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Zhao D, Ma H, Li S, Qi W. Seed germination demonstrates inter-annual variations in alkaline tolerance: a case study in perennial Leymus chinensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:397. [PMID: 38745144 PMCID: PMC11092131 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The escalating issue of soil saline-alkalization poses a growing global challenge. Leymus chinensis is a perennial grass species commonly used in the establishment and renewal of artificial grasslands that is relatively tolerant of saline, alkaline, and drought conditions. Nonetheless, reduced seed setting rates limit its propagation, especially on alkali-degraded grassland. Inter-annual variations have an important effect on seed yield and germination under abiotic stress, and we therefore examined the effect of planting year on seed yield components of L. chinensis. METHODS We grew transplanted L. chinensis seedlings in pots for two (Y2), three (Y3), or four (Y4) years and collected spikes for measurement of seed yield components, including spike length, seed setting rate, grain number per spike, and thousand seed weight. We then collected seeds produced by plants from different planting years and subjected them to alkaline stress (25 mM Na2CO3) for measurement of germination percentage and seedling growth. RESULTS The seed setting rate of L. chinensis decreased with an increasing number of years in pot cultivation, but seed weight increased. Y2 plants had a higher seed setting rate and more grains per spike, whereas Y4 plants had a higher thousand seed weight. The effects of alkaline stress (25 mM Na2CO3) on seed germination were less pronounced for the heavier seeds produced by Y4 plants. Na2CO3 caused a 9.2% reduction in shoot length for seedlings derived from Y4 seeds but a 22.3% increase in shoot length for seedlings derived from Y3 seeds. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate significant differences in seed yield components among three planting years of L. chinensis under pot cultivation in a finite space. Inter-annual variation in seed set may provide advantages to plants. Increased alkalinity tolerance of seed germination was observed for seeds produced in successive planting years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130102, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, China
| | - Hongyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130102, China.
| | - Shaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130102, China
| | - Wenwen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130102, China
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2
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Liu B, Zhang C, Deng J, Zhang B, Chen F, Chen W, Fang X, Li J, Zu K, Bu W. Response of tree growth to nutrient addition is size dependent in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171501. [PMID: 38447724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how nutrient addition affects the tree growth is critical for assessing forest ecosystem function and processes, especially in the context of increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition. Subtropical forests are often considered N-rich and P-poor ecosystems, but few existing studies follow the traditional "P limitation" paradigm, possibly due to differences in nutrient requirements among trees of different size classes. We conducted a three-year fertilization experiment with four treatments (Control, N-treatment, P-treatment, and NP-treatment). We measured soil nutrient availability, leaf stoichiometry, and relative growth rate (RGR) of trees across three size classes (small, medium and large) in 64 plots. We found that N and NP-treatments increased the RGR of large trees. P-treatment increased the RGR of small trees. RGR was mainly affected by N addition, the total effect of P addition was only 10 % of that of N addition. The effect of nutrient addition on RGR was mainly regulated by leaf stoichiometry. This study reveals that nutrient limitation is size dependent, indicating that continuous unbalanced N and P deposition will inhibit the growth of small trees and increase the instability of subtropical forest stand structure, but may improve the carbon sink function of large trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Administration of Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve, Ganzhou 341799, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Administration of Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve, Ganzhou 341799, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Administration of Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve, Ganzhou 341799, China
| | - Xiangmin Fang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kuiling Zu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wensheng Bu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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3
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Li X, Xu L, Li M, He N. High-resolution maps of vegetation nitrogen density on the Tibetan Plateau: An intensive field-investigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:167233. [PMID: 37739084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a vital macronutrient in plant growth and development that plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. The Tibetan Plateau is among the most species-diverse vegetation zones in the world, and is sensitive to climate change; however, research on vegetation N in the region remains limited. This study used field grid-sampling of 2040 plant communities to investigate the spatial variation and driving factors of vegetation N on the Tibetan Plateau. The results yielded an average N content, density and storage in vegetation of 8.48 mg g-1, 27.02 g m-2, and 29.84Tg, respectively. The ratio-based optimal partitioning hypothesis appears to be more suitable than the isometric allocation hypothesis to explain variation in vegetation N on the Tibetan Plateau. Variation in vegetation N density, was influenced by several environmental factors of which the most significant was radiation. Based on these results, a Random Forest model was used to predict a N density distribution map at 1 km resolution, achieving an accuracy (R2) of 0.72 (aboveground N density), 0.61 (belowground N density), and 0.69 (total vegetation N density). Trends for high densities were predicted in the southeast and low densities in the northwest of the region. Our findings and maps could be used to provide key N cycle parameters, contributing to future remote sensing, radar analyses, modeling and ecological management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Mingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 150040 Harbin, China.
