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Hawley LL, Lisi DM, Richter MA, Selchen S, Rector NA. The Relationship of Rumination, Worry and OCD Symptoms During Technology Supported Mindfulness Therapy for OCD. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e3018. [PMID: 38948943 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we re-examined data from a previous randomized controlled trial investigating 'technology supported mindfulness' (TSM)-an 8-week treatment intervention for individuals experiencing OCD. The current analysis involves an examination of the longitudinal relationships between rumination, worry and OCD symptom changes during mindfulness treatment, in comparison to a waitlist control. METHODS Participants experiencing OCD (n = 71) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of (1) TSM or (2) waitlist control. We tested the extent to which rumination (using the Ruminative Response Scale) and worry (using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire) are associated with OCD symptom changes during the acute phase of treatment, concurrently (i.e., within the same longitudinal model). RESULTS Generalized linear model (GLM) results indicated a significant time (week 1 vs. week 8) by condition interaction involving decreased rumination in the TSM condition: F(1, 61) = 13.37, p = 0.001, partial η2 = 0.18 and observed power = 0.94. A second GLM demonstrated decreased worry in the TSM condition: F(1, 69) = 37.34, p = 0.001, partial η2 = 0.35 and observed power = 0.83. Longitudinal 'latent difference' structural equation analyses demonstrated a cross-lagged association between worry (but not rumination) and OCD symptom changes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals in the TSM condition experienced greater reductions in rumination and worry during 8 weeks of TSM treatment compared to the waitlist control, and reduced worry predicted subsequent OCD symptom reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Hawley
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana M Lisi
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret A Richter
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Selchen
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph Brant Hospital, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil A Rector
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Socci V, Pino MC, Carcione A, D'Aurizio G, Ferrara M, Tempesta D. The relationships among metacognitive functions, sleep-related thought-control strategies and sleep quality: A mediation analysis. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13912. [PMID: 37102280 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
In the context of sleep disturbances, increasing evidence suggests a critical role of sleep-related dysfunctional metacognitive activity, including metacognitive control of intrusive thoughts in the pre-sleep period. Although the relationship between sleep-related thought-control strategies and poor sleep quality is well recognized, the possible contribution of general metacognitive functioning within this relation is still unclear. In this study, we performed a mediation analysis to examine the role of thought-control strategies on the relationship between metacognitive abilities and sleep quality in individuals with different self-reported sleep characteristics. Two-hundred and forty-five individuals participated in the study. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Thought Control Questionnaire Insomnia-Revised, and the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale to evaluate sleep quality, thought-control strategies and metacognitive functions, respectively. The results showed that worry strategy in the pre-sleep period mediates the relationship between metacognitive functions and sleep quality. Particularly, the ability to understand one's mental states and mastery functions could be the two metacognitive domains primarily involved in the dysfunctional metacognitive thought-control activity responsible for reduced sleep quality. The observed effect suggests that inadequate metacognitive functioning is associated with poor sleep quality in healthy subjects via the mediation of dysfunctional worry strategy. These findings suggest the potential relevance of clinical interventions to enhance specific metacognitive abilities, with the aim to promote more functional strategies for managing cognitive and emotional processes during the pre-sleep period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Socci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pino
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonino Carcione
- Third Centre of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Italian School of Cognitive Psychotherapy (SICC), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Aurizio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniela Tempesta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Kurnaz S, Durmaz O. The relationship between metacognitive processes and cognitive performances in older adults with no significant impairment: a cross-sectional study. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:322-328. [PMID: 38247025 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metacognitive dysfunctions have been implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions, while cognitive performances have been evaluated by measuring cognitive domains in older adults. This study investigated a relationship between metacognitive processes and cognitive performances in older adults. METHODS A sociodemographic form, the Standardised Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) and the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) were applied to participants aged >65 years who had no significant cognitive decline defined as normal or with mild cognitive impairment. RESULTS 'Negative beliefs about worry' and 'need to control thoughts' domains of MCQ-30 were related to cognitive performance measured with SMMSE. Increased negative beliefs about worry were a predicting factor for total cognitive performance as a means of contributing to cognitive impairment, whereas an increased need to control thoughts was related to having a less likely cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Metacognitive dysfunctional processes, in particular about worry, might contribute to determining more decent outcomes for cognitive conditions in older adults with no significant cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Kurnaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Sancaktepe Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Durmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenköy Mental Health and Neurology Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li F, Yuan D, Gao C, Xiong K, Geng F, Zhang L. Validity and Reliability of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) among Chinese Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01625-7. [PMID: 37917240 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) in a sample of Chinese adolescents (1382 boys, 1445 girls) aged 11 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess factor structure, as well as, measurement invariance across demographic groups and clinical symptoms. The results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the original five-factor model. Configural, metric and scalar invariance of the five-factor model were also supported by gender, age, ethnicity, residence, parental education level, depression and anxiety status. Furthermore, all five subscales demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach alphas > 0.75) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.45). Finally, the five factors were positively related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and irritability and negatively related to positive childhood experiences and life satisfaction, indicating excellent validity. The findings provide initial evidence that the MCQ-30 is a valid measure for use in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Danyan Yuan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kaixin Xiong
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China.
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Nordahl H, Anyan F, Hjemdal O. Prospective Relations Between Dysfunctional Metacognitive Beliefs, Metacognitive Strategies, and Anxiety: Results From a Four-Wave Longitudinal Mediation Model. Behav Ther 2023; 54:765-776. [PMID: 37597956 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The metacognitive model of psychological disorders suggests that emotional disorders are related to maladaptive metacognitive strategies corresponding to underlying dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs. There is substantial empirical evidence supporting a role of metacognition in psychopathology, but fewer studies have evaluated the metacognitive model using longitudinal data and taken into consideration its differentiation between components and how they are hypothesized to be related to each other. Thus, more specific model evaluation is important as it relates to identifying mechanisms of disorder with a potential to provide clinical advances. In the present study, 868 participants took part in a 4-wave survey and reported on metacognitive beliefs and strategies and anxiety symptoms. Two longitudinal mediation models (forward and reversed causation) were run to test temporal precedence and bidirectional relations. The results indicated that metacognitive beliefs significantly predicted metacognitive strategies, which further predicted anxiety symptoms and mediated the indirect effect in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety over time. The relationship between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety symptoms over time were bidirectional, but this relationship was not accounted for by metacognitive strategies. These findings largely support central predictions set forward by the metacognitive model and indicate that metacognitions play a preceding and maintaining role in anxiety.
