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León-González R, Ortolá R, Carballo-Casla A, Sotos-Prieto M, Buño-Soto A, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pastor-Barriuso R, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, García-Esquinas E. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae163. [PMID: 38975684 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) and whether or not its association with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) changes according to CMP status. METHODS In total, 1 957 randomly selected adults aged ≥65 years without prior CVD were followed up between 2015 and 2023. CMP was classified according to its intensity, frequency, and interference with daily activities. The association between GDF-15 levels and CMP was assessed using linear models with progressive inclusion of potential confounders, whereas the association between GDF-15 and CVD risk was evaluated with Cox proportional hazard models with similar adjustment and interaction terms between GDF-15 and CMP. The incremental predictive performance of GDF-15 over standard predictors was evaluated using discrimination and risk reclassification metrics. RESULTS GDF-15 concentrations were 6.90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.56; 11.25) higher in individuals with CMP, and up to 8.89% (4.07; 15.71) and 15.79% (8.43; 23.16) higher in those with ≥3 CMP locations and interfering pain. These increased levels were influenced by a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, functional impairments, depressive symptoms, and greater levels of inflammation in individuals with CMP. In fully adjusted models, a twofold increase in GDF-15 was associated with a 1.49 increased risk (95% CI: 1.08; 2.05) of a CVD event in individuals with CMP, but not among those without CMP (1.02 [0.77; 1.35]); p-interaction 0.041. Adding GDF-15 to models including the Framingham Risk Score improved predictive performance among individuals with CMP. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that GDF-15 could serve as a biomarker to assess CMP, as well as to predict CVD incidence in individuals with CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío León-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Carballo-Casla
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology, Aging Research Center, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, La Paz University Hospital-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Mealy G, Brennan K, Killeen SL, Kilbane M, Yelverton C, Saldova R, Groeger D, VanSinderen D, Cotter PD, Doyle SL, McAuliffe FM. Impact of previous pregnancy and BMI on cellular and serum immune activity from early to late pregnancy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16055. [PMID: 38992196 PMCID: PMC11239859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunological adaptions during pregnancy play a crucial role in healthy fetal development. Aberrant immune modifications however contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, which may be driven by maternal factors such as previous pregnancies and BMI. This secondary analysis of the MicrobeMom2 RCT investigates the changes to maternal inflammatory biomarkers derived from serum and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during pregnancy, and the effects of previous pregnancies (parity) and BMI on maternal immune responses. Changes in immune and metabolic biomarkers from early (11-15 weeks' gestation) to late (28-32 weeks' gestation) pregnancy were compared using paired t-tests. Participants were then split by parity (nulliparous, parous) and BMI (BMI < 25, BMI > = 25), and the relationship between parity and BMI with immune biomarker levels was examined using independent t-tests, paired t-tests, ANCOVA, and linear regression. Equivalent non-parametric tests were used for skewed data. Recruited women (n = 72) were on average 31.17 (SD ± 4.53) years of age and 25.11 (SD ± 3.82) BMI (kg/m2). Of these, 51 (70.8%) had a previous term pregnancy. Throughout gestation, PBMC cytokines displayed contrasting trends to serum, with a dampening of immune responses noted in PBMCs, and enhanced production of cytokines observed in the serum. Significant decreases in PBMC derived TNF-α, IL-10 and IFN-γ were seen from early to late pregnancy. Serum C3, IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α, CD163, GDF-15 and leptin increased throughout gestation. First pregnancy was associated with higher levels of leptin in late pregnancy, while parous women showed significant decreases in PBMC derived TNF-α, IL10, and IFN-γ with gestation. Differences in levels of C3, IL-17A, TNF-α, GDF-15 and leptin were observed across BMI groups. Overall, serum-derived cytokines exhibit contrasting levels to those derived from stimulated PBMCs. Maternal immune responses undergo significant changes from early to late pregnancy, which are influenced by parity and BMI. These differences aid our understanding as to why first-time mothers are at greater risk of placental disease such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Mealy
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kiva Brennan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah Louise Killeen
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mark Kilbane
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara Yelverton
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research, and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Groeger
- PrecisionBiotics Group Ltd (Novozymes), Cork Airport Business Park, Kinsale Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Douwe VanSinderen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Moorepark, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Doyle
