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Lingelbach K, Gado S, Wirzberger M, Vukelić M. Workload-dependent hemispheric asymmetries during the emotion-cognition interaction: a close-to-naturalistic fNIRS study. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2023; 4:1273810. [PMID: 38234490 PMCID: PMC10790862 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1273810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction We investigated brain activation patterns of interacting emotional distractions and cognitive processes in a close-to-naturalistic functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study. Methods Eighteen participants engaged in a monitoring-control task, mimicking common air traffic controller requirements. The scenario entailed experiencing both low and high workload, while concurrently being exposed to emotional speech distractions of positive, negative, and neutral valence. Results Our investigation identified hemispheric asymmetries in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during the presentation of negative and positive emotional speech distractions at different workload levels. Thereby, in particular, activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) seems to play a crucial role. Brain activation patterns revealed a cross-over interaction indicating workload-dependent left hemispheric inhibition processes during negative distractions and high workload. For positive emotional distractions under low workload, we observed left-hemispheric PFC recruitment potentially associated with speech-related processes. Furthermore, we found a workload-independent negativity bias for neutral distractions, showing brain activation patterns similar to those of negative distractions. Discussion In conclusion, lateralized hemispheric processing, regulating emotional speech distractions and integrating emotional and cognitive processes, is influenced by workload levels and stimulus characteristics. These findings advance our understanding of the factors modulating hemispheric asymmetries during the processing and inhibition of emotional distractions, as well as the interplay between emotion and cognition. Moreover, they emphasize the significance of exploring emotion-cognition interactions in more naturalistic settings to gain a deeper understanding of their implications in real-world application scenarios (e.g., working and learning environments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lingelbach
- Applied Neurocognitive Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
- Applied Neurocognitive Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gado
- Experimental Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Wirzberger
- Department of Teaching and Learning with Intelligent Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Vukelić
- Applied Neurocognitive Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Raaf N, Westerhausen R. Hand preference and the corpus callosum: Is there really no association? NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Bardo A, Filippo A, Balzeau A. Lateralized behaviors in living humans: Application in the context of hominin brain evolution. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 275:143-164. [PMID: 36841567 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The left and right hemispheres of our brains differ subtly in structure, and each is dominant in processing specific cognitive tasks. Our species has a unique system of distributing behavior and cognition between each cerebral hemisphere, with a preponderance of pronounced side biases and lateralized functions. This hemisphere-dependent relationship between cognitive, sensory or motor function and a set of brain structures is called hemispheric specialization. Hemispheric specialization has led to the emergence of model systems to link anatomical asymmetries to brain function and behavior. Scientific research on hemispheric specialization and lateralized functions in living humans focuses on three major domains: (1) hand preferences, (2) language, and (3) visuospatial skills and attention. In this chapter we present an overview of this research with a specific focus on living humans and the applications of this research in the context of hominin brain evolution. Our objective is to put into perspective what we know about brain-behavior relationships in living humans and how we can apply the same methods to investigate this relationship in fossil hominin species, and thus improve our understanding of the emergence and development of complex cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameline Bardo
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France; Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
| | - Andréa Filippo
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- UMR 7194, CNRS-MNHN, Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France; Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium & Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Accelerated atrophy in dopaminergic targets and medial temporo-parietal regions precedes the onset of delusions in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:229-241. [PMID: 35554669 PMCID: PMC9958148 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and delusions have worse quality of life and prognosis. However, early markers of delusions have not been identified yet. The present study investigated whether there are any detectable differences in grey matter (GM) volume and cognitive changes in the year before symptom onset between patients with AD who did and did not develop delusions. Two matched samples of AD patients, 63 who did (PT-D) and 63 who did not develop delusions (PT-ND) over 1 year, were identified from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to assess the presence of delusions. Sixty-three additional matched healthy controls (HC) were selected. Repeated-measures ANCOVA models were used to investigate group-by-time effects on the volume of selected GM regions of interest and on cognitive performance. No neurocognitive differences were observed between patient groups prior to symptom onset. Greater episodic memory decline and GM loss in bilateral caudate nuclei, medio-temporal and midline cingulo-parietal regions were found in the PT-D compared with the PT-ND group. A pattern of faster GM loss in brain areas typically affected by AD and in cortical and subcortical targets of dopaminergic pathways, paralleled by worsening of episodic memory and behavioural symptoms, may explain the emergence of delusions in patients with AD.
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Taking Sides: Asymmetries in the Evolution of Human Brain Development in Better Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Confirmation from structural, functional, and behavioral studies agree and suggest a configuration of atypical lateralization in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). It is suggested that patterns of cortical and behavioral atypicality are evident in individuals with ASDs with atypical lateralization being common in individuals with ASDs. The paper endeavors to better understand the relationship between alterations in typical cortical asymmetries and functional lateralization in ASD in evolutionary terms. We have proposed that both early genetic and/or environmental influences can alter the developmental process of cortical lateralization. There invariably is a “chicken or egg” issue that arises whether atypical cortical anatomy associated with abnormal function, or alternatively whether functional atypicality generates abnormal structure.
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Machine learning of large-scale multimodal brain imaging data reveals neural correlates of hand preference. Neuroimage 2022; 262:119534. [PMID: 35931311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateralization is a fundamental characteristic of many behaviors and the organization of the brain, and atypical lateralization has been suggested to be linked to various brain-related disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Right-handedness is one of the most prominent markers of human behavioural lateralization, yet its neurobiological basis remains to be determined. Here, we present a large-scale analysis of handedness, as measured by self-reported direction of hand preference, and its variability related to brain structural and functional organization in the UK Biobank (N = 36,024). A multivariate machine learning approach with multi-modalities of brain imaging data was adopted, to reveal how well brain imaging features could predict individual's handedness (i.e., right-handedness vs. non-right-handedness) and further identify the top brain signatures that contributed to the prediction. Overall, the results showed a good prediction performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) score of up to 0.72, driven largely by resting-state functional measures. Virtual lesion analysis and large-scale decoding analysis suggested that the brain networks with the highest importance in the prediction showed functional relevance to hand movement and several higher-level cognitive functions including language, arithmetic, and social interaction. Genetic analyses of contributions of common DNA polymorphisms to the imaging-derived handedness prediction score showed a significant heritability (h2=7.55%, p <0.001) that was similar to and slightly higher than that for the behavioural measure itself (h2=6.74%, p <0.001). The genetic correlation between the two was high (rg=0.71), suggesting that the imaging-derived score could be used as a surrogate in genetic studies where the behavioural measure is not available. This large-scale study using multimodal brain imaging and multivariate machine learning has shed new light on the neural correlates of human handedness.
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Cerebral Polymorphisms for Lateralisation: Modelling the Genetic and Phenotypic Architectures of Multiple Functional Modules. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent fMRI and fTCD studies have found that functional modules for aspects of language, praxis, and visuo-spatial functioning, while typically left, left and right hemispheric respectively, frequently show atypical lateralisation. Studies with increasing numbers of modules and participants are finding increasing numbers of module combinations, which here are termed cerebral polymorphisms—qualitatively different lateral organisations of cognitive functions. Polymorphisms are more frequent in left-handers than right-handers, but it is far from the case that right-handers all show the lateral organisation of modules described in introductory textbooks. In computational terms, this paper extends the original, monogenic McManus DC (dextral-chance) model of handedness and language dominance to multiple functional modules, and to a polygenic DC model compatible with the molecular genetics of handedness, and with the biology of visceral asymmetries found in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Distributions of cerebral polymorphisms are calculated for families and twins, and consequences and implications of cerebral polymorphisms are explored for explaining aphasia due to cerebral damage, as well as possible talents and deficits arising from atypical inter- and intra-hemispheric modular connections. The model is set in the broader context of the testing of psychological theories, of issues of laterality measurement, of mutation-selection balance, and the evolution of brain and visceral asymmetries.
