, He Y, Zhu Z, Patrick JW, Ruan YL. Integrating Sugar Metabolism With Transport: Elevation of Endogenous Cell Wall Invertase Activity Up-Regulates SlHT2 and SlSWEET12c Expression for Early Fruit Development in Tomato. Front Genet 2020; 11:592596. [PMID: 33193736 PMCID: PMC7604364 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.592596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early fruit development is critical for determining crop yield. Cell wall invertase (CWIN) and sugar transporters both play important roles in carbon allocation and plant development. However, there is little information about the relationship between CWIN and those functionally related sugar transporters during fruit development. By using transgenic tomato with an elevated CWIN activity, we investigated how an increase in CWIN activity may regulate the expression of sugar transporter genes during fruit development. Our analyses indicate that CWIN activity may be under tight regulation by multiple regulators, including two invertase inhibitors (INVINHs) and one defective CWIN (deCWIN) in tomato ovaries prior to anthesis. Among the sugar transporters, expression of SlSWEET12c for sucrose efflux and SlHT2 for hexose uptake was enhanced by the elevated CWIN activity at 10 and 15 days after anthesis of tomato fruit development, respectively. The findings show that some specific sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) and hexose transporters (HTs) respond to elevate CWIN activity probably to promote rapid fruit expansion when sucrose efflux from phloem and hexose uptake by parenchyma cell are in high demand. The analyses provide new leads for improving crop yield by manipulating CWIN-responsive sugar transporters, together with CWIN itself, to enhance fruit development and sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ru
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong He
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John W Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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21
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Shen S, Liang XG, Zhang L, Zhao X, Liu YP, Lin S, Gao Z, Wang P, Wang ZM, Zhou SL. Intervening in sibling competition for assimilates by controlled pollination prevents seed abortion under postpollination drought in maize. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:903-919. [PMID: 31851373 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During maize production, drought throughout the flowering stage usually induces seed abortion and yield losses. The influence of postpollination drought stress on seed abortion and its underlying mechanisms are not well characterized. By intervening in the competition for assimilates between kernel siblings under different degrees of postpollination drought stresses accompanied by synchronous pollination (SP) and incomplete pollination (ICP) approaches, the mechanisms of postpollination abortion were investigated at physiological and molecular levels. Upon SP treatment, up to 15% of the fertilized apical kernels were aborted in the drought-exacerbated competition for assimilates. The aborted kernels exhibited weak sucrose hydrolysis and starch synthesis but promoted the synthesis of trehalose-6-phosphate and ethylene. In ICP where basal pollination was prevented, apical kernel growth was restored with reinstated sucrose metabolism and starch synthesis and promoted sucrose and hexose levels under drought stress. In addition, the equilibrium between ethylene and polyamine in response to the drought and pollination treatments was associated with the abortion process. We conclude that competition for assimilates drives postpollination kernel abortion, whereas differences in sugar metabolism and the equilibrium between ethylene and polyamines may be relevant to the "live or die" choice of kernel siblings during this competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Gui Liang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Wuqiao for Crop Water Use Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuqiao, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Wuqiao for Crop Water Use Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuqiao, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Wuqiao for Crop Water Use Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuqiao, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, China
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22
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Carmody N, Goñi O, Łangowski Ł, O’Connell S. Ascophyllum nodosum Extract Biostimulant Processing and Its Impact on Enhancing Heat Stress Tolerance During Tomato Fruit Set. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:807. [PMID: 32670315 PMCID: PMC7330804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of biostimulants derived from extracts of the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum has long been accepted by growers to have productivity benefits in stressed crops. The impact of the processing method of the A. nodosum biomass is also known to affect compositional and physicochemical properties. However, the identification of the mechanisms by which processing parameters of Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANEs) affect biostimulant performance in abiotically stressed crops is still poorly understood. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of two carbohydrate-rich formulations derived from A. nodosum: C129, an ANE obtained at low temperatures through a gentle extraction and the novel proprietary PSI-494 extracted under high temperatures and alkaline conditions. We tested the efficiency of both ANEs in unstressed conditions as well as in mitigating long-term moderate heat stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, cv. Micro Tom) during the reproductive stage. Both ANEs showed significant effects on flower development, pollen viability, and fruit production in both conditions. However, PSI-494 significantly surpassed the heat stress tolerance effect of C129, increasing fruit number by 86% compared to untreated plants growing under heat stress conditions. The variation in efficacy was associated with different molecular mass distribution profiles of the ANEs. Specific biochemical and transcriptional changes were observed with enhanced thermotolerance. PSI-494 was characterized as an ANE formulation with lower molecular weight constituents, which was associated with an accumulation of soluble sugars, and gene transcription of protective heat shock proteins (HSPs) in heat stressed tomato flowers before fertilization. These findings suggest that specialized ANE biostimulants targeting the negative effects of periods of heat stress during the important reproductive stage can lead to significant productivity gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Carmody
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Łukasz Łangowski
- Research and Development Department, Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Ireland
| | - Shane O’Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Shane O’Connell,
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23
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Xie H, Wang D, Qin Y, Ma A, Fu J, Qin Y, Hu G, Zhao J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SWEET gene family in Litchi chinensis reveal the involvement of LcSWEET2a/3b in early seed development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:499. [PMID: 31726992 PMCID: PMC6857300 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWEETs (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported transporters) function as sugar efflux transporters that perform diverse physiological functions, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed filling, and pathogen nutrition. The SWEET gene family has been identified and characterized in a number of plant species, but little is known about in Litchi chinensis, which is an important evergreen fruit crop. RESULTS In this study, 16 LcSWEET genes were identified and nominated according to its homologous genes in Arabidopsis and grapevine. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the 7 alpha-helical transmembrane domains (7-TMs) were basically conserved in LcSWEETs. The LcSWEETs were divided into four clades (Clade I to Clade IV) by phylogenetic tree analysis. A total of 8 predicted motifs were detected in the litchi LcSWEET genes. The 16 LcSWEET genes were unevenly distributed in 9 chromosomes and there was one pairs of segmental duplicated events by synteny analysis. The expression patterns of the 16 LcSWEET genes showed higher expression levels in reproductive organs. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of LcSWEET2a and LcSWEET3b indicated they play central roles during early seed development. CONCLUSIONS The litchi genome contained 16 SWEET genes, and most of the genes were expressed in different tissues. Gene expression suggested that LcSWEETs played important roles in the growth and development of litchi fruits. Genes that regulate early seed development were preliminarily identified. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the SWEET gene family in litchi, laying a strong foundation for further functional studies of LcSWEET genes and improvement of litchi fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong litchi engineering research center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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