1
|
Pontin M, Damian DD. Multimodal soft valve enables physical responsiveness for preemptive resilience of soft robots. Sci Robot 2024; 9:eadk9978. [PMID: 39047079 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adk9978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Resilience is crucial for the self-preservation of biological systems: Humans recover from wounds thanks to an immune system that autonomously enacts a multistage response to promote healing. Similar passive mechanisms can enable pneumatic soft robots to overcome common faults such as bursts originating from punctures or overpressurization. Recent technological advancements, ranging from fault-tolerant controllers for robot reconfigurability to self-healing materials, have paved the way for robot resilience. However, these techniques require powerful processors and large datasets or external hardware. How to extend the operational life span of damaged soft robots with minimal computational and physical resources remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated a multimodal pneumatic soft valve capable of passive resilient reactions, triggered by faults, to prevent or isolate damage in soft robots. In its forward operation mode, the valve, requiring a single supply pressure, isolated punctured soft inflatable elements from the rest of the soft robot in as fast as 21 milliseconds. In its reverse operation mode, the valve can passively protect robots against overpressurization caused by external disturbances, avoiding plastic deformations and bursts. Furthermore, the two modes combined enabled the creation of an endogenously controlled valve capable of autonomous burst isolation. We demonstrated the passive and quick response and the possibility of monolithic integration of the soft valve in grippers and crawling robots. The approach proposed in this study provides a distributed small-footprint alternative to controller-based resilience and is expected to help soft robots achieve uninterrupted long-lasting operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pontin
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Robotics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dana D Damian
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Robotics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghavidelnia N, Slesarenko V, Speck O, Eberl C. Bio-Inspired Pressure-Dependent Programmable Mechanical Metamaterial with Self-Sealing Ability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313125. [PMID: 38629439 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Self-sealing is one of the fascinating functions in nature that enables living material systems to respond immediately to damage. A prime plant model is Delosperma cooperi, which can rapidly self-seal damaged succulent leaves by systematically deforming until the wound closes. Inspired by this self-sealing principle, a novel programmable mechanical metamaterial has been developed to mimic the underlying damage management concept. This material is able to react autonomously to changes in its physical condition caused by an induced damage. To design this ability into the programmable metamaterial, a permeable unit cell design has been developed that can change size depending on the internal pressure. The parameter space and associated mechanical functionality of the unit cell design is simulated and analyzed under periodic boundary conditions and various pressures. The principles of self-sealing behavior in designed metamaterials are investigated, crack closure efficiency is identified for different crack lengths, the limitations of the proposed approach are discussed, and successful crack closure is experimentally demonstrated in the fabricated metamaterial. Although this study facilitates the first step on the way of integrating new bio-inspired principles in the metamaterials, the results show how programmable mechanical metamaterials might extend materials design space from pure properties to life-like abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ghavidelnia
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav Slesarenko
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Speck
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Eberl
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Materials Design Department Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM), Wöhlerstr. 11, D-79108, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Varaganti P, Seo S. Recent Advances in Biomimetics for the Development of Bio-Inspired Prosthetic Limbs. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:273. [PMID: 38786483 PMCID: PMC11118077 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in biomimetics have spurred significant innovations in prosthetic limb development by leveraging the intricate designs and mechanisms found in nature. Biomimetics, also known as "nature-inspired engineering", involves studying and emulating biological systems to address complex human challenges. This comprehensive review provides insights into the latest trends in biomimetic prosthetics, focusing on leveraging knowledge from natural biomechanics, sensory feedback mechanisms, and control systems to closely mimic biological appendages. Highlighted breakthroughs include the integration of cutting-edge materials and manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing, facilitating seamless anatomical integration of prosthetic limbs. Additionally, the incorporation of neural interfaces and sensory feedback systems enhances control and movement, while technologies like 3D scanning enable personalized customization, optimizing comfort and functionality for individual users. Ongoing research efforts in biomimetics hold promise for further advancements, offering enhanced mobility and integration for individuals with limb loss or impairment. This review illuminates the dynamic landscape of biomimetic prosthetic technology, emphasizing its transformative potential in rehabilitation and assistive technologies. It envisions a future where prosthetic solutions seamlessly integrate with the human body, augmenting both mobility and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soonmin Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Johnstone DM, Robinson SR. Twelve protections evolved for the brain, and their roles in extending its functional life. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1280275. [PMID: 38020212 PMCID: PMC10657866 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1280275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As human longevity has increased, we have come to understand the ability of the brain to function into advanced age, but also its vulnerability with age, apparent in the age-related dementias. Against that background of success and vulnerability, this essay reviews how the brain is protected by (by our count) 12 mechanisms, including: the cranium, a bony helmet; the hydraulic support given by the cerebrospinal fluid; the strategically located carotid body and sinus, which provide input to reflexes that protect the brain from blood-gas imbalance and extremes of blood pressure; the blood brain barrier, an essential sealing of cerebral vessels; the secretion of molecules such as haemopexin and (we argue) the peptide Aβ to detoxify haemoglobin, at sites of a bleed; autoregulation of the capillary bed, which stabilises metabolites in extracellular fluid; fuel storage in the brain, as glycogen; oxygen storage, in the haemoprotein neuroglobin; the generation of new neurones, in the adult, to replace cells lost; acquired resilience, the stress-induced strengthening of cell membranes and energy production found in all body tissues; and cognitive reserve, the ability of the brain to maintain function despite damage. Of these 12 protections, we identify 5 as unique to the brain, 3 as protections shared with all body tissues, and another 4 as protections shared with other tissues but specialised for the brain. These protections are a measure of the brain's vulnerability, of its need for protection. They have evolved, we argue, to maintain cognitive function, the ability of the brain to function despite damage that accumulates during life. Several can be tools in the hands of the individual, and of the medical health professional, for the lifelong care of our brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stone
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Grenoble and Institute of Ophthalmology, Fonds de Dotation Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Johnstone
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Robinson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lecointre G, Aish A, Améziane N, Chekchak T, Goupil C, Grandcolas P, Vincent JFV, Sun JS. Revisiting Nature's "Unifying Patterns": A Biological Appraisal. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:362. [PMID: 37622967 PMCID: PMC10452652 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective bioinspiration requires dialogue between designers and biologists, and this dialogue must be rooted in a shared scientific understanding of living systems. To support learning from "nature's overarching design lessons" the Biomimicry Institute has produced ten "Unifying Patterns of Nature". These patterns have been developed to engage with those interested in finding biologically inspired solutions to human challenges. Yet, although well-intentioned and appealing, they are likely to dishearten biologists. The aim of this paper is to identify why and propose alternative principles based on evolutionary theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lecointre