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Lorenz EC, Smith BH, Liang Y, Park WD, Bentall AJ, Dhala AF, Waterman AD, Kennedy CC, Hickson LJ, Rule AD, Cheville AL, LeBrasseur NK, Stegall MD. Increased Pretransplant Inflammatory Biomarkers Predict Death With Function After Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00798. [PMID: 38913783 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between pretransplant inflammatory biomarkers (growth differentiation factor-15 [GDF-15], interleukin-6 [IL-6], soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, monokine induced by gamma interferon/chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9 [MIG/CXCL9], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble FAS, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-15, and interleukin-1β) and death with function (DWF) after kidney transplantation (KT). METHODS We retrospectively measured inflammatory biomarker levels in serum collected up to 1 y before KT (time from blood draw to KT was 130 ± 110 d) in recipients transplanted between January 2006 and December 2018. Kaplan-Meier estimation, Cox regression, and Gradient Boosting Machine modeling were used to examine the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and DWF. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 1595 KT recipients, of whom 62.9% were male and 83.2% were non-Hispanic White. Over a mean follow-up of 7.4 ± 3.9 y, 21.2% of patients (n = 338) experienced DWF. Patients with the highest quartile levels of GDF-15 (>4766 pg/mL), IL-6 (>6.11 pg/mL), and MIG/CXCL9 (> 5835 pg/mL) had increased rates of DWF, and each predicted mortality independently of the others. When adjusted for clinical factors (age, diabetes, etc), the highest quartile levels of GDF-15 and IL-6 remained independently associated with DWF. Adding inflammatory markers to a clinical Cox model improved the C-statistic for DWF from 0.727 to 0.762 using a Gradient Boosting Machine modeling approach. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that pre-KT serum concentrations of GDF-15, IL-6, and MIG/CXCL9 may help to risk stratify and manage patients undergoing KT and suggests that chronic inflammation may play a role in mortality in KT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byron H Smith
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Andrew J Bentall
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Atiya F Dhala
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Amy D Waterman
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Cassie C Kennedy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - LaTonya J Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Andrew D Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andrea L Cheville
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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4
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Tian C, Zhang H, Liu J, Xu M, Ma L. GDF-15 is a potential candidate biomarker for an elevated risk of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant dual anti-HER2 therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396133. [PMID: 38828460 PMCID: PMC11140138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine that regulates myocardial injury, cardiac overloading pressure, and inflammation and is related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases and events. The current study aimed to investigate the correlation of GDF-15 levels with clinical features, biochemical indices, and especially the risk of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant dual anti-HER2 therapy. Methods A total of 103 HER2-positive breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant dual anti-HER2 therapy (trastuzumab and pertuzumab plus chemotherapy) were included. Serum GDF-15 levels before neoadjuvant treatment were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cardiotoxicity was evaluated during neoadjuvant therapy by referring to a decline of ≥10 percentage points in the left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline to an absolute level less than 50%. Results GDF-15 exhibited a skewed distribution, with a median level of 714 (range: 207-1805) pg/mL. GDF-15 was positively correlated with age (p = 0.037), diabetes (p = 0.036), and the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level (p = 0.013) and positively correlated with the total cholesterol level (p = 0.086) and troponin T level (p = 0.082), but these correlations were not statistically significant. A total of 6.8% of patients experienced cardiotoxicity during neoadjuvant therapy. By comparison, the GDF-15 level was greater in patients who experienced cardiotoxicity than in those who did not (p = 0.008). A subsequent receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that GDF-15 predicted cardiotoxicity risk, with an area under the curve of 0.803 (95% CI: 0.664-0.939). After multivariate adjustment, GDF-15 independently predicted a greater risk of cardiotoxicity (p = 0.020). Conclusion GDF-15 is a candidate biomarker for increased risk of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant dual anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hongxu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Mengze Xu
- School of Nursing, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Lihui Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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5
