1
|
Izumi Y, O’Dell KA, Zorumski CF. Glyphosate as a direct or indirect activator of pro-inflammatory signaling and cognitive impairment. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2212-2218. [PMID: 38488555 PMCID: PMC11034589 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used around the world, making it likely that most humans have significant exposure. Because of habitual exposure, there are concerns about toxicity including neurotoxicity that could result in neurological, psychiatric, or cognitive impairment. We recently found that a single injection of glyphosate inhibits long-term potentiation, a cellular model of learning and memory, in rat hippocampal slices dissected 1 day after injection, indicating that glyphosate-based herbicides can alter cognitive function. Glyphosate-based herbicides could adversely affect cognitive function either indirectly and/or directly. Indirectly, glyphosate could affect gut microbiota, and if dysbiosis results in endotoxemia (leaky gut), infiltrated bacterial by-products such as lipopolysaccharides could activate pro-inflammatory cascades. Glyphosate can also directly trigger pro-inflammatory cascades. Indeed, we observed that acute glyphosate exposure inhibits long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Interestingly, direct inhibition of long-term potentiation by glyphosate appears to be similar to that of lipopolysaccharides. There are several possible measures to control dysbiosis and neuroinflammation caused by glyphosate. Dietary intake of polyphenols, such as quercetin, which overcome the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on long-term potentiation, could be one effective strategy. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss possible mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity following glyphosate exposure as a means to identify potential treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kazuko A. O’Dell
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F. Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duan T, Alim A, Tian H, Li T. Roundup-Induced Gut Dysbiosis, Irrelevant to Aromatic Amino Acid Deficiency, Impairs the Gut Function in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39302074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate, the most popular herbicide globally, has long been considered safe for mammals. However, whether glyphosate can disturb gut microbiota via inhibiting aromatic amino acid (AAA) synthesis has been under debate recently. Here, we evaluated the impacts of chronic exposure to Roundup on gut health with the addition of AAA and explored the mechanism behind Roundup-induced gut dysfunction by performing fecal microbiota transplantation. 500 mg/kg·bw of Roundup, independent of AAA deficiency, caused severe damage to gut function, as characterized by gut microbial dysbiosis, oxidative stress damage, intestinal inflammation, and histopathological injury, particularly in female rats. Notably, similar to Roundup, Roundup-shaped gut microbiome evidently damaged serum, cecum, and colon profiling of oxidative stress biomarkers (malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and H2O2). Moreover, it induced 0.65-, 3.29-, and 2.36-fold increases in colonic IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and 0.34-fold decreases in the IL-10 level. Upon transplanting healthy fecal microbiota to Roundup-treated rats, they exhibited a healthier gut microenvironment with mitigated inflammation, oxidative damage, and intestinal injury. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the safety of Roundup, highlight the crucial role of gut microbiota in Roundup-induced gut dysfunction, and pave the way for developing gut-microbiota-based strategies to address Roundup-related safety issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Duan
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Aamina Alim
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Honglei Tian
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seneff S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Nigh G. Is autism a PIN1 deficiency syndrome? A proposed etiological role for glyphosate. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2124-2146. [PMID: 38808598 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, the prevalence of which has increased dramatically in the United States over the past two decades. It is characterized by stereotyped behaviors and impairments in social interaction and communication. In this paper, we present evidence that autism can be viewed as a PIN1 deficiency syndrome. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-Interacting 1 (PIN1) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, and it has widespread influences in biological organisms. Broadly speaking, PIN1 deficiency is linked to many neurodegenerative diseases, whereas PIN1 over-expression is linked to cancer. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) strongly inhibits PIN1, and the hormone melatonin inhibits DAPK1. Melatonin deficiency is strongly linked to autism. It has recently been shown that glyphosate exposure to rats inhibits melatonin synthesis as a result of increased glutamate release from glial cells and increased expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glyphosate's inhibition of melatonin leads to a reduction in PIN1 availability in neurons. In this paper, we show that PIN1 deficiency can explain many of the unique morphological features of autism, including increased dendritic spine density, missing or thin corpus callosum, and reduced bone density. We show how PIN1 deficiency disrupts the functioning of powerful high-level signaling molecules, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and p53. Dysregulation of both of these proteins has been linked to autism. Severe depletion of glutathione in the brain resulting from chronic exposure to oxidative stressors and extracellular glutamate leads to oxidation of the cysteine residue in PIN1, inactivating the protein and further contributing to PIN1 deficiency. Impaired autophagy leads to increased sensitivity of neurons to ferroptosis. It is imperative that further research be conducted to experimentally validate whether the mechanisms described here take place in response to chronic glyphosate exposure and whether this ultimately leads to autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Seneff
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Greg Nigh
- Immersion Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dinep-Schneider O, Appiah E, Dapper A, Patterson S, Vermulst M, Gout JF. Effects of the glyphosate-based herbicide roundup on C. elegans and S. cerevisiae mortality, reproduction, and transcription fidelity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124203. [PMID: 38830529 PMCID: PMC11321929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based weed killers such as Roundup have been implicated in detrimental effects on single- and multicellular eukaryotic model organism health and longevity. However, the mode(s) of action for these effects are currently unknown. In this study, we investigate the impact of exposure to Roundup on two model organisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans and test the hypothesis that exposure to Roundup decreases transcription fidelity. Population growth assays and motility assays were performed in order to determine the phenotypic effects of Roundup exposure. We also used Rolling-Circle Amplification RNA sequencing to quantify the impact of exposure to Roundup on transcription fidelity in these two model organisms. Our results show that exposure to the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup increases mortality, reduces reproduction, and increases transcription error rates in C. elegans and S. cerevisiae. We suggest that these effects may be due in part to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress, conditions which may also contribute to increases in transcription error rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eastilan Appiah
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Computational Biology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Amy Dapper
- Department of Biology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Sarah Patterson
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Computational Biology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Marc Vermulst
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Gout
- Department of Biology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoy JA, Haas GT, Hallock P. Was the massive increase in use of teratogenic agrichemicals in western states (USA) associated with declines in wild ruminant populations between 1994 and 2013? CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142320. [PMID: 38735490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Population declines were documented in multiple ruminant species in Montana and surrounding states starting in 1995. While weather, food sources, and predation certainly contributed, the declines were often attributed, at least partly, to unexplained factors. Use of teratogenic agrichemicals, notably neonicotinoid insecticides, fungicides, and glyphosate-based herbicides, massively increased regionally in 1994-96. The question explored in this review is whether this vastly increased use of these teratogenic pesticides might have contributed to observed population declines. We provide references and data documenting that specific developmental malformations on vertebrates can be associated with exposure to one or more of these agrichemicals. These pesticides are known to disrupt thyroid and other hormonal functions, mitochondrial functions, and biomineralization, all of which are particularly harmful to developing fetuses. Exposures can manifest as impaired embryonic development of craniofacial features, internal and reproductive organs, and musculoskeletal/integumental systems, often resulting in reproductive failure or weakened neonates. This paper reviews: a) studies of ruminant populations in the region, especially elk and white-tailed deer, prior to and after 1994; b) published and new data on underdeveloped facial bones in regional ruminants; c) published and new data on reproductive abnormalities in live and necropsied animals before and after 1994; and d) studies documenting the effects of exposures to three of the most applied teratogenic chemicals. While answers to the question posed above are complex and insufficient evidence is available for definitive answers, this review provides ideas for further consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Hoy
- 2858 Pheasant Lane, Stevensville, MT, 59870, USA; Bitterroot Wildlife Rehab Center, Stevensville, MT, 59870, (now retired), USA
| | - Gary T Haas
- Big Sky Beetle Works, 5189 Highway 93 North, Box 776, Florence, MT, 59833-0776, USA
| | - Pamela Hallock
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 Seventh Avenue S., St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nunes RFN, Marciano LPA, Oliveira GS, Cardoso NS, Paula FBDA, Sarpa M, Martins I. Glyphosate contamination of drinking water and the occurrence of oxidative stress: Exposure assessment to rural Brazilian populations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104476. [PMID: 38796121 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Studies reported that continuous application of glyphosate can cause disturbance in aquatic/terrestrial environments. As such, the objective of this study is to discuss the risk of exposure to the herbicide in drinking water and to assess the oxidative stress in the consumers rural populations of Casimiro de Abreu/ RJ and Paraguaçu/ MG, Brazil. For this, water samples (n=69) were analysed from the home of volunteers, by FMOC derivatizing- LC-FLD method. The oxidative stress was analysed determining lipid peroxidation (MAD) and defense enzymes (SOD and CAT) in serum samples from rural population (n=42) compared to urban residents (n= 42). Results of the analysis from drinking water, despite the low and moderate risk, by the hazard quotient (HQ), revealed that the population is environmentally exposed to the glyphosate. The relevant findings showed that is important to implement monitoring/ biomonitoring programs to prevent pollution and toxic effects in the rural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Ferreira Nascimento Nunes
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Paulo Aguiar Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Geovana Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Naiane Silva Cardoso
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry Research, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Borges de Araújo Paula
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Biochemistry Research, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Sarpa
- Laboratory of Environmental Occupational Toxicology and Cancer Surveillance, National Cancer Institute - INCA-RJ, Marquês de Pombal St. 125, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20230-240, Brazil
| | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bartling MT, Brandt A, Hollert H, Vilcinskas A. Current Insights into Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6007. [PMID: 38892195 PMCID: PMC11173082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of pesticides on insects is often discussed in terms of acute and chronic toxicity, but an important and often overlooked aspect is the impact of sublethal doses on insect physiology and behavior. Pesticides can influence various physiological parameters of insects, including the innate immune system, development, and reproduction, through a combination of direct effects on specific exposed tissues and the modification of behaviors that contribute to health and reproductive success. Such behaviors include mobility, feeding, oviposition, navigation, and the ability to detect pheromones. Pesticides also have a profound effect on insect learning and memory. The precise effects depend on many different factors, including the insect species, age, sex, caste, physiological condition, as well as the type and concentration of the active ingredients and the exposure route. More studies are needed to assess the effects of different active ingredients (and combinations thereof) on a wider range of species to understand how sublethal doses of pesticides can contribute to insect decline. This review reflects our current knowledge about sublethal effects of pesticides on insects and advancements in the development of innovative methods to detect them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merle-Theresa Bartling
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Annely Brandt
- Bee Institute Kirchhain, Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen, Erlenstr. 9, 35274 Kirchhain, Germany;
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Branch of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Morais Valentim JMB, Coradi C, Viana NP, Fagundes TR, Micheletti PL, Gaboardi SC, Fadel B, Pizzatti L, Candiotto LZP, Panis C. Glyphosate as a Food Contaminant: Main Sources, Detection Levels, and Implications for Human and Public Health. Foods 2024; 13:1697. [PMID: 38890925 PMCID: PMC11171990 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum pesticide that has become the most widely used herbicide globally. However, concerns have risen regarding its potential health impacts due to food contamination. Studies have detected glyphosate in human blood and urine samples, indicating human exposure and its persistence in the organism. A growing body of literature has reported the health risks concerning glyphosate exposure, suggesting that the daily intake of contaminated food and water poses a public health concern. Furthermore, countries with high glyphosate usage and lenient regulations regarding food and water contamination may face more severe consequences. In this context, in this review, we examined the literature regarding food contamination by glyphosate, discussed its detection methods, and highlighted its risks to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Coradi
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Natália Prudêncio Viana
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Tatiane Renata Fagundes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes 86360-000, Brazil;
| | - Pâmela Lonardoni Micheletti
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Shaiane Carla Gaboardi
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Blumenau 89070-270, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fadel
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Proteômica do Sangue, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IQ-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (B.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciana Pizzatti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Proteômica do Sangue, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IQ-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (B.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciano Zanetti Pessoa Candiotto
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| | - Carolina Panis
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão 85605-010, Brazil; (C.C.); (N.P.V.); (P.L.M.); (S.C.G.); (L.Z.P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sánchez RM, Bermeo Losada JF, Marín Martínez JA. The research landscape concerning environmental factors in neurodevelopmental disorders: Endocrine disrupters and pesticides-A review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 73:101132. [PMID: 38561126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental epidemiology and toxicology have seen a growing interest in the environmental factors that contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, with the purpose of establishing appropriate prevention strategies. A literature review was performed, and 192 articles covering the topic of endocrine disruptors and neurodevelopmental disorders were found, focusing on polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, bisphenol A, and pesticides. This study contributes to analyzing their effect on the molecular mechanism in maternal and infant thyroid function, essential for infant neurodevelopment, and whose alteration has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. The results provide scientific evidence of the association that exists between the environmental neurotoxins and various neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, other possible molecular mechanisms by which pesticides and endocrine disruptors may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are being discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Mira Sánchez
- Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Medioambientales y Neurodesarrollo ICMYN, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nacano BRM, Convento MB, de Oliveira AS, Castino R, Castino B, Razvickas CV, Bondan E, Borges FT. Effects of glyphosate herbicide ingestion on kidney function in rats on a balanced diet. J Bras Nefrol 2024; 46:e20230043. [PMID: 38039493 PMCID: PMC11210533 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2023-0043en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and in Brazil. There is currently increasing concern about the effects of glyphosate on human health. The Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection showed data on the presence of glyphosate in some of Brazil's most consumed ultra-processed products. Currently, regulations on the upper limit for these residues in ultra-processed foods have yet to be established by the National Health Surveillance, and ultra-processed food consumption is independently associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease. METHODS Since an unbalanced diet can interfere with kidney function, this study aims to investigate the effect of daily intake of 5 mg/kg bw glyphosate in conjunction with a balanced diet and the possible impact on renal function in rats. Kidney function, kidney weight, markers of renal injury, and oxidative stress were evaluated. RESULTS There was a decrease in kidney weight. The main histopathological alterations in renal tissues were vacuolation in the initial stage and upregulation of the kidney injury marker KIM-1. Renal injury is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. CONCLUSION This study showed changes in the kidney of rats exposed to a balanced diet with glyphosate, suggesting a potential risk to human kidney. Presumably, ultra-processed food that contain glyphosate can potentiate this risk. The relevance of these results lies in drawing attention to the need to regulate glyphosate concentration in ultra-processed foods in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Reis Moreira Nacano
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafaela Castino
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Castino
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Bondan
- Universidade Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Federal São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaur R, Choudhary D, Bali S, Bandral SS, Singh V, Ahmad MA, Rani N, Singh TG, Chandrasekaran B. Pesticides: An alarming detrimental to health and environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170113. [PMID: 38232846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical substances of natural or synthetic origin that are used to eradicate pests and insects. These are indispensable in the agricultural processes for better crop production. Pesticide use aims to promote crop yield and protect the crops from diseases and damage. Pesticides must be handled carefully and disposed of appropriately because they are dangerous to people and other species by default. Environmental pollution occurs when pesticide contamination spreads away from the intended plants. Older pesticides such as lindane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) may remain in water and soil for a longer time. These accumulate in various parts of the food chain and cause damage to the ecosystem. Biological techniques in the management of pest control such as importation, augmentation, and conservation, and the accompanying procedures are more efficient, less expensive, and ecologically sound than other ways. This review mainly focuses on the consequences on the targeted and non-targeted organisms including the health and well-being of humans by the use of pesticides and their toxicity. The side effects that occur when a pesticide's LD50 exceeds the accepted limit through oral or skin penetration due to their binding to various receptors such as estrogen receptors, GABA, EGFR, and others. These pesticide classes include carbamates, pyrethroids, organochlorides, organophosphorus, and others. The current study seeks to highlight the urgent requirement for a novel agricultural concept that includes a major reduction in the use of chemical pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Samriddhi Bali
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | | | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Md Altamash Ahmad
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Nidhi Rani
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hembach N, Drechsel V, Sobol M, Kaster AK, Köhler HR, Triebskorn R, Schwartz T. Effect of glyphosate, its metabolite AMPA, and the glyphosate formulation Roundup ® on brown trout ( Salmo trutta f. fario) gut microbiome diversity. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1271983. [PMID: 38298542 PMCID: PMC10829098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1271983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is used worldwide as a compound of pesticides and is detectable in many environmental compartments. It enters water bodies primarily through drift from agricultural areas so that aquatic organisms are exposed to this chemical, especially after rain events. Glyphosate is advertised and sold as a highly specific herbicide, which interacts with the EPSP synthase, an enzyme of the shikimate metabolism, resulting in inhibition of the synthesis of vital aromatic amino acids. However, not only plants but also bacteria can possess this enzyme so that influences of glyphosate on the microbiomes of exposed organisms cannot be excluded. Those influences may result in subtle and long-term effects, e.g., disturbance of the symbiotic interactions of bionts with microorganisms of their microbiomes. Mechanisms how the transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) of glyphosate might interfere in this context have not understood so far. In the present study, molecular biological fingerprinting methods showed concentration-dependent effects of glyphosate and AMPA on fish microbiomes. In addition, age-dependent differences in the composition of the microbiomes regarding abundance and diversity were detected. Furthermore, the effect of exposure to glyphosate and AMPA was investigated for several fish pathogens of gut microbiomes in terms of their gene expression of virulence factors associated with pathogenicity. In vitro transcriptome analysis with the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri revealed that it is questionable whether the observed effect on the microbiome is caused by the intended mode of action of glyphosate, such as the inhibition of EPSP synthase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Hembach
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V. Drechsel
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Sobol
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A.-K. Kaster
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H.-R. Köhler
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - R. Triebskorn
