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Casaro S, Pérez-Báez J, Bisinotto RS, Chebel RC, Prim JG, Gonzalez TD, Carvalho Gomes G, Tao S, Toledo IM, do Amaral BC, Bollati JM, Zenobi MG, Martinez N, Dahl GE, Santos JEP, Galvão KN. Association between prepartum body condition score and prepartum and postpartum dry matter intake and energy balance in multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4381-4393. [PMID: 38278298 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this retrospective observational study were to investigate the association between BCS at 21 d before calving with prepartum and postpartum DMI, energy balance (EB), and milk yield. Data from 427 multigravid cows from 11 different experiments conducted at the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL) were used. Cows were classified according to their BCS at 21 d before calving as fat (BCS ≥ 4.00; n = 83), moderate (BCS = 3.25-3.75; n = 287), and thin (BCS ≤ 3.00; n = 57). Daily DMI from -21 to -1 and from +1 to +28 DIM was individually recorded. Energy balance was calculated as the difference between net energy for lactation consumed and required. Dry matter intake in fat cows was lower than that in moderate and thin cows both prepartum (fat = 9.97 ± 0.21, moderate = 11.15 ± 0.14, and thin = 11.92 ± 0.22 kg/d) and postpartum (fat = 14.35 ± 0.49, moderate = 15.47 ± 0.38, and thin = 16.09 ± 0.47 kg/d). Dry matter intake was also lower for moderate cows compared with thin cows prepartum, but not postpartum. Energy balance in fat cows was lower than in moderate and thin cows both prepartum (fat = -4.16 ± 0.61, moderate = -1.20 ± 0.56, and thin = 0.88 ± 0.62 Mcal/d) and postpartum (fat = -12.77 ± 0.50, moderate = -10.13 ± 0.29, and thin = -6.14 ± 0.51 Mcal/d). Energy balance was also lower for moderate cows compared with thin cows both prepartum and postpartum. There was a quadratic association between BCS at 21 d before calving and milk yield. Increasing BCS from 2.5 to 3.5 was associated with an increase in daily milk yield of 6.0 kg and 28 d cumulative milk of 147 kg. Increasing BCS from 3.5 to 4.5 was associated with a decrease in daily milk yield of 4.4 kg and 28 d cumulative milk of 116 kg. In summary, a moderate BCS at 21 d before calving was associated with intermediate DMI and EB pre- and postpartum but greater milk yield compared with thinner and fatter cows. Our findings indicate that a moderate BCS is ideal for ensuring a successful lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J Pérez-Báez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 10904
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J G Prim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - T D Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - G Carvalho Gomes
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - S Tao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - I M Toledo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - B C do Amaral
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J M Bollati
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - M G Zenobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - N Martinez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - G E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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Owczarzak EJ, Abuelo A. Effect of F-isoprostane class on cow peripheral blood neutrophil microbicidal function in vitro. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105180. [PMID: 38641186 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Isoprostanes (isoP) are formed during conditions of oxidative stress (OS) through the oxidation of cell membrane fatty acids. Different classes of isoP are formed depending on the fatty acid being oxidized but the biological activity of these molecules in innate immune cells is poorly understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare in vitro the effects of F2- and F3-isoP on neutrophil microbicidal functions. We isolated neutrophils from 6 dairy cows and incubated them for 8 h at various concentrations of F2- and F3-isoP. Then, microbicidal function was assessed in terms of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase activity, and extracellular trap formation. In vitro supplementation with F3-isoP enhanced microbicidal capabilities whereas supplementation with F2-isoP decreased or did not impact these microbe killing functions. Hence, favoring the production of F3- over F2-isoprostanes may be a strategy to augment neutrophils' functional capacity during OS conditions. This should be tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Owczarzak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Carlson H, Abuelo A. Graduate Student Literature Review: Role of antioxidants in calf immunity, growth, and health. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4844-4854. [PMID: 38670342 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The neonatal period for dairy calves is crucial for immune, metabolic, and physical development, which opens a window of disease susceptibility. Although the industry has relied on tools such as colostrum and vaccination to support early life immunity, there are several challenges when vaccinating neonatal calves: (1) the inability to mount an effective immune response, (2) interference with maternal antibodies, and (3) oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress is characterized as the imbalance of pro-oxidants to antioxidants that results in cellular oxidative damage or dysfunction. Oxidative stress has become a topic of interest in the neonatal period because it negatively affects lymphocyte function, which might affect vaccine response. Widely studied in mature cattle, antioxidant supplementation has the potential to improve reduction-oxidation balance and immune response. Evidence supporting the use of antioxidants such as vitamins and minerals in neonatal calves is far scarcer but necessary to optimize immunity and disease resistance. This review summarizes research on the effect of antioxidant supplementation on calf immunity, health, and productivity and highlights remaining gaps in knowledge. Overall, micronutrient supplementation, including vitamins and minerals, in preweaning and postweaning calves improved immune responses but there is conflicting evidence supporting the subsequent positive effect on calf health and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Carlson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Carlson H, Cullens-Nobis FM, Owczarzak EJ, Abuelo A. Effect of parenteral micronutrient supplementation at birth on immunity, growth, and health in preweaning dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4926-4941. [PMID: 38331183 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This randomized clinical trial aimed to determine the extent to which injectable micronutrient supplementation at birth can improve intranasal vaccine response by ameliorating oxidative stress in dairy calves from birth to weaning. For this, 120 Holstein heifer calves were enrolled at birth and randomly allocated into one of 4 groups. The 4 groups included 3 commercially available micronutrient supplements (selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese; selenium and vitamin E; and vitamins E, A, and D) and one control (saline). Calves received an intranasal vaccine against the respiratory viruses parainfluenza 3, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) within the first week of life. Body weight and hip height (HH) were recorded, and a blood sample and nasal secretion sample were collected at birth before treatment and vaccine administration, as well as weekly until weaning at 8 wk. Health scores, including thoracic ultrasound assessment, were recorded weekly from wk 1 to wk 8. Farm treatment records were collected after the completion of the study. Serum micronutrient concentrations were determined from birth to weaning to identify micronutrient status, and serum blood metabolites were analyzed as markers of nutrient utilization. Redox balance was determined in serum as a ratio of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to antioxidant capacity, known as the oxidant status index (OSi). Intranasal vaccine response was quantified as anti-BRSV and anti-BHV-1 IgA concentrations in nasal secretions. Linear mixed models with repeated measures were built for micronutrient concentrations, blood metabolites, redox balance, IgA concentrations, BW, and HH. Pre-planned contrasts of the control and supplemented groups were also built for the primary outcome of IgA concentrations. A logistic regression mixed model was built for health events and treatment of disease. Serum selenium concentrations were greater in calves receiving supplements containing Se throughout the first 4 wk of life. However, we did not observe any consistent differences in the other micronutrients. The metabolic biomarkers indicate that supplemented calves had better energy status, as suggested by lower BHB and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations. Supplemented calves showed improved redox balance, as indicated by lower OSi throughout the first week of life. Calves supplemented with antioxidants at birth had higher anti-BRSV IgA than control calves. Our results indicate an improved immune response to vaccines in calves supplemented with antioxidants at birth. However, this did not translate to growth and health performance, as we did not find any differences in average daily gain or incidence of health events throughout the preweaning period. This study provides evidence that improving the antioxidant capacity might improve vaccine response, and further research is required to investigate the appropriate frequency and dose of supplementation to improve calf growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Carlson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Faith M Cullens-Nobis
- Agriculture and Agribusiness Institute, MSU Extension, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Eric J Owczarzak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; Agriculture and Agribusiness Institute, MSU Extension, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
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Upadhyay VR, Ashutosh, Shashank CG, Singh NP. Deciphering the immune responses in late gestation Sahiwal cows under different microclimate and its carryover effect on progenies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02716-3. [PMID: 38861181 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The current investigation aimed to comprehend the inflammatory and related immune responses in intrauterine calves subjected to heat stress (HS) during late gestation. For this purpose, 48 Sahiwal cows in late gestation were chosen and categorized into four equal groups: naturally heat stressed (NHS), cooling-treated (CLT), spring, and winter, and likewise their neonate calves born in summer (IUHS - intrauterine heat stressed and IUCL - intrauterine cooled), spring, and winter seasons. Environmental parameters were recorded, and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated daily throughout the study period. The average THI values ranged between 84.18 (summer-NHS), 73.88 (summer-CLT), 78.92 (spring), and 64.91 (winter). NHS and spring groups exhibited thermal stress based on THI (> 76.00). Various treatments significantly (P < 0.01) impacted parameters like rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), and skin temperature (ST) in Sahiwal cows and their calves during the study, except for heart rate (HR). Blood samples collected during different seasons and from cows housed in a climatic chamber were used to extract plasma. Plasma cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were notably higher (P < 0.05) in the NHS compared to the CLT group. Conversely, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were higher (P < 0.05) in the CLT and winter groups. IUHS calves exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower overall mean plasma TAC and IgG levels but higher inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and TBARS. Additionally, significant impacts on body weight were observed for factors such as interval (P < 0.01) and the interaction between treatment and interval (P < 0.05), exhibiting consistently lower body weight in IUHS calves throughout the study period. These findings suggest that late gestation heat stress may lead to physiological alterations in future calves. Strategies aimed at mitigating heat stress during late gestation should be considered not only for the productivity and well-being of the pregnant dam but also for the development and future performance of the calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Ranjan Upadhyay
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334001, India.
| | - Ashutosh
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - C G Shashank
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - N P Singh
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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Kesler KW, Abuelo A. Mitochondrial function of dairy calf lymphocytes from birth to immunologic maturity. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00870-1. [PMID: 38825145 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The inability of dairy calves to fully respond to immune stimuli until they reach maturity at 6 mo of age severely limits the use of parenteral vaccines to protect calves against disease. Immune responses are metabolically demanding, and immune cells rely on mitochondrial metabolites for their functionality. Due to the essential role of mitochondria in driving T-cell responses necessary for vaccine efficacy, we hypothesized that the mitochondrial function of dairy calf lymphocytes changes with age, from birth to immunologic maturity. In this cross-sectional study, groups of dairy calves (n = 4/group) were blood sampled at birth before colostrum intake and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 16, and 24 wk of age. Mid-lactation adult cows (n = 4) were also sampled to reference fully mature immune cell populations. B, CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T lymphocytes were enriched using magnetic-activated cell sorting, and their mitochondrial function was assessed with an extracellular flux analyzer. Non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption, basal respiration, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, proton leak, and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) to extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) ratio were reported. Results were compared among groups using a Kruskal-Wallis test. The OCR to ECAR ratio is an indicator of the relative proportions of oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis which is associated with effector functions in lymphocytes. The ratio was lower in 0 wk than adults in CD4+ T-cells. For CD8+ T-cells, the OCR to ECAR ratio for the 2 wk group was lower than the 3 wk group. A lower OCR to ECAR ratio indicates more reliance on glycolytic metabolism than oxidative phosphorylation. Maximal respiration is an indication of mitochondrial efficiency and is often associated with mitochondrial mass. For γδ T-cells, the 3 wk group had higher maximal respiration than the 16 wk group, whereas for B cells maximal respiration was higher in the 1 wk compared with the 16 wk group. Basal respiration indicates all cell functions that require oxygen and was lower in the 0 wk group than the 1 wk and 3 wk groups for CD4+ T-cells. γδ T-cells exhibited lower basal respiration in the 2 wk group than the 24 wk one. Although we found minimal differences in the mitochondrial outcomes reported from non-stimulated lymphocytes from birth through 6 mo of age and mid-lactation adults who served as mature immune cell populations, these results align with previous reports from weaning aged calf and adult CD4+ T-cells. In conclusion, there was insufficient evidence to suggest that the mitochondria in the lymphocytes of dairy calves from birth through immunologic maturity had functional changes associated with age. In conclusion, the capacity of unstimulated calf mitochondria to perform oxidative phosphorylation is not associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn W Kesler
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824.
