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Gupta S, Kaur R, Sohal JS, Singh SV, Das K, Sharma MK, Singh J, Sharma S, Dhama K. Countering Zoonotic Diseases: Current Scenario and Advances in Diagnostics, Monitoring, Prophylaxis and Therapeutic Strategies. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103037. [PMID: 38981342 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Human life and health have interacted reciprocally with the surrounding environment and animal fauna for ages. This relationship is evident in developing nations, where human life depends more on the animal population for food, transportation, clothing, draft power, and fuel sources, among others. This inseparable link is a potent source of public health issues, especially in outbreaks of zoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Zoonotic diseases are referred to as diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. Among the globally emerging diseases in the last decade, 75% are of animal origin, most of which are life-threatening. Since most of them are caused by potent new pathogens capable of long-distance transmission, the impact is widespread and has serious public health and economic consequences. Various other factors also contribute to the transmission, spread, and outbreak of zoonotic diseases, among which industrialization-led globalization followed by ecological disruption and climate change play a critical role. In this regard, all the possible strategies, including advances in rapid and confirmatory disease diagnosis and surveillance/monitoring, immunization/vaccination, therapeutic approaches, appropriate prevention and control measures to be adapted, and awareness programs, need to be adopted collaboratively among different health sectors in medical, veterinary, and concerned departments to implement the necessary interventions for the effective restriction, minimization, and timely control of zoonotic threats. The present review focuses on the current scenario of zoonotic diseases and their counteracting approaches to safeguard their health impact on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rasanpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagdip Singh Sohal
- Centre for Vaccine and Diagnostic Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaushik Das
- Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saket Nagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, India; Division of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, SKUAST-J, Jammu, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Raheem MA, Rahim MA, Gul I, Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Zhang CY, Yu D, Pandey V, Du K, Wang R, Han S, Han Y, Qin P. COVID-19: Post infection implications in different age groups, mechanism, diagnosis, effective prevention, treatment, and recommendations. Life Sci 2024:122861. [PMID: 38925222 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious pathogen that predominantly caused the COVID-19 pandemic. The persistent effects of COVID-19 are defined as an inflammatory or host response to the virus that begins four weeks after initial infection and persists for an undetermined length of time. Chronic effects are more harmful than acute ones thus, this review explored the long-term effects of the virus on various human organs, including the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological, reproductive, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and lymphoid systems and found that SARS-CoV-2 adversely affects these organs of older adults. Regarding diagnosis, the RT-PCR is a gold standard method of diagnosing COVID-19; however, it requires specialized equipment and personnel for performing assays and a long time for results production. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, artificial intelligence employed in imaging and microfluidics technologies is the most promising in diagnosing COVID-19. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are the most effective treatment for reducing the persistent impacts of COVID-19 by providing immunity to post-COVID-19 patients by reducing cytokine release syndrome, improving the T cell response, and increasing the circulation of activated natural killer and CD8 T cells in blood and tissues, which ultimately reduces fever, nausea, fatigue, and muscle weakness and pain. Vaccines such as inactivated viral, live attenuated viral, protein subunit, viral vectored, mRNA, DNA, or nanoparticle vaccines significantly reduce the adverse long-term virus effects in post-COVID-19 patients; however, no vaccine was reported to provide lifetime protection against COVID-19; consequently, protective measures such as physical separation, mask use, and hand cleansing are promising strategies. This review provides a comprehensive knowledge of the persistent effects of COVID-19 on people of varying ages, as well as diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and future preventative measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ajwad Rahim
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ahnui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Runming Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Yuxing Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China.
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3
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Tian Y, Yu T, Wang J, Zhang H, Jian Y, Li X, Wang G, Wang G, Hu Y, Lu C, Zhou J, Ma L, Liao M. Genetic characterization of the first Deltacoronavirus from wild birds around Qinghai Lake. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1423367. [PMID: 38933020 PMCID: PMC11199898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1423367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deltacoronavirus, widely distributed among pigs and wild birds, pose a significant risk of cross-species transmission, including potential human epidemics. Metagenomic analysis of bird samples from Qinghai Lake, China in 2021 reported the presence of Deltacoronavirus. A specific gene fragment of Deltacoronavirus was detected in fecal samples from wild birds at a positive rate of 5.94% (6/101). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified a novel Deltacoronavirus strain, which was closely related to isolates from the United Arab Emirates (2018), China (2022), and Poland (2023). Subsequently the strain was named A/black-headed gull/Qinghai/2021(BHG-QH-2021) upon confirmation of the Cytochrome b gene of black-headed gull in the sample. All available genome sequences of avian Deltacoronavirus, including the newly identified BHG-QH-2021 and 5 representative strains of porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), were classified according to ICTV criteria. In contrast to Coronavirus HKU15, which infects both mammals and birds and shows the possibility of cross-species transmission from bird to mammal host, our analysis revealed that BHG-QH-2021 is classified as Putative species 4. Putative species 4 has been reported to infect 5 species of birds but not mammals, suggesting that cross-species transmission of Putative species 4 is more prevalent among birds. Recombination analysis traced BHG-QH-2021 origin to dut148cor1 and MW01_1o strains, with MW01_1o contributing the S gene. Surprisingly, SwissModle prediction showed that the optimal template for receptor-binding domain (RBD) of BHG-QH-2021 is derived from the human coronavirus 229E, a member of the Alphacoronavirus, rather than the anticipated RBD structure of PDCoV of Deltacoronavirus. Further molecular docking analysis revealed that substituting the loop 1-2 segments of HCoV-229E significantly enhanced the binding capability of BHG-QH-2021 with human Aminopeptidase N (hAPN), surpassing its native receptor-binding domain (RBD). Most importantly, this finding was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiment that loop 1-2 segments of HCoV-229E enable BHG-QH-2021 RBD binding to hAPN, indicating that the loop 1-2 segment of the RBD in Putative species 4 is a probable key determinant for the virus ability to spill over into humans. Our results summarize the phylogenetic relationships among known Deltacoronavirus, reveal an independent putative avian Deltacoronavirus species with inter-continental and inter-species transmission potential, and underscore the importance of continuous surveillance of wildlife Deltacoronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation of the Third Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tumushuke, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingna Jian
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiuping Li
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Geping Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Chenhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqing Ma
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Disease and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Zhao Y, Zhang T, Zhou C, Guo B, Wang H. Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute Based Detection Assays for Porcine Deltacoronavirus. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1323-1331. [PMID: 38567812 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a major cause of diarrhea and diarrhea-related deaths among piglets and results in massive losses to the overall porcine industry. The clinical manifestations of porcine diarrhea brought on by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and PDCoV are oddly similar to each other. Hence, the identification of different pathogens through molecular diagnosis and serological techniques is crucial. Three novel detection methods for identifying PDCoV have been developed utilizing recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) or reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) in conjunction with Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo): RAA-PfAgo, one-pot RT-RAA-PfAgo, and one-pot RT-RAA-PfAgo-LFD. The indicated approaches have a detection limit of around 60 copies/μL of PDCoV and do not cross-react with other viruses including PEDV, TGEV, RVA, PRV, PCV2, or PCV3. The applicability of one-pot RT-RAA-PfAgo and one-pot RT-RAA-PfAgo-LFD were examined using clinical samples and showed a positive rate comparable to the qPCR method. These techniques offer cutting-edge technical assistance for identifying, stopping, and managing PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Boyan Guo
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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5
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Baek JH, Lee YM, Vu ND, Kim MH, Zhao J, Le VP, Cho JH, Park JE. A multiplex real-time RT-qPCR assay for simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus. Arch Virol 2024; 169:82. [PMID: 38520595 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) cause intestinal diseases with similar manifestations in suckling piglets. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR for differential diagnosis of PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV. The assay demonstrated high specificity with a detection limit of 5 copies/µl for each virus. The assay specifically detected PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV and excluded all other swine pathogens circulating in pigs. Furthermore, the assay exhibited satisfactory performance in analyzing clinical samples. The data indicate that the newly developed multiplex real-time PCR method can be applied for differential diagnosis of porcine enteric coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Baek
- Molecular Diagnostics Team, Genes Laboratories, 388, Dunchon-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Min Lee
- Molecular Diagnostics Team, Genes Laboratories, 388, Dunchon-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Duong Vu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Min-Hui Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joo Hyuk Cho
- Molecular Diagnostics Team, Genes Laboratories, 388, Dunchon-daero, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13403, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Brogna C, Bisaccia DR, Costanzo V, Lettieri G, Montano L, Viduto V, Fabrowski M, Cristoni S, Prisco M, Piscopo M. Who Is the Intermediate Host of RNA Viruses? A Study Focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and Poliovirus. Microorganisms 2024; 12:643. [PMID: 38674588 PMCID: PMC11051822 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a surge in research on microbiology and virology, shedding light on overlooked aspects such as the infection of bacteria by RNA virions in the animal microbiome. Studies reveal a decrease in beneficial gut bacteria during COVID-19, indicating a significant interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the human microbiome. However, determining the origins of the virus remains complex, with observed phenomena such as species jumps adding layers to the narrative. Prokaryotic cells play a crucial role in the disease's pathogenesis and transmission. Analyzing previous studies highlights intricate interactions from clinical manifestations to the use of the nitrogen isotope test. Drawing parallels with the history of the Poliovirus underscores the need to prioritize investigations into prokaryotic cells hosting RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Brogna
- Department of Research, Craniomed Group Facility Srl., 20091 Bresso, Italy;
| | | | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gennaro Lettieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of LifeStyle Medicine in Uro-Andrology, Local Health Authority (ASL), 84124 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Valentina Viduto
- Long COVID-19 Foundation, Brookfield Court, Leeds LS25 1NB, UK; (V.V.)
| | - Mark Fabrowski
- Long COVID-19 Foundation, Brookfield Court, Leeds LS25 1NB, UK; (V.V.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK
- British Polio Fellowship, Watford WD25 8HR, UK
| | | | - Marina Prisco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.)
