1
|
Stokes K, Houghton M, Gato J, Tasker F. Surveying Psychological Wellbeing in a Post-Pandemic World: The Role of Family and Social Support for LGBTQ+ and Cisgender Heterosexual Adults in the UK. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1634. [PMID: 39201192 PMCID: PMC11353760 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have emphasized the importance of social support in mitigating the relationship between psychological distress and mental health effects, with family of origin and family of formation providing key sources of social support over the life course. However, LGBTQ+ people may experience family of origin relationships as a source of distress, while partners and friends may buffer the relationship between minority stress and psychological wellbeing. Through our online survey (March-June 2022), which was conducted when the social restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic were lifted in the UK, we considered the association between psychological wellbeing and sources of social support by sampling n = 1330 LGBTQ+ and cisgender heterosexual adults. LGBTQ+ adults generally experienced poorer psychological wellbeing outcomes than did cisgender heterosexual people. For LGBTQ+ adults, social support from family of origin, a special person, or friends was not associated with depression, anxiety, or stress levels, but social support from family or a special person was positively associated with higher levels of life satisfaction. Our findings indicate the importance of considering negative as well as positive wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Stokes
- School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (K.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Marie Houghton
- School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (K.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jorge Gato
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fiona Tasker
- School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (K.S.); (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Burgio S, Polizzi C, Alesi M, Perino A, Cucinella G, Kotlik Y, Lopez A, Vassiliadis A, Gullo G. Personality Traits and Depression in Infertile Couples during the COVID-19. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4827. [PMID: 39200969 PMCID: PMC11355699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The study presented in this paper seeks to examine how personality traits and depressive symptoms, influenced by the fear of COVID-19, interact in infertile couples, who are on the verge of commencing treatments with assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this observational study was to explore the relationship between personality traits in infertile couples and the occurrence of depressive symptoms, taking into account the mediating effect of COVID-19 fear. Methods: The study sample consisted of 108 women and 71 men (N = 179), all of whom had received an infertility diagnosis and expressed a desire to begin ART treatment at a Sicilian ART center; they were subsequently recruited. The Personality Inventory (PI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Fear of COVID (FCV-19S) were used for data collection. Results: The FCV-19S demonstrates a significant positive correlation with both neuroticism (r = 0.25, p = 0.001) and agreeableness (r = 0.19, p = 0.012). In addition, there is a significant correlation between FCV-19S (r = 0.67, p < 0.001) and depression symptoms. The mediation analysis reveals that neuroticism is a predictor of fear of COVID-19 (β = 1.77, p = 0.001) and depression (β = 0.22, p = 0.002). Additionally, the fear of COVID-19 significantly influences (β = 0.12, p < 0.001) depression. Conclusions: This study found that neuroticism and agreeableness are positively linked to the fear of COVID-19, and women displayed notable mild mood disorders. Neuroticism predicted both depression and fear of COVID-19, while fear of COVID-19 predicted depressive symptoms. However, the total efficacy of the mediation model was not significant, thereby suggesting that the variables do not fully explain this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Burgio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia—V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Polizzi
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Alesi
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Perino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia—V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia—V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Yulia Kotlik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia—V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia—V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vassiliadis
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Intermal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF UNIT, Villa Sofia—V. Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caci B, Giordano G. Direct Losses and Media Exposure to Death: The Long-Term Effect of Mourning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3911. [PMID: 38999478 PMCID: PMC11242252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The social distancing policies adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic forced many individuals to confront their mortality and worry about losing loved ones, making it impossible to say goodbye to them properly. Those not directly experiencing loss were inundated with information about COVID-19-related deaths throughout social media, leading to vicarious grief. This study delved into the long-term effects of direct and vicarious mourning on people's mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A sample of 171 adults (65% female) aged 19-66 years (Mage = 25.8, SD = 8.57) voluntarily participated in an online survey assessing self-reported psychological measures of complicated grief, stress, depression, dispositional neuroticism, trait anxiety, and situational anxiety. Results: MANOVAs revealed that direct mourning experiences had an extremely severe impact on anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19, and a moderate effect on those without personal losses. Indeed, participants reporting high media exposure showed higher scores of depression and stress. Conclusions: Findings from the current study displayed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, people engaged more in proximal defenses than distal ones, taking health-protective measures, experiencing increased anxiety levels toward virus infection, and feeling distressed. Additionally, vicarious mourning was more strongly associated with depression due to emotional empathy with others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Caci
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movements, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sahm AHJ, Witthöft M, Bailer J, Mier D. Putting the Vicious Cycle to the Test: Evidence for the Cognitive Behavioral Model of Persistent Somatic Symptoms From an Online Study. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:569-575. [PMID: 38666664 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In clinical practice, persistent somatic symptoms are regularly explained using a cognitive-behavioral model (CBM). In the CBM, predisposing, perpetuating, and precipitating factors are assumed to interact and to cause the onset and endurance of somatic symptoms. However, these models are rarely investigated in their entirety. METHODS We conducted an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2114 participants from the general German population completed questionnaires that measured different factors of the CBM. We used state negative affectivity and neuroticism as predisposing factors, fear of a COVID-19 infection as the precipitating factor, and somatic symptoms, misinterpretation of bodily symptoms, attention allocation to bodily symptoms, and health anxiety as perpetuating factors. Moreover, we added safety and avoidance behavior as end points to the model. We conducted a psychological network analysis to exploratively study the relationships between the model's different factors and tested the assumptions of the CBM by evaluating a structural equation model (SEM) that incorporated all factors of the model. RESULTS Network analyses revealed clustering in our data: Health anxiety and different cognitive factors are closely related, whereas somatic symptoms and state negative affectivity are strongly associated. Our SEM showed adequate fit. CONCLUSIONS Our findings from an exploratory and a confirmatory approach give empirical support for the CBM, suggesting it as a suitable model to explain bodily symptoms in the general population and to possibly guide clinical practice. The network model additionally indicates the necessity to apply an individualized CBM for patients, depending on a preponderance of either persistent somatic symptoms or health concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H J Sahm
- From the Department of Psychology (Sahm, Mier), University of Konstanz, Konstanz; Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology (Witthöft), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz; and Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health (Bailer), University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Yupanqui-Lorenzo DE, Valencia PD, Carbajal-León C, Vilca LW, Ventura-León J, Paredes-Angeles R, Arias Gallegos WL, Reyes-Bossio M, Delgado-Campusano M, Gallegos M, Rojas-Jara C, Polanco-Carrasco R, Cervigni M, Martino P, Lobos-Rivera ME, Moreta-Herrera R, Palacios Segura DA, Samaniego-Pinho A, Buschiazzo Figares A, Puerta-Cortés DX, Camargo A, Torales J, Monge Blanco JA, González P, Smith-Castro V, Petzold-Rodriguez O, Corrales-Reyes IE, Calderón R, Matute Rivera WY, Ferrufino-Borja D, Ceballos-Vásquez P, Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia A, Palacios J, Burgos-Videla C, Florez León AME, Vergara I, Vega D, Shulmeyer MK, Barria-Asenjo NA, Urrutia Rios HT, Lira Lira AE. Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19, Conspiracy Beliefs About Vaccines and Intention to Vaccinate Against COVID-19: A Cross-National Indirect Effect Model in 13 Latin American Countries. Eval Health Prof 2023; 46:371-383. [PMID: 37439361 PMCID: PMC10345832 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231186621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the predictive capacity of fear of COVID-19 on the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and the influence in this relationship of conspiracy beliefs as a possible mediating psychological variable, in 13 Latin American countries. A total of 5779 people recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling participated. To collect information, we used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Vaccine conspiracy beliefs Scale-COVID-19 and a single item of intention to vaccinate. A full a priori Structural Equation Model was used; whereas, cross-country invariance was performed from increasingly restricted structural models. The results indicated that, fear of COVID-19 positively predicts intention to vaccinate and the presence of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. The latter negatively predicted intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Besides, conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines had an indirect effect on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the 13 countries assessed. Finally, the cross-national similarities of the mediational model among the 13 participating countries are strongly supported. The study is the first to test a cross-national mediational model across variables in a large number of Latin American countries. However, further studies with other countries in other regions of the world are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. Tomás