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Zhang H, Nuermaimaiti Y, Hao K, Qi Y, Xu Y, Zhuang Y, Wang F, Hou G, Chen T, Xiao J, Guo G, Wang Y, Li S, Cao Z, Liu S. Supplementation with Combined Additive Improved the Production of Dairy Cows and Their Offspring with Maintenance of Antioxidative Stability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:650. [PMID: 38929089 PMCID: PMC11200508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress damage in periparturient cows decreases both production and their health; supplementation with complex additives during the periparturient period has been used as an important strategy to enhance the antioxidant status and production of dairy cows. The periparturient cows not only risk a negative energy balance due to reduced dry matter intake but also represent a sensitive period for oxidative stress. Therefore, we have developed an immunomodulatory and nutritional regulation combined additive (INC) that hopefully can improve the immune status and production of cows during the periparturient period and their offspring health and growth by improving their antioxidant stress status. The INC comprised a diverse array of additives, including water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, Selenomethionine, and active dry Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Forty-five multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to three treatments: CON (no INC supplementation, n = 15), INC30 (30 g/d INC supplementation, n = 15), and INC60 (60 g/d INC supplementation, n = 15) based on last lactation milk yield, body condition score, and parity. Newborn calves were administered 4 L of maternal colostrum originating from the corresponding treatment and categorized based on the treatment received by their respective dams. The INC not only served to maintain the antioxidative stress system of dairy cows during the periparturient period but also showed a tendency to improve the immune response (lower tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6) during the perinatal period. A linear decrease in concentrations of alkaline phosphatase postpartum and β-hydroxybutyrate was observed with INC supplementation. Milk fat yield, milk protein yield, and energy-corrected milk yield were also increased linearly with increasing additive supplementation. Calves in the INC30 group exhibited greater wither height and chest girth but no significant effect on average daily gain or body weight. The diarrhea frequency was linearly decreased with the incremental level of INC. Results indicate that supplementation with INC in peripartum dairy cows could be a major strategy to improve immune response, decrease inflammation, maintain antioxidant stress status in transition dairy cows, and have merit in their calves. In conclusion, this study underlines the benefits of INC supplementation during the transition period, as it improved anti-inflammatory capacity, could positively impact antioxidative stress capacity, and eventually enhanced the production performance of dairy cows and the health and growth of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yiliyaer Nuermaimaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Kebi Hao
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (K.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Yan Qi
- China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing 100070, China;
| | - Yiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yimin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Guobin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Gang Guo
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (K.H.); (G.G.)
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Z.); (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (F.W.); (G.H.); (T.C.); (J.X.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (Z.C.)
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Zhang MQ, Heirbaut S, Jing XP, Stefańska B, Vandaele L, De Neve N, Fievez V. Systemic inflammation in early lactation and its relation to the cows' oxidative and metabolic status, productive and reproductive performance as well as activity. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00776-8. [PMID: 38754826 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A dysregulated inflammatory response contributes to the occurrence of disorders in cows during the transition period from pregnancy to lactation. However, a detailed characterization of clinically healthy cows that exhibit enhanced inflammatory response during this critical period remains incomplete. In this experiment, a total of 99 individual transition dairy cows and 109 observations (18 cows monitored in 2 consecutive lactations), submitted to similar transition management were involved to evaluate the relationship between elevated inflammatory response and metabolic, oxidative status as well as transition outcomes. Blood was taken at -7, 3, 6, 9 and 21 d in milk (DIM) and concentrations of metabolic parameters (glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and fructosamine) were analyzed. Additionally, oxidative parameters (proportion of oxidized glutathione to total glutathione in red blood cells (GSSG (%)), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and of superoxide dismutase (SOD), concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)) and acute phase proteins (APP) including haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and albumin-to-globulin ratio (A:G) were determined in the blood of 21 DIM. The 3 APP parameters were used to group clinically healthy cows into 2 categories through k-medoids clustering, i.e., a group showing an acute phase response (APR, n = 39) and a group not showing such a response, i.e., non-APR (n = 50). Diseased cases (n = 20) were handled in a separate group. Lower SAA and Hp concentrations as well as higher A:G were observed in the non-APR group, although for Hp differences were observed from the APR group, not from the diseased group. Only one of the 5 oxidative parameters differed between the groups, with the non-APR group exhibiting lower GPx activity compared with the diseased group. The non-APR group showed the highest IGF-1 levels among the 3 groups, and lower NEFA concentrations compared with the diseased groups. The diseased group also showed reduced dry matter intake and milk yield compared with clinically healthy cows, regardless of their inflammatory status. Moreover, the APR group exhibited temporarily lower activity levels compared with the non-APR group. These findings highlight that cows with a lower inflammatory status after 21 DIM exhibited better metabolic health characteristics, productive performance as well as activity levels. Nevertheless, the detrimental effects of a higher inflammatory status in the absence of clinical symptoms are still relatively limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - S Heirbaut
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - X P Jing
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium.; State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - B Stefańska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Street, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - L Vandaele
- Animal Sciences Unit, ILVO, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - N De Neve
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - V Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium..
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Silva FG, Silva SR, Pereira AMF, Cerqueira JL, Conceição C. A Comprehensive Review of Bovine Colostrum Components and Selected Aspects Regarding Their Impact on Neonatal Calf Physiology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1130. [PMID: 38612369 PMCID: PMC11010951 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum contains macro- and micronutrients necessary to meet the nutritional and energy requirements of the neonatal calf, bioactive components that intervene in several physiological aspects, and cells and microorganisms that modulate the calf's immune system and gut microbiome. Colostrum is sometimes mistaken as transition milk, which, although more nutritive than whole milk, has a distinct biochemical composition. Furthermore, most research about colostrum quality and colostrum management focuses on the transfer of maternal IgG to the newborn calf. The remaining components of colostrum and transition milk have not received the same attention, despite their importance to the newborn animal. In this narrative review, a large body of literature on the components of bovine colostrum was reviewed. The variability of these components was summarized, emphasizing specific components that warrant deeper exploration. In addition, the effects of each component present in colostrum and transition milk on several key physiological aspects of the newborn calf are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Severiano R. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Joaquim Lima Cerqueira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Cristina Conceição
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
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10
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Azhar J, Nadeem A, Javed M, Ahmad HI, Hassan FU, Shah FS. Evaluation of phytochemicals from Thymus serpyllum as potential drug candidates to manage oxidative stress in transition dairy cows. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2897-2912. [PMID: 37154530 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2209190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cows undergo immense stress and experience autoimmune reactions during the transition period, majorly due to the generation of ROS in the body. So, pharmacological approaches are needed to manage oxidative stress in the transition cows. Recently, the use of phytochemicals as feed additives in cows' nutrition has gained interest in managing various disease conditions. In the current study, we have evaluated the potential effects of phytochemicals derived from methanolic extract of Thymus serpyllum against oxidative stress and autoimmunity via inhibition of bovine nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The free radical scavenging activity of Thymus serpyllum seed and leaf extracts was 71.8 and 75.6%, respectively at 100 µg/mL concentration. Similarly, both extracts displayed radicals reducing power and inhibition of lipid-peroxidation maximally at 100 µg/mL. A total of 52 bioactive compounds were identified when the plant extract was characterized by the GC-MS analysis, and five (Thymol, Luteolin 7-o-glucuronide, Rosmarinic acid, Apigenin 6,8-di-c-glucoside, Kaempferol) had binding free energy values of -11.6433, -10.002, -8.2615, -7.1714, -6.4870, respectively, in complexes with bovine NF-κB. Through computational analysis, the screened compounds showed good pharmacokinetic parameters, including non-toxicity, non-carcinogenic, high gastrointestinal absorption and thus can serve as potential drug candidates. MD simulation studies predicted the stability of complexes and the complex of Kaempferol was most stable based on RSMD value and MM/GBSA binding energy. The biochemical assays and computational studies indicated that Thymus serpyllum could be used as a promising feed additive in dairy cows to manage oxidative stress during the transition period.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanzaib Azhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nadeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Javed
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Sheraz Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
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11