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Tourreix E, Besançon M, Gonthier C. Non-Cognitive Specificities of Intellectually Gifted Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Intell 2023; 11:141. [PMID: 37504784 PMCID: PMC10382067 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11070141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For several years, there was a growing interest in intellectual giftedness and in particular in the non-cognitive specificities of gifted individuals. This topic attracted much public attention and sometimes led to contradictions with the scientific literature. The current review synthesizes a broad set of results related to non-cognitive specificities of intellectual gifted in children and adolescents. This synthesis of scientific research on giftedness and its associated non-cognitive features does not support the conclusion that there is a stable profile across gifted individuals that would consistently separate them from non-gifted individuals. A few specificities in some areas are noted, but they are not necessarily being systematic. These specificities often turn out to be in favor of gifted youth, contrary to the view sometimes defended in the general public that gifted individuals suffer from major everyday difficulties. Finally, methodological issues are listed regarding the designs of existing studies, with recommendations for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tourreix
- DysCo Lab, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
- LP3C, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Corentin Gonthier
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL UR 4638), Nantes Université, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, 44312 Nantes, France
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Zhang MX, Yu SM, Demetrovics Z, Wu AMS. Metacognitive beliefs and anxiety symptoms could serve as mediators between fear of missing out and gaming disorder in adolescents. Addict Behav 2023; 145:107775. [PMID: 37336094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the vulnerability to and prevalence of emotional problems and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in adolescents, this study aimed to test the effects of fear of missing out (FoMO) on IGD and the mediating roles of metacognitive beliefs and anxiety symptoms based on the self-regulatory executive function (S-REF) model. At a Chinese high school, 283 participants (Mage = 16.89 years old; girls = 42.0%) with past-year gaming experience voluntarily completed an anonymous paper-and-pencil questionnaire. FoMO showed significant, positive associations with IGD, anxiety symptoms, and metacognitive beliefs. Results of path analysis showed a significant direct effect of FoMO on IGD, whereas anxiety symptoms mediated the relationship between FoMO and IGD. The indirect effects of FoMO on IGD via serial mediations of three negative metacognitive beliefs (i.e., negative beliefs about worry, low cognitive confidence, and beliefs regarding need for control) and anxiety symptoms were also statistically significant. These findings demonstrated that maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and anxiety are risk-enhancing mediators in the relationship between FoMO and IGD. Therefore, metacognitive therapy, particularly for regulating those three specific significant metacognitive beliefs, is recommended for treating IGD and anxiety, especially for those with higher levels of FoMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Psychological Research & Education Center, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu M Yu
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Barber KE, Zainal NH, Newman MG. Positive relations mediate the bidirectional connections between depression and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:387-394. [PMID: 36584704 PMCID: PMC9893796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) co-occur at high rates, often preceding and predicting one another over long durations. Interpersonal theories propose that relationships with others may contribute to the longitudinal connections between MDD and GAD. Therefore, the current study examined the mediational effect of positive relations with others in these connections over 18 years. METHODS Community-dwelling adults (n = 3294) participated in data collection at three time-points (Time 1 [T1], Time 2 [T2], and Time 3 [T3]) spaced about nine years apart. MDD and GAD symptoms were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form. Positive relations was measured with the Psychological Well-Being Scale-Positive Relations with Others subscale. Structural equation mediation modeling was used for data analysis. RESULTS Results indicated that lower T2 positive relations significantly mediated the relationship between higher T1 MDD severity predicting more severe T3 GAD symptoms (d = 0.375) and explained 10.7% of the variance. T2 positive relations also had a significant mediational effect in the association between T1 GAD symptoms positively predicting T3 MDD severity (d = 0.360), accounting for 12.2% of the variance of this connection. These mediational effects were significant after adjusting for age, gender, education, and T1 symptoms (d = 0.277-0.677). CONCLUSIONS Supporting interpersonal theories, lack of positive relations with others mediated the bidirectional connections between MDD and GAD symptoms across 18 years. Future research should continue to explore the influence of positive relations on mental health and whether treatments that enhance interpersonal functioning could improve treatment for depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Barber
- Marquette University, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA; The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Nur Hani Zainal
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle G Newman
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA, USA
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Nordahl H, Vollset T, Hjemdal O. An empirical test of the metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Scand J Psychol 2022; 64:263-267. [PMID: 36321682 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) places worrying, meta-worry ("worry about worry") and corresponding underlying metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about worry) as central in the maintenance of symptoms. Previous research has demonstrated significant relationships between these factors and symptoms, but no study has tested the statistical fit of this influential model including its hypothesized components and the suggested paths between them. The aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate the fit of the metacognitive model of GAD. A total of 312 participants constituting an analogue GAD sample were included in a cross-sectional study and completed self-report measures of anxiety and depression symptoms and scales relevant to the metacognitive model. Metacognitions, worry, and meta-worry in their hypothesized order provided a good model fit and explained significant and substantial variance in symptoms. These results provide further support for the metacognitive model of GAD and demonstrates separate and unique contributions from worry and meta-worry to generalized anxiety symptoms of which meta-worry was the most influential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nordahl
- Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Tarjei Vollset
- Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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Johnson MS, Skjerdingstad N, Ebrahimi OV, Hoffart A, Johnson SU. Parenting in a Pandemic: Parental stress, anxiety and depression among parents during the government-initiated physical distancing measures following the first wave of COVID-19. Stress Health 2022; 38:637-652. [PMID: 34902219 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on the tenets of family stress theory, the aim of this study is to examine parents' perceived stress, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and associated risk- and protective factors across demographic subgroups during in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Norwegian parents (N = 2868; 79.5% mothers) with >1 child under 18 years of age completed an online survey two weeks after the implementation of government-initiated distancing measures. The survey includes measures of COVID-related risk factors (parental stress, burnout, depression, anxiety, anger of parents towards children, difficulty working from home, and positive beliefs about worry) and protective factors (self-efficacy and social support). Mothers, parents living with more than one child, and parents with a psychiatric diagnosis reported greater levels of parental stress, more burnout, and more anger towards their children, as well as less social support. Almost 25% of the parents reported anxiety and depression that are clinically significant. Parents who followed distancing measures reported significantly higher distress. Anger of parents towards children explains 41% of the variation in parental stress. These findings indicate that parents have experienced symptoms of deteriorated mental health due to the COVID- 19 pandemic, including parental stress, anxiety, and depression. The study presents practical implications for meso- and macro-level policymaking and offers support to further the potential aims of public health and clinical interventions. Future studies to monitor long-term aversive mental health outcomes among parents are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Omid V Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Asle Hoffart
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Sverre Urnes Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
