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Shen S, Zhong H, Zhou X, Li G, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Yang Y. Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine research in diabetic kidney disease treatment. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:222-232. [PMID: 38357845 PMCID: PMC10877659 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2314705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prominent complication arising from diabetic microangiopathy, and its prevalence and renal impact have placed it as the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has the distinct advantage of multifaceted and multilevel therapeutic attributes that show efficacy in improving clinical symptoms, reducing proteinuria, protecting renal function, and slowing DKD progression. Over recent decades, extensive research has explored the mechanisms of TCM for preventing and managing DKD, with substantial studies that endorse the therapeutic benefits of TCM compounds and single agents in the medical intervention of DKD. OBJECTIVE This review lays the foundation for future evidence-based research efforts and provide a reference point for DKD investigation. METHODS The relevant literature published in Chinese and English up to 30 June 2023, was sourced from PubMed, Cochrane Library, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), Wanfang Data, CNKI, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM). The process involved examining and summarizing research on TCM laboratory tests and clinical randomized controlled trials for DKD treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The TCM intervention has shown the potential to inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and various growth factors, lower blood glucose levels, and significantly affect insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and improved renal function. Furthermore, the efficacy of TCM can be optimized by tailoring personalized treatment regimens based on the unique profiles of individual patients. We anticipate further rigorous and comprehensive clinical and foundational investigations into the mechanisms underlying the role of TCM in treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Huiyun Zhong
- School of Medicine and Food, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ziyang People’s Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Chi K, Ji Y, Zhang K, Li P, Fu Z, Wang X, Cui S, Shen W, Cai G, Chen X, Zhu H, Hong Q. IGFBP2 induces podocyte apoptosis promoted by mitochondrial damage via integrin α5/FAK in diabetic kidney disease. Apoptosis 2024; 29:1109-1125. [PMID: 38796567 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis or loss is the pivotal pathological characteristic of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) have a proinflammatory and proapoptotic effect on diseases. Previous studies have shown that serum IGFBP2 level significantly increased in DKD patients, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that IGFBP2 levels obviously increased under a diabetic state and high glucose stimuli. Deficiency of IGFBP2 attenuated the urine protein, renal pathological injury and glomeruli hypertrophy of DKD mice induced by STZ, and knockdown or deletion of IGFBP2 alleviated podocytes apoptosis induced by high concentration of glucose or in DKD mouse. Furthermore, IGFBP2 facilitated apoptosis, which was characterized by increase in inflammation and oxidative stress, by binding with integrin α5 (ITGA5) of podocytes, and then activating the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated mitochondrial injury, including membrane potential decreasing, ROS production increasing. Moreover, ITGA5 knockdown or FAK inhibition attenuated the podocyte apoptosis caused by high glucose or IGFBP2 overexpression. Taken together, these findings unveiled the insight mechanism that IGFBP2 increased podocyte apoptosis by mitochondrial injury via ITGA5/FAK phosphorylation pathway in DKD progression, and provided the potential therapeutic strategies for diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Kun Chi
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuwei Ji
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhangning Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wanjun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Ye Y, Li M, Chen W, Wang H, He X, Liu N, Guo Z, Zheng C. Natural polysaccharides as promising reno-protective agents for the treatment of various kidney injury. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107301. [PMID: 39009291 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Renal injury, a prevalent clinical outcome with multifactorial etiology, imposes a substantial burden on society. Currently, there remains a lack of effective management and treatments. Extensive research has emphasized the diverse biological effects of natural polysaccharides, which exhibit promising potential for mitigating renal damage. This review commences with the pathogenesis of four common renal diseases and the shared mechanisms underlying renal injury. The renoprotective roles of polysaccharides in vivo and in vitro are summarized in the following five aspects: anti-oxidative stress effects, anti-apoptotic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-fibrotic effects, and gut modulatory effects. Furthermore, we explore the structure-activity relationship and bioavailability of polysaccharides in relation to renal injury, as well as investigate their utility as biomaterials for alleviating renal injury. The clinical experiments of polysaccharides applied to patients with chronic kidney disease are also reviewed. Broadly, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on the research direction of natural polysaccharides in the context of renal injury, with the primary aim to serve as a reference for the clinical development of polysaccharides as pharmaceuticals and prebiotics for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ye
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Maoting Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Nephrology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 338 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nanmei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 338 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, Faculty of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Xiao JL, Liu HY, Sun CC, Tang CF. Regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in health and diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:809. [PMID: 39001962 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) functions as a central regulator in modulating the activities of diverse antioxidant enzymes, maintaining cellular redox balance, and responding to oxidative stress (OS). Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) serves as a principal negative modulator in controlling the expression of detoxification and antioxidant genes. It is widely accepted that OS plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. When OS occurs, leading to inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, increased secretion of proteases, and the generation of large quantities of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS). These ROS can oxidize or disrupt DNA, lipids, and proteins either directly or indirectly. They also cause gene mutations, lipid peroxidation, and protein denaturation, all of which can result in disease. The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway regulates the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo, maintains the stability of the intracellular environment, and promotes cell growth and repair. However, the antioxidant properties of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway are reduced in disease. This review overviews the mechanisms of OS generation, the biological properties of Keap1-Nrf2, and the regulatory role of its pathway in health and disease, to explore therapeutic strategies for the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China
| | - Heng-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China
| | - Chen-Chen Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China.
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China.
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Deng J, Wu L. Tirzepatide alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via IL-17 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05066-1. [PMID: 38965127 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation play essential roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tirzepatide (TZP) has a protective effect in diabetes. However, its underlying mechanism in DN remains unclear. DN model mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg), followed by administration of different doses of TZP (3 and 10 nmol/kg) via intraperitoneal injection for 8 weeks. The effects of TZP on DN were evaluated by detecting DN-related biochemical indicators, kidney histopathology, apoptosis, OS, and inflammation levels. Additionally, to further reveal the potential mechanism, we investigated the role of TZP in modulating the IL-17 pathway. TZP reduced serum creatinine (sCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) levels, while simultaneously promoting insulin secretion in diabetic mice. Additionally, TZP attenuated tubular and glomerular injury and reduced renal apoptosis levels. Further studies found that TZP increased the levels of SOD and CAT, and decreased MDA. Meanwhile, TZP also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in both mouse serum and kidney homogenates. TZP effectively inhibited the IL-17 pathway, and subsequent intervention with an IL-17 pathway agonist (IL-17A) reversed the suppressive effects of TZP on OS and inflammation. TZP can improve DN by inhibiting OS and inflammation through the suppression of the IL-17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Division of Cardiac Arrhythmia, Cardiac and Vascular Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 1333 Xinhu Road, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiyong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 1333 Xinhu Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 1333 Xinhu Road, Shenzhen, 518053, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihao Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Science Shenzhen Hospital, No. 4253 Matian Street, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Liu M, Di YM, May B, Zhang AL, Zhang L, Chen J, Wang R, Liu X, Xue CC. Renal protective effects and mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus for diabetic kidney disease in animal models: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155646. [PMID: 38733903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus (AM) shows potential therapeutic benefits for managing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a leading cause of kidney failure with no cure. However, its comprehensive effects on renal outcomes and plausible mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the effects and mechanisms of AM on renal outcomes in DKD animal models. METHODS Seven electronic databases were searched for animal studies until September 2023. Risk of bias was assessed based on SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. Standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) were estimated for the effects of AM on serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albuminuria, histological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and glucolipids. Effects were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was presented as I2. Subgroup analysis investigated treatment- and animal-related factors for renal outcomes. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the results' robustness. RevMan 5.3 and Stata MP 15 software were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Forty studies involving 1543 animals were identified for analysis. AM treatment significantly decreased SCr (MD = -19.12 μmol/l, 95 % CI: -25.02 to -13.23), BUN (MD = -6.72 mmol/l, 95 % CI: -9.32 to -4.12), urinary albumin excretion rate (SMD = -2.74, 95 % CI: -3.57, -1.90), histological changes (SMD = -2.25, 95 % CI: -3.19 to -1.32). AM treatment significantly improved anti-oxidative stress expression (SMD = 1.69, 95 % CI: 0.97 to 2.41), and decreased inflammation biomarkers (SMD = -3.58, 95 % CI: -5.21 to -1.95). AM treatment also decreased fibrosis markers (i.e. TGF-β1, CTGF, collagen IV, Wnt4 and β-catenin) and increased anti-fibrosis marker BMP-7. Blood glucose, lipids and kidney size were also improved compared with the DM control group. CONCLUSION AM could improve renal outcomes and alleviate injury through multiple signaling pathways. This indicates AM may be an option to consider for the development of future DKD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Liu
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuan Ming Di
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia
| | - Brian May
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia.
