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Cai B, Wang Q, Zhong L, Liu F, Wang X, Chen T. Integrating Network Pharmacology, Transcriptomics to Reveal Neuroprotective of Curcumin Activate PI3K / AKT Pathway in Parkinson's Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2869-2881. [PMID: 39006191 PMCID: PMC11246089 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s462333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder. Curcumin, a polyphenol with hydrophobic properties, has been proved against Parkinson. Our previous study suggested that curcumin's effectiveness in treating Parkinson's disease may be linked to the gut-brain axis, although the specific mechanism by which curcumin exerts neuroprotective effects in the brain remains unknown. Methods The therapeutic efficacy of curcumin was evaluated using behavioral tests, immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Network pharmacology and transcriptomics predicted the mechanisms of curcumin in PD. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3K/AKT pathway was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunofluorescence. Results Curcumin restored the dyskinesia and dopaminergic neurons damage of MPTP-induced mice. Curcumin against Parkinson's disease by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and aging. The mechanisms of these were associated with activation of PI3K / AKT pathway. Conclusion In conclusion, the neuroprotective mechanisms of curcumin activate PI3K / AKT pathway in Parkinson's disease was revealed by our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchi Cai
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qitong Wang
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifan Zhong
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
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König A, Outeiro TF. Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease: Understanding Shared Molecular Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD230104. [PMID: 38995799 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic mutations account for a small percentage of cases and the majority appears to be sporadic, with yet unclear causes. However, various environmental factors have been linked to an increased risk of developing PD and, therefore, understanding the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors is crucial for developing effective disease-modifying therapies. Several studies identified a connection between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and PD. T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance and failure of β-cells to compensate, leading to hyperglycemia and serious comorbidities. Both PD and T2DM share misregulated processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, altered proteostasis, protein aggregation, and misregulation of glucose metabolism. Chronic or recurring hyperglycemia is a T2DM hallmark and can lead to increased methylglyoxal (MGO) production, which is responsible for protein glycation. Glycation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn), a central player in PD pathogenesis, accelerates the deleterious aSyn effects. Interestingly, MGO blood plasma levels and aSyn glycation are significantly elevated in T2DM patients, suggesting a molecular mechanism underlying the T2DM - PD link. Compared to high constant glucose levels, glycemic variability (fluctuations in blood glucose levels), can be more detrimental for diabetic patients, causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial damage. Accordingly, it is imperative for future research to prioritize the exploration of glucose variability's influence on PD development and progression. This involves moving beyond the binary classification of patients as diabetic or non-diabetic, aiming to pave the way for the development of enhanced therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Pala M, Meral I, Pala Acikgoz N, Mengi M, Erdim Gokce MB, Unsal R, Polat Y, Akbas F, Gorucu Yilmaz S. Thymoquinone ameliorates symptoms of Parkinson's disease in a 6-OHDA rat model by downregulation of miR-204-3p. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:201-210. [PMID: 38660812 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone on the expression profiles of miRNA and cognitive functions in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's model. Male adult Wistar albino rats (200-230 g, n = 36) were randomly assigned to six groups: Sham, thymoquinone (10 mg/kg, p.o.), 6-OHDA, 6-OHDA + thymoquinone (10 mg/kg), 6-OHDA + thymoquinone (20 mg/kg), and 6-OHDA + thymoquinone (50 mg/kg). Behavioral changes were detected using the open field and the elevated plus maze tests. The mature 728 miRNA expressions were evaluated by miRNA microarray (GeneChip miRNA 4.0). Ten miRNAs were selected (rno-miR-212-5p, rno-miR-146b-5p, rno-miR-150-5p, rno-miR-29b-2-5p, rno-miR-126a-3p, rno-miR-187-3p, rno-miR-34a-5p, rno-miR-181d-5p, rno-miR-204-3p, and rno-miR-30c-2-3p) and confirmed by real-time PCR. Striatum samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to determine the effect of dopaminergic lesions. One-way ANOVA test and independent sample t -test were used for statistical analyses. rno-miR-204-3p was upregulated at 6-OHDA and downregulated at the 50 mg/kg dose of thymoquinone. In conclusion, thymoquinone at a dose of 50 mg/kg ameliorates symptoms of Parkinson's disease in a 6-OHDA rat model by downregulation of miR-204-3p. Also, the results showed that thymoquinone can improve locomotor activity and willing exploration and decreased anxiety. Therefore, thymoquinone can be used as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaddes Pala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya
| | | | - Nilgün Pala Acikgoz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul
| | - Murat Mengi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag
| | | | - Rumeysa Unsal
- Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital
| | - Yalcin Polat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University
| | - Fahri Akbas
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul
| | - Senay Gorucu Yilmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Beura SK, Sahoo G, Yadav S, Yadav P, Panigrahi AR, Singh SK. Investigating the role of rotenone on human blood platelets: Molecular insights into abnormal platelet functions in Parkinson's disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23747. [PMID: 38800879 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominant neuromotor disorder characterized by the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. The majority of PD cases are sporadic or idiopathic, with environmental toxins and pollutants potentially contributing to its development or exacerbation. However, clinical PD patients are often associated with a reduced stroke frequency, where circulating blood platelets are indispensable. Although platelet structural impairment is evident in PD, the platelet functional alterations and their underlying molecular mechanisms are still obscure. Therefore, we investigated rotenone (ROT), an environmental neurotoxin that selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons mimicking PD, on human blood platelets to explore its impact on platelet functions, thus replicating PD conditions in vitro. Our study deciphered that ROT decreased thrombin-induced platelet functions, including adhesion, activation, secretion, and aggregation in human blood platelets. As ROT is primarily responsible for generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS is a key player regulating the platelet functional parameters, we went on to check the effect of ROT on platelet ROS production. In our investigation, it became evident that ROT treatment resulted in the stimulation of ROS production in human blood platelets. Additionally, we discovered that ROT induced ROS production by augmenting Ca2+ mobilization from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Apart from this, the treatment of ROT triggers protein kinase C associated NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production in platelets. In summary, this research, for the first time, highlights ROT-induced abnormal platelet functions and may provide a mechanistic insight into the altered platelet activities observed in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurahari Sahoo
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sonika Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Raza C, Mohsin S, Faheem M, Hanif U, Alkhathlan HZ, Shaik MR, Riaz HA, Anjum R, Jurrat H, Khan M. In Vivo Study of Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts as Potential Sources of Neuroprotection against Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1479. [PMID: 38891288 PMCID: PMC11175126 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a leading neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1-3 percent of the elderly population. Oxidative stress is the primary factor for the neurodegeneration of Substantia Nigra (SN). The current study aims to assess the seed extracts of Moringa oleifera (MO) on rotenone-mediated motor function impairments in a PD mouse model. For this purpose, two different seed extracts of MO were prepared, including aqueous MO (AqMO) and ethanolic MO (EthMO). Male Swiss albino mice were grouped into five groups. Mice received 2.5 mg/kg rotenone for 21 consecutive days, and control mice received the vehicle. Extract-treated mice received 200 mg/kg AqMO and EthMO separately, orally and daily for 28 days. Sinemet-treated mice received 20 mg/kg, oral dose, as a positive group. The motor function performance was evaluated using standard neurobehavioral tests. The antioxidant potentials of MO seed extracts were estimated by lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities in mice brain homogenates. The PD mice brain SN sections were investigated for neurodegeneration. MO seed extract-treated mice showed a significant reduction in motor dysfunction compared to rotenone-treated mice as assessed through the open field, beam walk, pole climb-down, tail suspension, stride length and stepping tests. Increased antioxidant capacities of the PD mice brains of MO extract-administered groups were observed compared to the control. A histological study showed reduced signs of neurodegeneration, vacuolation around multipolar cells and cytoplasmic shrinkage in MO extract-treated mice SN brain sections. Collectively, MO seed extracts protected the animals from locomotor deficits induced by rotenone, possibly through antioxidant means, and seem to have potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chand Raza
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Mohsin
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hanif
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Z. Alkhathlan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Hasib Aamir Riaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rabia Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Husna Jurrat
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Merajuddin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.R.S.)
