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Zhang M, Meng SQ, Hasan AJ, Han Y, Han S, Li B, Tong WX, Zhang Y. Network meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different interventions for internet addiction in college students. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:26-38. [PMID: 39047947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction jeopardizes teenagers' physical and mental health, as well as their academic performance, and causes a variety of cognitive dysfunctions and psychological and mental health illnesses, among other things. It is a huge issue that families, schools, and society must address immediately. OBJECTIVES This study used network meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of several interventions on college students' Internet addiction. The goal was to identify the most effective interventions and establish a reference for future interventions. We systematically searched relevant literature in domestic and international databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Pro Quest, China Knowledge, Wan fang, Wipo, etc. We assessed the risk of bias according to the revised Cochrane Randomized Trials Risk of Bias Tool (RoB2) and used R Studio Software and Stata 14.0 for traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. A network meta-analysis based on the IAT scale showed that comprehensive interventions had the highest probability of being the best intervention for IA (SUCRA = 90.6 % based on IAT); focused solution short-term therapy had the highest probability of being the best intervention for IA based on the CIAS-R (19 White Feather) scale (SUCRA = 100 %). CONCLUSIONS The majority of interventions have a significant influence on the treatment of IA, and improvements in Internet addiction symptoms are more noticeable when a combination of interventions is used rather than just one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Qiao Meng
- Department of Physical Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Yahui Han
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanshan Han
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tong
- Department of Physical Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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2
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Brandtner A, Müller SM, Behrens S, Oelker A, Brand M. Permissive beliefs in the context of gaming, online shopping and alcohol drinking - Systematic development of a self-report measure. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 134:152507. [PMID: 38905774 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of permissive beliefs is a cognitive mechanism through which individuals permit themselves to engage in pleasurable, yet potentially unregulated activities. Existing measures are heterogenous, focusing either on specific behaviors or on particular licensing mechanisms. The new Permissive Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) seeks to integrate self-licensing mechanisms from various research domains and to be applicable to different behaviors. METHODS Study 1 aimed at exploring the factor structure and reduce the number of items. In study 2, we used confirmatory factor analysis and tested convergent and discriminant validity in three subsamples of individuals playing videogames (n = 489), shopping online (n = 506), and drinking alcohol (n = 511). We tested the hypothesis whether individuals who experience a self-regulatory conflict show a greater expression of permissive beliefs. RESULTS The final version of the PBQ consists of 12 items which represent two factors: Deserving Reward and Defensive Optimism. The PBQ exhibited robust model fit indices and internal consistencies in the three samples. Permissive beliefs were heightened among individuals intending to downregulate their gaming, shopping, or drinking behaviors as compared to individuals without this intention. CONCLUSION The PBQ is a valid measure of permissive beliefs for gaming, online shopping, and drinking alcohol. It serves an ecologic and psychometrically valid tool to address empirical research questions regarding the functioning of permissive beliefs. Additionally, it may be used in clinical settings to measure and raise an understanding for permissive beliefs in clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Brandtner
- General Psychology: Cognition, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
| | - Silke M Müller
- General Psychology: Cognition, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Sofie Behrens
- General Psychology: Cognition, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Oelker
- General Psychology: Cognition, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany
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Shao T, Zhu C, Lei H, Jiang Y, Wang H, Zhang C. The Relationship of Parent-Child Technoference and Child Problematic Smartphone Use: The Roles of Parent-Child Relationship, Negative Parenting Styles, and Children's Gender. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2067-2081. [PMID: 38800525 PMCID: PMC11122314 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s456411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the increasing ubiquity of smartphones in our daily lives, technoference has emerged as a novel threat to family relationships and child development. This study explored the impact of parent-child technoference on child problematic smartphone use and its underlying mechanism and potential gender difference among children. Participants and Methods The participants were 3032 fourth-grade students (42.6% female; 80.6% one-child families; 32.9% lower income level families, 33.3% middle income level families; Mage = 10.59 years, SD=0.32) from 535 primary schools. Students in the target classes were invited to participate anonymously in the questionnaire survey in classrooms. Then, SPSS, AMOS and other software were used to analyze the data. Results 1) Parent-child technoference, negative parenting styles and child problematic smartphone use were positively correlated with each other, while they were negatively correlated with parent-child relationship; 2) Parent-child technoference can not only directly and positively predict child problematic smartphone use, but also indirectly and positively predict child problematic smartphone use through parent-child relationship and negative parenting styles respectively; 3) Parent-child relationship and negative parenting styles play a chain mediating role between parent-child technoference and child problematic smartphone use; 4) There are significant gender differences in the chain mediation model. Conclusion The results showed that parent-child technoference significantly affected child problematic smartphone use through a chain mediation of parent-child relationship and negative parenting styles. Gender differences were observed, with girls experiencing a more pronounced disruption in the parent-child relationship, while boys were more likely to develop problematic smartphone use. In cases of strained parent-child relationships due to technoference, girls also tended to perceive more negative parenting styles. These findings promote parents' understanding of the influencing factors and mechanisms of child problematic smartphone use, especially helpful for follow-up measures to prevent and intervene child problematic smartphone use from the perspective of families and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shao
- Institute of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanning Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiru Jiang
- School of Education Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Narayanappa P, Nirgude A, Nattala P, Philip M, Subramanian K. Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Addiction Among Adolescents Before the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown in India. Cureus 2024; 16:e59803. [PMID: 38846246 PMCID: PMC11155426 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Internet dependency behavior was found to be prevalent among adolescents even before the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns across the world including India. Adolescent users develop Internet addiction due to various risk factors. Aim The aim is to measure the prevalence and psychosocial predictors of internet addiction among adolescents before the first wave of the COVID-19 lockdown in India. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study before the first wave of the COVID-19 lockdown, included 1199 adolescents of both genders, aged 11 to 19 years, at selected educational settings from a city in south India, by using Young's Internet addiction test (IAT)-20 and structured questioner. Results The study found almost all the participants (100%) were using the internet in a day and the highest number of subjects started using the internet during their 6th standard of education (13%). Before the first wave of COVID-19 lockdown, the prevalence of a total of mild, moderate, and severe forms of internet addiction among adolescents was 65%. Individual, family, and community-related risk factors were found significant association with Internet addiction. The age of 14-16 years (OR 2.050, p= 0.000), duration of internet use in a day (OR 0.740, p= 0.064), financial matters (OR 0.981, p=0.016), total internet addiction score (OR 1.03, p=0.035) and timings of internet use (OR 1.161, p=0.004), were significant predictors of Internet addiction. Conclusion Internet addiction was prevalent and a notable behavior addiction among adolescents during the margin time of pre-pandemic and the first wave of the COVID-19 lockdown in India. The study highlighted many significant psychosocial risk factors and predictors of Internet Addiction in adolescents, thus the need for a panoramic approach to identify internet addiction in adolescents, to bring the modest behavior of healthy use of the internet in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Narayanappa
- College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Abhay Nirgude
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, IND
| | - Prasanthi Nattala
- Department of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Mariyamma Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Karthick Subramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry, IND
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Fotinos K, Sansone A, Greifenberger A, Katzman MA, Jannini TB, Reisman Y, Limoncin E, Jannini EA. Pornography and sexual function in the post-pandemic period: a narrative review from psychological, psychiatric, and sexological perspectives. Int J Impot Res 2024:10.1038/s41443-023-00812-3. [PMID: 38184709 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns had significant impacts on sexual functioning and behavior. Partnered sexual activity decreased overall, while solo sex activities such as masturbation and pornography consumption increased exponentially. Given the ongoing debate about the effects of pornography on sexual function, it was prudent to consider how the increase in porn consumption during the pandemic might have impacted sexual function in the post-pandemic period. Results indicated that despite the increased rates of use during lockdowns, there remains no evidence supporting the relationship between sexual dysfunction and porn use during and following the pandemic period. On the contrary, pornography consumption and solo sex activities offered an alternative to conventional sexual behavior during a highly stressful period and were found to have positive effects of relieving psychosocial stress otherwise induced by the pandemic. Specifically, those who maintained an active sexual life experienced less anxiety and depression, and greater relational health than those who were not sexually active. It is important to consider factors including frequency, context, and type of consumption when analyzing the impact of pornography on sexual function. While excessive use can have negative effects, moderate use can be a natural and healthy part of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Fotinos
- Course of Clinical Psychosexology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Stress Trauma Anxiety Rehabilitation Treatment (S.T.A.R.T.) Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandria Greifenberger
- Stress Trauma Anxiety Rehabilitation Treatment (S.T.A.R.T.) Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin A Katzman
- Stress Trauma Anxiety Rehabilitation Treatment (S.T.A.R.T.) Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adler Graduate Professional School, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Tommaso B Jannini
- School of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Erika Limoncin
- Course of Clinical Psychosexology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Mohamadpour F, Mohammadi N. Effectiveness of online integrative trans-diagnostic treatment on internet addiction and high-risk behaviors in female adolescents with borderline personality disorder with comorbid depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1291579. [PMID: 38250259 PMCID: PMC10797106 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Based on research, borderline personality disorder is associated with many behavioral and emotional problems, including Internet addiction and high-risk behaviors. On the other hand, integrative trans-diagnostic treatment, by targeting trans-diagnostic factors in emotional pathology, is considered a suitable treatment for comorbid psychological pathologies. Also, since in adolescence, the opinion of others about oneself is more important, online therapy has the advantage of protecting them from the fear of stigma and shame in the face of others' judgments. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of online integrative trans-diagnostic treatment on the internet addiction and high-risk behaviors in adolescents with borderline personality disorder. Methods The current research was applied and quasi-experimental in a pre-test-post-test manner with a control group. The research sample included 40 female adolescents with borderline personality disorder who were randomly divided into two groups of 20 people, experimental and control groups. The criteria for entering the research included the age range of 12 to 18 years, female, confirmation of the disease by a psychologist, not receiving other psychological treatments in the last 3 months, and having a smartphone to participate in the online group. Substance abuse, any serious mental and physical illness/disorder that interferes with treatment, and failure to attend more than two sessions in therapy sessions were some of the exclusion criteria.The participants were tested on the scales of internet addiction and high-risk behaviors. Then, the treatment plan based on online integrative trans-diagnostic group therapy was presented to the participants of the experimental group online in 9 two-hour sessions. The control group was placed on the waiting list until the completion of the treatment sessions and the post-test implementation, and after the post-test implementation, they received the treatment. Then, their scores were measured, after completing the treatment, and a three-month follow-up period. Descriptive statistics and covariance test were used to analyze the data. Results Patients showed a clear improvement in the severity of internet addiction and high-risk behavior symptoms. So that the scores of internet addiction and high-risk behaviors in the experimental group after receiving the treatment, as well as after a three-month follow-up period, were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Conclusion These results show that online integrative trans-diagnostic therapy can be an effective treatment option for reducing some symptoms of risky behaviors and internet addiction in adolescents with borderline personality disorder and should be studied further. It is noteworthy that the limitations of this study were the available sampling method, the use of a unisex sample of female patients, and the short-term follow-up period, which makes it difficult to generalize the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mohamadpour