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T. Schwartz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hsiao YC, Johnson G, Yang Y, Liu CW, Feng J, Zhao H, Moy SS, Harper KM, Lu K. Evaluation of neurological behavior alterations and metabolic changes in mice under chronic glyphosate exposure. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:277-288. [PMID: 37922104 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used active ingredient in agricultural herbicides, inhibiting the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants by targeting their shikimate pathway. Our gut microbiota also facilitates the shikimate pathway, making it a vulnerable target when encountering glyphosate. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may impair the gut-brain axis, bringing neurological outcomes. To evaluate the neurotoxicity and biochemical changes attributed to glyphosate, we exposed mice with the reference dose (RfD) set by the U.S. EPA (1.75 mg/Kg-BW/day) and its hundred-time-equivalence (175 mg/Kg-BW/day) chronically via drinking water, then compared a series of neurobehaviors and their fecal/serum metabolomic profile against the non-exposed vehicles (n = 10/dosing group). There was little alteration in the neurobehavior, including motor activities, social approach, and conditioned fear, under glyphosate exposure. Metabolomic differences attributed to glyphosate were observed in the feces, corresponding to 68 and 29 identified metabolites with dysregulation in the higher and lower dose groups, respectively, compared to the vehicle-control. There were less alterations observed in the serum metabolome. Under 175 mg/Kg-BW/day of glyphosate exposure, the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) were reduced in the feces but not in the serum of mice. We further focused on how tryptophan metabolism was dysregulated based on the pathway analysis, and identified the indole-derivatives were more altered compared to the serotonin and kynurenine derivatives. Together, we obtained a three-dimensional data set that records neurobehavioral, fecal metabolic, and serum biomolecular dynamics caused by glyphosate exposure at two different doses. Our data showed that even under the high dose of glyphosate irrelevant to human exposure, there were little evidence that supported the impairment of the gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gregory Johnson
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Haoduo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn M Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fathi MA, Dan S, Abdelsalam AM, Chunmei L. Involvement of glyphosate in disruption of biotransformation P450 enzymes and hepatic lipid metabolism in chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4957-4967. [PMID: 37210632 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2214601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the potentially harmful consequences of pure glyphosate or Roundup® on CYP family members and lipid metabolism in newly hatched chicks. On the sixth day, 225 fertilized eggs were randomly divided into three treatments: (1) the control group injected with deionized water, (2) the glyphosate group injected with 10 mg pure glyphosate/Kg egg mass and (3) the Roundup group injected 10 mg the active ingredient glyphosate in Roundup®/Kg egg. The results of the study revealed a reduction in hatchability in chicks treated with Roundup®. Moreover, change of Lipid concentration in serum and the liver-treated groups. Additionally, increased liver function enzymes and increased oxidative stress in the glyphosate and Roundup® groups. Furthermore, liver tissues showed histological changes and several lipid deposits in glyphosate-treated groups. Hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP1A4 expressions were significantly increased (p < .05) after glyphosate exposure, and suppression of CYP1C1 mRNA expression was significant (p < .05) after Roundup® exposure. The pro-inflammatory cytokines genes IFN-γ and IL-1β expression were significantly increased (p < .05) after Roundup® exposure. In addition, there were significant differences in the levels of expression genes which are related to lipid synthesis or catabolism in the liver. In conclusion, in ovo glyphosate exposure caused disruption of biotransformation, pro-inflammatory and lipid metabolism in chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Fathi
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Agricultural Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shen Dan
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | | | - Li Chunmei
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mohy-Ud-Din W, Bashir S, Akhtar MJ, Asghar HMN, Ghafoor U, Hussain MM, Niazi NK, Chen F, Ali Q. Glyphosate in the environment: interactions and fate in complex soil and water settings, and (phyto) remediation strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:816-837. [PMID: 37994831 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2282720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Gly) and its formulations are broad-spectrum herbicides globally used for pre- and post-emergent weed control. Glyphosate has been applied to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Critics have claimed that Gly-treated plants have altered mineral nutrition and increased susceptibility to plant pathogens because of Gly ability to chelate divalent metal cations. Still, the complete resistance of Gly indicates that chelation of metal cations does not play a role in herbicidal efficacy or have a substantial impact on mineral nutrition. Due to its extensive and inadequate use, this herbicide has been frequently detected in soil (2 mg kg-1, European Union) and in stream water (328 µg L-1, USA), mostly in surface (7.6 µg L-1, USA) and groundwater (2.5 µg L-1, Denmark). International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) already classified Gly as a category 2 A carcinogen in 2016. Therefore, it is necessary to find the best degradation techniques to remediate soil and aquatic environments polluted with Gly. This review elucidates the effects of Gly on humans, soil microbiota, plants, algae, and water. This review develops deeper insight toward the advances in Gly biodegradation using microbial communities. This review provides a thorough understanding of Gly interaction with mineral elements and its limitations by interfering with the plants biochemical and morphological attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, D. G. Khan Pakistan
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of MD Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, D. G. Khan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed Akhtar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Umber Ghafoor
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan
| | | | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of MD Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Izumi Y, O'Dell KA, Zorumski CF. The herbicide glyphosate inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning through activation of pro-inflammatory signaling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18005. [PMID: 37865669 PMCID: PMC10590375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, a herbicide marketed as Roundup, is widely used but there are concerns this exposure could impair cognitive function. In the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, we investigated whether glyphosate alters synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. Our hypothesis is that glyphosate alters neuronal function and impairs LTP induction via activation of pro-inflammatory processes. Roundup depressed excitatory synaptic potentials(EPSPs) in a dose-dependent manner with complete suppression at 2000 mg/L. At concentrations ≤ 20 mg/L Roundup did not affect basal transmission, but 4 mg/L Roundup administered for 30 min inhibited LTP induction. Acute administration of 10-100 μM glyphosate also inhibited LTP induction. Minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, and TAK-242, an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), both overcame the inhibitory effects of 100 µM glyphosate. Similarly, lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), a different TLR4 antagonist, overcame the inhibitory effects. In addition, ISRIB (integrated stress response inhibitor) and quercetin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress, overcame the inhibitory effects. We also observed that in vivo glyphosate injection (16.9 mg/kg i.p.) impaired one-trial inhibitory avoidance learning. This learning deficit was overcome by TAK-242. These observations indicate that glyphosate can impair cognitive function through pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Kazuko A O'Dell
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Westmark CJ. Toward an understanding of the role of the exposome on fragile X phenotypes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 173:141-170. [PMID: 37993176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading known monogenetic cause of autism with an estimated 21-50% of FXS individuals meeting autism diagnostic criteria. A critical gap in medical care for persons with autism is an understanding of how environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions affect disease outcomes. Our research indicates more severe neurological and metabolic outcomes (seizures, autism, increased body weight) in mouse and human models of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as a function of diet. Thus, early-life exposure to chemicals in the diet could cause or exacerbate disease outcomes. Herein, we review the effects of potential dietary toxins, i.e., soy phytoestrogens, glyphosate, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in FXS and other autism models. The rationale is that potentially toxic chemicals in the diet, particularly infant formula, could contribute to the development and/or severity of ASD and that further study in this area has potential to improve ASD outcomes through dietary modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Westmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Room 3619, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, United States; Molecular Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Room 3619, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Villatoro-Castañeda M, Forsburg ZR, Ortiz W, Fritts SR, Gabor CR, Carlos-Shanley C. Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in Rana berlandieri Tadpoles. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1171. [PMID: 37759571 PMCID: PMC10525943 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is important for digestion, host fitness, and defense against pathogens, which provides a tool for host health assessment. Amphibians and their microbiomes are highly susceptible to pollutants including antibiotics. We explored the role of an unmanipulated gut microbiome on tadpole fitness and phenotype by comparing tadpoles of Rana berlandieri in a control group (1) with tadpoles exposed to: (2) Roundup® (glyphosate active ingredient), (3) antibiotic cocktail (enrofloxacin, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and penicillin), and (4) a combination of Roundup and antibiotics. Tadpoles in the antibiotic and combination treatments had the smallest dorsal body area and were the least active compared to control and Roundup-exposed tadpoles, which were less active than control tadpoles. The gut microbial community significantly changed across treatments at the alpha, beta, and core bacterial levels. However, we did not find significant differences between the antibiotic- and combination-exposed tadpoles, suggesting that antibiotic alone was enough to suppress growth, change behavior, and alter the gut microbiome composition. Here, we demonstrate that the gut microbial communities of tadpoles are sensitive to environmental pollutants, namely Roundup and antibiotics, which may have consequences for host phenotype and fitness via altered behavior and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Villatoro-Castañeda
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Zachery R. Forsburg
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
- Archbold Biological Station, 123 Main Dr., Venus, FL 33960, USA
| | - Whitney Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Sarah R. Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Caitlin R. Gabor
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Camila Carlos-Shanley
