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Li K, Li T, Niu Y, Gao Y, Shi Y, He Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Cao J, Hu X, Chen M, Shi R. Decreased NMIIA heavy chain phosphorylation at S1943 promotes mitoxantrone resistance by upregulating BCRP and N-cadherin expression in breast cancer cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:213-225. [PMID: 38190650 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitoxantrone (MX) is an effective treatment for breast cancer; however, high efflux of MX that is accomplished by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) leads to acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), reducing MX's therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer. Non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) and its heavy phosphorylation at S1943 have been revealed to play key roles in tumor metastasis and progression, including in breast cancer; however, their molecular function in BCRP-mediated MDR in breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, we revealed that the expression of NMIIA heavy chain phosphorylation at S1943 was downregulated in BCRP-overexpressing breast cancer MCF-7/MX cells, and stable expression of NMIIA-S1943A mutant increased BCRP expression and promoted the resistance of MCF-7/MX cells to MX. Meanwhile, NMIIA S1943 phosphorylation induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) was accompanied by the downregulation of BCRP in MCF-7/MX cells. Furthermore, stable expression of NMIIA-S1943A in MCF-7/MX cells resulted in upregulation of N-cadherin and the accumulation of β-catenin on the cell surface, which inhibited the nucleus translocation of β-catenin and Wnt/β-catenin-based proliferative signaling. EGF stimulation of MCF-7/MX cells showed the downregulation of N-cadherin and β-catenin. Our results suggest that decreased NMIIA heavy phosphorylation at S1943 increases BCRP expression and promotes MX resistance in breast cancer cells via upregulating N-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
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Nanes BA, Bhatt K, Boujemaa-Paterski R, Azarova E, Munawar S, Rajendran D, Isogai T, Dean KM, Medalia O, Danuser G. Keratin isoform shifts modulate motility signals during wound healing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.04.538989. [PMID: 37205459 PMCID: PMC10187270 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.538989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments form strong mechanical scaffolds that confer structural stability to epithelial tissues, but the reason this function requires a protein family with 54 isoforms is not understood. During skin wound healing, a shift in keratin isoform expression alters the composition of keratin filaments. How this change modulates cellular function to support epidermal remodeling remains unclear. We report an unexpected effect of keratin isoform variation on kinase signal transduction. Increased expression of wound-associated keratin 6A, but not of steady-state keratin 5, potentiated keratinocyte migration and wound closure without compromising epidermal stability by activating myosin motors. This pathway depended on isoform-specific interaction between intrinsically disordered keratin head domains and non-filamentous vimentin shuttling myosin-activating kinases. These results substantially expand the functional repertoire of intermediate filaments from their canonical role as mechanical scaffolds to include roles as isoform-tuned signaling scaffolds that organize signal transduction cascades in space and time to influence epithelial cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Nanes
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kushal Bhatt
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Evgenia Azarova
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sabahat Munawar
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Divya Rajendran
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich; Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Morales PN, Coons AN, Koopman AJ, Patel S, Chase PB, Parvatiyar MS, Pinto JR. Post-translational modifications of vertebrate striated muscle myosin heavy chains. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38587113 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in regulating the function of many sarcomeric proteins, including myosin. Myosins comprise a family of motor proteins that play fundamental roles in cell motility in general and muscle contraction in particular. A myosin molecule consists of two myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) and two pairs of myosin light chains (MLCs); two MLCs are associated with the neck region of each MyHC's N-terminal head domain, while the two MyHC C-terminal tails form a coiled-coil that polymerizes with other MyHCs to form the thick filament backbone. Myosin undergoes extensive PTMs, and dysregulation of these PTMs may lead to abnormal muscle function and contribute to the development of myopathies and cardiovascular disorders. Recent studies have uncovered the significance of PTMs in regulating MyHC function and showed how these PTMs may provide additional modulation of contractile processes. Here, we discuss MyHC PTMs that have been biochemically and/or functionally studied in mammals' and rodents' striated muscle. We have identified hotspots or specific regions in three isoforms of myosin (MYH2, MYH6, and MYH7) where the prevalence of PTMs is more frequent and could potentially play a significant role in fine-tuning the activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nieto Morales
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Arianna N Coons
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Amelia J Koopman
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Sonu Patel
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - P Bryant Chase
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle S Parvatiyar
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jose R Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Wang X, He W, Chen H, Yang R, Su H, DiSanto ME, Zhang X. Alteration of the Expression and Functional Activities of Myosin II Isoforms in Enlarged Hyperplastic Prostates. J Pers Med 2024; 14:381. [PMID: 38673008 PMCID: PMC11051519 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common pathologic process in aging men, and the contraction of the prostatic smooth muscles (SMs) in the stroma plays a vital role in this pathogenesis, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs). The isoforms of both the SM myosin (SMM) and non-muscle myosin (NMM) are associated with the contraction type of the prostatic SMs, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS We collected prostate tissues from 30 BPH patients receiving surgical treatments, and normal human prostate samples were obtained from 12 brain-dead men. A testosterone-induced (T-induced) rat model was built, and the epithelial hyperplastic prostates were harvested. Competitive RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of SMM isoforms. We investigated the contractility of human prostate strips in vitro in an organ bath. RESULTS The results regarding the comparisons of SMM isoforms varied between rat models and human samples. In comparison with T-induced rats and controls, competitive RT-PCR failed to show any statistically significant difference regarding the compositions of SMM isoforms. For human prostates samples, BPH patients expressed more SM-1 isoforms (66.8% vs. 60.0%, p < 0.001) and myosin light chain-17b (MLC17b) (35.9% vs. 28.5%, p < 0.05) when compared to young donors. There was a significant decrease in prostate myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in BPH patients, with a 66.4% decrease in MHC at the mRNA level and a 51.2% decrease at the protein level. The upregulated expression of non-muscle myosin heavy chain-B (NMMHC-B) was 1.6-fold at the mRNA level and 2.1-fold at the protein level. The organ bath study showed that isolated prostate strips from BPH patients produced slower tonic contraction compared to normal humans. CONCLUSION In this study, we claim that in the enlarged prostates of patients undergoing surgeries, MHC expression significantly decreased compared to normal tissues, with elevated levels of SM-1, MLC17b, and NMMHC-B isoforms. Modifications in SMM and NMM might play a role in the tonic contractile properties of prostatic SMs and the development of LUTS/BPH. Understanding this mechanism might provide insights into the origins of LUTS/BPH and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.W.)
| | - Weixiang He
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.W.)