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Williams RAJ, Sánchez-Llatas CJ, Doménech A, Madrid R, Fandiño S, Cea-Callejo P, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L. Emerging and Novel Viruses in Passerine Birds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2355. [PMID: 37764199 PMCID: PMC10536639 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in emerging viruses that can cause serious or lethal disease in humans and animals. The proliferation of cloacal virome studies, mainly focused on poultry and other domestic birds, reveals a wide variety of viruses, although their pathogenic significance is currently uncertain. Analysis of viruses detected in wild birds is complex and often biased towards waterfowl because of the obvious interest in avian influenza or other zoonotic viruses. Less is known about the viruses present in the order Passeriformes, which comprises approximately 60% of extant bird species. This review aims to compile the most significant contributions on the DNA/RNA viruses affecting passerines, from traditional and metagenomic studies. It highlights that most passerine species have never been sampled. Especially the RNA viruses from Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Togaviridae are considered emerging because of increased incidence or avian mortality/morbidity, spread to new geographical areas or hosts and their zoonotic risk. Arguably poxvirus, and perhaps other virus groups, could also be considered "emerging viruses". However, many of these viruses have only recently been described in passerines using metagenomics and their role in the ecosystem is unknown. Finally, it is noteworthy that only one third of the viruses affecting passerines have been officially recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. J. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Christian J. Sánchez-Llatas
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Doménech
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Madrid
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Sergio Fandiño
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cea-Callejo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
- Deparment of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Nováis, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.S.-L.); (R.M.); (P.C.-C.); (L.B.)
- “Animal Viruses” Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (S.F.); (E.G.-L.)
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8
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Poonsin P, Wiwatvisawakorn V, Chansaenroj J, Poovorawan Y, Piewbang C, Techangamsuwan S. Canine respiratory coronavirus in Thailand undergoes mutation and evidences a potential putative parent for genetic recombination. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0226823. [PMID: 37707446 PMCID: PMC10581155 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02268-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is associated with canine infectious respiratory disease complex. Although its detection has been reported worldwide, the genomic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of this virus remain poorly defined. In this study, 21 CRCoV sequences obtained from dogs in Thailand during two episodes (2013-2015, group A; 2021-2022, group B) were characterized and analyzed. The genomic characteristics of Thai CRCoVs changed from 2013 to 2022 and showed a distinct phylogenetic cluster. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike (S) genes divided the analyzed CRCoV strains into five clades. The full-length genome characterization revealed that all Thai CRCoVs possessed a nonsense mutation within the nonstructural gene located between the S and envelope genes, leading to a truncated putative nonstructural protein. Group B Thai CRCoV strains represented the signature nonsynonymous mutations in the S gene that was not identified in group A Thai CRCoVs, suggesting the ongoing evolutionary process of Thai CRCoVs. Although no evidence of recombination of Thai CRCoV strains was found, our analysis identified one Thai CRCoV strain as a potential parent virus for a CRCoV strain found in the United States. Selective pressure analysis of the hypervariable S region indicated that the CRCoV had undergone purifying selection during evolution. Evolutionary analysis suggested that the CRCoV was emerged in 1992 and was first introduced in Thailand in 2004, sharing a common ancestor with Korean CRCoV strains. These findings regarding the genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of CRCoVs add to the understanding of CRCoVs. IMPORTANCE Knowledge of genomic characterization of the CRCoV is still limited and its evolution remains poorly investigated. We, therefore, investigated the full-length genome of CRCoV in Thailand for the first time and analyzed the evolutionary dynamic of CRCoV. Genomic characterization of Thai CRCoV strains revealed that they possess unique genome structures and have undergone nonsynonymous mutations, which have not been reported in previously described CRCoV strains. Our work suggests that the Thai CRCoVs were not undergone mutation through genetic recombination for their evolution. However, one Thai CRCoV strain PP158_THA_2015 was found to be a potential parent virus for the CRCoV strains found in the United States. This study provides an understanding of the genomic characterization and highlights the signature mutations and ongoing evolutionary process of CRCoV that could be crucial for monitoring in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Poonsin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Aedo-Sánchez C, Gutiérrez G, Aguilar-Vidal E. COVID-19 and Vestibular Symptoms and Assessment: A Review. Audiol Neurootol 2023; 29:81-87. [PMID: 37703853 DOI: 10.1159/000533448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality primarily associated with respiratory failure. However, it has also been reported that COVID-19 can evolve into a nervous system infection. The direct and indirect mechanisms of damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 neuropathogenesis could affect our sensory functionality, including hearing and balance. SUMMARY In order to investigate a possible association between SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and possible damage to the vestibular system, this review describes the main findings related to diagnosing and evaluating otoneurological pathologies. KEY MESSAGES The clinical evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 causes acute damage to the vestibular system that would not leave significant sequelae. Recovery is similar to vestibular pathologies such as vestibular neuronitis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Further basic science, clinical, and translational research is needed to verify and understand the short- and long-term effects of COVID-19 on vestibular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Aedo-Sánchez
- Departamento Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Gutiérrez
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enzo Aguilar-Vidal
- Departamento Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Santos HO, Santos EMS, de Oliveira HDS, dos Santos WS, Tupy AA, Souza EG, Ramires R, Luiz ACO, de Almeida AC. Screening for canine coronavirus, canine influenza virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in dogs during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Vet World 2023; 16:1772-1780. [PMID: 37859971 PMCID: PMC10583864 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1772-1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Although most cases of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are in humans, there is scientific evidence to suggest that the virus can also infect dogs and cats. This study investigated the circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), canine coronavirus (CCV), and canine influenza virus (CIV) in domiciled and/or stray dogs from different locations in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods In total, 86 dogs living in homes, on the streets, or in shelters in the cities of Taiobeiras, Salinas, Araçuaí, and Almenara were randomly selected for this study. The COVID Ag Detect® Self-Test was used to detect SARS-CoV-2. The ACCUVET CCV AG TEST - CANINE CORONAVIROSIS® was used to detect CCV, whereas canine influenza was detected using the ACCUVET CIV AG TEST - INFLUENZA CANINA®. All collected data were mapped using QGIS 3.28.1 for spatial data analysis and the identification of disease distribution patterns. Descriptive analysis of the collected data, prevalence calculations, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals, when possible, was performed. Results Of the 86 animals tested, only one dog tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using the rapid test for viral antigen detection. No animals tested positive for CIV. Canine coronavirus was detected in almost half of the animals tested in Almenara. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 had a low prevalence (1.16%), versus 15.62% for CCV. Although the results were not significant, the age and breed of animals appeared to be associated with the occurrence of CCV. The results indicated that younger animals were 2.375-fold more likely to be infected. Likewise, purebred animals were more likely to contract the disease (OR = 1.944). Conclusion The results indicate the need to maintain preventive measures against CCV, canine influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 in dogs. More studies are needed to better elucidate the panorama of these diseases in dogs, mainly in underdeveloped and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elber Gomes Souza
- Clínica Veterinária e Pet Shop Neres e Souza, Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rair Ramires
- Zecão pet shop clínica veterinária, Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Christina de Almeida
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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11
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Contrant M, Bigault L, Andraud M, Desdouits M, Rocq S, Le Guyader FS, Blanchard Y. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Surrogate for Coronavirus Decay Measurement in French Coastal Waters and Contribution to Coronavirus Risk Evaluation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0184423. [PMID: 37395665 PMCID: PMC10433961 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01844-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in infected patients mainly displays pulmonary and oronasal tropism; however, the presence of the virus has also been demonstrated in the stools of patients and consequently in wastewater treatment plant effluents, raising the question of the potential risk of environmental contamination (such as seawater contamination) through inadequately treated wastewater spillover into surface or coastal waters even if the environmental detection of viral RNA alone does not substantiate risk of infection. Therefore, here, we decided to experimentally evaluate the persistence of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv), considered as a coronavirus representative model, in the coastal environment of France. Coastal seawater was collected, sterile-filtered, and inoculated with PEDv before incubation for 0 to 4 weeks at four temperatures representative of those measured along the French coasts throughout the year (4, 8, 15, and 24°C). The decay rate of PEDv was determined using mathematical modeling and was used to determine the half-life of the virus along the French coast in accordance with temperatures from 2000 to 2021. We experimentally observed an inverse correlation between seawater temperature and the persistence of infectious viruses in seawater and confirm that the risk of transmission of infectious viruses from contaminated stool in wastewater to seawater during recreational practices is very limited. The present work represents a good model to assess the persistence of coronaviruses in coastal environments and contributes to risk evaluation, not only for SARS-CoV-2 persistence, but also for other coronaviruses, specifically enteric coronaviruses from livestock. IMPORTANCE The present work addresses the question of the persistence of coronavirus in marine environments because SARS-CoV-2 is regularly detected in wastewater treatment plants, and the coastal environment, subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressure and the final receiver of surface waters and sometimes insufficiently depurated wastewater, is particularly at risk. The problem also arises in the possibility of soil contamination by CoV from animals, especially livestock, during manure application, where, by soil impregnation and runoff, these viruses can end up in seawater. Our findings are of interest to researchers and authorities seeking to monitor coronaviruses in the environment, either in tourist areas or in regions of the world where centralized systems for wastewater treatment are not implemented, and more broadly, to the scientific community involved in "One Health" approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Contrant