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nurallah Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Linlin W, Wanyu H, Yuting L, Huimin Q, Zhi L, Qinchen J, Tingting W, Fan W, Minghao P, Wei Z. Research on the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior of college students with psychological disorders based on grounded theory. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2256. [PMID: 37974096 PMCID: PMC10652505 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of short videos by individuals often leads to the emergence of information exchange behavior. Previous studies have shown that certain students with psychological disorders exhibit addictive tendencies towards short video-related software. Therefore, it is essential to address the psychology and behavior of college students with psychological disorders while engaging with short videos. This study aims to explore the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 college students afflicted by psychological disorders in a prefecture-level city in Henan Province, China from September to December 2022. Based on the Grounded theory, we encoded 30 text materials across three levels to explore the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders, and subsequently build a model framework. RESULTS The findings of this study suggest that college students with psychological disorders exhibit negative cognition tendencies that can lead to strongly negative emotions, excacerbated by a lack of social support. These adverse factors collectively drive the consumption of short video content in this demographic, providing a virtual environment where they can fulfill their unmet social needs. Therefore, the mechanism governing short video messages interaction among college students with psychological disorders encompasses negative cognitive tendencies, negative emotions, lack of social support, post-video-watching behaviors, and the gratification of social needs within the confines of a virtual environment. CONCLUSIONS This study comprehensively analyzes the motivation and complexity of college students with psychological disorders in short video interaction. Although short videos provide this group with some ways of self-expression and emotional support, they still have a negative impact on their physical and mental health. The short video interaction of college students with psychological disorders is affected by many factors, including their negative cognitive tendencies, negative emotions, lack of social support, post-video-watching behaviors, and the gratification of social needs within the confines of a virtual environment. These findings deepened our understanding to the mechanism of short video information interaction behavior among college students with psychological disorders, also provided us with guidance on facilitating the proper use of short video and maintaining the mental health. In future researches, researchers can discuss more about intervention measures to help this demographic cope with the challenges from short video interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Linlin
- Medical College, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu Road, Xinyang City, 464000, Henan Province, China
| | - Huang Wanyu
- School of Public Health Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Yuting
- Hangzhou Wickham International School, Hangzhou City, 311000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiao Huimin
- Yantai Automobile Engineering Professional College, Yantai City, 265500, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhi
- Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang City, 464000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Qinchen
- Medical College, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu Road, Xinyang City, 464000, Henan Province, China
| | - Wang Tingting
- Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou City, 466000, Henan Province, China
| | - Wang Fan
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan City, 430072, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pan Minghao
- Medical College, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu Road, Xinyang City, 464000, Henan Province, China.
- School of Public Health Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zhu Wei
- Medical College, Xinyang Normal University, 237 Nanhu Road, Xinyang City, 464000, Henan Province, China.
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Wang Q, Duan R, Han F, Huang B, Wang W, Wang Q. The impact of core self-evaluation on school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic: the parallel mediation of positive and negative coping styles. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15871. [PMID: 37927795 PMCID: PMC10624169 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the direct effect of core self-evaluation and the indirect effects of positive and negative coping styles on school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The Core Self-Evaluation Scale, Simple Coping Style Scale, and School Adaptation Questionnaire were used for the psychometric analysis of 500 high school students (229 males and 271 females) one month after their return to school. The bootstrap method was applied for mediation analysis. Results A positive correlation was noted between core self-evaluation and school adaptation (r = 0.56), and the predictive effect was significant (β = 0.43). Core self-evaluation positively predicted positive coping styles, which positively predicted school adaptation, while core self-evaluation negatively predicted negative coping styles, which negatively predicted school adaptation. Positive and negative coping styles played a significant mediating role between core self-evaluation and school adaptation. The mediating effect included the indirect effects generated by two pathways: core self-evaluation → positive coping style → school adaptation (95% CI [0.08-0.19]) and core self-evaluation → negative coping style → school adaptation (95% CI [0.03-0.11]). Conclusion There is a positive association between the core self-evaluation and school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may directly or indirectly affect the school adaptation of high school students after their return to school through positive or negative coping styles. After returning to school, educators should guide students to view themselves positively, cultivate healthy core self-evaluation, and enable them to have good school adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Wang
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Duan
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulei Han
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Beibei Huang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiulin Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Cheng X, Lin H. Mechanisms from Academic Stress to Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Adolescents: The Roles of Academic Burnout and Internet Addiction. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4183-4196. [PMID: 37868651 PMCID: PMC10590069 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s423336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Academic stress is commonly known to affect adolescents' subjective well-being, but the influencing mechanisms are rarely investigated in the Chinese context. This study aims to investigate the psychological and behavioral factors operating as pathways between academic stress and adolescents' subjective well-being. Samples and Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling is used to select 1043 adolescents from junior and senior high schools in Jinhu County, Jiangsu Province, China (mean age=14.98 years; 51.1% boys). Structural equation modeling is used to test the direct and indirect effects. Results Academic stress is significantly correlated with adolescents' subjective well-being after controlling for gender, grade, hukou, and socioeconomic status. In addition to partially mediating the link between academic stress and subjective well-being, academic burnout and Internet addiction can also operate as chain mediators in this mechanism. Adolescents' subjective well-being shows significant gender disparities, with boys having a greater degree of subjective well-being than girls. Father's income is found to have a significant positive association with adolescents' subjective well-being. Conclusion The results indicate that academic stress is a significant predictor of academic burnout, which in turn points to a positive association with Internet addiction, thereby explaining low levels of adolescents' subjective well-being. The present study develops current knowledge and expands our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which academic stress influences adolescents' subjective well-being. This can also illuminate the practical ramifications for policymakers and social workers to mitigate academic-related stress and burnout, prevent Internet addiction, and ultimately promote the well-being of adolescent students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Cheng
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Lin
- School of Law, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Favieri F, Forte G, Tambelli R, Tomai M, Casagrande M. I feel addicted to watching TV series: association between binge-watching and mental health. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15796. [PMID: 37576507 PMCID: PMC10416768 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Binge-watching (BW) is the consecutive viewing of three or more episodes of the same series in one sitting. Although some negative effects on mental health were evidenced, the continuum of BW from leisure activity to problematic behavior is still unclear. This study aimed to analyze mental health (depression, trait anxiety, social anxiety, impulsivity, alexithymia) of people involved in different expressions of BW. Methods A cross-sectional survey collected data from 482 respondents. According to a validated BW questionnaire, participants were divided into Problematic BW, Moderate BW, Non-BW, and No-viewer, and differences between groups were tested on psychological dimensions assessed via standardized questionnaires evaluating: trait and social anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation. Results An association between problematic BW and worse mental health conditions was evidenced, and a positive effect of non-problematic BW was supported. A negative linear trend from the BW as a leisure activity to problematic BW was marked, indicating how a possible maladaptive behavior orientation of BW in specific mental health conditions could be figured out as a behavioral addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Favieri
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Tomai
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Feher A, Fejes E, Kapus K, Jancsak C, Nagy GD, Horvath L, Tibold A, Feher G. The association of problematic usage of the internet with burnout, depression, insomnia, and quality of life among Hungarian high school students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1167308. [PMID: 37559742 PMCID: PMC10407570 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1167308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extensive availability of the internet has led to the recognition of problematic usage of the internet (PUI) or so called internet addiction (IA), probably mostly involving adolescents. Aim Here we present a study focusing on the incidence and consequences (including burnout, which is relatively rarely studied) of internet addiction among high school students using a questionnaire-based non-random sampling cross-sectional survey. Included questionnaires were the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey for Students MBI-GS (S), the 9-item short version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-SF), the Athens Insomnia Questionnaire and the EQ-5D (quality of life) questionnaire. Data were evaluated the exertion of Student's t-test, chi square test and Pearson's rank-order correlation. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the significance of the different parameters as independently associated with PUI. Results Overall 3,000 paper-based questionnaires were successfully delivered and 2,540 responses received (response rate of 84.6%). 1,309 males (mean age 17.6 ± 1.43 years) (51.5%) and 1,231 females (mean age 17.5 ± 1.4 years) (48.5%) took part in our study. Problematic usage of the internet was detected in 486 (19.1%) students (232 males, mean age 17.6 ± 1.35 years and 254 females, mean age 17.34 ± 1.37 years). In a logistic regression analysis sleep disturbance (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.83-2.03), depression (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.77-2.02) and burnout (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.16-1.94) were significantly associated with PUI. Conclusion Nearly one fifth of our study population suffered from PUI, which was strongly associated with school burnout, insomnia and depression, which underlines the importance of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Feher
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szent Rafael Hospital, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztian Kapus
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary R&D and Innovation of the University of Szeged, Social Responsibility Competence Centre, Interdisciplinary Family R&D Centre Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Jancsak
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary R&D and Innovation of the University of Szeged, Social Responsibility Competence Centre, Interdisciplinary Family R&D Centre Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabor Daniel Nagy