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.W.)
| | - Hongmei Su
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (X.W.)
| | - Michael E. DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Miyoshi T, Belyantseva IA, Sajeevadathan M, Friedman TB. Pathophysiology of human hearing loss associated with variants in myosins. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1374901. [PMID: 38562617 PMCID: PMC10982375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1374901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Deleterious variants of more than one hundred genes are associated with hearing loss including MYO3A, MYO6, MYO7A and MYO15A and two conventional myosins MYH9 and MYH14. Variants of MYO7A also manifest as Usher syndrome associated with dysfunction of the retina and vestibule as well as hearing loss. While the functions of MYH9 and MYH14 in the inner ear are debated, MYO3A, MYO6, MYO7A and MYO15A are expressed in inner ear hair cells along with class-I myosin MYO1C and are essential for developing and maintaining functional stereocilia on the apical surface of hair cells. Stereocilia are large, cylindrical, actin-rich protrusions functioning as biological mechanosensors to detect sound, acceleration and posture. The rigidity of stereocilia is sustained by highly crosslinked unidirectionally-oriented F-actin, which also provides a scaffold for various proteins including unconventional myosins and their cargo. Typical myosin molecules consist of an ATPase head motor domain to transmit forces to F-actin, a neck containing IQ-motifs that bind regulatory light chains and a tail region with motifs recognizing partners. Instead of long coiled-coil domains characterizing conventional myosins, the tails of unconventional myosins have various motifs to anchor or transport proteins and phospholipids along the F-actin core of a stereocilium. For these myosins, decades of studies have elucidated their biochemical properties, interacting partners in hair cells and variants associated with hearing loss. However, less is known about how myosins traffic in a stereocilium using their motor function, and how each variant correlates with a clinical condition including the severity and onset of hearing loss, mode of inheritance and presence of symptoms other than hearing loss. Here, we cover the domain structures and functions of myosins associated with hearing loss together with advances, open questions about trafficking of myosins in stereocilia and correlations between hundreds of variants in myosins annotated in ClinVar and the corresponding deafness phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Inna A. Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mrudhula Sajeevadathan
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Iacono D, Hatch K, Murphy EK, Post J, Cole RN, Perl DP, Day RM. Proteomic changes in the hippocampus of large mammals after total-body low dose radiation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296903. [PMID: 38427613 PMCID: PMC10906861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in low dose radiation (LDR) to counteract neurodegeneration. However, LDR effects on normal brain have not been completely explored yet. Recent analyses showed that LDR exposure to normal brain tissue causes expression level changes of different proteins including neurodegeneration-associated proteins. We assessed the proteomic changes occurring in radiated vs. sham normal swine brains. Due to its involvement in various neurodegenerative processes, including those associated with cognitive changes after high dose radiation exposure, we focused on the hippocampus first. We observed significant proteomic changes in the hippocampus of radiated vs. sham swine after LDR (1.79Gy). Mass spectrometry results showed 190 up-regulated and 120 down-regulated proteins after LDR. Western blotting analyses confirmed increased levels of TPM1, TPM4, PCP4 and NPY (all proteins decreased in various neurodegenerative processes, with NPY and PCP4 known to be neuroprotective) in radiated vs. sham swine. These data support the use of LDR as a potential beneficial tool to interfere with neurodegenerative processes and perhaps other brain-related disorders, including behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Iacono
- DoD/USU Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Program, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics (APG), F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Neurodegeneration Disorders Clinic, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Hatch
- DoD/USU Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Program, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erin K. Murphy
- DoD/USU Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Program, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Post
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Perl
- DoD/USU Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Program, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Kim OV, Litvinov RI, Gagne AL, French DL, Brass LF, Weisel JW. Megakaryocyte-induced contraction of plasma clots: cellular mechanisms and structural mechanobiology. Blood 2024; 143:548-560. [PMID: 37944157 PMCID: PMC11033616 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nonmuscle cell contractility is an essential feature underlying diverse cellular processes such as motility, morphogenesis, division and genome replication, intracellular transport, and secretion. Blood clot contraction is a well-studied process driven by contracting platelets. Megakaryocytes (MKs), which are the precursors to platelets, can be found in bone marrow and lungs. Although they express many of the same proteins and structures found in platelets, little is known about their ability to engage with extracellular proteins such as fibrin and contract. Here, we have measured the ability of MKs to compress plasma clots. Megakaryocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were suspended in human platelet-free blood plasma and stimulated with thrombin. Using real-time macroscale optical tracking, confocal microscopy, and biomechanical measurements, we found that activated iPSC-derived MKs (iMKs) caused macroscopic volumetric clot shrinkage, as well as densification and stiffening of the fibrin network via fibrin-attached plasma membrane protrusions undergoing extension-retraction cycles that cause shortening and bending of fibrin fibers. Contraction induced by iMKs involved 2 kinetic phases with distinct rates and durations. It was suppressed by inhibitors of nonmuscle myosin IIA, actin polymerization, and integrin αIIbβ3-fibrin interactions, indicating that the molecular mechanisms of iMK contractility were similar or identical to those in activated platelets. Our findings provide new insights into MK biomechanics and suggest that iMKs can be used as a model system to study platelet contractility. Physiologically, the ability of MKs to contract plasma clots may play a role in the mechanical remodeling of intravascular blood clots and thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alyssa L. Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah L. French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lawrence F. Brass
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Liu X, Shu S. Suggesting Dictyostelium as a Model for Disease-Related Protein Studies through Myosin II Polymerization Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:263. [PMID: 38334655 PMCID: PMC10854627 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium myosin II displays remarkable dynamism within the cell, continually undergoing polymerization and depolymerization processes. Under low-ion conditions, it assumes a folded structure like muscle myosins and forms thick filaments through polymerization. In our study, we presented intermediate structures observed during the early stages of polymerization of purified myosin via negative staining electron microscopy, immediately crosslinked with glutaraldehyde at the onset of polymerization. We identified folded monomers, dimers, and tetramers in the process. Our findings suggest that Dictyostelium myosin II follows a polymerization pathway in vitro akin to muscle myosin, with folded monomers forming folded parallel and antiparallel dimers that subsequently associate to create folded tetramers. These folded tetramers eventually unfold and associate with other tetramers to produce long filaments. Furthermore, our research revealed that ATP influences filament size, reducing it regardless of the status of RLC phosphorylation while significantly increasing the critical polymerization concentrations from 0.2 to 9 nM. In addition, we demonstrate the morphology of fully matured Dictyostelium myosin II filaments.