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité, UMR ISYEB 7205 CNRS MNHN SU EPHE UA, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Aish
- Bioinspire-Museum, Direction Générale Déléguée à la Recherche, l’Expertise, la Valorisation et l’Enseignement (DGD REVE), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP 17, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Améziane
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité, UMR ISYEB 7205 CNRS MNHN SU EPHE UA, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tarik Chekchak
- Institut des Futurs Souhaitables, 127 Avenue Ledru Rollin, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Goupil
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de Demain (LIED), UMR 8236 CNRS, Université Paris-Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grandcolas
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution et Biodiversité, UMR ISYEB 7205 CNRS MNHN SU EPHE UA, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julian F. V. Vincent
- Nature Inspired Manufacturing Centre, School of Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jian-Sheng Sun
- Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, UMR 7196—U1154, MNHN CNRS INSERM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Almutairi MD, He F, Alshammari YL, Alnahdi SS, Khan MA. Analysis of the Self-Healing Capability of Thermoplastic Elastomer Capsules in a Polymeric Beam Structure Based on Strain Energy Release Behaviour during Crack Growth. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3384. [PMID: 37631441 PMCID: PMC10458547 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the elastic and plastic responses of 3D-printed thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) beams under various bending loads. The study also aimed to develop a self-healing mechanism using origami TPE capsules embedded within an ABS structure. These cross-shaped capsules have the ability to be either folded or elastically deformed. When a crack occurs in the ABS structure, the strain is released, causing the TPE capsule to unfold along the crack direction, thereby enhancing the crack resistance of the ABS structure. The enhanced ability to resist cracks was confirmed through a delamination test on a double cantilever specimen subjected to quasi-static load conditions. Consistent test outcomes highlighted how the self-healing process influenced the development of structural cracks. These results indicate that the suggested self-healing mechanism has the potential to be a unique addition to current methods, which mostly rely on external healing agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dukhi Almutairi
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Feiyang He
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Yousef Lafi Alshammari
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering College, Northern Border University, King Fahad Road, Arar 92341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Saleh Alnahdi
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (F.H.); (Y.L.A.); (S.S.A.)
- Centre for Life-Cycle Engineering and Management, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong J, Huang W, Zhou H. Multifunctionality in Nature: Structure-Function Relationships in Biological Materials. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:284. [PMID: 37504172 PMCID: PMC10807375 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern material design aims to achieve multifunctionality through integrating structures in a diverse range, resulting in simple materials with embedded functions. Biological materials and organisms are typical examples of this concept, where complex functionalities are achieved through a limited material base. This review highlights the multiscale structural and functional integration of representative natural organisms and materials, as well as biomimetic examples. The impact, wear, and crush resistance properties exhibited by mantis shrimp and ironclad beetle during predation or resistance offer valuable inspiration for the development of structural materials in the aerospace field. Investigating cyanobacteria that thrive in extreme environments can contribute to developing living materials that can serve in places like Mars. The exploration of shape memory and the self-repairing properties of spider silk and mussels, as well as the investigation of sensing-actuating and sensing-camouflage mechanisms in Banksias, chameleons, and moths, holds significant potential for the optimization of soft robot designs. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of mussel and gecko adhesion mechanisms can have a profound impact on medical fields, including tissue engineering and drug delivery. In conclusion, the integration of structure and function is crucial for driving innovations and breakthroughs in modern engineering materials and their applications. The gaps between current biomimetic designs and natural organisms are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ollier RC, Xiang Y, Yacovelli AM, Webber MJ. Biomimetic strain-stiffening in fully synthetic dynamic-covalent hydrogel networks. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4796-4805. [PMID: 37181784 PMCID: PMC10171040 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanoresponsiveness is a ubiquitous feature of soft materials in nature; biological tissues exhibit both strain-stiffening and self-healing in order to prevent and repair deformation-induced damage. These features remain challenging to replicate in synthetic and flexible polymeric materials. In recreating both the mechanical and structural features of soft biological tissues, hydrogels have been often explored for a number of biological and biomedical applications. However, synthetic polymeric hydrogels rarely replicate the mechanoresponsive character of natural biological materials, failing to match both strain-stiffening and self-healing functionality. Here, strain-stiffening behavior is realized in fully synthetic ideal network hydrogels prepared from flexible 4-arm polyethylene glycol macromers via dynamic-covalent boronate ester crosslinks. Shear rheology reveals the strain-stiffening response in these networks as a function of polymer concentration, pH, and temperature. Across all three of these variables, hydrogels of lower stiffness exhibit higher degrees of stiffening, as quantified by the stiffening index. The reversibility and self-healing nature of this strain-stiffening response is also evident upon strain-cycling. The mechanism underlying this unusual stiffening response is attributed to a combination of entropic and enthalpic elasticity in these crosslink-dominant networks, contrasting with natural biopolymers that primarily strain-stiffen due to a strain-induced reduction in conformational entropy of entangled fibrillar structures. This work thus offers key insights into crosslink-driven strain-stiffening in dynamic-covalent phenylboronic acid-diol hydrogels as a function of experimental and environmental parameters. Moreover, the biomimetic mechano- and chemoresponsive nature of this simple ideal-network hydrogel offers a promising platform for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Ollier
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Yuanhui Xiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Adriana M Yacovelli
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Correia C, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I, Alves NM. Adhesive and self-healing materials for central nervous system repair. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213439. [PMID: 37146528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has a limited ability to regenerate after a traumatic injury or a disease due to the low capacity of the neurons to re-grow and the inhibitory environment formed in situ. Current therapies include the use of drugs and rehabilitation, which do not fully restore the CNS functions and only delay the pathology progression. Tissue engineering offers a simple and versatile solution for this problem through the use of bioconstructs that promote nerve tissue repair by bridging cavity spaces. In this approach, the choice of biomaterial is crucial. Herein, we present recent advances in the design and development of adhesive and self-healing materials that support CNS healing. The adhesive materials have the advantage of promoting recovery without the use of needles or sewing, while the self-healing materials have the capacity to restore the tissue integrity without the need for external intervention. These materials can be used alone or in combination with cells and/or bioactive agents to control the inflammation, formation of free radicals, and proteases activity. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of different systems. The remaining challenges that can bring these materials to clinical reality are also briefly presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Correia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Natália M Alves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roth-Nebelsick A, Krause M. The Plant Leaf: A Biomimetic Resource for Multifunctional and Economic Design. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020145. [PMID: 37092397 PMCID: PMC10123730 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As organs of photosynthesis, leaves are of vital importance for plants and a source of inspiration for biomimetic developments. Leaves are composed of interconnected functional elements that evolved in concert under high selective pressure, directed toward strategies for improving productivity with limited resources. In this paper, selected basic components of the leaf are described together with biomimetic examples derived from them. The epidermis (the "skin" of leaves) protects the leaf from uncontrolled desiccation and carries functional surface structures such as wax crystals and hairs. The epidermis is pierced by micropore apparatuses, stomata, which allow for regulated gas exchange. Photosynthesis takes place in the internal leaf tissue, while the venation system supplies the leaf with water and nutrients and exports the products of photosynthesis. Identifying the selective forces as well as functional limitations of the single components requires understanding the leaf as an integrated system that was shaped by evolution to maximize carbon gain from limited resource availability. These economic aspects of leaf function manifest themselves as trade-off solutions. Biomimetics is expected to benefit from a more holistic perspective on adaptive strategies and functional contexts of leaf structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Krause
- State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Speck O, Taylor D, Speck T. Editorial: Damage control of plants-from the molecule to the entire plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1181342. [PMID: 37035089 PMCID: PMC10081690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1181342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Taylor
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou H, Niu H, Wang H, Lin T. Self-Healing Superwetting Surfaces, Their Fabrications, and Properties. Chem Rev 2023; 123:663-700. [PMID: 36537354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The research on superwetting surfaces with a self-healing function against various damages has progressed rapidly in the recent decade. They are expected to be an effective approach to increasing the durability and application robustness of superwetting materials. Various methods and material systems have been developed to prepare self-healing superwetting surfaces, some of which mimic natural superwetting surfaces. However, they still face challenges, such as being workable only for specific damages, external stimulation to trigger the healing process, and poor self-healing ability in the water, marine, or biological systems. There is a lack of fundamental understanding as well. This article comprehensively reviews self-healing superwetting surfaces, including their fabrication strategies, essential rules for materials design, and self-healing properties. Self-healing triggered by different external stimuli is summarized. The potential applications of self-healing superwetting surfaces are highlighted. This article consists of four main sections: (1) the functional surfaces with various superwetting properties, (2) natural self-healing superwetting surfaces (i.e., plants, insects, and creatures) and their healing mechanism, (3) recent research development in various self-healing superwetting surfaces, their preparation, wetting properties in the air or liquid media, and healing mechanism, and (4) the prospects including existing challenges, our views and potential solutions to the challenges, and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory for Biofibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory for Biofibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Eco-textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Victoria 3216, Australia.,Institute for Nanofiber Intelligent Manufacture and Applications, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Institute for Nanofiber Intelligent Manufacture and Applications, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.,State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salamatian AA, Bren KL. Bioinspired and biomolecular catalysts for energy conversion and storage. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:174-190. [PMID: 36331366 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are remarkable for facilitating challenging redox transformations with high efficiency and selectivity. In the area of alternative energy, scientists aim to capture these properties in bioinspired and engineered biomolecular catalysts for the efficient and fast production of fuels from low-energy feedstocks such as water and carbon dioxide. In this short review, efforts to mimic biological catalysts for proton reduction and carbon dioxide reduction are highlighted. Two important recurring themes are the importance of the microenvironment of the catalyst active site and the key role of proton delivery to the active site in achieving desired reactivity. Perspectives on ongoing and future challenges are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meder F, Baytekin B, Del Dottore E, Meroz Y, Tauber F, Walker I, Mazzolai B. A perspective on plant robotics: from bioinspiration to hybrid systems. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 18:015006. [PMID: 36351300 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aca198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As miscellaneous as the Plant Kingdom is, correspondingly diverse are the opportunities for taking inspiration from plants for innovations in science and engineering. Especially in robotics, properties like growth, adaptation to environments, ingenious materials, sustainability, and energy-effectiveness of plants provide an extremely rich source of inspiration to develop new technologies-and many of them are still in the beginning of being discovered. In the last decade, researchers have begun to reproduce complex plant functions leading to functionality that goes far beyond conventional robotics and this includes sustainability, resource saving, and eco-friendliness. This perspective drawn by specialists in different related disciplines provides a snapshot from the last decade of research in the field and draws conclusions on the current challenges, unanswered questions on plant functions, plant-inspired robots, bioinspired materials, and plant-hybrid systems looking ahead to the future of these research fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Meder
- Bioinspired Soft Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bilge Baytekin
- Department of Chemistry and UNAM National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Yasmine Meroz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Falk Tauber
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG) Freiburg, Botanic Garden of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian Walker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Bioinspired Soft Robotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yadav S, Majumder A. Biomimicked large-area anisotropic grooves from Dracaena sanderianaleaf enhances cellular alignment and subsequent differentiation. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:056002. [PMID: 35728757 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac7afe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellular alignment is important for the proper functioning of different tissues such as muscles or blood vessel walls. Hence, in tissue engineering, sufficient effort has been made to control cellular orientation and alignment. It has been shown that micro-and nanoscale anisotropic topological features on cell culture substrates can control cellular orientation. Such substrates are fabricated using various lithography techniques such as photolithography and soft lithography. Although such techniques are suitable for creating patterns in small areas to establish a proof-of-concept, patterning large areas with intricate features is an unsolved problem. In this work, we report that a replica of the groove-like anisotropic patterns of the abaxial side of aDracaena sanderiana(bamboo) leaf can be used for large-area patterning of cells. We imprinted the leaf on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and characterised its surface topography using scanning electron microscopy. We further cultured bone marrow human mesenchymal cells (BM-hMSCs), skeletal muscle cells (C2C12), and neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y) on the patterned PDMS on which the cells orient along the direction of the grooved pattern. Further, we observed enhanced neuronal differentiation of SHSY5Y cells on biomimicked pattern compared to flat PDMS as measured by percentage of cells with neurites, neurite length and the expression of neuronal differentiation marker beta-III tubulin (TUJ1). This process is simple, frugal, and can be adopted by laboratories with resource constraints. This one-step technique to fabricate large-area anisotropic surface patterns from bamboo leaves can be used as a platform to study cellular alignment and its effect on various cellular functions, including differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shital Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Abhijit Majumder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bercea M. Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122365. [PMID: 35745941 PMCID: PMC9229923 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, as interconnected networks (polymer mesh; physically, chemically, or dynamic crosslinked networks) incorporating a high amount of water, present structural characteristics similar to soft natural tissue. They enable the diffusion of different molecules (ions, drugs, and grow factors) and have the ability to take over the action of external factors. Their nature provides a wide variety of raw materials and inspiration for functional soft matter obtained by complex mechanisms and hierarchical self-assembly. Over the last decade, many studies focused on developing innovative and high-performance materials, with new or improved functions, by mimicking biological structures at different length scales. Hydrogels with natural or synthetic origin can be engineered as bulk materials, micro- or nanoparticles, patches, membranes, supramolecular pathways, bio-inks, etc. The specific features of hydrogels make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds (repair/regeneration), wound healing, drug delivery carriers, bio-inks, soft robotics, sensors, actuators, catalysis, food safety, and hygiene products. This review is focused on recent advances in the field of bioinspired hydrogels that can serve as platforms for life-science applications. A brief outlook on the actual trends and future directions is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bercea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
El Choufi N, Mustapha S, Tehrani B A, Grady BP. An Overview of Self-Healable Polymers and Recent Advances in the Field. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200164. [PMID: 35478422 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for materials with better performance, longer service life, lower environmental impact, and lower overall cost is at the forefront of polymer science and material engineering. This has led to the development of self-healing polymers with a range of healing mechanisms including capsular-based, vascular, and intrinsic self-healing polymers. The development of self-healable systems has been inspired by the healing of biological systems such as skin wound healing and broken bone reconstruction. The goal of using self-healing polymers in various applications is to extend the service life of polymers without the need for replacement or human intervention especially in restricted access areas such as underwater/underground piping where inspection, intervention, and maintenance are very difficult. Through an industrial and scholarly lens, this paper provides (a) an overview of self-healing polymers, (b) classification of different self-healing polymers and polymer-based composites, (c) mechanical, thermal, and electrical analysis characterization, (d) applications in coating, composites, and electronics, (e) modeling and simulation, and (f) recent development in the past 20 years . This review highlights the importance of healable polymers for an economically and environmentally sustainable future, the most recent advances in the field, and current limitations in fabrication, manufacturing, and performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Choufi
- Chemical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samir Mustapha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Tehrani B
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Brian P Grady
- School of Chemical, Biological and, Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
Roth-Nebelsick A. How much biology is in the product? Role and relevance of biological evolution and function for bio-inspired design. Theory Biosci 2022; 141:233-247. [PMID: 35344153 PMCID: PMC9474337 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-022-00367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bio-inspired design (BID) means the concept of transferring functional principles from biology to technology. The core idea driving BID-related work is that evolution has shaped functional attributes, which are termed “adaptations” in biology, to a high functional performance by relentless selective pressure. For current methods and tools, such as data bases, it is implicitly supposed that the considered biological models are adaptations and their functions already clarified. Often, however, the identification of adaptations and their functional features is a difficult task which is not yet accomplished for numerous biological structures, as happens to be the case also for various organismic features from which successful BID developments were derived. This appears to question the relevance of the much stressed importance of evolution for BID. While it is obviously possible to derive an attractive technical principle from an observed biological effect without knowing its original functionality, this kind of BID (“analog BID”) has no further ties to biology. In contrast, a BID based on an adaptation and its function (“homolog BID”) is deeply embedded in biology. It is suggested that a serious and honest clarification of the functional background of a biological structure is an essential first step in devising a BID project, to recognize possible problems and pitfalls as well as to evaluate the need for further biological analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Roth-Nebelsick
- Department of Palaeontology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting offers a scalable approach to producing hydrogen from renewable sources for sustainable energy storage. Depending on the applications, oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) may perform water splitting under a variety of conditions. However, low stability and/or activity present challenges to the design of OECs, prompting the design of self-healing OECs composed of earth-abundant first-row transition metal oxides. The concept of self-healing catalysis offers a new tool to be employed in the design of stable and functionally active OECs under operating conditions ranging from acidic to basic solutions and from a variety of water sources. Large scale sustainable energy storage by water splitting benefits from performing the oxygen evolution reaction under a variety of conditions. Here, the authors discuss self-healing catalysis as a new tool in the design of stable and functionally active catalysts in acidic to basic solutions, and a variety of water sources
Collapse
|
22
|
Chausov DN, Smirnova VV, Burmistrov DE, Sarimov RM, Kurilov AD, Astashev ME, Uvarov OV, Dubinin MV, Kozlov VA, Vedunova MV, Rebezov MB, Semenova AA, Lisitsyn AB, Gudkov SV. Synthesis of a Novel, Biocompatible and Bacteriostatic Borosiloxane Composition with Silver Oxide Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020527. [PMID: 35057245 PMCID: PMC8780406 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial antibiotic resistance is an important global world health problem. Recently, an interest in nanoparticles (NPs) of silver oxides as compounds with antibacterial potential has significantly increased. From a practical point of view, composites of silver oxide NPs and biocompatible material are of interest. A borosiloxane (BS) can be used as one such material. A composite material combining BS and silver oxide NPs has been synthesized. Composites containing BS have adjustable viscoelastic properties. The silver oxide NPs synthesized by laser ablation have a size of ~65 nm (half-width 60 nm) and an elemental composition of Ag2O. The synthesized material exhibits strong bacteriostatic properties against E. coli at a concentration of nanoparticles of silver oxide more than 0.01%. The bacteriostatic effect depends on the silver oxide NPs concentration in the matrix. The BS/silver oxide NPs have no cytotoxic effect on a eukaryotic cell culture when the concentration of nanoparticles of silver oxide is less than 0.1%. The use of the resulting composite based on BS and silver oxide NPs as a reusable dry disinfectant is due to its low toxicity and bacteriostatic activity and its characteristics are not inferior to the medical alloy nitinol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis N. Chausov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Veronika V. Smirnova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Dmitriy E. Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Ruslan M. Sarimov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Alexander D. Kurilov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Maxim E. Astashev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
| | - Oleg V. Uvarov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
| | | | - Valery A. Kozlov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maksim B. Rebezov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Anastasia A. Semenova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Andrey B. Lisitsyn
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (V.V.S.); (D.E.B.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (M.E.A.); (O.V.U.); (V.A.K.); (M.V.V.); (M.B.R.)