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Long Q, Li T, Zhu Q, He L, Zhao B. SuanZaoRen decoction alleviates neuronal loss, synaptic damage and ferroptosis of AD via activating DJ-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117679. [PMID: 38160863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE SuanZaoRen Decoction (SZRD), a famous herbal prescription, and has been widely proven to have positive therapeutic effects on insomnia, depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the anti-AD molecular mechanism of SZRD remains to be further investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the molecular mechanism of SZRD's improvement in AD's neuronal loss, synaptic damage and ferroptosis by regulating DJ-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC-MS/MS was used to detect the active ingredients from SZRD. APP/PS1 mice was treated with SZRD and a ferroptosis inhibitor (Liproxstatin-1), respectively. Upon the completion of behavioral tests, Nissl staining, FJB staining, Golgi staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were preformed to evaluate the effects of SZRD on neuronal loss, synaptic damage, Aβ deposition. Iron staining, transmission electron microscopy, and iron assay kit was performed to estimate the effects of SZRD on ferroptosis. SOD kit, MDA kit, GSH kit, and GSH/GSSG kit were utilized to measure the oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus. The protein expression of TfR1, FTH1, FTL, FPN1, DJ-1, Nrf2, GPX4, SLC7A11, and ACSL4 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS A total of 16 active ingredients were identified from SZRD extract. SZRD SZRD significantly alleviated learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice. SZRD improved the hippocampal neuronal loss and degenerated neurons in APP/PS1 mice via inhibiting the Aβ deposit. SZRD mitigated the hippocampal synaptic damage in APP/PS1 mice. SZRD inhibited iron accumulation, and alleviated the oxidative stress level in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, SZRD could up-regulate the protein expression level of FPN1, DJ-1, Nrf2, GPX4 and SLC7A11 in the hippocampus, and inhibit TfR1, FTH1, FTL, and ACSL4 protein expression. CONCLUSION SZRD alleviated neuronal loss, synaptic damage and ferroptosis in AD via activating DJ-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Long
- Health Medical Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Tong Li
- Health Medical Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Qihang Zhu
- Health Medical Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Liling He
- Health Medical Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Basic Medicine College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Shen Y, Huai B, Wang X, Chen M, Shen X, Han M, Su F, Xin T. Automatic sleep-wake classification and Parkinson's disease recognition using multifeature fusion with support vector machine. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14708. [PMID: 38600857 PMCID: PMC11007385 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sleep disturbance is a prevalent nonmotor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, assessing sleep conditions is always time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we performed an automatic sleep-wake state classification and early diagnosis of PD by analyzing the electrocorticography (ECoG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals of both normal and PD rats. METHODS The study utilized ECoG power, EMG amplitude, and corticomuscular coherence values extracted from normal and PD rats to construct sleep-wake scoring models based on the support vector machine algorithm. Subsequently, we incorporated feature values that could act as diagnostic markers for PD and then retrained the models, which could encompass the identification of vigilance states and the diagnosis of PD. RESULTS Features extracted from occipital ECoG signals were more suitable for constructing sleep-wake scoring models than those from frontal ECoG (average Cohen's kappa: 0.73 vs. 0.71). Additionally, after retraining, the new models demonstrated increased sensitivity to PD and accurately determined the sleep-wake states of rats (average Cohen's kappa: 0.79). CONCLUSION This study accomplished the precise detection of substantia nigra lesions and the monitoring of sleep-wake states. The integration of circadian rhythm monitoring and disease state assessment has the potential to improve the efficacy of therapeutic strategies considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongP. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Baogeng Huai
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanP. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongP. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongP. R. China
- Department of RadiologyShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianP. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Shen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanP. R. China
| | - Min Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongP. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongP. R. China
- Department of RadiologyShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianP. R. China
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongP. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongP. R. China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongP. R. China
- Shandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain‐inspired ResearchJinanShandongP. R. China
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Braun A, Manavis J, Yamanaka A, Ootsuka Y, Blumbergs P, Bobrovskaya L. The role of orexin in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25322. [PMID: 38520160 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has implicated the orexin system in non-motor pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. It has also been suggested the orexin system is involved in the modulation of motor control, further implicating the orexin system in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with millions of people suffering worldwide with motor and non-motor symptoms, significantly affecting their quality of life. Treatments are based solely on symptomatic management and no cure currently exists. The orexin system has the potential to be a treatment target in Parkinson's disease, particularly in the non-motor stage. In this review, the most current evidence on the orexin system in Parkinson's disease and its potential role in motor and non-motor symptoms of the disease is summarized. This review begins with a brief overview of Parkinson's disease, animal models of the disease, and the orexin system. This leads into discussion of the possible roles of orexin neurons in Parkinson's disease and levels of orexin in the cerebral spinal fluid and plasma in Parkinson's disease and animal models of the disease. The role of orexin is then discussed in relation to symptoms of the disease including motor control, sleep, cognitive impairment, psychological behaviors, and the gastrointestinal system. The neuroprotective effects of orexin are also summarized in preclinical models of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Braun
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jim Manavis
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Youichirou Ootsuka
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical and Health Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Blumbergs
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Cardoso VSL, Valente-Amaral A, Monteiro RFM, Meira CLS, de Meira NS, da Silva MN, Pinheiro JDJV, Bastos GDNT, Felício JS, Yamada ES. Aqueous extract of Swietenia macrophylla leaf exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in a murine model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-OHDA. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1351718. [PMID: 38449740 PMCID: PMC10914943 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1351718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease affects 2% of the population aged over 65 years and is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the general population. The appearance of motor symptoms is associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Clinically significant nonmotor symptoms are also important for severe disability with disease progression. Pharmacological treatment with levodopa, which involves dopamine restitution, results in a temporary improvement in motor symptoms. Among the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease are exacerbated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. A phytochemical prospecting study showed that the aqueous extract of the leaves from Swietenia macrophylla (Melineaceae), known as mahogany, has polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity in a significantly higher percentage than leaf extracts from other Amazonian plants. Furthermore, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of aqueous extract of mahogany leaf has already been demonstrated in an in vitro model. In this study, we hypothesized that the aqueous extract of mahogany leaf (AEML) has a neuroprotective effect in a murine model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA), due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of its phenolic compounds. Methods Mice were treated daily with the mahogany extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg, starting 7 days before 6-OHDA infusion until post-surgery day 7. Results and discussion The animals from the 6-OHDA/mahogany group, which corresponds to animals injected with the toxin and treated with aqueous extract of the mahogany leaf, presented distinct behavioral phenotypes after apomorphine challenge and were therefore subdivided into 2 groups, 6-OHDA/mahogany F1 and 6-OHDA/mahogany F2. The F1 group showed a significant increase in contralateral rotations, whereas the F2 group did not show rotations after the apomorphine stimulus. In the F1 group, there was an increase, although not significant, in motor performance in the open field and elevated plus maze tests, whereas in the F2 group, there was significant improvement, which may be related to the lesser degree of injury to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. The TH+ histopathological analysis, a dopaminergic neuron marker, confirmed that the lesion to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was more pronounced in 6-OHDA/mahogany F1 than in 6-OHDA/mahogany F2. Our main result consisted of signs of improvement in the inflammatory profile in both the F1 and F2 6-OHDA/mahogany groups, such as a lower number of IBA-1+ microglial cells in the ventral striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta and a reduction in GFAP+ expression, an astrocyte marker, in the dorsal striatum. In this study, several bioactive compounds in the aqueous extract of mahogany leaf may have contributed to the observed beneficial effects. Further studies are necessary to better characterize their applicability for treating chronic degenerative diseases with inflammatory and oxidative bases, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Váldina Solimar Lopes Cardoso
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Oncology Research Center and Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Anderson Valente-Amaral
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Rayan Fidel Martins Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Clarina Loius Silva Meira
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Natália Silva de Meira
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Milton Nascimento da Silva
- Liquid Chromatography Laboratory, Institute of Exact and Natural Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - João de Jesus Viana Pinheiro
- Oncology Research Center and Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Gilmara de Nazareth Tavares Bastos
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - João Soares Felício
- Oncology Research Center and Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Endocrinology Division, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Sumi Yamada
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Oncology Research Center and Graduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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10
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Mohammed NN, Tadros MG, George MY. Empagliflozin repurposing in Parkinson's disease; modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α, and wnt/β-catenin pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:777-794. [PMID: 38038781 PMCID: PMC10907444 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neuroprogressive disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. Empagliflozin (EMPA), a SGLT-2 inhibitor, is an oral hypoglycemic agent with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The current study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of EMPA in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease. Rats were randomly distributed among five groups as follows: control, rotenone (2 mg/kg), rotenone + EMPA (10 mg/kg), rotenone + EMPA (20 mg/kg), and EMPA (20 mg/kg) groups. They were treated for 30 consecutive days. Rotenone reduced locomotor activity and retention time on the rotarod performance test while elongated descent latency time. On the other side, EMPA corrected these behavioral changes. These results were confirmed by histological examination and number of intact neurons. Moreover, rotenone induced alpha-synuclein accumulation, reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid concentrations. On the other side, EMPA reversed such effects induced by rotenone. Depending on previous results, EMPA (20 mg/kg) was selected for further mechanistic studies. Rotenone ameliorated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and enhanced lipid peroxidation, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. By contrast, EMPA opposed rotenone-induced effects on oxidative stress and inflammation. Besides, rotenone reduced the expression of pAMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), as well as abrogated NAD+/NADH ratio. However, EMPA activated the AMPK/SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway. Moreover, rotenone hindered the wnt/β-catenin pathway by reducing the wnt-3a level and β-catenin expression. On the other side, EMPA triggered activation of the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Collectively, EMPA may provide a promising solution for Parkinson's patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Nabil Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo Governorate, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo Governorate, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo Governorate, 11566, Egypt.