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AY T, HIZLI SAYAR FG. Association between Metacognitive Beliefs and COVID-19 phobia in a community population: a cross-sectional study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35791304 PMCID: PMC9247909 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and COVID-19 phobia. The sample included 514 Turkish adults, 295 of whom are women (57,4%), and 219 are men (42,6%). Their ages ranged between 18 and 70 years (M = 32.96, SD = 10.79). COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) and Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) were administered. Our analysis showed that women reported significantly higher COVID-19 phobia. The participants with chronic illnesses showed significantly higher COVID-19 phobia and MCQ-30 scores. It was found that C19P-S total score positively correlated with negative beliefs about worry concerning uncontrollability of thoughts, the need to control thoughts, cognitive self-consciousness, positive beliefs, cognitive confidence, and MCQ-30 total score respectively (r = .47, p < .001; r = .33, p < .001; r = .30, p < .001; r = .29, p < .001; r = .12, p < .001; r = .44, p < .001). Then, hierarchical multiple regression was conducted, and the relationships were tested via structural equation modeling. To sum up, it can be concluded that negative beliefs about worry concerning the uncontrollability of thoughts contribute to COVID-19 phobia. However, explained variance was small suggesting that there are additional factors involved. These results provided preliminary findings relating to the association between metacognitive beliefs and coronavirus phobia symptoms. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the causal direction of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba AY
- Gebze Technical College, Turkish Ministry of National Education, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Yu M, Lv F, Liu Z, Gao D. How negative automatic thoughts trigger Chinese adolescents’ social anxiety: The mediation effect of meta-worry. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Schwinn JK, Giusti Alves S, Costa MDA, Gonçalves F, Dreher CB, Manfro GG. Validation and clinical application of the Metacognitions Questionnaire in a sample of Brazilian generalized anxiety disorder patients: the effects of different treatment interventions. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 45:e20210444. [PMID: 35550033 PMCID: PMC10597382 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metacognitive beliefs about worry may trigger anxiety. However, the effect of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) treatment on metacognition has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES To validate the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) in a Brazilian GAD sample and verify whether different interventions reduce metacognitive beliefs. METHOD We recruited 180 GAD individuals and randomized them to Body in Mind Training (BMT), Fluoxetine (FLX), or an active control group (Quality of Life [QoL]) for 8 weeks. The MCQ-30 was assessed for internal consistency, was evaluated with confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, and was tested for convergent validity with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to analyze differences after the interventions. RESULTS The MCQ-30 demonstrated good internal consistency and acceptability; the original five-factor model was supported. There was a positive moderate correlation between MCQ-30 scores and worry. GEE showed a significant group x time interaction (p < 0.001). Both BMT (mean difference [MD] = -6.04, standard error [SE] = -2.39, p = 0.034) and FLX (MD = -5.78, SE = 1.91, p = 0.007) reduced MCQ-30 scores. FLX was superior to QoL, but not BMT, at weeks 5 and 8. There were no differences between BMT and QoL. CONCLUSION The Brazilian-Portuguese version of MCQ-30 showed good psychometric properties. Furthermore, the positive effect of FLX and BMT on metacognition suggests it may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karl Schwinn
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade (PROTAN), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Giusti Alves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade (PROTAN), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marianna de Abreu Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade (PROTAN), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- UFRGSHCPAPorto AlegreRSBrazil UFRGS, HCPA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Francine Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade (PROTAN), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Blaya Dreher
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade (PROTAN), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- UFRGSHCPAPorto AlegreRSBrazil UFRGS, HCPA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade (PROTAN), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- UFRGSHCPAPorto AlegreRSBrazil UFRGS, HCPA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Wu JL, Hamilton JL, Fresco DM, Alloy LB, Stange JP. Decentering predicts attenuated perseverative thought and internalizing symptoms following stress exposure: A multi-level, multi-wave study. Behav Res Ther 2022; 152:104017. [PMID: 35316616 PMCID: PMC9007852 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While research identifies a growing list of risk factors for anxiety and depression, it is equally important to identify potential protective factors that may prevent or reduce vulnerability to developing internalizing psychopathology. We hypothesized that forms of perseverative thinking, such as rumination and worry, act as mechanisms linking negative life experiences and prospective symptoms of anxiety and depression. More specifically, we investigated whether decentering, the meta-cognitive capacity to adopt a distanced perspective toward one's thoughts and feelings, serves as a protective factor at various points along this mediational pathway. A sample of 181 undergraduate students were recruited and assessed at five time points over a 12-week period. Multilevel modeling indicated that decentering was associated with an attenuated impact of (1) negative events on prospective depressive symptoms; (2) negative events on prospective brooding, and (3) brooding, pondering and worry on prospective internalizing symptoms. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses provided partial support for the hypothesis that perseverative thinking would mediate the longitudinal associations between negative life events and internalizing symptoms, with decentering attenuating risk at several connections of the indirect pathways. The strongest support was provided for moderated mediation models in which decentering was associated with attenuated relationships between negative events, brooding, and symptoms of depression. This study is the first to elucidate the role of decentering as a protective factor against anxiety and depressive symptoms at different points in the path from stress to perseverative thought to internalizing symptoms. Decentering therefore may be a critical target for clinical intervention to promote resilience against anxiety and depression.
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15
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Kleine AK, Schmitt A, Keller AC. Career Planning and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Students’ Career-Related Worry: Direct and Mediated Pathways. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08948453221078950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study seeks to shed light on social-cognitive resources that mitigate master students’ experience of dysfunctional career-related worry before graduation. Based on the career self-management model (CSM; Lent & Brown, 2013 ), we investigate concurrent and time-lagged direct and mediated relationships between career planning, career-related self-efficacy, and career-related worry among a sample of 482 students shortly before graduation. Using data collected at three time points, a negative relationship was found between career planning (T1) and career-related worry (T3) via career-related self-efficacy (T2). Our findings shed light on the role of career planning and career-related self-efficacy as malleable social-cognitive resources that diminish dysfunctional thinking before graduation in sequential order. These findings imply that career planning and career-related self-efficacy are relevant predictors of affective states and can be incorporated into the CSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Kleine
- Department of Organizational Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Antje Schmitt
- Department of Organizational Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anita C. Keller
- Department of Organizational Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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16
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Gorday JY, Bardeen JR. The Interactive Effect of Anxiety Sensitivity and Metacognitive Beliefs on Anxiety. J Cogn Psychother 2022; 36:60-69. [PMID: 35121679 DOI: 10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) has been identified as a contributing factor to the development and maintenance of anxiety. Individuals with high AS are sensitive to bodily cues and anxiety-related thoughts and often misinterpret these stimuli as catastrophic or dangerous. Similarly, negative and positive metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about thinking) are believed to increase internal threat monitoring and the use of maladaptive coping strategies, which may increase the impact of AS on anxiety. As such, the purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating role of metacognitive beliefs on the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and anxiety. Adult participants (N = 417), recruited through an online crowdsourcing website, completed a battery of measures assessing the constructs of interest. Results from multiple linear regression indicated that the relationship between AS and anxiety became significantly stronger as negative and positive metacognitive beliefs increased, thus suggesting that negative and positive metacognitive beliefs may exacerbate the effect of AS on anxiety. The development of risk profiles that incorporate AS and negative and positive metacognitive beliefs may be beneficial for early identification of individuals at high risk for the development of anxiety.
