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Liu Z, Zhang C, Ma J, Peng Q, Du X, Sun S, Cheng J, Peng W, Chen L, Gu Z, Zhang W, Su P, Zhang D. Extraction Methods Determine the Quality of Soil Microbiota Acquisition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:403. [PMID: 38399807 PMCID: PMC10891820 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The soil microbiome plays a key role in plant health. Native soil microbiome inoculation, metagenomic profiling, and high-throughput cultivation require efficient microbe extraction. Sonication and oscillation are the most common methods used to extract soil microbiomes. However, the extraction efficiency of these methods has not been investigated in full. In this study, we compared the culturable microbe numbers, community structures, and alpha diversities among the different methods, including sonication, oscillation, and centrifugation, and their processing times. The study results showed that sonication significantly increases the culturable colony number compared with oscillation and centrifugation. Furthermore, the sonication strategy was found to be the main factor influencing extraction efficiency, but increased sonication time can aid in recovery from this impact. Finally, the extraction processing times were found to have a significant negative relationship with α-diversity among the extracted microbiota. In conclusion, sonication is the main factor for enriching in situ microbiota, and increased extraction time significantly decreases the α-diversity of the extracted microbiota. The results of this study provide insights into the isolation and utilization of different microorganism sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Liu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiejia Ma
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qianze Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya City, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiaohua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shu'e Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ju'e Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Weiye Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zepei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Weixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Pin Su
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya City, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya City, Sanya 572024, China
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2
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Han M, Chae M, Han S. Assessment of fungal contamination and biosecurity risk factors in duck-breeding farms in South Korea. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103197. [PMID: 37925771 PMCID: PMC10652118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are pathogens that infect all types of poultry and farmers, leading to economic losses in poultry production. Fungi can be isolated from environmental samples and are ubiquitous in the air. This study aimed to evaluate fungal contamination in domestic duck farm environments and analyze biosecurity risk factors associated with fungal infection incidence to assess the vulnerability of the farms to fungal infection. The average fungal concentration was 203 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 in the air and 365 × 103 CFU/m2 in the wall surface samples. Sixteen fungal genera were recovered from air and wall surface samples from 19 duck-breeding farms, Aspergillus being the most frequently isolated (air: 43.2%; wall surface: 40%). Eleven additional fungal genera (Acrophialophora, Byssochlamys, Fusarium, Lichtheimia, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Polycephalomyces, Rhizomucor, Scopulariopsis, Talaromyces, and Thermoascus) were isolated from air samples. Also, 8 additional fungal genera (Chaetomium, Lichtheimia, Penicillium, Petriella, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Talaromyces, and Trichosporon) were isolated from wall surface samples. The characteristics of the poultry farms (geographic region, stocking density, breeding house type, affiliate, duck age, and season) and fungal concentrations in the air and wall surface samples were analyzed to evaluate the biosecurity risk of the farms. Fungal infections were significantly affected by high stocking density (>2 ducks/m2), duck age (18-25 wk and >60 wk), and high fungal concentration in the wall surface samples (>300 × 103 CFU/m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Han
- Institute of Chungbuk Provincial Veterinary Service and Research, Cheongju 28153, South Korea.
| | - Munhui Chae
- Institute of Chungbuk Provincial Veterinary Service and Research, Cheongju 28153, South Korea
| | - Seongtae Han
- Institute of Chungbuk Provincial Veterinary Service and Research, Cheongju 28153, South Korea
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3
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Kumarajith TM, Breadmore M, Powell SM. Performance evaluation of commercially available swabs for environmental monitoring: Uptake and release efficiency. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 216:106866. [PMID: 38040293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Safety and the quality of products rely on proper cleanliness procedures and good manufacturing practices in the production environment. The use of swabs for the collection of samples from surfaces has been a common practice in industries, medicine and forensic studies. To accommodate these different purposes, many varieties of swabs have been introduced into the market, and it is important to assess the performance of these swabs before incorporating into an environmental monitoring procedure. The overall effectiveness of a swab is determined by two factors: the number of bacteria that a swab can uptake from a surface and the number of picked-up bacteria the swab can elute into a releasing buffer. This study evaluated the uptake efficiency and release efficiency of four different commercially available swabs: CleanFoam (Texwipes, USA), FLOQSwabs (Copan diagnostic Inc., USA), Hydraflock swabs (Puritan medical products, USA), and Cotton swabs. Cotton swabs showed the highest uptake efficiency (96.5 ± 1.9%), whereas CleanFoam swabs (57.9 ± 20.3%) showed the least. Both flocked (FLOQSwabs and Hydraflock) swabs showed over 80% uptake efficiency. Releasing efficiency of swabs was tested with eight different releasing buffers. Cotton swabs displayed the lowest release efficiency with most of the tested releasing buffers. When employed with Tris HEPES, Tris MOPS, Tris TAPS, FLOQSwabs, and Hydraflock swabs exhibited releasing efficiency of over 75%. The overall efficiency of the swabs was determined using TAPS as the releasing buffer and the values obtained were 80.4 ± 9.8%, 54.7 ± 16.9%, 35.0 ± 12.7% and 25.2 ± 6.9% for Hydraflock swabs, FLOQSwabs, Cotton swabs and Cleanfoam swabs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thisara M Kumarajith
- Australia Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael Breadmore
- Australia Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shane M Powell
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Australia.