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Stefanska B, Sobolewska P, Fievez V, Pruszynska-Oszmałek E, Purwin C, Nowak W. The effect of heat stress on performance, fertility, and adipokines involved in regulating systemic immune response during lipolysis of early lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2111-2128. [PMID: 37923214 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential effect of heat stress on dairy cow productivity, fertility, and biochemical blood indices during the early lactation stage in a temperate climate. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the role of leptin and adiponectin in regulating the immune response accompanying lipolysis after calving in dairy cows. The study included 100 clinically healthy Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows selected based on parity and 305 d of milk yield from 5 commercial farms with similar herd management and housing systems. Prospective cohort data were recorded from calving day until 150 d in milk, and microclimate loggers installed inside the barns were used to record temperature and relative humidity data to calculate daily temperature-humidity index (THI) on the calving day, through +7, +14, and +21 d during early lactation. Additionally, monthly productive performance parameters such as milk yield, chemical composition, fatty acids composition, and fertility indices were analyzed. Results showed that the THI from calving day through +7, +14, and +21 d during early lactation was negatively associated with fertility parameters such as delayed first estrus postpartum and an elongated calving interval, respectively, by 29, 27, 25, and 16 d. Furthermore, an increase in THI value during early lactation was associated with an elongated artificially inseminated service period, days open, and intercalving period. Increasing THI from calving day (0 d) through +7, +14, and up to +21 d during early lactation was also linked to decreased milk yield by 3.20, 4.10, 5.60, and 5.60 kg, respectively. The study also found that heat stress during early lactation was associated with a lower body condition score in dairy cows and higher concentrations of leptin, nonesterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate, accompanied by a drastic reduction in adipose tissue-secreted adiponectin levels after calving. Additionally, heat stress-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue caused an inflammatory response that increased biochemical blood indices associated with immune responses such as cytokines, acute phase proteins, and heat shock protein. These findings suggest that exposing dairy cows to heat stress during early lactation can negatively affect their productive performance, fertility, and biochemical blood indices in subsequent lactations. Thus, farm management changes should be implemented during early lactation to mitigate the negative consequences of heat stress occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stefanska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
| | - P Sobolewska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - V Fievez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - E Pruszynska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Science, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - C Purwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science, and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - W Nowak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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12
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El-Sayed A, Ebissy E, Mohamed R, Ateya A. Effects of antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) administration on gene expression, metabolic, antioxidants and immunological profiles during transition period in dromedary camels. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:101. [PMID: 38481237 PMCID: PMC10936106 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition has a primary role for optimum expression of genetic potential, and most of the farmers have limited resources of green fodder. Hence, a fat-soluble vitamin, especially vitamin A and E and trace elements remained most critical in the animal's ration and affects their productive and reproductive performance adversely. Animals cannot be able to produce these vitamins in their bodies; hence, an exogenous regular supply is needed to fulfil the physiological needs and to maintain high production performance. This study elucidated effects of antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) administration on gene expression, metabolic, antioxidants and immunological parameters in dromedary camels during transition period. RESULTS At 0 day, there were no appreciable differences in the expression patterns of the metabolic (IGF-I, ACACA, SCD, FASN, LPL, and BTN1A1) genes between the control and treatment groups, despite lower levels. A substantial variation in the mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD3, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX6, and AhpC/TSA was observed between the control and treatment groups, according to the antioxidant markers. In comparison to the control group, the treatment group displayed a significant up-regulation at 0 and 21 days. The treatment and control groups exhibited substantial differences in the mRNA values of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, as indicated by immunological markers. In comparison to the control group, there was a noticeable down-regulation in the treatment group at 0 and + 21 days. But IL10 produced the opposite pattern. No significant difference was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, total protein, NEFA, BHBA, cortisol and IGF-1 levels between control and treatment group. The activity of serum GPx, SOD and TAC was significantly affected by time and treatment x time in supplemented groups as compared with control group. IL-1, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF were noticeably greater in the control group and lower in the treatment group. Additionally, in all groups, the concentration of all pro-inflammatory cytokines peaked on the day of delivery and its lowest levels showed on day 21 following calving. The IL-10 level was at its peak 21 days prior to calving and was lowest on calving day. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated a beneficial effect of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements on the metabolic, antioxidant and immunological markers in dromedary camels throughout their transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman Ebissy
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ragab Mohamed
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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Rodrigues CM, Parmeggiani EB, Leal KW, Schneider M, Collet SG, Cibin FWS, Gomes V, Blagitz MG, da Rocha JBT, Leal MLDR. Effect of Prepartum Maternal Supplementation with Diphenyl Diselenide on Biochemical, Immunological, and Oxidative Parameters of the Offspring. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 38200741 PMCID: PMC10778336 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of prepartum maternal diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 supplementation on the development, biochemical, immune, and antioxidant parameters of calves. Eighteen Holstein breed calves were used, born to females who were or were not subjected to supplementation, at 42, 28, and 14 days prior to calving. The (PhSe)2 group (DDG) was administered 3 μmol/kg of (PhSe)2 in 4 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while the DMSO and NaCl groups were administered 4 mL of DMSO and 0.9% NaCl, subcutaneously. The calves were evaluated based on their weight, withers height, body condition score 24 h post-birth (0), as well on days 14, 28, 42, 56, 70. Blood samples were also taken to determine serum variables. Calves on the DDG showed higher average levels of total protein, albumin, and globulins on day 0, and the immunoglobulin G level was significantly higher than the other groups on days 0, 14, 56, 70. Maternal supplementation showed immunomodulatory effect on calves, evidenced by the exceptional rates of passive immunity transfer, as well as the enhancement of humoral immunity. Our research offers fresh insights into the immunomodulatory potential of (PhSe)2, making it a viable alternative in facing this challenging phase, rearing dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Medeiros Rodrigues
- Department of Large Animal Clinic, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Eliana Burtet Parmeggiani
- Department of Large Animal Clinic, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Karoline Wagner Leal
- Department of Large Animal Clinic, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Marla Schneider
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Central Education Unit Faem Faculty, Chapecó 89812-214, SC, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil;
| | - Maiara Garcia Blagitz
- Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal University of the Southern Border, Realeza 85770-000, PR, Brazil;
| | | | - Marta Lizandra do Rêgo Leal
- Department of Large Animal Clinic, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (K.W.L.)
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14
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Christodoulou C, Skourtis A, Kyriakaki P, Satolias FF, Karabinas D, Briche M, Salah N, Zervas G, Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E. The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Probiotic and Postbiotic Yeast Products on Ewes Milk Performance and Immune Oxidative Status. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1139. [PMID: 38132740 PMCID: PMC10744422 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of yeast products as feed additives has been proven to beneficially affect animal productivity through energy, oxidative, and immune status improvement. This study evaluated a combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae live yeast (LY) with yeast postbiotics (rich in mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and beta-glucans) and selenium (Se)-enriched yeast on ewes' milk performance and milk quality, energy and oxidative status, and gene expression related to their immune system during the peripartum period. Ewes were fed a basal diet (BD; F:C = 58:42 prepartum and 41:59 postpartum) including inorganic Se (CON; n = 27), the BD supplemented with a LY product, and inorganic Se (AC; n = 29), as well as the combination of the LY, a product of yeast fraction rich in MOS and beta-glucans, and organic-Se-enriched yeast (ACMAN; n = 26) from 6 weeks prepartum to 6 weeks postpartum. The β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration in the blood of AC and ACMAN ewes was lower (compared to the CON) in both pre- and postpartum periods (p < 0.010). Postpartum, milk yield was increased in the AC and ACMAN Lacaune ewes (p = 0.001). In addition, the activity of superoxide dismutase (p = 0.037) and total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.034) measured via the 2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method was increased in the blood plasma of the ACMAN postpartum. Higher ABTS values were also found (p = 0.021), while protein carbonyls were reduced (p = 0.023) in the milk of the treated groups. The relative transcript levels of CCL5 and IL6 were downregulated in the monocytes (p = 0.007 and p = 0.026 respectively), and those of NFKB were downregulated in the neutrophils of the ACMAN-fed ewes postpartum (p = 0.020). The dietary supplementation of ewes with yeast postbiotics rich in MOS and beta-glucans, and organic Se, improved energy status, milk yield and some milk constituents, and oxidative status, with simultaneous suppression of mRNA levels of proinflammatory genes during the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (F.F.S.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexis Skourtis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (F.F.S.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Panagiota Kyriakaki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (F.F.S.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Fotis Fokion Satolias
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (F.F.S.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Dimitris Karabinas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (F.F.S.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Maxime Briche
- Phileo by Lesaffre, 59700 Marcq en Baroeul, Nord, France; (M.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nizar Salah
- Phileo by Lesaffre, 59700 Marcq en Baroeul, Nord, France; (M.B.); (N.S.)
| | - George Zervas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (F.F.S.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (F.F.S.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (F.F.S.); (D.K.); (G.Z.); (A.M.)