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Angebrandt A, Abulseoud OA, Kisner M, Diazgranados N, Momenan R, Yang Y, Stein EA, Ross TJ. Dose-dependent relationship between social drinking and brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 111:71-81. [PMID: 34973470 PMCID: PMC8929531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low-level alcohol consumption is commonly perceived as being inconsequential or even beneficial for overall health, with some reports suggesting that it may protect against dementia or cardiovascular risks. However, these potential benefits do not preclude the concurrent possibility of negative health outcomes related to alcohol consumption. To examine whether casual, non-heavy drinking is associated with premature brain aging, we utilized the Brain-Age Regression Analysis and Computational Utility Software package to predict brain age in a community sample of adults [n = 240, mean age 35.1 (±10.7) years, 48% male, 49% African American]. Accelerated brain aging was operationalized as the difference between predicted and chronological age ("brain age gap"). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between previous 90-day alcohol consumption and brain age gap (β = 0.014, p = 0.023). We replicated these results in an independent cohort [n = 231 adults, mean age 34.3 (±11.1) years, 55% male, 28% African American: β = 0.014, p = 0.002]. Our results suggest that even low-level alcohol consumption is associated with premature brain aging. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexanndra Angebrandt
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Osama A. Abulseoud
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA. Phone: 480-301-8297, Fax: 480-301-6258. (O.A. Abulseoud)
| | - Mallory Kisner
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author at: Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21244, USA. Phone 443-740-2645, Fax 443-740-2734. (T.J. Ross)
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9
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Structural Asymmetries in Normal Brain Anatomy: A Brief Overview. Ann Anat 2022; 241:151894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Chen YC, Arnatkevičiūtė A, McTavish E, Pang JC, Chopra S, Suo C, Fornito A, Aquino KM. The individuality of shape asymmetries of the human cerebral cortex. eLife 2022; 11:75056. [PMID: 36197720 PMCID: PMC9668337 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetries of the cerebral cortex are found across diverse phyla and are particularly pronounced in humans, with important implications for brain function and disease. However, many prior studies have confounded asymmetries due to size with those due to shape. Here, we introduce a novel approach to characterize asymmetries of the whole cortical shape, independent of size, across different spatial frequencies using magnetic resonance imaging data in three independent datasets. We find that cortical shape asymmetry is highly individualized and robust, akin to a cortical fingerprint, and identifies individuals more accurately than size-based descriptors, such as cortical thickness and surface area, or measures of inter-regional functional coupling of brain activity. Individual identifiability is optimal at coarse spatial scales (~37 mm wavelength), and shape asymmetries show scale-specific associations with sex and cognition, but not handedness. While unihemispheric cortical shape shows significant heritability at coarse scales (~65 mm wavelength), shape asymmetries are determined primarily by subject-specific environmental effects. Thus, coarse-scale shape asymmetries are highly personalized, sexually dimorphic, linked to individual differences in cognition, and are primarily driven by stochastic environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Data Futures Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Eugene McTavish
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroyAustralia
| | - James C Pang
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Department of Psychology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Chao Suo
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Kevin M Aquino
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia,School of Physics, University of SydneySydneyAustralia,Center of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, University of SydneySydneyAustralia,BrainKey IncSan FranciscoUnited States
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11
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Mundorf A, Peterburs J, Ocklenburg S. Asymmetry in the Central Nervous System: A Clinical Neuroscience Perspective. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:733898. [PMID: 34970125 PMCID: PMC8712556 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.733898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent large-scale neuroimaging studies suggest that most parts of the human brain show structural differences between the left and the right hemisphere. Such structural hemispheric asymmetries have been reported for both cortical and subcortical structures. Interestingly, many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have been associated with altered functional hemispheric asymmetries. However, findings concerning the relation between structural hemispheric asymmetries and disorders have largely been inconsistent, both within specific disorders as well as between disorders. In the present review, we compare structural asymmetries from a clinical neuroscience perspective across different disorders. We focus especially on recent large-scale neuroimaging studies, to concentrate on replicable effects. With the notable exception of major depressive disorder, all reviewed disorders were associated with distinct patterns of alterations in structural hemispheric asymmetries. While autism spectrum disorder was associated with altered structural hemispheric asymmetries in a broader range of brain areas, most other disorders were linked to more specific alterations in brain areas related to cognitive functions that have been associated with the symptomology of these disorders. The implications of these findings are highlighted in the context of transdiagnostic approaches to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Friedrich P, Patil KR, Mochalski LN, Li X, Camilleri JA, Kröll JP, Wiersch L, Eickhoff SB, Weis S. Is it left or is it right? A classification approach for investigating hemispheric differences in low and high dimensionality. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:425-440. [PMID: 34882263 PMCID: PMC8844166 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetries, i.e., differences between the two halves of the brain, have extensively been studied with respect to both structure and function. Commonly employed pairwise comparisons between left and right are suitable for finding differences between the hemispheres, but they come with several caveats when assessing multiple asymmetries. What is more, they are not designed for identifying the characterizing features of each hemisphere. Here, we present a novel data-driven framework—based on machine learning-based classification—for identifying the characterizing features that underlie hemispheric differences. Using voxel-based morphometry data from two different samples (n = 226, n = 216), we separated the hemispheres along the midline and used two different pipelines: First, for investigating global differences, we embedded the hemispheres into a two-dimensional space and applied a classifier to assess if the hemispheres are distinguishable in their low-dimensional representation. Second, to investigate which voxels show systematic hemispheric differences, we employed two classification approaches promoting feature selection in high dimensions. The two hemispheres were accurately classifiable in both their low-dimensional (accuracies: dataset 1 = 0.838; dataset 2 = 0.850) and high-dimensional (accuracies: dataset 1 = 0.966; dataset 2 = 0.959) representations. In low dimensions, classification of the right hemisphere showed higher precision (dataset 1 = 0.862; dataset 2 = 0.894) compared to the left hemisphere (dataset 1 = 0.818; dataset 2 = 0.816). A feature selection algorithm in the high-dimensional analysis identified voxels that most contribute to accurate classification. In addition, the map of contributing voxels showed a better overlap with moderate to highly lateralized voxels, whereas conventional t test with threshold-free cluster enhancement best resembled the LQ map at lower thresholds. Both the low- and high-dimensional classifiers were capable of identifying the hemispheres in subsamples of the datasets, such as males, females, right-handed, or non-right-handed participants. Our study indicates that hemisphere classification is capable of identifying the hemisphere in their low- and high-dimensional representation as well as delineating brain asymmetries. The concept of hemisphere classifiability thus allows a change in perspective, from asking what differs between the hemispheres towards focusing on the features needed to identify the left and right hemispheres. Taking this perspective on hemispheric differences may contribute to our understanding of what makes each hemisphere special.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Friedrich
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa N Mochalski
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Kröll
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Wiersch
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Weis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Handedness and its genetic influences are associated with structural asymmetries of the cerebral cortex in 31,864 individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2113095118. [PMID: 34785596 PMCID: PMC8617418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113095118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Left-handedness occurs in roughly 10% of people, but whether it involves altered brain anatomy has remained unclear. We measured left to right asymmetry of the cerebral cortex in 28,802 right-handers and 3,062 left-handers. There were small average differences between the two handedness groups in brain regions important for hand control, language, vision, and working memory. Genetic influences on handedness were associated with some of these brain asymmetries, especially of language-related regions. This suggests links between handedness and language during human development and evolution. One implicated gene is NME7, which also affects placement of the visceral organs (heart, liver, etc.) on the left to right body axis—a possible connection between brain and body asymmetries in embryonic development. Roughly 10% of the human population is left-handed, and this rate is increased in some brain-related disorders. The neuroanatomical correlates of hand preference have remained equivocal. We resampled structural brain image data from 28,802 right-handers and 3,062 left-handers (UK Biobank population dataset) to a symmetrical surface template, and mapped asymmetries for each of 8,681 vertices across the cerebral cortex in each individual. Left-handers compared to right-handers showed average differences of surface area asymmetry within the fusiform cortex, the anterior insula, the anterior middle cingulate cortex, and the precentral cortex. Meta-analyzed functional imaging data implicated these regions in executive functions and language. Polygenic disposition to left-handedness was associated with two of these regional asymmetries, and 18 loci previously linked with left-handedness by genome-wide screening showed associations with one or more of these asymmetries. Implicated genes included six encoding microtubule-related proteins: TUBB, TUBA1B, TUBB3, TUBB4A, MAP2, and NME7—mutations in the latter can cause left to right reversal of the visceral organs. There were also two cortical regions where average thickness asymmetry was altered in left-handedness: on the postcentral gyrus and the inferior occipital cortex, functionally annotated with hand sensorimotor and visual roles. These cortical thickness asymmetries were not heritable. Heritable surface area asymmetries of language-related regions may link the etiologies of hand preference and language, whereas nonheritable asymmetries of sensorimotor cortex may manifest as consequences of hand preference.