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Chiariello A, Conte G, Rossetti L, Trofarello L, Salvioli S, Conte M. Different roles of circulating and intramuscular GDF15 as markers of skeletal muscle health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1404047. [PMID: 38808117 PMCID: PMC11130406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1404047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitokine expressed in response to various stresses whose circulating levels increase with age and are associated with numerous pathological conditions, including muscle wasting and sarcopenia. However, the use of circulating GDF15 (c-GDF15) as a biomarker of sarcopenia is still debated. Moreover, the role of GDF15 intracellular precursor, pro-GDF15, in human skeletal muscle (SM-GDF15) is not totally understood. In order to clarify these points, the association of both forms of GDF15 with parameters of muscle strength, body composition, metabolism and inflammation was investigated. Methods the levels of c-GDF15 and SM-GDF15 were evaluated in plasma and muscle biopsies, respectively, of healthy subjects (HS) and patients with lower limb mobility impairment (LLMI), either young (<40 years-old) or old (>70 years-old). Other parameters included in the analysis were Isometric Quadriceps Strength (IQS), BMI, lean and fat mass percentage, Vastus lateralis thickness, as well as circulating levels of Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, IGF-1, Insulin, IL6, IL15 and c-PLIN2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) and Receiving Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis were performed. Results c-GDF15 but not SM-GDF15 levels resulted associated with decreased IQS and IGF-1 levels in both HS and LLMI, while only in LLMI associated with increased levels of Resistin. Moreover, in LLMI both c-GDF15 and SM-GDF15 levels were associated with IL-6 levels, but interestingly SM-GDF15 is lower in LLMI with respect to HS. Furthermore, a discrimination of the four groups of subjects based on these parameters was possible with PCA and CDA. In particular HS, LLMI over 70 years or under 40 years of age were discriminated based on SM-GDF15, c-GDF15 and Insulin levels, respectively. Conclusion our data support the idea that c-GDF15 level could be used as a biomarker of decreased muscle mass and strength. Moreover, it is suggested that c-GDF15 has a different diagnostic significance with respect to SM-GDF15, which is likely linked to a healthy and active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiariello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre “Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate)”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Trofarello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Białas N, Rosenkranz N, Weber DG, Kostka K, Johnen G, Winter A, Brik A, Loza K, Szafranski K, Brüning T, Bünger J, Westphal G, Epple M. Synthetic silica fibers of different length, diameter and shape: synthesis and interaction with rat (NR8383) and human (THP-1) macrophages in vitro, including chemotaxis and gene expression profile. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:23. [PMID: 38734694 PMCID: PMC11088073 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of biopersistent fibers like asbestos can cause strong chronic inflammatory effects, often resulting in fibrosis or even cancer. The interplay between fiber shape, fiber size and the resulting biological effects is still poorly understood due to the lack of reference materials. RESULTS We investigated how length, diameter, aspect ratio, and shape of synthetic silica fibers influence inflammatory effects at doses up to 250 µg cm-2. Silica nanofibers were prepared with different diameter and shape. Straight (length ca. 6 to 8 µm, thickness ca. 0.25 to 0.35 µm, aspect ratio ca. 17:1 to 32:1) and curly fibers (length ca. 9 µm, thickness ca. 0.13 µm, radius of curvature ca. 0.5 µm, aspect ratio ca. 70:1) were dispersed in water with no apparent change in the fiber shape during up to 28 days. Upon immersion in aqueous saline (DPBS), the fibers released about 5 wt% silica after 7 days irrespectively of their shape. The uptake of the fibers by macrophages (human THP-1 and rat NR8383) was studied by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Some fibers were completely taken up whereas others were only partially internalized, leading to visual damage of the cell wall. The biological effects were assessed by determining cell toxicity, particle-induced chemotaxis, and the induction of gene expression of inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS Straight fibers were only slightly cytotoxic and caused weak cell migration, regardless of their thickness, while the curly fibers were more toxic and caused significantly stronger chemotaxis. Curly fibers also had the strongest effect on the expression of cytokines and chemokines. This may be due to the different aspect ratio or its twisted shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataniel Białas
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Gilbert Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kostka
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aileen Winter
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Brik
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Katja Szafranski
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Götz Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Analysis of the Associations of Measurements of Body Composition and Inflammatory Factors with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities in a Community-Based Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1066. [PMID: 38791028 PMCID: PMC11117926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The associations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with comorbidities and biochemical and body composition measurements are repeatedly described but have not been studied simultaneously. In the present cross-sectional study, information on CVD and comorbidities [type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia (HDL)], body composition, levels of soluble markers, and other measures were collected from 1079 individuals. When we examined the association of each comorbidity and CVD, controlling for other comorbidities, we observed a clear pattern of the comorbidity-related specific associations with tested covariates. For example, T2DM was significantly associated with GDF-15 levels and the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio independently of two other comorbidities; HTN, similarly, was independently associated with extracellular water (ECW) levels, L/A ratio, and age; and HDL was independently related to age only. CVD showed very strong independent associations with each of the comorbidities, being associated most strongly with HTN (OR = 10.89, 6.46-18.38) but also with HDL (2.49, 1.43-4.33) and T2DM (1.93, 1.12-3.33). An additive Bayesian network analysis suggests that all three comorbidities, particularly HTN, GDF-15 levels, and ECW content, likely have a main role in the risk of CVD development. Other factors, L/A ratio, lymphocyte count, and the systemic inflammation response index, are likely indirectly related to CVD, acting through the comorbidities and ECW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