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary R&D and Innovation of the University of Szeged, Social Responsibility Competence Centre, Interdisciplinary Family R&D Centre Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Horvath
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Antal Tibold
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Feher
- Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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12
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Forte G, Favieri F, Tambelli R, Casagrande M. To Binge Watch TV Series: How a Leisure Activity May Affect Sleep, Mood and Quality of Life. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2395-2405. [PMID: 37416055 PMCID: PMC10321327 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s407854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective New TV-watching patterns increased the practice of binge-watching (BW). Considering the adaptive-maladaptive continuum of BW, the relationship between BW and health outcomes is still unclear. This study aimed to analyze some features of BW related to quality of life, focusing on sleep quality. Methods Four-hundred eighty-two young adults were classified into four groups according to their BW approach. Then, sleep quality, mood, and quality of life were assessed. Results All the investigated variables were associated with problematic and moderate BW. No differences emerged between BW as a leisure activity and not watching TV series. Moreover, quality of life is directly affected by BW. Conclusion Accordingly, BW should be considered a continuum of behavioral patterns from a leisure activity characterized by positive outcomes to a maladaptive behavior characterized by negative outcomes for sleep, mood, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Favieri
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Zhang R, Jiao G, Guan Y, Huang Q, Pan J. Correlation Between Chronotypes and Depressive Symptoms Mediated by Sleep Quality Among Chinese College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:499-509. [PMID: 37408566 PMCID: PMC10319285 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s403932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the mental health of the population. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the correlations between chronotypes, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms. Participants and Methods In the current study, 2526 college students responded anonymously to an online questionnaire survey from 26 May 2020 to 20 July 2020. The participants' chronotypes, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Sociodemographic information of the participants was also acquired. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 19.0 software, with the mediating effect assessed by Hayes' PROCESS Macro. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances among Chinese college students surveyed was 54.95% and 48.18%, respectively. From absolute evening chronotype to absolute morning chronotype, the surveyed college students' chronotypes were negatively correlated with their depressive symptoms. Moreover, the mediation analysis showed that the correlation between chronotypes and depressive symptoms was fully mediated by sleep quality. Eveningness college students with poorer sleep quality were more likely to report higher levels of depressive symptoms. Conclusion Our findings suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, delayed circadian preference (ie, eveningness) may be linked to worse depressive symptoms among Chinese college students, and call for more attention to the sleep quality of Chinese college students as sleep quality fully mediated the correlation between chronotypes and depressive symptoms among them. Reasonable adjustment in bedtime/circadian preference and improvement in sleep quality may help to reduce the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhang
- Students’ Affairs Division, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijia Guan
- School of International Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Qin Y, Liu SJ, Xu XL. The causalities between learning burnout and internet addiction risk: A moderated-mediation model. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2023; 26:1-23. [PMID: 37362051 PMCID: PMC10237079 DOI: 10.1007/s11218-023-09799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study explored how self-control and eudaimonic orientation are associated with learning burnout and internet addiction risk (IAR). Our results demonstrate that learning burnout has a significant and positive impact on IAR. The impulse system and control system play parallel mediating roles in the relationship between learning burnout and IAR. The relationship between learning burnout and IAR is moderated by eudaimonic orientation. Finally, the mediating role of the impulse system on learning burnout and IAR is moderated by eudaimonic orientation. With these findings, our study clarifies the mediating roles of the impulse system and control system in learning burnout and IAR and the moderating effects of hedonic orientation and eudaimonic orientation. Our study not only offers a new perspective for IAR research but also has practical implications for intervening in middle school students' IAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qin
- School of Educational Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
| | - Shun Jia Liu
- School of Business, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Xin Long Xu
- College of Tourism, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
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15
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Kaval A, Siyez DM. An Internet Addiction Model Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Approach Among Adolescents: Maladaptive Cognitions, Psychopathology, and Situational Cues. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-023-00502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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16
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Ataei M, Esmaelzadeh Saeieh S, Yazdkhasti M, Jashni Motlagh A. Coping with identity threat and health literacy on the quality of life and mental health in students: Structural equation modeling. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023. [PMID: 36918399 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Adolescents face many challenges when entering university. The aim of this study was determined predictor role of coping with identity threat and health literacy on the quality of life and mental health of students. METHODS This is a descriptive-analytical study of the structural equation study. Random sampling was performed on 300 students of Alborz University of medical science who were eligible to enter the study. The link of the questionnaires was provided to the students through social networks. The questionnaires were used to study identity threat, mental health, health literacy, and quality of life. RESULTS The results of structural equations showed that health literacy has a negative and significant effect (β = -0.22) and identity threat strategy has a negative and significant effect on students' mental health disorder (β = -0.53). Mental health disorders have a negative and significant effect on the quality of life in students (β = -0.49), and health literacy has a positive and significant effect on the quality of life (β = 0.35). Based on Sobel criterion, mental health disorder was a partial mediator for the indirect effect of coping threat strategy on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Considering the effect of mental health and health literacy on the quality of life and the effectiveness of coping strategies, it is recommended to evaluate the mental health and health literacy of students in universities and provide educational programs for identity coping in the early years after entering the university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ataei
- Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sara Esmaelzadeh Saeieh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Jashni Motlagh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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17
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Cheng M, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang R, Qin L. Physical activity reduces internet addiction among "post-00" college students: The mediating role of coping styles. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1052510. [PMID: 36846475 PMCID: PMC9945914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1052510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of coping styles (CS) in mediating the relationship between physical activity (PA) and internet addiction (IA), and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of IA among Chinese "post-00" college students. Methods A total of 410 university students from five universities in Anhui Province were surveyed using the Chinese Internet addiction scale, the Coping Styles Scale for Chinese University Students, and the International Physical Activity Scale Short Form. Results (1) Boys are better than girls in PA. However, there was no significant difference between male and female students on CS and IA. (2) PA was positively correlated with CS (r = 0.278, p < 0.01), PA was negatively correlated with IA (r = -0.236, p < 0.01), CS was negatively correlated with IA (r = -0.560, p < 0.01). (3) PA was negatively predicted IA (B = -0.198, p < 0.01), PA was positively predicted CS (B = 0.986, p < 0.01), CS was negatively predicted IA (B = -0.065, p < 0.01). (4) CS plays a partially mediating role between PA and IA, with a mediating effect proportion of 48.33%. Conclusion PA can improve IA not only directly for university students, but also indirectly by increasing CS. The intervention for IA of "post-00" college students can start by increasing PA and improving CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Cheng
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Meichao Cheng, ; Shun Wang, ; Likai Qin,
| | - Shun Wang
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China,*Correspondence: Meichao Cheng, ; Shun Wang, ; Likai Qin,
| | - Ya Wang
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Sports, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Likai Qin
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China,*Correspondence: Meichao Cheng, ; Shun Wang, ; Likai Qin,
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18
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Liza MM, Iktidar MA, Roy S, Jallow M, Chowdhury S, Tabassum MN, Mahmud T. Gadget addiction among school-going children and its association to cognitive function: a cross-sectional survey from Bangladesh. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001759. [PMID: 36808098 PMCID: PMC9944298 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People are becoming more dependent on technology than ever before. Today's children and adults are heavily plugged into electronics, which raises concerns for their physical and cognitive development. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between media usage and cognitive function among school-going children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 schools in 3 of Bangladesh's most populous metropolitan areas: Dhaka, Chattogram and Cumilla. A semistructured questionnaire with three sections was used to obtain data from the respondents: (1) background information, (2) PedsQL Cognitive Functioning Scale and (3) Problematic Media Use Measure Short Form. Stata (V.16) was used for statistical analysis. Mean and SD were used to summarise quantitative variables. Qualitative variables were summarised using frequency and percentage. The χ2 test was used to explore bivariate association between categorical variables, and a binary logistic regression model was fit to investigate the factors associated with the cognitive function of the study participants after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS The mean age of total of 769 participants was 12.0±1.8 years, and the majority (67.31%) were females. The prevalence of high gadget addiction and poor cognitive function was 46.9% and 46.5%, respectively, among the participants. After adjusting the factors, this study found a statistically significant relationship (adjusted OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.7) between gadget addiction and cognitive function. In addition, the duration of breast feeding was a predictor of cognitive function as well. CONCLUSION This study found digital media addiction as a predictor of decreased cognitive performance in children who use digital gadgets regularly. Although the cross-sectional design of the study precludes causal relationships from being determined, the study finding deserves further examination via longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowshomi Mannan Liza
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Azmain Iktidar
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh .,Department of Public Health, School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Simanta Roy
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Musa Jallow
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Sreshtha Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Public Health, School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mustari Nailah Tabassum
- Department of Public Health, School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tarannum Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh.,Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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19
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Development of an Instrument to Assess Expectations for the Use of Online Gaming, Social Networking Sites, and Online Pornography: the Marburg Internet Use Expectations (MINUS-X) Questionnaire. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractUser’s expectations contribute to the maintenance of problematic use of online gaming (OG), social networking (SN), and online pornography (OP). Since an instrument to assess use expectations across applications is lacking, this study aimed at developing and testing such a questionnaire. It consists of a general module (GM), which includes expectations relevant to all three applications, and three application-specific modules. A pilot and a validation study were conducted with 2880 German adults. We conducted item analyses, exploratory factor analyses (EFA), exploratory structural equation modelling, and correlation analyses. The EFA revealed six factors for the GM and two factors for each specific module. The GM demonstrated measurement invariance between applications. The instrument showed excellent psychometric properties, indicating its suitability for assessing expectations concerning the use of OG, SN, and OG reliably and validly. It could be helpful for treating patients with problematic use of the applications and investigating the role of the relevant expectations.