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yoon J, Hou Y, Knoepfel AM, Yang D, Ye T, Zheng L, Yennawar N, Sanghadasa M, Priya S, Wang K. Bio-inspired strategies for next-generation perovskite solar mobile power sources. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12915-12984. [PMID: 34622260 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Smart electronic devices are becoming ubiquitous due to many appealing attributes including portability, long operational time, rechargeability and compatibility with the user-desired form factor. Integration of mobile power sources (MPS) based on photovoltaic technologies with smart electronics will continue to drive improved sustainability and independence. With high efficiency, low cost, flexibility and lightweight features, halide perovskite photovoltaics have become promising candidates for MPS. Realization of these photovoltaic MPS (PV-MPS) with unconventionally extraordinary attributes requires new 'out-of-box' designs. Natural materials have provided promising designing solutions to engineer properties under a broad range of boundary conditions, ranging from molecules, proteins, cells, tissues, apparatus to systems in animals, plants, and humans optimized through billions of years of evolution. Applying bio-inspired strategies in PV-MPS could be biomolecular modification on crystallization at the atomic/meso-scale, bio-structural duplication at the device/system level and bio-mimicking at the functional level to render efficient charge delivery, energy transport/utilization, as well as stronger resistance against environmental stimuli (e.g., self-healing and self-cleaning). In this review, we discuss the bio-inspired/-mimetic structures, experimental models, and working principles, with the goal of revealing physics and bio-microstructures relevant for PV-MPS. Here the emphasis is on identifying the strategies and material designs towards improvement of the performance of emerging halide perovskite PVs and strategizing their bridge to future MPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungjin Yoon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Yuchen Hou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Abbey Marie Knoepfel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Luyao Zheng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Neela Yennawar
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Mohan Sanghadasa
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, 35898, USA
| | - Shashank Priya
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gudkov SV, Simakin AV, Sarimov RM, Kurilov AD, Chausov DN. Novel Biocompatible with Animal Cells Composite Material Based on Organosilicon Polymers and Fullerenes with Light-Induced Bacteriostatic Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2804. [PMID: 34835569 PMCID: PMC8625234 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A technology for producing a nanocomposite based on the borsiloxane polymer and chemically unmodified fullerenes has been developed. Nanocomposites containing 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 wt% fullerene molecules have been created. It has been shown that the nanocomposite with any content of fullerene molecules did not lose the main rheological properties of borsiloxane and is capable of structural self-healing. The resulting nanomaterial is capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in light. The rate of ROS generation increases with an increase in the concentration of fullerene molecules. In the absence of light, the nanocomposite exhibits antioxidant properties. The severity of antioxidant properties is also associated with the concentration of fullerene molecules in the polymer. It has been shown that the nanocomposite upon exposure to visible light leads to the formation of long-lived reactive protein species, and is also the reason for the appearance of such a key biomarker of oxidative stress as 8-oxoguanine in DNA. The intensity of the process increases with an increase in the concentration of fullerene molecules. In the dark, the polymer exhibits weak protective properties. It was found that under the action of light, the nanocomposite exhibits significant bacteriostatic properties, and the severity of these properties depends on the concentration of fullerene molecules. Moreover, it was found that bacterial cells adhere to the surfaces of the nanocomposite, and the nanocomposite can detach bacterial cells not only from the surfaces, but also from wetted substrates. The ability to capture bacterial cells is primarily associated with the properties of the polymer; they are weakly affected by both visible light and fullerene molecules. The nanocomposite is non-toxic to eukaryotic cells, the surface of the nanocomposite is suitable for eukaryotic cells for colonization. Due to the combination of self-healing properties, low cytotoxicity, and the presence of bacteriostatic properties, the nanocomposite can be used as a reusable dry disinfectant, as well as a material used in prosthetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (R.M.S.); (A.D.K.); (D.N.C.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chausov DN, Burmistrov DE, Kurilov AD, Bunkin NF, Astashev ME, Simakin AV, Vedunova MV, Gudkov SV. New Organosilicon Composite Based on Borosiloxane and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Inhibits Bacterial Growth, but Does Not Have a Toxic Effect on the Development of Animal Eukaryotic Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6281. [PMID: 34771805 PMCID: PMC8585151 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study a comprehensive analysis of the antibacterial properties of a composite material based on borosiloxane and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The effect of the polymer matrix and ZnO NPs on the generation of reactive oxygen species, hydroxyl radicals, and long-lived oxidized forms of biomolecules has been studied. All variants of the composites significantly inhibited the division of E. coli bacteria and caused them to detach from the substrate. It was revealed that the surfaces of a composite material based on borosiloxane and ZnO NPs do not inhibit the growth and division of mammalians cells. It is shown in the work that the positive effect of the incorporation of ZnO NPs into borosiloxane can reach 100% or more, provided that the viscoelastic properties of borosiloxane with nanoparticles are retained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis N. Chausov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (D.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.F.B.); (M.E.A.); (A.V.S.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Dmitriy E. Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (D.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.F.B.); (M.E.A.); (A.V.S.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Alexander D. Kurilov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (D.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.F.B.); (M.E.A.); (A.V.S.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Nikolai F. Bunkin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (D.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.F.B.); (M.E.A.); (A.V.S.); (M.V.V.)
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vtoraya Baumanskaya ul. 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim E. Astashev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (D.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.F.B.); (M.E.A.); (A.V.S.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Alexander V. Simakin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (D.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.F.B.); (M.E.A.); (A.V.S.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (D.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.F.B.); (M.E.A.); (A.V.S.); (M.V.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State, University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.N.C.); (D.E.B.); (A.D.K.); (N.F.B.); (M.E.A.); (A.V.S.); (M.V.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State, University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu H, Zhang Q, Cumming BP, Goi E, Cole JH, Luan H, Chen X, Gu M. Neuron-Inspired Steiner Tree Networks for 3D Low-Density Metastructures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100141. [PMID: 34382368 PMCID: PMC8498860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) micro-and nanostructures have played an important role in topological photonics, microfluidics, acoustic, and mechanical engineering. Incorporating biomimetic geometries into the design of metastructures has created low-density metamaterials with extraordinary physical and photonic properties. However, the use of surface-based biomimetic geometries restricts the freedom to tune the relative density, mechanical strength, and topological phase. The Steiner tree method inspired by the feature of the shortest connection distance in biological neural networks is applied, to create 3D metastructures and, through two-photon nanolithography, neuron-inspired 3D structures with nanoscale features are successfully achieved. Two solutions are presented to the 3D Steiner tree problem: the Steiner tree networks (STNs) and the twisted Steiner tree networks (T-STNs). STNs and T-STNs possess a lower density than surface-based metamaterials and that T-STNs have Young's modulus enhanced by 20% than the STNs. Through the analysis of the space groups and symmetries, a topological nontrivial Dirac-like conical dispersion in the T-STNs is predicted, and the results are based on calculations with true predictive power and readily realizable from microwave to optical frequencies. The neuron-inspired 3D metastructures opens a new space for designing low-density metamaterials and topological photonics with extraordinary properties triggered by a twisting degree-of-freedom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Yu
- Institute of Photonic ChipsUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
- Centre for Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of Optical‐Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
- Laboratory of Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Institute of Photonic ChipsUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
- Centre for Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of Optical‐Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
| | - Benjamin P. Cumming