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8
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Nyárády BB, Kiss LZ, Bagyura Z, Merkely B, Dósa E, Láng O, Kőhidai L, Pállinger É. Growth and differentiation factor-15: A link between inflammaging and cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116475. [PMID: 38522236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related disorders are closely linked to the accumulation of senescent cells. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) sustains and progresses chronic inflammation, which is involved in cellular and tissue dysfunction. SASP-related growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that is coupled to aging and thus may have a regulatory role in the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the effects of GDF-15 are tissue-specific and dependent on microenvironmental changes such as inflammation, available data suggest that GDF-15 has a significant role in CVD. Thus, GDF-15 is a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target for atherosclerotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bence Nyárády
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor utca 68, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Loretta Zsuzsa Kiss
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor utca 68, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Bagyura
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor utca 68, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor utca 68, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Edit Dósa
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Városmajor utca 68, Budapest H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Láng
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary.
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary.
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest H-1089, Hungary.
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Zabransky DJ, Chhabra Y, Fane ME, Kartalia E, Leatherman JM, Hüser L, Zimmerman JW, Delitto D, Han S, Armstrong TD, Charmsaz S, Guinn S, Pramod S, Thompson ED, Hughes SJ, O'Connell J, Egan JM, Jaffee EM, Weeraratna AT. Fibroblasts in the Aged Pancreas Drive Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1221-1236. [PMID: 38330147 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is more prevalent in older individuals and often carries a poorer prognosis for them. The relationship between the microenvironment and pancreatic cancer is multifactorial, and age-related changes in nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment may play a key role in promoting cancer aggressiveness. Because fibroblasts have profound impacts on pancreatic cancer progression, we investigated whether age-related changes in pancreatic fibroblasts influence cancer growth and metastasis. Proteomics analysis revealed that aged fibroblasts secrete different factors than young fibroblasts, including increased growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). Treating young mice with GDF-15 enhanced tumor growth, whereas aged GDF-15 knockout mice showed reduced tumor growth. GDF-15 activated AKT, rendering tumors sensitive to AKT inhibition in an aged but not young microenvironment. These data provide evidence for how aging alters pancreatic fibroblasts and promotes tumor progression, providing potential therapeutic targets and avenues for studying pancreatic cancer while accounting for the effects of aging. SIGNIFICANCE Aged pancreatic fibroblasts secrete GDF-15 and activate AKT signaling to promote pancreatic cancer growth, highlighting the critical role of aging-mediated changes in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment in driving tumor progression. See related commentary by Isaacson et al., p. 1185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Zabransky
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yash Chhabra
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mitchell E Fane
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma Kartalia
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James M Leatherman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura Hüser
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Delitto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Todd D Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samantha Guinn
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sneha Pramod
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven J Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jennifer O'Connell