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Williams TC, Woznow T, Velapatino B, Asselin E, Nakhaie D, Bryce EA, Charles M. In vitro comparison of methods for sampling copper-based antimicrobial surfaces. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0244123. [PMID: 37847020 PMCID: PMC10714924 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02441-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Self-sanitizing surfaces such as copper (Cu) are increasingly used on high-touch surfaces to prevent the spread of harmful viruses and bacteria. Being able to monitor the antimicrobial properties of Cu is fundamental in measuring its antimicrobial efficacy. Thorough investigations into reliable methods to enumerate bacteria from self-sanitizing surfaces are lacking in the literature. This study demonstrates that direct use of Petrifilm on Cu surfaces most likely revives stressed and dying bacteria, which induces increased bacterial counts. This phenomenon was not observed with indirect collection methods. Studies assessing time-kill kinetics or long-term efficacy of Cu should consider the impact of the collection method chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Williams
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T. Woznow
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B. Velapatino
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E. Asselin
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D. Nakhaie
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E. A. Bryce
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M. Charles
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Raspa F, Schiavone A, Pattono D, Galaverna D, Cavallini D, Vinassa M, Bergero D, Dalmasso A, Bottero MT, Valle E. Pet feeding habits and the microbiological contamination of dog food bowls: effect of feed type, cleaning method and bowl material. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:261. [PMID: 38062425 PMCID: PMC10701922 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe pet feeding practices and food bowl hygiene measures are important for minimising the risk of microbiological contaminations in the domestic environment. This study compares the practices reported by dog and cat caregivers, and investigates whether cleaning method, feed type or bowl material affects the microbiological contamination of dog food bowls. RESULTS Data from 351 dog caregivers and 186 cat caregivers were collected via an online survey. The majority of dogs (70.7%) were fed twice daily, whereas cats (43%) were mostly fed ad libitum. The most common material for dog food bowls was metal (67.1%) versus plastic (38.1%) and metal (37.6%) for cats. Dog food bowls were most frequently cleaned after each meal (35.7%); whereas for cats, 21.5% were cleaned after each meal, 22.7% once a day and 19.3% 2-3 times a week. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts (TMABc), Enterobacteriaceae counts and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Verotoxigenic E. coli [VTEC]) were assessed for 96 dog food bowls. TMABc were higher in metal vs. plastic bowls (p < 0.001) and in those used for wet food vs. dry food (p = 0.0397). Enterobacteriaceae counts were higher in bowls washed by hand vs. dishwasher (p = 0.0515), whereas no differences were found between hand washing vs. dry wiping. Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. or E. coli VTEC contaminations were not detected. CONCLUSIONS The surveyed Italian dog and cat caregivers reported different habits concerning feeding frequency, food bowl material and cleaning frequency. Wet food and metal bowls were associated with higher levels of microbiological contamination of dog food bowls. Furthermore, in relation to wet washing methods, contaminations were likely to be greater following hand washing than they were following the use of a dishwasher. Practical guidelines for safe feeding practices and hygiene measures are needed to minimise the risk of microbiological contaminations in domestic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raspa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Daniele Pattono
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
| | | | - Damiano Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marica Vinassa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dalmasso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bottero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Emanuela Valle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
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Bonifacino G, Traversa A, Nucera D, Bervini R, Bruatto G, Coruzzi E, Gilli M, Mendolicchio A, Osella E, Rubinetti F, Stassi E, Biglia C, Civera T. Official controls on traditional and ethnic butchers: evidence gathered to improve food safety. Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:11130. [PMID: 38116375 PMCID: PMC10726396 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation 2017/625 allows and encourages the use of rating schemes as a means to increase transparency in the agri-food chain. Since its implementation, a need for greater fairness, consistency, transparency, and objectivity in official controls has been reported by member states. The present study compares the results of inspection activities concerning food hygiene principles in ethnic and traditional butcheries. The sample consists of 50 food business activities randomly selected from traditional and ethnic butcheries subject to official control in Turin from January to June 2019. Our objectives were to evaluate the degree of awareness and training of food business operators (FBOs) and to compare the written records drawn up by the competent authorities (CAs) during official inspections to evaluate their completeness and uniformity. The presence of old equipment is a common finding in both traditional and ethnic butchers. This could lead to ineffective cleaning operations and inappropriate functioning, which in turn could lead to a dangerous loss of control over products' temperatures. Ethnic butchers showed a higher number of non-compliances for documentary examination, the presence/correctness of self-control plans, and management aspects such as by-product disposal and personnel hygiene. Training is the key point for both CAs and FBOs; inspectors must maintain their professionalism but also adhere to harmonized and intellectually supported criteria, and FBOs must prevent improper behavior. Eventually, we propose strategies to increase the efficacy and homogeneity of records, together with suggestions on how to implement training both for consultants and operators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaranta Traversa
- Section Veterinary B, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit, Turin
| | - Daniele Nucera
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Bervini
- Section Veterinary B, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit, Turin
| | - Guido Bruatto
- Section Veterinary B, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit, Turin
| | - Emanuele Coruzzi
- Section Veterinary B, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit, Turin
| | - Maurizio Gilli
- Section Veterinary B, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit, Turin
| | | | - Emanuele Osella
- Section Veterinary B, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit, Turin
| | | | - Enzo Stassi
- Section Veterinary B, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit, Turin
| | - Claudio Biglia
- Section Veterinary B, Department of Prevention, Local Health Unit, Turin
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7
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Alvarez-Molina A, Cobo-Díaz JF, Alexa EA, Crispie F, Prieto M, López M, Cotter PD, Alvarez-Ordóñez A. Sequencing-based analysis of the microbiomes of Spanish food processing facilities reveals environment-specific variation in the dominant taxa and antibiotic resistance genes. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113442. [PMID: 37803768 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, advances in high throughput sequencing technologies have opened the possibility to broaden environmental monitoring activities in facilities processing food, offering expanded opportunities for characterizing in an untargeted manner the microbiome and resistome of foods and food processing environments (FPE) with huge potential benefits in food safety management systems. Here the microbiome and resistome of FPE from slaughterhouses (n = 3), dairy (n = 12) and meat (n = 10) processing plants were assessed through whole metagenome sequencing of 2 composite samples for each facility, comprising 10 FPE swabs taken from food contact surfaces and 10 FPE samples from non-food contact surfaces, respectively. FPE from slaughterhouses had more diverse microbiomes and resistomes, while FPE from dairy processing plants showed the highest β-dispersion, consistent with a more heterogeneous microbiome and resistome composition. The predominant bacterial genera depended on the industry type, with Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter being highly dominant in surfaces from slaughterhouses and meat industries, while different lactic acid bacteria predominated in dairy industries. The most abundant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) found were associated with resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC). ARGs relating to resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were significantly more prevalent in slaughterhouses than in food processing plants, while QAC resistance genes were particularly abundant in some food contact surfaces from dairy and meat processing plants, suggesting that daily sanitation under suboptimal conditions may be selecting for persistent microbiota tolerant to these biocides in some facilities. The taxonomic mapping of ARG pointed to specific bacterial genera, such as Escherichia, Bacillus, or Staphylococcus, as carriers of the most relevant resistance determinants. About 63% of all ARG reads were assigned to contigs classified as plasmid-associated, indicating that the resistome of FPE may be strongly shaped through the spread of mobile genetic elements. Overall, the relevance of FPE as reservoirs of ARG was confirmed and it was demonstrated that next generation sequencing technologies allowing a deep characterisation of sources and routes of spread of microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance determinants in food industry settings hold promise to be integrated in monitoring and food safety management programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José F Cobo-Díaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Elena A Alexa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Fiona Crispie
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Mercedes López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
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Adhikari S, Hunter E, Vossenberg JVD, Thomas J. A review of latrine front-end characteristics associated with microbial infection risk; reveals a lack of pathogen density data. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 254:114261. [PMID: 37734133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Unsafe sanitation accounts for an estimated 898,000 global deaths annually. The faecal pathogen transmission pathway is complex with several possible routes. Latrine front-end characteristics and usage behaviours are one key transmission pathway for microbial pathogens, however, there has not yet been a synthesis of the available research. This review aims to compare the microbial infection risks with latrine front-end components including any quantified microbial densities within the household latrines. This review was conducted with no restriction on the geographical location of the research. Of 118 studies reviewed, only ten (8%) have quantified the microbial density inside the household latrines compared to 109 (92%) measuring the infection risks. The reported risks were most frequent for specific bacterial (n = 34), and helminths infections (n = 32) compared to diarrhoea (n = 23), combined (n = 15), protozoan (n = 4), and viral (n = 4) infections. The infections risk decreased for using latrines lying at a higher position on the sanitation ladder (for example flush latrines) compared to those lying lower (for example pit latrines). The trend was similar for using floor materials that were easier to clean and less favourable for pathogen survival inside the latrines (for example, concrete as opposed to earth). Faecal coliforms were reported highest on the surface of the squat pan (743 CFU/cm2) of pour-flush latrines and helminths on earth floors of pit latrines (1.5 eggs and larvae per gram of soil). Irrespective of latrine type and its position on the sanitation ladder, a dirty latrine, evidenced by a visible lack of cleanliness, significantly increased the risk for all infections. This study recommends that effective microbial infection risk reduction in latrines can be gained efficiently by ensuring washable surfaces and consistent cleaning practices. Future studies should include more rigorous measurements of microbial densities in various latrine types incorporating the different front-end components and usage behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Adhikari
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Erin Hunter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Behavioural, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, United States.
| | - Jack van de Vossenberg
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute of Water Education, the Netherlands.
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9
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Chatterjee B, Vittal RR. Surface Disinfection and Sanitizing Action of the Alcohol-Free Essential Oil-based Green Formulation. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:170. [PMID: 37024624 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The surface disinfectant property of a prepared formulation using potential and effective EO (Murraya koenigii), phytochemical (Geraniol), and an amino acid epsilon-L-Poly-Lysine (ɛ-PL) is examined in this present study. To investigate its potential as a surface disinfectant (SD) different tests using multiple bacterial strains were conducted. All tested bacterial strains were inhibited by the SD treatments, with a MIC range of (0.78-3.12%) v/v. Notably, Staphylococcus sp. was found to be more susceptible to the treatment than its gram-negative counterparts. In the test, sterile stainless-steel surfaces were used and externally contaminated with Escherichia sp. Cleaning the surface with the prepared formulation was more effective than the equal concentration of vinegar in terms of bacterial growth reduction. Vinegar was used as a mother solvent in the preparation of the SD due to its proven antibacterial effect. It is worth mentioning, this formulation is also proven to be effective on biofilm-embedded bacterial cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as found in epifluorescence microscopy staining. Even though the impact of each constituent needs to be further explored, the effectiveness of this formulation may encourage large farms to seek out alternatives that are more environmentally friendly, safe, and effective than conventional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudhyayan Chatterjee
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India
| | - Ravishankar Rai Vittal
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India.
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10
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Kapetanović D, Vardić Smrzlić I, Kazazić S, Omanović D, Cukrov N, Cindrić AM, Rapljenović A, Perić L, Orlić K, Mijošek T, Redžović Z, Gavrilović A, Radočaj T, Filipović Marijić V. A preliminary study of the cultivable microbiota on the plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea, with emphasis on Vibrio isolates and their antibiotic resistance. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114592. [PMID: 36657339 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean Sea is the sixth largest area of marine litter accumulation in the world, and plastic pollution is a growing problem in its Adriatic sub-basin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cultivable microbiota associated with plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea in comparison with microbiota in seawater and sediment. Plastic litter in the sea contains an autochthonous microbiota that is different from that of the surrounding seawater and sediment. Vibrio abundance was higher on plastic litter than in surrounding seawater and sediment. All isolated Vibrio showing resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin, while resistance to other antibiotics depended on the isolated species. Overall, this study provides for the first time information on the cultivable microbiota associated with plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers and provides a data base for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Kapetanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Snježana Kazazić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Omanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Cukrov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Rapljenović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lorena Perić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karla Orlić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Mijošek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zuzana Redžović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Gavrilović
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tena Radočaj