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15
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Casaro S, Prim JG, Gonzalez TD, Figueiredo CC, Bisinotto RS, Chebel RC, Santos JEP, Nelson CD, Jeon SJ, Bicalho RC, Driver JP, Galvão KN. Blood metabolomics and impacted cellular mechanisms during transition into lactation in dairy cows that develop metritis. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8098-8109. [PMID: 37641346 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify metabolites associated with metritis and use them for identification of cellular mechanisms affected during transition into lactation. Holstein cows (n = 104) had blood collected in the prepartum period (d -14 ± 6 relative to calving), at calving (d 0), and at the day of metritis diagnosis (d 7 ± 2 after calving). Cows with reddish or brownish, watery, and fetid discharge were diagnosed with metritis (n = 52). Cows with metritis were paired with herdmates without metritis (n = 52) based on days in milk. The metabolome of plasma samples was evaluated using untargeted gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Univariate analyses included t-tests and fold change analyses. Metabolites with false discovery rate adjusted P ≤ 0.10 on t-tests were used for partial least squares discriminant analysis coupled with permutational analysis using 2,000 permutations. Metabolites with false discovery rate adjusted P ≤ 0.10 on t-tests were also used for enriched pathway analyses and identification of cellular processes. Cows that developed metritis had affected cellular processes associated with lower amino acid metabolism in the prepartum period, greater lipolysis, cell death, and oxidative stress at calving and at metritis diagnosis, and greater leukocyte activation at calving, but lower immune cell activation at metritis diagnosis. In summary, cows that developed metritis had plasma metabolomic changes associated with greater lipolysis, oxidative stress, and a dysregulated immune response which may predispose cows to metritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J G Prim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - T D Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - C C Figueiredo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - C D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - S J Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548
| | - R C Bicalho
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845
| | - J P Driver
- Division of Animals Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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16
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Castillo C, Hernandez J, Sotillo J, Muiño R, Benedito JL, Montes A, Arana R, Matas-Quintanilla M, Panizo CG, Montes AMG. Is adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in saliva and serum a more accurate disease detection tool than traditional redox balance parameters in early-lactating dairy cows? Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1255-1262. [PMID: 36607499 PMCID: PMC10485081 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a marker of inflammation in domestic animals, but it is unclear whether it is a reliable marker of oxidative stress, especially in the transition period in dairy cows. This study aims to assess if ADA and redox status measurements in saliva provide the same utility to detect disease condition as that obtained from serum. Sixty-eight multiparous Holstein cows, between 2 and 3 weeks postpartum were selected. Five study groups were established: control (healthy), and cows with ketosis, mastitis, laminitis, and metritis. The parameters measured were ADA activity, total oxidants (TOS), antioxidants (TAC), and OSi ratio.Regarding redox status, no significant differences arise in both saliva and serum being the correlations negative and not significant. In saliva, ADA activity in healthy cows differs from those with pathological processes, having the lowest activities. In serum, ADA activity is similar in the healthy and ketosis cows, showing the lowest activities meanwhile animals with mastitis, laminitis, or metritis have significantly higher activities. In conclusion, the measurement of ADA activities and redox status in saliva does not give consistent results, being preferable to measure them in serum during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Castillo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Hernandez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Juan Sotillo
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Muiño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jose L Benedito
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana Montes
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael Arana
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Matas-Quintanilla
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cándido G Panizo
- Animal Pathology Research Group Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana María Gutiérrez Montes
- BioVetMed Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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17
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Deng J, Zhang S, Li Y, Shi C, Qiu X, Cao B, He Y, Su H. Effect of Potato Vine and Leaf Mixed Silage Compared to Whole Corn Crops on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, and Serum Biochemical Characteristics of Fattening Angus Bull. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2284. [PMID: 37508060 PMCID: PMC10376268 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the different growth performances of the Angus bull on potato vine and leaf mixed silage in the early fattening period and to provide a reference animal production trial. Thirty-six 13-month-old Angus bulls were divided into three groups with 403.22 ± 38.97 kg initial body weight and fed with three different silage diets: (1) control: whole-plant corn silage as control (CS); (2) treatment 1: 50% whole-plant corn +50% potato vine and leaf silage (PVS1); and (3) treatment 2: 75% potato vine and leaf +15% rice straw +10% cornmeal silage (PVS2). After the 14 days pre-feeding, the formal experiment was carried out for 89 days. The result showed that the ash content of the potato vine and leaf mixed silage (PVS) in the treatment groups was higher than that in control group, and the ash content of PVS1 and PVS2 even reached 10.42% and 18.48% (DM%), respectively, which was much higher than that of the CS group at 4.94%. The crude protein content in silage also increased with the additional amount of potato vine and leaf. The apparent crude protein digestibility of the PVS groups was also significantly higher than that of the CS group (p < 0.05). In terms of serum biochemical indexes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the experimental groups was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with PVS2, cholesterol (CHO) was significantly lower in the CS and PVS1 groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of PVS2 were significantly higher than those of the CS and PVS1 group (p < 0.05), and daily gain (ADG) as a key production index had a significantly negative correlation with the CHO (r = -0.38, p < 0.05) and HDL-C (r = -0.40, p < 0.05) of cattle. In conclusion, PVS had higher crude protein content and ash but less starch than whole-corn silage. The PVS could replace whole-plant corn silage at the same dry matter status and did not affect the weight gain in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Yingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Changxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Xinjun Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
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18
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Veshkini A, Gnott M, Vogel L, Kröger-Koch C, Tuchscherer A, Tröscher A, Bernabucci U, Trevisi E, Starke A, Mielenz M, Bachmann L, Hammon HM. Abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid during late pregnancy and early lactation affects immunohematological and oxidative stress markers in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00231-X. [PMID: 37173257 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation, as natural parts of metabolic adaptations during the transition from late gestation to early lactation, are critical indicators of dairy cows' metabolic health. This study was designed to investigate the effects of abomasal infusion of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly α-linolenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on plasma, erythrocyte, and liver markers of oxidative stress in dairy cows during the transition period. Rumen-cannulated German Holstein cows (n = 38) in their second lactation (11,101 ± 1,118 kg milk/305 d, mean ± standard deviation) were abomasally infused with one of the following treatments from d -63 antepartum until d 63 postpartum (PP): CTRL (n = 9; 76 g/d coconut oil); EFA (n = 9; 78 g/d linseed plus 4 g/d safflower oil); CLA (n = 10; isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA; 38 g/d); and EFA+CLA (n = 10; 120 g/d). Hematological parameters as well as markers of oxidative status were measured in plasma, erythrocytes, and liver before and after calving. Immunohematological parameters, including erythrocyte number, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, leukocytes, and basophils, were affected by time, and their peak levels were observed on the day after calving. The oxidative stress markers glutathione peroxidase 1 and reactive oxygen metabolites in plasma and erythrocytes were both affected by time, exhibiting the highest levels on d 1 PP, whereas β-carotene, retinol, and tocopherol were at their lowest levels at the same time. Immunohematological parameters were only marginally affected by fatty acid treatment in a time-dependent manner. As such, lymphocyte and atypical lymphocyte counts were both significantly highest in the groups that received EFA at d 1 PP. Moreover, EFA supplementation increased the mean corpuscular volume and showed a trend for induction of mean corpuscular hemoglobin compared with the CLA group during the transition period. The PP mean thrombocyte volume was higher in the EFA than in the CLA group (except for d 28) and both EFA and CLA reduced number of thrombocytes and thrombocrit at distinct time points. Hepatic mRNA abundance of markers related to oxidative status, including glutathione peroxidase (GPX-1) and catalase (CAT), was lower (P < 0.05) in EFA-treated than non-EFA-treated cows at d 28 PP. Dairy cows at the onset of lactation were characterized by induced markers of both oxidative stress and inflammation. Supplementing EFA and CLA had minor and time-dependent effects on markers of oxidative stress in plasma, erythrocytes, and liver. A comparison of EFA supplementation with CLA or CTRL showed higher immunohematological response at d 1 PP and lower hepatic antioxidant levels by d 28 PP. Supplementation with EFA+CLA had only a minor effect on oxidative markers, which were more similar to those with the EFA treatment. Altogether, despite the time-dependent differences, the current findings show only minor effects of EFA and CLA supplementation in the prevention of early lactation-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Veshkini
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M Gnott
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Vogel
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kröger-Koch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - U Bernabucci
- Department of Agronomic and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Mielenz
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - L Bachmann
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Applied Science Neubrandenburg, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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19
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Abuelo A, Mann S, Contreras GA. Metabolic Factors at the Crossroads of Periparturient Immunity and Inflammation. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:203-218. [PMID: 37032303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periparturient cows have the highest risk for disease and culling in the adult dairy herd. This risk is compounded by the multiple physiological changes of metabolism and immune function occurring around calving that alter the cow's inflammatory response. In this article, the authors summarize the current knowledge on immunometabolism in the periparturient cow, discussing major changes in immune and metabolic function around parturition that will facilitate the assessment of periparturient cow management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Box 47, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Genaro Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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20
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Giannuzzi D, Mota LFM, Pegolo S, Tagliapietra F, Schiavon S, Gallo L, Marsan PA, Trevisi E, Cecchinato A. Prediction of detailed blood metabolic profile using milk infrared spectra and machine learning methods in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3321-3344. [PMID: 37028959 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of preventive management decisions is crucial to dealing with metabolic impairments in dairy cattle. Various serum metabolites are known to be useful indicators of the health status of cows. In this study, we used milk Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FTIR) spectra and various machine learning (ML) algorithms to develop prediction equations for a panel of 29 blood metabolites, including those related to energy metabolism, liver function/hepatic damage, oxidative stress, inflammation/innate immunity, and minerals. For most traits, the data set comprised observations from 1,204 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows belonging to 5 herds. An exception was represented by β-hydroxybutyrate prediction, which contained observations from 2,701 multibreed cows pertaining to 33 herds. The best predictive model was developed using an automatic ML algorithm that tested various methods, including elastic net, distributed random forest, gradient boosting machine, artificial neural network, and stacking ensemble. These ML predictions were compared with partial least squares regression, the most commonly used method for FTIR prediction of blood traits. Performance of each model was evaluated using 2 cross-validation (CV) scenarios: 5-fold random (CVr) and herd-out (CVh). We also tested the best model's ability to classify values precisely in the 2 extreme tails, namely, the 25th (Q25) and 75th (Q75) percentiles (true-positive prediction scenario). Compared with partial least squares regression, ML algorithms achieved more accurate performance. Specifically, elastic net increased the R2 value from 5% to 75% for CVr and 2% to 139% for CVh, whereas the stacking ensemble increased the R2 value from 4% to 70% for CVr and 4% to 150% for CVh. Considering the best model, with the CVr scenario, good prediction accuracies were obtained for glucose (R2 = 0.81), urea (R2 = 0.73), albumin (R2 = 0.75), total reactive oxygen metabolites (R2 = 0.79), total thiol groups (R2 = 0.76), ceruloplasmin (R2 = 0.74), total proteins (R2 = 0.81), globulins (R2 = 0.87), and Na (R2 = 0.72). Good prediction accuracy in classifying extreme values was achieved for glucose (Q25 = 70.8%, Q75 = 69.9%), albumin (Q25 = 72.3%), total reactive oxygen metabolites (Q25 = 75.1%, Q75 = 74%), thiol groups (Q75 = 70.4%), total proteins (Q25 = 72.4%, Q75 = 77.2.%), globulins (Q25 = 74.8%, Q75 = 81.5%), and haptoglobin (Q75 = 74.4%). In conclusion, our study shows that FTIR spectra can be used to predict blood metabolites with relatively good accuracy, depending on trait, and are a promising tool for large-scale monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Lucio Flavio Macedo Mota
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Sara Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Franco Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and the Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 29122, Piacenza, Italy; Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Center, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and the Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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21
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Ogilvie L, Van Winters B, Mion B, King K, Spricigo JFW, Karrow NA, Steele MA, Ribeiro ES. Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in the diet of prepartum cows on quality of colostrum and immunity of newborn calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3493-3508. [PMID: 37028969 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of supplementary trace mineral (TM) form-inorganic salts (STM; Co, Cu, Mn, Zn sulfates, and Na selenite) or organic (OTM; Co, Cu, Mn, Zn proteinates, and selenized yeast)-in the prepartum diet on quantity and quality of colostrum, passive immunity, antioxidant biomarkers, cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), health, and growth of newborn calves. Pregnant heifers (n = 100) and cows (n = 173) were enrolled at 45 d before calving, blocked by parity and body condition score, and allocated randomly to STM (50 heifers; 86 cows) or OTM (50 heifers; 87 cows) supplementation. Cows in both treatments were fed the same diet, except for the source of supplementary TM. Within 2 h of calving, dams and calves were separated, colostrum was harvested, the yield was measured, and a sample was saved for posterior analyses of colostrum quality. A subgroup of calves (n = 68) had a blood sample collected before colostrum feeding. After colostrum feeding, all samples and data collection were limited to 163 calves (STM = 82; OTM = 81) fed 3 L of good quality (Brix% >22) maternal colostrum via nipple bottle minutes after harvesting. Concentration of IgG in colostrum and serum was determined 24 h after colostrum feeding using radial immunodiffusion. Concentration of TM in colostrum and serum were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Activity of glutathione peroxidase, ferric reducing ability of plasma, and concentration of superoxide dismutase were evaluated in plasma by colorimetric assays. Ex vivo whole blood stimulation with LPS was performed on d 7 of life to evaluate cytokine responses in a subgroup of 66 calves. Health events were recorded from birth to weaning, and body weight was recorded at birth (all calves) and on d 30 and 60 (heifers only). Continuous variables were analyzed by ANOVA and binary responses were analyzed by logistic regression. Complete replacement of STM by OTM in prepartum diet resulted in greater concentration of Se (461 vs. 543 ± 7 μg/g; ± SEM) but did not alter the concentration or total mass of other TM and IgG in colostrum. Female calves of the OTM group had greater concentration of Se in serum at birth (0.23 vs. 0.37 ± 0.05 μg/mL), were lighter in weight at birth (40.9 vs. 38.8 ± 0.6 kg) and weaning (93.2 vs. 89.7 ± 1.6 kg) than those of the STM group. Maternal treatments did not affect passive immunity or antioxidant biomarkers. On d 7, basal concentrations (log10 of concentration in pg/mL) of IFNγ (0.70 vs. 0.95 ± 0.083) and LPS-stimulated concentrations of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2; 2.45 vs. 2.54 ± 0.026), CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3; 2.63 vs. 2.76 ± 0.038), IL-1α (2.32 vs. 2.49 ± 0.054), and IL-1β (3.62 vs. 3.86 ± 0.067) were greater in OTM than in STM. Supplementation with OTM in pregnant heifers, but not in pregnant cows, reduced the incidence of preweaning health problems in their calves (36.4 vs. 11.5%). Complete replacement of STM by OTM in the prepartum diet did not cause major changes in colostrum quality, passive immunity, and antioxidant capacity, but increased cytokine and chemokine responses to LPS on d 7 of life and benefited preweaning health of calves born to primiparous cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ogilvie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - B Van Winters
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - B Mion
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - K King
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - J F W Spricigo
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - N A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1.