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20
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Xiong J, He C, Wei H. Negative School Gossip and Youth Adolescents' Mobile Phone Addiction: Mediating Roles of Anxiety and Experiential Avoidance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1444. [PMID: 36674203 PMCID: PMC9859379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Being the target of negative school gossip, a form of relational aggression, has been shown to be associated with psychological and behavioral problems in youth adolescents. Based on the experience avoidance model, this study tested the association between negative school gossip and youth adolescents' mobile phone addiction, and the serial mediation roles of anxiety and experience avoidance in this relationship. Junior high school students (N = 837; ages 12-15; 50% girls) completed the Negative School Gossip Scale, Anxiety Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale in their classrooms. The results of regression-based analyses showed that after controlling for age and gender, (1) negative school gossip was significantly associated with mobile phone addiction; (2) anxiety and experience avoidance each significantly mediated this association; (3) anxiety and experience avoidance serially mediated this association. The results support the experience avoidance model and highlight emotional factors as an internal mechanism by which negative school gossip is associated with youth adolescents' mobile phone addiction. The results also have implications for preventing and reducing youth adolescents' mobile phone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Center for Mental Health, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Can He
- College of Education Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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21
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Ognibene D, Wilkens R, Taibi D, Hernández-Leo D, Kruschwitz U, Donabauer G, Theophilou E, Lomonaco F, Bursic S, Lobo RA, Sánchez-Reina JR, Scifo L, Schwarze V, Börsting J, Hoppe U, Aprin F, Malzahn N, Eimler S. Challenging social media threats using collective well-being-aware recommendation algorithms and an educational virtual companion. Front Artif Intell 2023; 5:654930. [PMID: 36699613 PMCID: PMC9869176 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2022.654930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Social media have become an integral part of our lives, expanding our interlinking capabilities to new levels. There is plenty to be said about their positive effects. On the other hand, however, some serious negative implications of social media have been repeatedly highlighted in recent years, pointing at various threats to society and its more vulnerable members, such as teenagers, in particular, ranging from much-discussed problems such as digital addiction and polarization to manipulative influences of algorithms and further to more teenager-specific issues (e.g., body stereotyping). The impact of social media-both at an individual and societal level-is characterized by the complex interplay between the users' interactions and the intelligent components of the platform. Thus, users' understanding of social media mechanisms plays a determinant role. We thus propose a theoretical framework based on an adaptive "Social Media Virtual Companion" for educating and supporting an entire community, teenage students, to interact in social media environments in order to achieve desirable conditions, defined in terms of a community-specific and participatory designed measure of Collective Well-Being (CWB). This Companion combines automatic processing with expert intervention and guidance. The virtual Companion will be powered by a Recommender System (CWB-RS) that will optimize a CWB metric instead of engagement or platform profit, which currently largely drives recommender systems thereby disregarding any societal collateral effect. CWB-RS will optimize CWB both in the short term by balancing the level of social media threats the users are exposed to, and in the long term by adopting an Intelligent Tutor System role and enabling adaptive and personalized sequencing of playful learning activities. We put an emphasis on experts and educators in the educationally managed social media community of the Companion. They play five key roles: (a) use the Companion in classroom-based educational activities; (b) guide the definition of the CWB; (c) provide a hierarchical structure of learning strategies, objectives and activities that will support and contain the adaptive sequencing algorithms of the CWB-RS based on hierarchical reinforcement learning; (d) act as moderators of direct conflicts between the members of the community; and, finally, (e) monitor and address ethical and educational issues that are beyond the intelligent agent's competence and control. This framework offers a possible approach to understanding how to design social media systems and embedded educational interventions that favor a more healthy and positive society. Preliminary results on the performance of the Companion's components and studies of the educational and psychological underlying principles are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Ognibene
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Faculty of Science and Health, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Dimitri Ognibene ✉
| | - Rodrigo Wilkens
- Cental, Institut Langage et Communication (IL&C), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Davide Taibi
- Institute for Education Technology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy,Davide Taibi ✉
| | - Davinia Hernández-Leo
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Udo Kruschwitz
- Faculty of Information Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Donabauer
- Faculty of Information Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emily Theophilou
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sathya Bursic
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rene Alejandro Lobo
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Roberto Sánchez-Reina
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Scifo
- Institute for Education Technology, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veronica Schwarze
- Institute of Computer Science, Ruhr West University of Applied Science, Bottrop, Germany
| | - Johanna Börsting
- Institute of Computer Science, Ruhr West University of Applied Science, Bottrop, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hoppe
- Rhein-Ruhr Institut für Angewandte Systeminnovation, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Farbod Aprin
- Rhein-Ruhr Institut für Angewandte Systeminnovation, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Nils Malzahn
- Rhein-Ruhr Institut für Angewandte Systeminnovation, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Eimler
- Institute of Computer Science, Ruhr West University of Applied Science, Bottrop, Germany
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22
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Common and specific risk factors for comorbidity types of problematic smartphone use in adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Cervigón-Carrasco V, Schulze-Steinen L, Ballester-Arnal R, Billieux J, Juliá BG, Giménez-Garcia C, Castro-Calvo J. Attentional inhibitory control interference related to videogames, pornography, and TV series exposure: An experimental study in three independent samples. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Pape M, Geisler BL, Cornelsen L, Bottel L, Te Wildt BT, Dreier M, Herpertz S, Dieris-Hirche J. A short-term manual for webcam-based telemedicine treatment of Internet use disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1053930. [PMID: 36911137 PMCID: PMC9995520 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1053930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the number of people who experience their Internet use behavior as problematic has risen dramatically. In Germany, a representative study from 2013 estimated the prevalence of Internet use disorder (IUD) to be about 1.0%, with higher rates among younger people. A 2020 meta-analysis shows a global weighted average prevalence of 7.02%. This indicates that developing effective IUD treatment programs is more critical than ever. Studies show that motivational interviewing (MI) techniques are widely used and effective in treating substance abuse and IUDs. In addition, an increasing number of online-based health interventions are being developed to provide a low-threshold treatment option. This article presents a short-term online-based treatment manual for IUDs that combines MI techniques with therapy tools from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). The manual includes 12 webcam-based therapy sessions, each lasting 50 min. Each session is framed by a standardized beginning, conclusion, outlook, and flexible session content. In addition, the manual contains example sessions to illustrate the therapeutic intervention. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online-based therapy compared to analog treatment settings and provide recommendations for dealing with these challenges. By combining established therapeutic approaches with an online-based therapeutic setting based on flexibility and motivation, we aim to provide a low-threshold solution for treating IUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pape
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Lorraine Cornelsen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Bottel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Michael Dreier
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Dieris-Hirche
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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How peer victimization predicts mental well-being and disruptive behaviors: exploring serial mediating mechanisms in the digital age. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Coping and Co-Occurrence of Gaming Disorder and Substance Use in Recovering Substance Users. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247370. [PMID: 36555987 PMCID: PMC9784481 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a wide range of negative effects associated with both substance use disorders and behavioural disorders and their co-occurrence. Understanding the way in which at-risk populations (e.g., substance-abstinent users) interact with potentially addictive behaviours (e.g., gaming) and substance use-while navigating life stressors through differing coping styles-can inform preventative strategies. METHODS Therefore, the present study investigated 64 clinical participants and 138 general population participants. Each cohort was required to complete a battery of psychometric scales exploring problematic behaviours, problematic substance use, co-occurrence, and coping styles. Additional exploratory direct comparisons of gamers in the clinical cohort and gamers in the general cohort were carried out. RESULTS The study's findings suggest that gamers from different populations (i.e., general and clinical) share similar at-risk behaviours. These problematic behaviours were more pronounced among abstinent substance use gamers, and more specifically among poly-substance use gamers. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study add to the literature and suggest that dysfunctional coping style and the co-occurrence of problematic behaviours may have an impact on the assessment and potential treatment of substance abstinent gamers. The findings offer support for an integrated treatment approach, wherein both substance use and the other problematic behaviours (e.g., gaming) are considered in tandem.