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, España
| | | | - Pablo D. Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlanepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - José Ventura-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Rubí Paredes-Angeles
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Miguel Gallegos
- Programa de Pós-graduação de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Comportamiento (LICIC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Andrés Camargo
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Torales
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Vanessa Smith-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | | | - Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
- Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma, Bayamo, Cuba
| | - Raymundo Calderón
- Colegio Estatal de Psicólogos en Intervención de Jalisco A.C. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Daniela Ferrufino-Borja
- Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Paula Ceballos-Vásquez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Agueda Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Escuela de Postgrado, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jorge Palacios
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Burgos-Videla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Educación, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | | | - Ibeth Vergara
- Asociación Panameña de Psicólogos, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Diego Vega
- Escuela de Psicologia, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marion K. Shulmeyer
- Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, Gallegos M, Reyes-Bossio M, Oré-Kovacs N, Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia Á, Torales J, Barria-Asenjo NA, Garcia-Cadena CH. Relationship Between Fear of Monkeypox and Intention to be Vaccinated Against Monkeypox in a Peruvian Sample. The Mediating Role of Conspiracy Beliefs About Monkeypox. Eval Health Prof 2023; 46:353-361. [PMID: 37246714 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231180195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the predictive capacity of fear of Monkeypox (MPX) on the intention to be vaccinated against MPX and the influence of conspiracy beliefs as a mediating variable in this relationship in 516 Peruvian sample with an average age of 27.10 years participated. Monkeypox Fear Scale, MPX Conspiracy Beliefs Scale and a single item of intention to be vaccinated against MPX were used. Statistical analyses have included estimation of descriptive statistics for all variables in the model tested and Structural Equation Modeling to predict intention to be vaccinated against monkeypox. It has been found that fear has a positive impact on conspiracy beliefs about MPX and intention to be vaccinated against MPX. Finally, conspiracy beliefs are negatively related to intention to be vaccinated. As for indirect effects, both are statistically significant. The model explains 11.4% of the variance in beliefs and 19.1% in intention to be vaccinated. It is concluded that fear of MPX played an important role, both directly and indirectly, in the intention to be vaccinated against MPX, having conspiratorial beliefs about MPX as a mediating variable. The results have important implications for public health practices aimed at combating doubts about MPX vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Tomás
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Nicole Oré-Kovacs
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Julio Torales
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
von Werthern NM, Ahrens KF, Neumann RJ, Kollmann B, Kranz TM, Lieb K, Tüscher O, Reif A, Fiebach CJ, Plichta MM. Loneliness during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany: Impact of social factors and polygenic risk scores on interpersonal differences in loneliness and mental health. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:838-848. [PMID: 37334645 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2226201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The outbreak of Covid-19 negatively affected mental health and increased loneliness. The subjective feeling of loneliness is influenced by genetic and social factors and has a negative impact on mental health. METHODS From March 2020 to June 2021 loneliness was investigated in N = 517 individuals using monthly acquired questionnaire data and Latent Growth Curve Analysis. Associations of social factors and polygenic risk scores (PRSs, n = 361) with class membership were investigated. RESULTS Three classes ("average", 40%; "not lonely", 38%; "elevated loneliness", 22%) were identified, that differ significantly regarding loneliness, mental dysfunction, and response to the lockdown phases. Individuals with a high PRS for neuroticism are more likely to belong to the "elevated loneliness" class, living with another person is a protective factor. CONCLUSION As the "elevated loneliness" class was at the highest risk of mental dysfunction, our findings underscore the importance of identifying those individuals to implement counteractive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M von Werthern
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K F Ahrens
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R J Neumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Kollmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - T M Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - O Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C J Fiebach
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M M Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maringgele VE, Scherr M, Aichhorn W, Kaiser AK. Depressive symptoms are more influenced by personality traits and styles than working in nursing-a study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1138185. [PMID: 37671102 PMCID: PMC10476868 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1138185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background According to literature, the COVID-19 pandemic caused stressful working conditions for nurses, which may have a negative impact on their Well-Being and mental health. Aim To investigate whether nurses and non-helping professionals differ in their Well-Being. Furthermore, we analyzed, for the first time, which personality traits and styles are a risk factor for nurses' wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In an online survey, the following psychological tests were used on nursing staff (n = 518) and non-helping professionals (n = 335): WHO-Five (WHO-5), the Personality, Style and Disorder Inventory (PSSI), and the Freiburg Personality Inventory-Revised (FPI-R). Results Nurses and non-helping professionals did not differ significantly in terms of Well-Being. The Well-Being of nurses was correlated with the following personality traits and styles, namely Spontaneous-Borderline Personality Style, Silent-Depressive Personality Style, Strain, Emotionality, and Life Satisfaction. According to our results, 33% of participants suffered from clinically significant depressive symptoms. Discussion According to our results, nurses are not more at risk for depression. However, it was shown that Well-Being during the pandemic is highly dependent on personality. Conclusion Specific personality traits and styles are a greater predictor of depressive symptoms than profession. The stressful occupational environment during COVID-19 pandemic is not the only cause for depressive symptoms in nurses. Psychotherapeutic interventions are especially important for particular individuals and are necessary to prevent depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
|
9
|
Alesi M, Giordano G, Gentile A, Caci B. The Switch to Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Interplay between Personality and Mental Health on University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5255. [PMID: 37047875 PMCID: PMC10094209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The switching from traditional to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic was challenging for students, determining an increase in physical and mental health problems. The current paper applied a two-step cluster analysis in a large sample of n = 1028 university students (Mage = 21.10 years, SD = 2.45 years; range: 18-30 years; 78.4% females). Participants responded to an online survey exploring neuroticism, trait/state anxiety, general self-efficacy, academic motivation, fear of COVID-19, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health, and the help requests. Results showed two significant clusters of students having a Maladaptive Academic Profile (n = 456; 44.4%) or an Adaptive Academic Profile (n = 572; 55.6%). Significant differences were found between the two clusters, where students belonging to the Maladaptive Academic Profile reported higher levels of neuroticism, higher dispositional and situational anxiety, and fear of COVID-19, and lower self-efficacy and academic motivation than students of the Adaptive Academic Profile cluster. In addition, more physical or mental health problems and help requests, mainly to partners during the COVID-19 pandemic, were found in the Maladaptive Academic Profile cluster compared to the Adaptive Academic Profile. Finally, the practical implications of the study's results in implementing university counseling services as protective measures to contrast psychological distress in the long-term COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