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Diabetes Section/Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Johns Hopkins Cancer Convergence Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Steinmetz J, Stemmler A, Hennig CL, Symmank J, Jacobs C. GDF15 Contributes to the Regulation of the Mechanosensitive Responses of PdL Fibroblasts through the Modulation of IL-37. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38392243 PMCID: PMC10888100 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), areas of compressive and tensile forces are generated in the periodontal ligament (PdL), a mechanoreactive connective tissue between the teeth and alveolar bone. Mechanically stimulated PdL fibroblasts (PdLFs), the main cell type of PdL, express significantly increased levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). In compressed PdL areas, GDF15 plays a fundamental role in modulating relevant OTM processes, including inflammation and osteoclast activation. However, the specific function of this factor in tensile areas has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of GDF15 in the mechanoresponse of human PdLFs (hPdLFs) that were exposed to biaxial tensile forces in vitro. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments, we demonstrated that GDF15 had no impact on the anti-inflammatory force response of elongated hPdLFs. Although the anti-inflammatory markers IL1RN and IL10, as well as the activation of immune cells remained unaffected, we demonstrated an inhibitory role of GDF15 for the IL-37 expression. By analyzing osteogenic markers, including ALPL and RUNX2, along with an assessment of alkaline phosphatase activation, we further showed that the regulation of IL-37 by GDF15 modulates the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPdLFs. Despite bone resorption in tensile areas being rather limited, GDF15 was also found to positively modulate osteoclast activation in those areas, potentially by adjusting the IL-37 levels. In light of our new findings, we hypothesize that GDF15 modulates force-induced processes in tissue and bone remodeling through its various intra- and extracellular signaling pathways as well as interaction partners. Potentially acting as a master regulator, the modulation of GDF15 levels may hold relevance for clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinmetz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Albert Stemmler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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11
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Kiss LZ, Nyárády BB, Pállinger É, Lux Á, Jermendy ÁL, Csobay-Novák C, Soós P, Szelid Z, Láng O, Kőhidai L, Dinya E, Dósa E, Merkely B, Bagyura Z. Association of growth and differentiation factor-15 with coronary artery calcium score and ankle-brachial index in a middle-aged and elderly Caucasian population sample free of manifest cardiovascular disease. GeroScience 2024; 46:1343-1350. [PMID: 37548881 PMCID: PMC10828406 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-associated cytokine of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. The inflammatory and angiogenic effects of GDF-15 in atherosclerosis are controversial, and its correlation with the long asymptomatic phase of the disease is not well understood. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) are sensitive markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. To date, only a few studies have examined the impact of GDF-15 on coronary artery calcification, and the association between GDF-15 and ABI has not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between serum GDF-15 concentrations and CACS and ABI in a Caucasian population sample of middle-aged (35-65 years) and elderly (> 65 years) people. In addition to recording demographic and anthropometric characteristics, atherosclerotic risk factors, and laboratory tests including serum HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP); GDF-15 level, cardiac computed tomography, and ABI measurements were also performed. A total of 269 asymptomatic individuals (men, n = 125; median age, 61.5 [IQR, 12.7] years) formed the basis of this study. Participants were divided into two groups according to their age (middle-aged, n = 175 and elderly, n = 94). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent and CACS values and HbA1c, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 levels were significantly higher (all p < 0.001) in the elderly group compared to the middle-aged group. Multivariate ridge regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between GDF-15 and CACS (middle-aged group: β = 0.072, p = 0.333; elderly group: β = 0.148, p = 0.003), and between GDF-15 and ABI (middle-aged group: β = 0.062, p = 0.393; elderly group: β = 0.088, p = 0.041) only in the elderly group. Our results show that GDF-15 is not only a useful biomarker of inflammation but can also predict early signs of asymptomatic atherosclerosis, especially in elderly people with chronic systemic inflammation associated with aging (inflammaging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Zsuzsa Kiss
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Bence Nyárády
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Square, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Lux
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ádám Levente Jermendy
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csobay-Novák
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Soós
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szelid
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Láng
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Square, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad Square, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elek Dinya
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 15 Ferenc Square, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Dósa
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bagyura
