1
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Torii A, Seki Y, Sasano R, Ishida Y, Nakamura K, Ito R, Iwasaki Y, Iijima K, Akiyama H. Development of a rapid and reliable method to simultaneously detect seven food allergens in processed foods using LC-MS/MS. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101558. [PMID: 38984290 PMCID: PMC11231652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid analysis of multiple food allergens is required to confirm the appropriateness of food allergen labelling in processed foods. This study aimed to develop a rapid and reliable method to simultaneously detect trace amounts of seven food allergenic proteins (wheat, buckwheat, milk, egg, crustacean, peanut, and walnut) in processed foods using LC-MS/MS. Suspension-trapping (S-Trap) columns and on-line automated solid-phase extraction were used to improve the complex and time-consuming pretreatment process previously required for allergen analysis using LC-MS/MS. The developed method enabled the simultaneous detection of selected marker peptides for specific proteins derived from seven food ingredients in five types of incurred samples amended with trace amounts of allergenic proteins. The limit of detection values of the method for each protein were estimated to be <1 mg/kg. The developed analytical approach is considered an effective screening method for confirming food allergen labelling on a wide range of processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Torii
- Nisshin Seifun Group Inc., 5-3-1 Tsurugaoka, Fujimino-City, Saitama 356-8511, Japan
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seki
- Nisshin Seifun Group Inc., 5-3-1 Tsurugaoka, Fujimino-City, Saitama 356-8511, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sasano
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- AiSTI SCIENCE CO., Ltd., 18-3 Arimoto, Wakayama-City, Wakayama 640-8390, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishida
- Nisshin Seifun Group Inc., 5-3-1 Tsurugaoka, Fujimino-City, Saitama 356-8511, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakamura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Rie Ito
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Iijima
- Nisshin Seifun Group Inc., 5-3-1 Tsurugaoka, Fujimino-City, Saitama 356-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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2
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Park J. Smartphone based lateral flow immunoassay quantifications. J Immunol Methods 2024; 533:113745. [PMID: 39173705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFI) is a disposable tool designed to detect target substances using minimal resources. For qualitative analysis, LFI does not require a device (i.e., reader) to interpret test results. However, various studies have been conducted to implement quantitative analysis using LFI systems, incorporating LFI along with electrical/electronic readers, to overcome the limitations associated with qualitative LFI analysis. The reader used for the quantitative analysis of LFI should ensure mobility for easy on-site diagnostics and inspections, be user-friendly in operation, and have a fast processing speed until the results are obtained. Due to these requirements, smartphones are increasingly utilized as readers in quantitative analysis of LFI. Among the various components constituting a smartphone, high-performance cameras can serve as sensors converting visual signals into electrical signals. With powerful processing units, large storage capacity, and network capabilities for transmitting analysis results, smartphones are also utilized as interfaces for quantitative analysis. Absolutely, the widespread global use of smartphones is a key advantage, leading to their utilization as diagnostic devices for acquiring, analyzing, storing, and transmitting assay test results. This paper summarizes research cases where smartphones are utilized as readers for quantitative LFI systems used in confirming contamination in food or the environment, detecting drugs, and diagnosing diseases in humans or animals. The systems are classified based on the types of label particles used in the assay, and efforts to improve the quantitative analysis performance for each are examined. Cases where smartphones were used as LFI readers for the diagnosis of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), which has recently caused significant global damage, have also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ebbah E, Amissah A, Kim JH, Driskell JD. SERS-based immunoassay on a plasmonic syringe filter for improved sampling and labeling efficiency of biomarkers. Analyst 2023; 149:221-230. [PMID: 38018888 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01899g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection of biomarkers is needed for early diagnosis of disease and surveillance of infectious outbreaks. Here, we exploit a plasmonic syringe filter and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in the development of a rapid detection system, using human IgG as a model diagnostic biomarker. The novel assay design facilitates multiple passages of the sample and labeling solution through the detection zone enabling us to investigate and maximize sampling efficiency to the capture substrate. The vertical flow immunoassay process in this study involves the utilization of filter paper embedded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a plasmonic substrate. Capture antibody (anti-human IgG) is then immobilized onto the prepared plasmonic paper and inserted into a vertical flow device (syringe filter holder). Sample solution is passed through the filter paper and the target antigen (human IgG) is selectively captured by the immobilized antibody to form an antibody-antigen complex. Next, functionalized AuNPs as extrinsic Raman labels (ERLs) are passed through the filter paper to label the captured biomarker molecules forming a layered structure. This sandwiched geometry enhances plasmonic coupling and SERS signal to provide highly sensitive detection of biomolecules. Systematic studies to investigate the impact of multiple infuse/withdraw cycles of the sample and labeling solutions reveal that antigen and ERL binding are maximized with 10 and 20 cycles, respectively. The optimized assay achieves a detection limit of ∼0.2 ng mL-1 for human IgG with a total assay time of less than 5 minutes, meeting the demands for rapid point of care diagnostics. Additionally, the optimized platform was implemented in the quantitative analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, the typical target in commercial, FDA-approved rapid antigen tests for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Ebbah
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Anthony Amissah
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Jun-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Jeremy D Driskell
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
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4
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Kropaneva M, Khramtsov P, Bochkova M, Lazarev S, Kiselkov D, Rayev M. Vertical Flow Immunoassay Based on Carbon Black Nanoparticles for the Detection of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Human Serum: Proof-of-Concept. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:857. [PMID: 37754091 PMCID: PMC10526127 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care tests play an important role in serological diagnostics of infectious diseases and post-vaccination immunity monitoring, including in COVID-19. Currently, lateral flow tests dominate in this area and show good analytical performance. However, studies to improve the effectiveness of such tests remain important. In comparison with lateral flow tests, vertical flow immunoassays allow for a reduction in assay duration and the influence of the hook effect. Additionally, the use of carbon black nanoparticles (CNPs) as a color label can provide a lower detection limit (LOD) compared to conventional colloidal gold. Therefore, we have developed a vertical flow immunoassay for the detection of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human serum samples by applying a conjugate of CNPs with anti-human IgG mouse monoclonal antibodies (CNP@MAb). The vertical flow assay device consists of a plastic cassette with a hole on its top containing a nitrocellulose membrane coated with spike protein and an absorbent pad. The serum sample, washing buffer, and CNP@MAb flow vertically through the nitrocellulose membrane and absorbent pads, reducing assay time and simplifying the procedure. In positive samples, the interaction of CNP@MAb with anti-spike antibodies leads to the appearance of black spots, which can be visually detected. The developed method allows for rapid visual detection (5-7 min) of IgG vs. spike protein, with a LOD of 7.81 BAU/mL. It has been shown that an untrained operator can perform the assay and visually evaluate its results. Thus, the presented assay can be used in the further development of test systems for the serological diagnostics of COVID-19 or post-vaccination immunity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kropaneva
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Pavel Khramtsov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Maria Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Kiselkov
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Mikhail Rayev
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia; (M.K.); (M.R.)