King JD, McQuaid A, Leeson VC, Samuel O, Grant J, Imran Azeem MS, Barnicot K, Crawford MJ. The association of severe COVID anxiety with poor social functioning, quality of life, and protective behaviours among adults in United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 36810010 PMCID: PMC9943584 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety about COVID-19 is common. For most people this is an appropriate response to the loss of livelihoods and loved-ones, disruptions to social networks, and uncertainty about the future. However, for others these anxieties relate to contracting the virus itself, a phenomenon termed COVID anxiety. Little is known about the characteristics of people with severe COVID anxiety or the impact it has on their daily lives. METHODS We conducted a two-phase cross-sectional survey of people aged 18 or over who were living in United Kingdom, self-identified as anxious about COVID-19, and had a score of ≥9 on the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. We recruited participants nationally through online adverts and locally via primary care services in London. Data on demographic and clinical factors were used in multiple regression modelling to examine the greatest contributors to functional impairment, poor health-related quality of life and protective behaviours in this sample of individuals with severe COVID anxiety. RESULTS We recruited 306 people with severe COVID anxiety between January and September 2021. Most were female (n = 246, 81.2%); they had a median age of 41 (range = 18-83). The majority of participants also had generalised anxiety (n = 270, 91.5%), depression (n = 247, 85.5%), and a quarter (n = 79, 26.3%) reported a physical health condition which put them at increased risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19. Half had severe social dysfunction (n = 151, 52.4%). One in ten reported never leaving their home, one in three washed all items brought into their house, one in five washed their hands constantly, and one in five of those with children reported not sending them to school because of fears of COVID-19. Increasing co-morbid depressive symptoms best explained functional impairment and poor quality of life after controlling for other factors. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the high degree of co-occuring mental health problems, and the extent of functional impairment and poor health-related quality of life among people with severe COVID anxiety. Further research is needed to establish the course of severe COVID anxiety as the pandemic progresses, and steps that can be taken to support people who experience this distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. King
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Aisling McQuaid
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Verity C. Leeson
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Oluwaseun Samuel
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Josiah Grant
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Kirsten Barnicot
- grid.28577.3f0000 0004 1936 8497Division of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Mike J. Crawford
- grid.413629.b0000 0001 0705 4923Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 0NN London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang D, Fan M, Meng L, Zheng X. Neuroticism and fear of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic: Testing the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty and sense of control among Chinese high school students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1010767. [PMID: 36544445 PMCID: PMC9760983 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1010767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in 2019, neuroticism has been proven a predictor of fear of COVID-19 infection. However, only few studies have been conducted on the factors affecting the relationship between neuroticism and this kind of fear. The present study is aimed at analyzing the role intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and sense of control (SOC) play in relation to neuroticism and the fear of COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, China, and we collected complete datasets from 792 high school students. The main results can be described as follows: (a) individuals with high neuroticism tended to have higher intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and a lower sense of control (SOC); (b) IU and SOC played a mediating role between neuroticism and fear of COVID-19, and a serial mediation effect was found between these factors; (c) after controlling for both IU and SOC, the effect of neuroticism on fear was no longer significant. The results suggested a critical role of IU and sense of control in the causal relationship between neuroticism and fear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Fan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tofangchiha M, Lin CY, Scheerman JFM, Broström A, Ahonen H, Griffiths MD, Tadakamadla SK, Pakpour AH. Associations between fear of COVID-19, dental anxiety, and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents. BDJ Open 2022; 8:19. [PMID: 35760784 PMCID: PMC9237055 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-022-00112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study evaluated the association of fear of COVID-19 with dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), as well as exploring the mediating role of dental anxiety in the association of fear of COVID-19 with OHRQoL and psychological distress. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents in high schools of Qazvin city (Iran) from March-June 2021, recruited through a two-stage cluster sampling method. All the adolescents completed a self-administered survey assessing (i) fear of COVID-19, (ii) depression, anxiety and stress, (iii) OHRQoL, and (iv) dental anxiety. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate all the hypothesised associations, and the model fit was estimated. Results A total of 2429 adolescents participated in the study. The conceptual model fitted the data well. Fear of COVID-19 had a direct effect on dental anxiety (B = 0.316; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.282, 0.349), depression (B = 0.302; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.259, 0.347), anxiety (B = 0.289; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.246, 0.334), stress (B = 0.282; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.237, 0.328), and OHRQoL (B = −0.354; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = −0.530, −0.183). Also, dental anxiety mediated the association of fear of COVID-19 with depression, anxiety stress, and OHRQoL. Conclusions High levels of fear of COVID-19 were associated with high levels of dental anxiety and poorer OHRQoL. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with anxiety, depression and stress. Increased levels of dental anxiety were also associated with increased anxiety, stress, depression, and poorer OHRQoL.
Collapse
|
13
|
Is Anxiety Sensitivity Associated with COVID-19 Related Distress and Adherence among Emerging Adults? PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether anxiety sensitivity (AS) is associated with increased distress and adherence to public health guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduates, and whether increased distress mediates the relationship between AS and increased adherence. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1318 first- and second-year undergraduates (mean age of 19.2 years; 79.5% females) from five Canadian universities. Relevant subscales of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) and the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) were used to assess AS and neuroticism. Three measures tapped distress: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms, and the Brief COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS-B) for COVID-19-specific distress. The COVID-19 Adherence scale (CAD) assessed adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. AS was significantly independently associated with higher general distress (both anxiety and depressive symptoms) and higher COVID-19-specific distress, after controlling age, sex, study site, and neuroticism. Moreover, AS indirectly predicted greater adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures through higher COVID-19-specific distress. Interventions targeting higher AS might be helpful for decreasing both general and COVID-19-specific distress, whereas interventions targeting lower AS might be helpful for increasing adherence to public health containment strategies, in undergraduates.
Collapse
|
14
|
Vachhrajani M, Mishra SK, Rai H, Paliwal A. The direct and indirect effect of neuroticism on work engagement of nurses during COVID-19: A temporal analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:947887. [PMID: 36304847 PMCID: PMC9592722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.947887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare professionals such as nurses faced a tough time during the pandemic. Despite the personal and professional challenges, they contributed immensely during the pandemic. However, there were variations in nurses’ work engagement during the pandemic. One reason could be their personality, especially neuroticism. Neuroticism represents individuals’ proneness to distress in stressful situations, such as COVID-19. Hence, understanding how and in which conditions neuroticism influences work engagement is crucial. We used the Job Demand-Resource (JD-R) model to test the association between neuroticism and work engagement. As neuroticism represents the stress-proneness of an individual, we further investigated if stress mediates the neuroticism-work engagement link. For the nurses, patient interaction is an integral part of their job. Based on the data collected from the nurses, we tested if contact with patients (i.e., beneficiary contact) alleviates the adverse effect of neuroticism on work engagement. During COVID-19, there was an intense need for nursing support. Hence, avoiding duty when society is looking for support might induce a fear of stigmatization among the nurses. We examined if the perceived stigma of duty avoidance would affect the neuroticism-engagement relationship. Our results indicated that higher patient contact alleviated the adverse effect of neuroticism on work engagement. On the other hand, higher fear of stigma exacerbated the adverse effect of neuroticism on work engagement. We further checked the combined effect of beneficiary contact and fear of stigma on neuroticism-work engagement relationships. The findings highlighted the importance of societal factors and policymakers in enhancing nurses’ work engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mit Vachhrajani
- Indian Institute of Management Indore, Indore, India
- *Correspondence: Mit Vachhrajani, ; Sushanta Kumar Mishra
| | - Sushanta Kumar Mishra
- Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Mit Vachhrajani, ; Sushanta Kumar Mishra
| | - Himanshu Rai
- Indian Institute of Management Indore, Indore, India
| | - Amit Paliwal
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Struggle to Entertain Yourself: Consequences of the Internal Stimulation Factor of Boredom Proneness during Pandemic Lockdown. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12090303. [PMID: 36135107 PMCID: PMC9495593 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Boredom is a ubiquitous human experience that most people try to avoid feeling. People who are prone to boredom experience negative consequences. This study examined the impact of individual differences in the ability to entertain the self (the internal stimulation factor) on boredom experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United States. The internal and external stimulation factors predicted greater boredom frequency, boredom duration, and boredom intensity, each of which reflected a different aspect of emotional experience. The relationship among these factors was complex. A serial mediation analysis indicated the internal stimulation factor predicted the frequency of boredom, which in turn predicted the duration of boredom, which predicted boredom intensity. This pattern of relationships is potentially unique to boredom among emotional experiences. These findings provide insight into how boredom functions during a period in which daily activities and coping resources that would normally be available became severely limited.