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Turechek WW, Winterbottom C, Meyer-Jertberg M, Wang H. Survival of Xanthomonas fragariae on Common Materials. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:116-124. [PMID: 35640956 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-22-0719-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas fragariae causes strawberry angular leaf spot (ALS), an important disease for the strawberry nursery industry in North America. To identify potential inoculum sources, the survival of X. fragariae was examined on the surfaces of 11 common materials found in nurseries: corrugated cardboard, cotton balls, cotton cloth (t-shirt), strawberry leaf, sheet metal, plastic, rubber, Tyvek, wood (balsa), glass (microscope slide), and latex (latex glove). Prefabricated rectangular samples (7.62 by 2.54 cm) of each material were immersed in a bacterial suspension for 15 min, after which the samples were stored at approximately 20°C (room temperature) or -4°C (the cold storage temperature for dormant plants in strawberry nurseries) for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, and 365 days after inoculation (DAI). After the storage period elapsed, bacteria were recovered from the surfaces of each of the samples with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-soaked cotton balls. Survival rate was determined with a viability real-time quantitative PCR procedure and in a plant bioassay that involved rub inoculation of strawberry leaflets with the PBS-soaked cotton balls used to recover bacteria from the samples. Results showed that X. fragariae could survive on all surfaces but that survival rate differed among materials and storage temperature. All materials were capable of harboring viable bacteria up to 7 DAI when stored at -4°C based on the formation of lesions on inoculated leaves in the plant bioassay. The longest survival observed was 270 DAI on cardboard stored at -4°C. At room temperature, cardboard, cotton balls, cotton t-shirt, and strawberry leaf tissue supported small bacterial populations up to 14 DAI. The information from this study can be used to improve sanitation practices for ALS management in strawberry nurseries.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Turechek
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL
| | | | | | - Hehe Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Blackville, SC
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12
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Lupattelli A, Primavilla S, Roila R, Felici A, Tinaro M. Microbiological Safety and Quality of Meals and Work Surfaces in Collective Catering Systems in Central Italy: A Five-Year Monitoring Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010064. [PMID: 36671754 PMCID: PMC9855182 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ready-to-eat (RTE) meals produced and served by the catering system still represent one of the major causes of foodborne outbreaks, especially for susceptible consumers. Despite the great progress in food hygiene and safety, the systematic monitoring of microbial contamination of foodstuff is the most effective tool to ensure food safety and protect consumers’ health. The aim of this study was to perform a thorough assessment of the microbial safety and quality of meals and work surfaces of collective catering systems in central Italy, over a five-year period (2014−2018). In total 11,012 microbiological analytical determinations were performed in food matrices (80.1%) and environmental samples (19.9%). The results obtained show a low level of non-conformities ranging from 2.2% to 6.3% of total samples, concerning both hygiene and safety parameters. A decreasing trend of non-conformities during the years was also highlighted (p-value < 0.05), especially for environmental samples. This study suggests that the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and the proper definition of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plans, combined with a thorough evaluation of microbiological monitoring, are able to ensure high levels of food safety and hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lupattelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Primavilla
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-075343213 (S.P.); +39-0755857936 (R.R.)
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-075343213 (S.P.); +39-0755857936 (R.R.)
| | - Andrea Felici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Miriam Tinaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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13
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Guéneau V, Plateau-Gonthier J, Arnaud L, Piard JC, Castex M, Briandet R. Positive biofilms to guide surface microbial ecology in livestock buildings. Biofilm 2022; 4:100075. [PMID: 35494622 PMCID: PMC9039864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in human consumption of animal proteins implies changes in the management of meat production. This is followed by increasingly restrictive regulations on antimicrobial products such as chemical biocides and antibiotics, used in particular to control pathogens that can spread zoonotic diseases. Aligned with the One Health concept, alternative biological solutions are under development and are starting to be used in animal production. Beneficial bacteria able to form positive biofilms and guide surface microbial ecology to limit microbial pathogen settlement are promising tools that could complement existing biosecurity practices to maintain the hygiene of livestock buildings. Although the benefits of positive biofilms have already been documented, the associated fundamental mechanisms and the rationale of the microbial composition of these new products are still sparce. This review provides an overview of the envisioned modes of action of positive biofilms used on livestock building surfaces and the resulting criteria for the selection of the appropriate microorganisms for this specific application. Limits and advantages of this biosecurity approach are discussed as well as the impact of such practices along the food chain, from farm to fork.
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14
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Vashist V, Banthia N, Kumar S, Agrawal P. A systematic review on materials, design, and manufacturing of swabs. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2022.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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15
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Pradeep S, Nandini G, Hiranmayi S, Kumar G, Bijjala NK, Guduri S. A Prospective Study on Assessment of Microbial Contamination of Toothbrushes and Methods of Their Decontamination. Cureus 2022; 14:e30155. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Boonyawan D, Lamasai K, Umongno C, Rattanatabtimtong S, Yu L, Kuensaen C, Maitip J, Thana P. Surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma-treated pork cut parts: bactericidal efficacy and physiochemical characteristics. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10915. [PMID: 36247123 PMCID: PMC9561744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining agro-food product safety remains a significant challenge for satisfying local and global consumers in tropical countries. This issue has been growing due to new pathogen strains, low infectious doses, increased virulence, antibiotic resistance, cross-contamination or recontamination of foods, food-contact surfaces, and biocontamination of water within the food production chain. To respond to this situation, we studied the inactivation efficacy of surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma against pathogens on the surface of various pork cut parts, including the loin, hip, belly, liver, and intestine. The SDBD plasma was operated at 0.30 W/cm2 in ambient air, with a gap of 5.0 mm between the plasma generator and the sample surface. Up to 96% germicidal efficiency against surface pathogens were observed, showing after 1 min of SDBD plasma exposure. Visualization of reactive species deposition on the treated surface using KI-starch agar gel reagent indicated a non-uniform distribution of the SDBD-generated reactive species on the treated surface. Following the indirect plasma treatment by the SDBD reactor, the overall color of pork cut samples after plasma treatment was significantly different compared with before. However, the surface morphology and structural characterization of the treated pork cut samples were not significantly altered, and residual nitrites and nitrates were lower than the restriction level for safe consumption. The SDBD reactor should be developed further to produce a uniform distribution of reactive species on the meat surface for the improvement of the decontamination effect without undesirable effects on meat quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Boonyawan
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - K. Lamasai
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (International Program/Interdisciplinary), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - C. Umongno
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - S. Rattanatabtimtong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - L.D. Yu
- Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - C. Kuensaen
- International College of Digital Innovation, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - J. Maitip
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand
| | - P. Thana
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand,Corresponding author.