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Lionel Bigault
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Mathieu Andraud
- Epidemiology, Animal Health and Welfare Unit (EPISABE), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Marion Desdouits
- Ifremer, laboratoire de Microbiologie, SG2M/LSEM, BP 21105, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Rocq
- Ifremer, laboratoire de Microbiologie, SG2M/LSEM, BP 21105, Nantes, France
| | | | - Yannick Blanchard
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
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12
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Hadni H, Fitri A, Touimi Benjelloun A, Benzakour M, Mcharfi M, Benbrahim M. Identification of terpenoids as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (main protease) and spike (RBD) via computer-aided drug design. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37548619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2245051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community has been faced with a major challenge in the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the lack of targeted antiviral drugs. To address this issue, we used an in silico approach to screen 23 natural compounds from the terpenoid class for their ability to target key SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic proteins. The results revealed that several compounds showed promising interactions with SARS-CoV-2 proteins, specifically the main protease and the spike receptor binding domain. The molecular docking analysis revealed the importance of certain residues, such as GLY143, SER144, CYS145 and GLU166, in the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 protein, which play a crucial role in interactions with the ligand. In addition, our study highlighted the importance of interactions with residues GLY496, ARG403, SER494 and ARG393 of the spike receptor-binding domain within the SARS-CoV-2 protein. ADMET and drug similarity analyses were also performed, followed by molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA calculations, to identify potential drugs could be repurposed to combat COVID-19. Indeed, the results suggest that certain terpenoid compounds of plant origin have promising potential as therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2. However, additional experimental studies are required to confirm their efficacy as drugs against COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanine Hadni
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Asmae Fitri
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adil Touimi Benjelloun
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benzakour
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mcharfi
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benbrahim
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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13
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Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhang G. Key Aspects of Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050698. [PMID: 37242368 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped and positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. IBV was the first coronavirus to be discovered and predominantly causes respiratory disease in commercial poultry worldwide. This review summarizes several important aspects of IBV, including epidemiology, genetic diversity, antigenic diversity, and multiple system disease caused by IBV as well as vaccination and antiviral strategies. Understanding these areas will provide insight into the mechanism of pathogenicity and immunoprotection of IBV and may improve prevention and control strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Klestova Z. Possible spread of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and wild animals and body temperature role. Virus Res 2023; 327:199066. [PMID: 36754290 PMCID: PMC9911306 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was officially announced in March 2020 and is still moving around the world. Virus strains, their pathogenicity and infectivity are changing, but the ability is fast to spread and harm people's health remained, despite the seasonality seasons and other circumstances. Most likely, humanity is doomed for a long time to coexistence with this emergent pathogen, since it is already circulating not only among the human population, but and among fauna, especially among wild animals in different regions of the planet. Thus, the range the virus has expanded, the material and conditions for its evolution are more than enough. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in known infected fauna species is analyzed and possible spread and ongoing circulation of the virus in domestic and wild animals are discussed. One of the main focus of the article is the role of animal body temperature, its fluctuations and the presence of entry receptors in the susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus spreading in possible new ecological niches. The possibility of long-term circulation of the pathogen among susceptible organisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida Klestova
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 6, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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15
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Xu L, Ye S, Ding Y, Xiao Y, Yao C, Wang Z, Cai S, Ou J, Mao J, Hu X, Cheng S, Wang J, Lu G, Li S. A Combined Method Based on the FIPV N Monoclonal Antibody Immunofluorescence Assay and RT-nPCR Method for the Rapid Diagnosis of FIP-Suspected Ascites. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/8429106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), which is caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), is a fatal and immunologically mediated infectious disease among cats. At present, due to the atypical clinical symptoms and clinicopathological changes, the clinical diagnosis of FIP is still difficult. The gold standard method for the differential diagnosis of FIP is immunohistochemistry (IHC) which is time-consuming and requires specialized personnel and equipment. Therefore, a rapid and accurate clinical diagnostic method for FIPV infection is still urgently needed. In this study, based on the etiological investigation of FIPV in parts of southern China, we attempted to explore a new rapid and highly sensitive method for clinical diagnosis. The results of the etiological investigation showed that the N gene of the FIPV BS8 strain had the highest homology with other strains. Based on this, a specific FIPV BS8 N protein monoclonal antibody was successfully prepared by expression of the recombinant proteins, immunization of mice, fusion and selection of hybridoma cell lines, and screening and purification of monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, we carried out a time-saving combination method including indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) to examine FIP-suspected clinical samples. These results were 100% consistent with IHC. The results revealed that the combined method could be a rapid and accurate application in the diagnosis of suspected FIPV infection within 24 hours. In conclusion, the combination of IFA and RT-nPCR was shown to be a fast and reliable method for clinical FIPV diagnosis. This study will provide insight into the exploitation of FIPV N antibodies for the clinical diagnosis of FIP-suspected ascites samples.
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16
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Dumenil T, Le TT, Rawle DJ, Yan K, Tang B, Nguyen W, Bishop C, Suhrbier A. Warmer ambient air temperatures reduce nasal turbinate and brain infection, but increase lung inflammation in the K18-hACE2 mouse model of COVID-19. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160163. [PMID: 36395835 PMCID: PMC9659553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Warmer climatic conditions have been associated with fewer COVID-19 cases. Herein we infected K18-hACE2 mice housed at the standard animal house temperature of ∼22 °C, or at ∼31 °C, which is considered to be thermoneutral for mice. On day 2 post infection, RNA-Seq analyses showed no significant differential gene expression lung in lungs of mice housed at the two temperatures, with almost identical viral loads and type I interferon responses. There was also no significant difference in viral loads in lungs on day 5, but RNA-Seq and histology analyses showed clearly elevated inflammatory signatures and infiltrates. Thermoneutrality thus promoted lung inflammation. On day 2 post infection mice housed at 31 °C showed reduced viral loads in nasal turbinates, consistent with increased mucociliary clearance at the warmer ambient temperature. These mice also had reduced virus levels in the brain, and an ensuing amelioration of weight loss and a delay in mortality. Warmer air temperatures may thus reduce infection of the upper respiratory track and the olfactory epithelium, resulting in reduced brain infection. Potential relevance for anosmia and neurological sequelae in COVID-19 patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Dumenil
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Cameron Bishop
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, 4072, Australia.
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17
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Interactions between Humans and Dogs during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Updates and Future Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030524. [PMID: 36766413 PMCID: PMC9913536 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is one of the deadliest epidemics. This pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the role of dogs in spreading the disease in human society is poorly understood. This review sheds light on the limited susceptibility of dogs to COVID-19 infections which is likely attributed to the relatively low levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the respiratory tract and the phylogenetic distance of ACE2 in dogs from the human ACE2 receptor. The low levels of ACE2 affect the binding affinity between spike and ACE2 proteins resulting in it being uncommon for dogs to spread the disease. To demonstrate the role of dogs in spreading COVID-19, we reviewed the epidemiological studies and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs. Additionally, we discussed the use of detection dogs as a rapid and reliable method for effectively discriminating between SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected individuals using different types of samples (secretions, saliva, and sweat). We considered the available information on COVID-19 in the human-dog interfaces involving the possibility of transmission of COVID-19 to dogs by infected individuals and vice versa, the human-dog behavior changes, and the importance of preventive measures because the risk of transmission by domestic dogs remains a concern.