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11
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Athari SZ, Farajdokht F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mohajeri D, Nourazar MA, Mohaddes G. Hydroxychloroquine attenuated motor impairment and oxidative stress in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1252-1261. [PMID: 35522252 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2074848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has the capability to cross the blood-brain barrier and promote a neuroprotective potential. This study evaluated the effects of HCQ on the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD model in rats. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, PD, PD + levodopa and PD + HCQ groups. The PD model was induced by a stereotactic administration of 6-OHDA into the left SN pars compacta (SNpc) and confirmed by rotation and the Murprogo's tests. HCQ (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and levodopa (12 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered once a day for 21 days. Three weeks after surgery, the behavioral tests were performed. Brain lipid peroxidation index (MDA), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels and α-synuclein protein expression in the SN were also measured. RESULTS The behavioral tests demonstrated that induction of PD increased the muscle rigidity and the number of rotations, which were reversed by HCQ treatment. Also, induction of PD was associated with an increase in α-synuclein protein levels and MDA and decreased TAC levels and GPx activity. However, HCQ decreased α-synuclein and MDA levels while increased TAC levels and GPx activity. In addition, histopathological data showed that HCQ protects dopaminergic neurons against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. CONCLUSION According to the results, HCQ has a beneficial effect in improving PD-related pathophysiology, in part, by mitigating oxidative stress and protecting the dopaminergic neurons in the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zanyar Athari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daryoush Mohajeri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Alireza Nourazar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Zuo Z, Li J, Zhang B, Hang A, Wang Q, Xiong G, Tang L, Zhou Z, Chang X. Early-Life Exposure to Paraquat Aggravates Sex-Specific and Progressive Abnormal Non-Motor Neurobehavior in Aged Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:842. [PMID: 37888693 PMCID: PMC10611227 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Early-life exposure to environmental neurotoxicants is known to have lasting effects on organisms. In this study, we aim to investigate the impacts of PQ exposure during early developmental stages and adult re-challenge in aged mice on non-motor neurobehavior. Two mouse models, which were exposed once during early life stage and re-exposure at adulthood, were created to explore the long-term effects of PQ on non-motor neurobehavior. As the results showed, early-life exposure to PQ caused impairment in working memory and cognitive ability in aged male mice, but not in female mice, exhibiting a sex-specific impairment. Moreover, male mice that were re-challenged with PQ at adulthood following early-life exposure also exhibited non-motor neurobehavioral disorders. Notably, re-exposure to PQ exacerbated neurobehavioral disorders and anxiety levels compared to single exposure during different life stages. Collectively, early-life exposure to PQ can result in irreversible impairments in non-motor neurobehavior and increase susceptibility to subsequent insults in male mice, but not in female mice, suggesting greater sensitivity in male rodents to PQ-induced non-motor neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzi Zuo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ai Hang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qiaoxu Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.W.); (L.T.)
| | - Guiya Xiong
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Liming Tang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.W.); (L.T.)
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Fudan University, Room 233, Building 8, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (B.Z.); (A.H.); (G.X.); (Z.Z.)
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13
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Bisoyi P, Ratna D, Kumar G, Mallick BN, Goswami SK. In the Rat Midbrain, SG2NA and DJ-1 have Common Interactome, Including Mitochondrial Electron Transporters that are Comodulated Under Oxidative Stress. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3061-3080. [PMID: 37165139 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold proteins Striatin and SG2NA assemble kinases and phosphatases into the signalling complexes called STRIPAK. Dysfunctional STRIPAKs cause cancer, cerebral cavernous malformations, etc. DJ-1, a sensor for oxidative stress, has long been associated with the Parkinson's disease, cancer, and immune disorders. SG2NA interacts with DJ-1 and Akt providing neuroprotection under oxidative stress. To dissect the role of SG2NA and DJ-1 in neuronal pathobiology, rat midbrain extracts were immunoprecipitated with SG2NA and sixty-three interacting proteins were identified. BN-PAGE followed by the LC-MS/MS showed 1030 comigrating proteins as the potential constituents of the multimeric complexes formed by SG2NA. Forty-three proteins were common between those identified by co-immunoprecipitation and the BN-PAGE. Co-immunoprecipitation with DJ-1 identified 179 interacting partners, of which forty-one also interact with SG2NA. Among those forty-one proteins immunoprecipitated with both SG2NA and DJ-1, thirty-nine comigrated with SG2NA in the BN-PAGE, and thus are bonafide constituents of the supramolecular assemblies comprising both DJ-1 and SG2NA. Among those thirty-nine proteins, seven are involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In rotenone-treated rats having Parkinson's like symptoms, the levels of both SG2NA and DJ-1 increased in the mitochondria; and the association of SG2NA with the electron transport complexes enhanced. In the hemi-Parkinson's model, where the rats were injected with 6-OHDA into the midbrain, the occupancy of SG2NA and DJ-1 in the mitochondrial complexes also increased. Our study thus reveals a new family of potential STRIPAK assemblies involving both SG2NA and DJ-1, with key roles in protecting midbrain from the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Bisoyi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Deshdeepak Ratna
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, CSJM University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Birendra Nath Mallick
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shyamal K Goswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Kaplan Algin A, Tomruk C, Gözde Aslan Ç, Şaban Akkurt S, Mehtap Çinar G, Ulukaya S, Uyanikgil Y, Akçay Y. Effects of ozone treatment to the levels of neurodegeneration biomarkers after rotenone induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137448. [PMID: 37597740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of ozone treatment on the neurodegeneration of stereotaxic rotenone-induced parkinson's disease (PD) model. The model was confirmed using the apomorphine rotation test. α-synuclein, amyloid-β, Tau, phosphorylated Tau, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase(+), nNOS(+), and glial cell counts were used to evaluate neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. The experiment involved 48 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into four groups: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO with ozone (O), DMSO/rotenone (R), and D/R/O. Ozone treatment significantly improved tissue α-synuclein level and TH+, nNOS+, and glial cell counts compared to the rotenone-only group. The study suggests that ozone treatment may have beneficial effects on PD biomarkers in the rotenone model. Further studies on ozone dosage, duration, and administration methods in humans could provide more evidence for its potential use in Parkinson's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Kaplan Algin
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; Integrative and Complementary Medical Clinic Muratpaşa, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Canberk Tomruk
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Gözde Aslan
- Biruni University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Şaban Akkurt
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey; Clinic of Dr. Sinan Akkurt, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülcihan Mehtap Çinar
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Ulukaya
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Uyanikgil
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Akçay
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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15
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Li X, Wang S, Duan S, Long L, Zhuo L, Peng Y, Xiong Y, Li S, Peng X, Yan Y, Wang Z, Jiang W. Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Multifunctional N-Salicylic Acid Tryptamine Derivative against Parkinson's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28910-28923. [PMID: 37576637 PMCID: PMC10413456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the whole course of PD, which have been the focus of PD drug development. In our previous research, a series of N-salicylic acid tryptamine derivatives were synthesized, and the biological evaluation showed that the compound LZWL02003 has good anti-neuroinflammatory activity and displayed great therapeutic potency for neurodegenerative disease models. In this work, the neuroprotective efficiency of LZWL02003 against PD in vitro and in vivo has been explored. It was found that LZWL02003 could protect human neuron cells SH-SY5Y from MPP+-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular apoptosis. Moreover, LZWL02003 could improve cognition, memory, learning, and athletic ability in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. In general, our study has demonstrated that LZWL02003 has good activity against PD in in vitro and in vivo experiments, which can potentially be developed into a therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Duan
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Long
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yongxia Xiong
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yiguo Yan
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
- The
First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Weifan Jiang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
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16