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17
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Zhao P, Chan PT, Zhang N, Li Y. An Advanced Tape-Stripping Approach for High-Efficiency Sampling on Non-Absorbent Surfaces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12571. [PMID: 36231872 PMCID: PMC9564726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface sampling is a frequent task in laboratory work and field studies. Simple methods usually have low efficiency in collecting target substances from surfaces. This study developed an advanced tape-stripping approach for efficient sampling on non-absorbent surfaces. A film-forming solution, prepared using polyvinyl alcohol, is applied to the target surface, where it covers and engulfs the surface deposits and then solidifies into an elastic membrane as it is exposed to air. The deposits are collected by stripping off the membrane and re-dissolving it in water. This new approach exhibited an efficiency of 100% in collecting uniform-size microspheres from glass surfaces and extremely high efficiencies (>96.6%) in detecting selected target DNA materials from glass and stainless steel surfaces. In comparison, the common swab-rinse method exhibited an efficiency of 72.6% under similar measuring conditions. The viability of S. aureus during sampling using the new approach decreased as the ethanol concentration in the applied solution increased. Using a solution with a mass ratio of ethanol of 17.6% balanced the effects of multiplication and degradation of the S. aureus on glass surfaces during sampling. Overall, the proposed approach exhibits high efficiency in collecting living and abiotic matter from non-absorbent surfaces, complementing existing sampling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Pak-To Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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18
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Ghoshal M, Chuang S, Zhang Y, McLandsborough L. Efficacy of Acidified Oils against Salmonella in Low-Moisture Environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0093522. [PMID: 35938829 PMCID: PMC9397106 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00935-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When processing low-moisture, high-fat foods such as peanut butter and nuts, water-based sanitization is unsuitable due to the immiscible nature of water and fats. Dry sanitization mainly uses flammable compounds such as isopropanol, requiring equipment cooling before application. The use of oils to deliver antimicrobials against foodborne pathogens enables the use of elevated temperatures, thus eliminating processing downtimes associated with dry sanitization. This study delivered organic acids and medium-chain fatty acids (100, 250, and 500 mM) in peanut oil against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis desiccated at 75% relative humidity (RH). Acetic acid in peanut oil (AO) at 45°C was the most effective food-grade acid, causing a 4.4-log reduction in S. Enteritidis at 500 mM. AO caused cellular injury and was effective against a variety of S. Enteritidis strains. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that cells treated with 50 mM and 250 mM AO had significant membrane damage and reduced cellular respiration compared to untreated controls. Treatment efficacy increased with the increase in acid concentration, treatment duration, and treatment temperature from 20 to 45°C. Transmission electron microscopy after treatment with 100 and 250 mM AO revealed membrane ruffling and leakage in cell membranes, especially at 45°C. Reduction of the RH to 33% during desiccation of S. Enteritidis caused a decrease in AO efficacy compared to that at 75% RH, while at a higher RH of 90%, there was an increase in the efficacy of AO. Acidified oils can serve as robust, cost-effective replacements for dry-sanitation methods and improve safety of low moisture foods. IMPORTANCE Currently, dry sanitization products used during food processing often contain flammable compounds which require processing to stop and equipment to cool before application. This leads to processing downtimes and consequently, economic losses. This challenge is compounded by exposure to dryness which frequently renders Salmonella resistant to heat and different antimicrobials. Thus, the development of heat-tolerant oil-based antimicrobial compounds is a novel approach for sanitizing in low-moisture (dry) environments such as those found in peanut butter, tree nuts, and chocolate manufacturing. This study shows that acidified oils, especially acetic acid in peanut oil at elevated temperatures (45°C), was highly effective against desiccated Salmonella. Acidified oils have the potential to replace dry sanitizers, increasing the frequency of sanitization, leading to an improvement in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shihyu Chuang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lynne McLandsborough
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Tesei D, Jewczynko A, Lynch AM, Urbaniak C. Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040495. [PMID: 35454986 PMCID: PMC9031868 DOI: 10.3390/life12040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a period of time. Several of these changes occur at the microbiome level, a complex ensemble of microbial communities residing in various anatomic sites of the human body, with a pivotal role in regulating the health and behavior of the host. The microbiome is essential for day-to-day physiological activities, and alterations in microbiome composition and function have been linked to various human diseases. For these reasons, understanding the impact of spaceflight and space conditions on the microbiome of astronauts is important to assess significant health risks that can emerge during long-term missions and to develop countermeasures. Here, we review various conditions that are caused by long-term space exploration and discuss the role of the microbiome in promoting or ameliorating these conditions, as well as space-related factors that impact microbiome composition. The topics explored pertain to microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences and pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections are made between the trifecta of spaceflight, the host and the microbiome, and the significance of these interactions for successful long-term space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anna Jewczynko
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camilla Urbaniak
- ZIN Technologies Inc., Middleburg Heights, OH 44130, USA
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Coatings Deposited by a Spray Process: Mechanical Properties, Scratch and Wear Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020347. [PMID: 35054753 PMCID: PMC8780176 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase the lifetime of metallic molds and protect their surface from wear, a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) polymer was coated onto a stainless-steel (SS304) substrate, using an air spray process followed by a heat treatment. The microstructural properties of the coating were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) as well as X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and adhesion behavior were analyzed via a nanoindentation test and progressive scratching. According to the results, the FEP coating had a smooth and dense microstructure. The mechanical properties of the coatings, i.e., the hardness and Young’s modulus, were 57 ± 2.35 and 1.56 ± 0.07 GPa, respectively. During scratching, successive delamination stages (initiation, expansion, and propagation) were noticed, and the measured critical loads LC1 (3.36 N), LC2 (6.2 N), and LC3 (7.6 N) indicated a high adhesion of the FEP coating to SS304. The detailed wear behavior and related damage mechanisms of the FEP coating were investigated employing a multi-pass scratch test and SEM in various sliding conditions. It was found that the wear volume increased with an increase in applied load and sliding velocity. Moreover, the FEP coating revealed a low friction coefficient (around 0.13) and a low wear coefficient (3.1 × 10−4 mm3 N m−1). The investigation of the damage mechanisms of the FEP coating showed a viscoelastic plastic deformation related to FEP ductility. Finally, the coating’s resistance to corrosion was examined using electrochemical measurements in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The coating was found to provide satisfactory corrosion protection to the SS304 substrate, as no corrosion was observed after 60 days of immersion.