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Zhou M, Zhang Y, Shi L, Li L, Zhang D, Gong Z, Wu Q. Activation and modulation of the AGEs-RAGE axis: Implications for inflammatory pathologies and therapeutic interventions - A review. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107282. [PMID: 38914383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common foundation for the development of many non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes, atherosclerosis, and tumors. The activation of the axis involving Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and their receptor RAGE is a key promotive factor in the chronic inflammation process, influencing the pathological progression of these diseases. The accumulation of AGEs in the body results from an increase in glycation reactions and oxidative stress, especially pronounced in individuals with diabetes. By binding to RAGE, AGEs activate signaling pathways such as NF-κB, promoting the release of inflammatory factors, exacerbating cell damage and inflammation, and further advancing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and tumor development. This review will delve into the molecular mechanisms by which the AGEs-RAGE axis activates chronic inflammation in the aforementioned diseases, as well as strategies to inhibit the AGEs-RAGE axis, aiming to slow or halt the progression of chronic inflammation and related diseases. This includes the development of AGEs inhibitors, RAGE antagonists, and interventions targeting upstream and downstream signaling pathways. Additionally, the early detection of AGEs levels and RAGE expression as biomarkers provides new avenues for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Wuhan Caidian District Public Inspection and Testing Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, PR China
| | - Liangchao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Hubei Standardization and Quality Institute, Wuhan,Hubei 430068, PR China
| | - Zihao Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
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Yang Y, Liu J, Shi Q, Guo B, Jia H, Yang Y, Fu S. Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease: New Perspectives from Mechanism to Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:733. [PMID: 38927136 PMCID: PMC11201432 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease around the world. Mitochondria are the main organelles responsible for producing energy in cells and are closely involved in maintaining normal organ function. Studies have found that a high-sugar environment can damage glomeruli and tubules and trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, animal experiments have shown that DKD symptoms are alleviated when mitochondrial damage is targeted, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is inextricably linked to the development of DKD. This article describes the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression and onset of DKD. The relationship between DKD and mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed. At the same time, the progress of DKD treatment targeting mitochondrial dysfunction is summarized. We hope to provide new insights into the progress and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiling Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Buyu Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hanbing Jia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Endocrine Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li L, Zou J, Zhou M, Li H, Zhou T, Liu X, Huang Q, Yang S, Xiang Q, Yu R. Phenylsulfate-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes are ameliorated by Astragaloside IV activation of the SIRT1/PGC1α /Nrf1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117008. [PMID: 38901196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) exhibits diverse biological activities. Despite this, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which AS-IV ameliorates diabetic nephropathy (DN) and shields podocytes from oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction remain poorly understood. In this study, we used biochemical assays, histopathological analysis, Doppler ultrasound, transmission electron microscopy,flow cytometry, fluorescence staining, and Western blotting and other methods. AS-IV was administered to db/db mice for in vivo experimentation. Our findings indicated that AS-IV treatment significantly reduced diabetes-associated markers, proteinuria, and kidney damage. It also diminished ROS levels in the kidney, enhanced the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and improved mitochondrial health. Phenyl sulfate (PS), a protein-bound uremic solute of enteric origin, has been closely linked with DN and represents a promising avenue for further research. In vitro, PS exposure induced OS and mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes, increasing ROS levels while decreasing antioxidant enzyme activity (Catalase, Heme Oxygenase-1, Superoxide Dismutase, and Glutathione Peroxidase). ROS inhibitors (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) as the positive control group can significantly reduce the levels of ROS and restore antioxidant enzymes protein levels. Additionally, PS reduced markers associated with mitochondrial biosynthesis and function (SIRT1, PGC1α, Nrf1, and TFAM). These adverse effects were partially reversed by AS-IV treatment. However, co-treatment with AS-IV and the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 failed to restore these indicators. Overall, our study demonstrates that AS-IV effectively attenuates DN and mitigates PS-induced OS and mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes via the SIRT1/PGC1α/Nrf1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Junju Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Tongyi Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Qiuqing Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Shiyao Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Rong Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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10
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Padhye-Pendse A, Umrani R, Paknikar K, Jadhav S, Rajwade J. Zinc oxide nanoparticles prevent the onset of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting multiple pathways associated with oxidative stress. Life Sci 2024; 347:122667. [PMID: 38670449 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc deficiency is strongly correlated with prolonged diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previously, glucose-lowering, insulinomimetic, and β-cell proliferative activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZON) have been reported. Considering these pleiotropic effects, we hypothesized that ZON modulates multiple cellular pathways associated with necroptosis, inflammation, and renal fibrosis, which are involved in progressive loss of renal function. AIM This study evaluated the effect of ZON on renal function, leading to the alleviation of DN in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic Wistar rats and proposed a probable mechanism for its activity. METHODS Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used as healthy controls, diabetic controls, diabetic rats treated with ZON (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg), and insulin controls. Urine and serum biochemical parameters, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal histology were also evaluated. Cultured E11 podocytes were evaluated in vitro for markers of oxidative stress, proteins associated with the loss of renal function, and genes associated with renal damage. KEY FINDINGS STZ-treated rats receiving oral doses of ZON showed enhanced renal function, with no histological alterations in the kidney tissue. ZON inhibited the TGF-β/Samd3 pathway in renal fibrosis; blocked Ripk1/Ripk3/Mlkl mediated necroptosis and protected against hyperglycemia-induced pyroptosis. In E11 podocytes, ZON reduced oxidative stress under high glucose conditions and retained podocyte-specific proteins. SIGNIFICANCE A probable mechanism by which ZON prevents DN has been proposed, suggesting its use as a complementary therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the in vitro effects of ZON in cultured podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Padhye-Pendse
- Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rinku Umrani
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Sachin Jadhav
- Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyutika Rajwade
- Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Li Q, Wang Y, Yan J, Yuan R, Zhang J, Guo X, Zhao M, Li F, Li X. Osthole ameliorates early diabetic kidney damage by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112131. [PMID: 38669945 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osthole is a natural active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Cnidium monnieri. It has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. However, its effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the preventive and therapeutic effects of osthole on DKD and investigate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS A streptozotocin/high-fat and high-sucrose diet induced Type 2 diabetic rat model was established. Metformin served as the positive drug control. Diabetic rats were treated with metformin or three different doses of osthole for 8 weeks. Throughout the treatment period, the progression of DKD was assessed by monitoring increases in urinary protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid, along with scrutinizing kidney pathology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels. At the same time, immunohistochemical staining was utilized to evaluate changes in alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, E-cadherin, and apoptosis. The alterations in TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway were ascertained through western blot and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we constructed a high glucose-stimulated HBZY-1 cells model to uncover its molecular protective mechanism. RESULTS Osthole significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, urinary protein excretion, and glomerular mesangial matrix deposition in diabetic rats. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis levels. The increase of ROS, apoptosis and hypertrophy in HBZY-1 cells induced by high glucose was reduced by osthole. Immunofluorescence and western blot results demonstrated that osthole down-regulated the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway and related protein expression. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that osthole exhibits potential preventive and therapeutic effects on DKD. It deserves further investigation as a promising drug for preventing and treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinhao Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xiaotian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Environment and Health of Henan, College of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 451150, China.