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Rubio-Osornio M, León CTGD, Montes S, Rubio C, Ríos C, Monroy A, Morales-Montor J. Repurposing Simvastatin in Parkinson's Disease Model: Protection Is throughout Modulation of the Neuro-Inflammatory Response in the Substantia nigra. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10414. [PMID: 37445592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by oxidative stress and immune activation in the nigro-striatal pathway. Simvastatin regulates cholesterol metabolism and protects from atherosclerosis disease. Simvastatin-tween 80 was administered 7 days before sterotaxic intrastriatal administration of MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine) in rats. Fluorescent lipidic product formation, dopamine levels, and circling behavior were considered damage markers. Twenty-four hours and six days after, the animal group lesioned with MPP+ showed significant damage in relation to the control group. Animals pretreated with simvastatin significantly reduced the MPP+-induced damage compared to the MPP+ treated group. As apoptosis promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease, and since there is not currently a proteomic map of the nigro-striatum of rats and assuming a high homology among the identified proteins in other rat tissues, we based the search for rat protein homologs related to the establishment of inflammation response. We demonstrate that most proteins related to inflammation decreased in the simvastatin-treated rats. Furthermore, differential expression of antioxidant enzymes in striated tissue of rat brains was found in response to simvastatin. These results suggest that simvastatin could prevent striatal MPP+-induced damage and, for the first time, suggest that the molecular mechanisms involved in this have a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Rubio-Osornio
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología and Neurocirugía, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Carmen T Goméz-De León
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa Tamaulipas 88740, Mexico
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Antonio Monroy
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
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17
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Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Stanojevic J, Stevanovic I, Stekic A, Bolland SJ, Jasnic N, Ninkovic M, Zaric Kontic M, Ilic TV, Rodger J, Nedeljkovic N, Dragic M. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Improves Motor and Behavioral Dysfunction through Modulation of NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition in Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1525. [PMID: 37296646 PMCID: PMC10252812 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic system, leading to a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms. The currently available symptomatic therapy loses efficacy over time, indicating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as one of the potential candidates for PD therapy. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an excitatory protocol of rTMS, has been shown to be beneficial in several animal models of neurodegeneration, including PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged iTBS on motor performance and behavior and the possible association with changes in the NMDAR subunit composition in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced experimental model of PD. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls, 6-OHDA rats, 6-OHDA + iTBS protocol (two times/day/three weeks) and the sham group. The therapeutic effect of iTBS was evaluated by examining motor coordination, balance, spontaneous forelimb use, exploratory behavior, anxiety-like, depressive/anhedonic-like behavior and short-term memory, histopathological changes and changes at the molecular level. We demonstrated the positive effects of iTBS at both motor and behavioral levels. In addition, the beneficial effects were reflected in reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and a subsequent increase in the level of DA in the caudoputamen. Finally, iTBS altered protein expression and NMDAR subunit composition, suggesting a sustained effect. Applied early in the disease course, the iTBS protocol may be a promising candidate for early-stage PD therapy, affecting motor and nonmotor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Stekic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Samuel J. Bolland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nebojsa Jasnic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zaric Kontic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tihomir V. Ilic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Enkh-Amgalan S, Brown-Leung JM, Syeda T, Nolan RM, Cannon JR, Chester JA. Paraquat exposure produces sex-dependent reduction in binge-like alcohol drinking in high alcohol-preferring mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113685. [PMID: 36813153 PMCID: PMC10110353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) are disorders that involve similar dopaminergic neurobiological pathways and dysregulations in motivation- and reward-related behaviors. This study explored whether exposure to a PD-related neurotoxicant, paraquat (PQ), alters binge-like alcohol drinking and striatal monoamines in mice selectively bred for high alcohol preference (HAP), and whether these effects are sex-dependent. Previous studies found female mice are less susceptible to PD-related toxicants compared to male mice. Mice were treated with PQ or vehicle over 3 weeks (10 mg/kg, i.p. once per week) and binge-like alcohol [20% (v/v)] drinking was assessed. Mice were euthanized and brains were microdissected for monoamine analyses by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). PQ-treated HAP male mice showed significantly decreased binge-like alcohol drinking and ventral striatal 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels compared to vehicle-treated HAP mice. These effects were absent in female HAP mice. These findings suggest that male HAP mice may be more susceptible than female mice to PQ's disruptive effects on binge-like alcohol drinking and associated monoamine neurochemistry and may be relevant for understanding neurodegenerative processes implicated in PD and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyol Enkh-Amgalan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Research on Brain, Behavior, and NeuroRehabilitation (CEREBBRAL), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Josephine M Brown-Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Rachel M Nolan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Research on Brain, Behavior, and NeuroRehabilitation (CEREBBRAL), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Julia A Chester
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Research on Brain, Behavior, and NeuroRehabilitation (CEREBBRAL), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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19
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Aktas B. Gut Microbial Alteration in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease is Administration Regimen Dependent. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01319-7. [PMID: 36708421 PMCID: PMC9883829 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons involved in motor functions. Growing evidence indicates that gut microbiota communicates with the brain known as the gut-brain axis (GBA). Mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is commonly used in animal studies to investigate the GBA in PD. Various MPTP administration regimens are performed in PD mouse models involving one to multiple injections in 1 day or one injection per day for several days. The aim of this study is to investigate if the impact of MPTP on gut microbiota differs depending on the administration regimen. C57BL/6 mice were treated with acute or subchronic regimens of MPTP. Motor functions were assessed by open-field, catalepsy, and wire hanging tests. The cecum and the brain samples were obtained for microbiota and gene expression analyses, respectively. MPTP administration regimens differed in their ability to alter the gut microbiota. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were both increased in subchronic mice while did not change and decreased, respectively, in acute mice. Verrucomicrobiota was elevated in acute MPTP mice but dropped in subchronic MPTP mice. Muribaculaceae was the predominant genus in all groups but acute mice. In acute mice, Akkermansia was increased and Colidextribacter was decreased; however, they showed an opposite trend in subchronic mice. These data suggest that MPTP mouse model cause a gut microbiota dysbiosis in an administration regimen dependent manner, and it is important to take consideration of mouse model to investigate the GBA in neurodegenerative diseases including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Aktas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Burdur, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
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20
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Glimepiride Prevents 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Induced Dopamine Neurons Degeneration Through Attenuation of Glia Activation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:212-223. [PMID: 36705862 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that there is a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease (PD) evidenced in faster progression and more severe phenotype in patients living with diabetes suggestive of shared cellular pathways; hence, antidiabetic drugs could be a possible treatment options for disease modification. This study evaluated the effect of glimepiride (GMP), a third generation sulphonylurea, on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD in mice. Sixty mice were divided randomly into six individual groups of 10 mice each and dose orally as follows: group 1: vehicle (10 ml/kg, p.o.); group 2: MPTP (20 mg/kg, i.p. × 4 at 2-h interval); groups 3-5: GMP (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg, p.o.) + MPTP (20 mg/kg, i.p. × 4 at 2-h interval); and group 6: GMP (4 mg/kg, p.o.). Effect of glimepiride on motor activities were appraised with the use of open-field test and rotarod performance while non-motor activity was evaluated using force swim test (FST; depression) and Y-maze test (working memory). MPTP induced significant decrease in latency to fall on rotarod, distance covered/rearing in open field, mean speed and climbing in FST, and percentage alternation behavior in Y-maze suggestive of motor and non-motor dysfunction. However, MPTP-induced motor and non-motor dysfunction were ameliorated with glimepiride post-treatment. In addition, MPTP-induced increase in oxidative stress parameters and cholinergic neurotransmission was attenuated by glimepiride. In addition, MPTP-induced nigral dopamine neuron loss (decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuron (TH)) and neuroinflammation (activation of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (iba-1)) were ameliorated by GMP administration. This study showed that glimepiride ameliorates MPTP-induced PD motor and non-motor deficits through enhancement of antioxidant defense signaling and attenuation of neuroinflammatory markers. Thus, this could be useful as a disease-modifying therapy in the management of PD.