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Basarslan SK, Basarslan F. Intralipid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester reverse the neurotoxic effects of organophosphate poisoning in rats. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:686-693. [PMID: 37470640 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_921_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Organophosphate (Op)-containing herbicides continue to be widely used in the world. Although its usage and intoxication are widespread, the studies on organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity and treatment protocols are very few in the literature. Aims This study aimed to investigate any potential effects of caffeic acid phenyl ester with/without intralipid on neurotoxicity produced by acute intoxication of glyphosate isopropylamine in an experimental rat model. Materials And Methods Forty-nine wistar albino rats were randomly allotted into seven experimental groups: I, control; II, intralipid (IL); III, caffeic acid phenyl esther (CAPE); IV, glyphosate isopropylamine (GI); V, GI + IL; VI, GI + CAPE; and VII, GI + IL + CAPE. Total antioxidant and oxidant status levels were gauged, and the oxidative stress index was calculated in the serum samples. On the other hand, the tissues were analyzed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining protocol and counted up by immunohistochemical method. Statistical evaluations were conducted using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results Compared to the control, IL, and GI + IL + CAPE groups, the GI group significantly decreased the total antioxidant levels in brain tissues. In a supportive nature, a significant increase in the oxidative site index (OSI) in the GI group compared to other groups. Especially standing out point of these findings is the significant difference between the GI + IL + CAPE and the GI group. Parallelly, histopathological analysis extended severe neurotoxicity in the GI group. Neurotoxic status was reduced significantly in the GI + CAPE + IL group. The histopathologic examinations confirmed biochemical results. The results also revealed that CAPE and IL, probably their antioxidant effects, have a rehabilitative effect on neurotoxicity caused by GI. Conclusion Therefore, CAPE and IL may function as potential cleansing and scavenger agents for supportive therapy regarding tissue damage or facilitate the therapeutic effects of the routine treatment of the patient with GI poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Basarslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hitit University, School of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| | - F Basarslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hitit University, School of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jayaraman S, Krishnamoorthy K, Prasad M, Veeraraghvan VP, Krishnamoorthy R, Alshuniaber MA, Gatasheh MK, Elrobh M. Glyphosate potentiates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through the modulation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt mediated mechanisms: An in vivo and in silico analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124917. [PMID: 37207753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides have been linked to a higher risk of developing diabetes. Certain herbicides also operate as environmental toxins. Glyphosate is a popular and extremely effective herbicide for weed control in grain crops that inhibits the shikimate pathway. It has been shown to negatively influence endocrine function. Few studies have demonstrated that glyphosate exposure results in hyperglycemic and insulin resistance; but the molecular mechanism underlying the diabetogenic potential of glyphosate on skeletal muscle, a primary organ that includes insulin-mediated glucose disposal, is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of glyphosate on the detrimental changes in the insulin metabolic signaling in the gastrocnemius muscle. In vivo results showed that glyphosate exposure caused hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver function, kidney function profile, and oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent fashion. Conversely, hemoglobin and antioxidant enzymes were significantly reduced in glyphosate-induced animals indicating its toxicity is linked to induce insulin resistance. The histopathology of the gastrocnemius muscle and RT-PCR analysis of insulin signaling molecules revealed glyphosate-induced alteration in the expression of IR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, β-arrestin-2, and GLUT4 mRNA. Lastly, molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed that glyphosate showed a high binding affinity with target molecules such as Akt, IRS-1, c-Src, β-arrestin-2, PI3K, and GLUT4. The current work provides experimental proof that glyphosate exposure has a deleterious effect on the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which in turn causes the skeletal muscle to become insulin resistant and eventually develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Kalaiselvi Krishnamoorthy
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Monisha Prasad
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghvan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Alshuniaber
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Elrobh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Izumi Y, O'Dell KA, Zorumski CF. The herbicide glyphosate inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning through activation of pro-inflammatory signaling. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2883114. [PMID: 37214918 PMCID: PMC10197752 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2883114/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Glyphosate, a herbicide marketed under the trade name Roundup, is now widely used, in part because genetically modified organism plants that are resistant to this agent have been developed. Environmental or dietary exposure to glyphosate is omnipresent and there are concerns this exposure could impair cognitive function in addition to carcinogenicity. Methods Using hippocampal slices from juvenile male rats, we investigated whether glyphosate alters synaptic transmission and induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory. Our hypothesis is that glyphosate alters neuronal function and impairs LTP induction via activation of pro-inflammatory processes, because increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation have been reported following glyphosate exposure. LTP was induced by delivery of 100 Hz x 1 sec high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the Schaffer collateral pathway and excitatory synaptic potentials (EPSPs) were monitored 60 min after HFS. Resulsts We first tested effects of Roundup on basal synaptic function and LTP induction. Roundup depressed EPSPs in a dose-dependent manner. Basal synaptic transmission was completely suppressed by 2000 ppm. At concentrations ≤ 20 ppm Roundup did not affect basal transmission, but 4 ppm Roundup administered 30 min before HFS inhibited LTP induction. We also observed that acute administration of 10-100 μM glyphosate inhibits LTP induction. Minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, and TAK-242, an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), both overcame the inhibitory effects of 100M glyphosate. Similarly, lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS) overcame the inhibitory effects. In addition, ISRIB (integrated stress response inhibitor) and quercetin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress, allowed LTP induction in the presence of glyphosate. We also observed that in vivo glyphosate injection (16.9 mg/kg i.p.) impaired one-trial inhibitory avoidance learning. This learning deficit was overcome by TAK-242. Conclusion While Roundup inhibits LTP induction, these observations indicate that glyphosate alone, the major ingredient of Roundup, can impair cognitive function through pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia. Manipulation of pro-inflammatory signaling could be a useful strategy to prevent cognitive impairment after exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH).
Collapse
|
22
|
Obeid G, Moraes GO, Penna TC, Schenberg LA, Ducati LC, Correra TC. Solvation effects on glyphosate protonation and deprotonation states evaluated by mass spectrometry and explicit solvation simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054306. [PMID: 36754805 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide, and its protonation and deprotonation sites are fundamental to understanding its properties. In this work, the sodiated, protonated, and deprotonated glyphosate were evaluated in the gas phase by infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy to determine the exact nature of these coordination, protonation, and deprotonation states in the gas phase. In this context, Natural Bond Orbital analyses were carried out to unravel interactions that govern glyphosate (de)protonation states in the gas phase. The solvent effect on the protonation/deprotonation equilibria was also investigated by implicit (Solvation Model Based on Density and polarizable continuum models) and explicit solvation models (Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations). These results show that glyphosate is protonated in the phosphonate group in the gas phase because of the strong hydrogen bond between the carboxylic oxygen (O7) and the protonated phosphonate group (O8-H19), while the most stable species in water is protonated at the amino group because of the preferential interaction of the NH2 + group and the solvent water molecules. Similarly, deprotonated glyphosate [Glyp-H]- was shown to be deprotonated at the phosphonate group in the gas phase but not in solution, also because of the preferential solvation of the NH2 + group present in the other deprotomers. Therefore, these results show that the stabilization of the protonated amino group by the solvent molecules is the governing factor of the (de)protonation equilibrium of glyphosate in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Obeid
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo O Moraes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Penna
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Schenberg
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Ducati
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Correra
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry-University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The role of surface activity on the amyloid fibrillation pathway of bovine serum albumin upon interaction with glyphosate. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1166-1177. [PMID: 36427623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As an active ingredient in its derivative products, glyphosate has emerged as the most widespread herbicide in recent decades. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein may be adversely affected by structural changes due to binding affinity with glyphosate, which may lead to dysfunctionality or metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of glyphosate with BSA and its thermal fibrillation pathway employing techniques such as dynamic surface tension, fluorescence quenching, ThT binding, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, as well as molecular dynamics (MD) studies. The adsorption dynamic analysis suggested hydrophobic moiety at higher concentrations of glyphosate upon interaction with BSA. MD results suggested a slight fluctuation due to glyphosate interaction with protein molecules. The carboxy group presented in glyphosate made a hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group of TYR147. The fluorescence quenching and diffusion studies approved BSA's increased unfolding and hydrophobicity resulting from glyphosate interaction, which would induce fibrillation/aggregation, according to our fibrillation kinetics data. The surface activity of glyphosate at higher concentrations and its approved involvement in structural changes of BSA through hydrogen bonding may raise concerns about its potential side effect on farm animals and the food cycle.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zambrano-Intriago LA, Amorim CG, Araújo AN, Gritsok D, Rodríguez-Díaz JM, Montenegro MCBSM. Development of an inexpensive and rapidly preparable enzymatic pencil graphite biosensor for monitoring of glyphosate in waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158865. [PMID: 36165910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used non-selective broad-spectrum herbicide worldwide under well-reported side effects on the environment and human health. That's why it's necessary to control its presence in the environment. This work describes the development of an affordable, simple, and accurate electrochemical biosensor using a pencil graphite electrode as support, a horseradish peroxidase enzyme immobilized on a polysulfone membrane doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The developed electrochemical sensor was used in the determination of GLY in river and drinking water samples. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used as electrochemical detection techniques for the characterization and analytical application of the developed biosensor. The working mechanism of the biosensor is based on the inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme by GLY. Under optimal experimental conditions, the biosensor showed a linear response in the concentration range of 0.1 to 10 mg L-1. The limits of detection and quantification are 0.025 ± 0.002 and 0.084 ± 0.007 mg L-1, respectively, which covers the maximum residual limit established by the EPA for drinking water (0.7 mg L-1). The proposed biosensor demonstrated high reproducibility, excellent analytical performance, repeatability, and accuracy. The sensor proved to be selective against other pesticides, organic acids, and inorganic salts. Application on real samples showed recovery rates ranging between 98.18 ± 0.11 % and 97.32 ± 0.23 %. The analytical features of the proposed biosensor make it an effective and useful tool for the detection of GLY for environmental analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Zambrano-Intriago
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Célia G Amorim
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alberto N Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dmitrij Gritsok
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador; Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador.