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12
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Jha R, Lopez-Trevino S, Kankanamalage HR, Jha JC. Diabetes and Renal Complications: An Overview on Pathophysiology, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Interventions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1098. [PMID: 38791060 PMCID: PMC11118045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. DKD is characterised by injury to both glomerular and tubular compartments, leading to kidney dysfunction over time. It is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Persistent high blood glucose levels can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste and fluids from the blood effectively. Other factors like high blood pressure (hypertension), genetics, and lifestyle habits can also contribute to the development and progression of DKD. The key features of renal complications of diabetes include morphological and functional alterations to renal glomeruli and tubules leading to mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, homogenous thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), albuminuria, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and progressive decline in renal function. In advanced stages, DKD may require treatments such as dialysis or kidney transplant to sustain life. Therefore, early detection and proactive management of diabetes and its complications are crucial in preventing DKD and preserving kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Jha
- Kansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Wichita, KS 67202, USA;
| | - Sara Lopez-Trevino
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Haritha R. Kankanamalage
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jay C. Jha
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Lou D, Fang Q, He Y, Ma R, Wang X, Li H, Qi M. Oxymatrine alleviates high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6 J mice by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116491. [PMID: 38537582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a complex complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxymatrine (OMT) is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens with broad pharmacological effects. However, there is currently a lack of research on OMT in the field of NAFLD. The present study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of oxymatrine in treating T2DM with NAFLD. The T2DM mice model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection in male C57BL/6 J mice. Animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): Control group, DC group, OMT-L group (45 mg/kg i.g.), and OMT-H group (90 mg/kg, i.g.). The drug was administered once a day for 8 weeks. In addition, HepG2 hepatocytes were incubated with palmitic acid (PA) to establish a fatty liver cell model. Treated with OMT, the body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of DC mice were reduced and the liver organ coefficient was significantly optimized. Meanwhile, OMT markedly enhanced the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by noticeable improvements in liver histopathology. Furthermore, OMT down-regulated the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen I significantly, highlighting its potential in modulating inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. In conclusion, OMT improved liver impairment effectively in diabetic mice by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. These results suggest that OMT may represent a novel therapy for NAFLD with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lou
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yinghao He
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ruyu Ma
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Minyou Qi
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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14
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Zheng X, Xue Q, Wang Y, Lu L, Pan Y, Xu J, Zhang J. A. officinarum Hance - P. cablin (Blanco) Benth drug pair improves oxidative stress, intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations and apoptosis by inhibiting the AGE/RAGE axis to ameliorate diabetic gastroparesis: In vitro and in vivo studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117832. [PMID: 38280660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alpinia officinarum Hance is a perennial natural medicine herbivorous plant, has been used in the management of treat stomach pain and diabetes, it is abundantly cultivated in Qiongzhong, Baisha and other places. P. cablin (Blanco) Benth, one of the most important traditional Chinese plants, which plays functions in antioxidant and gastrointestinal regulation, has been extensively planted in Hainan, Guangdong and other regions. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the role and underlying molecular mechanism of AP on diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to identify active compounds in A. officinarum Hance-P. cablin (Blanco) Benth drug pair (AP). Molecular docking were utilized to explore the potential mechanism of AP treatment of DGP. In in vitro assays, gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMCs) were treated with 35 mM glucose to promote apoptosis and construct the DGP model, which was treated with different concentrations of AP. Furthermore, transfection technology was used to overexpress RAGE in GSMCs and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of alleviation of DGP by AP. RESULTS Using UPLC-MS/MS analysis, nine components of AP were identified. We found that AP effectively blocked the increase in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. For in vivo experiments, mice were fed with a high-fat irregular diet to construct DGP model, and AP was co-administered via oral gavage daily to prevent the development of DGP. Compared with DGP mice, AP significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels and increased gastric emptying levels. Consistent with in vitro experiments, AP also considerably decreased the increase in oxidative stress in DGP mice. Mechanistically, AP alleviates apoptosis and DGP by decreasing oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations via the inhibition of the AGE/RAGE axis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study has established that AP can improve DGP, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition the AGE/RAGE axis to mitigate apoptosis and DGP. To summarize, this study provides a novel supplementary strategy for DGP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Qianrong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Yinghuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Yipeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Department of Hainan Digestive Disease Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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15
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Al-Hussan R, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Almasri SA, Alfayez FF, Yahya MA. Phloretamide Protects against Diabetic Kidney Damage and Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats by Attenuating Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia, Suppressing NF-κβ, and Upregulating Nrf2. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38675166 PMCID: PMC11053512 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Potent hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects were recently reported for the apple-derived phenolic compound phloretamide (PLTM). The renoprotective effects of this compound are yet to be shown. This study aimed to examine the potential of PLTM to prevent diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and to examine the possible mechanisms of protection. Non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic male rats were treated orally by gavage with either the vehicle or with PTLM (200 mg/kg; twice/week) for 12 weeks. PTLM significantly increased urine volume and prevented glomerular and tubular damage and vacuolization in STZ-diabetic rats. It also increased creatinine excretion and reduced urinary albumin levels and the renal levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and nephrin in the diabetic rats. PTLM also prevented an increase in the nuclear levels of NF-κβ, as well as the total levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), caspase-3, and Bax in the kidneys of diabetic rats. These effects were associated with reduced serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In both the control and diabetic rats, PTLM significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose and enhanced the renal mRNA and cytoplasmic levels of Nrf2, as well as the levels of Bcl2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). However, PTLM failed to alter the cytoplasmic levels of keap1 in diabetic rats. In conclusion, PTLM prevents renal damage and dysfunction in STZ-diabetic rats through its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, as well as through its antioxidant potential, which is mediated by activating the Nrf2/antioxidant axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Al-Hussan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soheir A Almasri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Fayez Alfayez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Spoto B, Politi C, Postorino M, Parlongo RM, Testa A, Tripepi GL, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Role of kidney function on Nrf2 mRNA levels in type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e003929. [PMID: 38575156 PMCID: PMC11002371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication in patients with diabetes and the main contributor to the chronic kidney disease (CKD) global burden. Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in DKD pathogenesis but the role of the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its molecular regulators has been poorly investigated in man. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this case-control study, we analyzed the roles of Nrf2, a transcription factor shielding cells from oxidative stress, its repressor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and six microRNAs (miRNAs) that potentially suppress Nrf2. We categorized 99 participants into 3 groups: 33 non-dialysis patients with type 2 diabetes with DKD, 33 patients with type 2 diabetes without DKD and 33 control subjects and quantified the gene expression (messenger RNA (mRNA)) levels of Nrf2, Keap1 and 6 miRNAs. Moreover, we studied the correlation between gene expression levels and clinical indicators of kidney health. RESULTS In patients with diabetes with DKD, Nrf2 mRNA levels were significantly lower than in patients without DKD (p=0.01) and controls (p=0.02), whereas no difference in Nrf2 expression levels existed between patients without DKD and controls. Conversely, in patients with and without DKD, Keap1 expression levels were significantly higher than in controls. Of the six miRNAs studied, miRNA 30e-5p showed differential expression, being markedly reduced in patients with DKD (p=0.007). Nrf2 mRNA levels directly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with DKD (r=0.34, p=0.05) and in a formal mediation analysis the eGFR emerged as the first factor in rank for explaining the difference in Nrf2 mRNA levels between patients with and without DKD. CONCLUSIONS The observed dysregulation in the Nrf2-Keap1 axis and the unique expression pattern of miRNA30e-5p in DKD underscore the need for more focused research in this domain that can help identify novel intervention strategies for DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Spoto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Reggio Calabria Branch National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Cristina Politi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Reggio Calabria Branch National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Maurizio Postorino
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit (GOM-BMM), Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Parlongo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Reggio Calabria Branch National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alessandra Testa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Reggio Calabria Branch National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luigi Tripepi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Reggio Calabria Branch National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Reggio Calabria Branch National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit (GOM-BMM), Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute New York, New York, New York, USA
- BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Alhujaily M. Molecular Assessment of Methylglyoxal-Induced Toxicity and Therapeutic Approaches in Various Diseases: Exploring the Interplay with the Glyoxalase System. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38398772 PMCID: PMC10890012 DOI: 10.3390/life14020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate interplay of methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxalase 1 (GLO I) in various physiological and pathological contexts. The linchpin of the narrative revolves around the role of these small molecules in age-related issues, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Methylglyoxal, a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, takes center stage, becoming a principal player in the development of AGEs and contributing to cell and tissue dysfunction. The dual facets of GLO I-activation and inhibition-unfold as potential therapeutic avenues. Activators, spanning synthetic drugs like candesartan to natural compounds like polyphenols and isothiocyanates, aim to restore GLO I function. These molecular enhancers showcase promising outcomes in conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and beyond. On the contrary, GLO I inhibitors emerge as crucial players in cancer treatment, offering new possibilities in diseases associated with inflammation and multidrug resistance. The symphony of small molecules, from GLO I activators to inhibitors, presents a nuanced understanding of MG regulation. From natural compounds to synthetic drugs, each element contributes to a molecular orchestra, promising novel interventions and personalized approaches in the pursuit of health and wellbeing. The abstract concludes with an emphasis on the necessity of rigorous clinical trials to validate these findings and acknowledges the importance of individual variability in the complex landscape of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Alhujaily
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Liu PY, Hong KF, Liu YD, Sun ZY, Zhao TT, Li XL, Lao CC, Tan SF, Zhang HY, Zhao YH, Xie Y, Xu YH. Total flavonoids of Astragalus protects glomerular filtration barrier in diabetic kidney disease. Chin Med 2024; 19:27. [PMID: 38365794 PMCID: PMC10870499 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Recent evidence suggests that total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA) has promising effects on diabetes; however, its influence on DKD and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we induced the DKD model using streptozotocin (STZ) in male C57BL/6J mice and utilized glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) lines for in vitro investigations. We constructed a network pharmacology analysis to understand the mechanism of TFA in DKD. The mechanism of TFA action on DKD was investigated through Western blot analysis and multi-immunological methods. RESULTS Our findings revealed that TFA significantly reduced levels of urinary albumin (ALB). Network pharmacology and intracellular pathway experiments indicated the crucial involvement of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in mediating these effects. In vitro experiments showed that TFA can preserve the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-alpha and IL-8, reducing oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that TFA can ameliorates the progression of DKD by ameliorating renal fibrosis and preserving the integrity of the kidney filtration barrier. These results provide pharmacological evidence supporting the use of TFA in the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Kin-Fong Hong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Di Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yan Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ling Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Chou Lao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Tan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - You-Hua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Swaminathan SM, Rao IR, Bhojaraja MV, Attur RP, Nagri SK, Rangaswamy D, Shenoy SV, Nagaraju SP. Role of novel biomarker monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 in early diagnosis & predicting progression of diabetic kidney disease: A comprehensive review. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:33-44. [PMID: 38195327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most devastating complication of diabetes mellitus. Identification of patients at the early stages of progression may reduce the disease burden. The limitation of conventional markers such as serum creatinine and proteinuria intensify the need for novel biomarkers. The traditional paradigm of DKD pathogenesis has expanded to the activation of the immune system and inflammatory pathways. Monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is extensively studied, as a key inflammatory mediator that modulates the development of DKD. Recent evidence supports the diagnostic role of MCP-1 in patients with or without proteinuria in DKD, as well as a significant role in the early prediction and risk stratification of DKD. In this review, we will summarize and update present evidence for MCP-1 for diagnostic ability and predicting the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilna Muttickal Swaminathan
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Indu Ramachandra Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohan V Bhojaraja
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra Prabhu Attur
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dharshan Rangaswamy
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Vinayak Shenoy
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India.