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22
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Biological Health Markers Associated with Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows during Lactation Period. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030405. [PMID: 36984846 PMCID: PMC10051964 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize and present different biological health markers in dairy cows during the lactation period. Biochemical health markers provide an indicator of how foreign chemical substances, whether external or internal, affect the animal’s health. To understand the relationship between dairy cow health issues and oxidative stress, various biomarkers of oxidative stress must be investigated. Biochemical and hematological factors play a significant role in determining the biological health markers of animals. A variety of biochemical parameters are dependent on various factors, including the animal’s breed, its age, its development, its pregnancy status, and its production status. When assessing the health of cattle, a blood test is conducted to determine the blood chemistry. To diagnose diseases in dairy animals, the blood biochemistry is necessary to determine the cause of many physiological, metabolic, and pathological problems. Observing blood alterations during pregnancy and at peak lactation may determine what factors lift oxidative stress in cows due to disturbances in feed intake and metabolic processes.
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23
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Malledevarahalli Chandrappa S, Pascottini OB, Opsomer G, Meineri G, Martino NA, Banchi P, Vincenti L, Ricci A. Circulating and endometrial cell oxidative stress in dairy cows diagnosed with metritis. Theriogenology 2023; 198:217-223. [PMID: 36610371 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cows diagnosed with metritis may experience a greater degree of oxidative stress (OS) and a deficit in the antioxidative capacity compared to healthy cows. We aimed to assess circulating OS markers and endometrial cell mitochondrial function, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mean endometrial nuclear cell area in postpartum cows diagnosed with metritis or as healthy. From an initial pool of 121 Holstein cows, we retrospectively selected 34 cows and balanced for metritis (n = 17) or healthy (n = 17). Metritis was defined as an enlarged uterus with red-brown watery or thick off-white purulent discharge occurring within 21 days postpartum. Cows with no signs of clinical disease (including dystocia or retained placenta) were referred to as healthy. Blood samples for serum reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM), antioxidants (OXY), and oxidative status index (OSI) tests, evaluated via photometric determination of plasma thiols, were performed at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days postpartum. Furthermore, from the initial pool, a random subset of 5 cows diagnosed with metritis and 6 diagnosed as healthy we collected (at the same time points as for the blood samples) endometrial cytology samples using the cytobrush technique. From the uterine samples, we evaluated the endometrial cell mitochondrial function, intracellular ROS levels, and the endometrial cell nuclear area using MitoTracker Orange, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and Hoechst 33258, respectively. Mixed linear regression models, accounting for repeated measurements, were fitted to assess the effect of metritis versus healthy on circulating and endometrial cell OS parameters and endometrial cell size. The effect of days postpartum and its interaction with uterine health status were forced into each model. Serum concentrations of d-ROMs and OSI were greater in metritis at 7, 14, and 35 days postpartum than in healthy cows. Interestingly, the mean endometrial cell nuclear area was lower in metritis than healthy cows at 14 and 21 days postpartum. We found no differences between metritis and healthy for endometrial cell mitochondrial function and intracellular ROS production. In conclusion, cows diagnosed with metritis experienced greater systemic OS levels than healthy cows, but their OS was not higher in the uterine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Malledevarahalli Chandrappa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Meineri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Martino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies & Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Penelope Banchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leila Vincenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ricci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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24
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Zhang J, Gaowa N, Wang Y, Li H, Cao Z, Yang H, Zhang X, Li S. Complementary hepatic metabolomics and proteomics reveal the adaptive mechanisms of dairy cows to the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2071-2088. [PMID: 36567250 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transition period from late pregnancy to early lactation is a vital time of the lifecycle of dairy cows due to the marked metabolic challenges. Besides, the liver is the pivot point of metabolism in cattle. Nevertheless, the hepatic physiological molecular adaptation during the transition period has not been elucidated, especially from the metabolomics and proteomics view. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the hepatic metabolic alterations in transition cows by using integrative metabolomics and proteomics methods. Gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics methods were used to analyze liver tissues collected from 8 healthy multiparous Holstein dairy cows 21 d before and after calving. In total, 44 metabolites and 250 proteins were identified as differentially expressed from 233 metabolites and 3,539 proteins detected from the liver biopsies during the transition period. Complementary functional analysis of different metabolites and proteins indicated the upregulated gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycles, AA degradation, fatty acid oxidation, AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, and ribosome proteins in postpartum dairy cows. In terms of the metabolites and proteins, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase played a significant role in these pathways. The upregulated oxidative status may be accompanied by the pathways mentioned above. In addition, the upregulated glucagon and insulin signaling pathways also indicated the significant requirement for glucose in postpartum dairy cows. These outcomes, from the view of global metabolites and proteins, may present a better comprehension of the biology of the transition period, which can be helpful in further developing nutritional regulation strategies targeting the liver to help cows overcome this metabolically challenging time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100 China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Naren Gaowa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Huanxu Li
- Beijing Oriental Kingherd Biotechnology Company, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China.
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Somagond YM, Alhussien MN, Dang AK. Repeated injection of multivitamins and multiminerals during the transition period enhances immune response by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress in cows and their calves. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1059956. [PMID: 36845154 PMCID: PMC9950815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1059956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periparturient dairy cows undergo major physiological and metabolic changes as well as immunosuppression, associated with decrease in plasma concentrations of various minerals and vitamins. The present study was conducted to investigate effects of repeated injections of vitamins and minerals on oxidative stress, innate and adaptive immune response in periparturient dairy cows and their offspring. Experiment was carried out on 24 peripartum Karan-Fries cows, randomly divided into four groups (n=6): control, Multi-mineral (MM), Multi-vitamin (MV) and Multi-minerals and Multi-vitamin (MMMV). Five ml of MM (Zinc 40 mg/ml, Manganese 10 mg/ml, Copper 15 mg/ml, Selenium 5 mg/ml) and five ml of MV (Vitamin E 5 mg/ml, Vitamin A 1000 IU/ml, B-Complex 5 mg/ml, and Vitamin D3 500 IU/ml) were injected intramuscularly (IM) to the MM and MV groups. MMMV group cows were injected with both. In all treatment groups, injections and blood sampling were carried out on 30th, 15th, 7th days before and after expected date of parturition and at calving. In calves, blood was collected at calving and on 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 15, 30 and 45 days post-calving. Colostrum/milk were collected at calving and at days 2, 4, and 8 post-calving. A lower percentage of total neutrophils and immature neutrophils, higher percentage of lymphocytes together with increased phagocytic activity of neutrophils and proliferative capacity of lymphocytes found in blood of MMMV cows/calves. Lower relative mRNA expression of TLRs and CXCRs and higher mRNA expression of GR-α, CD62L, CD11b, CD25 and CD44 found in blood neutrophils of MMMV groups. Total antioxidant capacity was higher, activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), TBARS levels were lower in the blood plasma of treated cows/calves. In both cows/calves, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α) increased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) decreased in MMMV groups. Total immunoglobulins increased in colostrum/milk of MMMV injected cows and plasma of their calves. Results indicate that repeated injections of multivitamins and multiminerals to peripartum dairy cows could be a major strategy to improve immune response and decrease in inflammation and oxidative stress in transition dairy cows and their calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yallappa M. Somagond
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mohanned Naif Alhussien
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India,Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India,*Correspondence: Ajay Kumar Dang, ;
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Gonzalez-Rivas PA, Lean GR, Chambers M, Liu J. A Trace Mineral Injection before Joining and Lambing Increases Marking Percentages and Lamb Weights on Diverse Farms in Victoria, Australia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13010178. [PMID: 36611786 PMCID: PMC9817843 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted on five commercial farms across Victoria, Australia, between September 2018 and November 2019, where the TM status of ewes was within normal ranges before joining. Mix breed ewes (n = 1484) were randomly allocated to receive either nil treatment (Control) or two injections of an ITM product containing zinc (40 mg/mL), manganese (10 mg/mL), selenium (3 mg/mL), and copper (10 mg/mL); 0.2 mL per 10 kg BW (Multimin® plus Copper for Sheep, Virbac (Australia) Pty Ltd., Milperra, NSW, Australia) 30 days before the start of joining and 30 days before the start of lambing. Approximately 90 days after joining, pregnancy status and conception rate were determined by ultrasound. The marking rate was determined approximately four weeks after the end of lambing, and lamb weights were determined at weaning (12 weeks after the end of lambing). In all farms, ITM treatment did not affect the conception rate. The average conception rate was 156 ± 11.0% (p > 0.05). The marking rate of ITM ewes was 9% higher than control ewes (95% Confidence Interval 3−21%). Lambs born to ITM ewes were 2.31 kg heavier at weaning than lambs born to control ewes (p < 0.001). Although not significant, ewe mortality across farms was 1.3% lower in the ITM group than in the control group. On average, ewes treated with ITM pre-joining and pre-lambing produced more and heavier lambs that represent an extra AU$ 2338 per 100 ewes net benefit for the producer. These results help to understand strategic TM supplementation for animal health, performance and farm profitability beyond the treatment of clinical deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Gonzalez-Rivas
- Virbac Australia Pty Ltd., 361 Horsley Road, Milperra, NSW 2214, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-412-039-610
| | - Graham R. Lean
- Agrivet Business Consulting, P.O. Box 105, Hamilton, VIC 3300, Australia
| | | | - Jerry Liu
- Virbac Australia Pty Ltd., 361 Horsley Road, Milperra, NSW 2214, Australia