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17
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Cheng C, Ebrahimi OV, Luk JW. Heterogeneity of Prevalence of Social Media Addiction Across Multiple Classification Schemes: Latent Profile Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e27000. [PMID: 35006084 PMCID: PMC8787656 DOI: 10.2196/27000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As social media is a major channel of interpersonal communication in the digital age, social media addiction has emerged as a novel mental health issue that has raised considerable concerns among researchers, health professionals, policy makers, mass media, and the general public. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of social media addiction derived from 4 major classification schemes (strict monothetic, strict polythetic, monothetic, and polythetic), with latent profiles embedded in the empirical data adopted as the benchmark for comparison. The extent of matching between the classification of each scheme and the actual data pattern was evaluated using sensitivity and specificity analyses. The associations between social media addiction and 2 comorbid mental health conditions—depression and anxiety—were investigated. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted, and the replicability of findings was assessed in 2 independent samples comprising 573 adults from the United Kingdom (261/573, 45.6% men; mean age 43.62 years, SD 12.24 years) and 474 adults from the United States (224/474, 47.4% men; mean age 44.67 years, SD 12.99 years). The demographic characteristics of both samples were similar to those of their respective populations. Results The prevalence estimates of social media addiction varied across the classification schemes, ranging from 1% to 15% for the UK sample and 0% to 11% for the US sample. The latent profile analysis identified 3 latent groups for both samples: low-risk, at-risk, and high-risk. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were high (83%-100%) for all classification schemes, except for the relatively lower sensitivity (73%-74%) for the polythetic scheme. However, the polythetic scheme had high positive predictive values (88%-94%), whereas such values were low (2%-43%) for the other 3 classification schemes. The group membership yielded by the polythetic scheme was largely consistent (95%-96%) with that of the benchmark. Conclusions Among the classification schemes, the polythetic scheme is more well-balanced across all 4 indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cheng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Omid V Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Jeremy W Luk
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Greenhouse-Tucknott A, Butterworth JB, Wrightson JG, Harrison NA, Dekerle J. Effect of the subjective intensity of fatigue and interoception on perceptual regulation and performance during sustained physical activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262303. [PMID: 34986186 PMCID: PMC8730470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The subjective experience of fatigue impairs an individual’s ability to sustain physical endurance performance. However, precise understanding of the specific role perceived fatigue plays in the central regulation of performance remains unclear. Here, we examined whether the subjective intensity of a perceived state of fatigue, pre-induced through prior upper body activity, differentially impacted performance and altered perceived effort and affect experienced during a sustained, isometric contraction in lower body. We also explored whether (cardiac) interoception predicted the intensity of experienced perceptual and affective responses and moderated the relationships between constructs during physical activity. Methods Using a repeated-measures study design, thirty male participants completed three experimental conditions, with the intensity of a pre-induced state of fatigue manipulated to evoke moderate (MOD), severe (SEV) and minimal (control; CON) intensity of perceptions prior to performance of the sustained contraction. Results Performance of the sustained contraction was significantly impaired under a perceived state of fatigue, with reductions of 10% and 14% observed in the MOD and SEV conditions, respectively. Performance impairment was accompanied by greater perceived effort and more negative affective valence reported during the contraction. However, effects were limited to comparisons to CON, with no difference evident between the two experimental trials (i.e. MOD vs. SEV). Individuals’ awareness of their accuracy in judging resting heartbeats was shown to predict the subjective intensity of fatigue experienced during the endurance task. However, interoception did not moderate the relationships evident between fatigue and both perceived effort and affective valence. Conclusions A perceived state of fatigue limits endurance performance, influencing both how effortful activity is perceived to be and the affective experience of activity. Though awareness of interoceptive representations of bodily states may be important to the subjective experience of fatigue, interoception does not modulate the relationships between perceived fatigue and other perceptual (i.e. effort) and affective constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Greenhouse-Tucknott
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jake B. Butterworth
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - James G. Wrightson
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Neil A. Harrison
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanne Dekerle
- Fatigue and Exercise Laboratory, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
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19
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Green SM, Furtado M, Inness BE, Frey BN, McCabe RE. Characterizing Worry Content and Impact in Pregnant and Postpartum Women with Anxiety Disorders During COVID-19. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:1144-1157. [PMID: 34931741 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The novel COVID pandemic has had a substantial impact on global mental health, including those populations that are inherently vulnerable such as pregnant and postpartum (perinatal) women. Anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most common mental health disorders during the perinatal period, affecting up to 1 in 5 women. However, since the onset of the pandemic, up to 60% of perinatal women are experiencing moderate to severe levels of anxiety. Given the substantial increase in perinatal anxiety during COVID, we sought to better understand its phenomenology by characterizing the collective worry content and impact of COVID using a content analysis. Eighty-four treatment-seeking pregnant (n = 35) and postpartum (n = 49) women with a principal AD, participated in this study between April and October 2020. In addition to completing questionnaire measures and a semi-structured diagnostic interview, participants were asked to 1) describe their top excessive and uncontrollable worries; 2) describe additional COVID and non-COVID worries; and 3) describe how the pandemic had affected their lives. All responses were given verbally and transcribed verbatim by assessors. A content analysis led to the emergence of various COVID and non-COVID worry and impact themes. One third of participant's principal worries were specific to COVID, and 40% of COVID worries were specific to the perinatal context. Understanding the worry content and impact of COVID may improve symptom detection and inform the development of targeted treatment strategies to support the mental health needs of perinatal women with ADs throughout the pandemic and thereafter. Understanding pandemic-specific worries is important for perinatal symptom screening and may allow for the development of targeted treatment strategies to address COVID-specific worries and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl M Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Furtado
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Briar E Inness
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randi E McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Bounoua N, Goodling S, Sadeh N. Cross-Lagged Analysis of COVID-19-Related Worry and Media Consumption in a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Sample of Community Adults. Front Psychol 2021; 12:728629. [PMID: 34955958 PMCID: PMC8692940 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.728629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in an array of mental health problems. Previous research has shown that media exposure to stressful situations is often related to anxiety and stress. However, given that most existing work has used cross-sectional designs, less is known about the interplay of media exposure and worry as they unfold during sustained exposure to a collective stressor. The current study examined bidirectional associations between COVID-related worry and media consumption over a three-month period. Participants were 87 community adults, the majority of whom were recruited from communities heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. For three consecutive months, participants asked to indicate how much time they spent worrying and consuming news about the COVID-19 pandemic on a scale from 1 ("never") to 5 ("most of the day"). Cross-lagged analyses revealed that Pandemic Worry at Month 1 predicted increases in Pandemic Media Consumption at Month 2, which in turn predicted increases in Pandemic Worry at Month 3. Findings suggest that media consumption may be a maladaptive coping strategy that has the iatrogenic effect of increasing worry. Clarifying the causal associations between anxiety-perpetuating processes and media consumption may have important clinical implications for understanding and treating mental health during health pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bounoua
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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21
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Gvozden TV, Baucal A, Krstic K, Filipović S. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Tendency to Worry as Mediators Between Trust in Institutions and Social Support and Fear of Coronavirus and Consequences of the Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:737188. [PMID: 34858272 PMCID: PMC8631188 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to formulate and test a model integrating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) findings regarding the importance of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and tendency to worry with findings regarding the importance of trust in institutions, other people, and social support. We assumed that trust in institutions, other people, and social support reduce fear of the coronavirus and of the consequences of the pandemic in a direct way, but also indirectly by enhancing one’s sense of control and diminishing the tendency to worry which, further, attenuates fear of the coronavirus and fear of the consequences of the pandemic. An online survey was conducted among the Serbian general population (N = 1409, 78.1% female, M = 38.82, SD = 9.24) at the end of April 2020, which included questionnaires on fear of SARS-CoV-2, fear of consequences of the pandemic, social support, trust in other people and trust in political and health institutions. The model has been validated by data from our study suggesting that it represents one possible pattern of interrelationships between social and intrapsychic variables in the pandemic situation. Results also showed that the COVID-19 related fears are related more strongly to intrapsychic variables – IU and tendency to worry – than to variables operationalizing social context relevant for coping with pandemic at the social and individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandar Baucal