- Biology Faculty, Perm State University, 614990 Perm, Russia
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5
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Xiao C, Ross G, Nielen MWF, Eriksson J, Salentijn GI, Mak WC. A portable smartphone-based imaging surface plasmon resonance biosensor for allergen detection in plant-based milks. Talanta 2023; 257:124366. [PMID: 36863294 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are hypersensitivity immune responses triggered by (traces of) allergenic compounds in foods and drinks. The recent trend towards plant-based and lactose-free diets has driven an increased consumption of plant-based milks (PBMs) with the risk of cross-contamination of various allergenic plant-based proteins during the food manufacturing process. Conventional allergen screening is usually performed in the laboratory, but portable biosensors for on-site screening of food allergens at the production site could improve quality control and food safety. Here, we developed a portable smartphone imaging surface plasmon resonance (iSPR) biosensor composed of a 3D-printed microfluidic SPR chip for the detection of total hazelnut protein (THP) in commercial PBMs and compared its instrumentation and analytical performance with a conventional benchtop SPR. The smartphone iSPR shows similar characteristic sensorgrams compared with the benchtop SPR and enables the detection of trace levels of THP in spiked PBMs with the lowest tested concentration of 0.625 μg/mL THP. The smartphone iSPR achieved LoDs of 0.53, 0.16, 0.14, 0.06, and 0.04 μg/mL THP in 10x-diluted soy, oat, rice, coconut, and almond PBMs, respectively, with good correlation with the conventional benchtop SPR system (R2 0.950-0.991). The portability and miniaturized characteristics of the smartphone iSPR biosensor platform make it promising for the future on-site detection of food allergens by food producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Xiao
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM - Linköping University, S58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Georgina Ross
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM - Linköping University, S58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gert Ij Salentijn
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM - Linköping University, S58183, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Su X, Liu X, Xie Y, Chen M, Zheng C, Zhong H, Li M. Integrated SERS-Vertical Flow Biosensor Enabling Multiplexed Quantitative Profiling of Serological Exosomal Proteins in Patients for Accurate Breast Cancer Subtyping. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4077-4088. [PMID: 36758150 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein profiles of exosomes (EXOs) in clinical samples of cancer patients have become a promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. However, simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple exosomal proteins of interest remains challenging. To address the unmet need, we develop a paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-vertical flow biosensor, named iREX (integrated Raman spectroscopic EXO) biosensor, for multiplexed quantitative profiling of exosomal proteins in clinical serum samples of patients. Utilizing this iREX biosensor, we are able to quantitatively profile MUC1, HER2 and CEA in EXO samples derived from various breast cancer cell subtypes. The results show discriminative expression profiles of the three exosomal proteins in these cell subtypes, which allows for accurate diagnosis and molecular subtyping of breast cancer. We further validate the clinical utility of the iREX biosensor for simultaneous quantitative analysis of MUC1, HER2 and CEA in patient's blood serums, thereby aiding in noninvasive breast cancer subtyping and longitudinal treatment monitoring. Our iREX biosensor integrating the SERS detection in a vertical flow diagnostic device offers great advantages of high sensitivity, molecular specificity, powerful multiplexing capability, and high diagnostic accuracy. We believe that the iREX biosensor could be a promising clinical tool for comprehensive analysis of exosomal proteins in clinical samples for personalized diagnosis and precise management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yangcenzi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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7
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Development of a simple and reliable LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously detect walnut and almond as specified in food allergen labelling regulations in processed foods. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100444. [PMID: 36699117 PMCID: PMC9868337 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a simple and reliable analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to simultaneously detect walnut and almond as specified in regulations for food allergen labelling in processed foods. Five specific target peptides derived from walnut 2S albumin and 7S globulin and three target peptides from almond 11S globulin were selected by analysing several varieties of walnut and almond, eight kinds of other nuts, and ten kinds of major allergen ingredients or cereals. The limit of detection for the walnut 2S albumin peptide GEEMEEMVQSAR (m/z 698.3 [precursor] > 316.1 [product]) was 0.22 ± 0.02 μg/g, and that for almond 11S globulin peptide GNLDFVQPPR (m/z 571.8 [precursor] > 369.2 [product]) was 0.08 ± 0.02 μg/g when extracted walnut and almond protein were spiked into butter cookie chocolate ice cream. These peptides had good linearity (R2 > 0.999) for each calibration curve with a range of 0.1-50 μg/mL protein concentration in the sample solutions, and sufficient recovery rates (90.4-101.5%) from the spiked samples. The developed analytical approach is applicable to a wide variety of processed foods for food allergen labelling.
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8
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Devadhasan JP, Summers AJ, Gu J, Smith S, Thomas B, Fattahi A, Helton J, Pandit SG, Gates-Hollingsworth M, Hau D, Pflughoeft KJ, Montgomery DC, Atta S, Vo-Dinh T, AuCoin D, Zenhausern F. Point-of-care vertical flow immunoassay system for ultra-sensitive multiplex biothreat-agent detection in biological fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114796. [PMID: 36257115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents simple, fast, and sensitive detection of multiple biothreat agents by paper-based vertical flow colorimetric sandwich immunoassay for detection of Yersinia pestis (LcrV and F1) and Francisella tularensis (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) antigens using a vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) prototype with portable syringe pump and a new membrane holder. The capture antibody (cAb) printing onto nitrocellulose membrane and gold-labelled detection antibody (dAb) were optimized to enhance the assay sensitivity and specificity. Even though the paper pore size was relaxed from previous 0.1 μm to the current 0.45 μm for serum samples, detection limits as low as 0.050 ng/mL for LcrV and F1, and 0.100 ng/mL for FtLPS have been achieved in buffer and similarly in diluted serum (with LcrV and F1 LODs remained the same and LPS LOD reduced to 0.250 ng/mL). These were 40, 80, and 50X (20X for LPS in serum) better than those from lateral flow configuration. Furthermore, the comparison of multiplex format demonstrated low cross-reactivity and equal sensitivity to that of the singleplex assay. The optimized VFI platform thus provides a portable and rapid on-site monitoring system for multiplex biothreat detection with the potential for high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and multiplexing capability, supporting its utility in remote and resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pramila Devadhasan
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Alexander Jarrett Summers
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Stanley Smith
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Baiju Thomas
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Ali Fattahi
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - James Helton
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sujata G Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Derrick Hau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kathryn J Pflughoeft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Douglas C Montgomery
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Supriya Atta
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0281, USA
| | - David AuCoin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, 85721-0020, USA.