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18
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Dutta D, Ghosh A, Dutta C, Sukla S, Biswas S. Cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 with other pathogens, especially dengue virus: A historical perspective. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28557. [PMID: 36755367 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease caused by a Flavivirus whereas the COVID-19 pandemic was caused by a highly contagious virus, SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the family Coronaviridae. However, COVID-19 severity was observably less in dengue-endemic countries and vice versa especially during the active years of the pandemic (2019-2021). We observed that dengue virus (DENV) antibodies (Abs) could cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen. This resulted in SARS-CoV-2 false positivity by rapid Ab test kits. DENV Abs binding to SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (and the reverse scenario), as revealed by docking studies further validated DENV and SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 Abs were found to cross-neutralize DENV1 and DENV2 in virus neutralization test (VNT). Abs to other pathogens like Plasmodium were also cross-reactive but non-neutralizing for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we analyze the existing data on SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity with other pathogens, especially dengue to assess its impact on health (cross-protection?) and differential sero-diagnosis/surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debrupa Dutta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anisa Ghosh
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chiroshri Dutta
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumi Sukla
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajit Biswas
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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19
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Dixit H, Upadhyay V, Kulharia M, Verma SK. The putative metal-binding proteome of the Coronaviridae family. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2023; 15:6969429. [PMID: 36610727 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteins are well-known for playing various physicochemical processes in all life forms, including viruses. Some life-threatening viruses (such as some members of the Coronaviridae family of viruses) are emerged and remerged frequently and are rapidly transmitted throughout the globe. This study aims to identify and characterize the metal-binding proteins (MBPs) of the Coronaviridae family of viruses and further provides insight into the MBP's role in sustaining and propagating viruses inside a host cell and in the outer environment. In this study, the available proteome of the Coronaviridae family was exploited. Identified potential MBPs were analyzed for their functional domains, structural aspects, and subcellular localization. We also demonstrate phylogenetic aspects of all predicted MBPs among other Coronaviridae family members to understand the evolutionary trend among their respective hosts. A total of 256 proteins from 51 different species of coronaviruses are predicted as MBPs. These MBPs perform various key roles in the replication and survival of viruses within the host cell. Cysteine, aspartic acid, threonine, and glutamine are key amino acid residues interacting with respective metal ions. Our observations also indicate that the metalloproteins of this family of viruses circulated and evolved in different hosts, which supports the zoonotic nature of coronaviruses. The comprehensive information on MBPs of the Coronaviridae family may be further helpful in designing novel therapeutic metalloprotein targets. Moreover, the study of viral MBPs can also help to understand the roles of MBPs in virus pathogenesis and virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himisha Dixit
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra176206, India
| | - Vipin Upadhyay
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra176206, India
| | - Mahesh Kulharia
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra176206, India
| | - Shailender Kumar Verma
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra176206, India.,Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi110007, India
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20
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Li Q, Shah T, Wang B, Qu L, Wang R, Hou Y, Baloch Z, Xia X. Cross-species transmission, evolution and zoonotic potential of coronaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1081370. [PMID: 36683695 PMCID: PMC9853062 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) continuously evolve, crossing species barriers and spreading across host ranges. Over the last two decades, several CoVs (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) have emerged in animals and mammals, causing significant economic and human life losses. Due to CoV cross-species transmission and the evolution of novel viruses, it is critical to identify their natural reservoiurs and the circumstances under which their transmission occurs. In this review, we use genetic and ecological data to disentangle the evolution of various CoVs in wildlife, humans, and domestic mammals. We thoroughly investigate several host species and outline the epidemiology of CoVs toward specific hosts. We also discuss the cross-species transmission of CoVs at the interface of wildlife, animals, and humans. Clarifying the epidemiology and diversity of species reservoirs will significantly impact our ability to respond to the future emergence of CoVs in humans and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,The First Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Linyu Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yutong Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Xueshan Xia,
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21
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Alloferon and Zanamivir Show Effective Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010678. [PMID: 36614125 PMCID: PMC9820929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of vaccines is the most effective and reliable method for the prevention of viral infections. However, research on evaluation of effective therapeutic agents for use in treatment after infection is necessary. Zanamivir was administered through inhalation for treatment of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 in 2009. However, the emergence of drug-resistant strains can occur rapidly. Alloferon, an immunomodulatory drug developed as an NK cell activator, exerts antiviral effects against various viruses, particularly influenza viruses. Therefore, alloferon and zanamivir were administered in combination in an effort to improve the antiviral effect of zanamivir by reducing H1N1 resistance. First, we confirmed that administration of combined treatment would result in effective inhibition of viral proliferation in MDCK and A549 cells infected with H1N1. Production of IL-6 and MIP-1α in these cells and the activity of p38 MAPK and c-Jun that are increased by H1N1 were inhibited by combined treatment. Mice were then infected intranasally with H1N1, and examination of the antiviral efficacy of the alloferon/zanamivir combination was performed. The results showed that combined treatment after infection with H1N1 prevented weight loss, increased the survival rate, and improved lung fibrosis. Combined treatment also resulted in reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the lungs. Combined treatment effectively inhibited the activity of p38 MAPK and c-Jun in lung tissue, which was increased by infection with H1N1. Therefore, the combination of alloferon/zanamivir effectively prevents the development of H1N1-mediated inflammation in the lungs by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and migration of inflammatory cells into lung tissue.
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22
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Basnet S, Marahatha R, Shrestha A, Bhattarai S, Katuwal S, Sharma KR, Marasini BP, Dahal SR, Basnyat RC, Patching SG, Parajuli N. In Vitro and In Silico Studies for the Identification of Potent Metabolites of Some High-Altitude Medicinal Plants from Nepal Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248957. [PMID: 36558090 PMCID: PMC9786757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite ongoing vaccination programs against COVID-19 around the world, cases of infection are still rising with new variants. This infers that an effective antiviral drug against COVID-19 is crucial along with vaccinations to decrease cases. A potential target of such antivirals could be the membrane components of the causative pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, for instance spike (S) protein. In our research, we have deployed in vitro screening of crude extracts of seven ethnomedicinal plants against the spike receptor-binding domain (S1-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following encouraging in vitro results for Tinospora cordifolia, in silico studies were conducted for the 14 reported antiviral secondary metabolites isolated from T. cordifolia-a species widely cultivated and used as an antiviral drug in the Himalayan country of Nepal-using Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking (GOLD), Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), and BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The molecular docking and binding energy study revealed that cordifolioside-A had a higher binding affinity and was the most effective in binding to the competitive site of the spike protein. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies using GROMACS 5.4.1 further assayed the interaction between the potent compound and binding sites of the spike protein. It revealed that cordifolioside-A demonstrated better binding affinity and stability, and resulted in a conformational change in S1-RBD, hence hindering the activities of the protein. In addition, ADMET analysis of the secondary metabolites from T. cordifolia revealed promising pharmacokinetic properties. Our study thus recommends that certain secondary metabolites of T. cordifolia are possible medicinal candidates against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Basnet
- Center for Drug Design and Molecular Simulation Division, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Rishab Marahatha
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Still Water, OK 74078, USA
| | - Asmita Shrestha
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Salyan Bhattarai
- Paraza Pharma, Inc., 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, QC H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Saurav Katuwal
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Khaga Raj Sharma
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | | | - Salik Ram Dahal
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Still Water, OK 74078, USA
- Oakridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ram Chandra Basnyat
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Simon G. Patching
- Independent Researcher, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: (S.G.P.); (N.P.)
| | - Niranjan Parajuli
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
- Correspondence: (S.G.P.); (N.P.)
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23
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Akhtardanesh B, Jajarmi M, Shojaee M, Salajegheh Tazerji S, Khalili Mahani M, Hajipour P, Gharieb R. Molecular screening of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats from households with infected owners diagnosed with COVID-19 during Delta and Omicron variant waves in Iran. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:82-90. [PMID: 36495219 PMCID: PMC9856975 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats in different countries worldwide raises concerns that pets are at a higher risk for spreading or transmitting of SARS-CoV-2 to humans and other pets and increased the research works about the zoonotic aspects and natural routes of infection in companion animals. The current study aimed to detect the SARS-CoV-2 in household dogs and cats living with COVID-19 positive owners. METHODS Deep oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected from 30 household pets (20 cats and 10 dogs) living with COVID-19 positive owners from April 2021 to 2022 in Kerman, Iran. All dogs' and cats' samples were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Two household cats out of 20 examined (10%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, whereas none of the examined dogs were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The two cats positive for SARS-CoV-2 were symptomatic and suffered from severe anorexia with maximum contact with their infected owners. CONCLUSION This study reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in household cats in close contact with COVID-19 positive owners during the circulation of new SARS-CoV-2 variants (Delta and Omicron) in Iran and suggested that the transmission may have occurred from owners to their cats. Therefore, infected owners should eagerly limit close contact with their pets during COVID-19 illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharak Akhtardanesh
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar UniversityKermanIran
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar UniversityKermanIran
| | | | - Sina Salajegheh Tazerji
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran,Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Maziar Khalili Mahani
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar UniversityKermanIran
| | - Pouneh Hajipour
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar UniversityKermanIran
| | - Rasha Gharieb
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig44511Egypt
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24
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Molecular Detection and Characterization of Coronaviruses in Migratory Ducks from Portugal Show the Circulation of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233283. [PMID: 36496804 PMCID: PMC9736399 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are part of the Coronaviridae family, and the genera Gamma (γ) and Delta (δ) are found mostly in birds. Migratory birds have an enormous potential for dispersing pathogenic microorganisms. Ducks (order Anseriformes) can host CoVs from birds, with pathogenic expression and high economic impact. This study aimed to identify and characterize the diversity of CoVs in migratory ducks from Portugal. Duck stool samples were collected using cloacal swabs from 72 individuals (Anas platyrhynchos, Anas acuta, and Anas crecca). Among the 72 samples tested, 24 showed amplicons of the expected size. Twenty-three were characterized as Gammacoronavirus and one as Deltacoronavirus (accession numbers ON368935-ON368954; ON721380-ON721383). The Gammacoronaviruses sequences showed greater similarities to those obtained in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) from Finland and Poland, Anas crecca duck from the USA, and mute swans from Poland. Birds can occupy many habitats and therefore play diverse ecological roles in various ecosystems, especially given their ability to migrate exceptional distances, facilitating the dispersal of microorganisms with animal and/or human impact. There are a considerable number of studies that have detected CoVs in ducks, but none in Portugal. The present study assessed the circulation of CoVs in wild ducks from Portugal, being the first description of CoVs for these animals in Portugal.