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21
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Lawal BA, Ayipo YO, Adekunle AO, Amali MO, Badeggi UM, Alananzeh WA, Mordi MN. Phytoconstituents of Datura metel extract improved motor coordination in haloperidol-induced cataleptic mice: Dual-target molecular docking and behavioural studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115753. [PMID: 36162546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prominent health challenge characterized by complex aetiology and limited therapeutic breakthroughs. Datura metel (DM) is a medicinal plant containing active phytoconstituents with neuropharmacological potentials. In traditional medicine, it exerts anticholinergic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and protection from organophosphate poisoning inclusively involved in the pharmacotherapy of PD. Its other PD-related medicinal potency includes treatment of motor sickness and bradycardia. However, the exact mechanisms of anti-PD effects of its phytoconstituents remain underexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, methanolic extract of DM was evaluated for anti-PD behavioural effects in vivo haloperidol-induced cataleptic mice. The GC-MS-identified phytochemicals were studied for one-drug-multi-target inhibitory mechanisms against some key targets for PD treatment, alpha-synuclein (ASN) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) using molecular docking. RESULTS and discussion: Chronic administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of DM extract improved the 14-s latency time induced by haloperidol to 54, 54 and 57 s respectively, whereas levodopa (30 mg/kg) produced 47 s in rotarod tests. Similarly, the descending times for haloperidol-induced cataleptic mice were significantly reduced from 110 s to 17.7, 17.7 and 12.5 s by the respective chronic doses of DM extract, whereas levodopa-administered mice spent 17.5 s descending the same 30 cm pole. The interesting motor coordination enhancements are suggestively due to synergistic inhibition of ASN and DCC by the phytoconstituents of DM, especially, atropine and scopolamine. From the docking analysis, the two phytochemicals interacted more potently with the active therapeutic sites of the dual targets than levodopa and carbidopa. CONCLUSION Methanolic extract of DM contains active phytochemicals for multi-target-directed antiparkinsonian mechanisms amenable for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilqis Abiola Lawal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, University of Ilorin, P.M.B., 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulauz, Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Kwara State University, P. M. B., 1530, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | | | - Mohammed Otuofu Amali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B., 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Umar Muhammad Badeggi
- Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, PMB 11, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Waleed A Alananzeh
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulauz, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulauz, Pinang, Malaysia
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22
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Motawi TK, Al-Kady RH, Senousy MA, Abdelraouf SM. Repaglinide Elicits a Neuroprotective Effect in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Emphasis on Targeting the DREAM-ER Stress BiP/ATF6/CHOP Trajectory and Activation of Mitophagy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:180-194. [PMID: 36538285 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Repaglinide, a meglitinide insulinotropic antidiabetic, was unraveled as a promising therapeutic agent for Huntington's disease by targeting the neuronal calcium sensor downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM). However, its mechanistic profile in Parkinson's disease (PD) especially its impact on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitophagy, and their interconnections is poorly elucidated. This study is the first to examine the neuroprotective potential of repaglinide in rotenone-induced PD in rats by exploring its effects on DREAM, BiP/ATF6/CHOP ER stress pathway, apoptosis, mitophagy/autophagy, oxidative stress, astrogliosis/microgliosis, and neuroinflammation. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: groups 1 and 2 received the vehicle or repaglinide (0.5 mg/kg/day p.o). Groups 3 and 4 received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg/48 h s.c) for 21 days; meanwhile, group 4 additionally received repaglinide (0.5 mg/kg/day p.o) for 15 days starting from day 11. Interestingly, repaglinide lessened striatal ER stress and apoptosis as evidenced by reduced BiP/ATF6/CHOP and caspase-3 levels; however, it augmented striatal DREAM mRNA expression. Repaglinide triggered the expression of the mitophagy marker PINK1 and the autophagy protein beclin1 and alleviated striatal oxidative stress through escalating catalase activity. In addition, repaglinide halted astrocyte/microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the striatum as expressed by reducing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein 1 (Iba1) immunostaining and decreasing interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β levels. Repaglinide restored striatum morphological alterations, intact neuron count, and neurobehavioral motor performance in rats examined by an open field, grip strength, and footprint gait analysis. Conclusively, repaglinide modulates the DREAM-ER stress BiP/ATF6/CHOP cascade, increases mitophagy/autophagy, inhibits apoptosis, and lessens oxidative stress, astrocyte/microglial activation, and neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Rawan H Al-Kady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo 11786, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Abdelraouf
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo 44971, Egypt
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23
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Physiologic Functions and Therapeutic Applications of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Brain Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010031. [PMID: 36678660 PMCID: PMC9865019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are an important therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. The homopentameric ligand-gated ion channel α7nAChR consists of five identical α7 subunits that are encoded by the CHRNA7 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha7 subunit) gene. Moreover, α7nAChRs are densely distributed throughout the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus brain regions, but sparsely in the striatum, forebrain, and medulla. Compared with other nAChRs, α7nAChR binds with low affinity to the naturally occurring neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the non-specific exogenous agonist nicotine, and with high affinity to the specific antagonists α-bungarotoxin and methyllycaconitine. Reports indicate that α7nAChR plays important roles in neurotransmitter release, cognitive functioning, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response. Genetic variations that alter CHRNA7 mRNA and protein expression or cause α7nAChR dysfunction are associated with many brain disorders. Our previous studies revealed that α7nAChR exerts neuroprotection in AD by acting as a cargo receptor for binding the autophagosomal marker protein LC3 and engulfing extracellular neurotoxic Aβ1-42 during autophagic degradation of the α7nAChR-Aβ1-42 complex. However, the role of α7nAChRs in other diseases remains unknown. Here, we review and summarize the essential characteristics and current findings concerning α7nAChRs in four common brain diseases (AD, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression), which may elucidate the role of α7nAChRs and inform innovative research and novel treatments that target α7nAChRs in brain disease.