| | - Maria C B S M Montenegro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kulcsarova K, Bang C, Berg D, Schaeffer E. Pesticides and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Convergent Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:1079-1106. [PMID: 37927277 PMCID: PMC10657696 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing global burden of Parkinson's disease (PD), termed the PD pandemic, is exceeding expectations related purely to population aging and is likely driven in part by lifestyle changes and environmental factors. Pesticides are well recognized risk factors for PD, supported by both epidemiological and experimental evidence, with multiple detrimental effects beyond dopaminergic neuron damage alone. The microbiome-gut-brain axis has gained much attention in recent years and is considered to be a significant contributor and driver of PD pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we first focus on how both pesticides and the microbiome may influence PD initiation and progression independently, describing pesticide-related central and peripheral neurotoxicity and microbiome-related local and systemic effects due to dysbiosis and microbial metabolites. We then depict the bidirectional interplay between pesticides and the microbiome in the context of PD, synthesizing current knowledge about pesticide-induced dysbiosis, microbiome-mediated alterations in pesticide availability, metabolism and toxicity, and complex systemic pesticide-microbiome-host interactions related to inflammatory and metabolic pathways, insulin resistance and other mechanisms. An overview of the unknowns follows, and the role of pesticide-microbiome interactions in the proposed body-/brain-first phenotypes of PD, the complexity of environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions is discussed. The final part deals with possible further steps for translation, consisting of recommendations on future pesticide use and research as well as an outline of promising preventive/therapeutic approaches targeted on strengthening or restoring a healthy gut microbiome, closing with a summary of current gaps and future perspectives in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kulcsarova
- Department of Neurology, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Neurology, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Scientific Park MEDIPARK, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Antioxidant Enzyme and Cytochrome P450 Activities Are Involved in Horseweed (Conyza Sumatrensis) Resistance to Glyphosate. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The intensive global use of glyphosate has led to the evolution of glyphosate resistant (GR) weed species, including the economically damaging horseweed (Conyza sumatrensis). We evaluated the glyphosate resistance mechanisms of C. sumatrensis. While 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase activity was similar between the glyphosate resistant (GR) and nonresistant biotypes, plants from the GR population accumulated lower shikimate levels than susceptible ones, suggesting the absence of target-site resistance mechanisms. Decreases over time in glyphosate concentrations in GR leaves were not accompanied by increases in glyphosate concentrations in their stem and roots, indicating lower glyphosate distribution rates in GR plants. The early appearance of aminomethylphosphonic acid (the main glyphosate metabolite) in leaves, as well as its presence only in the stems and roots of GR plants, suggests faster glyphosate metabolism in GR plants than in susceptible ones. GR plants treated with glyphosate also showed greater antioxidant (ascorbate peroxidase [APX] and catalase [CAT]) and cytochrome P450-enzyme activities, indicating their great capacity to avoid glyphosate-induced oxidative stress. Three non-target mechanisms (reduced glyphosate translocation, increased metabolism, and increased antioxidant activity) therefore confer glyphosate resistance in C. sumatrensis plants. This is the first time that APX, CAT and P450-enzyme activities are related to GR in C. sumatrensis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Vráblová M, Smutná K, Koutník I, Prostějovský T, Žebrák R. Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Sensor for Detection of Photolytically and Photocatalytically Degraded Glyphosate. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9217. [PMID: 36501920 PMCID: PMC9738441 DOI: 10.3390/s22239217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used pesticides, which, together with its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid, remains present in the environment. Many technologies have been developed to reduce glyphosate amounts in water. Among them, heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide as a commonly used photocatalyst achieves high removal efficiency. Nevertheless, glyphosate is often converted to organic intermediates during its degradation. The detection of degraded glyphosate and emerging products is, therefore, an important element of research in terms of disposal methods. Attention is being paid to new sensors enabling the fast detection of glyphosate and its degradation products, which would allow the monitoring of its removal process in real time. The surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) method is a promising technique for sensing emerging pollutants in water. The aim of this work was to design, create, and test an SPRi biosensor suitable for the detection of glyphosate during photolytic and photocatalytic experiments focused on its degradation. Cytochrome P450 and TiO2 were selected as the detection molecules. We developed a sensor for the detection of the target molecules with a low molecular weight for monitoring the process of glyphosate degradation, which could be applied in a flow-through arrangement and thus detect changes taking place in real-time. We believe that SPRi sensing could be widely used in the study of xenobiotic removal from surface water or wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vráblová
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Smutná
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Koutník
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Prostějovský
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Žebrák
- Dekonta Inc., Dřetovice 109, 273 42 Stehelčeves, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hottes E, da Silva CO, Bauerfeldt GF, Castro RN, de Lima JHC, Camargo LP, Dall'Antonia LH, Herbst MH. Efficient removal of glyphosate from aqueous solutions by adsorption on Mg-Al-layered double oxides: thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83698-83710. [PMID: 35771329 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Up to 90% of glyphosate was removed in 40 min by a 2:1 Mg2Al-layered double oxide (LDO) at pH 10, and the adsorption kinetics fitted a pseudo-second-order law. The adsorption isotherms were type L, and the Langmuir model best fitted the experimental data, with qmax of 158.22 μg/mg at 25 °C. The intraparticle diffusion model suggested that the adsorption process is dependent on the thickness and formation of the film at the solution/solid interface. The XRD results excluded the intercalation of glyphosate anions, and FTIR along with solid-state 13C and 31P MAS NMR confirmed that the glyphosate anions interact through the carboxylate and/or phosphonate moieties, both in end-on and side-on modes to the LDO surface. Glyphosate removal was also investigated in the presence of different anionic species, and simultaneous adsorption showed that carbonate and phosphate ions strongly influence glyphosate removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanoel Hottes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosane Nora Castro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luan Pereira Camargo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Hawrylak Herbst
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Síntese Inorgânica e Materiais, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, UFRRJ, BR465 km7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Does the Gut Microbial Metabolome Really Matter? The Connection between GUT Metabolome and Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193967. [PMID: 36235622 PMCID: PMC9571089 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we gathered updated knowledge regarding the alterations of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and its correlation with human neurodegenerative and brain-related diseases, e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This review underlines the importance of gut-derived metabolites and gut metabolic status as the main players in gut-brain crosstalk and their implications on the severity of neural conditions. Scientific evidence indicates that the administration of probiotic bacteria exerts beneficial and protective effects as reduced systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, and inhibited neurodegeneration. The experimental results performed on animals, but also human clinical trials, show the importance of designing a novel microbiota-based probiotic dietary supplementation with the aim to prevent or ease the symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases or other forms of dementia or neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
30
|
Fréville M, Estienne A, Ramé C, Lefort G, Chahnamian M, Staub C, Venturi E, Lemarchand J, Maximin E, Hondelatte A, Zemb O, Canlet C, Guabiraba R, Froment P, Dupont J. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide results in total or partial reversibility of plasma oxidative stress, cecal microbiota abundance and short-chain fatty acid composition in broiler hens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:974688. [PMID: 36171975 PMCID: PMC9511142 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.974688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are massively used in agriculture. However, few studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on avian species although they are largely exposed via their food. Here, we investigated the potential reversibility of the effects of chronic dietary exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in broiler hens. For 42 days, we exposed 32-week-old hens to glyphosate-based herbicides via their food (47 mg/kg/day glyphosate equivalent, glyphosate-based herbicides, n = 75) corresponding to half glyphosate’s no-observed-adverse-effect-level in birds. We compared their performance to that of 75 control animals (CT). Both groups (glyphosate-based herbicides and control animals) were then fed for 28 additional days without glyphosate-based herbicides exposure (Ex-glyphosate-based herbicides and Ex-control animals). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily increased the plasma glyphosate and AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) concentrations. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid mostly accumulated in the liver and to a lesser extent in the leg muscle and abdominal adipose tissue. Glyphosate-based herbicides also temporarily increased the gizzard weight and plasma oxidative stress monitored by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily decreased the cecal concentrations of propionate, isobutyrate and propionate but acetate and valerate were durably reduced. The cecal microbiome was also durably affected since glyphosate-based herbicides inhibited Barnesiella and favored Alloprevotella. Body weight, fattening, food intake and feeding behavior as well as plasma lipid and uric acid were unaffected by glyphosate-based herbicides. Taken together, our results show possible disturbances of the cecal microbiota associated with plasma oxidative stress and accumulation of glyphosate in metabolic tissues in response to dietary glyphosate-based herbicides exposure in broiler hens. Luckily, glyphosate-based herbicides at this concentration does not hamper growth and most of the effects on the phenotypes are reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fréville
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gaëlle Lefort
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale Pôle D’expérimentation Avicole de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christophe Staub
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L’Orfrasière (UEPAO), Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Venturi
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L’Orfrasière (UEPAO), Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Lemarchand
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elise Maximin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alice Hondelatte
- INRAE-—Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (EASM), Surgères, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascal Froment
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Dupont,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Johnson ZT, Jared N, Peterson JK, Li J, Smith EA, Walper SA, Hooe SL, Breger JC, Medintz IL, Gomes C, Claussen JC. Enzymatic Laser-Induced Graphene Biosensor for Electrochemical Sensing of the Herbicide Glyphosate. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2200057. [PMID: 36176938 PMCID: PMC9463521 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a globally applied herbicide yet it has been relatively undetectable in-field samples outside of gold-standard techniques. Its presumed nontoxicity toward humans has been contested by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, while it has been detected in farmers' urine, surface waters and crop residues. Rapid, on-site detection of glyphosate is hindered by lack of field-deployable and easy-to-use sensors that circumvent sample transportation to limited laboratories that possess the equipment needed for detection. Herein, the flavoenzyme, glycine oxidase, immobilized on platinum-decorated laser-induced graphene (LIG) is used for selective detection of glyphosate as it is a substrate for GlyOx. The LIG platform provides a scaffold for enzyme attachment while maintaining the electronic and surface properties of graphene. The sensor exhibits a linear range of 10-260 µ m, detection limit of 3.03 µ m, and sensitivity of 0.991 nA µ m -1. The sensor shows minimal interference from the commonly used herbicides and insecticides: atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dicamba, parathion-methyl, paraoxon-methyl, malathion, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid. Sensor function is further tested in complex river water and crop residue fluids, which validate this platform as a scalable, direct-write, and selective method of glyphosate detection for herbicide mapping and food analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Jared