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14
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Papaioannou A, Kalantzi E, Papageorgiou CC, Korombili K, Bokou A, Pehlivanidis A, Papageorgiou CC, Papaioannou G. Differences in Performance of ASD and ADHD Subjects Facing Cognitive Loads in an Innovative Reasoning Experiment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1531. [PMID: 34827530 PMCID: PMC8615740 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate whether EEG dynamics differ in adults with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders) and ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) compared with healthy subjects during the performance of an innovative cognitive task, Aristotle's valid and invalid syllogisms, and how these differences correlate with brain regions and behavioral data for each subject. We recorded EEGs from 14 scalp electrodes (channels) in 21 adults with ADHD, 21 with ASD, and 21 healthy, normal subjects. The subjects were exposed in a set of innovative cognitive tasks (inducing varying cognitive loads), Aristotle's two types of syllogism mentioned above. A set of 39 questions were given to participants related to valid-invalid syllogisms as well as a separate set of questionnaires, in order to collect a number of demographic and behavioral data, with the aim of detecting shared information with values of a feature extracted from EEG, the multiscale entropy (MSE), in the 14 channels ('brain regions'). MSE, a nonlinear information-theoretic measure of complexity, was computed to extract a feature that quantifies the complexity of the EEG. Behavior-Partial Least Squares Correlation, PLSC, is the method to detect the correlation between two sets of data, brain, and behavioral measures. -PLSC, a variant of PLSC, was applied to build a functional connectivity of the brain regions involved in the reasoning tasks. Graph-theoretic measures were used to quantify the complexity of the functional networks. Based on the results of the analysis described in this work, a mixed 14 × 2 × 3 ANOVA showed significant main effects of group factor and brain region* syllogism factor, as well as a significant brain region* group interaction. There are significant differences between the means of MSE (complexity) values at the 14 channels of the members of the 'pathological' groups of participants, i.e., between ASD and ADHD, while the difference in means of MSE between both ASD and ADHD and that of the control group is not significant. In conclusion, the valid-invalid type of syllogism generates significantly different complexity values, MSE, between ASD and ADHD. The complexity of activated brain regions of ASD participants increased significantly when switching from a valid to an invalid syllogism, indicating the need for more resources to 'face' the task escalating difficulty in ASD subjects. This increase is not so evident in both ADHD and control. Statistically significant differences were found also in the behavioral response of ASD and ADHD, compared with those of control subjects, based on the principal brain and behavior saliences extracted by PLSC. Specifically, two behavioral measures, the emotional state and the degree of confidence of participants in answering questions in Aristotle's valid-invalid syllogisms, and one demographic variable, age, statistically and significantly discriminate the three groups' ASD. The seed-PLC generated functional connectivity networks for ASD, ADHD, and control, were 'projected' on the regions of the Default Mode Network (DMN), the 'reference' connectivity, of which the structural changes were found significant in distinguishing the three groups. The contribution of this work lies in the examination of the relationship between brain activity and behavioral responses of healthy and 'pathological' participants in the case of cognitive reasoning of the type of Aristotle's valid and invalid syllogisms, using PLSC, a machine learning approach combined with MSE, a nonlinear method of extracting a feature based on EEGs that captures a broad spectrum of EEGs linear and nonlinear characteristics. The results seem promising in adopting this type of reasoning, in the future, after further enhancements and experimental tests, as a supplementary instrument towards examining the differences in brain activity and behavioral responses of ASD and ADHD patients. The application of the combination of these two methods, after further elaboration and testing as new and complementary to the existing ones, may be considered as a tool of analysis in helping detecting more effectively such types of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
- Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Papagou, 15601 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kalantzi
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | | | - Kalliopi Korombili
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Anastasia Bokou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Artemios Pehlivanidis
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Charalabos C. Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
- Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Papagou, 15601 Athens, Greece
| | - George Papaioannou
- Center for Research of Nonlinear Systems (CRANS), Department of Mathematics, University of Patras, 26500 Patra, Greece;
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15
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Lubben N, Ensink E, Coetzee GA, Labrie V. The enigma and implications of brain hemispheric asymmetry in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab211. [PMID: 34557668 PMCID: PMC8454206 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateralization of the human brain may provide clues into the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Though differing in their presentation and underlying pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases are all devastating and share an intriguing theme of asymmetrical pathology and clinical symptoms. Parkinson’s disease, with its distinctive onset of motor symptoms on one side of the body, stands out in this regard, but a review of the literature reveals asymmetries in several other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the lateralization of the structure and function of the healthy human brain and the common genetic and epigenetic patterns contributing to the development of asymmetry in health and disease. We specifically examine the role of asymmetry in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, and interrogate whether these imbalances may reveal meaningful clues about the origins of these diseases. We also propose several hypotheses for how lateralization may contribute to the distinctive and enigmatic features of asymmetry in neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a role for asymmetry in the choroid plexus, neurochemistry, protein distribution, brain connectivity and the vagus nerve. Finally, we suggest how future studies may reveal novel insights into these diseases through the lens of asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Lubben
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ensink
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Viviane Labrie
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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16
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Handedness Does Not Impact Inhibitory Control, but Movement Execution and Reactive Inhibition Are More under a Left-Hemisphere Control. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13091602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between handedness, laterality, and inhibitory control is a valuable benchmark for testing the hypothesis of the right-hemispheric specialization of inhibition. According to this theory, and given that to stop a limb movement, it is sufficient to alter the activity of the contralateral hemisphere, then suppressing a left arm movement should be faster than suppressing a right-arm movement. This is because, in the latter case, inhibitory commands produced in the right hemisphere should be sent to the other hemisphere. Further, as lateralization of cognitive functions in left-handers is less pronounced than in right-handers, in the former, the inhibitory control should rely on both hemispheres. We tested these predictions on a medium-large sample of left- and right-handers (n = 52). Each participant completed two sessions of the reaching versions of the stop-signal task, one using the right arm and one using the left arm. We found that reactive and proactive inhibition do not differ according to handedness. However, we found a significant advantage of the right versus the left arm in canceling movements outright. By contrast, there were no differences in proactive inhibition. As we also found that participants performed movements faster with the right than with the left arm, we interpret our results in light of the dominant role of the left hemisphere in some aspects of motor control.
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17
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Olivo G, Nilsson J, Garzón B, Lebedev A, Wåhlin A, Tarassova O, Ekblom MM, Lövdén M. Higher VO 2max is associated with thicker cortex and lower grey matter blood flow in older adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16724. [PMID: 34408221 PMCID: PMC8373929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VO2max (maximal oxygen consumption), a validated measure of aerobic fitness, has been associated with better cerebral artery compliance and measures of brain morphology, such as higher cortical thickness (CT) in frontal, temporal and cingular cortices, and larger grey matter volume (GMV) of the middle temporal gyrus, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate cortex. Single sessions of physical exercise can promptly enhance cognitive performance and brain activity during executive tasks. However, the immediate effects of exercise on macro-scale properties of the brain’s grey matter remain unclear. We investigated the impact of one session of moderate-intensity physical exercise, compared with rest, on grey matter volume, cortical thickness, working memory performance, and task-related brain activity in older adults. Cross-sectional associations between brain measures and VO2max were also tested. Exercise did not induce statistically significant changes in brain activity, grey matter volume, or cortical thickness. Cardiovascular fitness, measured by VO2max, was associated with lower grey matter blood flow in the left hippocampus and thicker cortex in the left superior temporal gyrus. Cortical thickness was reduced at post-test independent of exercise/rest. Our findings support that (1) fitter individuals may need lower grey matter blood flow to meet metabolic oxygen demand, and (2) have thicker cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Olivo
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Haraldsgatan 1, 413 14, Göteborg, Sweden. .,Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonna Nilsson
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamín Garzón
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Haraldsgatan 1, 413 14, Göteborg, Sweden.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Lebedev
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockhom, Sweden
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Haraldsgatan 1, 413 14, Göteborg, Sweden.,Aging Research Center (ARC), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Broca's area and the search for anatomical asymmetry: commentary and perspectives. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:441-449. [PMID: 34390415 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a brief commentary on the field's search for an anatomical asymmetry between Broca's area and its homologue in the non-dominant hemisphere, focusing on a selection of studies, including research from the last decade. We demonstrate that, several years after the influential review of Keller and colleagues from 2009, and despite recent advances in neuroimaging, the existence of a structural asymmetry of Broca's area is still controversial. This is especially the case for studies of the macroanatomy of this region. We point out the inconsistencies in methodology across studies that could account for the discrepancy in results. Investigations of the microstructure of Broca's area show a trend of a leftward asymmetry, but it is still unclear how these results relate to language dominance. We suggest that it may be necessary to combine multiple metrics in a systematic manner to find robust asymmetries and to expand the regional scope of structural investigations. Finally, based on the current state of the literature, we should not rule out the possibility that language dominance may simply not be reflected in local anatomical differences in the brain.