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 68 Városmajor Street, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Relationships between Circulating Biomarkers and Body Composition Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:881. [PMID: 38255954 PMCID: PMC10815336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease involving multiple physiological, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities. The search for reliable biomarkers may help to better elucidate its pathogenesis and develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the present population-based study, we looked for biomarkers of MetS among obesity- and inflammation-related circulating factors and body composition parameters in 1079 individuals (with age range between 18 and 80) belonging to an ethnically homogeneous population. Plasma levels of soluble markers were measured by using ELISA. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Statistical analysis, including mixed-effects regression, with MetS as a dependent variable, revealed that the most significant independent variables were mainly adipose tissue-related phenotypes, including fat mass/weight (FM/WT) [OR (95% CI)], 2.77 (2.01-3.81); leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio), 1.50 (1.23-1.83); growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels, 1.32 (1.08-1.62); inflammatory markers, specifically monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), 2.53 (2.00-3.15), and a few others. Additive Bayesian network modeling suggests that age, sex, MHR, and FM/WT are directly associated with MetS and probably affect its manifestation. Additionally, MetS may be causing the GDF-15 and L/A ratio. Our novel findings suggest the existence of complex, age-related, and possibly hierarchical relationships between MetS and factors associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
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13
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Shayota BJ. Biomarkers of mitochondrial disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00325. [PMID: 38295557 PMCID: PMC10903091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders with a wide range of clinical manifestations, most classically resulting in neurological, muscular, and metabolic abnormalities, but having the potential to affect any organ system. Over the years, substantial progress has been made in identifying and characterizing various biomarkers associated with mitochondrial diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mitochondrial biomarkers based on a literature review and discusses the evidence behind their use in clinical practice. A total of 13 biomarkers were thoroughly reviewed including lactate, pyruvate, lactate:pyruvate ratio, creatine kinase, creatine, amino acid profiles, glutathione, malondialdehyde, GDF-15, FGF-21, gelsolin, neurofilament light-chain, and circulating cell-free mtDNA. Most biomarkers had mixed findings depending on the study, especially when considering their utility for specific mitochondrial diseases versus mitochondrial conditions in general. However, in large biomarker comparison studies, GDF-15 followed by FGF-21, seem to have the greatest value though they are still not perfect. As such, additional studies are needed, especially in light of newer biomarkers that have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Understanding the landscape of biomarkers in mitochondrial diseases is crucial for advancing early detection, improving patient management, and developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Shayota
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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14
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Shaik SP, Karan HH, Singh A, Attuluri SK, Khan AAN, Zahid F, Patil D. HFpEF: New biomarkers and their diagnostic and prognostic value. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102155. [PMID: 37866418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure characterized by preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) poses a substantial challenge to healthcare systems worldwide and the diagnostic algorithms used currently mirror those utilized for reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). This literature review aims to explore the diagnostic and prognostic credibility of numerous emerging biomarkers associated with HFpEF. We conducted a thorough analysis of the available medical literature and selected the biomarkers which yielded the maximum amount of published information. After reviewing the current literature we conclude that there are no biomarkers at present which are superior to natriuretic peptides in terms of diagnosis and prognosis of HFpEF. However biomarkers like Suppression of tumorigenicity2, Galectin3 and microRNAs are promising and can be researched further for future use. Although newer individual biomarkers may not be useful in diagnosing and prognosis of HFpEF, we believe that a specific biomarker profile may be identified in each phenotype,which can be used in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanaz Parveen Shaik
- Junior Resident, Internal Medicine, DR. Y.S.R University of Health Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Hasnain Hyder Karan
- Resident, Internal Medicine, San Joaquin General Hospital,French Camp, CA, United States
| | - Arkaja Singh
- Junior Resident, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Sai Kiran Attuluri
- Junior Resident, Internal Medicine, DR. Y.S.R University of Health Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Afnan Akram Nawaz Khan
- Junior Resident, Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Fazila Zahid
- Resident, Internal Medicine, OSF St Francis Hospital, University of Illinois College of Medicine; IL; USA
| | - Dhrumil Patil
- Postdoctoral Research fellow, Cardiology department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, USA
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15