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25
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Marchenko V, Danilenko A, Kolosova N, Bragina M, Molchanova M, Bulanovich Y, Gorodov V, Leonov S, Gudymo A, Onkhonova G, Svyatchenko S, Ryzhikov A. Diversity of gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses in wild birds and poultry in Russia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19412. [PMID: 36371465 PMCID: PMC9653423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses of the genera Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus are globally widespread and circulate primarily in wild and domestic birds. Prior studies have established frequently occurring crossover events from avian to mammalian reservoirs. However, there is limited understanding of the diversity and geographical distribution of coronaviruses among birds. In this study, the surveillance of coronaviruses in birds in Russia during 2020 revealed the presence of coronaviruses in 12% of samples from birds. Targeted NGS approach was used for the evaluation of genetic diversity based on RdRp gene. While gammacoronviruses were found in both wild birds and poultry, deltacoronaviruses were found in wild birds only and represent the first detections for Russia. A number of cases with the simultaneous detection of gamma- and deltacoronaviruses in one bird was reported. The results of this study highlight the importance of further research concerning the spread and diversity of coronaviruses among birds within and migrating throughout the territory of Russia across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Marchenko
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Alexey Danilenko
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Natalia Kolosova
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Maria Bragina
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Marina Molchanova
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Yuliya Bulanovich
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Vladimir Gorodov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies, RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies, RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Gudymo
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Galina Onkhonova
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Svetlana Svyatchenko
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - Alexander Ryzhikov
- grid.419755.bState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
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26
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Ganesh PS, Kim SY. A comparison of conventional and advanced electroanalytical methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus: A concise review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135645. [PMID: 35817176 PMCID: PMC9270057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are a serious threat to human wellbeing that can cause pandemic disease. As a result, it is critical to identify virus in a timely, sensitive, and precise manner. The present novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease outbreak has increased these concerns. The research of developing various methods for COVID-19 virus identification is one of the most rapidly growing research areas. This review article compares and addresses recent improvements in conventional and advanced electroanalytical approaches for detecting COVID-19 virus. The popular conventional methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), serology test, and computed tomography (CT) scan with artificial intelligence require specialized equipment, hours of processing, and specially trained staff. Many researchers, on the other hand, focused on the invention and expansion of electrochemical and/or bio sensors to detect SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that they could show a significant role in COVID-19 disease control. We attempted to meticulously summarize recent advancements, compare conventional and electroanalytical approaches, and ultimately discuss future prospective in the field. We hope that this review will be helpful to researchers who are interested in this interdisciplinary field and desire to develop more innovative virus detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattan-Siddappa Ganesh
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KoreaTech), Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Advanced Technology Research Center, Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education (KoreaTech), Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 330-708, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Peng L, Fang Z, Renauer PA, McNamara A, Park JJ, Lin Q, Zhou X, Dong MB, Zhu B, Zhao H, Wilen CB, Chen S. Multiplexed LNP-mRNA vaccination against pathogenic coronavirus species. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111160. [PMID: 35921835 PMCID: PMC9294034 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccines have been developed, multiple pathogenic coronavirus species exist, urging on development of multispecies coronavirus vaccines. Here we develop prototype lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mRNA vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 Delta, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, and we test how multiplexing LNP-mRNAs can induce effective immune responses in animal models. Triplex and duplex LNP-mRNA vaccinations induce antigen-specific antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. Single-cell RNA sequencing profiles the global systemic immune repertoires and respective transcriptome signatures of vaccinated animals, revealing a systemic increase in activated B cells and differential gene expression across major adaptive immune cells. Sequential vaccination shows potent antibody responses against all three species, significantly stronger than simultaneous vaccination in mixture. These data demonstrate the feasibility, antibody responses, and single-cell immune profiles of multispecies coronavirus vaccination. The direct comparison between simultaneous and sequential vaccination offers insights into optimization of vaccination schedules to provide broad and potent antibody immunity against three major pathogenic coronavirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Zhenhao Fang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Paul A Renauer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Andrew McNamara
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jonathan J Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; M.D.-Ph.D. Program, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Matthew B Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; M.D.-Ph.D. Program, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Biqing Zhu
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; M.D.-Ph.D. Program, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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28
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Davoust B, Guérin P, Orain N, Fligny C, Flirden F, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O, Edouard S. Evidence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in wild mustelids from Brittany (France). Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3400-e3407. [PMID: 35841263 PMCID: PMC9350122 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the French region of Brittany, mainly in the department of the Côtes d'Armor, during the first half of 2021, seropositivity for SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in five wild mustelids out of 33 animals tested (15.6%). Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG was detected against at least four out of five recombinant viral proteins (S1 receptor binding domain, nucleocapsid, S1 subunit, S2 subunit and spike) in three pine martens (Martes martes) and in two badgers (Meles meles) using the automated western blot technique. An ELISA test also identified seropositive cases, although these did not align with western blot results. Although the 171 qPCRs carried out on samples from the 33 mustelids were all negative, these preliminary results from this observational study nevertheless bear witness to infections of unknown origin. The epidemiological surveillance of Covid‐19 in wildlife must continue, in particular with effective serology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Camille Fligny
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Flirden
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Edouard
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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29
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Wang X, Ren Z, Wang L, Chen J, Zhang P, Chen JP, Chen X, Li L, Lin X, Qi N, Luo S, Xiang R, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Wang G, Sun MH, Huang Y, Hua Y, Zou J, Hou F, Huang Z, Du S, Xiang H, Sun M, Liu Q, Liao M. Identification of Coronaviruses in Farmed Wild Animals Reveals their Evolutionary Origins in Guangdong, Southern China. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac049. [PMID: 35795295 PMCID: PMC9252129 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infections cause diseases that range from mild to severe in mammals and birds. In this study, we detected coronavirus infections in 748 farmed wild animals of 23 species in Guangdong, southern China, by RT-PCR and metagenomic analysis. We identified four coronaviruses in these wild animals and analysed their evolutionary origins. Coronaviruses detected in Rhizomys sinensis were genetically grouped into canine and rodent coronaviruses, which were likely recombinants of canine and rodent coronaviruses. The coronavirus found in Phasianus colchicus was a recombinant pheasant coronavirus of turkey coronavirus and infectious bronchitis virus. The coronavirus in Paguma larvata had a high nucleotide identity (94.6–98.5 per cent) with a coronavirus of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates). These findings suggested that the wildlife coronaviruses may have experienced homologous recombination and/or crossed the species barrier, likely resulting in the emergence of new coronaviruses. It is necessary to reduce human–animal interactions by prohibiting the eating and raising of wild animals, which may contribute to preventing the emergence of the next coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhaowen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Jin-Ping Chen
- Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Linmiao Li
- Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ziguo Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Wildlife Rescue Center , Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Jiejian Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Wildlife Rescue Center , Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Fanghui Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Wildlife Rescue Center , Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shouwen Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital) of Jinan University , Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University , Foshan 528225, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510600, China
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Thakor JC, Dinesh M, Manikandan R, Bindu S, Sahoo M, Sahoo D, Dhawan M, Pandey MK, Tiwari R, Emran TB, Dhama K, Chaicumpa W. Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns. Vet Q 2022; 42:125-147. [PMID: 35584308 PMCID: PMC9225692 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2079756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) are one of the most devastating pathogens affecting the livelihoods of farmers and swine industry across the world. These include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of animal species and humans because these are having single stranded-RNA that accounts for high mutation rates and thus could break the species barrier. The gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems are the primary organ systems affected by SCoVs. Infection is very common in piglets compared to adult swine causing high mortality in the former. Bat is implicated to be the origin of all CoVs affecting animals and humans. Since pig is the only domestic animal in which CoVs cause a wide range of diseases; new coronaviruses with high zoonotic potential could likely emerge in the future as observed in the past. The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19 pandemic in humans, has been implicated to have animal origin, also reported from few animal species, though its zoonotic concerns are still under investigation. This review discusses SCoVs and their epidemiology, virology, evolution, pathology, wildlife reservoirs, interspecies transmission, spill-over events and highlighting their emerging threats to swine population. The role of pigs amid ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will also be discussed. A thorough investigation should be conducted to rule out zoonotic potential of SCoVs and to design appropriate strategies for their prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigarji C Thakor
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Rajendran Manikandan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Diptimayee Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, India.,The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester-WA14 5PQ, United Kingdom
| | - Megha Katare Pandey
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal-462043, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura-281001, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-10700, Thailand
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31
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Probing the Immune System Dynamics of the COVID-19 Disease for Vaccine Designing and Drug Repurposing Using Bioinformatics Tools. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is complicated by immune dysfunction. The impact of immune-based therapy in COVID-19 patients has been well documented, with some notable studies on the use of anti-cytokine medicines. However, the complexity of disease phenotypes, patient heterogeneity and the varying quality of evidence from immunotherapy studies provide problems in clinical decision-making. This review seeks to aid therapeutic decision-making by giving an overview of the immunological responses against COVID-19 disease that may contribute to the severity of the disease. We have extensively discussed theranostic methods for COVID-19 detection. With advancements in technology, bioinformatics has taken studies to a higher level. The paper also discusses the application of bioinformatics and machine learning tools for the diagnosis, vaccine design and drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2.