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Krstic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Severina Filipović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Mohammadkhani S, Akbari M, West A, Mazloom M, Gezloo F. The Relationship of Metacognition with Worry: The Mediating Role of Emotional Flexibility and Affective Style. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-021-00422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Wahlund T, Hesser H, Perrin S, Johansson S, Huhn V, Sörhus S, Lindskog S, Serlachius E, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Ljótsson B, Andersson E. Therapist-guided online metacognitive intervention for excessive worry: a randomized controlled trial with mediation analysis. Cogn Behav Ther 2021; 51:21-41. [PMID: 34283004 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1937695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found an association between excessive worrying and negative beliefs about worry. It is unclear if change in these beliefs mediate worry reduction. This study aimed to examine (1) if a simplified online metacognitive intervention can reduce worry, (2) whether changes in negative beliefs about worry mediate changes in worry severity, and (3) moderated mediation, i.e., if the mediating effect is more pronounced in individuals with a high degree of negative beliefs about worry at baseline. Adult excessive worriers (N = 108) were randomized to 10-weeks of the online metacognitive intervention (MCI) aimed at reducing negative beliefs about worry, or to wait-list (WL). Outcomes, mediation, and moderated mediation were examined via growth curve modelling. Results indicated a significant reduction in the MCI group (d = 1.6). Reductions in negative beliefs about worry and depressive symptoms separately mediated changes in worry severity during the intervention, but in a multivariate test only the former remained significant. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the hypothesized mediation was robust to possible violations of mediator-outcome confounding. The moderated mediation hypothesis was not supported. The results from this randomized trial add to the growing literature suggesting that negative beliefs about worry play a key role in worry-related problems. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03393156.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Wahlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Hesser
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Center for Health and Medical Psychology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sean Perrin
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sanna Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Vilgot Huhn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Sara Sörhus
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Severin Lindskog
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Eva Serlachius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hedman-Lagerlöf
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Erik Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet
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24
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Oliveira JT, Faustino D, Freitas F, Gonçalves MM, Ribeiro E, Gonçalves S, Machado PPP. Penn State Worry Questionnaire in emotional disorders: validation and normative data for Portuguese population. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2021.1897969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Tiago Oliveira
- CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - Divo Faustino
- CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - Fátima Freitas
- CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Gonçalves
- CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Ribeiro
- CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - Paulo P. P. Machado
- CIPsi - Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
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25
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Natalini E, Fioretti A, Riedl D, Moschen R, Eibenstein A. Tinnitus and Metacognitive Beliefs-Results of a Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Brain Sci 2020; 11:brainsci11010003. [PMID: 33374519 PMCID: PMC7822113 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the role of metacognitions as a moderator for psychological distress in patients with chronic diseases. The present study investigates the role of metacognitions and worry in the association between tinnitus distress, anxiety, and depression. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of tinnitus-outpatients who completed the Tinnitus-Handicap Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Metacognition Questionnaire-30, Penn-State-Worry-Questionnaire. Associations of metacognitions, worries, tinnitus distress, anxiety and depression were investigated using structural equation models (SEMs). A sample of n = 107 patients was included in the study. In the first SEM, tinnitus distress significantly predicted depression (β = 0.68, p < 0.001) and anxiety (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). In the second model, worries and meta-cognitions were added as moderators. The explained variance substantially increased for depression (46 to 53%) and anxiety (22 to 35%) and the association of tinnitus distress with depression (β = 0.57, p < 0.001) and anxiety was weakened (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Negative beliefs significantly predicted worries (β = 0.51, p < 0.001) and explained 41% of its variance. A good model fit for the final model was found (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.98; (Tucker Lewis index) TLI = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.067). Anxiety and depression in tinnitus patients might be influenced by worries, which is mainly predicted by negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of worries. Thus, psychotherapeutic approaches focused on alterations of metacognitions in patients with tinnitus should be investigated in future studies.3 (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Natalini
- Tinnitus Center, European Hospital, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (A.E.)
| | - Alessandra Fioretti
- Tinnitus Center, European Hospital, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3393-276-971
| | - David Riedl
- University Clinic of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Moschen
- University Clinic of Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Alberto Eibenstein
- Tinnitus Center, European Hospital, 00149 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (A.E.)
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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26
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Rachor GS, Penney AM. Exploring metacognitions in health anxiety and chronic pain: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:81. [PMID: 32767986 PMCID: PMC7412818 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of health anxiety (HA) in chronic pain is associated with adverse outcomes. As such, it is important to identify constructs that might influence HA and pain-related outcomes. Metacognitions are an emerging area of interest in both HA and chronic pain, but the relationship between the three factors has not been extensively examined. The current study sought to examine the role of metacognitions about health in HA and pain-related outcomes in chronic pain. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional design. Undergraduate students with self-reported chronic pain (n = 179) completed online measures of HA, pain intensity, pain disability, and metacognitions about health. Results Regression analyses indicated that both metacognitions about biased thinking and that thoughts are uncontrollable predicted HA in chronic pain, while only metacognitions about biased thinking predicted pain-related disability beyond pain intensity. Conclusion Results demonstrate that HA and pain-related disability are not associated when taking metacognitions about health into account, suggesting that metacognitions about health at least partially account for the relationship between the two. Further, results suggest that metacognitions about biased thinking may independently influence HA and pain-related disability within chronic pain.
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27
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Chapman B, Swainston J, Grunfeld EA, Derakshan N. COVID-19 Outbreak Effects on Job Security and Emotional Functioning Amongst Women Living With Breast Cancer. Front Psychol 2020; 11:582014. [PMID: 33192902 PMCID: PMC7658194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.582014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has negatively impacted global economies and employment. In the UK, it is predicted that approximately eight million jobs were furloughed as a result of the outbreak and the associated restriction of movement or shielding measures. This study aimed to investigate the impact of changes in employment status on cognitive and emotional health as well as perceptions of work. Furthermore, it examined the relationships between women's job security and anxiety, depression and cognitive function. Women living with breast cancer (N = 234) completed online questionnaires to measure their cognitive function, general emotional well-being, COVID-19 related emotional vulnerability (COVID-EMV), work ability and COVID-19 related perceptions of work. Our results revealed that threat to job security was predictive of depression and cognitive function in the entire sample Such that those with higher levels of perceived job security had lower depression and better cognitive function. Further, women who were furloughed or unable to continue work reported higher job insecurity compared to those who had worked throughout the pandemic. Greater rumination was also associated with worse anxiety and depression as well as poorer cognitive function. Finally, moderation analysis highlighted that women who had better cognitive functioning were less likely to experience anxiety when their job security was high. Given our findings, we suggest that employers provide women with accessible interventions to enhance cognitive and emotional resilience and thus help protect against the detrimental effects of job insecurity created by the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Chapman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Anyan F, Morote R, Hjemdal O. Temporal and Reciprocal Relations Between Worry and Rumination Among Subgroups of Metacognitive Beliefs. Front Psychol 2020; 11:551503. [PMID: 33013595 PMCID: PMC7516079 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.551503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metacognitive theory provides strong foundation for hypothesizing relations between worry and rumination among subgroups of metacognitive beliefs. However, empirical exploration of prospective and reciprocal relations between worry and rumination are lacking. This study investigated the stability and relations between worry and rumination to better understand how they influence each other over time, and how different levels of metacognitive beliefs affect relations between (i) initial and future worry, and initial and future rumination, and (ii) the cross-lag relations between worry and rumination. Overall, 482 (Females = 63%) participants (Mean age = 26 years) participated in a two-wave data collection and completed the Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), the Ruminative Response Scale and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). A multigroup two-wave autoregressive cross-lagged model was estimated. Multigroup autoregression analyses revealed that independent of participants being in the high or low metacognition group, initial levels of worry predicted future levels of worry, as was the case for rumination. Multigroup cross-lagged analyses revealed that initial levels of worry did not predict future levels of rumination in both high and low levels of metacognitions. However, initial rumination predicted future levels of worry in the high metacognitions group, which was not the case for the low metacognitions group. Thus, high levels of metacognitions do not only strengthen the relation between both present and future worry, present and future rumination, but also present rumination with future worry. This finding may imply that those with rumination related conditions at present are more likely in the future to show both rumination and worry related conditions. Conversely, those with worry related conditions show future worry related conditions. These findings may have implications for a clinical sample regarding the high complexity of rumination conditions that may proceed with multifinality causal pathways especially for individuals with high levels of metacognitions. This complexity may be a possible explanation for the limited success in other traditional treatment of rumination related conditions and the relatively high relapse rates for such conditions in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Anyan