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4
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Dilena E, Close DC, Hunt I, Garland SM. Investigating how nitrogen nutrition and pruning impacts on CBD and THC concentration and plant biomass of Cannabis sativa. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19533. [PMID: 37945596 PMCID: PMC10636206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise crop fertilization requires an in-depth understanding of plant uptake and utilisation to optimise sustainable production. This study investigated the influence of nitrogen (N) nutrition and pruning on the cannabinoid concentrations and biomass of a commercial cannabis cultivar; the rationale for this study is how N supply and pruning affect cannabinoid yields and concentration in a commercial setting. Clones of a Cannabis sativa L. (CBD-type) were grown in a controlled-environment glasshouse in pots with coarse sand. After five weeks of vegetative growth under 210 mg/L N and an 18 h light regime, rates of 30, 60, 210, and 500 mg/L N were applied to plants for twelve weeks and a light regime set at 12 h. Double stem pruning was applied as an additional treatment to investigate efficacy on biomass increase. Biomass, N concentrations, and cannabinoid concentrations were measured after the final harvest. Pruning treatment did not increase cannabinoid concentrations or affect biomass. It was coincidentally found that plants on the glasshouse edge with higher exposure to sunlight developed more biomass and higher cannabinoid concentrations. Only biomass in leaves was increased significantly via higher nitrogen nutrition. Cannabinoid concentration, as well as cannabinoid yield per plant were decreased with the increase in N supply. High rates of fertilizer are not recommended because of reduced cannabinoid concentration and biomass yield: the ideal N supply is likely to be between 60 and 210 mg/L. This research will benefit growers and advisors in understanding the complexity of effects of nitrogen fertiliser and pruning practices on plant biomass and secondary metabolite production in medicinal cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Dilena
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA), University of Tasmania, Life Sciences Building, Level 2, College Rd, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia.
| | - Dugald C Close
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA), University of Tasmania, Life Sciences Building, Level 2, College Rd, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Ian Hunt
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA), University of Tasmania, Life Sciences Building, Level 2, College Rd, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 1375, Prospect, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Sandra M Garland
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA), University of Tasmania, Life Sciences Building, Level 2, College Rd, Sandy Bay, TAS, 7005, Australia
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Guan M, Pan XC, Sun JK, Chen JX, Kong DL, Feng YL. Nitrogen acquisition strategy and its effects on invasiveness of a subtropical invasive plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1243849. [PMID: 37670857 PMCID: PMC10475947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1243849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Preference and plasticity in nitrogen (N) form uptake are the main strategies with which plants absorb soil N. However, little effort has been made to explore effects of N form acquisition strategies, especially the plasticity, on invasiveness of exotic plants, although many studies have determined the effects of N levels (e.g. N deposition). Methods To address this problem, we studied the differences in N form acquisition strategies between the invasive plant Solidago canadensis and its co-occurring native plant Artemisia lavandulaefolia, effects of soil N environments, and the relationship between N form acquisition strategy of S. canadensis and its invasiveness using a 15N-labeling technique in three habitats at four field sites. Results Total biomass, root biomass, and the uptakes of soil dissolved inorganic N (DIN) per quadrat were higher for the invasive relative to the native species in all three habitats. The invader always preferred dominant soil N forms: NH4 + in habitats with NH4 + as the dominant DIN and NO3 - in habitats with NO3 - as the dominant DIN, while A. lavandulaefolia