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Burleigh TL, Griffiths MD, Sumich A, Wang GY, Stavropoulos V, Kannis-Dymand L, Kuss DJ. Co-Occurrence of Gaming Disorder and Other Potentially Addictive Behaviours between Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316078. [PMID: 36498151 PMCID: PMC9741165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that gamers can have varying experiences of disordered gaming behaviours due to coping mechanisms and how they can act as risk or protective factor in the development and/or maintenance of disordered behaviours. A particular area of interest is how this may manifest across different countries. Understanding the interplay of these potential risk and protective factors within different countries will aid identifying and preventing disordered behaviours. Methods: Three cohorts were recruited from Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Each cohort was required to complete a battery of psychometric scales exploring problematic behaviours, problematic substance use, co-occurrence, coping styles, and personality. A latent profile analysis was conducted to examine the differences between cohorts and further investigated with additional analyses. Results: The findings suggested that a minority of gamers were affected by gaming disorder, and there appeared an at-risk cohort who utilise gaming as a maladaptive coping strategy. Other accompanying potentially addictive behaviour or substance use may be exacerbated as a result, the manifestation of which can be influenced by cultural elements. Conclusions: When considering gamers from countries which hold similar views, it is important to be cognisant of the variations found in the manifestations of disordered gaming and accompanying potentially addictive behaviours. This will allow for a more precise identification of at-risk behaviours, which will result in more favourable treatment outcomes for those who are considered at-risk or high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone L. Burleigh
- International Gaming Research Unit and Cyberpsychology Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, UK
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit and Cyberpsychology Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Alexander Sumich
- NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Grace Y. Wang
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, QLD 4350, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Darling Heights, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- College of Health and Biomedicine & Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Lee Kannis-Dymand
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit and Cyberpsychology Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
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Bischof A, Brandt D, Schlossarek S, Vens M, Rozgonjuk D, Wernicke J, Kannen C, Wölfling K, Dreier M, Salbach H, Basenach L, Mößle T, Olbrich D, König I, Borgwardt S, Montag C, Rumpf HJ. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of an e-health stepped care approach for the treatment of internet use disorders versus a placebo condition: the SCAPIT study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061453. [PMID: 36323482 PMCID: PMC9639078 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive internet use can lead to problems for some individuals. The WHO has introduced Gaming Disorder in the International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11). Previous research has shown that other internet applications can cause serious mental health problems as well. It is important to provide measures of prevention, early intervention and therapy for internet use disorders (IUDs). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study 'Stepped Care Approach for Problematic Internet use Treatment' is a randomised, two-arm, parallel-group, observer-blind trial. The aim of the study is to investigate if a stepped care approach is effective to reduce symptom severity for IUD. The sample is primarily recruited online with a focus on employees in companies with support of health insurances. After screening, the stepped care approach depends on the success of the previous step-that is, the successful reduction of criteria-and comprise: (1) app-intervention with questionnaires and feedback, (2) two telephone counsellings (duration: 50 min) based on motivational interviewing, (3) online therapy over 17 weeks (15 weekly group sessions, eight individual sessions) based on cognitive-behavioural therapy. A follow-up is conducted after 6 months. A total of 860 participants will be randomised. Hierarchical testing procedure is used to test the coprimary endpoints number of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition and ICD-11 criteria. Primary analysis will be performed with a sequential logit model. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Ethics Committees of the Universities of Lübeck (file number: 21-068), Mainz (file number: 2021-15907) and Berlin (file number: 015.2021). Results will be reported in accordance to the CONSORT statement. If the approach is superior to the control condition, it may serve as part of treatment for IUD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00025994.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Dominique Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Samantha Schlossarek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Maren Vens
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of Molecular Psychology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus Wölfling
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Dreier
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harriet Salbach
- Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- start: psychotherapy and coaching, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Basenach
- Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- start: psychotherapy and coaching, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- Media Protect e.V, Emmendingen, Germany
- State Police College of Baden-Württemberg, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Denise Olbrich
- Center for Clinical Studies, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Inke König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
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Bibi K, Fatima A, Amin R, Rowland DL. Understanding Serial Mediators of Problematic Pornography Use in Pakistani Men and Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114336. [PMID: 36361229 PMCID: PMC9654840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the current digital environment, satisfying sexual needs via Internet pornography use has the potential to develop into a problem that affects one's psychological health and daily functioning. The aim of this study was to examine potential cognitive and affective factors that could help explain the maintenance and exacerbation of self-defined problematic internet pornography use. METHODS 280 Pakistani men and women (mean age = 25.40; SD = 5.271, range 18-50) who were current pornography users were recruited through social networking sites (Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, WhatsApp groups) to participate in an online study about pathways to problematic pornography use (PPU). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate path analysis coefficients extending from predisposing variables (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and loneliness) to PPU via the mediating variables of craving, dysfunctional sexual coping, and stimulus-specific inhibitory control. RESULTS Craving mediated the relationship between three predisposing variables (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and PPU, though not the fourth, namely loneliness. Indirect effects of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem were significantly linked to PPU through two serial mediation pathways: (a) craving and stimulus-specific inhibitory control, and (b) craving and dysfunctional sexual coping. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that craving, stimulus-specific inhibitory control, and dysfunctional coping serve as important mediators in maintaining and exacerbating the cycle between negative predisposing variables and PPU. These results are interpreted within the general framework of therapeutic interventions that can help develop positive coping skills in individuals seeking to alter self-perceived bothersome or unwanted habits related to pornography use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khifza Bibi
- Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Fatima
- Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Amin
- Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - David L. Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
- Correspondence:
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Büsche K, Stark R, Brand M, Antons S. Self-regulatory Processes in Problematic Pornography Use. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
A core symptom of problematic pornography use (PPU) is the repeated failure to control sexual impulses resulting in pornography use; however, the field of self-regulation research has rarely been applied to PPU.
Recent Findings
Various goals can underly the use of online pornography. These goals can conflict with other self-regulatory goals a person holds, which leads to moments of self-control. The outcome of such self-control moments depends on multiple internal factors, including the strength of the desire to use pornography, whether a person perceives a conflict with their behaviour, and the motivation to resist their desire, as well as external, situational factors. Findings on the contribution of volition towards self-regulation in PPU are inconclusive.
Summary
More research is needed to further explore what influences moments of self-control, specifically in PPU. The proposed model of self-control moments can be used to derive research questions for further studies as well as to develop prevention and intervention approaches.
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Wegmann E, Antons S, Brand M. The experience of gratification and compensation in addictive behaviors: How can these experiences be measured systematically within and across disorders due to addictive behaviors? Compr Psychiatry 2022; 117:152336. [PMID: 35843138 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond gaming disorder and gambling disorder, pornography-use disorder, buying-shopping disorder, and social-networksuse disorders are discussed as further disorders due to addictive behaviors. For addictive behaviors, it is assumed that the experience of gratification and the experience of compensation due to the specific behavior represent reinforcing processes involved in the development and maintenance of the problematic behaviors. We aimed to develop two questionnaires that capture the experienced gratification and experienced compensation while using online activities. We additionally assume significant relationships with further addiction-related constructs such as symptom severity, use expectancies, and craving experiences. METHODS We conducted three studies for the development of the "Experience of Gratification Scale" (EGS) and the "Experience of Compensation Scale" (ECS). In each study, participants answered the questionnaires modified for their preferred online activity (gaming, gambling, buying-shopping, social-networks use, pornography use). Additional questionnaires were used, assessing further addiction-related constructs. RESULTS The results of the gradual approach by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated for both scales a two-factor solution resulting in "gratification of needs" and "experience of pleasure" for the EGS, and "compensation of needs" and "experience of relief from negative feelings" for the ECS. The factors were significantly correlated with each other as well as with craving experiences, use expectancies, and symptom severity. Moreover, we found significant differences in the experienced gratification and experienced compensation for specific online behaviors. CONCLUSION The theoretically plausible specific factors for experienced gratification and experienced compensation could be identified and were related to constructs considered important in addictive online behaviors. Further studies should investigate the relevance of these constructs for different types of addictive behaviors, but also within the addiction process addressing specific needs and motives as well as further positive and negative reinforcement mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Wegmann
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Antons
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of General Psychology, Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany.