Collapse
|
16
|
Weiss ER, Todman M, Maple E, Bunn RR. Boredom in a Time of Uncertainty: State and Trait Boredom's Associations with Psychological Health during COVID-19. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12080298. [PMID: 36004869 PMCID: PMC9405470 DOI: 10.3390/bs12080298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have demonstrated increases in boredom and its negative impact on mental health. This cross-sectional study examines state and trait boredom at four different points of the pandemic using an online sample of participants from the United States (n = 783). The results showed significant increases in boredom proneness, state boredom, substance use, loneliness, and distress. Boredom was associated with increases in each of these variables and a greater likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19. Moreover, the increases in distress, loneliness, and substance use became non-significant when controlling for boredom. Boredom proneness remained associated with all adverse outcomes when accounting for state boredom. In contrast, the relationships between state boredom and most adverse outcomes lost significance when controlling for boredom proneness, and state boredom was positively associated with increased hope for the future. Overall, the results suggest that high boredom proneness is an important vulnerability factor for poor psychological health and risky behaviors during the pandemic. However, high levels of recent state boredom, independent of boredom proneness, do not predict similarly negative outcomes. State boredom may indicate the extent to which one remains hopeful that circumstances will improve without resorting to risky, potentially maladaptive coping strategies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Polizzi C, Giordano G, Burgio S, Lavanco G, Alesi M. Maternal Competence, Maternal Burnout and Personality Traits in Italian Mothers after the First COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9791. [PMID: 36011427 PMCID: PMC9408086 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the maternal sense of competence and maternal burnout in Italian mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample was composed of 278 mothers of children/adolescents aged 4 to 17 years old. Participants were recruited after the end of the first spring total Italian lockdown (June-October 2020) through online advertisements on websites and social media. We hypothesized a model in which a specific personality trait, such as neuroticism, affected maternal competence by the mediating role of maternal burnout. Results showed that neuroticism was directly and negatively predictive of perception of maternal competence, and it was negatively associated with maternal burnout, specifically specific antecedents that were strictly related to parental burnout. ANOVA results highlighted that the maternal level of education affected maternal competence in terms of satisfaction. In contrast, the working regimen during the first lockdown for COVID-19 affected maternal competence in terms of efficacy. Maternal burnout was affected by atypical child development in terms of both common (job burnout, stress management abilities) and specific (parental burnout) antecedents. COVID-19 strongly increased the risk of maternal burnout, resulting in mothers having a poor perception of their own competency. This is particularly the case in the presence of a neurotic personality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sofia Burgio
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tam KYY, Chan CS, van Tilburg WAP, Lavi I, Lau JYF. Boredom belief moderates the mental health impact of boredom among young people: Correlational and multi-wave longitudinal evidence gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pers 2022; 91:638-652. [PMID: 35927788 PMCID: PMC9537911 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Young people's experience of boredom and its psychological health sequelae have been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The present study examined the moderating role of boredom beliefs—the extent to which one affectively dislikes boredom (boredom dislike) and cognitively accepts it (boredom normalcy)—on the association between boredom experience and mental well‐being. We also validated a new measure of boredom beliefs in two different samples of young people. Method We report data from a correlational study with British young people aged 12–25 (Study 1; N = 2495) and a 16‐week eight‐wave within‐subject study with Israeli adolescents aged 12–18 (Study 2; N = 314). Results Across both studies, disliking boredom was associated with higher frequency and intensity of boredom. Boredom dislike moderated the negative association between boredom and mental well‐being, such that the association was more salient among those who strongly disliked boredom. Normalizing boredom was positively associated with mental well‐being. The measure of boredom beliefs demonstrated fair validity and reliability. Conclusion Results provide novel insights into the potential buffering effect of boredom beliefs against the mental health impact of boredom, particularly at a time of reduced activity. These findings generalize across two different countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Y Y Tam
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong.,Department of Psychology, King's College London
| | | | | | - Iris Lavi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jennifer Y F Lau
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Raja U, Jahanzeb S, Malik MAR, Baig MUA. Dispositional causes of burnout, satisfaction, and performance through the fear of COVID-19 during times of pandemic. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2022; 72:APPS12417. [PMID: 35942401 PMCID: PMC9349792 DOI: 10.1111/apps.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rooted in research into personality, we propose that the Big Five traits would be related to fear of COVID-19 (FOC), which in turn would lead to heightened job burnout, reduced job satisfaction, and decreased performance. Utilizing a three-wave time-lagged design, we collected our data from employees working in the United States and Canada (N = 300 × 3). We found good support for our hypotheses. Extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness had significant direct effects on FOC. Fear of COVID-19 was positively related to job burnout and negatively related to job satisfaction and performance. Extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness had significant indirect effects on burnout, job satisfaction, and job performance via FOC. Hence, this study identifies a key mechanism, an individual's worry about losing their valuable resources (e.g. their health, and that of their family members and friends, etc.), through which selected dimensions of personality might affect employees' work outcomes. We discuss our findings and provide suggestions for future research in this domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Raja
- Goodman School of BusinessBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Sadia Jahanzeb
- Goodman School of BusinessBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alexescu TG, Nechita MS, Maierean AD, Vulturar DM, Handru MI, Leucuța DC, Orășan OH, Negrean V, Ciumarnean L, Todea DA. Change in Neuroticism and Extraversion among Pre-University Education Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070895. [PMID: 35888616 PMCID: PMC9324659 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Since the first reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in China, the virus has rapidly spread to many countries, including Romania. In Romania, schools were closed in March 2020 to prevent the virus from spreading; since then, they have been sporadically opened, but only for a short time. Teachers had to adopt online education methods, experiencing real difficulties in their attempts to maintain high-quality teaching, as a result of social distancing from students and colleagues. The current study aimed to evaluate the burden on the neuroticism states of employees in the pre-university education system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted, in which personality trait data from 138 employees were collected via a questionnaire (EPI, Eysenck Personality Inventory), which measured extraversion–introversion and neuroticism scores before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, 150 subjects were invited to participate in the study, although 12 of them refused to participate. Based on the questionnaire not being fully filled in a further three subjects were excluded from the study, leaving a total of 135, of which 115 were woman and 20 were men. Results: The results demonstrate that the subjects included in the study expressed higher neuroticism during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period. This change could promote more stress and depression symptoms. Subjects with high school education had significantly lower neuroticism scores over time than those with university education (p = 0.006). Furthermore, we found extraversion scores to be statistically significant in our population (p = 0.022). Conclusion: The gender and living environment of the teachers were not significantly associated with the reduction in the extraversion score, but were more frequently found among older persons and in subjects without higher education. Subjects of Hungarian ethnicity had lower extraversion scores than those of Romanian ethnicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora-Gabriela Alexescu
- 5th Departament Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-G.A.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (L.C.)
| | | | - Anca-Diana Maierean
- Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| | - Damiana-Maria Vulturar
- Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.M.); (D.A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuța
- Department of Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Olga Hilda Orășan
- 5th Departament Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-G.A.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Vasile Negrean
- 5th Departament Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-G.A.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Lorena Ciumarnean
- 5th Departament Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-G.A.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (L.C.)
| | - Doina Adina Todea
- Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.M.); (D.A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sesker AA, Lee JH, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Stephan Y, Terracciano A, Sutin AR. Personality and change in perceived control during the acute stage of the coronavirus pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 192:111607. [PMID: 35308090 PMCID: PMC8919785 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lower perceived control (PC) is related to maladaptive psychological responses to stressful events, yet it is unclear whether longer-term situations are associated with PC change over time. This study examined PC change during the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic and whether trajectories varied by age and personality. Personality was assessed in 2455 U.S. adults (18-100 years) from an online study conducted January-February 2020. PC was assessed across three follow-ups (March-July 2020). Latent growth curves modeled PC change. In controlled models, PC decreased (β = -0.107, p = .005). Older adults had higher PC than younger adults (β = 0.012, p = .001), and experienced less PC decline (β = 0.012, p < .001). All personality traits but Openness were related to PC at baseline (βs ranged from -0.912 to 0.543, ps < .001). Conscientiousness (β = 0.155, p = .002), Extraversion (β = 0.128, p = .008), and Agreeableness (β = 0.099, p = .044) were associated with less PC decline. Employment (β = 0.160, p = .022), health (β = 0.133, p = .002), and disease burden (β = -0.056, p = .014) were also associated with PC change. These results were largely driven by the financial dimension of PC. This study provides evidence for PC change during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies sociodemographic, personality, and health moderators of PC trajectory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang Q, Kanjanarat P, Wongpakaran T, Ruengorn C, Awiphan R, Nochaiwong S, Wongpakaran N, Wedding D. Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Stress: The Mediating Roles of Neuroticism and Perceived Social Support. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:812. [PMID: 35627949 PMCID: PMC9141688 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fear of COVID-19 leads to stress and may result in various kinds of mental health problems. Many factors are associated with an individual’s perception of stress, including neuroticism and perceived social support. This study aimed to examine the role of neuroticism and perceived social support as mediators of fear of COVID-19 on perceived stress. Methods: Data from 3299 participants aged ≥18 years from the HOME-COVID-19 survey in 2020 were used for analysis. Measurements used included the Fear of COVID-19 and Impact on Quality of Life Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale-10, the Neuroticism inventory and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support-12. A parallel mediation model within a structural equation modeling framework with 5000 bootstrapping sampling was used to test the mediating effect. Results: Fear of COVID-19 had a direct effect on perceived stress (B = 0.100, 95% CI = 0.080−0.121, p < 0.001), whereas neuroticism, but not perceived social support, partially mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress (B = 0.018, 95% CI = 0.000−0.036). Among all types of social support, only perceived support from friends was a significant mediator (B = 0.016, 95% CI = 0.006−0.025). Conclusions: Neuroticism and perceived support from friends are critical factors in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Yang
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Q.Y.); (C.R.); (R.A.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Penkarn Kanjanarat
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Q.Y.); (C.R.); (R.A.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Road, T. Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Q.Y.); (C.R.); (R.A.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., T. Sriphum, A. Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Ruengorn
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Q.Y.); (C.R.); (R.A.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Road, T. Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ratanaporn Awiphan
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Q.Y.); (C.R.); (R.A.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Road, T. Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Surapon Nochaiwong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Road, T. Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Q.Y.); (C.R.); (R.A.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., T. Sriphum, A. Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Danny Wedding
- Master of Science (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (Q.Y.); (C.R.); (R.A.); (N.W.); (D.W.)