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Lv C, Huang Y, Yan R, Gao Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces the migration of human airway smooth muscle cells by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:505. [PMID: 38093231 PMCID: PMC10720058 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling due to increased airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) mass, likely due to enhanced proliferation, hypertrophy, and migration, has been proven to be highly correlated with decreased lung function in asthma patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediates vascular and extravascular remodeling and inflammation and has been proven to be involved in the progression of asthma. Previous studies have focused on the effects of VEGF on ASMC proliferation, but few researchers have focused on the effects of VEGF on human ASMC migration. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of VEGF on the migration of ASMCs and its related signaling pathway mechanism to provide evidence for the treatment of airway remodeling. METHODS We examined the effects of VEGF induction on ASMC migration and explored the mechanisms involved in ASMC migration. RESULTS We found by wound healing and Transwell assays that VEGF promoted ASMC migration. Through the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) experiment, we found that VEGF had no significant effect on the proliferation of ASMCs, which excluded the involvement of cell proliferation in the process of wound healing. Moreover, a cellular immunofluorescence assay showed that VEGF promoted F-actin reorganization, and Western blotting showed that VEGF improved RhoA activation and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit-1 (MYPT1) and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation in ASMCs. Treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 significantly attenuated the effects of VEGF on MYPT1/MLC activation and cell migration. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results suggest that the promigratory function of VEGF activates the RhoA/ROCK pathway, induces F-actin reorganization, improves the migration of ASMCs, and provides a better rationale for targeting the RhoA/ROCK pathway for therapeutic approaches in airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtian Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruirong Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanmei Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu T, Ren Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li Z, Sun W, Fan D, Luan Y, Gao Y, Yan Z. Exploring the role of the disulfidptosis-related gene SLC7A11 in adrenocortical carcinoma: implications for prognosis, immune infiltration, and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 37919768 PMCID: PMC10623781 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfidptosis and the disulfidptosis-related gene SLC7A11 have recently attracted significant attention for their role in tumorigenesis and tumour management. However, its association with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rarely discussed. METHODS Differential analysis, Cox regression analysis, and survival analysis were used to screen for the hub gene SLC7A11 in the TCGA and GTEx databases and disulfidptosis-related gene sets. Then, we performed an association analysis between SLC7A11 and clinically relevant factors in ACC patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of SLC7A11 and clinically relevant factors. Weighted gene coexpression analysis was used to find genes associated with SLC7A11. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses and the LinkedOmics database were used to analyse the functions of SLC7A11-associated genes. The CIBERSORT and Xcell algorithms were used to analyse the relationship between SLC7A11 and immune cell infiltration in ACC. The TISIDB database was applied to search for the correlation between SLC7A11 expression and immune chemokines. In addition, we performed a correlation analysis for SLC7A11 expression and tumour mutational burden and immune checkpoint-related genes and assessed drug sensitivity based on SLC7A11 expression. Immunohistochemistry and RT‒qPCR were used to validate the upregulation of SLC7A11 in the ACC. RESULTS SLC7A11 is highly expressed in multiple urological tumours, including ACC. SLC7A11 expression is strongly associated with clinically relevant factors (M-stage and MYL6 expression) in ACC. SLC7A11 and the constructed nomogram can accurately predict ACC patient outcomes. The functions of SLC7A11 and its closely related genes are tightly associated with the occurrence of disulfidptosis in ACC. SLC7A11 expression was tightly associated with various immune cell infiltration disorders in the ACC tumour microenvironment (TME). It was positively correlated with the expression of immune chemokines (CXCL8, CXCL3, and CCL20) and negatively correlated with the expression of immune chemokines (CXCL17 and CCL14). SLC7A11 expression was positively associated with the expression of immune checkpoint genes (NRP1, TNFSF4, TNFRSF9, and CD276) and tumour mutation burden. The expression level of SLC7A11 in ACC patients is closely associated withcthe drug sensitivity. CONCLUSION In ACC, high expression of SLC7A11 is associated with migration, invasion, drug sensitivity, immune infiltration disorders, and poor prognosis, and its induction of disulfidptosis is a promising target for the treatment of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghu Liu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Surgery of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Surgery, Nanyang Central Hospital, 473005, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Tumour Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Surgery of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Surgery of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Fan
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Tumour Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Surgery of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongkun Luan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Tumour Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Surgery of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yukui Gao
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Surgery of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, 241001, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| | - Zechen Yan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Tumour Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Surgery of Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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11
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Vitriol EA, Quintanilla MA, Tidei JJ, Troughton LD, Cody A, Cisterna BA, Jane ML, Oakes PW, Beach JR. Nonmuscle myosin 2 filaments are processive in cells. Biophys J 2023; 122:3678-3689. [PMID: 37218133 PMCID: PMC10541485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed transport of cellular components is often dependent on the processive movements of cytoskeletal motors. Myosin 2 motors predominantly engage actin filaments of opposing orientation to drive contractile events and are therefore not traditionally viewed as processive. However, recent in vitro experiments with purified nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) demonstrated myosin 2 filaments could move processively. Here, we establish processivity as a cellular property of NM2. Processive runs in central nervous system-derived CAD cells are most apparent on bundled actin in protrusions that terminate at the leading edge. We find that processive velocities in vivo are consistent with in vitro measurements. NM2 makes these processive runs in its filamentous form against lamellipodia retrograde flow, though anterograde movement can still occur in the absence of actin dynamics. Comparing the processivity of NM2 isoforms, we find that NM2A moves slightly faster than NM2B. Finally, we demonstrate that this is not a cell-specific property, as we observe processive-like movements of NM2 in the lamella and subnuclear stress fibers of fibroblasts. Collectively, these observations further broaden NM2 functionality and the biological processes in which the already ubiquitous motor can contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Melissa A Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Joseph J Tidei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Lee D Troughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Abigail Cody
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Bruno A Cisterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Makenzie L Jane
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.
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12
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Brito C, Pereira JM, Mesquita FS, Cabanes D, Sousa S. Src-Dependent NM2A Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulates Actomyosin Remodeling. Cells 2023; 12:1871. [PMID: 37508535 PMCID: PMC10377941 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) is a key cytoskeletal enzyme that, along with actin, assembles into actomyosin filaments inside cells. NM2A is fundamental for cell adhesion and motility, playing important functions in different stages of development and during the progression of viral and bacterial infections. Phosphorylation events regulate the activity and the cellular localization of NM2A. We previously identified the tyrosine phosphorylation of residue 158 (pTyr158) in the motor domain of the NM2A heavy chain. This phosphorylation can be promoted by Listeria monocytogenes infection of epithelial cells and is dependent on Src kinase; however, its molecular role is unknown. Here, we show that the status of pTyr158 defines cytoskeletal organization, affects the assembly/disassembly of focal adhesions, and interferes with cell migration. Cells overexpressing a non-phosphorylatable NM2A variant or expressing reduced levels of Src kinase display increased stress fibers and larger focal adhesions, suggesting an altered contraction status consistent with the increased NM2A activity that we also observed. We propose NM2A pTyr158 as a novel layer of regulation of actomyosin cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Brito
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- MCBiology PhD Program-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- MCBiology PhD Program-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar-ICBAS, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco S Mesquita
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Rivera Alvarez J, Asselin L, Tilly P, Benoit R, Batisse C, Richert L, Batisse J, Morlet B, Levet F, Schwaller N, Mély Y, Ruff M, Reymann AC, Godin JD. The kinesin Kif21b regulates radial migration of cortical projection neurons through a non-canonical function on actin cytoskeleton. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112744. [PMID: 37418324 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Completion of neuronal migration is critical for brain development. Kif21b is a plus-end-directed kinesin motor protein that promotes intracellular transport and controls microtubule dynamics in neurons. Here we report a physiological function of Kif21b during radial migration of projection neurons in the mouse developing cortex. In vivo analysis in mouse and live imaging on cultured slices demonstrate that Kif21b regulates the radial glia-guided locomotion of newborn neurons independently of its motility on microtubules. We show that Kif21b directly binds and regulates the actin cytoskeleton both in vitro and in vivo in migratory neurons. We establish that Kif21b-mediated regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics influences branching and nucleokinesis during neuronal locomotion. Altogether, our results reveal atypical roles of Kif21b on the actin cytoskeleton during migration of cortical projection neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rivera Alvarez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Asselin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peggy Tilly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Roxane Benoit
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Batisse
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7021, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Batisse
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bastien Morlet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Levet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5297, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UAR 3420, US 4, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Noémie Schwaller