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Yan X, Gao W, Yang J, Yuan J. Emotion Regulation Choice in Internet Addiction: Less Reappraisal, Lower Frontal Alpha Asymmetry. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:278-286. [PMID: 34894803 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211056433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with internet addiction (IA) show difficulties in emotion regulation. However, they could effectively employ emotion regulation strategies when instructed. We speculate that this discrepancy might be caused by maladaptive emotion regulation choices. Recent studies indicated that decreased activity of the left frontal cortex could be a neural marker of reappraisal use. To address this problem, individuals with IA (n = 17, IA group) and healthy individuals (n = 23, healthy control [HC] group) were required to choose an emotion regulation strategy between reappraisal and distraction to regulate their emotions varying in emotional intensity and valence. We also compared the resting state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) of these 2 groups. The results replicated more choices of reappraisal in low- versus high-intensity emotional contexts across groups. More importantly, the IA group chose reappraisal less frequently compared with the HC group, irrespective of emotional intensity. Furthermore, we found individuals with IA have lower FAA than healthy controls, and FAA shows a positive correlation with the use of reappraisal. These findings suggest that IA alters individuals' patterns of emotion regulation choice and impairs frontal activities, causing difficulties in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yan
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,26463Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- 26463Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiemin Yang
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- 66331Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, 66331Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Ling Y, You Y, You S, Yu M, Wang Y, Zheng S, Huebner ES, Zhong M. The relation between social support and internet addiction among chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Does the Type of Smartphone Usage Behavior Influence Problematic Smartphone Use and the Related Stress Perception? Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040099. [PMID: 35447671 PMCID: PMC9032299 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is defined as the inability to control the time spent on smartphones, which has long-term negative impacts on daily life. The use-and-gratifications approach is applied to smartphones and describes the extent to which users devote themselves to smartphones to obtain gratifications. These gratifications can be represented in the types of use (process, social, and habitual). This study examines the associations between PSU and the different types of use and their effects on perceived stress and self-perceived PSU. N = 108 subjects participated (65 women, 41 men, 2 diverse, mean age = 31.8; range 17–70). They completed the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS-19), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), a questionnaire on types of use, and a self-created scale for self-perceived PSU. Multiple linear regressions and correlations were calculated and show a relationship between PSU and perceived stress. All three types of use were shown to be predictors of PSU. For stress perception, only process use is a predictor. Both PSU and stress perception are predictors of the self-perceived PSU. Both stress and PSU interact with each other, and the different types of use determine how stressful smartphone use is perceived to be.
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Chang CW, Huang RY, Strong C, Lin YC, Tsai MC, Chen IH, Lin CY, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD. Reciprocal Relationships Between Problematic Social Media Use, Problematic Gaming, and Psychological Distress Among University Students: A 9-Month Longitudinal Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:858482. [PMID: 35462841 PMCID: PMC9024175 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.858482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The causal relationships between two specific types of problematic use in internet-related activities [i.e., problematic social media use (PSMU) and problematic gaming (PG)] and psychological distress remain controversial. The present study investigated the temporal relationships between PSMU, PG, and psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression) in university students. Methods Hong Kong and Taiwan university students [N = 645; nmale = 266; mean = 20.95 years (SD = 5.63)] were recruited for a survey study, with follow-ups at 3, 6, and 9 months after baseline assessment. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to assess studied variables. Demographics including age, physical characteristics (i.e., height, weight, and body mass index), and cigarette use were compared between participants who completed all the follow-ups and those who dropped out. Random intercept cross-lagged models were constructed to understand the reciprocal relationships between PSMU, PG, and psychological distress. Results No significant differences were found in age, physical characteristics, and cigarette use between participants who completed all the follow-ups and those who dropped out. Findings indicated that a high level of PSMU significantly increased the level of anxiety and a high level of anxiety significantly increased the level of PSMU. A high level of PSMU significantly increased the level of depression but the level of depression did not significantly affect the level of PSMU. A high level of PG significantly increased the level of anxiety, but the level of anxiety did not significantly affect the level of PG. A high level of depression significantly increased the level of PG, but the level of depression did not significantly affect the level of PG. Conclusion The patterns of the causal relationship between PIU and psychological distress variables differ. A reciprocal relationship was only found between the level of PSMU and the level of anxiety. Moreover, the longitudinal design found no differences in the waves in terms of gaming by the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Social Work, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yi Huang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
- *Correspondence: I-Hua Chen
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- College of Medicine, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Chung-Ying Lin
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Balasubramanian N, Parayitam S. Antecedents and consequences of internet addiction among school and college students: evidence from India. GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, MEMORY AND COMMUNICATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/gkmc-12-2021-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Internet addiction (IA) has become a global health problem. As the research on IA has progressed, this study aims to explore the antecedents and consequences of IA, particularly in the Indian context. A conceptual model was developed, and hypotheses were formulated based on the conceptual model and the hypotheses were tested.
Design/methodology/approach
This study investigated 752 schools and collected students from the southern part of India. First, psychometric properties of the survey instrument were tested, and hierarchical regression was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings
The results revealed that time spent on the internet every day is positively related to IA, internet experience in terms of years is positively related to IA, income and gender moderates the relationship between time spent every day on the internet and internet experience and IA and IA is positively related to time spent on networking, video streaming, short video apps, educational apps, chat apps, online shopping apps, money-involved apps, etc.
Practical implications
The outcomes of this study are essential for the school and college students and their parents. As IA has become chronic in the present-day digital world, it is necessary to take rectification measures to avoid facing the perils of IA. The conceptual model provides a simple framework of explaining how young students spend their time on the internet to become addicted gradually. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of controlling the younger generation's behavior, particularly regarding internet use.
Originality/value
This study is unique and innovative to the extent that it explores the antecedents of IA and the moderating role of gender and income in the relationship between the time spent on the internet and the IA. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, developing a conceptual model is the first of its kind to study school and college students in India.
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Hossin MZ, Islam A, Billah M, Haque M, Uddin J. Is there a gradient in the association between internet addiction and health? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264716. [PMID: 35239733 PMCID: PMC8893621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Internet Addiction (IA) is often shown to be associated with health issues, but no study explicitly examined a possible gradient in the association between different levels of IA and health. This study aimed to examine if the levels of IA had a graded relationship with poor sleep quality, psychological distress, and self-rated health among university students in Bangladesh. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 625 students from six universities/colleges responded to an online survey that contained measures of internet addiction test (IAT), general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), sleep quality, and self-rated health. Modified Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate the adjusted risk ratios (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) of the associations between IA and health outcomes. Results The IA levels were associated with each of the three health outcomes in a linear fashion. Compared to the lowest IA quintile, the highest quintile remained associated with an increased risk of poor-quality sleeping (RR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.48), psychological distress (RR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.55, 2.82), and worse self-rated health (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.96) after adjusting for socio-demographic covariates. There were also dose-response associations between IAT z-scores and health outcomes. The association between IAT z-scores and psychological distress was significantly stronger in males compared to females (p-value for interaction<0.05). Conclusions The study found strong gradients between levels of addiction to internet and health outcomes, suggesting that increased health risks may exist even at lower levels of internet addiction. The findings highlight the need for departure of current research from a focus on the classic dichotomy of problematic versus not problematic internet use and a move toward recognizing the potential hierarchical effects of IA on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zakir Hossin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of General Education, Eastern University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Azharul Islam
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Masum Billah
- Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahjabeen Haque
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Geirhos A, Domhardt M, Lunkenheimer F, Temming S, Holl RW, Minden K, Warschburger P, Meissner T, Mueller-Stierlin AS, Baumeister H. Feasibility and potential efficacy of a guided internet- and mobile-based CBT for adolescents and young adults with chronic medical conditions and comorbid depression or anxiety symptoms (youthCOACH CD): a randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:69. [PMID: 35093047 PMCID: PMC8800235 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with a chronic medical condition show an increased risk for developing mental comorbidities compared to their healthy peers. Internet- and mobile-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) might be a low-threshold treatment to support affected AYA. In this randomized controlled pilot trial, the feasibility and potential efficacy of youthCOACHCD, an iCBT targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression in AYA with chronic medical conditions, was evaluated. Methods A total of 30 AYA (Mage 16.13; SD= 2.34; 73% female), aged 12-21 years either suffering from cystic fibrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis or type 1 diabetes, were randomly assigned to either a guided version of the iCBT youthCOACHCD (IG, n=15) or to a waitlist control group (CG, n=15), receiving an unguided version of the iCBT six months post-randomization. Participants of the IG and the CG were assessed before (t0), twelve weeks after (t1) and six months after (t2) randomization. Primary outcome was the feasibility of the iCBT. Different parameters of feasibility e.g. acceptance, client satisfaction or potential side effects were evaluated. First indications of the possible efficacy with regard to the primary efficacy outcome, the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale, and further outcome variables were evaluated using linear regression models, adjusting for baseline values. Results Regarding feasibility, intervention completion was 60%; intervention satisfaction (M = 25.42, SD = 5.85) and perceived therapeutic alliance (M = 2.83, SD = 1.25) were moderate and comparable to other iCBTs. No patterns emerged regarding subjective and objective negative side effects due to participation in youthCOACHCD. Estimates of potential efficacy showed between group differences, with a potential medium-term benefit of youthCOACHCD (β = -0.55, 95%CI: -1.17; 0.07), but probably not short-term (β = 0.20, 95%CI: -0.47; 0.88). Conclusions Our results point to the feasibility of youthCOACHCD and the implementation of a future definitive randomized controlled trial addressing its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Due to the small sample size, conclusions are premature, however, further strategies to foster treatment adherence should be considered. Trial registration The trial was registered at the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Clinical Trials Register (ID: DRKS00016714, 25/03/2019). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03134-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Geirhos
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. .,Faculty of Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology Institute of Psychology and Education, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Lise-Meitner-Straße 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - M Domhardt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - F Lunkenheimer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - S Temming
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - K Minden
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Meissner
- Department of General, Paediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A S Mueller-Stierlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, BKH Günzburg, Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - H Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Kent S, Masterson C, Ali R, Parsons CE, Bewick BM. Digital Intervention for Problematic Smartphone Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413165. [PMID: 34948774 PMCID: PMC8701454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Smartphones have become the primary devices for accessing the online world. The potential for smartphone use to become problematic has come into increasing focus. Students and young adults have been shown to use their smartphones at high rates and may be at risk for problematic use. There is limited research evaluating interventions for problematic smartphone use. The present research aimed to develop and evaluate a digital intervention for problematic smartphone use in a student population. A mixed-method case series design was used. The participants were 10 students with mild–moderate dependency on the online world (measured via a self-report questionnaire). An intervention comprising goal setting, personalised feedback, mindfulness, and behavioural suggestions was delivered via a smartphone application. Time spent on smartphones was measured objectively through the same application. Changes in problematic technology use, wellbeing, mindfulness, and sleep were also evaluated. The findings indicate that the intervention resulted in a reduction in self-reported problematic smartphone use, but not screen time. The findings also indicate that over the course of participation, there was a positive influence on wellbeing, online dependency, mindfulness, and sleep. However, the mechanisms of change could not be determined. The study provides preliminary evidence that a light-touch, smartphone-delivered package is an acceptable and effective intervention for students wishing to better manage their problematic smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kent
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (B.M.B.)
| | | | - Raian Ali
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar;
| | - Christine E. Parsons
- Interacting Minds Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Bridgette M. Bewick
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (B.M.B.)