- Department of Clinical and Humanistic Psychology, Saybrook University, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hartmann M, Müller P. Acceptance and Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures are Shaped Predominantly by Conspiracy Beliefs, Mistrust in Science and Fear - A Comparison of More than 20 Psychological Variables. Psychol Rep 2022:332941211073656. [PMID: 35212558 PMCID: PMC8883133 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211073656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic sparked a great interest in psychological factors that determine or explain peoples' responses to the novel threatening situation and the preventive measures (e.g. wearing masks, social distancing). In this study, we focused on contaminated mindware (conspiracy and paranormal beliefs) and investigated its relationship with both acceptance of and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, along with other variables from the domains of emotion (trait anxiety, fear), traditional personality traits (Big 5, locus of control, optimism/pessimism) and motivation (self-control, dispositional regulatory focus). A total of 22 variables were measured in an online survey (N = 374) that took place during the second wave of COVID-19 (Nov. 2020 – March 2021) in Switzerland. Of all variables, the endorsement of specific COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs was most strongly associated with lower acceptance and adherence to the preventive measures, together with mistrust in science and a more right-wing political orientation. In contrast, fear of COVID-19 and prevention regulatory focus were positively associated with acceptance and adherence. Our results therefore highlight the importance of fighting (conspiratorial) misinformation and of increasing the perceived credibility of science in reducing the spread of the coronavirus. Moreover, when acceptance was used as predictor for adherence, agreeableness and dispositional prevention regulatory focus still explained unique variance in adherence, suggesting that such personality and motivational variables play an important role in adhering and regulating preventive behaviour independent from the attitude towards the preventive measures themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hartmann
- Faculty of Psychology, 197131UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland.,Institute of Psychology, 27210University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra Müller
- Faculty of Psychology, 197131UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland.,Institute of Psychology, 27210University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sanwald S, Widenhorn-Müller K, Montag C, Kiefer M. Primary emotions as predictors for fear of COVID-19 in former inpatients with Major Depressive Disorder and healthy control participants. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:94. [PMID: 35135505 PMCID: PMC8822792 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are reports of an increase in depressive symptoms and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular in patients with depression. This study investigates factors related to fear of COVID-19 in former inpatients suffering from depression and healthy controls by assessing variables typically associated with depression and anxiety disorders, i.e. stressful life events (SLEs), the primary emotions SADNESS, PLAY and SEEKING as well as dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies with respect to suppression and reappraisal. METHODS Data of n = 44 former inpatients suffering from depression and n = 49 healthy controls were collected. The study had a longitudinal design with two measurement points. Before the pandemic, SLEs, primary emotions, emotion regulation and depression severity were assessed. During the pandemic, COVID-19 associated stressors and life events, emotion regulation, depression severity and fear of COVID-19 were assessed. RESULTS Fear of COVID-19 and depression severity during the pandemic were significantly higher in former inpatients than in healthy controls. Depression diagnosis, SLEs and depression severity before the pandemic were significant positive predictors of fear of COVID-19. The primary emotion PLAY was a significant negative predictor of fear of COVID-19. Depression severity did not change significantly in healthy controls. CONCLUSION The results show that risk factors for depression might be risk factors for high fear of COVID-19. In addition, a playful personality could help preventing mental stress in pandemic situations. Thus, positivity based interventions could counteract elevated fear scores during a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sanwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Katharina Widenhorn-Müller
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Montag
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Kiefer
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wessels M, Utegaliyev N, Bernhard C, Welsch R, Oberfeld D, Thönes S, von Castell C. Adapting to the pandemic: longitudinal effects of social restrictions on time perception and boredom during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1863. [PMID: 35115600 PMCID: PMC8814006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the Covid-19 pandemic, many governments introduced nationwide lockdowns that disrupted people’s daily routines and promoted social isolation. We applied a longitudinal online survey to investigate the mid-term effects of the mandated restrictions on the perceived passage of time (PPT) and boredom during and after a strict lockdown in Germany. One week after the beginning of the lockdown in March 2020, respondents reported a slower PPT and increased boredom compared to the pre-pandemic level. However, in the course of the lockdown, PPT accelerated and boredom decreased again until August 2020. Then, in October 2020, when incidence rates sharply rose and new restrictions were introduced, we again observed a slight trend toward a slowing of PPT and an increase of boredom. Our data also show that as the pandemic progressed, respondents adjusted their predictions about the pandemic’s duration substantially upward. In sum, our findings suggest that respondents adapted to the pandemic situation and anticipated it as the new “normal”. Furthermore, we determined perceived boredom and the general emotional state to be predictive of PPT, while depressive symptoms played a minor role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Wessels
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nariman Utegaliyev
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Bernhard
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin Welsch
- Human-Centered Ubiquitous Computing, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Oberfeld
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Thönes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph von Castell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Melotti G, Bonomo M, Hakoköngäs E, Pivetti M. Social representations of coronavirus/COVID-19 in Italy: Psychosocial anchoring to conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and the psychological dimension. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8814431 DOI: 10.1177/18344909221074469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From the societal approach of the Theory of Social Representations, this study
aimed to investigate the social representations of coronavirus/COVID-19 among
the Italian population. By means of an online questionnaire, 599 individuals
participated in the research, with a mean age of 38.09 years (SD = 14.44), 62.1%
being women. The instrument was composed of sociodemographic questions, free
association technique for the inductive term “coronavirus/COVID-19” and scales
on conspiracy beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and psychological dimension. The
results allowed us to identify four social representations: “Citizens driven by
Social Representations anchored to factual Covid-19 pandemic data,” with lower
vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs, and greater faith in science;
“Citizens with low confidence in anti-pandemic preventive measures by
government,” with lower agreement with restriction measures; “Emotional people,”
with higher agreement with restriction measures and expression of psychological
distress; and “Minority group of Citizens driven by denial of Covid-19,” with
higher vaccine hesitancy and conspiracy beliefs. We discuss the different social
representations identified from the psychological and psychosocial anchoring
processes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giannino Melotti
- Department of Education Studies “Giovanni Maria Bertin”—EDU, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariana Bonomo
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Eemeli Hakoköngäs
- Department of Social Sciences, Social Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Monica Pivetti
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cvetković VM, Nikolić N, Ocal A, Martinović J, Dragašević A. A Predictive Model of Pandemic Disaster Fear Caused by Coronavirus (COVID-19): Implications for Decision-Makers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:652. [PMID: 35055474 PMCID: PMC8775677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents quantitative research results regarding a predictive model of pandemic disaster fear caused by the coronavirus disease (COVİD-19). The aim of this paper was to establish the level and impact of certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on pandemic disaster fear caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19). The research was conducted using a questionnaire that was provided and then collected online for 1226 respondents during May 2021. A closed, five-point Likert scale was used to create the structured questionnaire. The first section of the questionnaire included research questions about the participants' socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, while the second section included issue questions about fear caused by COVID-19. The results of multivariate regression analyses showed the most important predictor for fear of COVID-19 to be gender, followed by age and education level. Furthermore, the results of t-tests showed statistically significant differences between men and women in terms of different aspects of pandemic disaster fear caused by the coronavirus disease. Our results have several significant public health implications. Women who were more educated and knowledgeable, married, and older, reported a greater fear of the outbreak at various levels. Decision-makers can use these findings to identify better strategic opportunities for pandemic disaster risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M. Cvetković
- Faculty of Security Studies, University of Belgrade, Gospodara Vučića 50, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
- Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia;
- International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucović 121, 11056 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Nikolić
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 32102 Cacak, Serbia; (N.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Adem Ocal
- Independent Researcher, Ankara 06500, Turkey;
| | - Jovana Martinović
- Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management, Dimitrija Tucovića 121, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia;
- International Institute for Disaster Research, Dimitrija Tucović 121, 11056 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Dragašević
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 32102 Cacak, Serbia; (N.N.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ANXIETY OF STUDENTS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UKRAINE. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2022-2-80-83-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
29
|