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7021, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Ruff
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Reymann
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette D Godin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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14
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Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) motors are the major contractile machines in most cell types. Unsurprisingly, these ubiquitously expressed actin-based motors power a plethora of subcellular, cellular and multicellular processes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biochemical properties and mechanisms of regulation of this myosin. We highlight the central role of NM2 in multiple fundamental cellular processes, which include cell migration, cytokinesis, epithelial barrier function and tissue morphogenesis. In addition, we highlight recent studies using advanced imaging technologies that have revealed aspects of NM2 assembly hitherto inaccessible. This article will hopefully appeal to both cytoskeletal enthusiasts and investigators from outside the cytoskeleton field who have interests in one of the many basic cellular processes requiring actomyosin force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
| | - John A. Hammer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jordan R. Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
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15
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Vitriol EA, Quintanilla MA, Tidei JJ, Troughton LD, Cody A, Cisterna BA, Jane ML, Oakes PW, Beach JR. Non-muscle myosin 2 filaments are processive in cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529920. [PMID: 36865321 PMCID: PMC9980172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Directed transport of cellular components is often dependent on the processive movements of cytoskeletal motors. Myosin 2 motors predominantly engage actin filaments of opposing orientation to drive contractile events, and are therefore not traditionally viewed as processive. However, recent in vitro experiments with purified non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) demonstrated myosin 2 filaments could move processively. Here, we establish processivity as a cellular property of NM2. Processive runs in central nervous system-derived CAD cells are most apparent as processive movements on bundled actin in protrusions that terminate at the leading edge. We find that processive velocities in vivo are consistent with in vitro measurements. NM2 makes these processive runs in its filamentous form against lamellipodia retrograde flow, though anterograde movement can still occur in the absence of actin dynamics. Comparing the processivity of NM2 isoforms, we find that NM2A moves slightly faster than NM2B. Finally, we demonstrate that this is not a cell-specific property, as we observe processive-like movements of NM2 in the lamella and subnuclear stress fibers of fibroblasts. Collectively, these observations further broaden NM2 functionality and the biological processes in which the already ubiquitous motor can contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Melissa A Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Joseph J Tidei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Lee D Troughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Abigail Cody
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Bruno A Cisterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Makenzie L Jane
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
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16
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Stickel KC, Mosley AL, Doud EH, Belecky-Adams TL, Baucum AJ. Mechanisms of spinophilin-dependent pancreas dysregulation underlying diabesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.07.527495. [PMID: 36798361 PMCID: PMC9934546 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Spinophilin is an F-actin binding and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting protein that acts as a scaffold of PP1 to its substrates. Spinophilin knockout (Spino-/-) mice have decreased fat mass, increased lean mass, and improved glucose tolerance, with no difference in feeding behaviors. While spinophilin is enriched in neurons, its roles in non-neuronal tissues, such as beta cells of the pancreatic islets, are unclear. Methods & Results We have corroborated and expanded upon previous studies to determine that Spino-/- mice have decreased weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in two different models of obesity. Using proteomics and immunoblotting-based approaches we identified multiple putative spinophilin interacting proteins isolated from intact pancreas and observed increased interactions of spinophilin with exocrine, ribosomal, and cytoskeletal protein classes that mediate peptide hormone production, processing, and/or release in Leprdb/db and/or high fat-fed (HFF) models of obesity. Moreover, loss of spinophilin specifically in pancreatic beta cells improved glucose tolerance without impacting body weight. Conclusion Our data further support a role for spinophilin in mediating pathophysiological changes in body weight and whole-body metabolism associated with obesity and provide the first evidence that spinophilin mediates obesity-dependent pancreatic dysfunction that leads to deficits in glucose homeostasis or diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn C. Stickel
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amber L. Mosley
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emma H. Doud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teri L. Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J. Baucum
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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17
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Elevation of Cytoplasmic Calcium Suppresses Microtentacle Formation and Function in Breast Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030884. [PMID: 36765843 PMCID: PMC9913253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal remodeling in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) facilitates metastatic spread. Previous oncology studies examine sustained aberrant calcium (Ca2+) signaling and cytoskeletal remodeling scrutinizing long-term phenotypes such as tumorigenesis and metastasis. The significance of acute Ca2+ signaling in tumor cells that occur within seconds to minutes is overlooked. This study investigates rapid cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation in suspended cells on actin and tubulin cytoskeletal rearrangements and the metastatic microtentacle (McTN) phenotype. The compounds Ionomycin and Thapsigargin acutely increase cytoplasmic Ca2+, suppressing McTNs in the metastatic breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436. Functional decreases in McTN-mediated reattachment and cell clustering during the first 24 h of treatment are not attributed to cytotoxicity. Rapid cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation was correlated to Ca2+-induced actin cortex contraction and rearrangement via myosin light chain 2 and cofilin activity, while the inhibition of actin polymerization with Latrunculin A reversed Ca2+-mediated McTN suppression. Preclinical and phase 1 and 2 clinical trial data have established Thapsigargin derivatives as cytotoxic anticancer agents. The results from this study suggest an alternative molecular mechanism by which these compounds act, and proof-of-principle Ca2+-modulating compounds can rapidly induce morphological changes in free-floating tumor cells to reduce metastatic phenotypes.
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18
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Alanazi SM, Feroz W, Mishra R, Kilroy MK, Patel H, Yuan L, Storr SJ, Garrett JT. HER2 inhibition increases non-muscle myosin IIA to promote tumorigenesis in HER2+ breast cancers. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285251. [PMID: 37200287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 is over-expressed in around 15% to 20% of breast cancers. HER3 plays a critical role in HER2 mediated tumorigenesis. Increased HER3 transcription and protein levels occur upon inhibition of HER2. We aimed to identify proteins that bound to HER3 upon inhibition of the HER family with the pan-HER inhibitor neratinib in HER2+ breast cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation of HER3 followed by mass spectrometry experiments found non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) increased upon neratinib treatment relative to vehicle DMSO treatment. MYH9 is the gene that encodes for the heavy chain of NMIIA. Breast cancer patients with high MYH9 were significantly associated with a shorter disease specific survival compared to patients with low MYH9 expression from the METABRIC cohort of patients. In addition, high MYH9 expression was associated with HER2+ tumors from this cohort. Immunoblots of whole cell lysates of BT474 and MDA-MB-453 HER2+ breast cancer cells demonstrated elevated HER3 and NMIIA protein levels upon neratinib treatment for 24 hours. To examine the role of NMIIA in HER2+ breast cancer, we modulated NMIIA levels in BT474 and MDA-MB-453 cells using doxycycline inducible shRNA targeting MYH9. MYH9 knockdown reduces HER3 protein levels and concomitant reduction in downstream P-Akt. In addition, loss of MYH9 suppresses cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our data reveals that NMIIA regulates HER3 and loss of NMIIA reduces HER2+ breast cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Alanazi
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Wasim Feroz
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Rosalin Mishra
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Mary Kate Kilroy
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Hima Patel
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Long Yuan
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah J Storr
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joan T Garrett
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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19
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Olson MF. Actin-Myosin Cytoskeleton Regulation and Function. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010009. [PMID: 36611802 PMCID: PMC9818783 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape and load bearing strength of cells are determined by the complex protein network comprising the actin-myosin cytoskeleton [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5G 2K3, Canada
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20
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Contraction of the rigor actomyosin complex drives bulk hemoglobin expulsion from hemolyzing erythrocytes. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 22:417-432. [PMID: 36357646 PMCID: PMC10097772 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocyte ghost formation via hemolysis is a key event in the physiological clearance of senescent red blood cells (RBCs) in the spleen. The turnover rate of millions of RBCs per second necessitates a rapid efflux of hemoglobin (Hb) from RBCs by a not yet identified mechanism. Using high-speed video-microscopy of isolated RBCs, we show that electroporation-induced efflux of cytosolic ATP and other small solutes leads to transient cell shrinkage and echinocytosis, followed by osmotic swelling to the critical hemolytic volume. The onset of hemolysis coincided with a sudden self-propelled cell motion, accompanied by cell contraction and Hb-jet ejection. Our biomechanical model, which relates the Hb-jet-driven cell motion to the cytosolic pressure generation via elastic contraction of the RBC membrane, showed that the contributions of the bilayer and the bilayer-anchored spectrin cytoskeleton to the hemolytic cell motion are negligible. Consistent with the biomechanical analysis, our biochemical experiments, involving extracellular ATP and the myosin inhibitor blebbistatin, identify the low abundant non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) as the key contributor to the Hb-jet emission and fast hemolytic cell motion. Thus, our data reveal a rapid myosin-based mechanism of hemolysis, as opposed to a much slower diffusive Hb efflux.