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20
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Jiang Y, Li Z, Yue R, Liu G, Yang M, Long C, Yan D. Evidential support for garlic supplements against diabetic kidney disease: a preclinical meta-analysis and systematic review. Food Funct 2024; 15:12-36. [PMID: 38051214 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02407e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a popular spice that is widely used for food and medicinal purposes and has shown potential effects on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nevertheless, systematic preclinical studies are still lacking. In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we evaluated the role and potential mechanisms of action of garlic and its derived components in animal models of DKD. We searched eight databases for relevant studies from the establishment of the databases to December 2022 and updated in April 2023 before the completion of this review. A total of 24 trials were included in the meta-analysis. It provided preliminary evidence that supplementing with garlic could improve the indicators of renal function (BUN, Scr, 24 h urine volume, proteinuria, and KI) and metabolic disorders (BG, insulin, and body weight). Meanwhile, the beneficial effects of garlic and its components in DKD could be related to alleviating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory reactions, delaying renal fibrosis, and improving glucose metabolism. Furthermore, time-dose interval analysis exhibited relatively greater effectiveness when garlic products were supplied at doses of 500 mg kg-1 with interventions lasting 8-10 weeks, and garlic components were administered at doses of 45-150 mg kg-1 with interventions lasting 4-10 weeks. This meta-analysis and systematic review highlights for the first time the therapeutic potential of garlic supplementation in animal models of DKD and offers a more thorough evaluation of its effects and mechanisms to establish an evidence-based basis for designing future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zihan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Guojie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Caiyi Long
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dawei Yan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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21
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Halliwell B. Understanding mechanisms of antioxidant action in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:13-33. [PMID: 37714962 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Several different reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in vivo. They have roles in the development of certain human diseases whilst also performing physiological functions. ROS are counterbalanced by an antioxidant defence network, which functions to modulate ROS levels to allow their physiological roles whilst minimizing the oxidative damage they cause that can contribute to disease development. This Review describes the mechanisms of action of antioxidants synthesized in vivo, antioxidants derived from the human diet and synthetic antioxidants developed as therapeutic agents, with a focus on the gaps in our current knowledge and the approaches needed to close them. The Review also explores the reasons behind the successes and failures of antioxidants in treating or preventing human disease. Antioxidants may have special roles in the gastrointestinal tract, and many lifestyle features known to promote health (especially diet, exercise and the control of blood glucose and cholesterol levels) may be acting, at least in part, by antioxidant mechanisms. Certain reactive sulfur species may be important antioxidants but more accurate determinations of their concentrations in vivo are needed to help assess their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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22
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Ghavidel F, Amiri H, Tabrizi MH, Alidadi S, Hosseini H, Sahebkar A. The Combinational Effect of Inulin and Resveratrol on the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Level in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102059. [PMID: 38292928 PMCID: PMC10826146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Using inulin can enhance resveratrol's effects by improving the intestinal microbiome and the stability of resveratrol. Objectives We aimed to investigate the effect of therapeutic intervention with combined inulin and resveratrol on kidney function in diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Afterward, rats were divided into 6 groups: control, diabetic without treatment, diabetic treated with insulin, diabetic treated with resveratrol, diabetic treated with inulin, and diabetic treated with a combination of inulin and resveratrol. After 10 wk, the creatinine, urea, insulin, urinary proteins, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Pathologic changes were examined in kidney tissues. Results Renal dysfunction, accompanied by increased inflammation and oxidative stress, was observed. Our results showed that treatment with resveratrol and inulin had antidiabetic effects and was associated with reduced renal dysfunction, oxidative stress, and kidney inflammation. In addition, it was observed that combined treatment with inulin and resveratrol outperformed monotherapies in improving kidney function and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusions Treatment with resveratrol and inulin can have renoprotective effects by improving oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney tissues. Therefore, employing these 2 compounds is suggested as an inexpensive and available method for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ghavidel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Amiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Soodeh Alidadi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Ribeiro M, Cardozo LF, Paiva BR, Baptista BG, Fanton S, Alvarenga L, Lima LS, Britto I, Nakao LS, Fouque D, Ribeiro-Alves M, Mafra D. Sulforaphane Supplementation Did Not Modulate NRF2 and NF-kB mRNA Expressions in Hemodialysis Patients. J Ren Nutr 2024; 34:68-75. [PMID: 37619675 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced expression of erythroid nuclear factor-related factor 2 (NRF2) and increased nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). "Food as medicine" has been proposed as an adjuvant therapeutic alternative in modulating these factors. No studies have investigated the effects of sulforaphane (SFN) in cruciferous vegetables on the expression of these genes in patients with CKD. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the effects of SFN on the expression of NRF2 and NF-κB in patients on hemodialysis (HD). DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, crossover study was performed on 30 patients on regular HD. Fourteen patients were randomly allocated to the intervention group (1 sachet/day of 2.5 g containing 1% SFN extract with 0.5% myrosinase) and 16 patients to the placebo group (1 sachet/day of 2.5 g containing corn starch colored with chlorophyll) for 2 months. After a washout period of 2 months, the groups were switched. NRF2 and NF-κB mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde was evaluated as a marker of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS Twenty-five patients (17 women, 55 [interquartile range = 19] years and 55 [interquartile range = 74] months on HD) completed the study. There was no significant difference concerning the expression of mRNA NRF2 (P = .915) and mRNA NF-κB (P = .806) after supplementation with SFN. There was no difference in pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. CONCLUSION 150 μmol of SFN for 2 months had no antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in patients with CKD undergoing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Fmf Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna R Paiva
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Germer Baptista
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Susane Fanton
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ligia Soares Lima
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isadora Britto
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia S Nakao
- Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Department of Basic Pathology, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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24
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Athari SZ, Mirzaei Bavil F, Keyhanmanesh R, Lotfi H, Sajed Y, Delkhosh A, Ghiasi F. Voluntary exercise improves pulmonary inflammation through NF-κB and Nrf2 in type 2 diabetic male rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:74-80. [PMID: 38164478 PMCID: PMC10722479 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.70416.15307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of voluntary exercise as an anti-inflammatory intervention on the pulmonary levels of inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic male rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=7), including control (Col), diabetic (Dia), voluntary exercise (Exe), and diabetic with voluntary exercise (Dia+Exe). Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet (4 weeks) and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg), and animals did training on the running wheel for 10 weeks as voluntary exercise. Finally, the rats were euthanized and the lung tissues were sampled for the evaluation of the levels of pulmonary interleukin (IL)-10, IL-11, and TNF-α using ELISA, and the protein levels of Nrf-2 and NF-κB using western blotting and tissue histopathological analysis. Results Diabetes reduced the IL-10, IL-11, and Nrf2 levels (P<0.001 to P<0.01) and increased the levels of TNF-α and NF-κB compared to the Col group (P<0.001). Lung tissue levels of IL-10, IL-11, and Nrf2 in the Dia+Exe group enhanced compared to the Dia group (P<0.001 to P<0.05), however; the TNF-α and NF-κB levels decreased (P<0.001). The level of pulmonary Nrf2 in the Dia+Exe group was lower than that of the Exe group while the NF-κB level increased (P<0.001). Moreover, diabetes caused histopathological changes in lung tissue which improved with exercise in the Dia+Exe group. Conclusion These findings showed that voluntary exercise could improve diabetes-induced pulmonary complications by ameliorating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zanyar Athari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Mirzaei Bavil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Yousef Sajed