- Laboratory of Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Elena Goi
- Institute of Photonic ChipsUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
- Centre for Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of Optical‐Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
| | - Jared H. Cole
- Chemical and Quantum PhysicsSchool of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| | - Haitao Luan
- Institute of Photonic ChipsUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
- Centre for Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of Optical‐Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Photonic ChipsUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
- Centre for Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of Optical‐Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic ChipsUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
- Centre for Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of Optical‐Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
- Laboratory of Artificial‐Intelligence NanophotonicsSchool of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3001Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yadav S, Majumder A. Biomimicked hierarchical 2D and 3D structures from natural templates: applications in cell biology. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34438385 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac21a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intricate structures of natural surfaces and materials have amazed people over the ages. The unique properties of various surfaces also created interest and curiosity in researchers. In the recent past, with the advent of superior microscopy techniques, we have started to understand how these complex structures provide superior properties. With that knowledge, scientists have developed various biomimicked and bio-inspired surfaces for different non-biological applications. In the last two decades, we have also started to learn how structures of the tissue microenvironment influence cell function and behaviour, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Hence, it became essential to decipher the role and importance of structural hierarchy in the cellular context. With advances in microfabricated techniques, such complex structures were made by superimposing features of different dimensions. However, the fabricated topographies are far from matching the complexities presentin vivo. Hence, the need of biomimicking the natural surfaces for cellular applications was felt. In this review, we discuss a few examples of hierarchical surfaces found in plants, insects, and vertebrates. Such structures have been widely biomimicked for various applications but rarely studied for cell-substrate interaction and cellular response. Here, we discuss the research work wherein 2D hierarchical substrates were prepared using biomimicking to understand cellular functions such as adhesion, orientation, differentiation, and formation of spheroids. Further, we also present the status of ongoing research in mimicking 3D tissue architecture using de-cellularized plant-based and tissue/organ-based scaffolds. We will also discuss 3D printing for fabricating 2D and 3D hierarchical structures. The review will end by highlighting the various advantages and research challenges in this approach. The biomimickedin-vivolike substrate can be used to better understand cellular physiology, and for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shital Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Abhijit Majumder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Krings W, Karabacak H, Gorb SN. From the knitting shop: the first physical and dynamic model of the taenioglossan radula (Mollusca: Gastropoda) aids in unravelling functional principles of the radular morphology. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210377. [PMID: 34520692 PMCID: PMC8440039 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The radula is the structure used for food processing in Mollusca. It can consist of a membrane with stiffer teeth, which is, together with alary processus, muscles and odontophoral cartilages, part of the buccal mass. In malacology, it is common practice to infer potential tooth functions from morphology. Thus, past approaches to explain functional principles are mainly hypothesis driven. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a workflow testing hypotheses on the function of teeth and buccal mass components and interaction of structures, which can contribute to understanding the structure as a whole. Here, in a non-conventional approach, we introduce a physical and dynamic radular model, based on morphological data of Spekia zonata (Gastropoda, Paludomidae). Structures were documented, computer-modelled, three-dimensional-printed and assembled to gather a simplistic but realistic physical and dynamic radular model. Such a bioinspired design enabled studying of radular kinematics and interaction of parts when underlain supporting structures were manipulated in a similar manner as could result from muscle contractions. The presented work is a first step to provide a constructional manual, paving the way for even more realistic physical radular models, which could be used for understanding radular functional morphology and for the development of novel gripping devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hasan Karabacak
- Department of Mammalogy and Paleoanthropology, Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Natterson-Horowitz B, Baccouche BM, Mary J, Shivkumar T, Bertelsen MF, Aalkjær C, Smerup MH, Ajijola OA, Hadaya J, Wang T. Did giraffe cardiovascular evolution solve the problem of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 9:248-255. [PMID: 34447575 PMCID: PMC8385250 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The evolved adaptations of other species can be a source of insight for novel biomedical innovation. Limitations of traditional animal models for the study of some pathologies are fueling efforts to find new approaches to biomedical investigation. One emerging approach recognizes the evolved adaptations in other species as possible solutions to human pathology. The giraffe heart, for example, appears resistant to pathology related to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)—a leading form of hypertension-associated cardiovascular disease in humans. Here, we postulate that the physiological pressure-induced left ventricular thickening in giraffes does not result in the pathological cardiovascular changes observed in humans with hypertension. The mechanisms underlying this cardiovascular adaptation to high blood pressure in the giraffe may be a bioinspired roadmap for preventive and therapeutic strategies for human HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Natterson-Horowitz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Basil M Baccouche
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Mary
- Zoobiquity Research Initiative at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | | | | | | | - Morten H Smerup
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Wang
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Geiselhart CM, Mutlu H, Barner‐Kowollik C. Vorbeugen oder Heilen – die beispiellose Notwendigkeit von selbstberichtenden Materialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Geiselhart
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 3 Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen 3 Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Geiselhart CM, Mutlu H, Barner‐Kowollik C. Prevent or Cure-The Unprecedented Need for Self-Reporting Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17290-17313. [PMID: 33217121 PMCID: PMC8359351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-reporting smart materials are highly relevant in modern soft matter materials science, as they allow for the autonomous detection of changes in synthetic polymers, materials, and composites. Despite critical advantages of such materials, for example, prolonged lifetime or prevention of disastrous material failures, they have gained much less attention than self-healing materials. However, as diagnosis is critical for any therapy, it is of the utmost importance to report the existence of system changes and their exact location to prevent them from spreading. Thus, we herein critically review the chemistry of self-reporting soft matter materials systems and highlight how current challenges and limitations may be overcome by successfully transferring self-reporting research concepts from the laboratory to the real world. Especially in the space of diagnostic self-reporting systems, the recent SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic indicates an urgent need for such concepts that may be able to detect the presence of viruses or bacteria on and within materials in a self-reporting fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Geiselhart
- Soft Matter Synthesis LaboratoryInstitute for Biological Interfaces 3Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein LeopoldshafenGermany
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Soft Matter Synthesis LaboratoryInstitute for Biological Interfaces 3Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein LeopoldshafenGermany