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19
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Ocklenburg S, Metzen D, Schlüter C, Fraenz C, Arning L, Streit F, Güntürkün O, Kumsta R, Genç E. Polygenic scores for handedness and their association with asymmetries in brain structure. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:515-527. [PMID: 34235564 PMCID: PMC8844179 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Handedness is the most widely investigated motor preference in humans. The genetics of handedness and especially the link between genetic variation, brain structure, and right-left preference have not been investigated in detail. Recently, several well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on handedness have been published, significantly advancing the understanding of the genetic determinants of left and right-handedness. In the present study, we estimated polygenic scores (PGS) of handedness-based on the GWAS by de Kovel and Francks (Sci Rep 9: 5986, 2019) in an independent validation cohort (n = 296). PGS reflect the sum effect of trait-associated alleles across many genetic loci. For the first time, we could show that these GWAS-based PGS are significantly associated with individual handedness lateralization quotients in an independent validation cohort. Additionally, we investigated whether handedness-derived polygenic scores are associated with asymmetries in gray matter macrostructure across the whole brain determined using magnetic resonance imaging. None of these associations reached significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Our results implicate that PGS obtained from large-scale handedness GWAS are significantly associated with individual handedness in smaller validation samples with more detailed phenotypic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Metzen
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlüter
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraenz
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Kumsta
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Dortmund, Germany
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20
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Huber KB, Marsolek CJ. Do cerebral motivational asymmetries mediate the relationship between handedness and personality? Laterality 2021; 27:21-56. [PMID: 34238115 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2021.1942483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Handedness has long been tied to personality, but detailed explanations for the association are lacking. Importantly for purposes of theory development, measures of approach and withdrawal associated with Big Five personality traits have also been traced back to activity in brain areas that relate to handedness. Specifically, increased right-hemisphere frontal activity appears to be linked to both withdrawal motivation and left/inconsistent-handedness, while increased left-hemisphere frontal activity is associated with approach motivation and right/consistent-handedness. Cerebral motivational asymmetries therefore present one plausible mechanism by which approach and withdrawal motivation could mediate the relationship between handedness and personality. We tested this possibility in a large online study (N = 499) in which participants completed multiple survey measures. Results indicated that approach/withdrawal motivation partially accounts for relationships between handedness and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie B Huber
- Psychological Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chad J Marsolek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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21
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Quality control strategies for brain MRI segmentation and parcellation: Practical approaches and recommendations - insights from the Maastricht study. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118174. [PMID: 34000406 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control of brain segmentation is a fundamental step to ensure data quality. Manual quality control strategies are the current gold standard, although these may be unfeasible for large neuroimaging samples. Several options for automated quality control have been proposed, providing potential time efficient and reproducible alternatives. However, those have never been compared side to side, which prevents consensus in the appropriate quality control strategy to use. This study aimed to elucidate the changes manual editing of brain segmentations produce in morphological estimates, and to analyze and compare the effects of different quality control strategies on the reduction of the measurement error. Structural brain MRI from 259 participants of The Maastricht Study were used. Morphological estimates were automatically extracted using FreeSurfer 6.0. Segmentations with inaccuracies were manually edited, and morphological estimates were compared before and after editing. In parallel, 12 quality control strategies were applied to the full sample. Those included: two manual strategies, in which images were visually inspected and either excluded or manually edited; five automated strategies, where outliers were excluded based on the tools "MRIQC" and "Qoala-T", and the metrics "morphological global measures", "Euler numbers" and "Contrast-to-Noise ratio"; and five semi-automated strategies, where the outliers detected through the mentioned tools and metrics were not excluded, but visually inspected and manually edited. In order to quantify the effects of each quality control strategy, the proportion of unexplained variance relative to the total variance was extracted after the application of each strategy, and the resulting differences compared. Manually editing brain surfaces produced particularly large changes in subcortical brain volumes and moderate changes in cortical surface area, thickness and hippocampal volumes. The performance of the quality control strategies depended on the morphological measure of interest. Overall, manual quality control strategies yielded the largest reduction in relative unexplained variance. The best performing automated alternatives were those based on Euler numbers and MRIQC scores. The exclusion of outliers based on global morphological measures produced an increase of relative unexplained variance. Manual quality control strategies are the most reliable solution for quality control of brain segmentation and parcellation. However, measures must be taken to prevent the subjectivity associated with these strategies. The detection of inaccurate segmentations based on Euler numbers or MRIQC provides a time efficient and reproducible alternative. The exclusion of outliers based on global morphological estimates must be avoided.
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22
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Examination and Comparison of Theta Band Connectivity in Left- and Right-Hand Dominant Individuals throughout a Motor Skill Acquisition. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the population identifies as right-hand dominant, with a minority 10.6% identifying as left-hand dominant. Social factors may partially skew the distribution, but it remains that left-hand dominant individuals make up approximately 40 million people in the United States alone and yet, remain underrepresented in the motor control literature. Recent research has revealed behavioral and neurological differences between populations, therein overturning assumptions of a simple hemispheric flip in motor-related activations. The present work showed differentially adaptable motor programs between populations and found fundamental differences in methods of skill acquisition highlighting underlying neural strategies unique to each population. Difference maps and descriptive metrics of coherent activation patterns showed differences in how theta oscillations were utilized. The right-hand group relied on occipital parietal lobe connectivity for visual information integration necessary to inform the motor task, while the left-hand group relied on a more frontal lobe localized cognitive based approach. The findings provide insight into potential alternative methods of information integration and emphasize the importance for inclusion of the left-hand dominant population in the growing conceptualization of the brain promoting the generation of a more complete, stable, and accurate understanding of our complex biology.
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23
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Li X, Zhao P, Qiu X, Lv H, Ding H, Yang Z, Gong S, Wang Z. Altered cerebral blood flow in patients with unilateral venous pulsatile tinnitus: an arterial spin labeling study. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20200990. [PMID: 33733819 PMCID: PMC8010559 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Abnormal neuronal activity and functional connectivity have been reported in patients with venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT). As neuronal activity is closely coupled to regional brain perfusion, the purpose of this study was to investigate the cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in patients with unilateral venous PT using arterial spin labeling (ASL). Methods: This study included patients with right-sided PT between January 2018 and July 2019. A healthy control (HC) group matched 1:1 for gender and age was also recruited. All subjects underwent ASL scanning using 3.0T MRI. The correlation between altered CBF and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score as well as PT duration was analyzed. Results Twenty-one patients with right-sided PT and 21 HCs were included. The mean PT duration of the patients was 35.9 ± 32.2 months, and the mean THI score was 64.1 ± 20.3. Compared with the HCs, the PT patients exhibited increased CBF in the left inferior parietal gyrus and decreased CBF in the bilateral lingual gyrus (family-wise error corrected, p < 0.05). The increased CBF in the left inferior parietal gyrus showed a positive correlation with the THI score in PT patients (r = 0.501, p = 0.021). Conclusions PT patients exhibit regional CBF alterations. The increased CBF in the left inferior parietal gyrus may reflect the severity of PT. Advances in knowledge: This study not only presents evidence for the potential neuropathology of PT from the perspective of CBF alterations but also offers a new method for investigating the neuropathological mechanism of PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heyu Ding
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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Guadalupe T, Kong XZ, Akkermans SEA, Fisher SE, Francks C. Relations between hemispheric asymmetries of grey matter and auditory processing of spoken syllables in 281 healthy adults. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:561-572. [PMID: 33502621 PMCID: PMC8844177 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most people have a right-ear advantage for the perception of spoken syllables, consistent with left hemisphere dominance for speech processing. However, there is considerable variation, with some people showing left-ear advantage. The extent to which this variation is reflected in brain structure remains unclear. We tested for relations between hemispheric asymmetries of auditory processing and of grey matter in 281 adults, using dichotic listening and voxel-based morphometry. This was the largest study of this issue to date. Per-voxel asymmetry indexes were derived for each participant following registration of brain magnetic resonance images to a template that was symmetrized. The asymmetry index derived from dichotic listening was related to grey matter asymmetry in clusters of voxels corresponding to the amygdala and cerebellum lobule VI. There was also a smaller, non-significant cluster in the posterior superior temporal gyrus, a region of auditory cortex. These findings contribute to the mapping of asymmetrical structure–function links in the human brain and suggest that subcortical structures should be investigated in relation to hemispheric dominance for speech processing, in addition to auditory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio Guadalupe
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiang-Zhen Kong
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sophie E A Akkermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Xiang L, Crow TJ, Hopkins WD, Roberts N. Comparison of Surface Area and Cortical Thickness Asymmetry in the Human and Chimpanzee Brain. Cereb Cortex 2020; 34:bhaa202. [PMID: 33026423 PMCID: PMC10859246 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative study of the structural asymmetry of the human and chimpanzee brain may shed light on the evolution of language and other cognitive abilities in humans. Here we report the results of vertex-wise and ROI-based analyses that compared surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) asymmetries in 3D MR images obtained for 91 humans and 77 chimpanzees. The human brain is substantially more asymmetric than the chimpanzee brain. In particular, the human brain has 1) larger total SA in the right compared with the left cerebral hemisphere, 2) a global torque-like asymmetry pattern of widespread thicker cortex in the left compared with the right frontal and the right compared with the left temporo-parieto-occipital lobe, and 3) local asymmetries, most notably in medial occipital cortex and superior temporal gyrus, where rightward asymmetry is observed for both SA and CT. There is also 4) a prominent asymmetry specific to the chimpanzee brain, namely, rightward CT asymmetry of precentral cortex. These findings provide evidence of there being substantial differences in asymmetry between the human and chimpanzee brain. The unique asymmetries of the human brain are potential neural substrates for cognitive specializations, and the presence of significant CT asymmetry of precentral gyrus in the chimpanzee brain should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Timothy J Crow
- POWIC, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - William D Hopkins
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Neil Roberts
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Ecevitoglu A, Soyman E, Canbeyli R, Unal G. Paw preference is associated with behavioural despair and spatial reference memory in male rats. Behav Processes 2020; 180:104254. [PMID: 32961284 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Paw preference, one of the well-studied behavioural markers of asymmetry, has been associated with affective states and pathologies such as behavioural despair, a rodent model of clinical depression. However, a consistent differential effect of paw preference has not been observed for cognitive functions. In order to investigate the affective properties of paw preference together with its potential cognitive effects, we grouped male Wistar rats as left- or right-pawed, and tested them in the forced swim test and Morris water maze for behavioural despair and spatial memory performance, respectively. We found that left-pawed rats were significantly more susceptible to behavioural despair, while spatial learning performance of the two groups were not different over a five-day Morris water maze task. Left-pawed rats, however, displayed a better reference memory than the right-pawed ones on the subsequent probe trial when the hidden platform of the maze was removed. These findings indicate paw preference as a vulnerability factor for behavioural despair and reveal a previously unknown association between left-paw preference and reference memory performance as assessed in the probe trial of the Morris water maze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Ecevitoglu
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Efe Soyman
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Resit Canbeyli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunes Unal
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Pizzagalli F, Auzias G, Yang Q, Mathias SR, Faskowitz J, Boyd JD, Amini A, Rivière D, McMahon KL, de Zubicaray GI, Martin NG, Mangin JF, Glahn DC, Blangero J, Wright MJ, Thompson PM, Kochunov P, Jahanshad N. The reliability and heritability of cortical folds and their genetic correlations across hemispheres. Commun Biol 2020; 3:510. [PMID: 32934300 PMCID: PMC7493906 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical folds help drive the parcellation of the human cortex into functionally specific regions. Variations in the length, depth, width, and surface area of these sulcal landmarks have been associated with disease, and may be genetically mediated. Before estimating the heritability of sulcal variation, the extent to which these metrics can be reliably extracted from in-vivo MRI must be established. Using four independent test-retest datasets, we found high reliability across the brain (intraclass correlation interquartile range: 0.65-0.85). Heritability estimates were derived for three family-based cohorts using variance components analysis and pooled (total N > 3000); the overall sulcal heritability pattern was correlated to that derived for a large population cohort (N > 9000) calculated using genomic complex trait analysis. Overall, sulcal width was the most heritable metric, and earlier forming sulci showed higher heritability. The inter-hemispheric genetic correlations were high, yet select sulci showed incomplete pleiotropy, suggesting hemisphere-specific genetic influences.