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Nelis JLD, Moddejongen S, Guan X, Anderson A, Colgrave ML, Broadbent JA. Secure Food-Allergen Determination by Combining Smartphone-Based Raw Image Analyses and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Proteins Contained in Lateral Flow Assays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17046-17054. [PMID: 36445804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current food safety testing system, based on laboratory-based quantification, is difficult to scale up in line with the growth in the export market and does not enable traceability through the nodes of the food supply system. Screening assays, for example, lateral flow assays (LFAs), can improve traceability but often lack the required reliability to guarantee compliance. Here, we present an alternative pipeline for secure on-site compliance testing, using allergens as a case study. The pipeline features smartphone-driven LFA quantification and an liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method enabling direct quantification of the allergens contained in the LFA. The system enables swift and objective screening and provides a control measure to verify LFA assay reliability. For the smartphone assay, 8-bit RGB and grayscale colorimetric channels were compared with 16-bit raw intensity values. The latter outperformed RGB and grayscale channels in sensitivity, repeatability, and precision, while ratiometric ambient light correction resulted in excellent robustness for light-intensity variation. Calibration curves for peanut determination using two commercial LFAs featured excellent analytical parameters (R2 = 0.97-0.99; RSD 7-1%; LOD 3-7 ppm). Gluten determination with a third commercial LFA was equally established. A prediction error of 13 ± 11% was achieved for the best performing assay. Good performance-calibration curves (R2 = 0.93-0.99) and CVs (<15%)- were observed for the analyte quantification from the LFA by LC-MS. The LOD for the LC-MS assay was 0.5 ppm, well below the LODs reported for the LFAs. This method creates a digital, fast, and secure food safety compliance testing paradigm that can benefit the industry and consumer alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost L D Nelis
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K
| | - Sarah Moddejongen
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Xinlong Guan
- Data61, CSIRO, Eveleigh, New South Wales 2015, Australia
| | - Alisha Anderson
- Health & Biosecurity, CSIRO, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
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Rapid vertical flow technique for the highly sensitive detection of Brucella antibodies with Prussian blue nanoparticle labeling and nanozyme-catalyzed signal amplification. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:23. [PMID: 36422675 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Brucella, which is characterized by inflammation of reproductive organs and fetal membranes, abortion, infertility, and local inflammatory lesions of various tissues. Due to the widespread prevalence and spread of brucellosis, it has not only caused huge losses to animal husbandry, but also brought serious impacts on human health and safety. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis is of great significance for the effective control of brucellosis. Therefore, we have developed a rapid vertical flow technique (RVFT) using Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) as a marker material for the detection of brucellosis antibodies. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was purified and used to detect brucellosis antibodies to improve the sensitivity of this technique. To enhance the sensitivity of serum antibody detection, a single multifunctional compound buffer was created using whole blood as a biological sample while retaining the advantages of typical lateral flow immunoassays. After signal amplification, standard Brucella-positive serum (containing Brucella antibody at 4000 IU mL-1) could be detected in this system even at a dilution factor of 1 × 10-2. The detection limit was 40 IU mL-1, which is ten times that before signal amplification. This RVFT displayed good specificity and no cross-reactivity. This RVFT effectively avoided the false negative phenomenon of lateral flow immunoassays, was easy to operate, had a short reaction time, has good repeatability, and could elicit results that were visible to the naked eye for 2 ~ 3 min without any equipment. Since this method is very important for controlling the prevalence of brucellosis, it holds great promise for application in primary medical units and veterinary brucellosis detection.
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Summers AJ, Devadhasan JP, Gu J, Montgomery DC, Fischer B, Gates-Hollingsworth MA, Pflughoeft KJ, Vo-Dinh T, AuCoin DP, Zenhausern F. Optimization of an Antibody Microarray Printing Process Using a Designed Experiment. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32262-32271. [PMID: 36120062 PMCID: PMC9476517 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibody microarrays have proven useful in immunoassay-based point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases. Noncontact piezoelectric inkjet printing has advantages to print antibody microarrays on nitrocellulose substrates for this application due to its compatibility with sensitive solutions and substrates, simple droplet control, and potential for high-capacity printing. However, there remain real-world challenges in printing such microarrays, which motivated this study. The effects of three concentrations of capture antibody (cAb) reagents and nozzle hydrostatic pressures were chosen to investigate three responses: the number of printed membrane disks, dispensing performance, and microarray quality. Printing conditions were found to be most ideal with 5 mg/mL cAb and a nozzle hydrostatic pressure near zero, which produced 130 membrane disks in a single print versus the 10 membrane disks per print before optimization. These results serve to inform efficient printing of antibody microarrays on nitrocellulose membranes for rapid immunoassay-based detection of infectious diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Summers
- Center
for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Jasmine P. Devadhasan
- Center
for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Jian Gu
- Center
for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, The University
of Arizona, College of Medicine, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United
States
| | - Douglas C. Montgomery
- School
of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1004, United States
| | - Brittany Fischer
- School
of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1004, United States
| | | | - Kathryn J. Pflughoeft
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0705, United States
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick
Institute for Photonics, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and
Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, United States
| | - David P. AuCoin
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557-0705, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center
for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, The University
of Arizona, College of Medicine, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United
States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The University
of Arizona, College of Engineering, 1127 E James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United
States
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12
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Willemsen L, Wichers J, Xu M, Van Hoof R, Van Dooremalen C, Van Amerongen A, Peters J. Biosensing Chlorpyrifos in Environmental Water Samples by a Newly Developed Carbon Nanoparticle-Based Indirect Lateral Flow Assay. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090735. [PMID: 36140120 PMCID: PMC9496275 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used in agriculture to prevent pests. Chlorpyrifos (CHLP) is an insecticide with potentially detrimental effects on humans, bees, and the aquatic environment. Its effects have led to a total ban by the European Union (EU), but outside the EU, CHLP is still produced and used. An indirect lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the detection of CHLP was developed and integrated into a cassette to create a lateral flow device (LFD). Species-specific reporter antibodies were coupled to carbon nanoparticles to create a detector conjugate. Water samples were mixed with a specific CHLP monoclonal antibody and detector conjugate and applied to the LFD. Dose-response curves elicited the detection of low concentrations of CHLP (<1 µg/L). This sensitivity was recorded through a rapid handheld digital imaging device but also visually by naked eye. The CHLP LFD was applied to a range of European surface water samples, fortified with CHLP, revealing a sensitivity in these matrices of 2 µg/L, both by digital and visual analysis. To improve the simplicity of the CHLP LFIA, the assay reagents were dried in tubes, enabling to carry out the test by simply adding water samples and inserting the LFIA strips. This CHLP LFIA is thus suited for the on-site screening of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Willemsen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wichers
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mang Xu
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Van Hoof
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aart Van Amerongen
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-317-480579
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13
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Luminescent Aptamer-Based Bioassays for Sensitive Detection of Food Allergens. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080644. [PMID: 36005040 PMCID: PMC9405952 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of hidden allergens in food products, often due to unintended contamination along the food supply chain (production, transformation, processing, and transport), has raised the urgent need for rapid and reliable analytical methods for detecting trace levels of such species in food products. Indeed, food allergens represent a high-risk factor for allergic subjects due to potentially life-threatening adverse reactions. Portable biosensors based on immunoassays have already been developed as rapid, sensitive, selective, and low-cost analytical platforms that can replace analyses with traditional bench-top instrumentation. Recently, aptamers have attracted great interest as alternative biorecognition molecules for bioassays, since they can bind a variety of targets with high specificity and selectivity, and they enable the development of assays exploiting a variety of transduction and detection technologies. In particular, aptasensors based on luminescence detection have been proposed, taking advantage of the development of ultrasensitive tracers and enhancers. This review aims to summarize and discuss recent efforts in the field of food allergen analysis using aptamer-based bioassays with luminescence detection.
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14
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Zhang X, Fishlock S, Sharpe P, McLaughlin J. Cystatin C as a biomarker for cardiorenal syndrome diseases quantitative diagnostics and monitoring via point-of-care. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:1428-1431. [PMID: 36086551 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With heart failure (HF) and renal malfunction becoming global public health issues, there is an urgent need to monitor diseases at home or in the community. Point-of-care testing (POC) would shorten the patients waiting time compared with laboratory molecular analysis. This work evaluates two types of gold nanomaterials, and two assay protocols, to develop a lateral flow (LF) system for Cystatin C (CysC) quantification. Of the protocols, the 'delayed-release' shows the alleviation of the hook effects with 1% BSA running buffer (RB), albeit at increased complexity with three steps of washing. The standard method with sample dilution (1: 150 sample dilution for GNPs, and 1:10 sample dilution for GNRs) can ensure the clinical range detection of CysC as 1 mg/L with partial LF assays. GNPs have stronger optical signal intensity compared with GNRs and developed full LF assays with GNPs require 1:1.5 sample dilution in recombinant Cys C detection. The ideal sample dilution ratio is different for partial and full LF assays. Clinical Relevance- This work is the basis of future work that will use LF devices for human serum/plasma monitoring to assess kidney function related to heart failure during medication. The specificity, sensitivity, and limit of detection will be validated via a clinical trial before potential clinical use.