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aref Delkhosh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Pathology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghiasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Tan SK, Pinzon-Cortes JA, Cooper ME. Novel pharmacological interventions for diabetic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:13-25. [PMID: 37889557 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest evidence on the prevention and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as well as novel pharmacological interventions from preclinical and early clinical studies with promising findings in the reduction of this condition's burden. RECENT FINDINGS We will cover the latest evidence on the reduction of proteinuria and kidney function decline in DKD achieved through established renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) system blockade and the more recent addition of SGLT2i, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and GLP1-RA, that combined will most likely integrate the mainstay for current DKD treatment. We also highlight evidence from new mechanisms of action in DKD, including other haemodynamic anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic interventions, oxidative stress modulators and cell identity and epigenetic targets. SUMMARY Renal specific outcome trials have become more popular and are increasing the available armamentarium to diminish the progression of renal decline in patients at greater risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) such as diabetic individuals. A combined pharmaceutical approach based on available rigorous studies should include RAAS blockade, SGLT2 inhibitors, nonsteroidal MRA and expectedly GLP1-RA on a personalized based-intervention. New specific trials designed to address renal outcomes will be needed for innovative therapies to conclude on their potential benefits in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Kiong Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jairo A Pinzon-Cortes
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Chae SY, Kim Y, Park CW. Oxidative Stress Induced by Lipotoxicity and Renal Hypoxia in Diabetic Kidney Disease and Possible Therapeutic Interventions: Targeting the Lipid Metabolism and Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2083. [PMID: 38136203 PMCID: PMC10740440 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a hallmark pathophysiological feature in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), arises from the intricate interplay between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. While hyperglycemia has been well established as a key contributor, lipotoxicity emerges as a significant instigator of oxidative stress. Lipotoxicity encompasses the accumulation of lipid intermediates, culminating in cellular dysfunction and cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying lipotoxic kidney injury in DKD still require further investigation. The key role of cell metabolism in the maintenance of cell viability and integrity in the kidney is of paramount importance to maintain proper renal function. Recently, dysfunction in energy metabolism, resulting from an imbalance in oxygen levels in the diabetic condition, may be the primary pathophysiologic pathway driving DKD. Therefore, we aim to shed light on the pivotal role of oxidative stress related to lipotoxicity and renal hypoxia in the initiation and progression of DKD. Multifaceted mechanisms underlying lipotoxicity, including oxidative stress with mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress activated by the unfolded protein response pathway, pro-inflammation, and impaired autophagy, are delineated here. Also, we explore potential therapeutic interventions for DKD, targeting lipotoxicity- and hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. These interventions focus on ameliorating the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation within the kidney and enhancing renal metabolism in the face of lipid overload or ameliorating subsequent oxidative stress. This review highlights the significance of lipotoxicity, renal hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, and its potential for therapeutic intervention in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yun Chae
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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27
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Tan SK, Cooper ME. Is clinical trial data showing positive progress for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:217-226. [PMID: 37897430 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2277762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seng Kiong Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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28
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Wang T, Li C, Wang X, Liu F. MAGI2 ameliorates podocyte apoptosis of diabetic kidney disease through communication with TGF-β-Smad3/nephrin pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23305. [PMID: 37950637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301058r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes, the key component of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), are gradually lost during the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), severely compromising kidney functionality. The molecular mechanisms regulating the survival of podocytes in DKD are incompletely understood. Here, we show that membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI2) is specifically expressed in renal podocytes, and promotes podocyte survival in DKD. We found that MAGI2 expression was downregulated in podocytes cultured with high-glucose in vitro, and in kidneys of db/db mice as well as DKD patients. Conversely, we found enforced expression of MAGI2 via AAV transduction protected podocytes from apoptosis, with concomitant improvement of renal functions. Mechanistically, we found that MAGI2 deficiency induced by high glucose levels activates TGF-β signaling to decrease the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. These results indicate that MAGI2 protects podocytes from cell death, and can be harnessed therapeutically to improve renal function in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingli Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, School of medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou Y, Chen Z, Zhou H, Niu B, Liu J, Li Y, Mi Y, Li P. ACT001 Alleviates chronic kidney injury induced by a high-fat diet in mice through the GPR43/AMPK pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:198. [PMID: 37978497 PMCID: PMC10657122 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly 10 -15% of global populace suffer from Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD). A major secondary disease that can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is obesity-associated kidney disease (ORG). Although clinical management strategies are currently available, morbidity and mortality rates are increasing. Thus, new solutions are needed. Intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, and aberrant intestinal metabolites have all been linked to ORG. PURPOSE ACT001 has anti-inflammatory, redox-regulatory and antitumour activities. The current study was designed to examine how ACT001 affects ORG and analyze the fundamental processes. METHODS A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to generate ORG in female C57BL/6 J mice. ORG mice were divided into three groups at random: HFD, HFD + ACT001, HFD + polyphosphocholine (PPC). To assess renal and colonic damage, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were used. Following that, renal inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid deposition, colonic inflammation, and intestinal permeability were evaluated by protein blotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Lastly, the SCFAs content was assessed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. RESULTS Mice in the HFD group displayed more severe albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, renal oxidative damage, inflammation, and lipid accumulation than mice with the normal diet (ND) group, as well as lower levels of intestinal SCFA valproic acid, colonic inflammation, and tight junction protein downregulation. ACT001 treatment restores the content of valproic acid in intestinal SCFAs, promotes the binding of SCFAs to renal GPR43, activates the AMPK signalling pathway. Therefore, it promotes the Nrf2-Keap1 signalling pathway and inhibits the NF-κB signalling pathway. SCFAs, additionally, augment colonic GPR43 concentrations, diminishing NLRP3 inflammasome expression and restoring ZO-1 and occludin protein levels. CONCLUSION This study is the first to look at ACT001's potential as a treatment for obesity-related kidney disease. Regulating GPR43 and AMPK signalling pathways, By controlling the GPR43 and AMPK signalling pathways, ACT001 improves colitis and the intestinal mucosal barrier, decreases renal lipid deposition, and suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidneys. According to this study, ACT001 could be a viable ORG therapy option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Zhou
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Niu
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqiang Mi
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Liver Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Research Institute of Liver Disease, Tianjin, China.