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Grants
- P41 EB015922 NIBIB NIH HHS
- R01 EB015611 NIBIB NIH HHS
- P01 AG026276 NIA NIH HHS
- R21 NS064534 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 MH078111 NIMH NIH HHS
- R01 HD050735 NICHD NIH HHS
- R01 NS056307 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 MH121246 NIMH NIH HHS
- P50 MH071616 NIMH NIH HHS
- R03 EB012461 NIBIB NIH HHS
- R01 AG059874 NIA NIH HHS
- U24 RR021382 NCRR NIH HHS
- P30 AG066444 NIA NIH HHS
- P01 AG003991 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG005681 NIA NIH HHS
- U54 EB020403 NIBIB NIH HHS
- R01 MH117601 NIMH NIH HHS
- U54 MH091657 NIMH NIH HHS
- R01 AG021910 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 MH078143 NIMH NIH HHS
- P41 RR015241 NCRR NIH HHS
- S10 OD023696 NIH HHS
- R01 MH083824 NIMH NIH HHS
- This research was funded in part by NIH ENIGMA Center grant U54 EB020403, supported by the Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Centers of Excellence program funded by a cross-NIH initiative. Additional grant support was provided by: R01 AG059874, R01 MH117601, R01 MH121246, and P41 EB015922. QTIM was supported by NIH R01 HD050735, and the NHMRC 486682, Australia; GOBS: Financial support for this study was provided by the National Institute of Mental Health grants MH078143 (PI: DC Glahn), MH078111 (PI: J Blangero), and MH083824 (PI: DC Glahn & J Blangero); HCP data were provided [in part] by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium (Principal Investigators: David Van Essen and Kamil Ugurbil; 1U54MH091657) funded by the 16 NIH Institutes and Centers that support the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research; and by the McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience at Washington University; UK Biobank: This research was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number ‘11559’; BrainVISA’s Morphologist software development received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under Grant Agreement No 720270 & 785907 (Human Brain ProjectSGA1 & SGA2), and by the FRM DIC20161236445. OASIS: Cross-Sectional: Principal Investigators: D. Marcus, R. Buckner, J. Csernansky J. Morris; P50 AG05681, P01 AG03991, P01 AG026276, R01 AG021910, P20 MH071616, U24 RR021382. KKI was supported by NIH grants NCRR P41 RR015241 (Peter C.M. van Zijl), 1R01NS056307 (Jerry Prince), 1R21NS064534-01A109 (Bennett A. Landman/Jerry L. Prince), 1R03EB012461-01 (Bennett A. Landman). Neda Jahanshad and Paul Thompson are MPIs of a research project grant from Biogen, Inc. (PO 969323).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR7289, Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Qifan Yang
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joshua Faskowitz
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Boyd
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Armand Amini
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Denis Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CATI, Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, Paris, France
| | - Katie L McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | | | - Jean-François Mangin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CATI, Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, Paris, France
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
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28
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Baudou E, Nemmi F, Biotteau M, Maziero S, Assaiante C, Cignetti F, Vaugoyeau M, Audic F, Peran P, Chaix Y. Are morphological and structural MRI characteristics related to specific cognitive impairments in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) children? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 28:89-100. [PMID: 32893091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NF1 children have cognitive disorders, especially in executive functions, visuospatial, and language domains, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which are still poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS A correlation study was performed from neuropsychological assessments and brain MRIs of 38 NF1 patients and 42 controls, all right-handed, aged 8-12 years and matched in age and gender. The most discriminating neuropsychological tests were selected to assess their visuospatial, metaphonological and visuospatial working memory abilities. The MRI analyses focused on the presence and location of Unidentified Bright Objects (UBOs) (1), volume analysis (2) and diffusion analysis (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) (3) of the regions of interest including subcortical structures and posterior fossa, as well as shape analysis of subcortical structures (4). The level of attention, intelligence quotient, age and gender of the patients were taken into account in the statistical analysis. Then, we studied how diffusion and volumes parameters were associated with neuropsychological characteristics in NF1 children. RESULTS NF1 children present different brain imaging characteristics compared to the control such as (1) UBOs in 68%, (2) enlarged total intracranial volume, involving all subcortical structures, especially thalamus, (3) increased MD and decreased FA in thalamus, corpus callosum and hippocampus. These alterations are diffuse, without shape involvement. In NF1 group, brain microstructure is all the more altered that volumes are enlarged. However, we fail to find a link between these brain characteristics and neurocognitive scores. CONCLUSION While NF1 patients have obvious pathological brain characteristics, the neuronal substrates of their cognitive deficits are still not fully understood, perhaps due to complex and multiple pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder, as suggested by the heterogeneity observed in our study. However, our results are compatible with an interpretation of NF1 as a diffuse white matter disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Baudou
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.