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24
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Yu H, Sun T, He X, Wang Z, Zhao K, An J, Wen L, Li JY, Li W, Feng J. Association between Parkinson's Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: From Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prevention to Treatment. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1591-1605. [PMID: 36465171 PMCID: PMC9662283 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are both age-related diseases of global concern being among the most common chronic metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, respectively. While both diseases can be genetically inherited, environmental factors play a vital role in their pathogenesis. Moreover, DM and PD have common underlying molecular mechanisms, such as misfolded protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis. Recently, epidemiological and experimental studies have reported that DM affects the incidence and progression of PD. Moreover, certain antidiabetic drugs have been proven to decrease the risk of PD and delay its progression. In this review, we elucidate the epidemiological and pathophysiological association between DM and PD and summarize the antidiabetic drugs used in animal models and clinical trials of PD, which may provide reference for the clinical translation of antidiabetic drugs in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kaidong Zhao
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing An
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lulu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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25
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Barbiero JK, Ramos DC, Boschen S, Bassani T, Da Cunha C, Vital MABF. Fenofibrate promotes neuroprotection in a model of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:513-526. [PMID: 36094044 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, the etiology of which remains unknown, but some likely causes include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists have been studied in animal models of Parkinson's disease and have shown neuroprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to (1) confirm the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-alpha agonist fenofibrate. To this end, male rats received fenofibrate (100 mg/kg) orally for 15 days, 5 days before the intraperitoneal injections of rotenone (2.5 mg/kg for 10 days). After finishing the treatment with rotenone and fenofibrate, animals were subjected to the open field, the forced swim test and the two-way active avoidance task. Subsequently, rats were euthanized for measurement of dopamine and metabolites levels in the striatum and quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In addition, we aimed to (2) evaluate the neuroprotective effects of fenofibrate on the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates. Here, rats were treated for 5 days with fenofibrate continuing for over 28 days with rotenone. Then, animals were perfused for immunohistochemistry analysis of α-synuclein. The results showed that fenofibrate reduced depressive-like behavior and memory impairment induced by rotenone. Moreover, fenofibrate diminished the depletion of striatal dopamine and protected against dopaminergic neuronal death in the SNpc. Likewise, the administration of fenofibrate attenuated the aggregation of α-synuclein in the SNpc and striatum in the rotenone-lesioned rats. Our study confirmed that fenofibrate exerted neuroprotective effects because parkinsonian rats exhibited reduced behavioral, neurochemical and immunohistochemical changes, and importantly, a lower number of α-synuclein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína K Barbiero
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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26
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Poudineh M, Ghotbi T, Azizi F, Karami N, Zolfaghari Z, Gheisari F, Hormozi M, Poudineh S. Neuropharmaceutical Properties of Naringin Against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Naringin Protection Against AD and PD. Galen Med J 2022; 11:e2337. [PMID: 36698693 PMCID: PMC9838113 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v11i.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological complications are considered the leading cause of disability and the second cause of death worldwide. Although the most common neurological disorders affecting a large population are Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), no definitive treatment has been propounded in the clinic. As in recent years, special attention has been paid to medicinal herbal products as one of the ways to meet the challenges of treating diseases. This review study aimed to introduce the naringin neuroprotective effects as an abundant flavonoid in grapes and citrus fruits on the most common neurological disorders, including AD and PD. For this purpose, the specified keywords were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, and the results were entered into the study after a concise overview. The findings show naringin can confront neurological disorders through several mechanisms such as modulating stress response pathways, preventing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, excessive chelating amounts of metal ions, thereby improving cognitive impairment and memory loss induced by neurological disorders. However, further studies, particularly on human, are critical for the final confirmation of obtained findings. [GMJ.2022;11:e2337].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahere Ghotbi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnoush Azizi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nooshin Karami
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shiraz University of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zolfaghari
- Department of E Learning in Medical Sciences, Virtual Faculty of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hormozi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie, Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sahar Poudineh
- School of Medicine, Mashhad Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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27
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Lapshina KV, Abramova YY, Guzeev MA, Ekimova IV. TGN-020, an Inhibitor of the Water Channel Aquaporin-4, Accelerates Nigrostriatal Neurodegeneration in the Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Magdy A, Farrag EAE, Hamed SM, Abdallah Z, El Nashar EM, Alghamdi MA, Ali AAH, Abd El-kader M. Neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of calcitriol in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease rat model. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:967813. [PMID: 36187296 PMCID: PMC9522903 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.967813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Treatment of PD is challenging, as current treatment strategies are only symptomatic and do not stop disease development. Recent studies reported neuroprotective effects of calcitriol in PD through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The exact pathomechanisms of PD are not yet fully understood. So, investigation of different molecular pathways is challenging. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) modulates multiple physiological processes, including programmed cell death, DNA repair, and inflammation. Furthermore, defective autophagy is considered a key pathomechanism in PD as it eliminates protein aggregation and dysfunctional cell organelles. The present study investigated the involvement of autophagy and Sirt1/NF-κB molecular pathway in rotenone-induced PD and explored the protective and restorative effects of calcitriol through these mechanisms. Therefore, behavioral tests were used to test the effect of calcitriol on motor disability and equilibrium. Furthermore, the histological and neuronal architecture was assessed. The expression of genes encoding neuroinflammation and autophagy markers was determined by qPCR while their protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis and immune-histochemical staining. Our results indicate that behavioral impairments and dopaminergic neuron depletion in the rotenone-induced PD model were improved by calcitriol administration. Furthermore, calcitriol attenuated rotenone-induced neuroinflammation and autophagy dysfunction in PD rats through up-regulation of Sirt1 and LC3 and down-regulation of P62 and NF-κB expression levels. Thus, calcitriol could induce a neuro-protective and restorative effect in the rotenone-induced PD model by modulating autophagy and Sirt1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshimaa Magdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Alshimaa Magdy,
| | - Eman A. E. Farrag
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Zienab Abdallah
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamad El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A. H. Ali
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Institute of Anatomy ll, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marwa Abd El-kader
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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29
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Goloborshcheva VV, Kucheryanu VG, Voronina NA, Teterina EV, Ustyugov AA, Morozov SG. Synuclein Proteins in MPTP-Induced Death of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Dopaminergic Neurons. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092278. [PMID: 36140378 PMCID: PMC9496024 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the key neurodegenerative disorders caused by a dopamine deficiency in the striatum due to the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The initially discovered A53T mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene was linked to the formation of cytotoxic aggregates: Lewy bodies in the DA neurons of PD patients. Further research has contributed to the discovery of beta- and gamma-synucleins, which presumably compensate for the functional loss of either member of the synuclein family. Here, we review research from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity models and various synuclein-knockout animals. We conclude that the differences in the sensitivity of the synuclein-knockout animals compared with the MPTP neurotoxin are due to the ontogenetic selection of early neurons followed by a compensatory effect of beta-synuclein, which optimizes dopamine capture in the synapses. Triple-knockout synuclein studies have confirmed the higher sensitivity of DA neurons to the toxic effects of MPTP. Nonetheless, beta-synuclein could modulate the alpha-synuclein function, preventing its aggregation and loss of function. Overall, the use of knockout animals has helped to solve the riddle of synuclein functions, and these proteins could be promising molecular targets for the development of therapies that are aimed at optimizing the synaptic function of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V. Goloborshcheva
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(909)-644-92-31
| | | | | | - Ekaterina V. Teterina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sergei G. Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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30