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roxanna Morote
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Ballesio A, Bacaro V, Vacca M, Chirico A, Lucidi F, Riemann D, Baglioni C, Lombardo C. Does cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia reduce repetitive negative thinking and sleep-related worry beliefs? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 55:101378. [PMID: 32992228 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), i.e., worry, rumination, and transdiagnostic repetitive thinking, is thought to exacerbate and perpetuate insomnia in cognitive models. Moreover, RNT is a longitudinal precursor of depression and anxiety, which are often co-present alongside insomnia. Whilst accumulating evidence supports the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms, the literature on the effects of CBT-I on RNT has never been systematically appraised. Importantly, preliminary evidence suggests that reduction of RNT following CBT-I may be associated with reduction of depression and anxiety. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of CBT-I on RNT. Seven databases were searched, and 15 randomised controlled trials were included. Results showed moderate-to-large effects of CBT-I on worry (Hedge's g range: -0.41 to g = -0.71) but small and non-reliable effects on rumination (g = -0.13). No clear evidence was found for an association between post-treatment reduction in RNT and post-treatment reduction in depression and anxiety. Although the literature is small and still developing, CBT-I seems to have a stronger impact on sleep-related versus general measures of RNT. We discuss a research agenda aimed at advancing the study of RNT in CBT-I trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bacaro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome "G. Marconi"- Telematic, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome "G. Marconi"- Telematic, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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30
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Capobianco L, Faija C, Husain Z, Wells A. Metacognitive beliefs and their relationship with anxiety and depression in physical illnesses: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238457. [PMID: 32911486 PMCID: PMC7500039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are common among patients with chronic physical illnesses
and have a significant impact on morbidity, quality of life, and health service
utilisation. Psychological treatment of anxiety and depression has small to
moderate efficacy in this group and is not commonly based on a model of causal
mechanisms. A novel approach to understanding and improving mental health
outcomes in physical illnesses is needed. One approach may be to explore the
role of metacognitive beliefs which are reliably associated with anxiety and
depression in individuals with mental health difficulties. The current
systematic review aimed to evaluate the contribution of metacognitive beliefs to
anxiety and depression across physical illnesses. Systematic searches were
conducted on Web of Science, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL of studies
published between 1997 and January 2019. 13 eligible studies were identified
that in sum comprised 2851 participants. Metacognitive beliefs were found to
have reliable, moderate, positive and significant associations with anxiety and
depression symptoms across a range of physical illnesses. There appeared to be
commonality and some specificity in the relationships. Negative metacognitive
beliefs concerned with uncontrollability and danger of worry were associated
with both anxiety and depression across all physical illnesses assessed, whilst
more specific associations emerged for individual medical conditions where
positive beliefs about worry, cognitive confidence and cognitive
self-consciousness were unique correlates. Negative metacognitive beliefs of
uncontrollability and danger significantly and positively predicted symptoms of
anxiety and depression after controlling for factors including age, gender,
disease factors and cognition (illness perceptions and intolerance of
uncertainty). The results suggest that the metacognitive model of psychological
disorder is applicable to psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression
across a range of chronic medical conditions, implying that metacognitive
therapy might be helpful in improving outcomes in multiple morbidities that
involve poor mental and medical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Capobianco
- Research and Innovation, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation
Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Cintia Faija
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, Faculty of Biology,
Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University
of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zara Husain
- Research and Innovation, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation
Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Wells
- Research and Innovation, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation
Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Psychological
Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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31
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Anyan F, Morote R, Hjemdal O. Prospective relations between loneliness in different relationships, metacognitive beliefs, worry and common mental health problems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2020.200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Sherwood A, Carydias E, Whelan C, Emerson DLM. The explanatory role of facets of dispositional mindfulness and negative beliefs about worry in anxiety symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wu JH, Du JK, Lee CY, Lee HE, Tsai TC. Effects of anxiety on dental students' noncognitive performance in their first objective structured clinical examination. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:850-856. [PMID: 32449270 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-dentist discourse is a core nonoperational competency in dental education. The skills of querying patients and responding to questions are noncognitive attributes, and their evaluation by the standardized patient objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is particularly necessary. However, it is not clear whether students' test anxiety affects these attributes. This study aims to examine the relationship between dental students' state-trait anxiety, noncognitive performance, and examination results during their first OSCE. A single dental school cohort (n = 226) of 5 year students attending their first clinical examination from 2014 to 2017 was studied. Participants completed the Chinese Mandarin Version State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y form before taking the OSCE. The difference between state and trait anxiety levels was compared by paired t test. Gender differences and the effect of age group in these anxiety levels were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Moreover, gender, age group, state anxiety, and trait anxiety scores were compared with the OSCE items of noncognitive performance using a chi-square test. Students showed significantly higher state anxiety than trait anxiety levels; moreover, women showed significantly higher state anxiety than men. Furthermore, gender, age group, state anxiety, and trait anxiety had no association with the noncognitive performance examination results. Most participants showed moderate state and trait anxiety levels during their first OSCE. Further, the state-trait anxiety had no significant effect on their noncognitive performance. However, 26.5% of participants did not pass the examination; therefore, dental educators should increase communication skill training courses during clerkship training to improve students' noncognitive attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hui Wu
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Kang Du
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Lee
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Er Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsuen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Medical Humanities and Education, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Antúnez JM. Circadian typology is related to emotion regulation, metacognitive beliefs and assertiveness in healthy adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230169. [PMID: 32168366 PMCID: PMC7069650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian typology has been related to several mental health aspects such as resilience, perceived well-being, emotional intelligence and psychological symptoms and disorders. However, the relationship between circadian typology and emotion regulation, metacognitions and assertiveness, which constitute core constructs related to psychological well-being and psychopathology, remain unexplored. This study aims to analyze whether circadian typology is related with those three constructs, considering the possible influence of sex. 2283 participants (833 women), aged 18–60 years (30.37 ± 9.26 years), completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire 30, and the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Main effects were observed between circadian typology and cognitive reappraisal, metacognitions, negative beliefs of uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence, cognitive self-consciousness, and assertiveness (F(2,2276) > 4.80, p < 0.009, ηp2 > 0.004, in all cases). Morning-type participants scored lower than evening-type in general metacognitive beliefs, negative beliefs of uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence, and cognitive self-consciousness, and higher than evening-type in cognitive reappraisal and assertiveness, while neither-type exhibited intermediate scores (p < 0.033 in all cases). According to the results, evening-type individuals might display a higher tendency to support maladaptive beliefs about thinking itself as well as a lesser tendency to reappraise a potentially emotion eliciting situations in order to modify its meaning and its emotional impact and to exert their rights respectfully. This new evidence improves the understanding of the relationships between circadian typology and psychological factors related to psychological well-being and psychopathology. Results implications for the onset and maintenance of psychological problems are discussed. Although future longitudinal studies are needed, results emphasize evening-type as a risk factor for the development of psychological disturbances and morning-type as a protective factor against those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Antúnez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Málaga, Málaga, Andalucía, Spain
- * E-mail:
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35