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Shelke V, Dagar N, Gaikwad AB. Phloretin as an add-on therapy to losartan attenuates diabetes-induced AKI in rats: A potential therapeutic approach targeting TLR4-induced inflammation. Life Sci 2023; 332:122095. [PMID: 37722590 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) could provide renoprotection during acute kidney injury (AKI) mainly by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Phloretin (TLR4 inhibitor) as an add-on therapy to losartan (AT1R inhibitor) could provide more therapeutic benefits against AKI under diabetic condition. We aimed to study the effect of phloretin as an add-on therapy to losartan against AKI under diabetic condition. MAIN METHODS To mimic diabetic AKI condition, bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (BIRI) was done in diabetic male Wistar rats, and sodium azide treatment was given to high glucose NRK52E cells to mimic hypoxia-reperfusion injury. In diabetic rats, phloretin (50 mg/kg/per os (p.o.)) and losartan (10 mg/kg/p.o.) treatment was given for 4 days and 1 h prior to surgery while in NRK52E cells, both drugs (phloretin 50 μM and losartan 10 μM) were given 24 h prior to the hypoxia condition. The in vivo and in vitro samples were further used for different experiments. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with phloretin and losartan decreased diabetic and AKI biomarkers such as plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and kidney injury molecular 1 (KIM1). Moreover, a combination of phloretin and losartan significantly preserved ΔΨm and kidney morphology potentially by inhibiting TLR4-associated inflammation and AT1R-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby oxidative stress. SIGNIFICANCE Combination therapy of phloretin and losartan was more effective than monotherapies. Both drugs target TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and reduce inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI under diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwadeep Shelke
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Ates I, Yılmaz AD, Buttari B, Arese M, Saso L, Suzen S. A Review of the Potential of Nuclear Factor [Erythroid-Derived 2]-like 2 Activation in Autoimmune Diseases. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1532. [PMID: 38002492 PMCID: PMC10669303 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An autoimmune disease is the consequence of the immune system attacking healthy cells, tissues, and organs by mistake instead of protecting them. Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are well-recognized processes occurring in association with acute or chronic impairment of cell homeostasis. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) is of major importance as the defense instrument against OS and alters anti-inflammatory activities related to different pathological states. Researchers have described Nrf2 as a significant regulator of innate immunity. Growing indications suggest that the Nrf2 signaling pathway is deregulated in numerous diseases, including autoimmune disorders. The advantageous outcome of the pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is an essential part of Nrf2-based chemoprevention and intervention in other chronic illnesses, such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, and chronic kidney and liver disease. Nevertheless, a growing number of investigations have indicated that Nrf2 is already elevated in specific cancer and disease steps, suggesting that the pharmacological agents developed to mitigate the potentially destructive or transformative results associated with the protracted activation of Nrf2 should also be evaluated. The activators of Nrf2 have revealed an improvement in the progress of OS-associated diseases, resulting in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities; by contrast, the depletion of Nrf2 worsens disease progression. These data strengthen the growing attention to the biological properties of Nrf2 and its possible healing power on diseases. The evidence supporting a correlation between Nrf2 signaling and the most common autoimmune diseases is reviewed here. We focus on the aspects related to the possible effect of Nrf2 activation in ameliorating pathologic conditions based on the role of this regulator of antioxidant genes in the control of inflammation and OS, which are processes related to the progression of autoimmune diseases. Finally, the possibility of Nrf2 activation as a new drug development strategy to target pathogenesis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Ates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Didem Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; (A.D.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzae Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Str. No. 4, 06560 Ankara, Turkey; (A.D.Y.); (S.S.)
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Kasai S, Kokubu D, Mizukami H, Itoh K. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species, Insulin Resistance, and Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response-Toward an Actionable Strategy for Anti-Aging. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1544. [PMID: 37892226 PMCID: PMC10605809 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced mainly by mitochondrial respiration and function as signaling molecules in the physiological range. However, ROS production is also associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the etiology of IR and early events, especially mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production in insulin-sensitive tissues. Importantly, IR and/or defective adipogenesis in the white adipose tissues (WAT) is thought to increase free fatty acid and ectopic lipid deposition to develop into systemic IR. Fatty acid and ceramide accumulation mediate coenzyme Q reduction and mtROS production in IR in the skeletal muscle, while coenzyme Q synthesis downregulation is also involved in mtROS production in the WAT. Obesity-related IR is associated with the downregulation of mitochondrial catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the WAT, and the accumulation of BCAA and its metabolites as biomarkers in the blood could reliably indicate future T2D. Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates antioxidant enzyme expression in response to oxidative stress, is downregulated in insulin-resistant tissues. However, Nrf2 inducers, such as sulforaphane, could restore Nrf2 and target gene expression and attenuate IR in multiple tissues, including the WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Daichi Kokubu
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
- Diet & Well-being Research Institute, KAGOME CO., LTD., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
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Hirano SI, Ichikawa Y, Sato B, Takefuji Y, Satoh F. Clinical Use and Treatment Mechanism of Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Various Kidney Diseases including Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2817. [PMID: 37893190 PMCID: PMC10603947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As diabetes rates surge globally, there is a corresponding rise in the number of patients suffering from diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common complication of diabetes. DKD is a significant contributor to chronic kidney disease, often leading to end-stage renal failure. However, the effectiveness of current medical treatments for DKD leaves much to be desired. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an antioxidant that selectively reduces hydroxyl radicals, a reactive oxygen species with a very potent oxidative capacity. Recent studies have demonstrated that H2 not only possesses antioxidant properties but also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, regulates cell lethality, and modulates signal transduction. Consequently, it is now being utilized in clinical applications. Many factors contribute to the onset and progression of DKD, with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation being strongly implicated. Recent preclinical and clinical trials reported that substances with antioxidant properties may slow the progression of DKD. Hence, we undertook a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on animal models and human clinical trials where H2 demonstrated effectiveness against a variety of renal diseases. The collective evidence from this literature review, along with our previous findings, suggests that H2 may have therapeutic benefits for patients with DKD by enhancing mitochondrial function. To substantiate these findings, future large-scale clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Hirano
- Department of Research and Development, MiZ Company Limited, 2-19-15 Ofuna, Kamakura 247-0056, Japan; (Y.I.); (B.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Yusuke Ichikawa
- Department of Research and Development, MiZ Company Limited, 2-19-15 Ofuna, Kamakura 247-0056, Japan; (Y.I.); (B.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Bunpei Sato
- Department of Research and Development, MiZ Company Limited, 2-19-15 Ofuna, Kamakura 247-0056, Japan; (Y.I.); (B.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Yoshiyasu Takefuji
- Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan;
- Faculty of Data Science, Musashino University, 3-3-3 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8181, Japan
| | - Fumitake Satoh
- Department of Research and Development, MiZ Company Limited, 2-19-15 Ofuna, Kamakura 247-0056, Japan; (Y.I.); (B.S.); (F.S.)
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Ding Q, Sun B, Wang M, Li T, Li H, Han Q, Liao J, Tang Z. N-acetylcysteine alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis and prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus through the NRF2/HO-1 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 329:121975. [PMID: 37495077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been linked to the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy. Insulin monotherapy may lead to excessive blood glucose fluctuations. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a clinically employed antioxidant, possesses cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The objective of our study was to evaluate the viability of NAC as a supplementary treatment for T1DM, specifically regarding its therapeutic and preventative impacts on skeletal muscle. MAIN METHODS Here, we used beagles as T1DM model for 120d to explore the mechanism of NRF2/HO-1-mediated skeletal muscle oxidative stress and apoptosis and the therapeutic effects of NAC. Oxidative stress and apoptosis related factors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and RT-qPCR assay. KEY FINDINGS The findings indicated that the co-administration of NAC and insulin led to a reduction in creatine kinase levels, preventing weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. Improvement in the reduction of muscle fiber cross-sectional area. The expression of Atrogin-1, MuRF-1 and MyoD1 was downregulated, while Myh2 and MyoG were upregulated. In addition, CAT and GSH-Px levels were increased, MDA levels were decreased, and redox was maintained at a steady state. The decreased of key factors in the NRF2/HO-1 pathway, including NRF2, HO-1, NQO1, and SOD1, while KEAP1 increased. In addition, the apoptosis key factors Caspase-3, Bax, and Bak1 were found to be downregulated, while Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax, and CytC were upregulated. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrated that NAC and insulin mitigate oxidative stress and apoptosis in T1DM skeletal muscle and prevent skeletal muscle atrophy by activating the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mengran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tingyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huayu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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Li H, Liu X, Zhong H, Fang J, Li X, Shi R, Yu Q. Research progress on the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:372. [PMID: 37697295 PMCID: PMC10494348 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. There are many factors leading to diabetic retinopathy, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. At present, there are still no effective measures for the early treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and the treatment options available when diabetes progresses to advanced stages are very limited, and the treatment results are often unsatisfactory. Detailed studies on the molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic agents are of great importance. This review describes the potential pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy for experimental studies and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiani Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Gao S, Xu T, Yin Y. JAK/STAT signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233259. [PMID: 37635867 PMCID: PMC10450957 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which is out of balance in the context of DKD, acts through a range of metabolism-related cytokines and hormones. JAK/STAT is the primary signaling node in the progression of DKD. The latest research on JAK/STAT signaling helps determine the role of this pathway in the factors associated with DKD progression. These factors include the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), fibrosis, immunity, inflammation, aging, autophagy, and EMT. This review epitomizes the progress in understanding the complicated explanation of the etiologies of DKD and the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the progression of DKD and discusses whether it can be a potential target for treating DKD. It further summarizes the JAK/STAT inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs that are promising for treating DKD and discusses how these inhibitors can alleviate DKD to explore possible potential drugs that will contribute to formulating effective treatment strategies for DKD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenkuan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghui Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Manríquez-Núñez J, Mora O, Villarroya F, Reynoso-Camacho R, Pérez-Ramírez IF, Ramos-Gómez M. Macrophage Activity under Hyperglycemia: A Study of the Effect of Resveratrol and 3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-thione on Potential Polarization. Molecules 2023; 28:5998. [PMID: 37630249 PMCID: PMC10458500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, research is focused on bioactive compounds with the potential to promote macrophage polarization with the aim of reducing the development of inflammatory-related diseases. However, the effect of bioactive compounds under oxidative-stress-induced hyperglycemia on macrophage polarization has been scarcely investigated. RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated under standard (SG) or high glucose (HG) conditions and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10, 60 and 100 ng/mL) to monitor macrophage polarization after resveratrol (RSV) or 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) supplementation (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µM). Under SG and HG conditions without LPS stimulation, RSV significantly decreased macrophage viability at the highest concentration (20 µM), whereas D3T had no or low effect. LPS stimulation at 60 and 100 ng/mL, under SG and HG conditions, increased significantly macrophage viability. Both RSV and D3T significantly decreased NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages under HG condition, whereas only D3T increased GSH levels at 100 ng/mL and normalized MDA values at 60 ng/mL of LPS under HG condition. Under 60 ng/mL LPS stimulation and HG, mRNA IL-1 and IL-6 were higher. Interestingly, RSV decreased pro-inflammatory interleukins; meanwhile, D3T increased Arg1 and IL-10 relative expression. Overall, our results indicate that hyperglycemia plays a fundamental role in the modulation of macrophage-induced inflammation in response to bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Manríquez-Núñez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Mora
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Iza Fernanda Pérez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Minerva Ramos-Gómez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
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Darenskaya M, Kolesnikov S, Semenova N, Kolesnikova L. Diabetic Nephropathy: Significance of Determining Oxidative Stress and Opportunities for Antioxidant Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12378. [PMID: 37569752 PMCID: PMC10419189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) belongs to the category of socially significant diseases with epidemic rates of increases in prevalence. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a specific kind of kidney damage that occurs in 40% of patients with DM and is considered a serious complication of DM. Most modern methods for treatments aimed at slowing down the progression of DN have side effects and do not produce unambiguous positive results in the long term. This fact has encouraged researchers to search for additional or alternative treatment methods. Hyperglycemia has a negative effect on renal structures due to a number of factors, including the activation of the polyol and hexosamine glucose metabolism pathways, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products and increases in the insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction of tissues. The above mechanisms cause the development of oxidative stress (OS) reactions and mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn contribute to the development and progression of DN. Modern antioxidant therapies for DN involve various phytochemicals (food antioxidants, resveratrol, curcumin, alpha-lipoic acid preparations, etc.), which are widely used not only for the treatment of diabetes but also other systemic diseases. It has also been suggested that therapeutic approaches that target the source of reactive oxygen species in DN may have certain advantages in terms of nephroprotection from OS. This review describes the significance of studies on OS biomarkers in the pathogenesis of DN and analyzes various approaches to reducing the intensity of OS in the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Darenskaya
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (S.K.); (N.S.); (L.K.)
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Zhao H, Yang CE, Liu T, Zhang MX, Niu Y, Wang M, Yu J. The roles of gut microbiota and its metabolites in diabetic nephropathy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1207132. [PMID: 37577423 PMCID: PMC10413983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1207132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, which increases the risk of renal failure and causes a high global disease burden. Due to the lack of sustainable treatment, DN has become the primary cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Gut microbiota and its metabolites exert critical regulatory functions in maintaining host health and are associated with many pathogenesis of aging-related chronic diseases. Currently, the theory gut-kidney axis has opened a novel angle to understand the relationship between gut microbiota and multiple kidney diseases. In recent years, accumulating evidence has revealed that the gut microbiota and their metabolites play an essential role in the pathophysiologic processes of DN through the gut-kidney axis. In this review, we summarize the current investigations of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites involvement in the progression of DN, and further discuss the potential gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic approaches for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng-E Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Xia Zhang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi’an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptides, the Affiliated Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Mooradian AD. Diabetes-related perturbations in the integrity of physiologic barriers. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108552. [PMID: 37356233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of health is the integrity of barriers at the cellular and tissue levels. The two cardinal functions of barriers include preventing access of deleterious elements of the environment (barrier function) while facilitating the transport of essential ions, signaling molecules and nutrients needed to maintain the internal milieu (transport function). There are several cellular and subcellular barriers and some of these barriers can be interrelated. The principal physiologic barriers include blood-retinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, blood-testis barrier, renal glomerular/tubular barrier, intestinal barrier, pulmonary blood-alveolar barrier, blood-placental barrier and skin barrier. Tissue specific barriers are the result of the vasculature, cellular composition of the tissue and extracellular matrix within the tissue. Uncontrolled diabetes and acute hyperglycemia may disrupt the integrity of physiologic barriers, primarily through altering the vascular integrity of the tissues and may well contribute to the clinically recognized complications of diabetes. Although diabetes is a systemic disease, some of the organs display clinically significant deterioration in function while others undergo subclinical changes. The pathophysiology of the disruption of these barriers is not entirely clear but it may be related to diabetes-related cellular stress. Understanding the mechanisms of diabetes related dysfunction of various physiologic barriers might help identifying novel therapeutic targets for reducing clinically significant complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshag D Mooradian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Jacksonville College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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De Leon-Oliva D, Garcia-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Boaru DL, García-Puente L, Rios-Parra A, Garrido-Gil MJ, Casanova-Martín C, García-Honduvilla N, Bujan J, Guijarro LG, Alvarez-Mon M, Ortega MA. AIF1: Function and Connection with Inflammatory Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050694. [PMID: 37237507 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a type of immune cell distributed throughout all tissues of an organism. Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1) is a calcium-binding protein linked to the activation of macrophages. AIF1 is a key intracellular signaling molecule that participates in phagocytosis, membrane ruffling and F-actin polymerization. Moreover, it has several cell type-specific functions. AIF1 plays important roles in the development of several diseases: kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases and neurological disorders, and in transplants. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of the known structure, functions and role of AIF1 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo Garcia-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Puente
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rios-Parra
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Maria J Garrido-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Carlos Casanova-Martín
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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Ram C, Gairola S, Verma S, Mugale MN, Bonam SR, Murty US, Sahu BD. Biochanin A Ameliorates Nephropathy in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effects on NF-kB/NLRP3 Axis, Pyroptosis, and Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051052. [PMID: 37237918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy is the most prevalent microvascular disorder in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade provoked by the persistent hyperglycemic milieu play integral roles in the aggravation of renal injury and fibrosis. We explored the impact of biochanin A (BCA), an isoflavonoid, on the inflammatory response, nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in diabetic kidneys. A high-fat-diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced experimental model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) was established in Sprague Dawley rats, and in vitro studies were performed in high-glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells. Persistent hyperglycemia in diabetic rats was manifested by perturbation of renal function, marked histological alterations, and oxidative and inflammatory renal damage. Therapeutic intervention of BCA mitigated histological changes, improved renal function and antioxidant capacity, and suppressed phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα) proteins. Our in vitro data reveal excessive superoxide generation, apoptosis, and altered mitochondrial membrane potential in NRK-52E cells that were cultured in a high-glucose (HG) environment were subsided by BCA intervention. Meanwhile, the upregulated expressions of NLRP3 and its associated proteins, the pyroptosis-indicative protein gasdermin-D (GSDMD) in the kidneys, and HG-stimulated NRK-52E cells were significantly ameliorated by BCA treatment. Additionally, BCA blunted transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling and production of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, and alfa-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in diabetic kidneys. Our results indicate the plausible role of BCA in attenuating DN, presumably through modulation of the apoptotic cascade in renal tubular epithelial cells and the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Shobhit Verma
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