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Motawi TK, Al-Kady RH, Abdelraouf SM, Senousy MA. Empagliflozin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress and augments autophagy in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Targeting the GRP78/PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway and miR-211-5p. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 362:110002. [PMID: 35654124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Empagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, has been demonstrated to provide additional non-glycemic benefits, including neuroprotection. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key player in neurodegeneration and occurs at the crossroads of other pathologic mechanisms; however, its role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still elusive. miR-211-5p regulates neuronal differentiation and viability and was predicted to target CHOP, a downstream effector in the ER stress pathway. For the first time, this study investigated the possible neuroprotective effect of empagliflozin in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD from the perspective of ER stress. Rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously every other day for 3 weeks. Meanwhile, the treated group received empagliflozin 10 mg/kg/day orally for 15 consecutive days post-PD induction. On the molecular level, the ER stress pathway components; GRP78, total and phosphorylated PERK, eIF2α and CHOP, along with miR-211-5p expression were upregulated in the striatum of rotenone-injected rats. Concurrently, the untreated rats showed elevated striatal α-synuclein levels along with diminished autophagy and the proteasome system as evidenced by reduced beclin-1 protein and ELF2/NERF mRNA expression levels. The rotenone-induced striatal oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were expressed by reduced catalase activity and elevated interleukin (IL)-1β levels. miR-211-5p was positively correlated with PERK/eIF2α/CHOP, IL-1β and α-synuclein, while negatively correlated with ELF2/NERF, beclin-1 and catalase activity. Empagliflozin treatment showed a restorative effect on all biochemical alterations and improved the motor function of rats tested by open field, grip strength and footprint gait analysis. In the histopathological examination, empagliflozin increased the intact neuron count and attenuated astrogliosis and microgliosis by reducing the glial fibrillary protein and ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein 1 immunostaining. Conclusively, these results emphasize the neurotherapeutic impact of empagliflozin in PD by moderating the GRP78/PERK/eIF2α/CHOP ER stress pathway, downregulating miR-211-5p, resolving oxidative stress, lessening astrocyte/microglial activation and neuroinflammation, along with augmenting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rawan H Al-Kady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Abdelraouf
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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31
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Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M. Neuroprotective Properties of Minocycline Against Methylphenidate-Induced Neurodegeneration: Possible Role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 Signaling Pathways in Rat Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:689-713. [PMID: 35446003 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a side effect of methylphenidate (MPH), and minocycline possesses neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of minocycline against methylphenidate-induced neurodegeneration mediated by signaling pathways of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3. Seven groups of seventy male rats were randomly distributed in seven groups (n = 10). Group 1 received 0.7 ml/rat of normal saline (i.p.), and group 2 was treated with MPH (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were simultaneously administered MPH (10 mg/kg) and minocycline (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 days. Minocycline alone (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated to group 7. Open field test (OFT) (on day 22), forced swim test (FST) (on day 24), and elevated plus maze (on day 26) were conducted to analyze the mood-related behaviors; hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic parameters, as well as the levels of protein kinase B (Akt-1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were also assessed. Furthermore, localization of total CREB, Akt, and GSK3 in the DG and CA1 areas of the hippocampus were measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Histological changes in the mentioned areas were also evaluated. Minocycline treatment inhibited MPH-induced mood disorders and decreased lipid peroxidation, oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), Bax, and GSK3 levels. In the contrary, it increased the levels of reduced form of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2, CREB, BDNF, and Akt-1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the experimental animals' hippocampus. IHC data showed that minocycline also improved the localization and expression of CREB and Akt positive cells and decreased the GSK3 positive cells in the DG and CA1 regions of the hippocampus of MPH-treated rats. Minocycline also inhibited MPH-induced changes of hippocampal cells' density and shape in both DG and CA1 areas of the hippocampus. According to obtained data, it can be concluded that minocycline probably via activation of the P-CREB/BDNF or Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway can confer its neuroprotective effects against MPH-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Shahid Hemmat High way, Iran Univ. Med. Sci., P.O. Box 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Shahid Hemmat High way, Iran Univ. Med. Sci., P.O. Box 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat High way, Iran Univ. Med. Sci., P.O. Box 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran.
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Li X, Hu X, Jiang Y, Wang D, Wang T, Li B. Autonomic behavioral impairment induced by simazine exposure during early life of male mouse is mediated by Lmx1a/Wnt1 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:776-788. [PMID: 34936186 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simazine is a widely used herbicide and known as an environmental estrogen. Multiple studies have proved simazine can induced the degeneration of dopaminergic neuron resulting in a degenerative disease-like syndrome. Herein, we explored the neurotoxicity of simazine on the dopaminergic nervous system of embryos and weaned offspring during the maternal gestation period or the maternal gestation and lactation periods. We found that simazine disturbed the crucial components expression involved in Lmx1a/Wnt1 pathway of dopaminergic neuron in embryonic and weaned offspring. Furthermore, morphological and behavioral tests performed on weaned male offspring treated by simazine suggested that the grip strength, autonomic exploring, and the space sense ability were weakened, as well as the pathological damage of dopaminergic neuron was clearly observed. But, the same neurotoxicity of simazine is less significantly observed in female offspring. Our findings will provide reliable reference for the determination of environmental limits and new insight into the pathogenesis of nonfamilial neurodegenerative diseases related to environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baixiang Li
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Roe K. An Alternative Explanation for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Initiation from Specific Antibiotics, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Neurotoxins. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:517-530. [PMID: 34669122 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The late onset neuropathologies, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, have become increasingly prevalent. Their causation has been linked to genetics, gut microbiota dysbiosis (gut dysbiosis), autoimmune diseases, pathogens and exposures to neurotoxins. An alternative explanatory hypothesis is provided for their pathogenesis. Virtually everyone has pervasive daily exposures to neurotoxins, through inhalation, skin contact, direct blood transmission and through the gastrointestinal tract by ingestion. As a result, every individual has substantial and fluctuating neurotoxin blood levels. Two major barriers to neurotoxin entry into the central nervous system are the blood-brain barrier and the intestinal wall, in the absence of gut dysbiosis. Inflammation from gut dysbiosis, induced by antibiotic usage, can increase the intestinal wall permeability for neurotoxins to reach the bloodstream, and also increase the blood-brain barrier permeability to neurotoxins. Gut dysbiosis, including gut dysbiosis caused by antibiotic treatments, is an especially high risk for neurotoxin entry into the brain to cause late onset neuropathologies. Gut dysbiosis has far-reaching immune system and central nervous system effects, and even a transient gut dysbiosis can act in combination with neurotoxins, such as aluminum, mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, selenium, manganese, organophosphate pesticides and organochlorines, to reach neurotoxin blood levels that can initiate a late onset neuropathology, depending on an individual's age and genetic vulnerability.
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Ujvári B, Pytel B, Márton Z, Bognár M, Kovács LÁ, Farkas J, Gaszner T, Berta G, Kecskés A, Kormos V, Farkas B, Füredi N, Gaszner B. Neurodegeneration in the centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus contributes to the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease in the rat. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:31. [PMID: 35109869 PMCID: PMC8809039 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropathological background of major depression and anxiety as non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease is much less understood than classical motor symptoms. Although, neurodegeneration of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in human Parkinson's disease is a known phenomenon, its possible significance in mood status has never been elucidated. In this work we aimed at investigating whether neuron loss and alpha-synuclein accumulation in the urocortin 1 containing (UCN1) cells of the centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal (EWcp) nucleus is associated with anxiety and depression-like state in the rat. METHODS Systemic chronic rotenone administration as well as targeted leptin-saporin-induced lesions of EWcp/UCN1 neurons were conducted. Rotarod, open field and sucrose preference tests were performed to assess motor performance and mood status. Multiple immunofluorescence combined with RNAscope were used to reveal the functional-morphological changes. Two-sample Student's t test, Spearman's rank correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistics. RESULTS In the rotenone model, besides motor deficit, an anxious and depression-like phenotype was detected. Well-comparable neuron loss, cytoplasmic alpha-synuclein accumulation as well as astro- and microglial activation were observed both in the substantia nigra pars compacta and EWcp. Occasionally, UCN1-immunoreactive neuronal debris was observed in phagocytotic microglia. UCN1 peptide content of viable EWcp cells correlated with dopaminergic substantia nigra cell count. Importantly, other mood status-related dopaminergic (ventral tegmental area), serotonergic (dorsal and median raphe) and noradrenergic (locus ceruleus and A5 area) brainstem centers did not show remarkable morphological changes. Targeted partial selective EWcp/UCN1 neuron ablation induced similar mood status without motor symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings collectively suggest that neurodegeneration of urocortinergic EWcp contributes to the mood-related non-motor symptoms in toxic models of Parkinson's disease in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Ujvári
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Bence Pytel
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Márton
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Máté Bognár
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - László Ákos Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - József Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Research Group for Mood Disorders, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624, Pecs, Hungary. .,Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.