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21
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Ren X, Zhu H, Deng K, Ning X, Li L, Liu D, Yang B, Shen C, Wang X, Wu N, Chen S, Gu D, Wang L. Long Noncoding RNA TPRG1-AS1 Suppresses Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Attenuates Atherogenesis via Interacting With MYH9 Protein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1378-1397. [PMID: 36172865 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study aims to functionally characterize long noncoding RNA TPRG1-AS1 (tumor protein p63 regulated 1, antisense 1) in HASMCs and reveal the underlying mechanism of TPRG1-AS1 in HASMCs migration, neointima formation, and subsequent atherosclerosis. METHODS The expression of TPRG1-AS1 in atherosclerotic plaques was verified a series of in silico analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Northern blot, rapid amplification of cDNA ends and Sanger sequencing were used to determine its full length. In vitro transcription-translation assay was used to investigate the protein-coding capacity of TPRG1-AS1. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to confirm its subcellular localization. Loss- and gain-of-function studies were used to investigate the function of TPRG1-AS1. Furthermore, the effect of TPRG1-AS1 on the pathological response was evaluated in carotid balloon injury model, wire injury model, and atherosclerosis model, respectively. RESULTS TPRG1-AS1 was significantly increased in atherosclerotic plaques. TPRG1-AS1 did not encode any proteins and its full length was 1279nt, which was bona fide a long noncoding RNA. TPRG1-AS1 was mainly localized in cytoplasmic and perinuclear regions in HASMCs. TPRG1-AS1 directly interacted with MYH9 (myosin heavy chain 9) protein in HASMCs, promoted MYH9 protein degradation through the proteasome pathway, hindered F-actin stress fiber formation, and finally inhibited HASMCs migration. Vascular smooth muscle cell-specific transgenic overexpression of TPRG1-AS1 significantly reduced neointima formation, and attenuated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that TPRG1-AS1 inhibited HASMCs migration through interacting with MYH9 protein and consequently suppressed neointima formation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keyong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Shen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (C.S.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqiang Wang
- Department of Surgery (X.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naqiong Wu
- Cardiometabolic Center (N.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (X.R., H.Z., K.D., X.N., D.L., B.Y., S.C., D.G., L.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Prichard A, Khuu L, Whitmore LC, Irimia D, Allen LAH. Helicobacter pylori-infected human neutrophils exhibit impaired chemotaxis and a uropod retraction defect. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038349. [PMID: 36341418 PMCID: PMC9630475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen that colonizes the gastric mucosa and plays a causative role in development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Neutrophils are heavily infected with this organism in vivo and play a prominent role in tissue destruction and disease. Recently, we demonstrated that H. pylori exploits neutrophil plasticity as part of its virulence strategy eliciting N1-like subtype differentiation that is notable for profound nuclear hypersegmentation. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that hypersegmentation may enhance neutrophil migratory capacity. However, EZ-TAXIScan™ video imaging revealed a previously unappreciated and progressive chemotaxis defect that was apparent prior to hypersegmentation onset. Cell speed and directionality were significantly impaired to fMLF as well as C5a and IL-8. Infected cells oriented normally in chemotactic gradients, but speed and direction were impaired because of a uropod retraction defect that led to cell elongation, nuclear lobe trapping in the contracted rear and progressive narrowing of the leading edge. In contrast, chemotactic receptor abundance, adhesion, phagocytosis and other aspects of cell function were unchanged. At the molecular level, H. pylori phenocopied the effects of Blebbistatin as indicated by aberrant accumulation of F-actin and actin spikes at the uropod together with enhanced ROCKII-mediated phosphorylation of myosin IIA regulatory light chains at S19. At the same time, RhoA and ROCKII disappeared from the cell rear and accumulated at the leading edge whereas myosin IIA was enriched at both cell poles. These data suggest that H. pylori inhibits the dynamic changes in myosin IIA contractility and front-to-back polarity that are essential for chemotaxis. Taken together, our data advance understanding of PMN plasticity and H. pylori pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Prichard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lisa Khuu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laura C. Whitmore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lee-Ann H. Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Lee-Ann H. Allen,
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23
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You GR, Chang JT, Li YL, Huang CW, Tsai YL, Fan KH, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Chang PH, Cheng AJ. MYH9 Facilitates Cell Invasion and Radioresistance in Head and Neck Cancer via Modulation of Cellular ROS Levels by Activating the MAPK-Nrf2-GCLC Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182855. [PMID: 36139430 PMCID: PMC9497050 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYH9 (Myosin heavy chain 9), an architecture component of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, has been reported to be dysregulated in several types of cancers. However, how this molecule contributes to cancer development is still obscure. This study deciphered the molecular function of MYH9 in head and neck cancer (HNC). Cellular methods included clonogenic survival, wound-healing migration, and Matrigel invasion assays. Molecular techniques included RT-qPCR, western blot, luciferase reporter assays, and flow cytometry. Clinical association studies were undertaken by TCGA data mining, Spearman correlation, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We found that MYH9 was overexpressed in tumors and associated with poor prognosis in HNC patients. MYH9 promoted cell motility along with the modulation of the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, ITGA6, fascin, vimentin, MMPs). Also, MYH9 contributed to radioresistance and was related to the expression of anti-apoptotic and DNA repairing molecules (XIAP, MCL1, BCL2L1, ATM, RAD50, and NBN). Mechanically, MYH9 suppressed cellular ROS levels, which were achieved by activating the pan-MAPK signaling molecules (Erk, p38, and JNK), the induction of Nrf2 transcriptional activity, and the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (GCLC, GCLM, GPX2). The antioxidant enzyme GCLC was further demonstrated to facilitate cell invasion and radioresistance in HNC cells. Thus, MYH9 exerts malignant functions in HNC by regulating cellular ROS levels via activating the MAPK-Nrf2-GCLC signaling pathway. As MYH9 contributes to radioresistance and metastasis, this molecule may serve as a prognostic biomarker for clinical application. Furthermore, an in vivo study is emergent to support the therapeutic potential of targeting MYH9 to better manage refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rung You
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Joseph T. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Liang Li
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Tsai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsing Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236017, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jan Kang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-LinKou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Fu Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-LinKou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-LinKou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118-800
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24
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Matozo T, Kogachi L, de Alencar BC. Myosin motors on the pathway of viral infections. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:41-63. [PMID: 35842902 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motors are microscopic machines that use energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to generate movement. While kinesins and dynein are molecular motors associated with microtubule tracks, myosins bind to and move on actin filaments. Mammalian cells express several myosin motors. They power cellular processes such as endo- and exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, transcription, migration, and cytokinesis. As viruses navigate through cells, they may take advantage or be hindered by host components and machinery, including the cytoskeleton. This review delves into myosins' cell roles and compares them to their reported functions in viral infections. In most cases, the previously described myosin functions align with their reported role in viral infections, although not in all cases. This opens the possibility that knowledge obtained from studying myosins in viral infections might shed light on new physiological roles for myosins in cells. However, given the high number of myosins expressed and the variety of viruses investigated in the different studies, it is challenging to infer whether the interactions found are specific to a single virus or can be applied to other viruses with the same characteristics. We conclude that the participation of myosins in viral cycles is still a largely unexplored area, especially concerning unconventional myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Matozo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Kogachi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cunha de Alencar