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32
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Ramón AC, Pérez GV, Caballero E, Rosales M, Aguilar D, Vázquez-Blomquist D, Ramos Y, Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Falcón V, Rodríguez-Moltó MP, Yang K, Perera Y, Perea SE. Targeting of Protein Kinase CK2 Elicits Antiviral Activity on Bovine Coronavirus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:552. [PMID: 35336959 PMCID: PMC8949182 DOI: 10.3390/v14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses constitute a global threat to the human population; therefore, effective pan-coronavirus antiviral drugs are required to tackle future re-emerging virus outbreaks. Protein kinase CK2 has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target in COVID-19 owing to the in vitro antiviral activity observed after both pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of the enzyme. Here, we explored the putative antiviral effect of the anti-CK2 peptide CIGB-325 on bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection using different in vitro viral infected cell-based assays. The impact of the peptide on viral mRNA and protein levels was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Finally, pull-down experiments followed by Western blot and/or mass spectrometry analysis were performed to identify CIGB-325-interacting proteins. We found that CIGB-325 inhibited both the cytopathic effect and the number of plaque-forming units. Accordingly, intracellular viral protein levels were clearly reduced after treatment of BCoV-infected cells, with CIGB-325 determined by immunocytochemistry. Pull-down assay data revealed the physical interaction of CIGB-325 with viral nucleocapsid (N) protein and a group of bona fide CK2 cellular substrates. Our findings evidence in vitro antiviral activity of CIGB-325 against bovine coronavirus as well as some molecular clues that might support such effect. Altogether, data provided here strengthen the rationale of inhibiting CK2 to treat betacoronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn C. Ramón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
| | - George V. Pérez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
| | - Evelin Caballero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
| | - Mauro Rosales
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Daylén Aguilar
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
| | - Dania Vázquez-Blomquist
- Pharmacogenomic Group, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.R.); (A.R.-U.)
| | - Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Proteomics Group, Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.R.); (A.R.-U.)
| | - Viviana Falcón
- Microscopy Laboratory, Department of System Biology, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez-Moltó
- Department of Agricultural Research, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Ke Yang
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (G.V.P.); (E.C.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
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Strategies for fighting pandemic virus infections: Integration of virology and drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 343:361-378. [PMID: 35122872 PMCID: PMC8810279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have sometimes resulted in worldwide pandemics, with the influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) being major participants. Long-term efforts have made it possible to control the influenza virus, but seasonal influenza continues to take many lives each year, and a pandemic influenza virus sometimes emerges. Although vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been developed, we are not yet able to coexist with the SARS-CoV-2. To overcome such viruses, it is necessary to obtain knowledge about international surveillance systems, virology, ecology and to determine that immune responses are effective. The information must then be transferred to drugs. Delivery systems would be expected to contribute to the rational development of drugs. In this review, virologist and drug delivery system (DDS) researchers discuss drug delivery strategies, especially the use of lipid-based nanocarriers, for fighting to respiratory virus infections.
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Da Costa CBP, Cruz ACDM, Penha JCQ, Castro HC, Da Cunha LER, Ratcliffe NA, Cisne R, Martins FJ. Using in vivo animal models for studying SARS-CoV-2. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:121-137. [PMID: 34727803 PMCID: PMC8567288 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.1995352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for an animal model capable of reproducing the physiopathology of the COVID-19, and also suitable for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new drugs has become a challenge for many researchers. AREAS COVERED This work reviews the current animal models for in vivo tests with SARS-CoV-2 as well as the challenges involved in the safety and efficacy trials. EXPERT OPINION Studies have reported the use of nonhuman primates, ferrets, mice, Syrian hamsters, lagomorphs, mink, and zebrafish in experiments that aimed to understand the course of COVID-19 or test vaccines and other drugs. In contrast, the assays with animal hyperimmune sera have only been used in in vitro assays. Finding an animal that faithfully reproduces all the characteristics of the disease in humans is difficult. Some models may be more complex to work with, such as monkeys, or require genetic manipulation so that they can express the human ACE2 receptor, as in the case of mice. Although some models are more promising, possibly the use of more than one animal model represents the best scenario. Therefore, further studies are needed to establish an ideal animal model to help in the development of other treatment strategies besides vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B. P. Da Costa
- Technological Development and Innovation Laboratory of the Industrial Board, Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Cesar Q Penha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis E. R. Da Cunha
- Technological Development and Innovation Laboratory of the Industrial Board, Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Norman A Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biociences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rafael Cisne
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jha P, Singh P, Arora S, Sultan A, Nayek A, Ponnusamy K, Syed MA, Dohare R, Chopra M. Integrative multiomics and in silico analysis revealed the role of ARHGEF1 and its screened antagonist in mild and severe COVID-19 patients. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:673-690. [PMID: 35037717 PMCID: PMC9015317 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
COVID‐19 is a sneaking deadly disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The rapid increase in the number of infected patients worldwide enhances the exigency for medicines. However, precise therapeutic drugs are not available for COVID‐19; thus, exhaustive research is critically required to unscramble the pathogenic tools and probable therapeutic targets for the development of effective therapy. This study utilizes a chemogenomics strategy, including computational tools for the identification of viral‐associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and molecular docking of potential chemical compounds available in antiviral, anticancer, and natural product‐based libraries against these DEGs. We scrutinized the messenger RNA expression profile of SARS‐CoV‐2 patients, publicly available on the National Center for Biotechnology Information–Gene Expression Omnibus database, stratified them into different groups based on the severity of infection, superseded by identification of overlapping mild and severe infectious (MSI)‐DEGs. The profoundly expressed MSI‐DEGs were then subjected to trait‐linked weighted co‐expression network construction and hub module detection. The hub module MSI‐DEGs were then exposed to enrichment (gene ontology + pathway) and protein–protein interaction network analyses where Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1) gene conjectured in all groups and could be a probable target of therapy. Finally, we used the molecular docking and molecular dynamics method to identify inherent hits against the ARHGEF1 gene from antiviral, anticancer, and natural product‐based libraries. Although the study has an identified significant association of the ARHGEF1 gene in COVID19; and probable compounds targeting it, using in silico methods, these targets need to be validated by both in vitro and in vivo methods to effectively determine their therapeutic efficacy against the devastating virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Jha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Prithvi Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Lab, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Armiya Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Nayek
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy
- Synthetic Biology Lab, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Lab, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Abbas G, Zhang Y, Sun X, Chen H, Ren Y, Wang X, Ahmad MZ, Huang X, Li G. Molecular Characterization of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain HH06 Isolated in a Poultry Farm in Northeastern China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:794228. [PMID: 34977225 PMCID: PMC8716591 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.794228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spike (S) glycoprotein is an important virulent factor for coronaviruses (CoVs), and variants of CoVs have been characterized based on S gene analysis. We present phylogenetic relationship of an isolated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain with reference to the available genome and protein sequences based on network, multiple sequence, selection pressure, and evolutionary fingerprinting analysis in People's Republic of China. One hundred and elven strains of CoVs i.e., Alphacoronaviruses (Alpha-CoVs; n = 12), Betacoronaviruses (Beta-CoVs; n = 37), Gammacoronaviruses (Gamma-CoVs; n = 46), and Deltacoronaviruses (Delta-CoVs; n = 16) were selected for this purpose. Phylogenetically, SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoVs clustered together with Bat-CoVs and MERS-CoV of Beta-CoVs (C). The IBV HH06 of Avian-CoVs was closely related to Duck-CoV and partridge S14, LDT3 (teal and chicken host). Beluga whale-CoV (SW1) and Bottlenose dolphin-CoVs of mammalian origin branched distantly from other animal origin viruses, however, making group with Avian-CoVs altogether into Gamma-CoVs. The motif analysis indicated well-conserved domains on S protein, which were similar within the same phylogenetic class and but variable at different domains of different origins. Recombination network tree indicated SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Bat-CoVs, although branched differently, shared common clades. The MERS-CoVs of camel and human origin spread branched into a different clade, however, was closely associated closely with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Bat-CoVs. Whereas, HCoV-OC43 has human origin and branched together with bovine CoVs with but significant distant from other CoVs like SARS CoV-2 and SARS-CoV of human origin. These findings explain that CoVs' constant genetic recombination and evolutionary process that might maintain them as a potential veterinary and human epidemic threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Yudong Ren
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Electrical and Information Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Murugan C, Ramamoorthy S, Kuppuswamy G, Murugan RK, Sivalingam Y, Sundaramurthy A. COVID-19: A review of newly formed viral clades, pathophysiology, therapeutic strategies and current vaccination tasks. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1165-1200. [PMID: 34710479 PMCID: PMC8545698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, the world population is facing an existential threat by an invisible enemy known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) or COVID-19. It is highly contagious and has infected a larger fraction of human population across the globe on various routes of transmission. The detailed knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 structure and clinical aspects offers an important insight into the evolution of infection, disease progression and helps in executing the different therapies effectively. Herein, we have discussed in detail about the genome structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its role in the proteomic rational spread of different muted species and pathogenesis in infecting the host cells. The mechanisms behind the viral outbreak and its immune response, the availability of existing diagnostics techniques, the treatment efficacy of repurposed drugs and the emerging vaccine trials for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak also have been highlighted. Furthermore, the possible antiviral effects of various herbal products and their extracted molecules in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication and cellular entry are also reported. Finally, we conclude our opinion on current challenges involved in the drug development, bulk production of drug/vaccines and their storage requirements, logistical procedures and limitations related to dosage trials for larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Murugan