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Mion B, Ogilvie L, Van Winters B, Spricigo JFW, Anan S, Duplessis M, McBride BW, LeBlanc SJ, Steele MA, Ribeiro EDS. Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in the pre- and postpartum diets on mineral status, antioxidant biomarkers, and health of dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad041. [PMID: 36734127 PMCID: PMC9994592 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of complete replacement of supplementary inorganic salts of trace minerals (ITM; cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) sulfates and sodium (Na) selenite) by organic trace minerals (OTM; Co, Cu, Mn, Zn proteinates, and selenized yeast) in both pre- and postpartum diets on trace minerals (TM) concentrations in body fluids and liver, antioxidant and inflammation biomarkers in blood, and postpartum health of dairy cows. Pregnant cows were blocked by parity and body condition score and randomly assigned to ITM (n = 136) or OTM (n = 137) 45 d before expected calving. Both groups received the same pre- and postpartum diets except for the source of supplementary TM. The day of calving was considered study d 0 and blood was collected on d -45, -21, -14, -10, -7, -3, 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 23, 65, and 105 for analyses of TM and biomarkers. Concentrations of TM were also investigated in the liver (d 105), milk (d 7, 23, 65, 105), urine (d -21, 21, 65, 105), ruminal fluid and feces (d -21, 21, 65). Incidence of clinical and subclinical health conditions were evaluated. Complete replacement of ITM by OTM resulted in greater concentration of selenium (Se) in serum (0.084 vs. 0.086 µg/mL; P < 0.01), milk (0.24 vs. 0.31 µg/g; P < 0.01), and ruminal fluid (0.54 vs. 0.58 µg/g; P = 0.06), and reduced concentration of Se in urine (1.54 vs. 1.23 µg/g; P<0.01). For concentration of Co in serum, an interaction between treatment and time was detected (P < 0.01). Cows supplemented with OTM had greater concentrations of Co on d -7 and 0 (0.30 vs. 0.33 ng/mL; P < 0.01) but lower concentrations of Co on d 23, 65, and 105 (0.34 vs. 0.31 ng/mL; P < 0.05), in addition to reduced concentration of Co in feces (1.08 vs. 0.99 µg/g; P = 0.04) and, for multiparous only, in urine (0.019 vs. 0.014 µg/g; P < 0.01). Cows supplemented with OTM had lower postpartum concentrations of glutamate dehydrogenase (20.8 vs. 17.8 U/L; P < 0.05) and higher albumin on d -10 (36.0 vs. 36.7 g/L; P = 0.04) and 23 (36.9 vs. 37.6 g/L; P = 0.03) relative to calving. Primiparous cows fed OTM had lower concentration of ceruloplasmin in plasma (55 vs. 51 mg/L; P ≤ 0.05). Cows supplemented with OTM had less incidence of lameness (14% vs. 7%; P = 0.05), elevated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (61% vs. 44%; P < 0.01), and multiple metabolic problems (35% vs. 20%; P < 0.01). Despite the lack of differences in Cu, Mn, and Zn concentrations and antioxidant capacity, complete replacement of ITM by OTM altered concentrations of Se and Co, supported liver and hoof health, and reduced the risk of postpartum elevated NEFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Mion
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lori Ogilvie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bryn Van Winters
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jose F W Spricigo
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sanjana Anan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mélissa Duplessis
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brian W McBride
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephen J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Durosaro SO, Iyasere OS, Ilori BM, Oyeniran VJ, Ozoje MO. Molecular regulation, breed differences and genes involved in stress control in farm animals. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 82:106769. [PMID: 36244194 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a state of disturbed homeostasis evoking a multiplicity of somatic and mental adaptive reactions resulting from any of the 5 freedoms of animals being violated. Many environmental forces disrupt homeostasis in farm animals, such as extreme temperatures, poor nutrition, noise, hunger, and thirst. During stressful situations, neuronal circuits in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex are activated, which lead to the release of adrenalin and noradrenalin. The hormones released during stress are needed for adaptation to acute stress and are regulated by many genes. This review examined molecular regulation, breed differences, and genes involved in stress control in farm animals. Major molecular regulation of stress, such as oxidative, cytosolic heat shock, unfolded protein, and hypoxic responses, were discussed. The responses of various poultry, ruminant, and pig breeds to different stress types were also discussed. Gene expressions and polymorphisms in the neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter pathways were also elucidated. The information obtained from this review will help farmers mitigate stress in farm animals through appropriate breed and gene-assisted selection. Also, information obtained from this review will add to the field of stress genetics since stress is a serious welfare issue in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Durosaro
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - O S Iyasere
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - B M Ilori
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - V J Oyeniran
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M O Ozoje
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Noori Sabzikar Z, Mohri M, Seifi HA. Variations of some adipokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, and energy characteristics during the transition period in dairy cows. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:87-95. [PMID: 36909687 PMCID: PMC10003595 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.544163.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited information exists about the relationship of adipose tissue with inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism during the transition period in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to assess the changes and relation of some adipokines, cytokines, oxidative biomarkers, and serum biochemical parameters related to energy balance (EB) in cows during the transition period. Thirty multiparous Holstein cows were selected based on estimated parturition date, and blood samples were collected from jugular vein on one-week prepartum and one and three weeks postpartum and used to measure the parameters. The serum levels of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), non-esterified fatty acid, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase, and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly, and glucose, urea, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased significantly after parturition. The serum values of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were not changed significantly during the experiment. The results of the Pearson correlation revealed a significant negative correlation between BHB with glucose, albumin, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and a positive correlation with TG and malondialdehyde. Also, there was a significant direct correlation between insulin and leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL-6 and TNF-α in the whole experiment period. These emphasize the difficulty of dairy cows to manage the energy requirements during the transition period. It can be stated that adipokines and cytokines may have an essential role in the metabolic status in this period, and control of their production and, or secretion could be helpful in EB during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Noori Sabzikar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Centre of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Adin Seifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Centre of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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30
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Zeng H, Liu Y, Huang K, Chen H, Yang B, Wang J. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1, C1 and C10 Are Potential Probiotics Isolated from Pineapple Residual Silage. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010029. [PMID: 36677321 PMCID: PMC9861278 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and consumption of pineapple creates large quantities of residues. Ensiling these residues might help to minimize the waste burden and meet the intensive feed demand for ruminants. Proper lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are not only responsible for pineapple residual silage fermentation, but might also deliver probiotics. The aim of this study was to isolate LAB strains with probiotic functions, and to enhance intestinal antioxidant capacity from naturally fermented pineapple residues. A total of 47 LAB isolates with gram-positive, catalase-negative, nonhemolytic properties were used for probiotic screening. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) A1, C1 and C10 were susceptible to rifampicin, gentamicin and erythromycin, did not contain virulence factor-coding genes and showed good tolerance to acid (pH 3.0), 0.5% bile salt and simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. Their hydrophobicity indices were 71.92%, 45.50% and 66.90%, respectively. All of them were able to adhere to bovine jejunum epithelial cells (BJECs) and to antagonize Escherichia coli F5 and Salmonella Dublin. These three LAB strains tolerated hydrogen peroxide and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) reactive oxygen species levels in BJECs. In addition, L. plantarum C1 and C10 significantly increased (p < 0.05) the total antioxidant capacity in BJECs in the presence of 200 μmol/L hydrogen peroxide condition. L. plantarum A1, C1 and C10 are potential probiotics isolated from pineapple residual silage. This study aims to promote pineapple residue’s utilization in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zeng
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yalu Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kailang Huang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence:
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31
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Viola I, Tizzani P, Perona G, Lussiana C, Mimosi A, Ponzio P, Cornale P. Hazelnut Skin in Ewes' Diet: Effects on Colostrum Immunoglobulin G and Passive Transfer of Immunity to the Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223220. [PMID: 36428447 PMCID: PMC9686705 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunity transfer has a pivotal role in newborn lambs, where the colostrum represents the primary source of immunoglobulins. This study hypothesized that the high content in polyphenolic compounds, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E of hazelnut skin affects blood and colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and related gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in sheep and their lambs. In the last 45 days of pregnancy, ewes were divided into a control (CTR) and a hazelnut skin supplemented group (HZN). Blood and colostrum were collected from ewes and lambs before the first suckling, at 24 and 48 h after birth, then IgG concentration, GGT and LDH activity levels were measured. IgG concentration in the colostrum and in lamb's serum were significantly greater in HZN than CTR. No significant difference was detected for ewe's blood. A significant positive correlation was found between IgG and GGT in lambs' serum and colostrum, between IgG and LDH, as well as between GGT and LDH in lambs' serum and colostrum. Our results suggest that hazelnut skin supplementation influences IgG colostrum concentration, with improved immune passive transfer to the suckling lambs. The transfer of maternal derived immune factors is confirmed by the GGT and LDH enzyme activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Viola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perona
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Antonio Mimosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ponzio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Formato M, Cimmino G, Brahmi-Chendouh N, Piccolella S, Pacifico S. Polyphenols for Livestock Feed: Sustainable Perspectives for Animal Husbandry? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227752. [PMID: 36431852 PMCID: PMC9693569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in specialized metabolites for fortification strategies in feed and/or as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial alternative for the containment of disorders/pathologies that can also badly impact human nutrition. In this context, the improvement of the diet of ruminant species with polyphenols and the influence of these compounds on animal performance, biohydrogenation processes, methanogenesis, and quality and quantity of milk have been extensively investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. Often conflicting results emerge from a review of the literature of recent years. However, the data suggest pursuing a deepening of the role of phenols and polyphenols in ruminant feeding, paying greater attention to the chemistry of the single compound or to that of the mixture of compounds more commonly used for investigative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Giovanna Cimmino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Nabila Brahmi-Chendouh
- Laboratory of 3BS, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (S.F.)