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15
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Tahmasebi M, Bamdad T, Svendsen WE, Forouzandeh-Moghadam M. An enzymatic nucleic acid vertical flow assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3605-3615. [PMID: 35352165 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vertical flow assays have been developed in recent years addressing limitations of the lateral flow assays, including limited multiplexing capability, quantitation, and hook effect. In the present study, the first passive paper-based vertical flow assay is developed for the detection of the nucleic acid target. Horseradish peroxidase was used as an enzymatic tracer with a high potential for signal amplification. In order to achieve the best signal-to-noise ratio, different parameters of paper-based assays were optimized. The sample is heat denatured and hybridized with a specific probe to form a dual-labeled hybridization complex. A small volume of diluted sample, 12 µl, can be analyzed within 6 min on the assay in a sandwich format. Assay specificity was evaluated by testing different unrelated samples, and also, 1.7 nM was obtained as the limit of detection (LOD) using the 0 + 3SD method, which is equivalent to 8.5 fmol of double-stranded DNA in the 12 µl sample volume. The linear range of 3-194 nM with a 0.978 correlation coefficient was obtained according to the calibration curve. The developed assay was evaluated with 45 hepatitis B virus clinical plasma samples, and the result showed 100% consistency of the assay with the real-time PCR benchmark. In the present study, we sought to develop a mere detection system for nucleic acid targets, and to investigate the possibility of using enzyme reporter in a passive vertical flow assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Tahmasebi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taravat Bamdad
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Winnie Edith Svendsen
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Forouzandeh-Moghadam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Lázaro A, Maquieira Á, Tortajada-Genaro LA. Discrimination of Single-Nucleotide Variants Based on an Allele-Specific Hybridization Chain Reaction and Smartphone Detection. ACS Sens 2022; 7:758-765. [PMID: 35188365 PMCID: PMC8961872 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Massive DNA testing
requires novel technologies to support a sustainable
health system. In recent years, DNA superstructures have emerged as
alternative probes and transducers. We, herein, report a multiplexed
and highly sensitive approach based on an allele-specific hybridization
chain reaction (AS-HCR) in the array format to detect single-nucleotide
variants. Fast isothermal amplification was developed before activating
the HCR process on a chip to work with genomic DNA. The assay principle
was demonstrated, and the variables for integrating the AS-HCR process
and smartphone-based detection were also studied. The results were
compared to a conventional polymerase reaction chain (PCR)-based test.
The developed multiplex method enabled higher selectivity against
single-base mismatch sequences at concentrations as low as 103 copies with a limit of detection of 0.7% of the mutant DNA
percentage and good reproducibility (relative error: 5% for intra-assay
and 17% for interassay). As proof of concept, the AS-HCR method was
applied to clinical samples, including human cell cultures and biopsied
tissues of cancer patients. Accurate identification of single-nucleotide
mutations in KRAS and NRAS genes
was validated, considering those obtained from the reference sequencing
method. To conclude, AS-HCR is a rapid, simple, accurate, and cost-effective
isothermal method that detects clinically relevant genetic variants
and has a high potential for point-of-care demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lázaro
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis A. Tortajada-Genaro
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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17
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Xiao C, Eriksson J, Suska A, Filippini D, Mak WC. Print-and-stick unibody microfluidics coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip for smartphone imaging SPR (Smart-iSRP). Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1201:339606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Kaur M, Eltzov E. Optimizing Effective Parameters to Enhance the Sensitivity of Vertical Flow Assay for Detection of Escherichia coli. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:63. [PMID: 35200324 PMCID: PMC8869093 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vertical flow immunoassays (VFIAs) are considered potential point-of-care testing (POCT) devices compared to lateral flow assays due to their ability to analyze a comparatively large sample volume and ease of multiplexing. However, VFIA devices are limited by low analytical sensitivity when coupled with a visual colorimetric signal. Herein, we carefully analyzed key parameters that accounted for the proper functionality of VFIA that can be modified to enhance the overall sensitivity of VFIA. In particular, we focused on improving the stability of conjugate pads impregnated with capture antibodies, maintaining a controlled flow rate to ensure higher analyte reactivity with capture antibodies, and enhancing the absorption efficiency. The results showed that air-drying of conjugate pads in the presence of 5% (w/v) lactose significantly improved the stability of antibodies during long-term storage. Integration of dissolvable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane of optimal concentration as a time-barrier film into the sensor delayed the flow of samples, thereby increasing the biorecognition interaction time between immunoreagents for the formation of immuno-complexes, which in turn led to higher sensitivity of the assay. Furthermore, the employment of an absorbent pad with higher water holding capacity significantly reduced the non-specific binding of immunocomplexes, thereby reducing the possibility of false-negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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19
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Immunological Analytical Techniques for Cosmetics Quality Control and Process Monitoring. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmetics analysis represents a rapidly expanding field of analytical chemistry as new cosmetic formulations are increasingly in demand on the market and the ingredients required for their production are constantly evolving. Each country applies strict legislation regarding substances in the final product that must be prohibited or regulated. To verify the compliance of cosmetics with current regulations, official analytical methods are available to reveal and quantitatively determine the analytes of interest. However, since ingredients, and the lists of regulated/prohibited substances, rapidly change, dedicated analytical methods must be developed ad hoc to fulfill the new requirements. Research focuses on finding innovative techniques that allow a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive detection of the target analytes in cosmetics. Among the different methods proposed, immunological techniques are gaining interest, as they make it possible to carry out low-cost analyses on raw materials and finished products in a relatively short time. Indeed, immunoassays are based on the specific and selective antibody/antigen reaction, and they have been extensively applied for clinical diagnostic, alimentary quality control and environmental security purposes, and even for routine analysis. Since the complexity and variability of the matrices, as well as the great variety of compounds present in cosmetics, are analogous with those from food sources, immunological methods could also be applied successfully in this field. Indeed, this would provide a valid approach for the monitoring of industrial production chains even in developing countries, which are currently the greatest producers of cosmetics and the major exporters of raw materials. This review aims to highlight the immunological techniques proposed for cosmetics analysis, focusing on the detection of prohibited/regulated compounds, bacteria and toxins, and allergenic substances, and the identification of counterfeits.