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - John K. Peterson
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Jingzhe Li
- Department of ChemistryIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- The Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of EnergyAmesIA50011USA
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Department of ChemistryIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- The Ames LaboratoryU.S. Department of EnergyAmesIA50011USA
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington, D.C20375USA
| | - Shelby L. Hooe
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington, D.C20375USA
- National Research CouncilWashington, DC20001USA
| | - Joyce C. Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington, D.C20375USA
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashington, D.C20375USA
| | - Carmen Gomes
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ngatuni D, Wairagu P, Jillani N, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. A glyphosate-based herbicide disrupted hematopoiesis and induced organ toxicities, ameliorated by vitamin B12 in a mouse model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103278. [PMID: 35401022 PMCID: PMC8987997 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are widely used worldwide. Their negative impact on human health is a matter of debate by regulatory bodies and the public. The present study sought to determine the impact of a GBH on the vital organs; and the potential protective effects of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) supplementation. Sixty white Swiss mice were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each containing twelve mice. Group one represented the normal control; Group two mice were treated with 375 mg/kg of GBH for 56 days; Group three mice received 10 mg/kg of cyanocobalamin for 56 days; Group four mice were administered with 375 mg/kg of GBH and 10 mg/kg cyanocobalamin for 56 days and Group five received 10 mg/kg cyanocobalamin first for 7 days, then continued thereafter co-administered together with 375 mg/kg of GBH for 56 days). Oral administration of GBH induced severe anemia in mice, which was attenuated by cyanocobalamin. Moreover, GBH resulted in a very significant alteration of platelets, WBCs, and its sub-types. Once again, cyanocobalamin stabilized the levels of platelets and WBCs in the presence of GBH. GBH-induced elevation of triglycerides and HDL was nullified by the administration of cyanocobalamin. Further studies showed evidence for GBH-induced inflammation represented by an imbalance in serum levels of the TNF-α: IL-10 and IFN-γ ratios. The GBH severely depleted GSH levels in the liver. A GBH-induced rise in GSH in the kidney, lungs and brain was noted; and is an indicator of antioxidant capacity enhancement in response to a GBH-induced oxidant challenge. Moreover, cyanocobalamin supplementation abrogated GBH-induced oxidative stress as depicted by stabilized GSH levels in the liver, kidney, lungs, and brain. In the presence of cyanocobalamin, the GBH-induced liver injury depicted by elevation of AST, ALT, and bilirubin, was attenuated. From the results, we conclude that the capacity of cyanocobalamin to assuage GBH-induced inflammatory responses, hepatotoxicity, and hematological alteration as well as oxidative stress may be attributable to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current findings provide a solid foundation for further scrutiny of this phenomenon, with vital implications in GBH exposure and the role of potent antioxidant supplementation in the management of GBH-induced toxicity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mesnage R, Bowyer RCE, El Balkhi S, Saint-Marcoux F, Gardere A, Ducarmon QR, Geelen AR, Zwittink RD, Tsoukalas D, Sarandi E, Paramera EI, Spector T, Steves CJ, Antoniou MN. Impacts of dietary exposure to pesticides on faecal microbiome metabolism in adult twins. Environ Health 2022; 21:46. [PMID: 35501856 PMCID: PMC9063241 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary habits have a profound influence on the metabolic activity of gut microorganisms and their influence on health. Concerns have been raised as to whether the consumption of foodstuffs contaminated with pesticides can contribute to the development of chronic disease by affecting the gut microbiome. We performed the first pesticide biomonitoring survey of the British population, and subsequently used the results to perform the first pesticide association study on gut microbiome composition and function from the TwinsUK registry. METHODS Dietary exposure of 186 common insecticide, herbicide, or fungicide residues and the faecal microbiome in 65 twin pairs in the UK was investigated. We evaluated if dietary habits, geographic location, or the rural/urban environment, are associated with the excretion of pesticide residues. The composition and metabolic activity of faecal microbiota was evaluated using shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics respectively. We performed a targeted urine metabolomics analysis in order to evaluate whether pesticide urinary excretion was also associated with physiological changes. RESULTS Pyrethroid and/or organophosphorus insecticide residues were found in all urine samples, while the herbicide glyphosate was found in 53% of individuals. Food frequency questionnaires showed that residues from organophosphates were higher with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. A total of 34 associations between pesticide residue concentrations and faecal metabolite concentrations were detected. Glyphosate excretion was positively associated with an overall increased bacterial species richness, as well as to fatty acid metabolites and phosphate levels. The insecticide metabolite Br2CA, reflecting deltamethrin exposure, was positively associated with the phytoestrogens enterodiol and enterolactone, and negatively associated with some N-methyl amino acids. Urine metabolomics performed on a subset of samples did not reveal associations with the excretion of pesticide residues. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of conventionally grown fruit and vegetables leads to higher ingestion of pesticides with unknown long-term health consequences. Our results highlight the need for future dietary intervention studies to understand effects of pesticide exposure on the gut microbiome and possible health consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ruth C E Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Souleiman El Balkhi
- Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, UF Toxicologie analytique environnementale et santé au travail, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Franck Saint-Marcoux
- Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, UF Toxicologie analytique environnementale et santé au travail, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Arnaud Gardere
- Service de pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, UF Toxicologie analytique environnementale et santé au travail, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Quinten Raymond Ducarmon
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anoecim Robecca Geelen
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romy Daniëlle Zwittink
- Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Metabolomic Medicine Clinic, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sarandi
- Metabolomic Medicine Clinic, Health Clinics for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Upamalika SWAM, Wannige CT, Vidanagamachchi SM, Gunasekara SC, Kolli RT, De Silva PMCS, Kulasiri D, Jayasundara N. A review of molecular mechanisms linked to potential renal injury agents in tropical rural farming communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103850. [PMID: 35301132 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a global health concern primarily impacting tropical farming communities. Although the precise etiology is debated, CKDu is associated with environmental exposures including heat stress and chemical contaminants such as fluoride, heavy metals, and herbicide glyphosate. However, a comprehensive synthesis is lacking on molecular networks underpinning renal damage induced by these factors. Addressing this gap, here we present key molecular events associated with heat and chemical exposures. We identified that caspase activation and lipid peroxidation are common endpoints of glyphosate exposure, while vasopressin and polyol pathways are associated with heat stress and dehydration. Heavy metal exposure is shown to induce lipid peroxidation and endoplasmic reticulum stress from ROS activated MAPK, NFĸB, and caspase. Collectively, we identify that environmental exposure induced increased cellular oxidative stress as a common mechanism mediating renal cell inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis, likely contributing to CKDu initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ramya Tulasi Kolli
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, NC 27708, United States.
| | | | - Don Kulasiri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Centre for Advanced Computational Solutions (C-fACS), Lincoln University, New Zealand.
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, NC 27708, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Caioni G, Cimini A, Benedetti E. Food Contamination: An Unexplored Possible Link between Dietary Habits and Parkinson’s Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071467. [PMID: 35406080 PMCID: PMC9003245 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance of a healthy lifestyle in maintaining the population’s well-being and health, especially in terms of balanced nutrition, is well known. Food choice of and dieting habits could impact disease management, which is especially true for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, nowadays, it is not that simple to maintain a balance in nutrition, and the idea of a healthy diet tends to fade as the consequence of a western lifestyle. This should not only be dealt with in the context of food choice, but also from an environmental point of view. What we put into our bodies is strictly related to the quality of ecosystems we live in. For these reasons, attention should be directed to all the pollutants, which in many cases, we unknowingly ingest. It will be necessary to explore the interaction between food and environment, since human activity also influences the raw materials destined for consumption. This awareness can be achieved by means of an innovative scientific approach, which involves the use of new models, in order to overcome the traditional scientific investigations included in the study of Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-243-3267
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cosemans C, Van Larebeke N, Janssen BG, Martens DS, Baeyens W, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Coertjens D, Nelen V, Schoeters G, Hoppe HW, Wolfs E, Smeets K, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. Glyphosate and AMPA exposure in relation to markers of biological aging in an adult population-based study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 240:113895. [PMID: 34883335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are persistent in the environment. Studies showed associations between glyphosate or AMPA exposure and several adverse cellular processes, including metabolic alterations and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between glyphosate and AMPA exposure and biomarkers of biological aging. METHODS We examined glyphosate and AMPA exposure, mtDNA content and leukocyte telomere length in 181 adults, included in the third cycle of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHSIII). DNA was isolated from leukocytes and the relative mtDNA content and telomere length were determined using qPCR. Urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were measured by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). We used multiple linear regression models to associate mtDNA content and leukocyte telomere length with glyphosate or AMPA exposure while adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS A doubling in urinary AMPA concentration was associated with 5.19% (95% CI: 0.49 to 10.11; p = 0.03) longer leukocyte telomere length, while no association was observed with urinary glyphosate concentration. No association between mtDNA content and urinary glyphosate nor AMPA levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that AMPA exposure may be associated with telomere biology in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cosemans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Experimental Cancerology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Dries Coertjens
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Esther Wolfs