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Noei Razliqi R, Ahangarpour A, Mard SA, Khorsandi L. Gentisic acid protects against diabetic nephropathy in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin administered male mice by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation: The role of miR-200a/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and NF-кB. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110507. [PMID: 37120126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Local renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of DN by exacerbating oxidative stress and inflammation.Gentisic acid (GA), a phenolic compound and also a metabolite of aspirin, is reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of GA against DN remain to be elucidated. Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) were used to induce diabetes in male mice. Oral administration of GA once daily for 2 weeks (100 mg/kg) ameliorated diabetes-induced renal injury by reducing plasma creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary albuminuria levels. Diabetic mice showed a significant increase in total oxidant status and malondialdehyde, along with decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the kidney tissue, which was ameliorated in the GA-treated mice. Histopathological analysis showed that GA treatment reduced diabetes-induced renal injury. Furthermore, GA treatment was associated with the downregulation of miR-125b, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-кB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and upregulation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), miR-200a, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the renal tissue. GA treatment also downregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R), and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX 2) and upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In conclusion, the ameliorative effects of GA against DN may be attributed to its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through the downregulation of NF-кB, upregulation of Nrf2, and modulation of RAS in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Noei Razliqi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Shen Q, Fang J, Guo H, Su X, Zhu B, Yao X, Wang Y, Cao A, Wang H, Wang L. Astragaloside IV attenuates podocyte apoptosis through ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction by up-regulated Nrf2-ARE/TFAM signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 203:45-57. [PMID: 37030337 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Defective antioxidant system as well as mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signaling is the central defensive mechanism against oxidative stress and therefore pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, using molecular docking we found that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an active ingredient from traditional formula of Huangqi decoction (HQD), exerted a higher potential to promote Nrf2 escape from Keap1-Nrf2 interaction via competitively bind to amino acid sites in Keap1. When podocyte exposed to high glucose (HG) stimulation, mitochondrial morphological alterations and podocyte apoptosis were presented and accompanied by Nrf2 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) downregulation. Mechanistically, HG promoted a decrease in mitochondria-specific electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, ATP synthesis and mtDNA content as well as increased ROS production. Conversely, all these mitochondrial defects were dramatically alleviated by AS-IV, but suppression of Nrf2 with inhibitor or siRNA and TFAM siRNA simultaneously alleviated the AS-IV efficacy. Moreover, experimental diabetic mice exhibited significant renal injury as well as mitochondrial disorder, corresponding with the decreased expression of Nrf2 and TFAM. On the contrary, AS-IV reversed the abnormality and the Nrf2 and TFAM expression were also restored. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate the improvement of AS-IV on mitochondrial function, thereby resistance to oxidative stress-induced diabetic kidney injury and podocyte apoptosis, and the process is closely associated with activation of Nrf2-ARE/TFAM signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengjiang Guo
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xue Su
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingmei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Kamt SF, Liu J, Yan LJ. Renal-Protective Roles of Lipoic Acid in Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071732. [PMID: 37049574 PMCID: PMC10097220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a crucial organ that eliminates metabolic waste and reabsorbs nutritious elements. It also participates in the regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of electrolyte balance and blood pH homeostasis, as well as erythropoiesis and vitamin D maturation. Due to such a heavy workload, the kidney is an energy-demanding organ and is constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous insults, leading to the development of either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, there are no therapeutic managements to treat AKI or CKD effectively. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches for fighting kidney injury are urgently needed. This review article discusses the role of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in preventing and treating kidney diseases. We focus on various animal models of kidney injury by which the underlying renoprotective mechanisms of ALA have been unraveled. The animal models covered include diabetic nephropathy, sepsis-induced kidney injury, renal ischemic injury, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and kidney injuries induced by folic acid and metals such as cisplatin, cadmium, and iron. We highlight the common mechanisms of ALA’s renal protective actions that include decreasing oxidative damage, increasing antioxidant capacities, counteracting inflammation, mitigating renal fibrosis, and attenuating nephron cell death. It is by these mechanisms that ALA achieves its biological function of alleviating kidney injury and improving kidney function. Nevertheless, we also point out that more comprehensive, preclinical, and clinical studies will be needed to make ALA a better therapeutic agent for targeting kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin F. Kamt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jiankang Liu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Molecular Mechanism of Fucoidan Nanoparticles as Protector on Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats' Aortas. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030568. [PMID: 36771275 PMCID: PMC9920843 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants have an important role in protecting against diabetes complications such as vascular endothelial cell damage. Fucoidan has strong antioxidant properties, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of fucoidan nanoparticles through the pathway of antioxidant activity against streptozotocin-induced diabetic aortic endothelial cell dysfunction in rats. Fucoidan nanoparticles are made utilizing high-energy ball milling. This research consists of five groups, namely: control rats, rats were administered aquadest; diabetic rats, rats were administered streptozotocin (STZ); fucoidan nanoparticle rats, rats were administered STZ and fucoidan nanoparticles. Aortic tissue was collected for the evaluation of ROS (reactive oxygen species), Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Nitric Oxide (NO), cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP), relaxation response of acetylcholine (Ach), and the diameter of the aorta. The size distribution of the fucoidan nanoparticles was 267.2 ± 42.8 nm. Administration of fucoidan nanoparticles decreased the levels of ROS and MDA, and increased the levels of SOD, levels of GPx, Nrf2 expression, NO levels, cGMP expression, the relaxation response of Ach, and lumen diameter of the aorta, which are significantly different when compared with diabetic rats, p < 0.05. In this study, we concluded that the mechanism pathway of fucoidan nanoparticles prevents aortic endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic rats through antioxidant activity by reducing ROS and MDA and incrementing SOD levels, GPx levels, and Nrf2 expression. All of these can lead to an elevated relaxation response effect of Ach and an increase in the lumen diameter of the aorta, which indicates a protective effect of fucoidan nanoparticles on aortic endothelial cells.
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Identification of Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Diabetic Kidney Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1067504. [PMID: 36624863 PMCID: PMC9825216 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1067504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease throughout the world. In kidney disease, oxidative stress has been linked to both antioxidant depletions and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify biomarkers related to oxidative stress in DKD. Methods The gene expression profile of the DKD was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The identification of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed using the "limma" R package, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to find the gene modules that were most related to DKD. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed using "Org.Hs.eg.db" R package. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database. The hub genes were identified by the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in of Cytoscape software. The diagnostic capacity of hub genes was verified using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Correlations between diagnostic genes were analyzed using the "corrplot" package. In addition, the miRNA gene transcription factor (TF) network was used to explain the regulatory mechanism of hub genes in DKD. Results DEGs analysis and WGCNA-identified 160 key genes were identified in DKD patients. Among them, nine oxidative stress-related genes were identified as candidate hub genes for DKD. Using the PPI network, five hub genes, NR4A2, DUSP1, FOS, JUN, and PTGS2, were subsequently identified. All the hub genes were downregulated in DKD and had a high diagnostic value of DKD. The regulatory mechanism of hub genes was analyzed from the miRNA gene-TF network. Conclusion Our study identified NR4A2, DUSP1, FOS, JUN, and PTGS2 as hub genes of DKD. These genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets for DKD patients.
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Limonte CP, Kretzler M, Pennathur S, Pop-Busui R, de Boer IH. Present and future directions in diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108357. [PMID: 36403478 PMCID: PMC9764992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure and is associated with substantial risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. Traditionally, DKD prevention and management have focused on addressing hyperglycemia, hypertension, obesity, and renin-angiotensin system activation as important risk factors for disease. Over the last decade, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have been shown to meaningfully reduce risk of diabetes-related kidney and cardiovascular complications. Additional agents demonstrating benefit in DKD such as non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and endothelin A receptor antagonists are further contributing to the growing arsenal of DKD therapies. With the availability of greater therapeutic options comes the opportunity to individually optimize DKD prevention and management. Novel applications of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic/lipidomic technologies, as well as use of artificial intelligence and reinforced learning methods through consortia such as the Kidney Precision Medicine Project and focused studies in established cohorts hold tremendous promise for advancing our understanding and treatment of DKD. Specifically, enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying DKD pathophysiology may allow for the identification of new mechanism-based DKD subtypes and the development and implementation of targeted therapies. Implementation of personalized care approaches has the potential to revolutionize DKD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P Limonte
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rodica Pop-Busui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress: A General Overview of Mechanisms and Implications in Human Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122345. [PMID: 36552553 PMCID: PMC9774434 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are continually exposed to exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants that have both beneficial and deleterious effects on the cell. ROS have important roles in a wide range of physiological processes; however, high ROS levels are associated with oxidative stress and disease progression. Oxidative stress has been implicated in nearly all major human diseases, from neurogenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant defence systems have evolved as a means of protection against oxidative stress, with the transcription factor Nrf2 as the key regulator. Nrf2 is responsible for regulating an extensive panel of antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of oxidative stress and has been extensively studied in the disease contexts. This review aims to provide the reader with a general overview of oxidative stress and Nrf2, including basic mechanisms of Nrf2 activation and regulation, and implications in various major human diseases.
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