Długosz P. Predictors of psychological stress occurring after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1102728. [PMID: 36704739 PMCID: PMC9871767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of research aimed to identify the predictors of psychological distress among Poles 7 months after the occurrence of the first case of COVID-19. In order to gather the research material, the CAWI on-line survey method was applied and carried out within the framework of the Ariadna Research Panel on the sample of 1,079 Poles aged 15 and over. The results of the conducted research indicate that Polish society experienced psychological distress during the first wave of the pandemic. According to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), no mental disorders were observed among 36% of Poles, mild mental disorders were observed among 23% of respondents, average levels of disorders were observed among 18% of respondents, whereas high levels of disorders were observed among 23% of respondents. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of psychological distress. In the first stage, socio-demographic variables explained 13% of the distress variance. In the second stage, the variables measuring social nuisances of the pandemic were introduced, which increased the percentage of the explained stress variance to 24%. In the third stage, the introduced psychological variables increased the percentage of the explained variance to 65%. The main factor which increased stress levels was neuroticism. The conducted analyses have shown that the lack of social, economic and psychological capital significantly increases the susceptibility to distress when a threat to life and health lasts for a prolonged period of time.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pagé MG, Dassieu L, Develay É, Roy M, Vachon-Presseau É, Lupien S, Rainville P. Stress and Pain Before, During and After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:725893. [PMID: 35295411 PMCID: PMC8915720 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.725893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study explores the association between subjective feeling of stress and pain experience in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on characteristics known to trigger a physiological stress response [sense of low control, threat to ego, unpredictability and novelty (STUN)].Methods: This exploratory longitudinal convergent mixed methods design consisted of online questionnaires over three time points (before, during and after the 1st wave of the COVID-19 pandemic) (N = 49) and qualitative interviews (N = 27) during the 1st wave of the pandemic on distinct samples of individuals living with chronic pain (CP). Both types of data sources were mixed upon integration using joint display.Results: Mean pain intensity scores remained stable across time points, while pain unpleasantness and pain interference scores significantly improved. Global impression of change scores measured during the first wave of the pandemic do not entirely concord with pain scores evolution. Two thirds of participants reported a global deterioration of their pain condition at the beginning of the pandemic. Stress and pain catastrophizing before the pandemic were associated with pain scores throughout the pandemic; while most specific measures of stress due to the novel, uncontrollable, unpredictable and threatening nature of the pandemic were not. Qualitative data demonstrated that the deterioration reported in pain status reflected additional dimensions, including spatial expansion of the painful area, reduced access to treatments and challenges in adapting pain management strategies.Conclusions: Helping individuals to negotiate stressful aspects of the pandemic might help offset the negative impacts of stress on pain status in this context or other important life events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gabrielle Pagé
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: M. Gabrielle Pagé
| | - Lise Dassieu
- Research Center of the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Élise Develay
- Research Center of the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Vachon-Presseau
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-sud-de l'île de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Stomatology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Personality Traits That Affect Travel Intentions during Pandemic COVID-19: The Case Study of Serbia. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has enormous effects on peoples’ lives and on the global economy. The outbreak and effects of COVID-19 have resulted in fears, concerns, and anxiety among people all around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the fear of COVID-19, travel anxiety, and travel intention among residents in Serbia. In addition to the above, the aim of the study was to examine the impact of personality traits on the fear of COVID-19, travel anxiety, and travel intentions. To enhance the understanding of the relationship between the mentioned variables, this study proposes a research model based on the use of measurement scales from the existing studies to develop the questionnaire. The standard paper-and-pen survey was used for data collection from the respondents from Serbia. The total sample include 987 respondents. It was determined that Travel intention was negatively influenced by Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, but positively by Extroversion and Openness. The supposed Agreeableness did not have a significant effect on Travel intention. This study contributes to understanding the respondents’ behavior during pandemic of COVID-19, and their responses to the crisis according to their personality traits might have practical implications in the travel sector.
Collapse
|
32
|
A longitudinal model for psychological distress in the COVID-19 crisis among brazilian graduate students. PSICO 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2021.3.41332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As most evidence for mental health impacts of the COVID-19 crisis is cross-sectional, the present study aimed to analyze the longitudinal development of psychological suffering among 619 Brazilian adults by assessing mental health outcomes and individual factors in two periods: a year before and a month after the break of the pandemic. As major findings, pandemic psychological suffering was directly explained by previous-year suffering, conscientiousness, and pandemic perceived stress, and correlated with pandemic suicidal ideation. Pandemic perceived stress correlated with pandemic psychological distress, and was explained by previous-year suffering, neuroticism, and conscientiousness, as well as by pandemic life satisfaction and perceived pandemic impact. Finally, pandemic suicidal ideation variance was explained by prior ideation and pandemic life satisfaction. These findings are in line with current models of mental health and highlight the importance of integrating both more stable individual factors and more transient variables towards and explanation for mental health outcomes.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kohút M, Kohútová V, Halama P. Big Five predictors of pandemic-related behavior and emotions in the first and second COVID-19 pandemic wave in Slovakia. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 180:110934. [PMID: 34629578 PMCID: PMC8487295 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of Big Five personality traits on behavioral and emotional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Personality traits of 248 Slovak persons were assessed twice before the pandemic using the Big Five Inventory 2. Behavioral and emotional responses to the pandemic were collected during the first and second pandemic wave (April and September 2020). The results showed a statistically significant decrease in all response domains and in COVID-19 fear between the first and the second pandemic wave, suggesting that psychological adaptation to the pandemic occurred during the interim period. The results identified several meaningful links between the traits and pandemic-related behavior and emotions, especially for neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. However, the effects of personality were higher for the first pandemic wave, suggesting that these effects vary across time probably because of changes in pandemic perception in the society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kohút
- Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Hornopotočná 23, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kohútová
- Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Hornopotočná 23, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Halama
- Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Hornopotočná 23, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lahath A, Omar NA, Ali MH, Tseng ML, Yazid Z. Exploring food waste during the COVID-19 pandemic among Malaysian consumers: The effect of social media, neuroticism, and impulse buying on food waste. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION 2021; 28:519-531. [PMID: 34722847 PMCID: PMC8536942 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The amount of food being thrown away despite being in an edible condition has become alarming in countries with populations with medium and high incomes. Changes in consumer behaviour, such as overbuying, are some of the major impetuses of food waste. This study aimed to examine the relationship between food waste and social media usage, neuroticism, and impulse buying. The mediating role of impulse buying and the moderating role of neuroticism on food waste during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic were also uncovered in this study. A self-administered online survey was distributed to a total of 274 consumers who had experienced a lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak and were also regular buyers of food. Empirical findings supported the fact that social media usage, neuroticism, and impulse buying were positively related to food waste. Impulse buying mediates the relationship between social media usage and food waste, as well as between neuroticism and food waste. The study results also revealed that neuroticism positively moderates the relationship between social media usage and food waste. This paper offers new insights into efforts for sustainable food consumption to tackle the issue of food waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishath Lahath
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asiah Omar
- Centre of Value Creation and Human Well-being (INSAN), Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmi Ali
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- UKM-Graduate School of Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming-Lang Tseng
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Innovation and Circular Economy, Asia University, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taiwan
- Faculty of Economics and Management, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaleha Yazid
- Centre of Value Creation and Human Well-being (INSAN), Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Abstract. This review appraises evidence for the role of personality in COVID-19 related emotions and behaviors. Three key models of personality are considered: the Five-factor Model, HEXACO model, and Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). In line with personality research, more generally, most studies focus on the Five-Factor model. Key findings are that neuroticism is most associated with poor mental health, and extraversion is associated with a reluctance to socially isolate. Conscientiousness predicts compliance with safety guidelines but also with fewer prosocial behaviors, particularly stockpiling. Research within the HEXACO framework largely confirms these findings, especially for emotionality and mental health. The additional HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is found to be associated with prosocial views and abstention from panic buying. Studies based on the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality indicate emotional conflict as people wish to stay safe while maintaining a sense of normality. Behavioral compliance is driven by activation in the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS; fear-related) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS; anxiety-related). The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) is implicated in approach-driven behaviors such as avoiding infection. These findings have implications for health communications and post-pandemic support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dino Krupić