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Liu F, Austin TR, Schrack JA, Chen J, Walston J, Mathias RA, Grams M, Odden MC, Newman A, Psaty BM, Ramonfaur D, Shah AM, Windham BG, Coresh J, Walker KA. Late-life plasma proteins associated with prevalent and incident frailty: A proteomic analysis. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13975. [PMID: 37697678 PMCID: PMC10652348 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic approaches have unique advantages in the identification of biological pathways that influence physical frailty, a multifactorial geriatric syndrome predictive of adverse health outcomes in older adults. To date, proteomic studies of frailty are scarce, and few evaluated prefrailty as a separate state or examined predictors of incident frailty. Using plasma proteins measured by 4955 SOMAmers in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community study, we identified 134 and 179 proteins cross-sectionally associated with prefrailty and frailty, respectively, after Bonferroni correction (p < 1 × 10-5 ) among 3838 older adults aged ≥65 years, adjusting for demographic and physiologic factors and chronic diseases. Among them, 23 (17%) and 82 (46%) were replicated in the Cardiovascular Health Study using the same models (FDR p < 0.05). Notably, higher odds of prefrailty and frailty were observed with higher levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15; pprefrailty = 1 × 10-15 , pfrailty = 2 × 10-19 ), transgelin (TAGLN; pprefrailty = 2 × 10-12 , pfrailty = 6 × 10-22 ), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2; pprefrailty = 5 × 10-15 , pfrailty = 1 × 10-15 ) and with a lower level of growth hormone receptor (GHR, pprefrailty = 3 × 10-16 , pfrailty = 2 × 10-18 ). Longitudinally, we identified 4 proteins associated with incident frailty (p < 1 × 10-5 ). Higher levels of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1), TAGLN, and heart and adipocyte fatty-acid binding proteins predicted incident frailty. Differentially regulated proteins were enriched in pathways and upstream regulators related to lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell senescence. Our findings provide a set of plasma proteins and biological mechanisms that were dysregulated in both the prodromal and the clinical stage of frailty, offering new insights into frailty etiology and targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Liu
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Thomas R. Austin
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center on Aging and HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rasika A. Mathias
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Morgan Grams
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Division of Precision MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Michelle C. Odden
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anne Newman
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Diego Ramonfaur
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amil M. Shah
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - B. Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine, MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Keenan A. Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral NeuroscienceNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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16
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Dogan Z, Ileri C, Kay EA, Sunbul M, Gurel EY, Özben Sadıc B, Sayar N, Ergun T, Tigen KM. Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness Parameters and the Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Level in Patients with Premature Myocardial Infarction. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1489. [PMID: 37888100 PMCID: PMC10608472 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is increasing at a younger age. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been implicated in several key mechanisms of atherogenesis. Arterial stiffness parameters, including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the augmentation index (AIx), can indicate the presence or progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the GDF-15 level and arterial stiffness parameters in patients with premature MI. METHOD Thirty patients aged ≤45 years (mean age: 39 ± 5 years, 23 male) who recovered from a MI and 15 age and sex-matched subjects were consecutively included. The serum GDF-15 concentration levels and arterial stiffness parameters of the patients and controls were measured. RESULTS GDF-15 levels were significantly higher in patients with premature MI, while there were no significant differences in PWV and AIx between the groups. The GDF-15 level was correlated negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and positively with uric acid levels. Both GDF-15 (p = 0.046, odds ratio: 1.092, 95% confidence interval: 1.003-1.196) and HDL cholesterol (p = 0.037, odds ratio: 0.925, 95% confidence interval: 0.859-0.995) were found as independent factors associated with premature MI. CONCLUSIONS GDF-15 could be a risk factor for premature MI. Further studies are needed to elucidate the central role of GDF-15 in the pathophysiology of early atherosclerosis and MI in the young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekeriya Dogan
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (E.A.K.); (M.S.); (E.Y.G.); (B.Ö.S.); (N.S.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Cigdem Ileri
- Department of Cardiology, Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34865, Turkey;
| | - Esin A. Kay
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (E.A.K.); (M.S.); (E.Y.G.); (B.Ö.S.); (N.S.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Murat Sunbul
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (E.A.K.); (M.S.); (E.Y.G.); (B.Ö.S.); (N.S.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Emre Y. Gurel
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (E.A.K.); (M.S.); (E.Y.G.); (B.Ö.S.); (N.S.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Beste Özben Sadıc
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (E.A.K.); (M.S.); (E.Y.G.); (B.Ö.S.); (N.S.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Nurten Sayar
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (E.A.K.); (M.S.); (E.Y.G.); (B.Ö.S.); (N.S.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Tulin Ergun
- Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34890, Turkey;
| | - Kursat M. Tigen
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (E.A.K.); (M.S.); (E.Y.G.); (B.Ö.S.); (N.S.); (K.M.T.)