consistently preferred NO3 - in all habitats. Plasticity in N form uptake was higher in the invasive relative to the native species, especially in the farmland. Plant N form acquisition strategy was influenced by both DIN levels and the proportions of different N forms (NO3 -/NH4 +) as judged by their negative effects on the proportional contributions of NH4 + to plant N (f NH4 +) and the preference for NH4 + (β NH4 +). In addition, total biomass was positively associated with f NH4 + or β NH4 + for S. canadensis, while negatively for A. lavandulaefolia. Interestingly, the species may prefer to absorb NH4 + when soil DIN and/or NO3 -/NH4 + ratio were low, and root to shoot ratio may be affected by plant nutrient status per se, rather than by soil nutrient availability. Discussion Our results indicate that the superior N form acquisition strategy of the invader contributes to its higher N uptake, and therefore to its invasiveness in different habitats, improving our understanding of invasiveness of exotic plants in diverse habitats in terms of utilization of different N forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Kun Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Xin Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-Liang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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6
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Lou Y, Wang R, Che P, Zhao C, Chen Y, Yang Y, Mu J. Nitrogen Addition Affects Interannual Variation in Seed Production in a Tibetan Perennial Herb. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1132. [PMID: 37627016 PMCID: PMC10452069 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The variability observed in the annual seed production of perennial plants can be seen as an indication of changes in the allocation of resources between growth and reproduction, which can be attributed to fluctuations in the environment. However, a significant knowledge gap exists concerning the impacts of nitrogen addition on the interannual seed production patterns of perennial plants. We hypothesized that the addition of nitrogen would impact the annual variations in the seed production of perennial plants, ultimately affecting their overall reproductive efficiency. A multiyear field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of varying nitrogen supply levels (e.g., 0, 4, and 8 kg N ha-1 yr-1 of N0, N4, and N8) on vegetative and floral traits, pollinator visitation rates, and seed traits over a period of four consecutive years. The results showed that the N0 treatment exhibited the highest levels of seed production and reproductive efficiency within the initial two years. In contrast, the N4 treatment displayed its highest level of performance in these metrics in the second and third years, whereas the N8 treatment showcased its most favorable outcomes in the third and fourth years. Similar patterns were found in the number of flowers per capitulum and the number of capitula per plant. There exists a positive correlation between aboveground biomass and several factors, including the number of flowers per capitulum, the number of capitula per plant, the volume of nectar per capitulum, and the seed production per plant. A positive correlation was found between pollinator visitation and the number of flowers per capitulum or the number of capitula per plant. This implies that the addition of N affected the maintenance of plant aboveground biomass, flower trait stability, pollinator visitation, and, subsequently, the frequency of seed production and reproductive efficiency. Our results suggest that augmenting the nitrogen content in the soil may have the capacity to modify the inherent variability in seed production that is observed across various years and enhance the effectiveness of reproductive processes. These findings have the potential to enhance our comprehension of the impact of nitrogen addition on the reproductive performance of perennial herbaceous plants and the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity in the context of global environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Lou
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Peiyue Che
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yali Chen
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yangheshan Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Junpeng Mu
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China; (Y.L.); (R.W.); (P.C.); (Y.C.)