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Sallie SN, Ritou VJ, Bowden-Jones H, Voon V. Assessing online gaming and pornography consumption patterns during COVID-19 isolation using an online survey: Highlighting distinct avenues of problematic internet behavior. Addict Behav 2021; 123:107044. [PMID: 34311186 PMCID: PMC8434429 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has required drastic safety precautions to contain virus spread, involving a protracted self-isolation period. Those with greater perceived or actual life stress are vulnerable to develop problematic internet behaviors. Thus, we assessed how COVID-19 social isolation affected online gaming (OG) and pornography viewing (PV) in the general population. Methods We developed an online cross-sectional survey, Habit Tracker (HabiT), completed by 1,344 adults (≥18 years). HabiT was released internationally with individuals from 80 countries participating; a majority residing in the United States and United Kingdom. We measured changes in OG (IGDS9-SF) and PV (CYPAT) behaviors before and during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We also assessed psychiatric factors such as anxiety, depression (HADS), and impulsivity (SUPPS-P). The primary outcome measures were change in amount of, and current OG and PV severity during quarantine. These measures were related to ten COVID-19-related stress factors. Results Overall, we observed a large increase in OG and a minor increase in PV. Those who increased OG (63%) and PV (43%) during quarantine were younger individuals, males, those who left the quarantine household infrequently, those who reported low frequency or poor quality social interactions, and those with higher depression, anxiety, and urgency impulsivity. Discussion Our findings highlight similarities between forms of problematic internet behaviors driven by stress, depression, anxiety; while highlighting distinct avenues which these behaviors can manifest. Conclusion We emphasize the relevance of identifying those in need of emotional regulation interventions, to mitigate problematic internet behaviors in the context of COVID-19 isolation.
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Reissmann A, Lange KW. The role of loneliness in university students' pathological Internet use - a web survey study on the moderating effect of social web application use. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-15. [PMID: 34803337 PMCID: PMC8589454 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of social web application use in the association between loneliness and pathological Internet use. A sample of university students (n = 445) completed an online survey of their loneliness and Internet use, including an assessment of pathological Internet use level. Based on existing theory and empirical findings, loneliness was expected to be indirectly associated with pathological Internet use through social-compensatory Internet use motives. The strength of this indirect effect was hypothesized to be moderated by levels of social web application use. Results pointed to the specificity of social-compensatory use motives in mediating loneliness effects on pathological Internet use, while the size of these effects was moderated by quantity of social web application use. Findings suggest that lonely people with higher levels of social web activity show a stronger social-compensatory use orientation, which translates to higher levels of pathological Internet use. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed and several suggestions for future studies are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reissmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus W. Lange
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Dong X, Zhang R, Zhornitsky S, Le TM, Wang W, Li CSR, Zhang S. Depression Mediates the Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Internet Addiction in Female but Not Male Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215015. [PMID: 34768534 PMCID: PMC8584624 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction is associated with a range of psychological risk factors such as childhood trauma and depression. Studies have also suggested sex differences in internet and other behavioral addictions. However, it remains unclear how childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction inter-relate differently between the sexes. A total of 1749 adolescents and young adults aged 12–27 participated in a survey of sociodemographic characteristics and standardized assessments to evaluate internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Mediation and path analyses were used to examine the relationship between childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction. Internet-addicted females relative to males showed more severe depression but the control participants showed the opposite. Childhood trauma was associated with depression for both internet-addicted males and females; however, internet-addicted females but not males showed significant associations between depression and the severity of internet addiction as well as between childhood trauma and the severity of internet addiction. Further, in females, depression mediated the correlations between all types of childhood trauma and the severity of internet addiction. A path analysis suggested that sexual abuse and emotional neglect contributed most significantly to internet addiction when all types of childhood trauma were examined in one model. The findings suggest sex differences in the relationship between childhood trauma, depression and internet addiction. Childhood trauma contributes to internet addiction through depression only in females. The findings may guide future prevention and intervention strategies of internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Youth Mental Health Education Center, Department of Psychology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA; (S.Z.); (T.M.L.); (W.W.); (C.-S.R.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-159-2990-5919 (X.D.); +86-120-3974-7310 (S.Z.)
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of Economics and Management, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA; (S.Z.); (T.M.L.); (W.W.); (C.-S.R.L.)
| | - Thang M. Le
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA; (S.Z.); (T.M.L.); (W.W.); (C.-S.R.L.)
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA; (S.Z.); (T.M.L.); (W.W.); (C.-S.R.L.)
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA; (S.Z.); (T.M.L.); (W.W.); (C.-S.R.L.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519-1109, USA; (S.Z.); (T.M.L.); (W.W.); (C.-S.R.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-159-2990-5919 (X.D.); +86-120-3974-7310 (S.Z.)
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Hussain Z, Wegmann E, Griffiths MD. The association between problematic social networking site use, dark triad traits, and emotion dysregulation. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:160. [PMID: 34663456 PMCID: PMC8525015 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networking sites (SNSs) allow people to socially connect with each other, collaborate, and share information. However, problematic SNS use (PSNSU) may be associated with negative personality traits. The present study investigated the associations between PSNSU, dark triad personality traits, and emotion dysregulation. METHOD In the present study, 555 SNS users (Mage = 33.32 years, SD = 10.88) completed an online survey comprising measures of PSNSU, dark triad personality traits, and emotion dysregulation. RESULTS Bivariate correlations showed that PSNSU was significantly associated with dark triad traits as well as emotion dysregulation. Structural equation modelling (where the effect of the dark triad traits on PSNSU was mediated by emotion dysregulation) showed that 33.5% of the variance of PSNSU was explained by Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. CONCLUSION The findings provide suggestive evidence of why PSNSU may occur as a function of the presence of dark triad traits and emotion dysregulation. The study also highlighted the important role that emotion regulation plays in the association between dark triad traits and PSNSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Hussain
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Elisa Wegmann
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Andrie EK, Sakou II, Tzavela EC, Richardson C, Tsitsika AK. Adolescents' Online Pornography Exposure and Its Relationship to Sociodemographic and Psychopathological Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8100925. [PMID: 34682190 PMCID: PMC8534324 DOI: 10.3390/children8100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of online exposure to pornography in European adolescents and its relationship to sociodemographic and psychopathological correlates. A cross-sectional school-based survey of 10,930 adolescents (5211 males/5719 females), aged 14-17 years old (mean age 15.8 ± 0.7) was carried out in six European countries (Greece, Spain, Poland, Romania, the Netherlands, and Iceland). Anonymous self-completed questionnaires covered exposure to pornography, internet use and dysfunctional internet behavior, and psychopathological syndromes (measured by Achenbach's Youth Self-Report). The prevalence of any online exposure to pornography was 59% overall and 24% for exposure at least once a week. The likelihood of online exposure to pornography was greater in male adolescents, heavier internet users, and those who displayed dysfunctional internet behavior. Country-specific analyses confirmed that the gender effect existed in every country, although its strength varied, from an odds ratio of 1.88 in Poland to 14.9 in Greece. Online exposure to pornography was shown to be associated with externalizing problem scale scores, especially rule-breaking and aggressive behavior, but also associated with higher scores in competences, namely activities and social competence. Exposure to pornography is ubiquitous, more relevant to boys, and is associated with both positive qualities/competences and externalizing behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth K. Andrie
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.I.S.); (E.C.T.); (A.K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-771-0824
| | - Irene Ikbale Sakou
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.I.S.); (E.C.T.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Eleni C. Tzavela
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.I.S.); (E.C.T.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Clive Richardson
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Artemis K. Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.I.S.); (E.C.T.); (A.K.T.)