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Rossi RM, Cullens FM, Bacigalupo P, Sordillo LM, Abuelo A. Changes in biomarkers of metabolic stress during late gestation of dairy cows associated with colostrum volume and immunoglobulin content. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:718-732. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mandal A. The Focus on Core Genetic Factors That Regulate Hepatic Injury in Cattle Seems to be Important for the Dairy Sector’s Long-Term Development. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cattle during the perinatal period, as well as malnutrition, generate oxidative stress which leads to high culling rates of calves after calving across the world. Although metabolic diseases have such a negative impact on the welfare and economic value of dairy cattle, that becomes a serious industrial concern across the world. According to research, genetic factors have a role or controlling fat deposition in the liver by influencing the biological processes of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, all of which contribute to hepatic damage. This review focuses on the critical regulatory mechanisms of VEGF, mTOR/AKT/p53, TNF-alpha, Nf-kb, interleukin, and antioxidants that regulate lipid peroxidation in the liver via direct or indirect pathways, suggesting that they could be a potential critical therapeutic target for hepatic disease.
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Feed intake, milk production and metabolism of Holstein, Gyr and Girolando-F1 heifers with high body condition score during the transition period. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Lambs and its Relation to Health Status and Passive Colostral Immunity. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 251:110470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ali I, Li C, Kuang M, Shah AU, Shafiq M, Ahmad MA, Abdalmegeed D, Li L, Wang G. Nrf2 Activation and NF-Kb & caspase/bax signaling inhibition by sodium butyrate alleviates LPS-induced cell injury in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2022; 148:54-67. [PMID: 35671559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is a complex disease that affects the health of dairy cows worldwide. Sodium butyrate (SB) is a short-chain fatty acid that has recently been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potential in various cells types, although its role in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) has not been comprehensively reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of sodium butyrate on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis model in vitro and to elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The in vitro mastitis model was designed to investigate the regulatory effect of SB on LPS-induced inflammatory conditions in bMECs, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The results showed that SB co-treatment markedly prevented LPS-induced death of bMECs in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, SB attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress (OS) (Increased Intracellular ROS, MDA, and decreased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity), thereby reduced inflammation (increased expression of IL-6, IL-Iβ, and TNF-α), and apoptosis (Increased the expression of caspases and Bax and decreased Bcl-2) via inhibiting NF-kB and caspase/bax signaling pathways. Furthermore, the protective effect of SB was also associated with the activation of endogenous antioxidant system (Nrf2, Keap1, NQO-1 and HO-1). Nrf2 silencing significantly abolished the protective effect of SB on bMECs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SB has a significant protective effect on LPS-induced OS, inflammatory responses and apoptosis by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-kB and ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. These results propose that SB may be an important regulator of OS and its subsequent inflammatory responses, and thus could be used as a therapeutic agent for bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ali
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengmin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Meqian Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Abid Ullah Shah
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Microbiology section, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Genlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Effect of oxidative status on the occurrence of haemolactia in dairy cows after calving. J Vet Res 2022; 66:251-255. [PMID: 35892101 PMCID: PMC9281529 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Dairy cows may infrequently give milk tinged with blood after calving, which is a condition termed haemolactia. Economic losses for dairy farmers are caused by cases of haemolactia because of the condemnation of such milk, potential contamination of good bulk tank milk with haemolactic milk, and need for veterinarian intervention. This study was performed to elucidate the oxidative status of dairy cows with haemolactia during the peripartum period.
Material and Methods
Plasma glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase concentrations along with serum vitamin A, C and E concentrations were determined as indices of oxidative stress. The sampled dairy cows comprised two haemolactic (n = 11 and n = 6) and two non-haemolactic (n = 11 and n = 6) groups.
Results
On the first day when haemolactia was identified in colostrum (at mean 2.1 days after parturition), a significantly increased concentration of plasma MDA was noted in the haemolactic group. During the prepartum period, low levels of serum vitamin E were continuously observed from prepartum week 4 to the parturition day but only in the haemolactic group.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that continuous low levels of serum vitamin E in the prepartum period may play a pivotal role as a requisite factor in the onset of haemolactia after calving.
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Durand D, Collin A, Merlot E, Baéza E, Guilloteau LA, Le Floc'h N, Thomas A, Fontagné-Dicharry S, Gondret F. Review: Implication of redox imbalance in animal health and performance at critical periods, insights from different farm species. Animal 2022; 16:100543. [PMID: 35623200 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of oxidative stress occurs all over the production chain of animals and food products. This review summarises insights obtained in different farm species (pigs, ruminants, poultry, and fishes) to underpin the most critical periods for the venue of oxidative stress, namely birth/hatching and weaning/start-feeding phase. Common responses between species are also unravelled in periods of high physiological demands when animals are facing dietary deficiencies in specific nutrients, suggesting that nutritional recommendations must consider the modulation of responses to oxidative stress for optimising production performance and quality of food products. These conditions concern challenges such as heat stress, social stress, and inflammation. The magnitude of the responses is partly dependent on the prior experience of the animals before the challenge, reinforcing the importance of nutrition and other management practices during early periods to promote the development of antioxidant reserves in the animal. When these practices also improved the performance and health of the animal, this further confirms the central role played by oxidative stress in physiologically and environmentally induced perturbations. Difficulties in interpreting responses to oxidative stress arise from the fact that the indicators are only partly shared between studies, and their modulations may also be challenge-specific. A consensus about the best indicators to assess pro-oxidative and antioxidant pathways is of huge demand to propose a synthetic index measurable in a non-invasive way and interpretable along the productive life of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Durand
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - A Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - E Merlot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - E Baéza
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - N Le Floc'h
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - A Thomas
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Fontagné-Dicharry
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - F Gondret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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Drvenica I, Stojić M, Fratrić N, Kovačić M, Grujić-Milanović J, Vejnović B, Marković D, Gvozdić D, Ilić V. Oral supplementation with organically modified clinoptilolite during prepartum period influences the redox status of peripheral blood and colostrum of primiparous dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2070034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Drvenica
- Grupa za imunologiju, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Milica Stojić
- Katedra za fiziologiju i biohemiju, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Natalija Fratrić
- Katedra za fiziologiju i biohemiju, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kovačić
- Grupa za imunologiju, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Jelica Grujić-Milanović
- Grupa za kardiovaskularnu fiziologiju, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Branislav Vejnović
- Katedra za ekonomiku i statistiku, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Dragana Marković
- Grupa za imunologiju, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Dragan Gvozdić
- Katedra za patofiziologiju, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Vesna Ilić
- Grupa za imunologiju, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia
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In vivo study of dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy of functionalized core-shell yttrium oxide nanoparticles. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:593-606. [PMID: 35201389 PMCID: PMC8989852 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Herein, we assess the dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy of ultrafine spherical functionalized core–shell yttrium oxide nanoparticles (YNPs) with a mean size of 7–8 nm and modified with poly EGMP (ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate) and N-Fluorescein Acrylamide. The antioxidant properties of these nanoparticles were investigated in three groups of Sprague–Dawley rats (10 per group) exposed to environmental stress daily for 1 week and one control group. Groups 2 and 3 were intravenously injected twice a week with YNPs at 0.3 and 0.5 mg at 2nd and 5th day of environmental stress exposure respectively. Different samples of blood and serum were collected from all experimental groups at end of the experiment to measure oxidative biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HORAC), oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidants concentration as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The liver, brain, and spleen tissues were collected for fluorescence imaging and histopathological examination in addition to brain tissue examination by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to estimate YNPs translocation and concentration in tissues which is consecutively dependent on the dose of administration. Depending on all results, poly EGMP YNPs (poly EGMP yttrium oxide nanoparticles) can act as a potent direct antioxidant in a dose-dependent manner with good permeability through blood–brain barrier (BBB). Also, the neuroprotective effect of YNPs opening the door to a new therapeutic approach for modulating oxidative stress–related neural disorders. Highlights • The dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy of ultrafine spherical functionalized core–shell yttrium oxide nanoparticles (YNPs) with a mean size of 7–8 nm and modified with poly EGMP (ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate) and N-Fluorescein Acrylamide was assessed. • The dose of administration directly affecting the brain, liver, and spleen tissues distribution, retention, and uptake of YNPs and direct correlation between the absorbed amount and higher dose administered. • YNPs can act as a potent direct antioxidant in a dose-dependent manner with good permeability through blood–brain barrier (BBB). Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00210-022-02219-1.
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Kekana T, Marume U, Nherera-Chokuda F. Prepartum supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal: Effects on health of the dam, colostrum quality, and acquisition of immunity in the calf. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5813-5821. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Carry-over effects of dry period heat stress on the mammary gland proteome and phosphoproteome in the subsequent lactation of dairy cows. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6637. [PMID: 35459770 PMCID: PMC9033811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heat stress during a cow’s dry period disrupts mammary gland remodeling, impairing mammary function and milk production during the subsequent lactation. Yet, proteomic changes in the mammary gland underlying these effects are not yet known. We investigated alterations in the mammary proteome and phosphoproteome during lactation as a result of dry period heat stress using an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based approach. Cows were cooled (CL; n = 12) with fans and water soakers in a free stall setting or were heat stressed through lack of access to cooling devices (HT; n = 12) during the entire dry period (approximately 46 days). All cows were cooled postpartum. Mammary biopsies were harvested from a subset of cows (n = 4 per treatment) at 14, 42, and 84 days in milk. Overall, 251 proteins and 224 phosphorylated proteins were differentially abundant in the lactating mammary gland of HT compared to CL cows. Top functions of differentially abundant proteins and phosphoproteins affected were related to immune function and inflammation, amino acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production and metabolism, tissue remodeling, and cell stress response. Patterns of protein expression and phosphorylation are indicative of increased oxidative stress, mammary gland restructuring, and immune dysregulation due to prior exposure to dry period heat stress. This study provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of disrupted mammary function and health during lactation arising from prior exposure to dry period heat stress, which might have led to lower milk yields.