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Ham H, Medlyn M, Billadeau DD. Locked and Loaded: Mechanisms Regulating Natural Killer Cell Lytic Granule Biogenesis and Release. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871106. [PMID: 35558071 PMCID: PMC9088006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a critical element of our immune system required for protection from microbial infections and cancer. NK cells bind to and eliminate infected or cancerous cells via direct secretion of cytotoxic molecules toward the bound target cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular regulations of NK cell cytotoxicity, focusing on lytic granule development and degranulation processes. NK cells synthesize apoptosis-inducing proteins and package them into specialized organelles known as lytic granules (LGs). Upon activation of NK cells, LGs converge with the microtubule organizing center through dynein-dependent movement along microtubules, ultimately polarizing to the cytotoxic synapse where they subsequently fuse with the NK plasma membrane. From LGs biogenesis to degranulation, NK cells utilize several strategies to protect themselves from their own cytotoxic molecules. Additionally, molecular pathways that enable NK cells to perform serial killing are beginning to be elucidated. These advances in the understanding of the molecular pathways behind NK cell cytotoxicity will be important to not only improve current NK cell-based anti-cancer therapies but also to support the discovery of additional therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungjun Ham
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael Medlyn
- Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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26
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Wu P, Zhou K, Zhang J, Ling X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Li P, Wei Q, Zhang T, Wang X, Zhang G. Identification of crucial circRNAs in skeletal muscle during chicken embryonic development. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:330. [PMID: 35484498 PMCID: PMC9052468 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken provides humans with a large amount of animal protein every year, in which skeletal muscle plays a leading role. The embryonic skeletal muscle development determines the number of muscle fibers and will affect the muscle production of chickens. CircRNAs are involved in a variety of important biological processes, including muscle development. However, studies on circRNAs in the chicken embryo muscle development are still lacking. Results In the study, we collected chicken leg muscles at 14 and 20-day embryo ages both in the fast- and slow-growing groups for RNA-seq. We identified 245 and 440 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs in the comparison group F14vsF20 and S14vsS20 respectively. GO enrichment analysis for the host genes of DE circRNAs showed that biological process (BP) terms in the top 20 related to growth in F14vsF20 were found such as positive regulation of transcription involved in G1/S phase of mitotic cell cycle, multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process, and multicellular organismal metabolic process. In group S14vsS20, we also found some BP terms associated with growth in the top 20 including actomyosin structure organization, actin cytoskeleton organization and myofibril assembly. A total of 7 significantly enriched pathways were obtained, containing Adherens junction and Tight junction. Further analysis of those pathways found three crucial host genes MYH9, YBX3, IGF1R in both fast- and slow-growing groups, three important host genes CTNNA3, AFDN and CREBBP only in the fast-growing group, and six host genes FGFR2, ACTN2, COL1A2, CDC42, DOCK1 and MYL3 only in the slow-growing group. In addition, circRNA-miRNA network also revealed some key regulation pairs such as novel_circ_0007646-miR-1625-5p, novel_circ_0007646-miR-1680-5p, novel_circ_0008913-miR-148b-5p, novel_circ_0008906-miR-148b-5p and novel_circ_0001640-miR-1759-3p. Conclusions Comprehensive analysis of circRNAs and their targets would contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in poultry skeletal muscle and it also plays an important guiding role in the next research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08588-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kaizhi Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuanze Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinchao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Qingyu Wei
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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PI3Kγ stimulates a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase to promote myeloid cell adhesion and tumor inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1768. [PMID: 35365657 PMCID: PMC8975949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells play key roles in cancer immune suppression and tumor progression. In response to tumor derived factors, circulating monocytes and granulocytes extravasate into the tumor parenchyma where they stimulate angiogenesis, immune suppression and tumor progression. Chemokines, cytokines and interleukins stimulate PI3Kγ-mediated Rap1 activation, leading to conformational changes in integrin α4β1 that promote myeloid cell extravasation and tumor inflammation Here we show that PI3Kγ activates a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase, MLCK210, that promotes myosin-dependent Rap1 GTP loading, leading to integrin α4β1 activation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MLCK210 suppresses integrin α4β1 activation, as well as tumor inflammation and progression. These results demonstrate a critical role for myeloid cell MLCK210 in tumor inflammation and serve as basis for the development of alternative approaches to develop immune oncology therapeutics. Myeloid cell recruitment during tumor inflammation depends on the VCAM-1 receptor integrin α4β1. Here the authors show that a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase, MLCK210, is required for myeloid cell integrin α4β1 activation and adhesion and that MLCK210 inhibition reduces tumor growth and inflammation in preclinical cancer models.
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28
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ADCK2 Knockdown Affects the Migration of Melanoma Cells via MYL6. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041071. [PMID: 35205819 PMCID: PMC8869929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a growing health issue in the 21st century. Due to early metastasis and the development of resistance, it still goes along with a poor prognosis. ADCK protein kinases have been shown to play a role during cancer development and metastasis. Here, we investigated the role of ADCK2 in melanoma. In our study, we showed that higher levels of intratumoral ADCK2 benefit patient survival, while a low expression of ADCK2 was associated with a higher motility and a dedifferentiated state of melanoma cells, which facilitates metastasis. Our results could give new insights into melanoma metastasis, and ADCK2 could qualify as a prognostic marker or a target for melanoma therapy in the future. Abstract Background: ADCK2 is a member of the AarF domain-containing kinase family, which consists of five members, and has been shown to play a role in CoQ metabolism. However, ADCKs have also been connected to cancer cell survival, proliferation and motility. In this study, we investigated the role of ADCK2 in melanoma. Methods: The effect of ADCK2 on melanoma cell motility was evaluated by a scratch assay and a transwell invasion assay upon siRNA-mediated knockdown or stable overexpression of ADCK2. Results: We found that high levels of intratumoral ADCK2 and MYL6 are associated with a higher survival rate in melanoma patients. Knocking down ADCK2 resulted in enhanced cell migration of melanoma cells. Moreover, ADCK2-knockdown cells adopted a more dedifferentiated phenotype. A gene expression array revealed that the expression of ADCK2 correlated with the expressions of MYL6 and RAB2A. Knocking down MYL6 in ADCK2-overexpressing cells could abrogate the effect of ADCK2 overexpression and thus confirm the functional connection between ADCK2 and MYL6. Conclusion: ADCK2 affects melanoma cell motility, most probably via MYL6. Our results allow the conclusion that ADCK2 could act as a tumor suppressor in melanoma.