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20
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Hofmann ER, Davidson C, Chen H, Zacharko M, Dorton JE, Kilper GK, Graves C, Miklos AE, Rhea K, Ma J, Goodwin BG, Sozhamannan S. Blind Spot: A Braille Patterned Novel Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunoassay Sensor Array for the Detection of Biothreat Agents. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22700-22708. [PMID: 34514241 PMCID: PMC8427625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs) are simple, point-of-care diagnostic devices used for detecting biological agents or other analytes of interest in a sample. LFIs are predominantly singleplex assays, interrogating one target analyte at a time. There is a need for multiplex LFI devices, e.g., a syndromic panel to differentiate pathogens causing diseases exhibiting similar symptoms. Multiplex LFI devices would be especially valuable in instances where sample quantity is limiting and reducing assay time and costs is critical. There are limitations to the design parameters and performance characteristics of a multiplex LFI assay with many horizontal test lines due to constraints in capillary flow dynamics. To address some of the performance issues, we have developed a spot array multiplex LFI using Braille format (hence called Blind Spot) and a sensor, MACAW (Modular Automated Colorimetric Analyses Widget), that can analyze and interpret the results. As a proof of concept, we created a multiplex toxin panel, for detecting three toxins, using two letter codes for each. The results indicated that the six-plex, triple toxin assay performs as well as singleplex assays. The sensor-based calls are better compared to human interpretation in discriminating and interpreting ambiguous test results correctly especially at lower antigen concentrations and from strips with blemishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Randal Hofmann
- EXCET,
Inc., Springfield, Virginia 22150, United States
- US
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological
Center, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | | | - Hsiu Chen
- Maxim
Biomedical, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Melody Zacharko
- US
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological
Center, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | | | | | | | - Aleksandr E. Miklos
- US
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological
Center, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Katherine Rhea
- EXCET,
Inc., Springfield, Virginia 22150, United States
- US
Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Chemical Biological
Center, Edgewood, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Joe Ma
- Maxim
Biomedical, Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Bruce G. Goodwin
- Defense
Biological Product Assurance Office (DBPAO), Joint Program Executive
Office (JPEO) for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense
(CBRND) Joint Project Lead (JPL) CBRND Enabling Biotechnologies (EB), Frederick, Maryland 21704, United States
| | - Shanmuga Sozhamannan
- Defense
Biological Product Assurance Office (DBPAO), Joint Program Executive
Office (JPEO) for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense
(CBRND) Joint Project Lead (JPL) CBRND Enabling Biotechnologies (EB), Frederick, Maryland 21704, United States
- Logistics
Management Institute, Tysons, Virginia 22102, United States
- . Phone: 301 619 8430
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21
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Bordbar MM, Sheini A, Hashemi P, Hajian A, Bagheri H. Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Detection of Hazardous Contaminations-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 34562906 PMCID: PMC8464915 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fast detection of trace amounts of hazardous contaminations can prevent serious damage to the environment. Paper-based sensors offer a new perspective on the world of analytical methods, overcoming previous limitations by fabricating a simple device with valuable benefits such as flexibility, biocompatibility, disposability, biodegradability, easy operation, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. Depending on the performance type, the device can be used to analyze the analyte in the liquid or vapor phase. For liquid samples, various structures (including a dipstick, as well as microfluidic and lateral flow) have been constructed. Paper-based 3D sensors are prepared by gluing and folding different layers of a piece of paper, being more user-friendly, due to the combination of several preparation methods, the integration of different sensor elements, and the connection between two methods of detection in a small set. Paper sensors can be used in chromatographic, electrochemical, and colorimetric processes, depending on the type of transducer. Additionally, in recent years, the applicability of these sensors has been investigated in various applications, such as food and water quality, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis, and medical sciences. Here, we review the development (from 2010 to 2021) of paper methods in the field of the detection and determination of toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945, Iran;
| | - Azarmidokht Sheini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Dashte Azadegan 78986, Iran;
| | - Pegah Hashemi
- Research and Development Department, Farin Behbood Tashkhis Ltd., Tehran 16471, Iran;
| | - Ali Hajian
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945, Iran;
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22
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Regan B, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Advances in point-of-care testing for cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:1-70. [PMID: 34462053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a specific format of diagnostic testing that is conducted without accompanying infrastructure or sophisticated instrumentation. Traditionally, such rapid sample-to-answer assays provide inferior analytical performances to their laboratory counterparts when measuring cardiac biomarkers. Hence, their potentially broad applicability is somewhat bound by their inability to detect clinically relevant concentrations of cardiac troponin (cTn) in the early stages of myocardial injury. However, the continuous refinement of biorecognition elements, the optimization of detection techniques, and the fabrication of tailored fluid handling systems to manage the sensing process has stimulated the production of commercial assays that can support accelerated diagnostic pathways. This review will present the latest commercial POC assays and examine their impact on clinical decision-making. The individual elements that constitute POC assays will be explored, with an emphasis on aspects that contribute to economically feasible and highly sensitive assays. Furthermore, the prospect of POCT imparting a greater influence on early interventions for medium to high-risk individuals and the potential to re-shape the paradigm of cardiovascular risk assessments will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Ibrahim EH, Ghramh HA, Kilany M. Development of rapid and cost-effective top-loading device for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14926. [PMID: 34290350 PMCID: PMC8295295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the Betacoronavirus, caused a pandemic that affected the globe negatively. The gold method, RT-PCR, can detect SARS-CoV-2 but it is time-consuming and needs sophisticated equipment and professional personnel. On the other hand, rapid tests offer fast results and can detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs). The aim of this study is to develop a new rapid and cost-effective method for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Abs. A new top-loading detection device was developed and composed of a small piece of plastic (25 × 25 × 0.5 mm) with an opening in the center, a piece of nitrocellulose (NC) membrane enough to block the opening from one side and adhesive tape to affix the NC to the plastic piece. The NC is blotted with anti-human IgG/IgM and rabbit serum. The device was evaluated against a commercially available IgG/IgM ELISA detection kit using normal, Covid-19-positive, HCV, HBV, and Cytomegalovirus-positive sera. Outcomes demonstrated simplicity, reproducibility, and accuracy of the new device and results can be obtained in less than 5 min. We anticipate our developed assay method to be used widely in point of care before deciding on the use of expensive nucleic acid assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam H Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Kilany
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Sil BK, Jamiruddin MR, Haq MA, Khondoker MU, Jahan N, Khandker SS, Ali T, Oishee MJ, Kaitsuka T, Mie M, Tomizawa K, Kobatake E, Haque M, Adnan N. AuNP Coupled Rapid Flow-Through Dot-Blot Immuno-Assay for Enhanced Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Nucleocapsid and Receptor Binding Domain IgG. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4739-4753. [PMID: 34267520 PMCID: PMC8277418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s313140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological tests detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are widely used in seroprevalence studies and evaluating the efficacy of the vaccination program. Some of the widely used serological testing techniques are enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). However, these tests are plagued with low sensitivity or specificity, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. We developed a serological test implementing flow-through dot-blot assay (FT-DBA) for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG detection, which provides enhanced sensitivity and specificity while being quick to perform and easy to use. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 antigens were immobilized on nitrocellulose membrane to capture human IgG, which was then detected with anti-human IgG conjugated gold nanoparticle (hIgG-AuNP). A total of 181 samples were analyzed in-house. Within which 35 were further evaluated in US FDA-approved CLIA Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 assay. The positive panel consisted of RT-qPCR positive samples from patients with both <14 days and >14 days from the onset of clinical symptoms. The negative panel contained samples collected from the pre-pandemic era dengue patients and healthy donors during the pandemic. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FT-DBA were evaluated against RT-qPCR positive sera. However, the overall efficacies were assessed with sera that seroconverted against either nucleocapsid (NCP) or receptor-binding domain (RBD). RESULTS In-house ELISA selected a total of 81 true seropositive and 100 seronegative samples. The sensitivity of samples with <14 days using FT-DBA was 94.7%, increasing to 100% for samples >14 days. The overall detection sensitivity and specificity were 98.8% and 98%, respectively, whereas the overall PPV and NPV were 99.6% and 99%. Moreover, comparative analysis between in-house ELISA assays and FT-DBA revealed clinical agreement of Cohen's Kappa value of 0.944. The FT-DBA showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% when compared with commercial CLIA kits. CONCLUSION The assay can confirm past SARS-CoV-2 infection with high accuracy within 2 minutes compared to commercial CLIA or in-house ELISA. It can help track SARS-CoV-2 disease progression, population screening, and vaccination response. The ease of use of the assay without requiring any instruments while being semi-quantitative provides the avenue of its implementation in remote areas around the globe, where conventional serodiagnosis is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijon Kumar Sil
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic and Research Center, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic and Research Center, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nowshin Jahan
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic and Research Center, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahad Saif Khandker
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic and Research Center, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Ali
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic and Research Center, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Taku Kaitsuka
- School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan
| | - Masayasu Mie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health Universiti Pertahanan, Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nihad Adnan
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
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25
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Jafari S, Guercetti J, Geballa-Koukoula A, Tsagkaris AS, Nelis JLD, Marco MP, Salvador JP, Gerssen A, Hajslova J, Elliott C, Campbell K, Migliorelli D, Burr L, Generelli S, Nielen MWF, Sturla SJ. ASSURED Point-of-Need Food Safety Screening: A Critical Assessment of Portable Food Analyzers. Foods 2021; 10:1399. [PMID: 34204284 PMCID: PMC8235511 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard methods for chemical food safety testing in official laboratories rely largely on liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Although these methods are considered the gold standard for quantitative confirmatory analysis, they require sampling, transferring the samples to a central laboratory to be tested by highly trained personnel, and the use of expensive equipment. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for portable and handheld devices to provide rapid, efficient, and on-site screening of food contaminants. Recent technological advancements in the field include smartphone-based, microfluidic chip-based, and paper-based devices integrated with electrochemical and optical biosensing platforms. Furthermore, the potential application of portable mass spectrometers in food testing might bring the confirmatory analysis from the laboratory to the field in the future. Although such systems open new promising possibilities for portable food testing, few of these devices are commercially available. To understand why barriers remain, portable food analyzers reported in the literature over the last ten years were reviewed. To this end, the analytical performance of these devices and the extent they match the World Health Organization benchmark for diagnostic tests, i.e., the Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, and Deliverable to end-users (ASSURED) criteria, was evaluated critically. A five-star scoring system was used to assess their potential to be implemented as food safety testing systems. The main findings highlight the need for concentrated efforts towards combining the best features of different technologies, to bridge technological gaps and meet commercialization requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Jafari
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
- CSEM SA, Center Landquart, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland; (D.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Julian Guercetti
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.-P.M.); (J.-P.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.-K.); (A.G.); (M.W.N.F.)
| | - Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Dejvice, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.S.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Joost L. D. Nelis
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.L.D.N.); (C.E.); (K.C.)
| | - M.-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.-P.M.); (J.-P.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J.-Pablo Salvador
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC) of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (J.G.); (M.-P.M.); (J.-P.S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.-K.); (A.G.); (M.W.N.F.)
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Dejvice, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.S.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Chris Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.L.D.N.); (C.E.); (K.C.)
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (J.L.D.N.); (C.E.); (K.C.)
| | - Davide Migliorelli
- CSEM SA, Center Landquart, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland; (D.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Loïc Burr
- CSEM SA, Center Landquart, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland; (D.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Silvia Generelli
- CSEM SA, Center Landquart, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland; (D.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Michel W. F. Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.-K.); (A.G.); (M.W.N.F.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;
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26
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Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga A, Nielen MWF, Blokland MH. Hand-Held Diode Laser for On-Site Analysis Using Transportable Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8122-8127. [PMID: 34077188 PMCID: PMC8253484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A hand-held laser
diode thermal desorption electrospray ionization
(LDTD-ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed for rapid screening
of illegal substances in solid samples. To achieve that, a simple,
inexpensive, battery-powered surgical laser diode at 940 nm was employed
to ablate the solid samples. The potential of using a black polytetrafluoroethylene
substrate to enhance the analytes’ desorption to the gas phase
was investigated and demonstrated. Among the optimized ESI parameters,
the solvent (methanol/water, 50:50, v/v) and the
flow rate (50 μL h–1) were critical to obtain
the best sensitivity. The applicability was demonstrated for the rapid
identification of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in
pills and powders based on accurate mass measurements by time-of-flight
MS. Also, the hand-held LDTD-ESI was combined with a transportable
single quadrupole MS. The same SARMs samples were analyzed, and identifications
were based on in-source cone voltage fragmentation patterns observed.
These initial results demonstrate the applicability of the developed
simplified LDTD-ESI MS method for future on-site testing of organic
compounds in solid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Arrizabalaga-Larrañaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Devadhasan JP, Gu J, Chen P, Smith S, Thomas B, Gates-Hollingsworth M, Hau D, Pandit S, AuCoin D, Zenhausern F. Critical Comparison between Large and Mini Vertical Flow Immunoassay Platforms for Yersinia Pestis Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9337-9344. [PMID: 33989499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of plague and is widely recognized as a potential biological weapon. Due to the high fatality rate of plague when diagnosis is delayed, the development of rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective methods is needed for its diagnosis. The Y. pestis low calcium response V (LcrV) protein has been identified as a potential microbial biomarker for the diagnosis of plague. In this paper, we present a highly sensitive, paper-based, vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) prototype for the detection of LcrV and the diagnosis of plague. An antigen-capture assay using monoclonal antibodies is employed to capture and detect the LcrV protein, using a colorimetric approach. In addition, the effect of miniaturizing the VFI device is explored based on two different sizes of VFI platforms, denoted as "large VFI" and "mini VFI." Also, a comparative analysis is performed between the VFI platform and a lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) platform to exhibit the improved assay sensitivity suitable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. The analytical sensitivity or limit of detection (LOD) in the mini VFI is approximately 0.025 ng/mL, that is, 10 times better than that of the large VFI platform or 80 times over a standard lateral flow configuration. The low LOD of the LcrV VFI appears to be highly suitable for testing clinical samples and potentially diagnosing plague at earlier time points. In addition, optimization of the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) concentration, nanomaterial plasmonic properties, and flow velocity analysis could improve the performance of the VFI. Furthermore, we developed automated image analysis software that shows potential for integrating the diagnostic system into a smartphone. These methods and findings demonstrate that the VFI platform is a highly sensitive device for detecting the LcrV and potentially many other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pramila Devadhasan
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Jian Gu
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Stanley Smith
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Baiju Thomas
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | | | - Derrick Hau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Sujata Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - David AuCoin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
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28
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Xu J, Ye Y, Ji J, Sun J, Sun X. Advances on the rapid and multiplex detection methods of food allergens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6887-6907. [PMID: 33830835 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1907736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With the gradually increasing prevalence of food allergy in recent years, food allergy has become a major public health problem worldwide. The clinical symptoms caused by food allergy seriously affect people's quality of life; there are unknown allergen components in novel food and hidden allergens caused by cross contamination in food processing, which pose a serious risk to allergy sufferers. Thus, rapid and multiplex detection methods are required to achieve on-site detection or examination of allergic components, so as to identify the risk of allergy in time. This paper reviews the progress of high-efficiency detection of food allergens, including enhanced traditional detection techniques and emerging detection techniques with the ability high-throughput detection or screening potential food allergen, such as xMAP, biosensors, biochips, etc. focusing on their sensitivity, applicability of each method in food, along with their pretreatment, advantages, limitation in the application of food analysis. This paper also introduces the challenges faced by these high-efficiency detection technologies, as well as the potential of customized allergen screening methods and rapid on-site detection technology as future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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29
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Geballa-Koukoula A, Gerssen A, Nielen MWF. From Smartphone Lateral Flow Immunoassay Screening to Direct MS Analysis: Development and Validation of a Semi-Quantitative Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometric (DART-MS) Approach to the Analysis of Deoxynivalenol. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1861. [PMID: 33800036 PMCID: PMC7962121 DOI: 10.3390/s21051861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In current food safety monitoring, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are widely used for rapid food contaminant screening. Recent advances include smartphone readouts, offering semi-quantitative analysis of LFIAs with time, location, and data transfer in case of on-site testing. Following the screening, the next step in the EU regulations is confirmation by, e.g., liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In this work, using direct analysis in real time ambient ionization and triple quadrupole MS/MS (DART-QqQ-MS/MS), we achieved rapid confirmation of the identity of the substance(s) causing the LFIA result. In the workflow proposed, an individual performs the (on-site) smartphone LFIA screening, and when the result is suspect, an identification LFIA (ID-LFIA) strip is developed with the same sample extract. The ID-LFIA can be dissociated and rapidly analyzed in a control laboratory with DART-QqQ-MS/MS. The ID-LFIA consists of multiple lines of monoclonal antibodies against the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, acting as a bioaffinity trap. The ID-LFIA/DART-QqQ-MS/MS approach has been developed and validated, along with the screening smartphone LFIA, and has demonstrated its applicability by analyzing incurred and spiked samples. The developed approach has been critically compared with our previous direct electrospray ionization MS method and was found to provide highly complementary information on the total deoxynivalenol contamination in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
| | - Michel W. F. Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.); (M.W.F.N.)