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Environmental chemicals can alter gut microbial community composition, known as dysbiosis. However, the gut microbiota is a highly dynamic system and its functions are still largely underexplored. Likewise, it is unclear whether xenobiotic exposure affects host health through impairing host-microbiota interactions. Answers to this question not only can lead to a more precise understanding of the toxic effects of xenobiotics but also can provide new targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we aim to identify the major challenges in the field of microbiota-exposure research and highlight the need to exam the health effects of xenobiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in host bodies. Although the changes of gut microbiota frequently co-occur with the xenobiotic exposure, the causal relationship of xenobiotic-induced microbiota dysbiosis and diseases is rarely established. The high dynamics of the gut microbiota and the complex interactions among exposure, microbiota, and host, are the major challenges to decipher the specific health effects of microbiota dysbiosis. The next stage of study needs to combine various technologies to precisely assess the xenobiotic-induced gut microbiota perturbation and the subsequent health effects in host bodies. The exposure, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and disease outcomes have to be causally linked. Many microbiota-host interactions are established by previous studies, including signaling metabolites and response pathways in the host, which may use as start points for future research to examine the mechanistic interactions of exposure, gut microbiota, and host health. In conclusion, to precisely understand the toxicity of xenobiotics and develop microbiota-based therapies, the causal and mechanistic links of exposure and microbiota dysbiosis have to be established in the next stage study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States,CONTACT Kun Lu Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang X, Lu Q, Guo J, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative Stress and Metabolism: A Mechanistic Insight for Glyphosate Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:617-639. [PMID: 34990202 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-020821-111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLYP) is a widely used pesticide; it is considered to be a safe herbicide for animals and humans because it targets 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. However, there has been increasing evidence that GLYP causes varying degrees of toxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress and metabolism are highly correlated with toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the toxicity of GLYP and, for the first time, systematically summarizes the toxicity mechanism of GLYP from the perspective of oxidative stress, including GLYP-mediated oxidative damage, changes in antioxidant status, altered signaling pathways, and the regulation of oxidative stress by exogenous substances. In addition, the metabolism of GLYP is discussed, including metabolites,metabolic pathways, metabolic enzymes, and the toxicity of metabolites. This review provides new ideas for the toxicity mechanism of GLYP and proposes effective strategies for reducing its toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Jingchao Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cortese RDM, Martinelli SS, Fabri RK, Melgarejo L, Nodari RO, Cavalli SB. Reflections on proposed modifications to the regulation of genetically modified food labeling in Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:6235-6246. [PMID: 34910013 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212612.34772020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the uncertainty surrounding the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), the precautionary principle and constitution provide that consumers should have the right to access adequate information on the presence of transgenics through food labelling. This article discusses the implications of proposed modifications to GM food labelling in Brazil. Current labelling legislation and the government agencies involved in labelling do not guarantee that food products not bearing GMO labels are free of transgenics. The approval of Chamber of Deputies Bill No. 34/2015 goes against the Consumer Protection Code by undermining consumer autonomy and choice. In addition, it is likely to weaken the country's biosurveillance capabilities to identify and seize products that have a harmful effect on the health of humans, animals and the environment. The proposed changes constitute a retrograde step in the regulation of food labelling in Brazil and violate the individual and collective rights enshrined in the Federal Constitution, Consumer Protection Code, and international agreements signed by Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayza Dal Molin Cortese
- Observatório de Estudos em Alimentação Saudável e Sustentável, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). R. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Suellen Secchi Martinelli
- Observatório de Estudos em Alimentação Saudável e Sustentável, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). R. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Rafaela Karen Fabri
- Observatório de Estudos em Alimentação Saudável e Sustentável, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). R. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Leonardo Melgarejo
- Observatório de Estudos em Alimentação Saudável e Sustentável, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). R. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Rubens Onofre Nodari
- Observatório de Estudos em Alimentação Saudável e Sustentável, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). R. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Suzi Barletto Cavalli
- Observatório de Estudos em Alimentação Saudável e Sustentável, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). R. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Manthey CF, Reher D, Huber S. [What is confirmed in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. Internist (Berl) 2021; 62:1269-1279. [PMID: 34727190 PMCID: PMC8561375 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (CIBD) Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is on the rise worldwide. In Germany CIBDs are also a significant healthcare problem. The pathogenesis is complex and involves genetic factors, environmental aspects and changes in the immunological constitution. Furthermore, the gut microbiota plays a role in the maintenance of intestinal inflammation. Fortunately, several new drugs, in particular biologicals, have been approved for the treatment of CIBDs. The treatment of UC is mainly based on 5‑aminosalicylic acid formulations, preferably as a topical form for distal colitis and proctitis as well as local budesonide formulations. In the case of extensive spread, high disease activity and refractory disease antibodies (biologicals) are successfully used, similar to CD. In addition to anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab), vedolizumab, an anti-integrin antibody and the interleukin 12/23 antibody ustekinumab can be successfully used. The intravenous and also subcutaneous administration of antibodies are increasing in importance and are now available for all forms. Furthermore, the Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib is an orally administered option for UC. Clinical scores, endoscopy, ultrasound, laboratory parameters and calprotectin determination in stool are employed to evaluate treatment response (treat to target approach). Ultimately, the long-term goal is mucosal healing. Despite advances in the pharmaceutical treatment, a significant number of patients with CIBD still suffer from treatment refractory courses and need surgery at some time during the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin F Manthey
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - Dominik Reher
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Castrejón-Godínez ML, Tovar-Sánchez E, Valencia-Cuevas L, Rosas-Ramírez ME, Rodríguez A, Mussali-Galante P. Glyphosate Pollution Treatment and Microbial Degradation Alternatives, a Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2322. [PMID: 34835448 PMCID: PMC8625783 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide extensively used worldwide to eliminate weeds in agricultural areas. Since its market introduction in the 70's, the levels of glyphosate agricultural use have increased, mainly due to the introduction of glyphosate-resistant transgenic crops in the 90's. Glyphosate presence in the environment causes pollution, and recent findings have proposed that glyphosate exposure causes adverse effects in different organisms, including humans. In 2015, glyphosate was classified as a probable carcinogen chemical, and several other human health effects have been documented since. Environmental pollution and human health threats derived from glyphosate intensive use require the development of alternatives for its elimination and proper treatment. Bioremediation has been proposed as a suitable alternative for the treatment of glyphosate-related pollution, and several microorganisms have great potential for the biodegradation of this herbicide. The present review highlights the environmental and human health impacts related to glyphosate pollution, the proposed alternatives for its elimination through physicochemical and biological approaches, and recent studies related to glyphosate biodegradation by bacteria and fungi are also reviewed. Microbial remediation strategies have great potential for glyphosate elimination, however, additional studies are needed to characterize the mechanisms employed by the microorganisms to counteract the adverse effects generated by the glyphosate exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (E.T.-S.); (L.V.-C.)
| | - Leticia Valencia-Cuevas
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (E.T.-S.); (L.V.-C.)
| | | | - Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zambrano-Intriago LA, Amorim CG, Rodríguez-Díaz JM, Araújo AN, Montenegro MCBSM. Challenges in the design of electrochemical sensor for glyphosate-based on new materials and biological recognition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148496. [PMID: 34182449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the main ingredient in the weed killer Roundup and the most widely used pesticide in the world. Studies of the harmful effects of GLY on human health began to become more wide-ranging after 2015. GLY is listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a carcinogenic hazard to humans. Moreover, GLY has the property to complex with transition metals and are stable for long periods, being considered a high-risk element for different matrices, such as environmental (soil and water) and food (usually genetically modified crops). Since that, it was noticed an increment in the development of new analytical methods for its determination in different matrices like food, environmental and biological fluids. Noteworthy, the application of electrochemical techniques for downstream detection sparked interest due to the ability to minimize or eliminate the use of polluting chemicals, using simple and affordable equipment. This work aims to review the contribution of the electroanalytical methods for the determination of GLY in different food and environmental matrices. Parameters such as the electrochemical transduction techniques based on the electrical measurement signals, receptor materials for electrodes preparation, and the detection mechanisms are described in this review. The literature review shows that the electrochemical sensors are powerful detection system that can be improved by their design and by their portability to fulfil the needs of the GLY determination in laboratory benches, or even in situ analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Zambrano-Intriago
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.
| | - Célia G Amorim
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Alberto N Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Maria C B S M Montenegro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE/Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saleh SMM, Elghareeb TA, Atia MM, Ahmed MAI. Impact of Glyphosate-Roundup® in the Ileal Structure of Male and Female Rats: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-17. [PMID: 34550058 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of variable doses of the weedicide glyphosate on the ileal (the final section of the small intestine) structure of rats of both sexes, using histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural methods. Forty animals were classified into four groups of 10 animals per group (five males and five females). The first group acted as a control, and the remaining groups were treated with glyphosate-Roundup® 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. The results indicated extinct histopathological changes manifested in the deformation of villi, foci of leukocytic infiltration in the core of villi, and hyperplasia of goblet cells. Histochemical examination (Alcian blue and Periodic acid-Schiff stain) revealed a strong positive reaction of goblet cells and an increase in their number in all treated groups. In addition, the immunohistochemical investigation revealed the immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Furthermore, electron microscopic alternations were represented by the deformation of nuclei, destruction of microvilli, and deposition of lipid droplets. Collectively, the present findings indicate that treatment with glyphosate results in extensive morphological alternations to the ileal structure of rats of both sexes and that female rats are more affected than male rats are.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M M Saleh
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut71516, Egypt
| | - Tasneem A Elghareeb
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut71526, Egypt
| | - Mona M Atia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut71516, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vu CT, Le PT, Chu DB, Bui VH, Phung TLA, Nguyen Le HY, Labanowski J, Mondamert L, Herrmann M, Behra P. One-step purification/extraction method to access glyphosate, glufosinate, and their metabolites in natural waters. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462188. [PMID: 34034108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new green method for trace level quantification of four herbicides, glyphosate (GLYP), glufosinate (GLUF), and their main metabolites, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and 3-(methyl-phosphinico)-propionic acid (MPPA), was developed. The purification step without any derivatization was conducted by solid-phase extraction using Chelex-100 resin in the Fe (III) form, followed by elution with 5% NH4OH. The four analytes were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The developed extraction method was validated on five fresh and sea water matrices with mean recoveries ranging from 80.1% to 109.4% (relative standard deviation < 20%). The extraction conditions were evaluated and certified for the high applicability of the extraction method too. The limits of detection (ng/L) in the five water matrices were in ranges 0.70 - 4.0, 2.4 - 3.9, 1.8 - 4.7, and 1.6 - 4.0 for GLYP, AMPA, GLUF, and MPPA, respectively. The method was successfully applied to detect the four compounds in surface waters sampled along the Red River Delta region in July 2019. The highest concentrations were detected at 565, 1,330, 234, and 871 ng/L for GLYP, AMPA, GLUF, and MPPA, respectively. These results showed the potential capacity of this new method for convenient monitoring of herbicides and their metabolites in the diverse natural water system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cam Tu Vu