| | - Federico Nemmi
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Maëlle Biotteau
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Stéphanie Maziero
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Christine Assaiante
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Cignetti
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Vaugoyeau
- CNRS, LNC, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Frederique Audic
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, CHU, Timone-Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Peran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France; ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
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29
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Unmasking the relevance of hemispheric asymmetries—Break on through (to the other side). Prog Neurobiol 2020; 192:101823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Jin SH, Lee SH, Yang ST, An J. Hemispheric asymmetry in hand preference of right-handers for passive vibrotactile perception: an fNIRS study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13423. [PMID: 32770115 PMCID: PMC7414115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetry in hand preference for passive cutaneous perception compared to active haptic perception is not well known. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the laterality of cortical facilitation when 31 normal right-handed participants were involved in 205 Hz passive vibrotactile cutaneous stimuli on their index fingers of preferred and less-preferred hand. Passive cutaneous perception resulted that preferred (right) hand stimulation was strongly leftward lateralized, whereas less-preferred (left) hand stimulation was less lateralized. This confirms that other manual haptic exploration studies described a higher hemispheric asymmetry in right-handers. Stronger cortical facilitation was found in the right primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and right somatosensory association area (SA) during left-hand stimulation but not right-hand stimulation. This finding suggests that the asymmetric activation in the S1 and SA for less-preferred (left) hand stimulation might contribute to considerably reinforce sensorimotor network just with passive vibrotactile cutaneous stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeon Jin
- Division of Intelligent Robot, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Institute of Global Health Technology, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinung An
- Division of Intelligent Robot, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Abstract
The development and persistence of laterality is a key feature of human motor behavior, with the asymmetry of hand use being the most prominent. The idea that asymmetrical functions of the hands reflect asymmetries in terms of structural and functional brain organization has been tested many times. However, despite advances in laterality research and increased understanding of this population-level bias, the neural basis of handedness remains elusive. Recent developments in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging enabled the exploration of lateralized motor behavior also in terms of white matter and connectional neuroanatomy. Despite incomplete and partly inconsistent evidence, structural connectivity of both intrahemispheric and interhemispheric white matter seems to differ between left and right-handers. Handedness was related to asymmetry of intrahemispheric pathways important for visuomotor and visuospatial processing (superior longitudinal fasciculus), but not to projection tracts supporting motor execution (corticospinal tract). Moreover, the interindividual variability of the main commissural pathway corpus callosum seems to be associated with handedness. The review highlights the importance of exploring new avenues for the study of handedness and presents the latest state of knowledge that can be used to guide future neuroscientific and genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Budisavljevic
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,The School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Begliomini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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32
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Howells H, Puglisi G, Leonetti A, Vigano L, Fornia L, Simone L, Forkel SJ, Rossi M, Riva M, Cerri G, Bello L. The role of left fronto-parietal tracts in hand selection: Evidence from neurosurgery. Cortex 2020; 128:297-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Horstick EJ, Bayleyen Y, Burgess HA. Molecular and cellular determinants of motor asymmetry in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1170. [PMID: 32127541 PMCID: PMC7054361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetries in motor behavior, such as human hand preference, are observed throughout bilateria. However, neural substrates and developmental signaling pathways that impose underlying functional lateralization on a broadly symmetric nervous system are unknown. Here we report that in the absence of over-riding visual information, zebrafish larvae show intrinsic lateralized motor behavior that is mediated by a cluster of 60 posterior tuberculum (PT) neurons in the forebrain. PT neurons impose motor bias via a projection through the habenular commissure. Acquisition of left/right identity is disrupted by heterozygous mutations in mosaic eyes and mindbomb, genes that regulate Notch signaling. These results define the neuronal substrate for motor asymmetry in a vertebrate and support the idea that haploinsufficiency for genes in a core developmental pathway destabilizes left/right identity. Many animals show individual left/right biases in motor behaviour, but underlying neural substrates have proven elusive. Here the authors describe neurons that maintain individual, context-dependent lateralisation of swimming behaviour in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Horstick
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Yared Bayleyen
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Harold A Burgess
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Packheiser J, Schmitz J, Pan Y, El Basbasse Y, Friedrich P, Güntürkün O, Ocklenburg S. Using Mobile EEG to Investigate Alpha and Beta Asymmetries During Hand and Foot Use. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:109. [PMID: 32116536 PMCID: PMC7033815 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) and the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire (WFQ) are two of the most widely used questionnaires to assess lateralized everyday behavior in human participants. However, it is unclear to what extent the specific behavior assessed in these questionnaires elicit lateralized neural activity when performed in real-life situations. To illuminate this unresolved issue, we assessed EEG alpha and beta asymmetries during real-life performance of the behaviors assessed in the EHI and WFQ using a mobile EEG system. This methodology provides high ecological validity for studying neural correlates of motor behavior under more naturalistic conditions. Our results indicate that behavioral performance of items of both the EHI and WFQ differentiate between left- and right-handers and left- and right-footers on the neural level, especially in the alpha frequency band. These results were unaffected by movement parameters. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that neural activity elicited specifically during left-sided task performance provides predictive power for the EHI or WFQ score of the participants. Overall, our results show that these prominent questionnaires not only distinguish between different motor preferences on the behavioral level, but also on the neurophysiological level. Furthermore, we could show that mobile EEG systems are a powerful tool to investigate motor asymmetries in ecologically valid situations outside of the laboratory setting. Future research should focus on other lateralized behavioral phenotypes in real-life settings to provide more insights into lateralized motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Packheiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Judith Schmitz
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Yaolu Pan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yasmin El Basbasse
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France.,CNRS, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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35
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Carrion-Castillo A, Pepe A, Kong XZ, Fisher SE, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Crivello F, Francks C. Genetic effects on planum temporale asymmetry and their limited relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders, intelligence or educational attainment. Cortex 2019; 124:137-153. [PMID: 31887566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that altered asymmetry of the planum temporale (PT) is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including dyslexia, schizophrenia, and autism. Shared genetic factors have been suggested to link PT asymmetry to these disorders. In a dataset of unrelated subjects from the general population (UK Biobank, N = 18,057), we found that PT volume asymmetry had a significant heritability of roughly 14%. In genome-wide association analysis, two loci were significantly associated with PT asymmetry, including a coding polymorphism within the gene ITIH5 that is predicted to affect the protein's function and to be deleterious (rs41298373, p = 2.01 × 10-15), and a locus that affects the expression of the genes BOK and DTYMK (rs7420166, p = 7.54 × 10-10). DTYMK showed left-right asymmetry of mRNA expression in post mortem PT tissue. Cortex-wide mapping of these SNP effects revealed influences on asymmetry that went somewhat beyond the PT. Using publicly available genome-wide association statistics from large-scale studies, we saw no significant genetic correlations of PT asymmetry with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, educational attainment or intelligence. Of the top two individual loci associated with PT asymmetry, rs41298373 showed a tentative association with intelligence (unadjusted p = .025), while the locus at BOK/DTYMK showed tentative association with educational attainment (unadjusted Ps < .05). These findings provide novel insights into the genetic contributions to human brain asymmetry, but do not support a substantial polygenic association of PT asymmetry with cognitive variation and mental disorders, as far as can be discerned with current sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Carrion-Castillo
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université; de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xiang-Zhen Kong
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université; de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université; de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, et Université; de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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36
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Qi T, Schaadt G, Friederici AD. Cortical thickness lateralization and its relation to language abilities in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 39:100704. [PMID: 31476670 PMCID: PMC6892251 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The humans' brain asymmetry is observed in the early stages of life and known to change further with age. The developmental trajectory of such an asymmetry has been observed for language, as one of the most lateralized cognitive functions. However, it remains unclear how these age-related changes in structural asymmetry are related to changes in language performance. We collected longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging data of children from 5 to 6 years to investigate structural asymmetry development and its linkage to the improvement of language comprehension abilities. Our results showed substantial changes of language performance across time, which were associated with changes of cortical thickness asymmetry in the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), constituting a portion of Broca's area. This suggests that language improvement is influenced by larger cortical thinning in the left triangular IFG compared to the right. This asymmetry in children's brain at age 5 and 6 years was further associated with the language performance at 7 years. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to demonstrate that children's improvement in sentence comprehension seems to depend on structural asymmetry changes in the IFG, further highlighting its crucial role in language acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qi
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gesa Schaadt
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela D Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Wiberg A, Ng M, Al Omran Y, Alfaro-Almagro F, McCarthy P, Marchini J, Bennett DL, Smith S, Douaud G, Furniss D. Handedness, language areas and neuropsychiatric diseases: insights from brain imaging and genetics. Brain 2019; 142:2938-2947. [PMID: 31504236 PMCID: PMC6763735 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety per cent of the human population has been right-handed since the Paleolithic, yet the brain signature and genetic basis of handedness remain poorly characterized. Here, we correlated brain imaging phenotypes from ∼9000 UK Biobank participants with handedness, and with loci found significantly associated with handedness after we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in ∼400 000 of these participants. Our imaging-handedness analysis revealed an increase in functional connectivity between left and right language networks in left-handers. GWAS of handedness uncovered four significant loci (rs199512, rs45608532, rs13017199, and rs3094128), three of which are in-or expression quantitative trait loci of-genes encoding proteins involved in brain development and patterning. These included microtubule-related MAP2 and MAPT, as well as WNT3 and MICB, all implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and schizophrenia. In particular, with rs199512, we identified a common genetic influence on handedness, psychiatric phenotypes, Parkinson's disease, and the integrity of white matter tracts connecting the same language-related regions identified in the handedness-imaging analysis. This study has identified in the general population genome-wide significant loci for human handedness in, and expression quantitative trait loci of, genes associated with brain development, microtubules and patterning. We suggest that these genetic variants contribute to neurodevelopmental lateralization of brain organization, which in turn influences both the handedness phenotype and the predisposition to develop certain neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Wiberg
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Ng
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yasser Al Omran
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul McCarthy
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Smith
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Germann J, Petrides M, Chakravarty MM. Hand preference and local asymmetry in cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellar white matter. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2899-2905. [PMID: 31446466 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hand preference is a striking example of functional lateralization, with 90% of the population preferentially using their right hand. However, the search for brain structural correlates of this lateralization has produced inconsistent results. While large-scale neuroimaging studies using automated methods have largely failed to find local anatomical asymmetries associated with hand preference, other studies identifying specific motor regions have been able to find local morphological and functional differences. The present study looked at brain asymmetries in the brain's motor system using established cortical landmarks to identify the somatomotor hand region and extracted regional volumes of subcortical and cerebellar regions. Our results showed a strong left-right asymmetry in the cortical hand region, with weaker asymmetries appearing in the striatum and cerebellar white matter. Such asymmetries were much more pronounced in right-handers, whereas much weaker or absent lateralizing effects were observed in left-handed subjects. This study demonstrates the importance of local landmarks in studying individual anatomical differences. More generally, establishing structural correlates of hand preference is important, as this could further establish the origins of cerebral lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Germann
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Michael Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Handedness Side and Magnetization Transfer Ratio in the Primary Sensorimotor Cortex Central Sulcus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5610849. [PMID: 31467897 PMCID: PMC6699472 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5610849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Left-handers show lower asymmetry in manual ability when compared to right-handers. Unlike right-handers, left-handers do not show larger deactivation of the ipsilateral primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex on functional magnetic resonance imaging when moving their dominant than their nondominant hand. However, it should be noted that morphometric MRI studies have reported no differences between right-handers and left-handers in volume, thickness, or surface area of the SM1 cortex. In this regard, magnetization transfer (MT) imaging is a technique with the potential to provide information on microstructural organization and macromolecular content of tissue. In particular, MT ratio index of the brain gray matter is assumed to reflect the variable content of afferent or efferent myelinated fibers, with higher MT ratio values being associated with increased fibers number or degree of myelination. The aim of this study was hence to assess, for the first time, through quantitative MT ratio measurements, potential differences in microstructural organization/characteristics of SM1 cortex between left- and right-handers, which could underlay handedness side. Nine left-handed and 9 right-handed healthy subjects, as determined by the Edinburgh handedness inventory, were examined with T1-weighted and MT-weighted imaging on a 3 T scanner. The hands of subjects were kept still during all acquisitions. Using FreeSurfer suite and the automatic anatomical labeling parcellations defined by the Destrieux atlas, we measured MT ratio, as well as cortical thickness, in three regions of interests corresponding to the precentral gyrus, the central sulcus, and the postcentral gyrus in the bilateral SM1 cortex. No significant difference between left- and right-handers was revealed in the thickness of the three partitions of the SM1 cortex. However, left-handers showed a significantly (p = 0.007) lower MT ratio (31.92% ± 0.96%) in the right SM1 central sulcus (i.e., the hand representation area for left-handers) as compared to right-handers (33.28% ± 0.94%). The results of this preliminary study indicate that quantitative MT imaging, unlike conventional morphometric MRI measurements, can be a useful tool to reveal, in SM1 cortex, potential microstructural correlates of handedness side.