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29
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Zhang Z, Xie H, Zuo W, Tang J, Zeng Z, Cai W, Lai L, Lu Y, Shen L, Dong X, Yin L, Tang D, Dai Y. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation proteomics reveals protein modification alteration in the actin cytoskeleton pathway of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Proteomics 2021; 249:104371. [PMID: 34500091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As the most commonplace malignant carcinoma in the oral cavity, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is highly invasive and prone to recurrence. The nosogenesis of OSCC are affected by epigenetics. Recently, a newly-found post-translational modification of lysine, 2-hydroxyisobutylation (Khib), has been proved to play a critical role in biological regulation. However, no research has evaluated the mechanism of Khib in oral cancer. Here, we performed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics combined with bioinformatics analysis to reveal and evaluate Khib protein alterations in OSCC. Numerous proteins in OSCC undergo up-regulated modification of Khib. We quantified and identified 967 proteins with differential expression levels, and 617 2-hydroxyisobutylated proteins with 938 Khib sites. Among them, 125 proteins both differentially expressed and accompanied by obvious Khib modification were further identified and analyzed through KEGG-based and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). These proteins are enriched in the actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathway, and IPA predicted that they alter the state of actin aggregation and stability, hence impacting and regulating the actin cytoskeleton in OSCC. This is the first 2-hydroxyisobutylated modification proteomics performed for OSCC. Khib protein is significantly concentrated in the actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathway, indicating that this pathway may mediate the tumorigenesis or exacerbation of OSCC. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study that revealed the alterations of Khib protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma through LC-MS/MS-based modified proteomic. Our data showed that the protein in the actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathway was underwent significant Khib modification and abundance changes. We applied predictive function in IPA software to analyze and clarify that the aggregation of actin and the regulation of actin stability that mediated by the actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathway may be the potential mechanism of the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our research broadens the understanding of the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and provides new insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN 518020, PR China; Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hongliang Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN 518020, PR China
| | - Wenxin Zuo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN 518020, PR China
| | - Jianming Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN 518020, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN 518020, PR China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN 518020, PR China
| | - Liusheng Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Affiliated No. 924 Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guilin 541002, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yongpin Lu
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lingjun Shen
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Dong
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Donge Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN 518020, PR China.
| | - Yong Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN 518020, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Affiliated No. 924 Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guilin 541002, Guangxi, PR China.
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30
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Ready DF, Chang HC. Calcium waves facilitate and coordinate the contraction of endfeet actin stress fibers in Drosophila interommatidial cells. Development 2021; 148:272616. [PMID: 34698814 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Actomyosin contraction shapes the Drosophila eye's panoramic view. The convex curvature of the retinal epithelium, organized in ∼800 close-packed ommatidia, depends upon a fourfold condensation of the retinal floor mediated by contraction of actin stress fibers in the endfeet of interommatidial cells (IOCs). How these tensile forces are coordinated is not known. Here, we discover a novel phenomenon: Ca2+ waves regularly propagate across the IOC network in pupal and adult eyes. Genetic evidence demonstrates that IOC waves are independent of phototransduction, but require inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), suggesting these waves are mediated by Ca2+ releases from ER stores. Removal of IP3R disrupts stress fibers in IOC endfeet and increases the basal retinal surface by ∼40%, linking IOC waves to facilitating stress fiber contraction and floor morphogenesis. Further, IP3R loss disrupts the organization of a collagen IV network underneath the IOC endfeet, implicating ECM and its interaction with stress fibers in eye morphogenesis. We propose that coordinated cytosolic Ca2+ increases in IOC waves promote stress fiber contractions, ensuring an organized application of the planar tensile forces that condense the retinal floor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Ready
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
| | - Henry C Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
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31
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Natnan ME, Mayalvanan Y, Jazamuddin FM, Aizat WM, Low CF, Goh HH, Azizan KA, Bunawan H, Baharum SN. Omics Strategies in Current Advancements of Infectious Fish Disease Management. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1086. [PMID: 34827079 PMCID: PMC8614662 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is an important industry globally as it remains one of the significant alternatives of animal protein source supplies for humankind. Yet, the progression of this industry is being dampened by the increasing rate of fish mortality, mainly the outbreak of infectious diseases. Consequently, the regress in aquaculture ultimately results in the economy of multiple countries being affected due to the decline of product yields and marketability. By 2025, aquaculture is expected to contribute approximately 57% of fish consumption worldwide. Without a strategic approach to curb infectious diseases, the increasing demands of the aquaculture industry may not be sustainable and hence contributing to the over-fishing of wild fish. Recently, a new holistic approach that utilizes multi-omics platforms including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is unraveling the intricate molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction. This approach aims to provide a better understanding of how to improve the resistance of host species. However, no comprehensive review has been published on multi-omics strategies in deciphering fish disease etiology and molecular regulation. Most publications have only covered particular omics and no constructive reviews on various omics findings across fish species, particularly on their immune systems, have been described elsewhere. Our previous publication reviewed the integration of omics application for understanding the mechanism of fish immune response due to microbial infection. Hence, this review provides a thorough compilation of current advancements in omics strategies for fish disease management in the aquaculture industry. The discovery of biomarkers in various fish diseases and their potential advancement to complement the recent progress in combatting fish disease is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.E.N.); (Y.M.); (F.M.J.); (W.M.A.); (C.-F.L.); (H.-H.G.); (K.A.A.); (H.B.)
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32
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Szafranska K, Kruse LD, Holte CF, McCourt P, Zapotoczny B. The wHole Story About Fenestrations in LSEC. Front Physiol 2021; 12:735573. [PMID: 34588998 PMCID: PMC8473804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The porosity of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) ensures bidirectional passive transport of lipoproteins, drugs and solutes between the liver capillaries and the liver parenchyma. This porosity is realized via fenestrations - transcellular pores with diameters in the range of 50-300 nm - typically grouped together in sieve plates. Aging and several liver disorders severely reduce LSEC porosity, decreasing their filtration properties. Over the years, a variety of drugs, stimulants, and toxins have been investigated in the context of altered diameter or frequency of fenestrations. In fact, any change in the porosity, connected with the change in number and/or size of fenestrations is reflected in the overall liver-vascular system crosstalk. Recently, several commonly used medicines have been proposed to have a beneficial effect on LSEC re-fenestration in aging. These findings may be important for the aging populations of the world. In this review we collate the literature on medicines, recreational drugs, hormones and laboratory tools (including toxins) where the effect LSEC morphology was quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, different experimental models of liver pathology are discussed in the context of fenestrations. The second part of this review covers the cellular mechanisms of action to enable physicians and researchers to predict the effect of newly developed drugs on LSEC porosity. To achieve this, we discuss four existing hypotheses of regulation of fenestrations. Finally, we provide a summary of the cellular mechanisms which are demonstrated to tune the porosity of LSEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Szafranska
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Larissa D Kruse
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher Florian Holte
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter McCourt
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bartlomiej Zapotoczny
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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33
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Trela E, Lan Q, Myllymäki SM, Villeneuve C, Lindström R, Kumar V, Wickström SA, Mikkola ML. Cell influx and contractile actomyosin force drive mammary bud growth and invagination. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202008062. [PMID: 34042944 PMCID: PMC8164091 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland develops from the surface ectoderm during embryogenesis and proceeds through morphological phases defined as placode, hillock, bud, and bulb stages followed by branching morphogenesis. During this early morphogenesis, the mammary bud undergoes an invagination process where the thickened bud initially protrudes above the surface epithelium and then transforms to a bulb and sinks into the underlying mesenchyme. The signaling pathways regulating the early morphogenetic steps have been identified to some extent, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain ill defined. Here, we use 3D and 4D confocal microscopy to show that the early growth of the mammary rudiment is accomplished by migration-driven cell influx, with minor contributions of cell hypertrophy and proliferation. We delineate a hitherto undescribed invagination mechanism driven by thin, elongated keratinocytes-ring cells-that form a contractile rim around the mammary bud and likely exert force via the actomyosin network. Furthermore, we show that conditional deletion of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) impairs invagination, resulting in abnormal mammary bud shape.