- Water - Environment - Oceanography Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Phuong Thu Le
- Water - Environment - Oceanography Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Binh Chu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Hoi Bui
- Water - Environment - Oceanography Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Anh Phung
- School of Environmental Research and Technology, HUST, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Yen Nguyen Le
- Water - Environment - Oceanography Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Université de Poitiers, Dept Water & Geochem, ENSIP, IC2MP, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Leslie Mondamert
- Université de Poitiers, Dept Water & Geochem, ENSIP, IC2MP, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Marine Herrmann
- Water - Environment - Oceanography Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam; LEGOS, IRD/CNRS/CNES/Université Toulouse 3, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Behra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Water - Environment - Oceanography Department, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rodríguez-Miguel A, Hernández-Zamora M, Martínez-Jerónimo L, Martínez-Jerónimo F. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of the glyphosate-based herbicide Faena® increases sensitivity in the progeny of the American cladoceran Daphnia exilis (Herrick, 1895). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38094-38105. [PMID: 33725304 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbicides has increased over the last decades. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide commercialized in more than 750 formulations. While information about glyphosate's toxicity on different non-target aquatic organisms has been vastly documented, we know little about the transgenerational effects in aquatic biota. This study determined the cross-generation effects produced by the glyphosate-based herbicide Faena® on the American cladoceran Daphnia exilis. Measured endpoints were survival, reproductive responses, metabolic biomarkers, and the size of neonates. D. exilis was exposed to glyphosate concentrations of 2.09, 2.49, and 3.15 (mg L-1) (as content in Faena®) during 21 days starting from neonates, at 25°C, 16:8 photoperiod, fed with 8 × 105 cells mL-1 of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The LC50 was 4.22 mg L-1. Survival, accumulated progeny, and the number of clutches in the parental generation (P1) were significantly higher than those observed in the first generation (F1). Exposure to the herbicide completely inhibited reproduction in the F1. The size of the neonates varied among treatments and broods in P1; nevertheless, neonate size (body and total lengths, as well as body width) was significantly affected in F1. Toxic effects on the survival and reproduction of D. exilis were significantly increased in the F1 exposed to Faena®. Results warn about the augmented effect on progeny where parents were exposed to this herbicide. Multigenerational adverse effects could be expected in freshwater zooplankton exposed to Faena®. The frequently claimed low toxicity of glyphosate must be revised to control the indiscriminate use of this herbicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rodríguez-Miguel
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Miriam Hernández-Zamora
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura Martínez-Jerónimo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alshemmari H, Al-Shareedah AE, Rajagopalan S, Talebi LA, Hajeyah M. Pesticides driven pollution in Kuwait: The first evidence of environmental exposure to pesticides in soils and human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129688. [PMID: 33524749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution from pesticide residues is a key concern due to the high soil accumulation of pesticides and their human toxicity. Pesticide concentration of surface soil samples from the Sulaibiya agricultural field located in Kuwait was assessed in the present study. The study also investigated health risk assessment for both children and adults based on the residual concentrations. The average concentration of ƩOCPs (sum of organochlorine pesticides) along the present study was 3062 pg/g. The residual concentration of ƩOCPs was comparatively lower as compared to other locations around the world. Out of the 11 observed locations, A, B, and D locations indicated higher concentrations of ƩOCPs. The results indicated that DDT showed higher concentrations 692.87 pg/g in soil samples as compared to the other pesticides. Cancer risks of OCP via ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation of soil particles suggested that all stations were in a safe zone. However, locations A, B and D were closer to the low-risk band. The distribution pattern for each form of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) was different in Sulaibiya, indicating the non-simultaneous use of different groups of OCPs in this region. Multivariate statistical analysis based on cluster analysis identified three classes, 1, 2 and 3 of pesticides, suggesting these are from the same sources. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that soil physicochemical properties influence the pesticides in soil samples. The results provides the baseline data of pesticides in soils from Kuwait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alshemmari
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait; Stockholm Convention Regional Center for Capacity-Building and the Transfer of Technology for West Asia (SCRC-Kuwait), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Abdulaziz E Al-Shareedah
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Smitha Rajagopalan
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Lina Ali Talebi
- Environmental Pollution and Climate Program, Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Hajeyah
- Crisis Decision Support (CDS) Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tyczewska A, Gracz-Bernaciak J, Szymkowiak J, Twardowski T. Herbicide stress-induced DNA methylation changes in two Zea mays inbred lines differing in Roundup® resistance. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:235-248. [PMID: 33512663 PMCID: PMC8032638 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, activity of transposable elements, defense against foreign DNA, and inheritance of specific gene expression patterns. The link between stress exposure and sequence-specific changes in DNA methylation was hypothetical until it was shown that stresses can induce changes in the gene expression through hypomethylation or hypermethylation of DNA. To detect changes in DNA methylation under herbicide stress in two local Zea mays inbred lines exhibiting differential susceptibility to Roundup®, the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique was used. The overall DNA methylation levels were determined at approximately 60% for both tested lines. The most significant changes were observed for the more sensitive Z. mays line, where 6 h after the herbicide application, a large increase in the level of DNA methylation (attributed to the increase in fully methylated bands (18.65%)) was noted. DNA sequencing revealed that changes in DNA methylation profiles occurred in genes encoding heat shock proteins, membrane proteins, transporters, kinases, lipases, methyltransferases, zinc-finger proteins, cytochromes, and transposons. Herbicide stress-induced changes depended on the Z. mays variety, and the large increase in DNA methylation level in the sensitive line resulted in a lower ability to cope with stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tyczewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Szymkowiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Twardowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
de Araújo-Ramos AT, Passoni MT, Romano MA, Romano RM, Martino-Andrade AJ. Controversies on Endocrine and Reproductive Effects of Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides: A Mini-Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:627210. [PMID: 33790858 PMCID: PMC8006305 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.627210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are among the most used pesticides worldwide, presenting high potential for human exposure. Recently, a debate was raised on glyphosate risks to human health due to conflicting views over its potential carcinogenic and endocrine disruptive properties. Results from regulatory guideline studies, reports from Regulatory Agencies, and some literature studies point to a lack of endocrine disrupting properties of the active ingredient glyphosate. On the other hand, many in vivo and in vitro studies, using different experimental model systems, have demonstrated that GBHs can disrupt certain hormonal signaling pathways with impacts on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and other organ systems. Importantly, several studies showed that technical-grade glyphosate is less toxic than formulated GBHs, indicating that the mixture of the active ingredient and formulants can have cumulative effects on endocrine and reproductive endpoints, which requires special attention from Regulatory Agencies. In this mini-review, we discuss the controversies related to endocrine-disrupting properties of technical-grade glyphosate and GBHs emphasizing the reproductive system and its implications for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Tadeu de Araújo-Ramos
- Animal Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcella Tapias Passoni
- Reproductive Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anderson Joel Martino-Andrade
- Animal Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Reproductive Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu J, Lesseur C, Miao Y, Manservisi F, Panzacchi S, Mandrioli D, Belpoggi F, Chen J, Petrick L. Low-dose exposure of glyphosate-based herbicides disrupt the urine metabolome and its interaction with gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3265. [PMID: 33547360 PMCID: PMC7864973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) can disrupt the host microbiota and influence human health. In this study, we explored the potential effects of GBHs on urinary metabolites and their interactions with gut microbiome using a rodent model. Glyphosate and Roundup (equal molar for glyphosate) were administered at the USA glyphosate ADI guideline (1.75 mg/kg bw/day) to the dams and their pups. The urine metabolites were profiled using non-targeted liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Our results found that overall urine metabolite profiles significantly differed between dams and pups and between female and male pups. Specifically, we identified a significant increase of homocysteine, a known risk factor of cardiovascular disease in both Roundup and glyphosate exposed pups, but in males only. Correlation network analysis between gut microbiome and urine metabolome pointed to Prevotella to be negatively correlated with the level of homocysteine. Our study provides initial evidence that exposures to commonly used GBH, at a currently acceptable human exposure dose, is capable of modifying urine metabolites in both rat adults and pups. The link between Prevotella-homocysteine suggests the potential role of GBHs in modifying the susceptibility of homocysteine, which is a metabolite that has been dysregulated in related diseases like cardiovascular disease or inflammation, through commensal microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabiana Manservisi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Panzacchi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Masood MI, Naseem M, Warda SA, Tapia-Laliena MÁ, Rehman HU, Nasim MJ, Schäfer KH. Environment permissible concentrations of glyphosate in drinking water can influence the fate of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of the postnatal mouse. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116179. [PMID: 33348142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The developing nervous system is highly vulnerable to environmental toxicants especially pesticides. Glyphosate pesticide induces neurotoxicity both in humans and rodents, but so far only when exposed to higher concentrations. A few studies, however, have also reported the risk of general toxicity of glyphosate at concentrations comparable to allowable limits set up by environmental protection authorities. In vitro data regarding glyphosate neurotoxicity at concentrations comparable to maximum permissible concentrations in drinking water is lacking. In the present study, we established an in vitro assay based upon neural stem cells (NSCs) from the subventricular zone of the postnatal mouse to decipher the effects of two maximum permissible concentrations of glyphosate in drinking water on the basic neurogenesis processes. Our results demonstrated that maximum permissible concentrations of glyphosate recognized by environmental protection authorities significantly reduced the cell migration and differentiation of NSCs as demonstrated by the downregulation of the expression levels of the neuronal ß-tubulin III and the astrocytic S100B genes. The expression of the cytoprotective gene CYP1A1 was downregulated whilst the expression of oxidative stresses indicator gene SOD1 was upregulated. The concentration comparable to non-toxic human plasma concentration significantly induced cytotoxicity and activated Ca2+ signalling in the differentiated culture. Our findings demonstrated that the permissible concentrations of glyphosate in drinking water recognized by environmental protection authorities are capable of inducing neurotoxicity in the developing nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Masood
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, D-66123, Germany; Working Group Enteric Nervous System, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, 66482, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Mahrukh Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87550, Pakistan
| | - Salam A Warda
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, 66482, Germany
| | | | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, D-66123, Germany
| | - Karl Herbert Schäfer
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Campus Zweibrücken, 66482, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery Mannheim, University Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|