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7
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Yan Z, Tian D, Han W, Ji C, Hou X, Guo Y, Fang J. Weak transgenerational effects of ancestral nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities on offspring phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:515-525. [PMID: 37055608 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient availability significantly regulates plant growth and metabolic functions, but whether and how the long-term exposure of ancestral plants to contrasting nutrient environments influences offspring phenotypic performance (i.e., transgenerational plasticity) remain poorly addressed. Here we conducted experimental manipulations using Arabidopsis thaliana with the ancestral plants grown in different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availabilities over eleven consecutive generations, and then examined the offspring phenotypic performance under the interactive effects of current and ancestral nutrient environments. We found that current rather than ancestral nutrient environments dominantly explained the variations in offspring plant traits (i.e., flowering time, aboveground biomass and biomass allocation fractions), suggesting the relatively weak transgenerational effects of ancestral N and P availabilities on offspring phenotypes. In contrast, increasing N and P availabilities in the offspring generation remarkably shortened the flowering time, increased the aboveground biomass, and altered biomass allocation fractions differentially among organs. Despite the overall weak transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, under the low nutrient environment, the offspring of ancestral plants from the low nutrient environment had a significantly higher fruit mass fraction than those from the suitable nutrient environment. Taken together, our findings suggest that A. thaliana exhibits a much stronger within- than trans-generational trait plasticity under contrasting nutrient availabilities, and may provide important insights into the understanding of plant adaptation and evolutionary processes under changing nutrient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Di Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xinghui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yalong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Feng H, Guo J, Peng C, Kneeshaw D, Roberge G, Pan C, Ma X, Zhou D, Wang W. Nitrogen addition promotes terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to aboveground organs: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3970-3989. [PMID: 37078965 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta-analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m-2 year-1 ) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%-32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%-17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta-regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade-offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Roberge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chang Pan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Zhuang J, Chi Y, Wang Y, Zhou L. Trade-off of leaf-scale resource-use efficiencies along the vertical canopy of the subtropical forest. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 286:154004. [PMID: 37209459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf resource-use efficiencies are key indicators of plant adaptability to climate change, as they depend on both photosynthetic carbon assimilation and available resources. However, accurately quantifying the response of the coupled carbon and water cycles is challenging due to the canopy vertical variability in resource-use efficiencies, which introduces greater uncertainty into the calculations. Here we experimented to ascertain the vertical variations of leaf resource-use efficiencies along three canopy gradients of coniferous (Pinus elliottii Engelmann.) and broad-leaved (Schima Superba Gardn & Champ.) forests over one year in the subtropical region of China. The efficiency of water (WUE), and nitrogen (NUE) showed higher values in the top canopy level for the two species. The maximum efficiency of light (LUE) occurred in the bottom canopy level for both species. The impact of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), leaf temperature (Tleaf), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on leaf resource-use efficiencies varied with canopy gradients in slash pine and schima superba. We also observed a trade-off between NUE and LUE for slash pine and between NUE and WUE for schima superba. Moreover, the variation in the correlation between LUE and WUE indicated a change in resource-use strategies for slash pine. These results emphasize the significance of vertical variations in resource-use efficiencies to enhance the prediction of future carbon-water dynamics in the subtropical forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhuang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yonggang Chi