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Solis-Urra P, Olivares-Arancibia J, Suarez-Cadenas E, Sanchez-Martinez J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Ortega FB, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Castro-Piñero J, Veloz A, Chabert S, Saradangani KP, Zavala-Crichton JP, Migueles JH, Mora-Gonzalez J, Quiroz-Escobar M, Almonte-Espinoza D, Urzúa A, Dragicevic CD, Astudillo A, Méndez-Gassibe E, Riquelme-Uribe D, Azagra MJ, Cristi-Montero C. Study protocol and rationale of the "Cogni-action project" a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:260. [PMID: 31349791 PMCID: PMC6659252 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the education field. The Cogni-Action Project is divided into two stages, a cross-sectional study and a crossover-randomized trial. The aim of the first part is to establish the associations of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness with brain structure and function, cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean schoolchildren (10-13 years-old). The aim of the second part is to determinate the acute effects of three PA protocols on neuroelectric indices during a working memory and a reading task. METHODS PA and sedentarism will be self-reported and objectively-assessed with accelerometers in a representative subsample, whilst physical fitness will be evaluated through the ALPHA fitness test battery. Brain structure and function will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a randomized subsample. Cognitive performance will be assessed through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, and academic achievement by school grades. In the second part 32 adolescents (12-13 year-old) will be cross-over randomized to these condition (i) "Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training" (MICT), (ii) "Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training" (C-HIIT), and (iii) Sedentary condition. Neuroelectric indices will be measures by electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking, working memory by n-back task and reading comprehension by a reading task. DISCUSSION The main strength of this project is that, to our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the potential association of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness on brain structure and function, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a developing country, which presents an important sociocultural gap. For this purpose, this project will use advanced technologies in neuroimaging (MRI), electrophysiology (EEG), and eye-tracking, as well as objective and quality measurements of several physical and cognitive health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03894241 Date of register: March 28, 2019. Retrospectively Registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Solis-Urra
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences of Sport and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Physical Education School, Universidad de Las Américas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | | | - Javier Sanchez-Martinez
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- Departament of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto real, Spain
| | - Alejandro Veloz
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- CINGS, Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Steren Chabert
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- CINGS, Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Kabir P. Saradangani
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jairo H. Migueles
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Alfonso Urzúa
- School of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Constantino D. Dragicevic
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Auditory and Cognition Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aland Astudillo
- CINGS, Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Daniel Riquelme-Uribe
- Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillan, Chile
- Center for Research, Development and Innovation APLICAE, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Jarpa Azagra
- School of Pedagogy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Viña del Mar, Chile
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41
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Berretz G, Arning L, Gerding WM, Friedrich P, Fraenz C, Schlüter C, Epplen JT, Güntürkün O, Beste C, Genç E, Ocklenburg S. Structural Asymmetry in the Frontal and Temporal Lobes Is Associated with PCSK6 VNTR Polymorphism. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7765-7773. [PMID: 31115778 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nodal cascade influences the development of bodily asymmetries in humans and other vertebrates. The gene PCSK6 has shown a regulatory function during left-right axis formation and is therefore thought to influence bodily left-right asymmetries. However, it is not clear if variation in this gene is also associated with structural asymmetries in the brain. We genotyped an intronic 33bp PCSK6 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism that has been associated with handedness in a cohort of healthy adults. We acquired T1-weighted structural MRI images of 320 participants and defined cortical surface and thickness for each HCP region. The results demonstrate a significant association between PCSK6 VNTR genotypes and gray matter asymmetry in the superior temporal sulcus, which is involved in voice perception. Heterozygous individuals who carry a short (≤ 6 repeats) and a long (≥ 9 repeats) PCSK6 VNTR allele show stronger rightward asymmetry. Further associations were evident in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Here, individuals homozygous for short alleles show a more pronounced asymmetry. This shows that PCSK6, a gene that has been implicated in the ontogenesis of bodily asymmetries by regulating the nodal cascade, is also relevant for structural asymmetries in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Berretz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Room: IB 6/109, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wanda M Gerding
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Room: IB 6/109, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraenz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Room: IB 6/109, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlüter
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Room: IB 6/109, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg T Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Faculty of Health, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Room: IB 6/109, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Psychology, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Room: IB 6/109, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Room: IB 6/109, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Guo J, Han Y, Li Y, Reddick WE. Reduced brain microstructural asymmetry in patients with childhood leukemia treated with chemotherapy compared with healthy controls. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216554. [PMID: 31071157 PMCID: PMC6508708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructural asymmetry of the brain can provide more direct causal explanations of functional lateralization than can macrostructural asymmetry. We performed a cross-sectional diffusion imaging study of 314 patients treated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at a single institution and 92 healthy controls. An asymmetry index based on diffusion metrics was computed to quantify brain microstructural asymmetry. The effects of age and the asymmetry metrics of the two cohorts were examined with t-tests and linear models. We discovered two new types of microstructural asymmetry. Myelin-related asymmetry in controls was prominent in the back brain (89% right), whereas axon-related asymmetry occurred in the front brain (67% left) and back brain (88% right). These asymmetries indicate that white matter is more mature and more myelinated in the left back brain, potentially explaining the leftward lateralization of language and visual functions. The asymmetries increase throughout childhood and adolescence (P = 0.04) but were significantly less in patients treated for ALL (P<0.01), especially in younger patients. Our results indicate that atypical brain development may appear long before patients treated with chemotherapy become symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Guo
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Wilburn E. Reddick
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
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43
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The neurophysiological correlates of handedness: Insights from the lateralized readiness potential. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Schmitz J, Fraenz C, Schlüter C, Friedrich P, Jung RE, Güntürkün O, Genç E, Ocklenburg S. Hemispheric asymmetries in cortical gray matter microstructure identified by neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. Neuroimage 2019; 189:667-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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45
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A large-scale population study of early life factors influencing left-handedness. Sci Rep 2019; 9:584. [PMID: 30679750 PMCID: PMC6345846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand preference is a conspicuous variation in human behaviour, with a worldwide proportion of around 90% of people preferring to use the right hand for many tasks, and 10% the left hand. We used the large cohort of the UK biobank (~500,000 participants) to study possible relations between early life factors and adult hand preference. The probability of being left-handed was affected by the year and location of birth, likely due to cultural effects. In addition, hand preference was affected by birthweight, being part of a multiple birth, season of birth, breastfeeding, and sex, with each effect remaining significant after accounting for all others. Analysis of genome-wide genotype data showed that left-handedness was very weakly heritable, but shared no genetic basis with birthweight. Although on average left-handers and right-handers differed for a number of early life factors, all together these factors had only a minimal predictive value for individual hand preference.
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46
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Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5154-E5163. [PMID: 29764998 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718418115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and intracranial volume. Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (n = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing significant, replicable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.