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharmiladevi Ramamoorthy
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Guruprasad Kuppuswamy
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Murugan
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yuvaraj Sivalingam
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Warimwe GM, Francis MJ, Bowden TA, Thumbi SM, Charleston B. Using cross-species vaccination approaches to counter emerging infectious diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:815-822. [PMID: 34140665 PMCID: PMC8211312 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial use of vaccination in the eighteenth century, our understanding of human and animal immunology has greatly advanced and a wide range of vaccine technologies and delivery systems have been developed. The COVID-19 pandemic response leveraged these innovations to enable rapid development of candidate vaccines within weeks of the viral genetic sequence being made available. The development of vaccines to tackle emerging infectious diseases is a priority for the World Health Organization and other global entities. More than 70% of emerging infectious diseases are acquired from animals, with some causing illness and death in both humans and the respective animal host. Yet the study of critical host-pathogen interactions and the underlying immune mechanisms to inform the development of vaccines for their control is traditionally done in medical and veterinary immunology 'silos'. In this Perspective, we highlight a 'One Health vaccinology' approach and discuss some key areas of synergy in human and veterinary vaccinology that could be exploited to accelerate the development of effective vaccines against these shared health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Warimwe
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK.
| | | | - Thomas A Bowden
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel M Thumbi
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Akter R, Rahman MH, Bhattacharya T, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Parashar J, Kumar K, Kabir MT, Tagde P. Novel coronavirus pathogen in humans and animals: an overview on its social impact, economic impact, and potential treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68071-68089. [PMID: 34664166 PMCID: PMC8523003 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In the light of thousands of infections and deaths, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a worldwide pandemic. It has spread to about 22 million people worldwide, with a total of 0.45 million expiries, limiting the movement of most people worldwide in the last 6 months. However, COVID-19 became the foremost health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. Measures intended to curb the pandemic of COVID-19 included travel bans, lockdowns, and social distances through shelter orders, which will further stop human activities suddenly and eventually impact the world and the national economy. The viral disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). After SARS-CoV-2 virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related CoV, COVID-19 is the third most significant lethal disease to humans. According to WHO, COVID-19 mortality exceeded that of SARS and MERS since COVID-19 was declared an international public health emergency. Genetic sequencing has recently established that COVID-19 is close to SARS-CoV and bat coronavirus which has not yet been recognized as the key cause of this pandemic outbreak, its transmission, and human pathogen mechanism. This review focuses on a brief introduction of novel coronavirus pathogens, including coronavirus in humans and animals, its taxonomic classification, symptoms, pathogenicity, social impact, economic impact, and potential treatment therapy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430062
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jatin Parashar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Md Tanvir Kabir
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Priti Tagde
- Bhabha Pharmacy Research Institute, Bhabha University, Bhopal, M.P, India
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Bhuiyan MSA, Amin Z, Rodrigues KF, Saallah S, Shaarani SM, Sarker S, Siddiquee S. Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Poultry Farming: Vaccination, Immune Response and Measures for Mitigation. Vet Sci 2021; 8:273. [PMID: 34822646 PMCID: PMC8623603 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses significant financial and biosecurity challenges to the commercial poultry farming industry. IBV is the causative agent of multi-systemic infection in the respiratory, reproductive and renal systems, which is similar to the symptoms of various viral and bacterial diseases reported in chickens. The avian immune system manifests the ability to respond to subsequent exposure with an antigen by stimulating mucosal, humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, the immune response against IBV presents a dilemma due to the similarities between the different serotypes that infect poultry. Currently, the live attenuated and killed vaccines are applied for the control of IBV infection; however, the continual emergence of IB variants with rapidly evolving genetic variants increases the risk of outbreaks in intensive poultry farms. This review aims to focus on IBV challenge-infection, route and delivery of vaccines and vaccine-induced immune responses to IBV. Various commercial vaccines currently have been developed against IBV protection for accurate evaluation depending on the local situation. This review also highlights and updates the limitations in controlling IBV infection in poultry with issues pertaining to antiviral therapy and good biosecurity practices, which may aid in establishing good biorisk management protocols for its control and which will, in turn, result in a reduction in economic losses attributed to IBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Safiul Alam Bhuiyan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (M.S.A.B.); (Z.A.); (K.F.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Zarina Amin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (M.S.A.B.); (Z.A.); (K.F.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Kenneth Francis Rodrigues
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (M.S.A.B.); (Z.A.); (K.F.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Suryani Saallah
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (M.S.A.B.); (Z.A.); (K.F.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Sharifudin Md. Shaarani
- Food Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Shafiquzzaman Siddiquee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (M.S.A.B.); (Z.A.); (K.F.R.); (S.S.)
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41
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Rao LN, Shetty A, Latha Senthilkumar P, Shetty KS, Shetty B, Natarajan S, Rao PK, Baliga MS. Knowledge, attitude and practice of dental students and practitioners during the early days of COVID-19 pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14858. [PMID: 34516700 PMCID: PMC8646921 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a major health problem and has affected innumerable people around the world. The current online-based study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of dental students and professionals during the early days of lockdown in India from 2 April to 1 May 2020. METHODOLOGY An online-based cross-sectional study was undertaken through WhatsApp messenger and e-mail groups among dental students and professionals. The KAP on COVID-19 was ascertained using an investigator designed and validated questionnaire. The results were stratified based on student vs professionals. The data were expressed as frequency and percentage analysed using the chi-square/Fishers exact test using IBM version 17. A probability value of <.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 287 complete responses from the dental students and professionals were received. The results indicated that the knowledge of both dental students and professionals were good and that the attitude and practice were in accordance with good clinical practice. No significant differences were found within the domains of KAP scores among the dental students and practitioners indicating that the study participants were abreast with the recent advances. CONCLUSION The results of this study conducted during the early stage of the lockdown indicated that the dental students and professionals who had filled the questionnaire had very good knowledge of coronavirus and COVID-19. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results of the study indicate that the volunteers had good knowledge, attitude and self-care practice, which are necessary in preventing the spread of COVID-19. It is anticipated that detailed hands-on training in practical aspects of good clinical practice with protective gears will help students and professionals perform the necessary dental procedures in accordance with the guidelines set by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Nidhi Rao
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University)MangaloreIndia
| | - Aditya Shetty
- AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University)MangaloreIndia
| | | | | | - Bhavya Shetty
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of Dental SciencesRamaiah University of Applied SciencesBangaloreIndia
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and MicrobiologyManipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationMangaloreIndia
| | - Prasanna Kumar Rao
- Department of Oral Medicine and RadiologyAJ Institute of Dental SciencesMangaloreIndia
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Medkour H, Catheland S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Laidoudi Y, Sereme Y, Pingret JL, Million M, Houhamdi L, Levasseur A, Cabassu J, Davoust B. First evidence of human-to-dog transmission of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.160 variant in France. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e823-e830. [PMID: 34706153 PMCID: PMC8662256 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the start of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several episodes of human-to-animal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission have been described in different countries. The role of pets, especially domestic dogs, in the COVID-19 epidemiology is highly questionable and needs further investigation. In this study, we report a case of COVID-19 in a French dog living in close contact with its owners who were COVID-19 patients. The dog presented rhinitis and was sampled 1 week after its owners (a man and a woman) were tested positive for COVID-19. The nasal swabs for the dog tested remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) 1 month following the first diagnosis. Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detectable 12 days after the first diagnosis and persisted for at least 5 months as tested using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and automated western blotting. The whole-genome sequences from the dog and its owners were 99%-100% identical (with the man and the woman's sequences, respectively) and matched the B.1.160 variant of concern (Marseille-4 variant), the most widespread in France at the time the dog was infected. This study documents the first detection of B.1.160 in pets (a dog) in France, and the first canine genome recovery of the B.1.160 variant of global concern. Moreover, given the enhanced infectivity and transmissibility of the Marseille-4 variant for humans, this case also highlights the risk that pets may potentially play a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and may transmit the infection to humans. We have evidence of human-to-dog transmission of the Marseille-4 variant since the owners were first to be infected. Finally, owners and veterinarians must be vigilent for canine COVID-19 when dogs are presented with respiratory clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Younes Laidoudi
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Youssouf Sereme
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Matthieu Million
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Linda Houhamdi
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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High Intensity Violet Light (405 nm) Inactivates Coronaviruses in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and on Surfaces. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been proven that visible light with a wavelength of about 405 nm exhibits an antimicrobial effect on bacteria and fungi if the irradiation doses are high enough. Hence, the question arises as to whether this violet light would also be suitable to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. Therefore, a high-intensity light source was developed and applied to irradiate bovine coronaviruses (BCoV), which are employed as SARS-CoV-2 surrogates for safety reasons. Irradiation is performed in virus solutions diluted with phosphate buffered saline and on steel surfaces. Significant virus reduction by several log levels was observed both in the liquid and on the surface within half an hour with average log reduction doses of 57.5 and 96 J/cm2, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that 405 nm irradiation has an antiviral effect on coronaviruses, but special attention should be paid to the presence of photosensitizers in the virus environment in future experiments. Technically, visible violet radiation is therefore suitable for coronavirus reduction, but the required radiation doses are difficult to achieve rapidly.