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Ghavipanje N, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Afshin M, Hosseini SA, Aghashahi A, Vatankhah AM. The Inclusion of Alhagi maurorum in Growing Camel Diet: Effect on Performance, Liver-Related Blood Metabolites, and Antioxidant Status. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:863121. [PMID: 35433901 PMCID: PMC9009082 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.863121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of dietary inclusion of camelthron [Alhagi maurorum (AM)] on the performance, blood metabolites, and antioxidant status of growing camels. A total of 18 Sindhi camel calves of 9–10 months of age and 115 ± 7 kg body weight (BW) were randomly assigned to three diets (with a forage:concentrate ratio of 50:50) that were formulated by partial and total substitution of alfalfa hay with AM as follows: (1) diet without AM (control), (2) diet containing 25% of AM (AM-25), and (3) diet containing 50% of AM (AM-50) (dry matter basis) for 150 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. The camels were weighed individually on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 75, and 150. DMI was increased (p = 0.004) with AM-50 feeding followed by AM-25. Total weight gain (p = 0.048) and average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.043) decreased with AM-50; however, no differences were observed between the AM-25 and CON groups. Feed cost per kg BW gain tended to decrease (p = 0.092) and return per kg BW gain tended to increase (p = 0.087) by AM feeding. The plasma triglycerides (TGs) (p = 0.046) and cholesterol (CHOL) (p = 0.025) concentration were reduced with AM inclusion. Additionally, the AM50-fed camels showed the lowest concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.008) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.0036), followed by AM-25. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was depressed (p = 0.037) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was enhanced (p = 0.016) with both the AM-25 and AM-50. Moreover, feeding the AM containing diets led to higher (p = 0.004) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) along with a tendency for superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p = 0.075) and catalase (CAT) (p = 0.094). Overall, feeding camels with AM for up to 25% of their dry matter (DM) diet positively influenced the antioxidant status without severe deleterious effects on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ghavipanje
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
- *Correspondence: Navid Ghavipanje
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
| | - Mojtaba Afshin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Aghashahi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Education and Extension Research Organization, Karaj, Iran
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Afzal A, Hussain T, Hameed A, Shahzad M, Mazhar MU, Yang G. Dietary Moringa oleifera Alters Periparturient Plasma and Milk Biochemical Indicators and Promotes Productive Performance in Goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:787719. [PMID: 35310135 PMCID: PMC8928104 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.787719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore the supplementing effects of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on plasma and milk biochemical indices and productive/reproductive performance of goats. A total of 30 healthy pregnant goats were randomly distributed (n = 10) into three experimental groups: control (M0) group (basal diet without MOLP), M2% group (basal diet + 2% MOLP), and M3.5% group (basal diet + 3.5% MOLP). The experiment started 2 months before parturition and continued till the first month of lactation. The plasma flavonoids were significantly increased in the M3.5% group during the entire experiment, whereas the total phenolic contents were enhanced only during the lactation period depending on the supplementation percentage. The amount of vitamin C increased significantly in M2% and M3.5% groups as compared to the M0 group. Supplementation of MOLP improved the plasma total antioxidant capacity by declining malondialdehyde concentration and total oxidant status values. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes were modified in M2% and M3.5% supplemented groups throughout the experiment, while the catalase activity was significantly influenced only during the lactation stage. The protein and lycopene contents in plasma were significantly improved in the M3.5% group, whereas the total sugars and carotenoid level was increased in both M2% and M3.5% groups. Dietary supplementation with 3.5% MOLP more effectively enhanced protease and amylase activities as compared to 2% supplementation. MOLP also improved the biochemical indices and antioxidant status of colostrum and milk. The milk yield, weight gain of the kids, and reproductive performance were high in M2% and M3.5% groups in comparison to the M0 group. These findings disclose that supplementing the diet with 3.5% MOLP improves antioxidant status, milk yield, and reproductive performance in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afzal
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Tarique Hussain
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Mazhar
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
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Ghavipanje N, Fathi Nasri MH, Farhangfar SH, Ghiasi SE, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. The Impact of Dietary Berberine Supplementation during the Transition Period on Blood Parameters, Antioxidant Indicators and Fatty Acids Profile in Colostrum and Milk of Dairy Goats. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020076. [PMID: 35202329 PMCID: PMC8874883 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of berberine (BBR) supplementation on productivity, antioxidant markers, and the fatty acid (FA) profile in the colostrum and milk of goats. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen goats were supplemented with 0, 1, 2, and 4 g/d (per goat) of BBR in control (CON), BBR1, BBR2, and BBR4 groups (n = 6 per group), respectively, from 21 days before expected kidding to 21 days after parturition. Blood sampling was carried out at −21, −14, −7, 0, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to delivery. Colostrum was collected within the first and second milking (d 1 of lactation), and milk was harvested weekly after kidding. Both BBR2 and BBR4 increased dry matter intake (DMI) (p ≤ 0.05) and energy balance (EB) as well as colostrum and milk production. Both BBR2 and BBR4 decreased (p ≤ 0.05) plasma levels of cholesterol, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin, while elevating the plasma albumin and paraoxonase (p ≤ 0.05), which may indicate that BBR mitigates inflammation during the transition period. BBR reduced (p ≤ 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased (p ≤ 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in blood, colostrum, and milk. Concentrations of de novo fatty acid in colostrum and milk were increased (p ≤ 0.05) with both BBR2 and BBR4. Free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in colostrum and milk fat were lower (p ≤ 0.05) in BBR2 and BBR4 compared to CON. The concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in colostrum and milk fat increased (p ≤ 0.05) with BBR2 and BBR4, while unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in milk. In summary, supplementation with at least 2 g/d BBR may enhance the EB and antioxidant status of dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ghavipanje
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-331, Iran; (M.H.F.N.); (S.H.F.); (S.E.G.)
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (E.V.-B.-P.)
| | - Mohammad Hasan Fathi Nasri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-331, Iran; (M.H.F.N.); (S.H.F.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Seyyed Homayoun Farhangfar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-331, Iran; (M.H.F.N.); (S.H.F.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Seyyed Ehsan Ghiasi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-331, Iran; (M.H.F.N.); (S.H.F.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (E.V.-B.-P.)
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Field trial of antibody response to inactivated bacterial vaccine in young Holstein calves: influence of animal health status. J Vet Res 2022; 66:109-116. [PMID: 35582493 PMCID: PMC8959694 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the primary causes of death in young calves. Vaccination against infection by the common bacteria causing BRD is possible; however, the physical condition of the young calves that enables antibody production when stimulated by early immunisation remains to be elucidated. Material and Methods Healthy young female Holstein calves on a commercial dairy farm were fed a colostrum replacer and administered primary and booster immunisations with an inactivated vaccine against the bacterial pneumonia agents Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. At each immunisation, the body weight and height at the withers were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood was sampled immediately before immunisation and 3 weeks following the booster. The calves were divided into positive and negative groups based on the antibody titre at the final blood sampling. Maternal antibody titres at the primary immunisation and BMI, nutritional status and oxidative stress at both immunisations were compared between the two groups. Results Antibody titre at the primary and BMI at both immunisations were significantly higher in the positive than in the negative group (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum gamma globulin was significantly higher in the positive group (P < 0.05), indicating a strong correlation between maternal antibody and serum gamma globulin levels. Conclusion Elevated maternal antibody titre and higher BMI are positive factors for successful early immunisation, for which suitable colostrum may also be fundamental in young calves administered inactivated vaccines.
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Seifzadeh S, Seifdavati J, Abdi-Benemar H, Salem AZM, Sharifi RS, Elghandour MMMY. Dietary vitamin C in pre-parturient dairy cows and their calves: blood metabolites, copper, zinc, iron, and vitamin C concentrations, and calves growth performance. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:54. [PMID: 35028725 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C supplementation on blood parameters of pre-parturient (PP) dairy cows and growth performance and immune system of their newborn calves. Forty PP cows (at approximately 21 days before calving and an average weight 791 ± 50 kg) were allocated into two experimental treatments: (1) basal diet without vitamin C supplementation (CO) and (2) basal diet with 20 g of vitamin C supplementation from 21 days before calving to parturition (VC). After parturition, the experiment continued by grouping the calves into four dietary treatments with 8 calves in each treatment. The experimental treatments were (1) control calves with no vitamin C supplementation and from cows that received no vitamin C supplement (CON), (2) calves supplemented with 600 mg of vitamin C per day and from cows that received no vitamin C supplement (CVC), (3) calves supplemented with no vitamin C and from cows that received 20 g of vitamin C per day (MVC), and (4) calves supplemented with 600 mg of vitamin C per day and from cows that received 20 g of vitamin C per day (CMVC). Serum concentrations of glucose, HDL and LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, and albumin of cows were not affected by vitamin C supplementation during pre-parturient period. However, cows that received VC diet had lower (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations, higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and vitamin C concentration in their blood compared to CO cows. Vitamin C supplementation had no effect on plasma iron, copper, and zinc concentrations of PP cows. Similarly, vitamin C supplementation had no effect on total feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of suckling calves. However, calves in the CMVC group had higher (P < 0.05) overall daily weight gain compared to the other groups. Calves in the CVC and CMVC groups had lower (P < 0.05) blood MDA concentration on days 7 and 21. The highest (P < 0.05) blood TAC level was recorded in CMVC calves. Control group calves had lower (P < 0.05) blood superoxide dismutase activity compared to the other calves. Blood levels of alanine aminotransferase on days 7 and 21 and aspartate aminotransferase on day 7 were higher (P < 0.05) for calves in the CON and MVC groups. Based on the results, vitamin C supplementation had positive health effects on the oxidative parameters of PP dairy cows and also improved the performance and health status of the calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyad Seifzadeh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Jamal Seifdavati
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Hossein Abdi-Benemar
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México.
| | - Reza Seyed Sharifi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mona M M Y Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
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Kairenius P, Qin N, Tapio I, Mäntysaari P, Franco M, Lidauer P, Stefański T, Lidauer M, Junnikkala S, Niku M, Kettunen H, Rinne M. The effects of dietary resin acid inclusion on productive, physiological and rumen microbiome responses of dairy cows during early lactation. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Parenteral Antioxidant Supplementation at Birth Improves the Response to Intranasal Vaccination in Newborn Dairy Calves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121979. [PMID: 34943082 PMCID: PMC8750176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn calves experience oxidative stress throughout the first month of their life, which is known to decrease lymphocyte functions relevant to vaccine responsiveness. Thus, this study aimed to determine the extent to which parenteral antioxidant supplementation given at birth improves the response to an intranasal viral vaccine in the first month of life of newborn dairy calves. For this, 21 calves were randomly assigned at birth to one of two commercially available antioxidant micronutrient supplements or a placebo group receiving 0.9% sterile saline (n = 7/group). Serum and nasal secretion samples were collected before administration of treatments and an intranasal vaccine against respiratory viruses (bovine herpesvirus type 1, bovine syncytial respiratory virus, and parainfluenza 3), and once weekly for the first four weeks of age. Systemic redox balance was determined in serum. Immunoglobulin A specific for bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine syncytial respiratory virus was quantified in nasal secretions as a proxy to intranasal vaccine responsiveness. Our results showed that parenteral administration of antioxidants at birth improved calves' redox balance. Additionally, calves receiving antioxidant supplementation had higher concentrations of immunoglobulin A in their nasal secretions than calves in the control group. Thus, we conclude that supplementation of calves with antioxidants at birth could be a practical strategy to improve intranasal vaccine response. Future larger studies should evaluate the extent to which this increased mucosal response to intranasal vaccination could result in decreased calf morbidity and mortality.
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