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yonglin Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Goswami V, Deepika S, Diwakar S, Kothamasi D. Arbuscular mycorrhizas amplify the risk of heavy metal transfer to human food chain from fly ash ameliorated agricultural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121733. [PMID: 37119999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil contaminants threaten global food security by posing threats to food safety through food chain pollution. Fly ash is a potential agent of soil contamination that contains heavy metals and hazardous pollutants. However, being rich in macro- and micronutrients that have direct beneficial effects on plant growth, fly ash has been recommended as a low-cost soil ameliorant in agriculture in countries of the Global South. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ubiquitous in agricultural soils, enhance efficiency of plant nutrient uptake from soils but can equally increase uptake of toxic pollutants from fly ash ameliorated soils to edible crop tissues. We investigated AMF-mediated amplification of nutrient and heavy metal uptake from fly ash amended soils to shoots, roots and grains of barley. We used a microcosm-based experiment to analyse the impacts of fly ash amendments to soil in concentrations of 0 (control), 15, 30 or 50% respectively, on root colonization by AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and AMF-mediated transfer of N, P and heavy metals: Ni, Co, Pb and Cr to barley tissues. These concentrations of fly ash are equivalent to 0, 137, 275 and 458 t ha-1 respectively, in soil. Root AMF colonization correlated negatively with fly ash concentration and was not detected at 50% fly ash amendment. Shoots, roots and grains of mycorrhizal barley grown with 15, 30 and 50% fly ash amendments had significantly higher concentrations of Ni, Co, Pb and Cr compared to the control and their respective non-mycorrhizal counterparts. Presence of heavy metals in barley plants grown with fly ash amended soil and their increased AMF-mediated translocation to edible grains may significantly enhance the volume of heavy metals entering the human food chain. We recommend careful assessment of manipulation of agricultural soils with fly ash as heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soils and human tissues may cause irreversible damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Goswami
- Laboratory of Soil Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sharma Deepika
- Laboratory of Soil Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110002, India
| | - Swati Diwakar
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - David Kothamasi
- Laboratory of Soil Biology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, University of Strathclyde, G4 0LT, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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11
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Sher J, Bibi F, Jan G, Tomlinson KW, Ayaz A, Zaman W. Kin and Non-Kin Connected Plants Benefit More Than Disconnected Kin and Non-Kin Plants under Nutrient-Competitive Environments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:487. [PMID: 36771572 PMCID: PMC9920217 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the natural environment, plants grow and interact with both conspecific and heterospecific neighbours under different environmental conditions. In this study, we tested whether Chenopodium quinoa Willd genotypes differ in growth performance when grown with kin and non-kin under nutrient limitation in pot partitioning treatments. Biomass accumulation, allocation, organ efficiency, and specific leaf area were measured at the end of the experiment. Response variables were differentially impacted by kinship, fertility, and barrier. Total dry mass, shoot dry mass, and root and stem allocation were greater for plants grown with kin in connected pots than with non-kin in connected pots across the nutrient treatments. Kin connected and disconnected plants had a greater specific root length, specific stem length, and average leaf mass than non-kin connected and disconnected plants. Non-kin connected and disconnected plants had greater LAR and SLA than kin connected and disconnected plants under low- and high-nutrient treatments. Plants always grew better in the presence of their kin than non-kin. These results conclude that quinoa plant production benefits from planting closely related individuals under both high- and low-nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sher
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Farkhanda Bibi
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Kyle W. Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhou L, Zhou X, He Y, Fu Y, Du Z, Lu M, Sun X, Li C, Lu C, Liu R, Zhou G, Bai SH, Thakur MP. Global systematic review with meta-analysis shows that warming effects on terrestrial plant biomass allocation are influenced by precipitation and mycorrhizal association. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4914. [PMID: 35987902 PMCID: PMC9392739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass allocation in plants is fundamental for understanding and predicting terrestrial carbon storage. Yet, our knowledge regarding warming effects on root: shoot ratio (R/S) remains limited. Here, we present a meta-analysis encompassing more than 300 studies and including angiosperms and gymnosperms as well as different biomes (cropland, desert, forest, grassland, tundra, and wetland). The meta-analysis shows that average warming of 2.50 °C (median = 2 °C) significantly increases biomass allocation to roots with a mean increase of 8.1% in R/S. Two factors associate significantly with this response to warming: mean annual precipitation and the type of mycorrhizal fungi associated with plants. Warming-induced allocation to roots is greater in drier habitats when compared to shoots (+15.1% in R/S), while lower in wetter habitats (+4.9% in R/S). This R/S pattern is more frequent in plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, compared to ectomycorrhizal fungi. These results show that precipitation variability and mycorrhizal association can affect terrestrial carbon dynamics by influencing biomass allocation strategies in a warmer world, suggesting that climate change could influence belowground C sequestration. Biomass allocation in plants is fundamental for understanding and predicting terrestrial carbon storage. Here, the authors conduct a meta-analysis showing that warming effect on plant root:shoot is influenced by precipitation and the type of mycorrhizal fungi associated.