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MESH Headings
- Actomyosin/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/ultrastructure
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gestational Age
- Hypertrophy
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/ultrastructure
- Mammary Glands, Animal/embryology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/ultrastructure
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Morphogenesis
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Trela
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu-Marja Myllymäki
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clémentine Villeneuve
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Lindström
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara A. Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marja L. Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Porro C, Pennella A, Panaro MA, Trotta T. Functional Role of Non-Muscle Myosin II in Microglia: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136687. [PMID: 34206505 PMCID: PMC8267657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosins are a remarkable superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to translocate actin filaments and to produce force. Myosins are abundant in different types of tissues and involved in a large variety of cellular functions. Several classes of the myosin superfamily are expressed in the nervous system; among them, non-muscle myosin II (NM II) is expressed in both neurons and non-neuronal brain cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia. In the nervous system, NM II modulates a variety of functions, such as vesicle transport, phagocytosis, cell migration, cell adhesion and morphology, secretion, transcription, and cytokinesis, as well as playing key roles during brain development, inflammation, repair, and myelination functions. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of recent emerging roles of NM II in resting and activated microglia cells, the principal regulators of immune processes in the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. When stimulated, microglial cells react and produce a number of mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and nitric oxide, that enhance inflammation and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of NM II could be a new therapeutic target to treat or to prevent CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Pennella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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35
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Duan H, Khan GJ, Shang LJ, Peng H, Hu WC, Zhang JY, Hua J, Cassandra A, Rashed MM, Zhai KF. Computational pharmacology and bioinformatics to explore the potential mechanism of Schisandra against atherosclerosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 150:112058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Liu C, Liao Z, Duan X, Yu P, Kong P, Tao Z, Liu W. The MYH9 Cytoskeletal Protein Is a Novel Corepressor of Androgen Receptors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641496. [PMID: 33959503 PMCID: PMC8093144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the androgen receptor (AR) that serves as a transcription factor becomes the most remarkable molecule. The transcriptional activity of AR is regulated by various coregulators. As a result, altered expression levels, an aberrant location or activities of coregulators promote the development of prostate cancer. We describe herein results showing that compared with androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) cells, AR nuclear translocation capability is enhanced in androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cells. To gain insight into whether AR coregulators are responsible for AR translocation capability, we performed coimmunoprecipitation (CO-IP) coupled with LC-MS/MS to screen 27 previously reported AR cofactors and 46 candidate AR cofactors. Furthermore, one candidate, myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), was identified and verified as a novel AR cofactor. Interestingly, the distribution of MYH9 was in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments yet was enriched in the nucleus when AR was knocked down by AR shRNA, suggesting that the nuclear translocation of MYH9 was negatively regulated by AR. In addition, we found that blebbistatin, an inhibitor of MYH9, not only promoted AR nuclear translocation but also enhanced the expression of the AR target gene PSA, which indicates that MYH9 represses nuclear AR signaling. Taken together, our findings reveal that MYH9 appears to be a novel corepressor of AR plays a pivotal role in the progression of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoping Liao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piaoping Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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37
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Myosin Motors: Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040741. [PMID: 33670106 PMCID: PMC7916823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease that may go undiagnosed until it presents at an advanced metastatic stage for which few interventions are available. The development and metastatic spread of CRC is driven by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells. Myosins represent a large family of actin motor proteins that play key roles in regulating actin cytoskeleton architecture and dynamics. Different myosins can move and cross-link actin filaments, attach them to the membrane organelles and translocate vesicles along the actin filaments. These diverse activities determine the key roles of myosins in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. Either mutations or the altered expression of different myosins have been well-documented in CRC; however, the roles of these actin motors in colon cancer development remain poorly understood. The present review aims at summarizing the evidence that implicate myosin motors in regulating CRC growth and metastasis and discusses the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic and tumor-suppressing activities of myosins. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Clinicians are largely faced with advanced and metastatic disease for which few interventions are available. One poorly understood aspect of CRC involves altered organization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially at the metastatic stage of the disease. Myosin motors are crucial regulators of actin cytoskeletal architecture and remodeling. They act as mechanosensors of the tumor environments and control key cellular processes linked to oncogenesis, including cell division, extracellular matrix adhesion and tissue invasion. Different myosins play either oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in breast, lung and prostate cancer; however, little is known about their functions in CRC. This review focuses on the functional roles of myosins in colon cancer development. We discuss the most studied class of myosins, class II (conventional) myosins, as well as several classes (I, V, VI, X and XVIII) of unconventional myosins that have been linked to CRC development. Altered expression and mutations of these motors in clinical tumor samples and their roles in CRC growth and metastasis are described. We also evaluate the potential of using small molecular modulators of myosin activity to develop novel anticancer therapies.
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38
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Franz P, Ewert W, Preller M, Tsiavaliaris G. Unraveling a Force-Generating Allosteric Pathway of Actomyosin Communication Associated with ADP and P i Release. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010104. [PMID: 33374308 PMCID: PMC7795666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actomyosin system generates mechanical work with the execution of the power stroke, an ATP-driven, two-step rotational swing of the myosin-neck that occurs post ATP hydrolysis during the transition from weakly to strongly actin-bound myosin states concomitant with Pi release and prior to ADP dissociation. The activating role of actin on product release and force generation is well documented; however, the communication paths associated with weak-to-strong transitions are poorly characterized. With the aid of mutant analyses based on kinetic investigations and simulations, we identified the W-helix as an important hub coupling the structural changes of switch elements during ATP hydrolysis to temporally controlled interactions with actin that are passed to the central transducer and converter. Disturbing the W-helix/transducer pathway increased actin-activated ATP turnover and reduced motor performance as a consequence of prolonged duration of the strongly actin-attached states. Actin-triggered Pi release was accelerated, while ADP release considerably decelerated, both limiting maximum ATPase, thus transforming myosin-2 into a high-duty-ratio motor. This kinetic signature of the mutant allowed us to define the fractional occupancies of intermediate states during the ATPase cycle providing evidence that myosin populates a cleft-closure state of strong actin interaction during the weak-to-strong transition with bound hydrolysis products before accomplishing the power stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Franz
- Cellular Biophysics, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wiebke Ewert
- Structural Bioinformatics and Chemical Biology, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (W.E.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthias Preller
- Structural Bioinformatics and Chemical Biology, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (W.E.); (M.P.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Georgios Tsiavaliaris
- Cellular Biophysics, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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39
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Costa AR, Sousa MM. Non-Muscle Myosin II in Axonal Cell Biology: From the Growth Cone to the Axon Initial Segment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091961. [PMID: 32858875 PMCID: PMC7563147 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By binding to actin filaments, non-muscle myosin II (NMII) generates actomyosin networks that hold unique contractile properties. Their dynamic nature is essential for neuronal biology including the establishment of polarity, growth cone formation and motility, axon growth during development (and axon regeneration in the adult), radial and longitudinal axonal tension, and synapse formation and function. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the spatial distribution and function of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in different axonal compartments. We highlight some of the apparent contradictions and open questions in the field, including the role of NMII in the regulation of axon growth and regeneration, the possibility that NMII structural arrangement along the axon shaft may control both radial and longitudinal contractility, and the mechanism and functional purpose underlying NMII enrichment in the axon initial segment. With the advances in live cell imaging and super resolution microscopy, it is expected that in the near future the spatial distribution of NMII in the axon, and the mechanisms by which it participates in axonal biology will be further untangled.
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