- Department of Psychology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nese Caki
- Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Philip J. Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Richter L, Heidinger T. Hitting Close to Home: The Effect of COVID-19 Illness in the Social Environment on Psychological Burden in Older Adults. Front Psychol 2021; 12:737787. [PMID: 34646219 PMCID: PMC8502856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of COVID-19 experience of infection in the individual's social environment on psychological burden controlling for a broad range of factors using data on an older population (50+ years). Based on the empirical evidence of preexisting studies, it is hypothesized that psychological burden will increase concurrent to the severity of COVID-19 experience (tested positive, hospitalized, and death) independent of the other stressors resulting from the pandemic, such as a subjective sense of uncertainty or financial burden. Data of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in EUROPE, and a European cross-national panel study were used to examine this hypothesis. Besides Chi2 test and Spearman's rho, a logistic regression model was constructed to test the hypothesized model. The study confirms that there is significantly higher risk for psychological burden by heightened COVID-19 severity in the social environment independent of multiple also significantly influential variables depicting stressors to everyday life of older people during the pandemic. The results point to the importance of multiple factors (social, financial, health, and sociodemographic) which have significantly affected the psychological condition of the individual during the past year. Conclusively, the results illustrate the dilemma that infection and illness in the social circle, as well as countermeasures (social distancing), have negative consequences for our mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Richter
- Department of Social Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Theresa Heidinger
- Department of General Health Studies, Division Gerontology and Health Research, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Troisi A, Nanni RC, Riconi A, Carola V, Di Cave D. Fear of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers: The Role of Neuroticism and Fearful Attachment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4358. [PMID: 34640375 PMCID: PMC8509269 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear of becoming infected is an important factor of the complex suite of emotional reactions triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among healthcare workers (HWs), fear of infection can put at risk their psychological well-being and occupational efficiency. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of personality (i.e., the big five traits) and adult attachment in predicting levels of fear (as measured by the FCV-19S) in 101 HWs employed in a COVID-19 university hospital. The three significant predictors retained by the stepwise regression model were age (beta = 0.26, t = 2.89, p < 0.01), emotional stability (i.e., the inverse of neuroticism) (beta = -0.26, t = -2.89, p < 0.01), and fearful attachment (beta = 0.25, t = 2.75, p < 0.01). Older HWs with higher levels of neuroticism and fearful attachment reported more intense fear of COVID-19. Our results can be useful to identify vulnerable subgroups of HWs and to implement selective programs of prevention based on counseling and psychological support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Troisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Riconi
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Medical School, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - David Di Cave
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Montag C, Sindermann C, Rozgonjuk D, Yang S, Elhai JD, Yang H. Investigating Links Between Fear of COVID-19, Neuroticism, Social Networks Use Disorder, and Smartphone Use Disorder Tendencies. Front Psychol 2021; 12:682837. [PMID: 34408703 PMCID: PMC8366062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates links between fear of COVID-19, the personality trait of neuroticism, social networks use disorder, and smartphone use disorder (SNUD and SmUD, respectively) tendencies. In an online survey, N = 932 participants recruited at a Chinese University (237 males and 695 females) completed self-reports on fear of COVID-19, neuroticism (and other personality traits from the Big Five Inventory-44), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (assessing tendencies toward SNUD), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale short version—assessing individual differences in tendencies toward SmUD. Our findings showed that all variables of main interest were positively correlated with each other. A mediation model suggested that SNUD (in parts) mediated the association between fear of COVID-19 and SmUD. Although neuroticism was robustly correlated with all mentioned variables, no moderation effect could be observed on the investigated fear-of-COVID-19-SNUD-link. The findings of this work provide further evidence that the smartphone itself is only a device giving individuals access to software applications, which might be excessively used. Beyond that, the present data indicate neuroticism to be a risk factor with respect to fear of COVID-19, SNUD, and SmUD, although the study is limited by its cross-sectional study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cornelia Sindermann
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shixin Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to get vaccinated. The serial mediation roles of existential anxiety and conspiracy beliefs. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 184:111188. [PMID: 34393312 PMCID: PMC8354796 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Today, we witness the progress toward global COVID-19 vaccinations organized by countries worldwide. Experts say a mass vaccination plan is the only effective antidote against the spread of SARS-COV-2. However, a part of the world population refuses vaccination. The present study aimed to understand the impact of some individual variables on the intention to get vaccinated. Through a serial mediation model, we tested the influence of fear of COVID-19 on the intention to get vaccinated and the serial mediating effect of existential anxiety and conspiracy beliefs. Via a cross-sectional design this research was conducted with the participation of 223 French adults (Female: 69.5%; Male: 30.5%; Mage = 30.26, SD = 13.24; range: 18–75 years) who responded to an online survey. The results showed a positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to get vaccinated; however, when this fear was associated with high levels of existential anxiety through conspiracy beliefs, the intention to get vaccinated decreased. Our findings were in line with Terror Management Health Model, which states that, in facing health threats, humans may strive to reduce their own perceived vulnerability not only by engaging in healthy behaviors but also denying or avoiding death anxiety, as anti-vaxxers do.
Collapse
|
40
|
Do Mental Health and Vitality Mediate the Relationship between Perceived Control over Time and Fear of COVID-19? A Survey in an Italian Sample. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163516. [PMID: 34441812 PMCID: PMC8397069 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies evidenced increased elevated symptomatology levels in anxiety, general stress, depression, and post-traumatic stress related to COVID-19. Real difficulties in the effective control of time that could be responsible for mental health issues and loss of vitality were also reported. Prior literature highlighted how perceived control over time significantly modulates anxiety disorders and promotes psychological well-being. To verify the hypothesis that perceived control over time predicts fear of COVID-19 and mental health and vitality mediate this relationship, we performed an online survey on a sample of 301 subjects (female = 68%; Mage = 22.12, SD = 6.29; age range = 18–57 years), testing a parallel mediation model using PROCESS macro (model 4). All participants responded to self-report measures of perceived control over time, COVID-19 fear, mental health, and vitality subscales of the Short-Form-36 Health Survey. Results corroborate the hypotheses of direct relationships between all the study variables and partially validate the mediation’s indirect effect. Indeed, mental health (a1b1 = −0.06; CI: LL = −0.11; UL = −0.01; p < 0.001) rather than vitality (a2b2 = −0.06; CI: LL = −0.09; UL = 0.03; n.s.) emerges as a significant mediator between perceived control over time and fear of COVID-19. Practical implications of the study about treatment programs based on perceived control over time and emotional coping to prevent fear and anxiety toward the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ahmed O, Hossain KN, Siddique RF, Jobe MC. COVID-19 fear, stress, sleep quality and coping activities during lockdown, and personality traits: A person-centered approach analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 178:110873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
Arillotta D, Guirguis A, Corkery JM, Scherbaum N, Schifano F. COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Substance Misuse: A Social Media Listening, Mixed Method Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070907. [PMID: 34356142 PMCID: PMC8303488 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The restrictive measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic modified some previously consolidated drug use patterns. A focus on social networks allowed drug users to discuss, share opinions and provide advice during a worldwide emergency context. In order to explore COVID-19-related implications on drug trends/behaviour and on most popular psychotropic substances debated, the focus here was on the constantly updated, very popular, Reddit social platform’s posts and comments. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of r/Drugs and related subreddits, using a social media listening netnographic approach, was carried out. The post/comments analysed covered the time-frame December 2019–May 2020. Between December 2019 and May 2020, the number of whole r/Drugs subreddit members increased from 619,563 to 676,581 members, respectively, thus increasing by 9.2% by the end of the data collection. Both the top-level r/Drugs subreddit and 92 related subreddits were quantitatively analysed, with posts/comments related to 12 drug categories. The drugs most frequently commented on included cannabinoids, psychedelics, opiates/opioids, alcohol, stimulants and prescribed medications. The qualitative analysis was carried out focussing on four subreddits, relating to some 1685 posts and 3263 comments. Four main themes of discussion (e.g., lockdown-associated immunity and drug intake issues; drug-related behaviour/after-quarantine plans’ issues; lockdown-related psychopathological issues; and peer-to-peer advice at the time of COVID-19) and four categories of Redditors (e.g., those continuing the use of drugs despite the pandemic; the “couch epidemiologists”; the conspirationists/pseudo-science influencers; and the recovery-focused users) were tentatively identified here. A mixed-methods, social network-based analysis provided a range of valuable information on Redditors’ drug use/behaviour during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies should be carried out focusing on other social networks as well as later phases of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Arillotta
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (D.A.); (A.G.); (J.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Amira Guirguis
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (D.A.); (A.G.); (J.M.C.); (F.S.)