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21
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Rattanapunya S, Deethae A, Woskie S, Kongthip P, Matthews KR. Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. in Orange Orchards in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:246. [PMID: 35010506 PMCID: PMC8751150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread indiscriminate application of antibiotics to food crops to control plant disease represents a potential human health risk. In this study, the presence of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci associated with workers and orange orchard environments was determined. A total of 20 orchards (orange and other fruits) were enrolled in the study. Trees in the orange orchards were treated with ampicillin on a pre-determined schedule. Environmental samples (n = 60) included soil, water, and oranges; 152 hand and nasal samples were collected from 76 healthy workers. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined for all staphylococcal isolates. RESULTS This investigation revealed that of the total Staphylococcus spp. recovered from the orange orchard, 30% (3/10) were resistant to erythromycin, 20% (2/10) were resistant to ampicillin, and 20% (2/10) resistant to both erythromycin and ampicillin. CONCLUSION The application of antibiotics to orange trees in open production environments to halt the spread of bacterial disease presents risks to the environment and creates health concerns for Thai farmers using those agents. ARB on crops such as oranges may enter the global food supply and adversely affect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwalee Rattanapunya
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
| | - Aomhatai Deethae
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand;
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Pornpimol Kongthip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Karl R. Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
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22
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Guéneau V, Rodiles A, Piard JC, Frayssinet B, Castex M, Plateau-Gonthier J, Briandet R. Capture and Ex-Situ Analysis of Environmental Biofilms in Livestock Buildings. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010002. [PMID: 35056451 PMCID: PMC8777997 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little information about biofilm microbial communities on the surface of livestock buildings is available yet. While these spatially organized communities proliferate in close contact with animals and can harbor undesirable microorganisms, no standardized methods have been described to sample them non-destructively. We propose a reproducible coupon-based capture method associated with a set of complementary ex-situ analysis tools to describe the major features of those communities. To demonstrate the biofilm dynamics in a pig farm building, we analyzed the coupons on polymeric and metallic materials, as representative of these environments, over 4 weeks. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed a rapid coverage of the coupons with a thick layer of biological material and the existence of dispersed clusters of active metabolic microorganisms. After detaching the cells from the coupons, counts to quantify the CFU/cm2 were done with high reproducibility. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region shows bacterial diversity profiles in accordance with reported bacteria diversity in pig intestinal ecosystems and reveals differences between materials. The coupon-based methodology allows us to deepen our knowledge on biofilm structure and composition on the surface of a pig farm and opens the door for application in different types of livestock buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgile Guéneau
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.G.); (J.-C.P.)
- Lallemand SAS, 31702 Blagnac, France; (A.R.); (B.F.); (M.C.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Ana Rodiles
- Lallemand SAS, 31702 Blagnac, France; (A.R.); (B.F.); (M.C.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Piard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.G.); (J.-C.P.)
| | | | - Mathieu Castex
- Lallemand SAS, 31702 Blagnac, France; (A.R.); (B.F.); (M.C.); (J.P.-G.)
| | | | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.G.); (J.-C.P.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Chan CW, Sun H, Wang Y, Zhao Z, O'Neill R, Siu SY, Chu X, Banaei N, Ren K. "Barcode" cell sensor microfluidic system: Rapid and sample-to-answer antimicrobial susceptibility testing applicable in resource-limited conditions. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113516. [PMID: 34330036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods have been proposed to contain clinical antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and preserve the effectiveness of remaining antimicrobials. However, far fewer methods have been proposed to test AMR in resource-limited conditions, such as for frequent safety screenings of water/food/public facilities, urgent surveys of massive samples during a pandemic, or AMR tests in low-income countries. Rapid AST methods realized thus far have a variety of drawbacks when used for such surveys, e.g., high cost and the requirement of expensive instruments such as microscopy. A more reasonable strategy would be to screen samples via onsite testing first, and then send any sample suspected to contain AMR bacteria for advanced testing. Accordingly, a cost-efficient AST is demanded, which can rapidly process a large number of samples without using expensive equipment. To this end, current work demonstrates a novel "barcode" cell sensor based on an adaptive linear filter array as a fully automatic and microscope-free method for counting very small volumes of cells (~1.00 × 104 cells without pre-incubation), wherein suspended cells concentrate into microbars with length proportional to the number of cells. We combined this sensor with an on-chip culture approach we had demonstrated for rapid and automated drug exposure and realized a low-cost and resource-independent platform for portable AST, from which results can be obtained simply through a cell phone. This method has a much shorter turnaround time (2-3 h) than that of standard methods (16-24 h). Thanks to its microscopy-free analysis, affordability, portability, high throughput, and user-friendliness, our "barcode" AST system has the potential to fulfill the various demands of AST when advanced facilities are not available, making it a promising new tool in the fight against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University. Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University. Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yisu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University. Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University. Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University. Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sin-Yung Siu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University. Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowen Chu
- Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University. Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Department of Pathology Clinical, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University. Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Yao L, Champagne CP, Deschênes L, Raymond Y, Lemay MJ, Ismail A. Effect of the homogenization technique on the enumeration of psychrotrophic bacteria in food absorbent pads. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 187:106275. [PMID: 34182074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four methods were tested for enumerating bacteria present in the absorbent pads (AP) used in packaging chicken and other meats. Viable counts were ascertained at day 0 and day 7 (d0 and d7, respectively). Sampling bacterial cells from AP were carried out using a countertop blender, Stomacher, sonication, and blender in combination to sonication. The release of bacterial cells by breaking down the AP with the blender resulted in the highest CFU counts. At d0, a bacterial recovery rate of 94% was obtained with the blender, while the recovery rates using Stomacher or sonication alone were 58% and 73%, respectively. At d7, the Stomacher treatment also gave the lowest colony forming unit (CFU) values in the AP incubated at 7 °C. Sonication of the AP prior to homogenization with the blender did not increase CFU counts. Results suggested that breaking down the AP with a blender gives higher CFU levels than the Stomacher, which is the most commonly used technique for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yao
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McDonald College of McGill University, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Claude P Champagne