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González LF, Bevilacqua LE, Naves R. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Strategies to Repair the Mitochondrial Function in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2055. [PMID: 34959337 PMCID: PMC8707316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles in eukaryotic cells that control diverse physiological processes related to energy production, calcium homeostasis, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. Several studies have demonstrated that structural and functional mitochondrial disturbances are involved in the development of different neuroinflammatory (NI) and neurodegenerative (ND) diseases (NI&NDDs) such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Remarkably, counteracting mitochondrial impairment by genetic or pharmacologic treatment ameliorates neurodegeneration and clinical disability in animal models of these diseases. Therefore, the development of nanosystems enabling the sustained and selective delivery of mitochondria-targeted drugs is a novel and effective strategy to tackle NI&NDDs. In this review, we outline the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, altered mitophagy, oxidative stress, energy deficit, and proteinopathies in NI&NDDs. In addition, we review different strategies for selective mitochondria-specific ligand targeting and discuss novel nanomaterials, nanozymes, and drug-loaded nanosystems developed to repair mitochondrial function and their therapeutic benefits protecting against oxidative stress, restoring cell energy production, preventing cell death, inhibiting protein aggregates, and improving motor and cognitive disability in cellular and animal models of different NI&NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Naves
- Immunology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (L.F.G.); (L.E.B.)
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36
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Vaccari C, Grotto D, Pereira TDV, de Camargo JLV, Lopes LC. GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Translational systematic review and meta-analysis protocol of clinical and preclinical studies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255726. [PMID: 34383800 PMCID: PMC8360366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive multifactorial neurodegenerative condition. Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM2) are at increased risk for developing PD, indicating a possible insulin-modulating role in this latter condition. We hypothesized that drugs similar to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), used in the treatment of T2DM2, may play a role in PD. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze data of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 and GIP drugs in the treatment of PD. METHODS Two reviewers will independently evaluate the studies available in the Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cinahl, and Lilacs databases. Preclinical rodent or non-human primate studies and randomized controlled human clinical trials will be included, without language or publication period restrictions. Outcomes of interest in preclinical studies will be primarily locomotor improvements and adverse effects in animal models of PD. For clinical trials, we will evaluate clinical improvements rated by the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-parts I, II, III, and IV, and adverse effects. The risk of bias of preclinical studies will be assessed by the SYRCLE tool and CAMARADES checklist and the clinical studies by the Cochrane tool; the certainty of the evidence will be rated by GRADE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION There is an urge for new PD treatments that may slow the progression of the disease rather than just restoring dopamine levels. This study will comprehensively review and update the state of the art of what is known about incretin hormones and PD and highlight the strengths and limitations of translating preclinical data to the clinic whenever possible. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42020223435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vaccari
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- Graduate Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago da V. Pereira
- Applied Health Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luciane C. Lopes
- Graduate Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Current Therapies in Clinical Trials of Parkinson's Disease: A 2021 Update. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080717. [PMID: 34451813 PMCID: PMC8398928 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that currently has no cure, but treatments are available to improve PD symptoms and maintain quality of life. In 2020, about 10 million people worldwide were living with PD. In 1970, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the drug levodopa as a dopamine replacement to manage PD motor symptoms; levodopa-carbidopa combination became commercialized in 1975. After over 50 years of use, levodopa is still the gold standard for PD treatment. Unfortunately, levodopa therapy-induced dyskinesia and OFF symptoms remain unresolved. Therefore, we urgently need to analyze each current clinical trial's status and therapeutic strategy to discover new therapeutic approaches for PD treatment. We surveyed 293 registered clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov from 2008 to 16 June 2021. After excluded levodopa/carbidopa derivative add-on therapies, we identified 47 trials as PD treatment drugs or therapies. Among them, 19 trials are in phase I (41%), 25 trials are in phase II (53%), and 3 trials are in phase III (6%). The three phase-III trials use embryonic dopamine cell implant, 5-HT1A receptor agonist (sarizotan), and adenosine A2A receptor antagonist (caffeine). The therapeutic strategy of each trial shows 29, 5, 1, 5, 5, and 2 trials use small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, plasma therapy, cell therapy, gene therapy, and herbal extract, respectively. Additionally, we discuss the most potent drug or therapy among these trials. By systematically updating the current trial status and analyzing the therapeutic strategies, we hope this review can provide new ideas and insights for PD therapy development.
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Tong ZW, Xie XH, Wang TT, Lu M, Jiao RH, Ge HM, Hu G, Tan RX. Acautalides A-C, Neuroprotective Diels-Alder Adducts from Solid-State Cultivated Acaulium sp. H-JQSF. Org Lett 2021; 23:5587-5591. [PMID: 34190564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state cultivation of Acaulium sp. H-JQSF isolated from Armadillidium vulgare produces acautalides A-C (1-3) as skeletally unprecedented Diels-Alder adducts of a 14-membered macrodiolide to an octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid. The acautalide structures, along with the intramolecular transesterifications of 1-acylglycerols, were elucidated by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical transformation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1-3 were found to be neuroprotective with antiparkinsonic potential in the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-challenged nematode model, with the magnitude impacted by the glycerol esterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Hong Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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39
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Çiğ B, Derouiche S, Jiang LH. Editorial: Emerging Roles of TRP Channels in Brain Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705196. [PMID: 34164407 PMCID: PMC8215651 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Çiğ
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, Kirşehir, Turkey
| | - Sandra Derouiche
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Dash PK, Gorantla S, Poluektova L, Hasan M, Waight E, Zhang C, Markovic M, Edagwa B, Machhi J, Olson KE, Wang X, Mosley RL, Kevadiya B, Gendelman HE. Humanized Mice for Infectious and Neurodegenerative disorders. Retrovirology 2021; 18:13. [PMID: 34090462 PMCID: PMC8179712 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice model human disease and as such are used commonly for research studies of infectious, degenerative and cancer disorders. Recent models also reflect hematopoiesis, natural immunity, neurobiology, and molecular pathways that influence disease pathobiology. A spectrum of immunodeficient mouse strains permit long-lived human progenitor cell engraftments. The presence of both innate and adaptive immunity enables high levels of human hematolymphoid reconstitution with cell susceptibility to a broad range of microbial infections. These mice also facilitate investigations of human pathobiology, natural disease processes and therapeutic efficacy in a broad spectrum of human disorders. However, a bridge between humans and mice requires a complete understanding of pathogen dose, co-morbidities, disease progression, environment, and genetics which can be mirrored in these mice. These must be considered for understanding of microbial susceptibility, prevention, and disease progression. With known common limitations for access to human tissues, evaluation of metabolic and physiological changes and limitations in large animal numbers, studies in mice prove important in planning human clinical trials. To these ends, this review serves to outline how humanized mice can be used in viral and pharmacologic research emphasizing both current and future studies of viral and neurodegenerative diseases. In all, humanized mouse provides cost-effective, high throughput studies of infection or degeneration in natural pathogen host cells, and the ability to test transmission and eradication of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Emiko Waight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhavesh Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Abuirmeileh AN, Abuhamdah SM, Ashraf A, Alzoubi KH. Protective effect of caffeine and/or taurine on the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease: Behavioral and neurochemical evidence. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:149-157. [PMID: 33998560 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine and taurine, which possess neuro-modulatory activity happen to be consumed together as part of the constituents of energy drinks, could have beneficial effects and prevent neuronal deterioration in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate behavioral and neurochemical effects of these two agents in an animal model of PD at two time points to evaluate possible neuro-protective or neuro-modulatory effects. METHODS Stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rat striatum was used to model PD-like behavior in animals. Motor behavior was assessed by a characteristic rotation behavior response to the apomorphine challenge and dopamine levels in the striatum were quantified using HPLC-ED. RESULTS A reduction in apomorphine induced rotations following administration of caffeine and/or taurine as compared to the untreated lesioned group (controls) was shown. Significant decreases in dopamine levels were also seen in the ipsilateral side of 6-OHDA group, this effect was not significantly reversed in caffeine and taurine treated groups. Treatments partially restored the content of DA levels in the lesioned striatum. CONCLUSIONS Current results demonstrated beneficial effects for the combination of caffeine and taurine in PD animal model, suggesting that consumption of both agents could be a new added therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad N Abuirmeileh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Israa University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sawsan M Abuhamdah
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asser Ashraf
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Israa University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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