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Frimpong R, Jang W, Kim JH, Driskell JD. Rapid vertical flow immunoassay on AuNP plasmonic paper for SERS-based point of need diagnostics. Talanta 2021; 223:121739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Development of a simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach to simultaneously detect grains specified in food allergen labeling regulation on processed food commodities. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461877. [PMID: 33545578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An analytical approach using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously detect Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (buckwheat) and cereals containing gluten (Triticum species including wheat and spelt, rye, barley, and oats) that were specified in regulations for food allergen labeling on processed foods. Trypsin-digested peptides were purified from different processed food commodities and heptapeptides derived from buckwheat 13S globulin (GFIVQAR, m/z 395.8 [precursor] > 177.0 [product]) and Triticum low molecular weight glutenin (QIPEQSR, m/z 429.3 [precursor] > 616.2 [product]) were specifically detected each species at levels as low as 0.050-0.056 µg/L and 0.028-0.032 µg/L, respectively. Detection of these synthetic peptides was quantitative to over 100 µg/L by reference to the synthetic peptide calibration curves and at recovery rates, 76.6 ± 4.1%-104.8 ± 17.1% and 82.4 ± 2.0%-105.8 ± 5.3%, for GFIVQAR and QIPEQSR, respectively, when 1-1,000 µg of these peptides were spiked into a retort tomato sauce for pasta or dried instant soup. In combination with LC-MS/MS detection methods specific to other cereals containing gluten (rye, barley, and oats), the developed analytical approach was applicable to a wide variety of processed food commodities for food allergen labeling.
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Tsagkaris AS, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J. Optical Screening Methods for Pesticide Residue Detection in Food Matrices: Advances and Emerging Analytical Trends. Foods 2021; 10:E88. [PMID: 33466242 PMCID: PMC7824741 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides have been extensively used in agriculture to protect crops and enhance their yields, indicating the need to monitor for their toxic residues in foodstuff. To achieve that, chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry is the common analytical approach, combining low limits of detection, wide linear ranges, and high accuracy. However, these methods are also quite expensive, time-consuming, and require highly skilled personnel, indicating the need to seek for alternatives providing simple, low-cost, rapid, and on-site results. In this study, we critically review the available screening methods for pesticide residues on the basis of optical detection during the period 2016-2020. Optical biosensors are commonly miniaturized analytical platforms introducing the point-of-care (POC) era in the field. Various optical detection principles have been utilized, namely, colorimetry, fluorescence (FL), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Nanomaterials can significantly enhance optical detection performance and handheld platforms, for example, handheld SERS devices can revolutionize testing. The hyphenation of optical assays to smartphones is also underlined as it enables unprecedented features such as one-click results using smartphone apps or online result communication. All in all, despite being in an early stage facing several challenges, i.e., long sample preparation protocols or interphone variation results, such POC diagnostics pave a new road into the food safety field in which analysis cost will be reduced and a more intensive testing will be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis S. Tsagkaris
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (J.H.)
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33
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Dabbagh SR, Becher E, Ghaderinezhad F, Havlucu H, Ozcan O, Ozkan M, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S. Increasing the packing density of assays in paper-based microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:011502. [PMID: 33569089 PMCID: PMC7864678 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based devices have a wide range of applications in point-of-care diagnostics, environmental analysis, and food monitoring. Paper-based devices can be deployed to resource-limited countries and remote settings in developed countries. Paper-based point-of-care devices can provide access to diagnostic assays without significant user training to perform the tests accurately and timely. The market penetration of paper-based assays requires decreased device fabrication costs, including larger packing density of assays (i.e., closely packed features) and minimization of assay reagents. In this review, we discuss fabrication methods that allow for increasing packing density and generating closely packed features in paper-based devices. To ensure that the paper-based device is low-cost, advanced fabrication methods have been developed for the mass production of closely packed assays. These emerging methods will enable minimizing the volume of required samples (e.g., liquid biopsies) and reagents in paper-based microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaina Becher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Fariba Ghaderinezhad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Hayati Havlucu
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ozcan
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mehmed Ozkan
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Ross GMS, Filippini D, Nielen MWF, Salentijn GI. Interconnectable solid-liquid protein extraction unit and chip-based dilution for multiplexed consumer immunodiagnostics. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1140:190-198. [PMID: 33218481 PMCID: PMC7567528 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
While consumer-focused food analysis is upcoming, the need for multiple sample preparation and handling steps is limiting. On-site and consumer-friendly analysis paradoxically still requires laboratory-based and skill-intensive sample preparation methods. Here, we present a compact, inexpensive, and novel prototype immunosensor combining sample preparation and on-chip reagent storage for multiplex allergen lateral flow immunosensing. Our comprehensive approach paves the way for personalized consumer diagnostics. The prototype allows for handheld solid-liquid extraction, pipette-free on-chip dilution, and adjustment of sample concentrations into the appropriate assay dynamic working range. The disposable and interconnectable homogenizer unit allows for the extraction and 3D-sieve based filtration of allergenic proteins from solid bakery products in 1 min. The homogenizer interconnects with a 3D-printed unibody lab-on-a-chip (ULOC) microdevice, which is used to deliver precise volumes of sample extract to a reagent reservoir. The reagent reservoir is implemented for on-chip storage of carbon nanoparticle labeled antibodies and running buffer for dilution. The handheld prototype allows for total homogenization of solid samples, solid-liquid protein extraction, 3D-printed sieve based filtration, ULOC-enabled dilution, mixing, transport, and smartphone-based detection of hazelnut and peanut allergens in solid bakery products with limited operational complexity. The multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) detects allergens as low as 0.1 ppm in real bakery products, and the system is already consumer-operable, demonstrating its potential for future citizen science approaches. The designed system is suitable for a wide range of analytical applications outside of food safety, provided an LFIA is available. 1 min allergen protein extraction via disposable homogenizer and 3D-printed sieves. 3D-printed unibody lab-on-a-chip (ULOC) for on-chip bioreagent storage and dilution. Pipette-free sample dilution and transport to multiplex immunosensor. Realtime smartphone analysis using 3D-printed device holder as a lightbox. Interconnectable and miniaturized biosensing system from sample to smartphone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Filippini
- Optical Devices Laboratory, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM - Linköping University, S58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Ij Salentijn