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
| | - Louise Deschênes
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Yves Raymond
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Lemay
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Ashraf Ismail
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McDonald College of McGill University, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Gebremedhin EZ, Hirpa G, Borana BM, Sarba EJ, Marami LM, Kelbesa KA, Tadese ND, Ambecha HA. Listeria Species Occurrence and Associated Factors and Antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes in Beef at Abattoirs, Butchers, and Restaurants in Ambo and Holeta in Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1493-1504. [PMID: 33907427 PMCID: PMC8064612 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s304871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Listeriosis is one of the globally distributed foodborne diseases with the highest fatality rate. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify Listeria species, assess factors for contamination of beef, and antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes in Ambo and Holeta towns, Central Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 450 meat samples were collected from abattoirs (n=150), butchers (n=150), and restaurants (n=150) for isolation and identification of Listeria species. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the occurrence of Listeria species in meat and potential risk factors. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using the Kirby Bauer test. RESULTS The overall occurrence of Listeria species in Ambo and Holeta towns was 28.4% (128/450; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.3-32.9%). The isolation rate of Listeria monocytogenes was 4.4%, Listeria ivanovii 2.2%, Listeria seeligeri 1.8%, Listeria welshimeri 3.8%, Listeria innocua 6.2%, and Listeria grayi 10.2%. The probability of contamination of meat in butchers and restaurants was higher in Holeta than Ambo [OR=3.4; 95%; p=0.001], in dry than wet season [OR=5.2; p=0.009], and where the hygiene of cutting boards was poor (OR=7.7; p=0.008). Of the 20 Listeria monocytogenes isolates, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 55% were resistant to oxacillin, amikacin, and nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, respectively. The Listeria monocytogenes isolates were 95%, 90%, and 85% susceptible to amoxicillin, vancomycin, and clindamycin, respectively. About 95% of Listeria monocytogenes isolates were multidrug-resistant. One isolate (5%) had developed resistance to 10 classes of antimicrobial drugs. CONCLUSION Listeria species are widespread and study towns, season, and hygiene of cutting boards are independent predictors of isolation of Listeria species. Multidrug resistance among Listeria monocytogenes was very high. Therefore, adequate cooking of meat, regular training of beef handlers, prudent use of drugs, and further molecular studies on Listeria species are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Gadisa Hirpa
- Department of Biology, Ambo Preparatory School, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Bizunesh Mideksa Borana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Edilu Jorga Sarba
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Lencho Megersa Marami
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Abdisa Kelbesa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Desalegn Tadese
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Hirut Abebe Ambecha
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
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A. AL-Aejr H, S. Al-Sowa N, Abd El-Raz M. Heavy Microbial Load in the Work Environment, Utensils and Surfaces of Domestic Kitchens. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 21:38-44. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2021.38.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Ríos-Castillo AG, Ripolles-Avila C, Rodríguez-Jerez JJ. Evaluation of bacterial population using multiple sampling methods and the identification of bacteria detected on supermarket food contact surfaces. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bertelsen CV, Franco JC, Skands GE, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE. Investigating the Use of Impedance Flow Cytometry for Classifying the Viability State of E. coli. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6339. [PMID: 33172055 PMCID: PMC7664255 DOI: 10.3390/s20216339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria detection, counting and analysis is of great importance in several fields. When viability plays a major role in decision making, the counting of colony-forming units grown on agar plates remains the gold standard. However, because plate counts depend on the growth of the bacteria, it is a slow procedure and only works with culturable species. Impedance flow cytometry (IFC) is a promising technology for particle detection, counting and characterization. It relies on the perturbation of an electric field by particles flowing through a microfluidic channel. The perturbation is directly related to the electrical properties of the particles, and therefore provides information about their composition and structure. In this work we investigate whether IFC can be used to differentiate viable cells from inactivated cells. Our findings demonstrate that the specific viability state of the bacteria has to be considered, but that with proper characterization thresholds, IFC can be used to classify bacterial viability states. By using three different inactivation methods-ethanol, heat and autoclavation-we have been able to show that the impedance response of Escherichia coli depends on its viability state, but that the specific response depends on the inactivation method. With these findings we expect to be able to optimize IFC for more reliable bacteria detection and counting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vinther Bertelsen
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.C.F.); (M.D.); (W.E.S.)
- SBT Instruments A/S, Symfonivej 37, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Julio César Franco
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.C.F.); (M.D.); (W.E.S.)
| | | | - Maria Dimaki
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.C.F.); (M.D.); (W.E.S.)
| | - Winnie Edith Svendsen
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.C.F.); (M.D.); (W.E.S.)
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Malheiro JF, Oliveira C, Cagide F, Borges F, Simões M, Maillard JY. Surface Wiping Test to Study Biocide -Cinnamaldehyde Combination to Improve Efficiency in Surface Disinfection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217852. [PMID: 33113903 PMCID: PMC7660177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disinfection is crucial to control and prevent microbial pathogens on surfaces. Nonetheless, disinfectants misuse in routine disinfection has increased the concern on their impact on bacterial resistance and cross-resistance. This work aims to develop a formulation for surface disinfection based on the combination of a natural product, cinnamaldehyde, and a widely used biocide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The wiping method was based on the Wiperator test (ASTM E2967−15) and the efficacy evaluation of surface disinfection wipes test (EN 16615:2015). After formulation optimization, the wiping of a contaminated surface with 6.24 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli or 7.10 log10 CFU of Staphylococcus aureus led to a reduction of 4.35 log10 CFU and 4.27 log10 CFU when the wipe was impregnated with the formulation in comparison with 2.45 log10 CFU and 1.50 log10 CFU as a result of mechanical action only for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Furthermore, the formulation prevented the transfer of bacteria to clean surfaces. The work presented highlights the potential of a combinatorial approach of a classic biocide with a phytochemical for the development of disinfectant formulations, with the advantage of reducing the concentration of synthetic biocides, which reduces the potentially negative environmental and public health impacts from their routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F. Malheiro
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3NB, UK
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.O.); (F.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.O.); (F.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.O.); (F.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.O.); (F.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.-Y.M.); Tel.: +35-1225081654 (M.S.); +44-(0)29-2087-9088 or +44-(0)29-2087-4149 (J.-Y.M.)
| | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3NB, UK
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.-Y.M.); Tel.: +35-1225081654 (M.S.); +44-(0)29-2087-9088 or +44-(0)29-2087-4149 (J.-Y.M.)