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47
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Andersen KW, Siebner HR. Mapping dexterity and handedness: recent insights and future challenges. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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48
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Rosch RE, Cowell PE, Gurd JM. Cerebellar Asymmetry and Cortical Connectivity in Monozygotic Twins with Discordant Handedness. THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 17:191-203. [PMID: 29063351 PMCID: PMC5849645 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Handedness differentiates patterns of neural asymmetry and interhemispheric connectivity in cortical systems that underpin manual and language functions. Contemporary models of cerebellar function incorporate complex motor behaviour and higher-order cognition, expanding upon earlier, traditional associations between the cerebellum and motor control. Structural MRI defined cerebellar volume asymmetries and correlations with corpus callosum (CC) size were compared in 19 pairs of adult female monozygotic twins strongly discordant for handedness (MZHd). Volume and asymmetry of cerebellar lobules were obtained using automated parcellation.CC area and regional widths were obtained from midsagittal planimetric measurements. Within the cerebellum and CC, neurofunctional distinctions were drawn between motor and higher-order cognitive systems. Relationships amongst regional cerebellar asymmetry and cortical connectivity (as indicated by CC widths) were investigated. Interactions between hemisphere and handedness in the anterior cerebellum were due to a larger right-greater-than-left hemispheric asymmetry in right-handed (RH) compared to left-handed (LH) twins. In LH twins only, anterior cerebellar lobule volumes (IV, V) for motor control were associated with CC size, particularly in callosal regions associated with motor cortex connectivity. Superior posterior cerebellar lobule volumes (VI, Crus I, Crus II, VIIb) showed no correlation with CC size in either handedness group. These novel results reflected distinct patterns of cerebellar-cortical relationships delineated by specific CC regions and an anterior-posterior cerebellar topographical mapping. Hence, anterior cerebellar asymmetry may contribute to the greater degree of bilateral cortical organisation of frontal motor function in LH individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Rosch
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P E Cowell
- Department of Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, 362 Mushroom Lane, Sheffield, S10 2TS, UK.
| | - J M Gurd
- Department of Human Communication Sciences, University of Sheffield, 362 Mushroom Lane, Sheffield, S10 2TS, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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49
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Cunha AM, Esteves M, das Neves SP, Borges S, Guimarães MR, Sousa N, Almeida A, Leite-Almeida H. Pawedness Trait Test (PaTRaT)-A New Paradigm to Evaluate Paw Preference and Dexterity in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:192. [PMID: 29089877 PMCID: PMC5651527 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In rodents, dexterity is commonly analyzed in preference paradigms in which animals are given the chance to use either the left or the right front paws to manipulate food. However, paw preference and dexterity at population and individual levels are controversial as results are incongruent across paradigms. We have therefore developed a semi-quantitative method—the pawdeness trait test (PaTRaT)—to evaluate paw preference degree in rats. The PaTRaT consists in a classification system, ranging from +4 to −4 where increasingly positive and negative values reflect the bias for left or right paw use, respectively. Sprague-Dawley male rats were confined into a metal rectangular mesh cylinder, from which they can see, smell and reach sugared rewards with their paws. Due to its size, the reward could only cross the mesh if aligned with its diagonal, imposing additional coordination. Animals were allowed to retrieve 10 rewards per session in a total of four sessions while their behavior was recorded. PaTRaT was repeated 4 and 8 weeks after the first evaluation. To exclude potential bias, rats were also tested for paw fine movement and general locomotion in other behavioral paradigms as well as impulsivity (variable delay-to-signal, VDS), memory and cognitive flexibility (water maze). At the population level 54% of the animals presented a rightward bias. Individually, all animals presented marked side-preferences, >2 and <−2 for left- and right-sided bias, respectively, and this preference was stable across the three evaluations. Inter-rater consistency was very high between two experienced raters and substantial when two additional inexperienced raters were included. Left- and right-biased animals presented no differences in the ability to perform fine movements with any of the forelimbs (staircase) and general locomotor performance. Additionally, these groups performed similarly in executive function and memory tasks. In conclusion, PaTRaT is able to reliably classify rats’ pawedness direction and degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Madalena Esteves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia P das Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Borges
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marco R Guimarães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Guadalupe T, Mathias SR, vanErp TGM, Whelan CD, Zwiers MP, Abe Y, Abramovic L, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Arias-Vásquez A, Aribisala BS, Armstrong NJ, Arolt V, Artiges E, Ayesa-Arriola R, Baboyan VG, Banaschewski T, Barker G, Bastin ME, Baune BT, Blangero J, Bokde ALW, Boedhoe PSW, Bose A, Brem S, Brodaty H, Bromberg U, Brooks S, Büchel C, Buitelaar J, Calhoun VD, Cannon DM, Cattrell A, Cheng Y, Conrod PJ, Conzelmann A, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Crivello F, Dannlowski U, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, Deary IJ, Desrivières S, Doan NT, Donohoe G, Dørum ES, Ehrlich S, Espeseth T, Fernández G, Flor H, Fouche JP, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gill M, Suarez AG, Gowland P, Grabe HJ, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Hagenaars S, Hashimoto R, Hauser TU, Heinz A, Hibar DP, Hoekstra PJ, Hoogman M, Howells FM, Hu H, Hulshoff Pol HE, Huyser C, Ittermann B, Jahanshad N, Jönsson EG, Jurk S, Kahn RS, Kelly S, Kraemer B, Kugel H, Kwon JS, Lemaitre H, Lesch KP, Lochner C, Luciano M, Marquand AF, Martin NG, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Martinot JL, Mataix-Cols D, Mather K, McDonald C, McMahon KL, Medland SE, Menchón JM, Morris DW, Mothersill O, Maniega SM, Mwangi B, Nakamae T, Nakao T, Narayanaswaamy JC, Nees F, Nordvik JE, Onnink AMH, Opel N, Ophoff R, Paillère Martinot ML, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Pauli P, Paus T, Poustka L, Reddy JY, Renteria ME, Roiz-Santiáñez R, Roos A, Royle NA, Sachdev P, Sánchez-Juan P, Schmaal L, Schumann G, Shumskaya E, Smolka MN, Soares JC, Soriano-Mas C, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Toro R, Turner JA, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Uhlmann A, Hernández MV, van den Heuvel OA, van der Meer D, van Haren NEM, Veltman DJ, Venkatasubramanian G, Vetter NC, Vuletic D, Walitza S, Walter H, Walton E, Wang Z, Wardlaw J, Wen W, Westlye LT, Whelan R, Wittfeld K, Wolfers T, Wright MJ, Xu J, Xu X, Yun JY, Zhao J, Franke B, Thompson PM, Glahn DC, Mazoyer B, Fisher SE, Francks C. Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 11:1497-1514. [PMID: 27738994 PMCID: PMC5540813 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The two hemispheres of the human brain differ functionally and structurally. Despite over a century of research, the extent to which brain asymmetry is influenced by sex, handedness, age, and genetic factors is still controversial. Here we present the largest ever analysis of subcortical brain asymmetries, in a harmonized multi-site study using meta-analysis methods. Volumetric asymmetry of seven subcortical structures was assessed in 15,847 MRI scans from 52 datasets worldwide. There were sex differences in the asymmetry of the globus pallidus and putamen. Heritability estimates, derived from 1170 subjects belonging to 71 extended pedigrees, revealed that additive genetic factors influenced the asymmetry of these two structures and that of the hippocampus and thalamus. Handedness had no detectable effect on subcortical asymmetries, even in this unprecedented sample size, but the asymmetry of the putamen varied with age. Genetic drivers of asymmetry in the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia may affect variability in human cognition, including susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio Guadalupe
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Theo G M vanErp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lucija Abramovic
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin S Aribisala
- Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Vatche G Baboyan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth Barker
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Premika S W Boedhoe
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anushree Bose
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Silvia Brem
- University Clinic for and Adolescent Psychiatry UCCAP, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), & Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samantha Brooks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Neurosciences, Computer Science, and Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Anna Cattrell
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Germany, Tübingen, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, Australia
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, SW4 794, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry & trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erlend S Dørum
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Gonzalez Suarez
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tobias U Hauser
- University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UCCAP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hao Hu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | | | - Chaim Huyser
- De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AMC, department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine. Psychiatry section, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Jurk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90292, USA
| | - Bernd Kraemer
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Herve Lemaitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Lochner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andre F Marquand
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
- Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, SW4 794, Galway, Ireland
| | - Omar Mothersill
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, SW4 794, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susana Munoz Maniega
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Benson Mwangi
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UT Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takashi Nakamae
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neural Computation for Decision-Making, ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan E Nordvik
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - A Marten H Onnink
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes -Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, M6A 2E1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janardhan Yc Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Roberto Roiz-Santiáñez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Annerine Roos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalie A Royle
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roberto Toro
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maria Valdés Hernández
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nora C Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniella Vuletic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Walitza
- University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UCCAP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute and Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JingJing Zhao
- Cognitive Genetics and Therapy Group, School of Psychology & Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, SW4 794, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, CT, 06114, USA
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- UMR5296 CNRS, CEA and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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