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Speck O, Speck T. Functional morphology of plants - a key to biomimetic applications. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:950-956. [PMID: 33864693 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Learning from living organisms has emerged from a mainly curiosity-driven examination, where helpful functions of biological structures have been copied, into systematic biomimetic approaches that transfer a targeted function and its underlying principles from the biological model to a technical product. Plant biomimetics is based on functional morphology, which combines the knowledge gained from the morphology, anatomy and mechanics of plants and makes a statement about their form-structure-function relationship. Since the functional morphology of plants has become key to biomimetic applications, we present its central role in deciphering the functional principles that can be applied to engineering solutions. We consider that the future of biomimetics will include bioinspired developments that will contribute to better sustainability than that achieved by conventional products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rani K. Clinical Approaches of Biomimetic: An Emerging Next Generation Technology. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.97148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic is the study of various principles of working mechanisms of naturally occurring phenomena and their further respective integrations in to such a modified advanced mechanized instruments/models of digital or artificial intelligence protocols. Hence, biomimetic has been proposed in last decades for betterment of human mankind for improving security systems by developing various convenient robotic vehicles and devices inspired by natural working phenomenon of plants, animals, birds and insects based on biochemical engineering and nanotechnology. Hence, biomimetic will be considered next generation technology to develop various robotic products in the fields of chemistry, medicine, material sciences, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering medicine, biomedical engineering to treat various diseases and congenital disorders. The characteristics of tissue engineered scaffolds are found to possess multifunctional cellular properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability and favorable mechanized properties when comes in close contact with the body fluids in vivo. This chapter will provide overall overview to the readers for the study based on reported data of developed biomimetic materials and tools exploited for various biomedical applications and tissue engineering applications which further helpful to meet the needs of the medicine and health care industries.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
According to previous research studies, consumers worldwide are searching for new natural-oriented hair products that are both skin and environmentally friendly. Worldwide waste and air pollution, with the consequent environmental disasters, represent the greatest risk to human health and economy, further increased by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among others, non-biodegradable molecules are present in hair products (fossil-based additives, surfactants, etc.) and macromolecules (plastics). Plastics waste is considered the most serious problem, representing a forecast amount of 460 million tons per year by 2030, 12% of which is reused or recycled. Most plastics consumed, therefore, go to landfills and incineration, also if their recycling is considered an important driver of industrial profitability. Thus, the use of biopolymers represents an interesting alternative to produce biodegradable goods and tissues. After an introduction to the worldwide waste problem and the hair structure, the present review proposes the possibility to make biodegradable tissues that, realized by chitin nanofibrils and nano-lignin as natural polymers, may be used to produce an innovative and smart cosmetic hairline. Chitin-derived compounds are considered interesting polymers to produce non-woven tissues able to repair the hair damages provoked by the aggressiveness of both the environment and some aggressive cosmetic treatments, such as setting, bleaching, permanent waving, and oxidative coloring. The possible activity, that positively charged polymers such as chitin could have, has been speculated, interfering with the constitution and organization of the hair fibrils’ structure, which is negatively charged. The possibility of selecting biopolymers for their packaging is also discussed. Moreover, the use of these biopolymers, obtained from forestry-agro-food waste, may be of help to safeguard the further consumption of natural raw materials, necessary for future generations, also maintaining the earth’s biodiversity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Esser FJ, Auth P, Speck T. Artificial Venus Flytraps: A Research Review and Outlook on Their Importance for Novel Bioinspired Materials Systems. Front Robot AI 2021; 7:75. [PMID: 33501242 PMCID: PMC7806029 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired and biomimetic soft machines rely on functions and working principles that have been abstracted from biology but that have evolved over 3.5 billion years. So far, few examples from the huge pool of natural models have been examined and transferred to technical applications. Like living organisms, subsequent generations of soft machines will autonomously respond, sense, and adapt to the environment. Plants as concept generators remain relatively unexplored in biomimetic approaches to robotics and related technologies, despite being able to grow, and continuously adapt in response to environmental stimuli. In this research review, we highlight recent developments in plant-inspired soft machine systems based on movement principles. We focus on inspirations taken from fast active movements in the carnivorous Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) and compare current developments in artificial Venus flytraps with their biological role model. The advantages and disadvantages of current systems are also analyzed and discussed, and a new state-of-the-art autonomous system is derived. Incorporation of the basic structural and functional principles of the Venus flytrap into novel autonomous applications in the field of robotics not only will inspire further plant-inspired biomimetic developments but might also advance contemporary plant-inspired robots, leading to fully autonomous systems utilizing bioinspired working concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk J Esser
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Auth
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group and Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Freiburg, Germany.,FMF, Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Demura T. Preface to the special issue "Approaches for strategies of mechanical optimization in plants". PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:393-395. [PMID: 33850425 PMCID: PMC8034703 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0001p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
van Ravensteijn BGP, Voets IK, Kegel WK, Eelkema R. Out-of-Equilibrium Colloidal Assembly Driven by Chemical Reaction Networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10639-10656. [PMID: 32787015 PMCID: PMC7497707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transient assembled structures play an indispensable role in a wide variety of processes fundamental to living organisms including cellular transport, cell motility, and proliferation. Typically, the formation of these transient structures is driven by the consumption of molecular fuels via dissipative reaction networks. In these networks, building blocks are converted from inactive precursor states to active (assembling) states by (a set of) irreversible chemical reactions. Since the activated state is intrinsically unstable and can be maintained only in the presence of sufficient fuel, fuel depletion results in the spontaneous disintegration of the formed superstructures. Consequently, the properties and behavior of these assembled structures are governed by the kinetics of fuel consumption rather than by their thermodynamic stability. This fuel dependency endows biological systems with unprecedented spatiotemporal adaptability and inherent self-healing capabilities. Fascinated by these unique material characteristics, coupling the assembly behavior to molecular fuel or light-driven reaction networks was recently implemented in synthetic (supra)molecular systems. In this invited feature article, we discuss recent studies demonstrating that dissipative assembly is not limited to the molecular world but can also be translated to building blocks of colloidal dimensions. We highlight crucial guiding principles for the successful design of dissipative colloidal systems and illustrate these with the current state of the art. Finally, we present our vision on the future of the field and how marrying nonequilibrium self-assembly with the functional properties associated with colloidal building blocks presents a promising route for the development of next-generation materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bas G. P. van Ravensteijn
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Willem K. Kegel
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Utrecht
University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hesse L, Kampowski T, Leupold J, Caliaro S, Speck T, Speck O. Comparative Analyses of the Self-Sealing Mechanisms in Leaves of Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis (Aizoaceae). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165768. [PMID: 32796721 PMCID: PMC7460835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the Aizoaceae, the genus Delosperma exhibits a vast diversification colonizing various ecological niches in South-Africa and showing evolutionary adaptations to dry habitats that might include rapid self-sealing. Leaves of Delosperma react to external damage by the bending or contraction of the entire leaf until wound edges are brought into contact. A study of leaf morphology and anatomy, biomechanics of entire leaves and individual tissues and self-sealing kinematics after a ring incision under low and high relative humidity (RH) was carried out comparing the closely related species Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis, which are indigenous to semi-arid highlands and regions with an oceanic climate, respectively. For both species, the absolute contractions of the examined leaf segments ("apex", "incision", "base") were more pronounced at low RH levels. Independent of the given RH level, the absolute contractions within the incision region of D. cooperi were significantly higher than in all other segments of this species and of D. ecklonis. The more pronounced contraction of D. cooperi leaves was linked mainly to the elastic properties of the central vascular strand, which is approximately twice as flexible as that of D. ecklonis leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Hesse
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-2930
| | - Tim Kampowski
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Leupold
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Sandra Caliaro
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