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - John Martin Corkery
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (D.A.); (A.G.); (J.M.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse, and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; (D.A.); (A.G.); (J.M.C.); (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gélinas C, Maheu C, Lavoie-Tremblay M, Richard-Lalonde M, Gallani MC, Gosselin É, Hébert M, Tchouaket Nguemeleu E, Côté J. Translation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale into French-Canadian and English-Canadian and Validation in the Nursing Staff of Quebec. SCIENCE OF NURSING AND HEALTH PRACTICES 2021. [DOI: 10.7202/1077985ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Quebec has been one of the most affected provinces in Canada. Rising fear of COVID-19 is inevitable among healthcare workers, and a new scale was developed to measure this type of fear, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Aims: To translate the FCV-19S into French-Canadian and English-Canadian, and to validate both versions in the nursing staff from Quebec. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was sent to approximately 15 000 nursing staff including nurses and licensed practical nurses among those who had consented to their respective Order to be contacted for research. The forward-backward method was used to translate the FCV-19S into French-Canadian and English-Canadian. Both versions along with stress and work-related questionnaires, were used to establish validity. Results: A total of 1708 nursing staff, with a majority of women, completed the survey (1517 and 191 completed the French-Canadian and English-Canadian versions). A unidimensional scale was confirmed for both versions with Cronbach alphas of 0.90 and 0.88. Discriminative values showed higher fear levels in women, and in generation X (40-56 years old). Higher fear levels were also found in nursing staff working in long-term care facilities, provided care to COVID-19 patients who died, and those who felt less prepared to provide safe care. Convergent associations were found between fear levels, stress, work satisfaction, and turnover intention. Discussion and conclusion: A rigorous approach was used to translate the fear of COVID-19 scale into French-Canadian and English-Canadian. Both Canadian versions of the FCV-19S supported a valid unidimensional scale in Quebec nursing staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Gélinas
- Inf., Ph. D., Professeure titulaire, École des sciences infirmières Ingram, Université McGill, 680, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, 18e étage, suite 1800, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3A 2M7, Chercheuse, Centre de recherche en sciences infirmières et Institut Lady Davis, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital général juif
| | - Christine Maheu
- Inf., Ph. D., Professeure agrégée, École des sciences infirmières Ingram, Université McGill, Chercheuse, Centre universitaire de santé de McGill
| | | | - Mélissa Richard-Lalonde
- Inf., M. Sc., Ph. D.(c), École des sciences infirmières Ingram, Université McGill, Coordonnatrice de recherche clinique, Centre de recherche en sciences infirmières, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de l’Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital général juif
| | - Maria Cecilia Gallani
- Inf., Ph. D., Professeure titulaire, Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université Laval, Chercheuse, Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec
| | - Émilie Gosselin
- Inf., Ph. D., Professeure adjointe, École des sciences infirmières, Université de Sherbrooke
| | - Maude Hébert
- Inf., Ph. D., Professeure agrégée, Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
| | - Eric Tchouaket Nguemeleu
- Ph. D., Professeur agrégé, Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec en Outaouais
| | - José Côté
- Inf., Ph. D., Professeure titulaire, Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université de Montréal, titulaire de la Chaire de recherche sur les nouvelles pratiques de soins infirmiers, Chercheuse, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brosowsky NP, Van Tilburg W, Scholer AA, Boylan J, Seli P, Danckert J. Boredom proneness, political orientation and adherence to social-distancing in the pandemic. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021; 45:631-640. [PMID: 34054164 PMCID: PMC8143989 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research recently showed that boredom proneness was associated with increased social distancing rule-breaking in a sample collected early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we explore data collected early in the pandemic to examine what factors might drive this relation. We focus on political affiliation. Given the functional account of boredom as a call to action, we hypothesized that this urge to act may drive individuals towards outlets replete with symbolic value (e.g., ideology, identity). In addition, given the politicization of some social distancing rules (e.g., mask wearing), we explored whether those who adhere to strong political ideologies-particularly conservative ideologies-would be more likely to rule-break. Moderation analyses indicated that boredom proneness and social (but not fiscal) conservatism were indeed predictive of rule-breaking. These results highlight the need for both clear messaging emphasizing the strength of communal identity and action (i.e., that "We are all in this together") and for interventions that emphasize shared collective values in contexts that appeal directly to social conservatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholaus P Brosowsky
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Wijnand Van Tilburg
- Department of Psychology, Essex University, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, C04 3SQ UK
| | - Abigail A Scholer
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - James Boylan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Paul Seli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - James Danckert
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Siddique RF, Ahmed O, Hossain KN. Relationship between the fear of COVID-19 disease and sleep quality: the mediating role of stress. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07033. [PMID: 34027200 PMCID: PMC8123159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole world almost came to a standstill due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this pandemic, most psychological responses have been at a higher prevalence such as stress, anxiety, depression, lower mental well-being, poor sleep quality, along with the fear of contracting the COVID-19 disease. Related to these psychological responses, previous studies have suggested an association between COVID-19 fear and stress as well as stress and sleep quality. The present study aimed to assess the association between COVID-19 fear and sleep quality and investigate the possible mediating effect of perceived stress during this pandemic. The data were collected, utilizing a self-report online questionnaire, from a sample of 521 Bangladeshi adults. Results showed significant gender differences in COVID-19 fear, stress, and sleep quality and also a significant association between these variables. Mediation results revealed that stress fully mediated the association between COVID-19 fear and sleep quality for males and partially mediated it for females. These results suggest that women are in a more vulnerable position in this pandemic. These findings would be helpful to mental health professionals and policy makers to address the psychological problems induced by the current pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Nur Hossain
- Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zettler I, Schild C, Lilleholt L, Kroencke L, Utesch T, Moshagen M, Böhm R, Back MD, Geukes K. The Role of Personality in COVID-19-Related Perceptions, Evaluations, and Behaviors: Findings Across Five Samples, Nine Traits, and 17 Criteria. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506211001680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Individuals and institutions around the world have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we investigate the role of basic (Big Five and HEXACO) and specific (Dark Factor of Personality, Narcissistic Rivalry, and Narcissistic Admiration) personality traits for 17 criteria related to COVID-19, grouped into (i) personal perceptions in terms of risks and worries about the disease, (ii) behavioral adjustments in terms of following health recommendations and hoarding, and (iii) societal evaluations in terms of the appropriateness of different measures and feelings of social cohesion. (Internal) Meta-analytic results across five samples from two countries (overall N = 19,718) show—next to gender and age effects—the importance of several traits, including Emotionality/Neuroticism for personal perceptions and anti- or prosocial traits for behavior in line with health recommendations. The investigation highlights the importance of individual differences in uncertain and changing situations in general and during the COVID-19 pandemic in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Zettler
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Schild
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Siegen, Germany
| | - Lau Lilleholt
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lara Kroencke
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Till Utesch
- Institute of Educational Sciences, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Morten Moshagen
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Robert Böhm
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science (SODAS), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mitja D. Back
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kondo A, Abuliezi R, Naruse K, Oki T, Niitsu K, Ezeonwu MC. Perceived Control, Preventative Health Behaviors, and the Mental Health of Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211060279. [PMID: 34915745 PMCID: PMC8721884 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211060279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Perceived control is an individual's subjective beliefs about the amount of control he or she has over the environment or outcome. Objective: To examine the relationship between perceived control, preventive health behaviors, and mental health effects of undergraduate nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study used online self-administered questionnaires. Participants were nursing students attending 3 universities in Tokyo, Japan. Relationships among variables were quantitatively analyzed using linear regressions and a structural equation modeling after adjusting for demographic factors. Results: A total of 557 students participated in the survey. The analysis indicated that higher levels of perceived control were significantly related to higher levels of preventive health behaviors. Although higher preventive health behaviors were related to negative mental health effects, higher levels of perceived health competence translated to improved mental health effects. Perceived control was not directly related to mental health effects but positively related to perceived health competence. Long work hours per week and short hours of sleep per day were associated with lower preventive health behaviors. There were significant differences in the levels of perceived control and preventive health behaviors among students at the 3 universities. Discussion: To improve health behaviors and health competence and subsequently alleviate the mental health effects caused by strictly adhering to recommended health behaviors, students may be supported by the strategies that increase their perceived control. In addition to institutional support, students also require adequate sleep and financial stability to help prevent infections while protecting their mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kondo
- International Nursing Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Renaguli Abuliezi
- International Nursing Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuko Naruse
- School of Nursing, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Tomomi Oki
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Kosuke Niitsu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Mabel C. Ezeonwu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|