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13
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Yan Z, He L, Ma S, Feng Y, Su H, Chen G, Feng Y, Ji C, Shen H, Fang J. Above- and belowground biomass allocation and its regulation by plant density in six common grassland species in China. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:41-53. [PMID: 34669087 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Above- and belowground biomass allocation is an essential plant functional trait that reflects plant survival strategies and affects belowground carbon pool estimation in grasslands. However, due to the difficulty of distinguishing living and dead roots, estimation of biomass allocation from field-based studies currently show large uncertainties. In addition, the dependence of biomass allocation on plant species, functional type as well as plant density remains poorly addressed. Here, we conducted greenhouse manipulation experiments to study above- and belowground biomass allocation and its density regulation for six common grassland species with different functional types (i.e., C3 vs C4; annuals vs perennials) from temperate China. To explore the density regulation on the biomass allocation, we used five density levels: 25, 100, 225, 400, and 625 plant m-2. We found that mean root to shoot ratio (R/S) values ranged from 0.04 to 0.92 across the six species, much lower than those obtained in previous field studies. We also found much lower R/S values in annuals than in perennials (C. glaucum and S. viridis vs C. squarrosa, L. chinensis, M. sativa and S. grandis) and in C4 plants than in C3 plants (C. squarrosa vs L. chinensis, M. sativa and S. grandis). In addition to S. grandis, plant density had significant effects on the shoot and root biomass fraction and R/S for the other five species. Plant density also affected the allometric relationships between above- and belowground biomass significantly. Our results suggest that R/S values obtained from field investigations may be severely overestimated and that R/S values vary largely across species with different functional types. Our findings provide novel insights into approximating the difficult-to-measure belowground living biomass in grasslands, and highlight that species composition and intraspecific competition will regulate belowground carbon estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Sun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yupin Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luoshu He
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuhao Feng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haojie Su
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yinping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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14
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Oilseed Rape Cultivars Show Diversity of Root Morphologies with the Potential for Better Capture of Nitrogen. NITROGEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen2040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for vegetable oils is rising. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) diversifies cereal dominated crop rotations but requires important nitrogen input. Yet, the root organ is offering an untapped opportunity to improve the nitrogen capture in soil. This study evaluates three culture systems in controlled environment, to observe root morphology and to identify root attributes for superior biomass production and nitrogen use. The phenotypic diversity in a panel of 55 modern winter oilseed rape cultivars was screened in response to two divergent nitrate supplies. Upon in vitro and hydroponic cultures, a large variability for root morphologies was observed. Root biomass and morphological traits positively correlated with shoot biomass or leaf area. The activities of high-affinity nitrate transport systems correlated negatively with the leaf area, while the combined high- and low-affinity systems positively with the total root length. The X-ray computed tomography permitted to visualize the root system in pipes filled with soil. The in vitro root phenotype at germination stage was indicative of lateral root deployment in soil-grown plants. This study highlights great genetic potential in oilseed rape, which could be manipulated to optimize crop root characteristics and nitrogen capture with substantial implications for agricultural production.
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15
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Liu L, Zuo S, Ma M, Li J, Guo L, Huang D. Appropriate nitrogen addition regulates reproductive strategies of Leymus chinensis. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Hinzke T, Li G, Tanneberger F, Seeber E, Aggenbach C, Lange J, Kozub Ł, Knorr K, Kreyling J, Kotowski W. Potentially peat‐forming biomass of fen sedges increases with increasing nutrient levels. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tjorven Hinzke
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology University of GreifswaldPartner in the Greifswald Mire Centre Greifswald Germany
| | - Guixiang Li
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Franziska Tanneberger
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology University of GreifswaldPartner in the Greifswald Mire Centre Greifswald Germany
| | - Elke Seeber
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology University of GreifswaldPartner in the Greifswald Mire Centre Greifswald Germany
| | - Camiel Aggenbach
- Ecosystem Management Research Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- KWR Water Research Institute Nieuwegein The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Lange
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology University of GreifswaldPartner in the Greifswald Mire Centre Greifswald Germany
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Łukasz Kozub
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Klaus‐Holger Knorr