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Casale S, Fioravanti G, Spada MM. Modelling the contribution of metacognitions and expectancies to problematic smartphone use. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:788-798. [PMID: 34613932 PMCID: PMC8997219 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the current study we have sought to clarify the contribution of metacognitions concerning smartphone use relative to smartphone use expectancies in the relationship between well-established predisposing psychological factors and problematic smartphone use (PSU). We tested a model where psychological distress, impulsivity, and proneness to boredom predict metacognitions about smartphone use and smartphone use expectancies, which in turn predict PSU. METHODS A sample of 535 participants (F = 71.2%; mean age = 27.38 ± 9.05 years) was recruited. RESULTS The model accounted for 64% of the PSU variance and showed good fit indices (χ 2 = 16.01, df = 13, P = 0.24; RMSEA [90%CI] = 0.02 [0-0.05], CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.03). We found that: (i) when it comes to psychological distress and boredom proneness, negative metacognitions, and both positive and negative expectancies play a mediating role in the association with PSU, with negative metacognitions showing a dominant role; (ii) there is no overlap between positive expectancies and positive metacognitions, especially when it comes to smartphone use as a means for socializing; (iii) impulsivity did not show a significant effect on PSU Direct effects of the predictors on PSU were not found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The current study found additional support for applying metacognitive theory to the understanding of PSU and highlight the dominant role of negative metacognitions about smartphone in predicting PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Marcantonio M. Spada
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
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Sahanapriya GK, Bijulakshmi P, Rajendhiran G, Mathumathi S, Ramasubramanian V, Kannan M. A Cross-Sectional Study on Internet Addiction Among Adolescent Children of Parents With Mental Illness. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:422-427. [PMID: 34584308 PMCID: PMC8450747 DOI: 10.1177/0253717621999761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The internet can cause adverse psychological issues in children whose parents show less competence because of their mental illness. This study aims to find the level of internet addiction among adolescents who have a parent with psychiatric illness and its relationship to the type and duration of their parent's illness. METHOD This study was conducted among 283 adolescents whose parents suffered from mental illness. They were selected from the inpatient and outpatient services of a neuropsychiatric hospital in India. Informed written consent was obtained from the parent not suffering from psychiatric illness, and a semistructured interview accommodating various factors and statements from the internet addiction test was used to find the level of internet addiction. RESULT A total of 79.5% of adolescents showed scores indicative of internet addiction, with 14.5% of the participants having mild levels of addiction, 60.8% having moderate levels of addiction, and 4.2% having severe levels of addiction. There is a significant relationship between internet addiction scores and the type and duration of psychiatric illness in a parent. CONCLUSION The internet addiction scores in adolescents have a significant relationship to the various types of illnesses and the duration of illness of their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Sahanapriya
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Ahana Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Bijulakshmi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Ahana Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopi Rajendhiran
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Ahana Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Mathumathi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Ahana Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikhram Ramasubramanian
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Ahana Hospitals, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Director of Research, M.S. Chellamuthu Trust And Research Foundation, K.K. Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kannan
- Director of Research, M.S. Chellamuthu Trust And Research Foundation, K.K. Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sha P, Dong X. Research on Adolescents Regarding the Indirect Effect of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress between TikTok Use Disorder and Memory Loss. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168820. [PMID: 34444569 PMCID: PMC8393543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This research involved the participation of 3036 Chinese students in the first and second years of senior high school. The adolescents were active users of TikTok. The mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and stress between TikTok use disorder and memory loss was investigated. A forward and backward digit span test was applied to measure memory loss. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was established, and SPSS Amos was used for analysis. The results show a partial mediation effect of depression and anxiety between TikTok use disorder and forward digit span. A partial mediation effect of depression, anxiety, and stress between TikTok use disorder and backward digit span is also shown. These results also show gender differences. Attention should be given to male students, who have more depression, anxiety, and stress than female students; they also have more memory loss.
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Rumpf HJ, Batra A, Bischof A, Hoch E, Lindenberg K, Mann K, Montag C, Müller A, Müller KW, Rehbein F, Stark R, Wildt BT, Thomasius R, Wölfling K, Brand M. Vereinheitlichung der Bezeichnungen für Verhaltenssüchte. SUCHT 2021. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Es existiert eine Vielzahl von Begriffen für Verhaltenssüchte, die Mängel in Operationalisierung, Bezug zum Verhalten, Kompatibilität mit internationalen Klassifikationen sowie nicht stigmatisierender Nutzung aufweisen. Daher werden einheitliche Begriffe für Verhaltenssüchte benötigt. Methode: Im Rahmen einer Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Behandlung Internetbezogener Störungen wurden Lösungen in Form eines Expertenkonsens entwickelt. Ergebnisse: Als Grundlage wurde die Einteilung von Verhaltenssüchten in der 11. Revision der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) genutzt. Es wurden die Begriffe Computerspielstörung (CSS) und Glücksspielstörung (GSS) für die beiden in ICD-11 enthaltenen Verhaltenssüchte gewählt sowie drei weitere spezifizierte Verhaltenssüchte vorgeschlagen: Soziale-Netzwerke-Nutzungsstörung (SNS), Shoppingstörung (ShS) und Pornografie-Nutzungsstörung (PNS). Für CSS, GSS und ShS wird weiterhin zwischen vorwiegend online oder vorwiegend offline unterschieden. Als Oberbegriff wird Störungen aufgrund von Verhaltenssüchten vorgeschlagen. Für Störungen aufgrund von Verhaltenssüchten, die sich vorwiegend auf online ausgeübte Verhaltensweisen beziehen, kann alternativ der Oberbegriff Internetnutzungsstörungen verwendet werden. Schlussfolgerung: Die vorgeschlagenen Termini weisen Verbesserungen im Vergleich zu uneindeutigen oder aus anderen Gründen ungünstigen Begriffen dar. Gleichzeitig konnte eine Kompatibilität mit der ICD-11 ermöglicht werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Research Group S:TEP, Translational Psychiatry Unit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - Anil Batra
- Sektion für Suchtmedizin und Suchtforschung, Allgemeine Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie mit Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Anja Bischof
- Research Group S:TEP, Translational Psychiatry Unit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck
| | - Eva Hoch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München Campus Innenstadt, München
| | - Katajun Lindenberg
- Abteilung Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt
| | - Karl Mann
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Christian Montag
- Abteilung für Molekuare Psychologie, Institut für Psychologie und Pädagogik, Universität Ulm
| | - Astrid Müller
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Kai W. Müller
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | | | - Rudolf Stark
- Fachbereich Psychologie und Sportwissenschaften, Psychotherapie und Systemneurowissenschaften, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
| | - Bert te Wildt
- Psychosomatische Klinik Kloster Dießen, Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie am LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | - Matthias Brand
- Fachgebiet Allgemeine Psychologie: Kognition und Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), Universität Duisburg-Essen
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen
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Dell’Osso B, Di Bernardo I, Vismara M, Piccoli E, Giorgetti F, Molteni L, Fineberg NA, Virzì C, Bowden-Jones H, Truzoli R, Viganò C. Managing Problematic Usage of the Internet and Related Disorders in an Era of Diagnostic Transition: An Updated Review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:61-74. [PMID: 34497661 PMCID: PMC8386084 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) refers to a broad and likely heterogeneous group of Internet-related conditions associated with behavioural disturbances and functional impairment. METHODS Within PUI several conditions have been reported, including Gaming Disorder, Shopping Addiction, Cyberchondria, Gambling Disorder, Cyberpornography Addiction and Cyberbullying. While increasing reports in the field try to define the epidemiologic and clinical boundaries of these conditions, the rapid and continuous evolution of Internet related behaviours as well as their problematic/pathological expressions are often difficult to diagnose, assess, approach with treatment interventions and follow-up. RESULTS In addition, some of the PUI-related conditions show characteristics of addiction to the Internet as a preferential tool to engage in specific behaviours, while some others exclusively manifest on the Internet, making it necessary to find distinct assessment and treatment pathways. CONCLUSION The inclusion of Internet Gaming Disorder in Section III by the DSM-5 and the recognition of Gaming Disorder by the ICD-11 opened the way for a systematic clinical investigation of this and other PUI-related conditions, particularly in terms of preventive and therapeutic strategies. The present article is aimed at offering an updated clinical overview on the main expressions of PUI, focussing on the latest acquisitions in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Bernardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vismara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piccoli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giorgetti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Molteni
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Rosanne House, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL8 6HG, UK
- Center for Clinical & Health Research Services, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Calogero Virzì
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Henrietta Bowden-Jones
- Central North West London NHS Trust, Division of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Truzoli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Viganò
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
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Can Watching Online Videos Be Addictive? A Qualitative Exploration of Online Video Watching among Chinese Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147247. [PMID: 34299696 PMCID: PMC8306552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Watching online videos (including short-form videos) has become the most popular leisure activity in China. However, a few studies have reported the potential negative effects of online video watching behaviors (including the potential for ‘addiction’) among a minority of individuals. The present study investigated online video watching behaviors, motivational factors for watching online videos, and potentially addictive indicators of watching online videos. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 20 young Chinese adults. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Eight themes were identified comprising: (i) content is key; (ii) types of online video watching; (iii) platform function hooks; (iv) personal interests; (v) watching becoming habitual; (vi) social interaction needs; (vii) reassurance needs; and (viii) addiction-like symptoms. Specific video content (e.g., mukbang, pornography), platform-driven continuous watching, and short-form videos were perceived by some participants as being potentially addictive. Specific features or content on Chinese online video platforms (e.g., ‘Danmu’ scrolling comments) need further investigation. Future studies should explore users’ addictive-like behaviors in relation to specific types of online video content and their social interaction on these platforms.
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