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Islam A, Ferdous J, Islam S, Sayeed MA, Dutta Choudhury S, Saha O, Hassan MM, Shirin T. Evolutionary Dynamics and Epidemiology of Endemic and Emerging Coronaviruses in Humans, Domestic Animals, and Wildlife. Viruses 2021; 13:1908. [PMID: 34696338 PMCID: PMC8537103 DOI: 10.3390/v13101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse coronavirus (CoV) strains can infect both humans and animals and produce various diseases. CoVs have caused three epidemics and pandemics in the last two decades, and caused a severe impact on public health and the global economy. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the emergence and evolution of endemic and emerging CoV diversity in humans and animals. For diverse bird species, the Infectious Bronchitis Virus is a significant one, whereas feline enteric and canine coronavirus, recombined to produce feline infectious peritonitis virus, infects wild cats. Bovine and canine CoVs have ancestral relationships, while porcine CoVs, especially SADS-CoV, can cross species barriers. Bats are considered as the natural host of diverse strains of alpha and beta coronaviruses. Though MERS-CoV is significant for both camels and humans, humans are nonetheless affected more severely. MERS-CoV cases have been reported mainly in the Arabic peninsula since 2012. To date, seven CoV strains have infected humans, all descended from animals. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) are presumed to be originated in Rhinolopoid bats that severely infect humans with spillover to multiple domestic and wild animals. Emerging alpha and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in pets and wild animals. Still, the intermediate hosts and all susceptible animal species remain unknown. SARS-CoV-2 might not be the last CoV to cross the species barrier. Hence, we recommend developing a universal CoV vaccine for humans so that any future outbreak can be prevented effectively. Furthermore, a One Health approach coronavirus surveillance should be implemented at human-animal interfaces to detect novel coronaviruses before emerging to humans and to prevent future epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001-2320, USA; (J.F.); (S.I.); (M.A.S.); (S.D.C.)
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001-2320, USA; (J.F.); (S.I.); (M.A.S.); (S.D.C.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Shariful Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001-2320, USA; (J.F.); (S.I.); (M.A.S.); (S.D.C.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Abu Sayeed
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001-2320, USA; (J.F.); (S.I.); (M.A.S.); (S.D.C.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Shusmita Dutta Choudhury
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001-2320, USA; (J.F.); (S.I.); (M.A.S.); (S.D.C.)
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Otun Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh;
| | - Tahmina Shirin
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
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Guzmán-Martínez O, Guardado K, Varela-Cardoso M, Trujillo-Rivera A, Gómez-Ñañez I, Ortiz-León MC, Espinosa R, Ramos C, Pérez-Carreón JI, López-Guerrero DV, Sampieri CL, Alanís-García AB, Rojas-Durán F, Zenteno-Cuevas R, Gutiérrez M, Montero H. Potential Protection of Pre-Existent Antibodies to Human Coronavirus 229E on COVID-19 Severity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179058. [PMID: 34501647 PMCID: PMC8430483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The causes of the broad spectrum of severity in COVID-19 are unknown. A protective effect through humoral immunity from previous infections by viruses of the SARS-CoV-2 family could explain a mild form of this disease. This study aimed to address whether the presence of antibodies against human seasonal coronaviruses (HCoVs) could prevent severe manifestations of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 165 participants. The presence of pre-existent antibodies against the seasonal HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63 were detected. From all of the seasonal HCoVs studied, it was only found that being seropositive to HCoV-229E presented an association (p = 0.012) with developing mild clinical symptoms of COVID-19 or being asymptomatic. Multinomial regression analysis showed that being seropositive to HCoV-229E is associated with mild or moderate clinical symptoms for COVID-19. Statistical analysis also showed that being female is associated with being asymptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 infection or developing mild COVID-19. A subgroup analysis taking only seropositive to HCoV-229E revealed that females are more likely to develop asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 27.242, 95% CI 2.092–354.706, p = 0.012). Our results suggest that previous infections by HCoV-229E could prevent more serious clinical manifestations of COVID-19, but these are not the only variables that influence this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Guzmán-Martínez
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | - Kathia Guardado
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | | | | | - Iván Gómez-Ñañez
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
| | - María Cristina Ortiz-León
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
| | - Rafaela Espinosa
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (R.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Celso Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Clara Luz Sampieri
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
| | | | - Fausto Rojas-Durán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Zenteno-Cuevas
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
| | - Michelle Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (R.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Hilda Montero
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico; (O.G.-M.); (K.G.); (I.G.-Ñ.); (M.C.O.-L.); (C.L.S.); (R.Z.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. COVID-19: a new emerging respiratory disease from the neurological perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40445-40459. [PMID: 33590398 PMCID: PMC7884096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a challenging public health catastrophe worldwide. The newly emerged disease spread in almost all countries and infected 100 million persons worldwide. The infection is not limited to the respiratory system but involves various body systems and may lead to multiple organ failure. Tissue degenerative changes result from direct viral invasion, indirect consequences, or through an uncontrolled immune response. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads to the brain via hematogenous and neural routes accompanied with dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. The involvement of the central nervous system is now suspected to be among the main causes of death. The present review discusses the historical background of coronaviruses, their role in previous and ongoing pandemics, the way they escape the immune system, why they are able to spread despite all undertaken measures, in addition to the neurological manifestations, long-term consequences of the disease, and various routes of viral introduction to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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New Procedures of a Fractional Order Model of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak via Wavelets Method. AXIOMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/axioms10020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a group of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses with the capacity for rapid mutation and recombination. Coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory or intestinal infections in humans and animals. In this paper, a biologically compatible set of nonlinear fractional differential equations governing the outbreak of the novel coronavirus is suggested based on a model previously proposed in the literature. Then, this set is numerically solved utilizing two new methods employing sine–cosine and Bernoulli wavelets and their operational matrices. Moreover, the convergence of the solution is experimentally studied. Furthermore, the accuracy of the solution is proved via comparing the results with those obtained in previous research for the primary model. Furthermore, the computational costs are compared by measuring the CPU running time. Finally, the effects of the fractional orders on the outbreak of the COVID-19 are investigated.
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48
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Subedi S, Koirala S, Chai L. COVID-19 in Farm Animals: Host Susceptibility and Prevention Strategies. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:640. [PMID: 33670889 PMCID: PMC7997237 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 that belongings to the family of Coronaviridae, which has affected multiple species and demonstrated zoonotic potential. The COVID-19 infections have been reported on farm animals (e.g., minks) and pets, which were discussed and summarized in this study. Although the damage of COVID-19 has not been reported as serious as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) for poultry and African Swine Fever (ASF) for pigs on commercial farms so far, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among group animals/farms and its long-term impacts are still not clear. Prior to the marketing of efficient vaccines for livestock and animals, on-farm biosecurity measures (e.g., conventional disinfection strategies and innovated technologies) need to be considered or innovated in preventing the direct contact spread or the airborne transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Subedi
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture & Forestry University, Chitwan 44200, Nepal; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Sulove Koirala
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture & Forestry University, Chitwan 44200, Nepal; (S.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Lilong Chai
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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