De Vivo L, Matsushita AK, Kupor D, Luna J, Tierra BA, Sah RL, Lubarda VA, Meyers MA, McKittrick JM, Krysl P, Kuester F. Cholla cactus frames as lightweight and torsionally tough biological materials. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:213-224. [PMID: 32413578 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological materials tested in compression, tension, and impact inspire designs for strong and tough materials, but torsion is a relatively neglected loading mode. The wood skeletons of cholla cacti, subject to spartan desert conditions and hurricane force winds, provide a new template for torsionally resilient biological materials. Novel mesostructural characterization methods of laser-scanning and photogrammetry are used alongside traditional optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography to identify mechanisms responsible for torsional resistance. These methods, in combination with finite element analysis reveal how cholla meso and macro-porosity and fibril orientation contribute to highly density-efficient mechanical behavior. Selective lignification and macroscopic tubercle pore geometry contribute to density-efficient shear stiffness, while mesoscopic wood fiber straightening, delamination, pore collapse, and fiber pullout provide extrinsic toughening mechanisms. These energy absorbing mechanisms are enabled by the hydrated material level properties. Together, these hierarchical behaviors allow the cholla to far exceed bamboo and trabecular bone in its ability to combine specific torsional stiffness, strength, and toughness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The Cholla cactus experiences, due to the high velocity desert winds, high torsional loads. Our study has revealed the amazingly ingenious strategy by which the tubular structure containing arrays of voids intermeshed with wood fibers resists these high loads. Deformation is governed by compressive and tensile stresses which are greatest at 45 degrees to the cross section. It proceeds by stretching, sliding, and bending of the wood fibers which are coupled with the pore collapse, resulting in delayed failure and a high torsional toughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Vivo
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Albert K Matsushita
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Kupor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Josue Luna
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Beatrice A Tierra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rober L Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Vlado A Lubarda
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marc A Meyers
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joanna M McKittrick
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Petr Krysl
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Falko Kuester
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Smart Materials. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119683360.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
41
|
Osypova A, Dübner M, Panzarasa G. Oscillating Reactions Meet Polymers at Interfaces. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2957. [PMID: 32630641 PMCID: PMC7372367 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-mechanical phenomena, including oscillations and peristaltic motions, are widespread in nature-just think of heartbeats-thanks to the ability of living organisms to convert directly chemical energy into mechanical work. Their imitation with artificial systems is still an open challenge. Chemical clocks and oscillators (such as the popular Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction) are reaction networks characterized by the emergence of peculiar spatiotemporal dynamics. Their application to polymers at interfaces (grafted chains, layer-by-layer assemblies, and polymer brushes) offers great opportunities for developing novel smart biomimetic materials. Despite the wide field of potential applications, limited research has been carried out so far. Here, we aim to showcase the state-of-the-art of this fascinating field of investigation, highlighting the potential for future developments and providing a personal outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Osypova
- Innovative Sensor Technology IST AG, Stegrütistrasse 14, 9642 Ebnat-Kappel, Switzerland;
| | - Matthias Dübner
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Guido Panzarasa
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Synthetic Biochemistry: The Bio-inspired Cell-Free Approach to Commodity Chemical Production. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:766-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
43
|
Mylo MD, Krüger F, Speck T, Speck O. Self-Repair in Cacti Branches: Comparative Analyses of Their Morphology, Anatomy, and Biomechanics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134630. [PMID: 32610697 PMCID: PMC7370035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-repair is particularly important for the maintenance of the water-storing abilities of succulent plants such as cacti. Comparative morphological, anatomical, and biomechanical analyses of self-repair were performed on artificially wounded branches of Opuntiaficus-indica and Cylindropuntia bigelovii. Macroscopic observations, contrast staining, and lignin-proof staining were used to investigate morphological and anatomical responses after wounding at various time intervals. Two-point bending tests were repeatedly performed on the same branches under unwounded, freshly wounded, and healed conditions by using customized 3D-printed clamping jaws. Morphologically, both species showed a rolling-in of the wound edges, but no mucilage discharge. Anatomically, ligno-suberized peridermal layers developed that covered the wound region, and new parenchyma cells formed, especially in O. ficus-indica. In all samples, the wounding effect directly after damage caused a decrease between 18% and 37% in all the tested mechanical parameters, whereas a positive healing effect after 21 days was only found for C. bigelovii. Based on our data, we hypothesize a high selection pressure on the restoration of structural integrity in the wound area, with a focus on the development of efficient water-retaining mechanisms, whereas the concept of “sufficient is good enough” seems to apply for the restoration of the mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max D. Mylo
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (F.K.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Friederike Krüger
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (F.K.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Physics of Interfaces (CPI) Department of Microsystems Engineering—IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (F.K.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (F.K.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Built Environment. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119683360.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
45
|
Dzhardimalieva GI, Yadav BC, Singh S, Uflyand IE. Self-healing and shape memory metallopolymers: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3042-3087. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent achievements and problems associated with the use of metallopolymers as self-healing and shape memory materials are presented and evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Laboratory of Metallopolymers
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS
- Chernogolovka
- 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Bal C. Yadav
- Nanomaterials and Sensors Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
- Lucknow-226025
- India
| | - Shakti Singh
- Nanomaterials and Sensors Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
- Lucknow-226025
- India
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- 344006 Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Speck T, Speck O. Quo vadis plant biomechanics: Old wine in new bottles or an up-and-coming field of modern plant science? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1399-1403. [PMID: 31618448 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanic Garden, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kobayashi Y, Akama S, Ohori S, Kawai M, Mitsumata T. Magnetic Elastomers with Smart Variable Elasticity Mimetic to Sea Cucumber. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:biomimetics4040068. [PMID: 31601006 PMCID: PMC6963960 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A magnetic-responsive elastomer consisting of magnetic elastomer and zinc oxide with a tetrapod shape and long arms was fabricated mimetic to the tissue of sea cucumber in which collagen fibrils are dispersed. Only the part of magnetic elastomer is active to magnetic fields, zinc oxide plays a role of reinforcement for the chain structure of magnetic particles formed under magnetic fields. The magnetic response of storage modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers was measured when the magnetic particle was substituted to a nonmagnetic one, while keeping the total volume fraction of both particles. The change in storage modulus obeyed basically a mixing rule. However, a remarkable enhancement was observed at around the substitution ratio of 0.20. In addition, the bimodal magnetic elastomers with tetrapods exhibited apparent change in storage modulus even at regions with a high substitution ratio where monomodal magnetic elastomers consist of only magnetic particles with less response to the magnetic field. This strongly indicates that discontinuous chains of small amounts of magnetic particles were bridged by the nonmagnetic tetrapods. On the contrary, the change in storage modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers with zinc oxide with irregular shape showed a mixing rule with a substitution ratio below 0.30. However, it decreased significantly at the substitution ratio above it. The structures of bimodal magnetic elastomers with tetrapods and the tissue of sea cucumber with collagen fibrils are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
- ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Shota Akama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
- ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Suguru Ohori
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Mika Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
- ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
| | - Tetsu Mitsumata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
- ALCA, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|