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Ross GMS, Filippini D, Nielen MWF, Salentijn GI. Unraveling the Hook Effect: A Comprehensive Study of High Antigen Concentration Effects in Sandwich Lateral Flow Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15587-15595. [PMID: 33185097 PMCID: PMC7711776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sandwich lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are limited at high antigen concentrations by the hook effect, leading to a contradictory decrease in the test line (T) intensity and false-negative results. The hook effect is mainly associated with the loss of T, and research focuses on minimizing this effect. Nevertheless, the control line (C) intensity is also affected at higher analyte concentrations, undesirably influencing the T/C ratio in LFIA readers. The main aim of this work is to identify and understand these high antigen concentration effects in order to develop ubiquitous strategies to interpret and mitigate such effects. Four complementary experiments were performed: performance assessment of three different allergen LFIAs (two for hazelnut, one for peanut) over 0.075-3500 ppm, LFIAs with C only, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding experiments on the immobilized control antibody, and smartphone video recording of LFIAs during their development. As antigen concentrations increase, the C signal decreases before the T signal does, suggesting that distinct mechanisms underlie these intensity reductions. Reduced binding at the C occurred even in the absence of T, so the upfront T does not explain the loss of C. SPR confirmed that the C antibody favors binding with free labeled antibody compared with a labeled antibody-analyte complex, indicating that in antigen excess, binding is reduced at C before T. Finally, a smartphone-based video method was developed for dynamically monitoring the LFIA development in real time to distinguish between different concentration-dependent effects. Digitally analyzing the data allows clear differentiation of highly positive samples and false-negative samples and can indicate whether the LFIA is in the dynamic working range or at critically high concentrations. The aim of this work is to identify and understand such high antigen concentration effects in order to develop ubiquitous strategies to interpret and mitigate such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Filippini
- Optical Devices Laboratory, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM-Linköping University, Linköping S58183, Sweden
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Ij Salentijn
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
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Geballa-Koukoula A, Gerssen A, Nielen MWF. Direct analysis of lateral flow immunoassays for deoxynivalenol using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7547-7558. [PMID: 32860092 PMCID: PMC7533258 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are widely used for rapid food safety screening analysis. Thanks to simplified protocols and smartphone readouts, LFIAs are expected to be increasingly used on-site, even by non-experts. As a typical follow-up in EU regulatory settings, suspect samples are sent to laboratories for confirmatory analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, re-analysis by LC-MS/MS is laborious and time-consuming. In this work, an identification LFIA (ID-LFIA) approach followed by quadrupole-orbitrap MS or triple quadrupole MS/MS analysis is presented. As a proof of concept, a dedicated ID-LFIA strip was developed for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) following its initial screening by a commercial smartphone LFIA. The ID-LFIA strip can be simply immersed in the same sample extract used for the smartphone LFIA screening, and next, DON is retrieved from the monoclonal antibody with a dissociation solution consisting of methanol/ammonia. The solution thus obtained was analyzed directly in MS in order to rapidly confirm the presence of DON and any cross-reacting species. The protocol developed is capable of coping with severe ion suppression caused by LFIA buffers and nitrocellulose substrate residues. Initial analysis of blank, spiked, and incurred samples showed that the newly developed ID-LFIA-MS method was able to confirm the presence or absence of mycotoxins in the samples previously analyzed by LFIA and also differentiate between DON and DON 3-glucoside yielding the positive screening result. The concept and technique developed are envisaged to complement on-site screening and confirmation of any low molecular weight contaminant in future food control frameworks. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Nelis JLD, Tsagkaris AS, Dillon MJ, Hajslova J, Elliott CT. Smartphone-based optical assays in the food safety field. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 129:115934. [PMID: 32904649 PMCID: PMC7457721 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone based devices (SBDs) have the potential to revolutionize food safety control by empowering citizens to perform screening tests. To achieve this, it is of paramount importance to understand current research efforts and identify key technology gaps. Therefore, a systematic review of optical SBDs in the food safety sector was performed. An overview of reviewed SBDs is given focusing on performance characteristics as well as image analysis procedures. The state-of-the-art on commercially available SBDs is also provided. This analysis revealed several important technology gaps, the most prominent of which are: (i) the need to reach a consensus regarding optimal image analysis, (ii) the need to assess the effect of measurement variation caused by using different smartphones and (iii) the need to standardize validation procedures to obtain robust data. Addressing these issues will drive the development of SBDs and potentially unlock their massive potential for citizen-based food control. Optical smartphone based sensors in the food safety field are systematically reviewed. Recommendations on image analysis optimization are given. The analytical performance of smartphone based sensors is discussed. Available commercial devises are critically compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L D Nelis
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - A S Tsagkaris
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M J Dillon
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - J Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
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Amor-Gutiérrez O, Selvolini G, Fernández-Abedul MT, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Marrazza G. Folding-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Determination of β-Lactoglobulin on Poly-L-Lysine Modified Graphite Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2349. [PMID: 32326088 PMCID: PMC7219239 DOI: 10.3390/s20082349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, food allergy is a very important health issue, causing adverse reactions of the immune system when exposed to different allergens present in food. Because of this, the development of point-of-use devices using miniaturized, user-friendly, and low-cost instrumentation has become of outstanding importance. According to this, electrochemical aptasensors have been demonstrated as useful tools to quantify a broad variety of targets. In this work, we develop a simple methodology for the determination of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in food samples using a folding-based electrochemical aptasensor built on poly-L-lysine modified graphite screen-printed electrodes (GSPEs) and an anti-β-lactoglobulin aptamer tagged with methylene blue (MB). This aptamer changes its conformation when the sample contains β-LG, and due to this, the spacing between MB and the electrode surface (and therefore the electron transfer efficiency) also changes. The response of this biosensor was linear for concentrations of β-LG within the range 0.1-10 ng·mL-1, with a limit of detection of 0.09 ng·mL-1. The biosensor was satisfactorily employed for the determination of spiked β-LG in real food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaya Amor-Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (O.A.-G.); (G.S.)
- NanoBioAnalysis Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Giulia Selvolini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (O.A.-G.); (G.S.)
| | - M. Teresa Fernández-Abedul
- BioNanoAnalytical Spectrometry and Electrochemistry Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- NanoBioAnalysis Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (O.A.-G.); (G.S.)
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