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Capobianco L, Heal C, Bright M, Wells A. What Comes First Metacognition or Negative Emotion? A Test of Temporal Precedence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2507. [PMID: 31803090 PMCID: PMC6877699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Self-Regulatory Executive Function model predicts that emotional symptoms and metacognition can causally affect each other. Crucially, for the model metacognition must cause emotion disorder symptoms. Therefore, in time-series data involving repeated measurements, metacognitions should predict subsequent changes in emotion. 265 participants completed a questionnaire battery three times over a 2 month period. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using cross-lagged panel analysis tested the inter-relationships between metacognitive beliefs, anxiety and depression symptoms over time. The cross-lagged structural model was a significantly better fit than the autoregressive model. Metacognitive beliefs were found to predict subsequent symptoms of anxiety while symptoms of anxiety predicted later metacognition over different time courses. The metacognition factor representing uncontrollability and danger of thoughts appeared to be prominent in the effects observed. Metacognitions and depression were also positively related over time to a lesser degree, but in the cross-lagged model these temporal relationships were non-significant. This is likely due to low levels of depression within the sample and low variability over time. The findings for anxiety are consistent with the S-REF model and with experimental and prospective studies supporting metacognitive beliefs as a causal mechanism in psychological distress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Capobianco
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Calvin Heal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Measha Bright
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Wells
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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36
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Faija CL, Reeves D, Heal C, Capobianco L, Anderson R, Wells A. Measuring the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome in Cardiac Patients With Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: Psychometric Properties of the CAS-1R. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2109. [PMID: 31620051 PMCID: PMC6760032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is a recent treatment with established efficacy in mental health settings. MCT is grounded in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model of emotional disorders and treats a negative perseverative style of thinking called the cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS), thought to maintain psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression. The evaluation of effective psychological therapies for anxiety and depression in chronic physical illness is a priority and research in this area depends on the suitability and validity of measures assessing key psychological constructs. The present study examined the psychometric performance of a ten-item scale measuring the CAS, the CAS-1R, in a sample of cardiac rehabilitation patients experiencing mild to severe symptoms of anxiety and/or depression (N = 440). Participants completed the CAS scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Metacognitions Questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30). The latent structure of the CAS-1R was assessed using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). In addition, the validity of the measure in explaining anxiety and depression was assessed using hierarchical regression. CFA supported a three-factor solution (i.e., coping strategies, negative metacognitive beliefs and positive metacognitive beliefs). CFA demonstrated a good fit, with a CFI = 0.988 and an RMSEA = 0.041 (90% CI = 0.017–0.063). Internal consistency was acceptable for the first two factors but low for the third, though all three demonstrated construct validity and the measure accounted for additional variance in anxiety and depression beyond age and gender. Results support the multi-factorial assessment of the CAS using this instrument, and demonstrate suitability for use in cardiac patients who are psychologically distressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia L Faija
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Reeves
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR School for Primary Care Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Calvin Heal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lora Capobianco
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Anderson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Wells
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
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37
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Rice SM, Gwyther K, Santesteban-Echarri O, Baron D, Gorczynski P, Gouttebarge V, Reardon CL, Hitchcock ME, Hainline B, Purcell R. Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:722-730. [PMID: 31097452 PMCID: PMC6579501 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify and quantify determinants of anxiety symptoms and disorders experienced by elite athletes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Five online databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane) were searched up to November 2018 to identify eligible citations. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Articles were included if they were published in English, were quantitative studies and measured a symptom-level anxiety outcome in competing or retired athletes at the professional (including professional youth), Olympic or collegiate/university levels. Results and summary We screened 1163 articles; 61 studies were included in the systematic review and 27 of them were suitable for meta-analysis. Overall risk of bias for included studies was low. Athletes and non-athletes had no differences in anxiety profiles (d=−0.11, p=0.28). Pooled effect sizes, demonstrating moderate effects, were identified for (1) career dissatisfaction (d=0.45; higher anxiety in dissatisfied athletes), (2) gender (d=0.38; higher anxiety in female athletes), (3) age (d=−0.34; higher anxiety for younger athletes) and (4) musculoskeletal injury (d=0.31; higher anxiety for injured athletes). A small pooled effect was found for recent adverse life events (d=0.26)—higher anxiety in athletes who had experienced one or more recent adverse life events. Conclusion Determinants of anxiety in elite populations broadly reflect those experienced by the general population. Clinicians should be aware of these general and athlete-specific determinants of anxiety among elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Rice
- Research and Translation, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Gwyther
- Research and Translation, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga Santesteban-Echarri
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Baron
- Center for Health and Sport, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Paul Gorczynski
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, The Netherlands.,AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia L Reardon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University Health Services, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary E Hitchcock
- Ebling Library for the Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian Hainline
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rosemary Purcell
- Research and Translation, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Nordahl H, Ødegaard IH, Hjemdal O, Wells A. A test of the goodness of fit of the generic metacognitive model of psychopathology symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:288. [PMID: 31533677 PMCID: PMC6751802 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety frequently co-occur and may share etiological mechanisms. The metacognitive model is based on the principle that there are common pathological mechanisms across disorders that account for comorbidity and therefore can be conceptualized in one generic model. A central prediction of the model is that particular metacognitive beliefs concerning the value of worry, and the uncontrollability and danger of cognition are positively correlated with psychopathology symptoms. In the present study, we set out to test the overall fit of this model by assessing generic metacognitive beliefs and judgements of attention control capacity as predictors of common and frequently co-occurring emotional distress symptoms. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, 645 participants gathered at convenience completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Structural equation modelling indicated a good model fit for the generic metacognitive model, and the predictors accounted for 93% of the variance in distress consisting of depression-, generalized- and social anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This finding supports the generic model and the implication that it can be used as a basis to formulate and treat multiple presenting problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nordahl
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,St. Olavs Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Adrian Wells
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Prestwich, UK
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Wahl K, Ehring T, Kley H, Lieb R, Meyer A, Kordon A, Heinzel CV, Mazanec M, Schönfeld S. Is repetitive negative thinking a transdiagnostic process? A comparison of key processes of RNT in depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and community controls. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 64:45-53. [PMID: 30851652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The transdiagnostic view of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) claims that different forms of RNT are characterized by identical processes that are applied to disorder-specific content. The purpose of the study was to test whether the processes of RNT differ across major depression disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS Forty-two individuals diagnosed with MDD, 35 individuals with GAD, 41 individuals with OCD, and 35 community controls were asked to think of a typical RNT episode and to rate its processes (core processes; use of mental capacity, unproductivity, abstractness, verbal quality, duration). Ratings were compared across groups using planned contrasts and analysis of variance. RESULTS All individuals with a clinical diagnosis rated the key processes of RNT and avoidance function of RNT as higher than healthy controls. There were no differences between individuals diagnosed with MDD, GAD or OCD on key processes and avoidance function of RNT. LIMITATIONS Results are based on retrospective self-reports, which might restrict validity of the measurements. CONCLUSIONS Data support the transdiagnostic hypothesis of RNT. Transdiagnostic prevention and intervention techniques seem highly recommendable given these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Wahl
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Ehring
- LMU Munich, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Kley
- Bielefeld University, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychotherapy Clinic of the University Bielefeld, Morgenbreede 2-4, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roselind Lieb
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Meyer
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kordon
- Oberbergklinik Hornberg, Oberberg 1, 79132, Hornberg, Germany
| | - Carlotta V Heinzel
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Mazanec
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Missionsstr. 62a, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Schönfeld