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Yamamoto KK, Savage-Dunn C. TGF-β pathways in aging and immunity: lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Genet 2023; 14:1220068. [PMID: 37732316 PMCID: PMC10507863 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1220068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of signaling molecules plays critical roles in development, differentiation, homeostasis, and disease. Due to the conservation of these ligands and their signaling pathways, genetic studies in invertebrate systems including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been instrumental in identifying signaling mechanisms. C. elegans is also a premier organism for research in longevity and healthy aging. Here we summarize current knowledge on the roles of TGF-β signaling in aging and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, and PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States
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Łasut-Szyszka B, Rusin M. The Wheel of p53 Helps to Drive the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087645. [PMID: 37108808 PMCID: PMC10143509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is best known as an inhibitor of the cell cycle and an inducer of apoptosis. Unexpectedly, these functions of p53 are not required for its tumor suppressive activity in animal models. High-throughput transcriptomic investigations as well as individual studies have demonstrated that p53 stimulates expression of many genes involved in immunity. Probably to interfere with its immunostimulatory role, many viruses code for proteins that inactivate p53. Judging by the activities of immunity-related p53-regulated genes it can be concluded that p53 is involved in detection of danger signals, inflammasome formation and activation, antigen presentation, activation of natural killer cells and other effectors of immunity, stimulation of interferon production, direct inhibition of virus replication, secretion of extracellular signaling molecules, production of antibacterial proteins, negative feedback loops in immunity-related signaling pathways, and immunologic tolerance. Many of these p53 functions have barely been studied and require further, more detailed investigations. Some of them appear to be cell-type specific. The results of transcriptomic studies have generated many new hypotheses on the mechanisms utilized by p53 to impact on the immune system. In the future, these mechanisms may be harnessed to fight cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Łasut-Szyszka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
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Bordoni V, Casale M, Pinto VM, Carsetti R, Gianesin B, Gamberini MR, Mazdai L, Barella S, Denotti AR, Colavita F, Perrotta S, Maggio A, Pitrolo L, Quintino S, Caminati M, Mazzi F, Ceolan J, De Franceschi L, Forni GL, Locatelli F, Agrati C. Inflammatory and senescence-associated mediators affect the persistence of humoral response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemic patients. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:E145-E147. [PMID: 36871203 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bordoni
- Oncoematologia e Officina Farmaceutica, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Casale
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università, degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Pinto
- Center for Microcythemia, Congenital Anemia, and Iron Dysmetabolism, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B-Cell Laboratory, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Gianesin
- Center for Microcythemia, Congenital Anemia, and Iron Dysmetabolism, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.,ForAnemia Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Gamberini
- Day Hospital della Talassemia e delle Emoglobinopatie, Dipartimento di Medicina, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
| | - Leila Mazdai
- Day Hospital della Talassemia e delle Emoglobinopatie, Dipartimento di Medicina, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
| | - Susanna Barella
- SC Microcitemie e anemie rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico "A. Cao", Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Denotti
- SC Microcitemie e anemie rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico "A. Cao", Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Silverio Perrotta
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università, degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- Campus of Hematology Franco and Piera Cutino, AOOR Villa Sofia-V. Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorella Pitrolo
- Campus of Hematology Franco and Piera Cutino, AOOR Villa Sofia-V. Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Quintino
- Center for Microcythemia, Congenital Anemia, and Iron Dysmetabolism, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona & AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Filippo Mazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona & AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ceolan
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona & AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luca Forni
- Center for Microcythemia, Congenital Anemia, and Iron Dysmetabolism, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Oncoematologia e Officina Farmaceutica, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Oncoematologia e Officina Farmaceutica, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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