- Ecohydrology & Biogeochemistry Group Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology University of GreifswaldPartner in the Greifswald Mire Centre Greifswald Germany
| | - Wiktor Kotowski
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation Institute of Environmental Biology Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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17
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Sahoo GR, Swamy SL, Mishra A, Thakur TK. Effect of seed source, light, and nitrogen levels on biomass and nutrient allocation pattern in seedlings of Pongamia pinnata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15005-15020. [PMID: 33221992 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and light are critical determinants of plant growth and productivity. The present study attempts to quantify the underlying mechanisms and effects of light, N levels, and seed source on growth, biomass, nutrient allocations, and nutrient use efficiencies (NUEs) in seedlings of Pongamia pinnata. The differential and fixed hypothesis and isometric and allometric relationships were also examined. Six morphologically superior seed sources of P. pinnata from three contrasting agro-climatic conditions of India were evaluated with application of two levels of both N (low dose @ 5g plant-1 and 15 g plant-1) and light regimes (full light-100% and low light-50%) in mother nursery. Among the seed sources, the native Raipur seed source was found outstanding in growth, biomass, and nutrient use efficiency. N was more critical than light in promoting growth in seedlings of P. pinnata. High N and high light regimes increased shoot/root ratios. The components showed allometric growth and followed a differential allocation pattern. The exploitation of suitable genetic resources combined with managerial interventions is necessary for development of quality planting stock of P. pinnata. Nutrient use efficiencies, biomass production, and their allocation were important indicators and criteria for selection. The study suggests that Raipur and Jabalpur seed sources having high NUE should be grown along with adequate N application (15 g plant-1) and light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Singam Laxmana Swamy
- College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Katghora-Korba, CG, India.
| | - Alka Mishra
- Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, CG, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Thakur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, MP, India
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18
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Zhang JY, Cun Z, Wu HM, Chen JW. Integrated analysis on biochemical profiling and transcriptome revealed nitrogen-driven difference in accumulation of saponins in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:564-580. [PMID: 32912490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Panax notoginseng is considered a promising source of secondary metabolites due to its saponins. However, there are relatively few studies on the response of saponins to nitrogen (N) availability and the mechanisms underlying the N-driven regulation of saponins. Saponins content and saponins -related genes were analyzed in roots of P. notoginseng grown under low N (LN), moderate N (MN) and high N (HN). Saponins was obviously increased in LN individuals with a reduction in β-glucosidase activity. LN facilitated root architecture and N uptake rate. Compared with the LN individuals, 2872 and 1122 genes were incorporated into as differently expressed genes (DEGs) in the MN and HN individuals. Clustering and enrichment showed that DEGs related to "carbohydrate biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction", "terpenoid backbone biosynthesis", "sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis" were enriched. The up-regulation of some saponins-related genes and microelement transporters was found in LN plants. Whereas the expression of IPT3, AHK4 and GS2 in LN plants fell far short of that in HN ones. Anyways, LN-induced accumulation of C-based metabolites as saponins might derive from the interaction between N and phytohormones in processing of N acquisition, and HN-induced reduction of saponins might be result from an increase in the form of β-glucosidase activity and N-dependent cytokinins (CKs) biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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19
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Concha C, Doerner P. The impact of the rhizobia-legume symbiosis on host root system architecture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3902-3921. [PMID: 32337556 PMCID: PMC7316968 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Legumes form symbioses with rhizobia to fix N2 in root nodules to supplement their nitrogen (N) requirements. Many studies have shown how symbioses affect the shoot, but far less is understood about how they modify root development and root system architecture (RSA). RSA is the distribution of roots in space and over time. RSA reflects host resource allocation into below-ground organs and patterns of host resource foraging underpinning its resource acquisition capacity. Recent studies have revealed a more comprehensive relationship between hosts and symbionts: the latter can affect host resource acquisition for phosphate and iron, and the symbiont's production of plant growth regulators can enhance host resource flux and abundance. We review the current understanding of the effects of rhizobia-legume symbioses on legume root systems. We focus on resource acquisition and allocation within the host to conceptualize the effect of symbioses on RSA, and highlight opportunities for new directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Concha
- Institute for Molecular Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Doerner
- Institute for Molecular Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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