- Institut für Allgemeine Psychologie, Biopsychologie und Methoden der Psychologie; Professur Differentielle und Persönlichkeitspsychologie; TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Aydın O, Balıkçı K, Çökmüş FP, Ünal Aydın P. The evaluation of metacognitive beliefs and emotion recognition in panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: effects on symptoms and comparison with healthy control. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:293-301. [PMID: 31157577 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1623317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: The impairments in metacognitive functions and emotion recognition are considered as liable factors in anxiety disorders. Aims: The better understanding of these cognitive abilities might lead to develop more accurate treatment methods for patients who suffer from anxiety. Methods: Forty-four patients with panic disorder (PD), 37 individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and 44 healthy control (HC) were participated in our study. Metacognition questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Reading The Mind From The Eyes Test and symptom severity tests were administered. Results: Statistical analyses estimated the dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and disrupted emotion recognition in patients relative to HC. The 'need to control thoughts' aspect of metacognitive beliefs was accounted for symptom severity in GAD. Improper metacognitive beliefs were significantly predicted the PD and GAD. In addition, impoverished emotion recognition predicted the GAD. Conclusions: Our study revealed the role of inconvenient metacognitive beliefs and distorted emotion recognition in PD and GAD. These findings might facilitate the treatment management in cognitive therapies of anxiety disorders via pointing out more reasonable targets across improper cognitive fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkun Aydın
- a Department of Psychology , International University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kuzeymen Balıkçı
- b Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Near East University , Nicosia , Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Fikret Poyraz Çökmüş
- c Department of Psychiatry , Manisa Hospital of Mental Health and Disorders , Manisa , Turkey
| | - Pınar Ünal Aydın
- a Department of Psychology , International University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Jankowski T, Bąk W. Mindfulness as a mediator of the relationship between trait anxiety, attentional control and cognitive failures. A multimodel inference approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Matthews G, Panganiban AR, Wells A, Wohleber RW, Reinerman-Jones LE. Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:640. [PMID: 30971983 PMCID: PMC6443855 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Operators of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) face a variety of stress factors resulting from both the cognitive demands of the work and its broader social context. Dysfunctional metacognitions including those concerning worry may increase stress vulnerability, whereas personality traits including hardiness and grit may confer resilience. The present study utilized a simulation of UAS operation requiring control of multiple vehicles. Two stressors were manipulated independently in a within-subjects design: cognitive demands and negative evaluative feedback. Stress response was assessed using both subjective measures and a suite of psychophysiological sensors, including the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and hemodynamic sensors. Both stress manipulations elevated subjective distress and elicited greater high-frequency activity in the EEG. However, predictors of stress response varied across the two stressors. The Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI: Wells, 1994) was generally associated with higher state worry in both control and stressor conditions. It also predicted stress reactivity indexed by EEG and worry responses in the negative feedback condition. Measures of hardiness and grit were associated with somewhat different patterns of stress response. In addition, within the negative feedback condition, the AnTI meta-worry scale moderated relationships between state worry and objective performance and psychophysiological outcome measures. Under high state worry, AnTI meta-worry was associated with lower frontal oxygen saturation, but higher spectral power in high-frequency EEG bands. High meta-worry may block adaptive compensatory effort otherwise associated with worry. Findings support both the metacognitive theory of anxiety and negative emotions (Wells and Matthews, 2015), and the Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO: Matthews et al., 2017a) framework for resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Matthews
- Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | | | - Adrian Wells
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Prestwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan W Wohleber
- Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lauren E Reinerman-Jones
- Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Monteiro F, Fonseca A, Pereira M, Alves S, Canavarro MC. What protects at-risk postpartum women from developing depressive and anxiety symptoms? The role of acceptance-focused processes and self-compassion. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:522-529. [PMID: 30599377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not all women presenting risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) develop depressive symptoms. Research has shown that acceptance-focused processes (nonjudgmental appraisal of thought content, psychological flexibility) and self-compassion play an important protective role in the development of psychological symptoms. However, considering the perinatal period, little is known about what variables can modify the negative impact of risk. METHODS The sample consisted of 185 postpartum women at risk of developing PPD (Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised > 5.5). Data were collected regarding depressive (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II), nonjudgmental appraisal of thought content (Postnatal Negative Thoughts Questionnaire) and self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form). RESULTS Women not presenting depressive and anxiety symptoms reported significantly higher levels of psychological flexibility, nonjudgmental appraisal of thought content and self-compassion than women presenting depressive and anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical logistic regression showed that women with higher levels of psychological flexibility (OR = 1.06, CI: 1.01-1.12) and nonjudgmental appraisal of thought content (OR = 1.33, CI: 1.15-1.53) had a significantly higher likelihood of not presenting depressive and anxiety symptoms. LIMITATIONS The limitations of this study were the cross-sectional design, the use of self-report questionnaires and the self-selected bias in recruitment. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the important role of acceptance-based processes, suggesting that at-risk women who are more accepting of their private events may be more protected from developing psychological symptoms. Preventive interventions should consider the promotion of these processes to improve women's adjustment to this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Monteiro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Pereira
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Stephanie Alves
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
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Ferraro L, La Barbera D, Messina A, Galioto S, Marinaro AM, Caruso C, Rizzo R, La Cascia C. Metacognitive Therapy in Patients with Tinnitus: a Single Group Study. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-018-09415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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McIntyre E, Prior J, Connon ILC, Adams J, Madden B. Sociodemographic predictors of residents worry about contaminated sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1623-1630. [PMID: 30189578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The management and remediation of contaminated environments increasingly involves engagement with affected local residents. Of late, risk communication tools and guidelines have drawn attention to the stress and concern of residents as a result of heightened awareness of localised contamination and the need to address these less visible impacts of contamination when engaging with affected communities. Despite this emerging focus, there is an absence of research exploring the factors that predict resident worry about neighbourhood contamination. This paper aims to address this shortcoming by drawing on data from a cross-sectional survey of 2009 adult residents in neighbourhoods near 13 contaminated sites across Australia. Analyses used ordered logistic regression to determine the sociodemographic, environmental, and knowledge-based factors that influence residents' degree of worry. The findings suggest age, gender and income significantly affect residents' degree of worry. Being knowledgeable about the contaminant was associated with lower degrees of worry. Conversely, having a stronger sense of place within a neighbourhood predicted higher degrees of worry. Type of contaminant also impacted resident worry, with residents being less likely to worry about hydrocarbon, asbestos and waste than other types of contaminants. Our analyses suggest resident worry can be reduced through improving access to accurate information and the development of specific risk reduction strategies tailored to each neighbourhood and aimed at the heterogeneous distribution of worry amongst residential populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica McIntyre
- University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Prior
- University of Technology Sydney, Institute for Sustainable Futures, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| | - Irena L C Connon
- University of Technology Sydney, Institute for Sustainable Futures, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; University of Dundee, Dundee, Discipline of Geography, School of Social Science, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; University of Dundee, Dundee, Centre for Environmental Change and Human Resilience, School of Social Science, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jon Adams
- University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Madden
- University of Technology Sydney, Institute for Sustainable Futures, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Topa G, Lunceford G, Boyatzis RE. Financial Planning for Retirement: A Psychosocial Perspective. Front Psychol 2018; 8:2338. [PMID: 29416519 PMCID: PMC5787562 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Retirement is a time of life that has grown ever longer in the developed world, and the number of pensioners has increased accordingly, questioning the strength of Social Security systems and the social safety net in general. Financial Planning for Retirement (FRP) consists of the series of activities involved in the accumulation of wealth to cover needs in the post-retirement stage of life. The negative short-, mid-, and long-term consequences of inadequate Financial Planning for Retirement do not only affect individuals, but also their extended families, homes, eventually producing an unwanted impact on the entire society. The Capacity-Willingness-Opportunity Model has been proposed to understand FPR, combined with Intentional Change Theory, a framework for understanding the process, antecedents and consequences of FPR. From this perspective, we propose this promising model, but there are a large number of variables that have not been included that offer novel ways to deepen our understanding of FPR. A focus on each dimension of the model, the role of age and psychosocial variables associated with demographic indicators such as gender, health status, and migration, allow us to provide a proposal of scientific advancement of FPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Topa
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregg Lunceford
- Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Richard E. Boyatzis
- Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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