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Ferone M, Gowen A, Fanning S, Scannell AGM. Microbial detection and identification methods: Bench top assays to omics approaches. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3106-3129. [PMID: 33337061 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens, spoilage microbes, and other biological contaminants in complex food matrices is essential to maintain food quality and ensure consumer safety. Traditional methods involve culturing microbes using a range of nonselective and selective enrichment methods, followed by biochemical confirmation among others. The time-to-detection is a key limitation when testing foods, particularly those with short shelf lives, such as fresh meat, fish, dairy products, and vegetables. Some recent detection methods developed include the use of spectroscopic techniques, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight along with hyperspectral imaging protocols.This review presents a comprehensive overview comparing insights into the principles, characteristics, and applications of newer and emerging techniques methods applied to the detection and identification of microbes in food matrices, to more traditional benchtop approaches. The content has been developed to provide specialist scientists a broad view of bacterial identification methods available in terms of their benefits and limitations, which may be useful in the development of future experimental design. The case is also made for incorporating some of these emerging methods into the mainstream, for example, underutilized potential of spectroscopic techniques and hyperspectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Ferone
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Gowen
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amalia G M Scannell
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Jansson L, Akel Y, Eriksson R, Lavander M, Hedman J. Impact of swab material on microbial surface sampling. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 176:106006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Caraballo Guzmán A, González Hurtado MI, Cuesta-Astroz Y, Torres G. Metagenomic characterization of bacterial biofilm in four food processing plants in Colombia. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1259-1267. [PMID: 32221908 PMCID: PMC7455661 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria inside biofilms are more persistent and resistant to stress conditions found in the production environment of food processing plants, thus representing a constant risk for product safety and quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize, using 16S rRNA sequencing, the bacterial communities from biofilms found in four food processing plants (P1, P2, P3, and P4). In total, 50 samples from these four processing plants were taken after cleaning and disinfection processes. Four phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroides represented over 94% of the operational taxonomic units found across these four plants. A total of 102 families and 189 genera were identified. Two genera, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., were the most frequently found (93.47%) across the four plants. In P1, Pseudomonas spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were the dominant genera, whereas Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were identified in P2. On the other hand, biofilms found in P3 and P4 mainly consisted of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. Our results indicate that different bacterial genera of interest to the food industry due to their ability to form biofilm and affect food quality can coexist inside biofilms, and as such, persist in production environments, representing a constant risk for manufactured foods. In addition, the core microbiota identified across processing plants evaluated was probably influenced by type of food produced and cleaning and disinfection processes performed in each one of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arley Caraballo Guzmán
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, CES University, Carrera 43A # 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Colombia
| | | | - Yesid Cuesta-Astroz
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, CES University, Carrera 43A # 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Colombia
| | - Giovanny Torres
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, CES University, Carrera 43A # 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Colombia
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Abstract
This study provides the first assessment of monitoring cultivable and viable microorganisms on surfaces within a submerged, closed, analog habitat. The results of the analyses presented herein suggest that the surface material plays a role in microbial community structure, as the microbial populations differed between LDP and metal/glass surfaces. The metal/glass surfaces had less-complex community, lower bioburden, and more closely resembled the controls. These results indicated that material choice is crucial when building closed habitats, even if they are simply analogs. Finally, while a few species were associated with previously cultivated isolates from the International Space Station and MIR spacecraft, the majority of the microbial ecology of the submerged analog habitat differs greatly from that of previously studied analog habitats. Microbial contamination during long-term confinements of space exploration presents potential risks for both crew members and spacecraft life support systems. A novel swab kit was used to sample various surfaces from a submerged, closed, analog habitat to characterize the microbial populations. Samples were collected from various locations across the habitat which were constructed from various surface materials (linoleum, dry wall, particle board, glass, and metal), and microbial populations were examined by culture, quantitative PCR (qPCR), microbiome 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and shotgun metagenomics. Propidium monoazide (PMA)-treated samples identified the viable/intact microbial population of the habitat. The cultivable microbial population ranged from below the detection limit to 106 CFU/sample, and their identity was characterized using Sanger sequencing. Both 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing were used to characterize the microbial dynamics, community profiles, and functional attributes (metabolism, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance). The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed abundance of viable (after PMA treatment) Actinobacteria (Brevibacterium, Nesternkonia, Mycobacterium, Pseudonocardia, and Corynebacterium), Firmicutes (Virgibacillus, Staphylococcus, and Oceanobacillus), and Proteobacteria (especially Acinetobacter) on linoleum, dry wall, and particle board (LDP) surfaces, while members of Firmicutes (Leuconostocaceae) and Proteobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) were high on the glass/metal surfaces. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling determined from both 16S rRNA and metagenomic analyses revealed differential microbial species on LDP surfaces and glass/metal surfaces. The shotgun metagenomic sequencing of samples after PMA treatment showed bacterial predominance of viable Brevibacterium (53.6%), Brachybacterium (7.8%), Pseudonocardia (9.9%), Mycobacterium (3.7%), and Staphylococcus (2.1%), while fungal analyses revealed Aspergillus and Penicillium dominance. IMPORTANCE This study provides the first assessment of monitoring cultivable and viable microorganisms on surfaces within a submerged, closed, analog habitat. The results of the analyses presented herein suggest that the surface material plays a role in microbial community structure, as the microbial populations differed between LDP and metal/glass surfaces. The metal/glass surfaces had less-complex community, lower bioburden, and more closely resembled the controls. These results indicated that material choice is crucial when building closed habitats, even if they are simply analogs. Finally, while a few species were associated with previously cultivated isolates from the International Space Station and MIR spacecraft, the majority of the microbial ecology of the submerged analog habitat differs greatly from that of previously studied analog habitats.
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Comparative study of microbiological transfer from four materials used in direct contact with apples. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108780. [PMID: 32682208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several materials such as plastic, wood, cardboard or stainless steel are used as working surfaces or packaging in direct contact with foodstuffs. In food industries, the hygienic surface status is one of the criteria to product conform packaging as described in the European regulation ECR 1935/2004. Today in European Union, it exists one harmonized regulation specific for Food Contact material made of plastic called EU N°10/2011 (Anonymous 2011a). This regulation specifies that materials intended for safe foodstuff contact must not modify food characteristics in terms of chemical, microbiological and sensorial properties. This study aims to compare the survival and transfer of Penicillium expansum conidia and Escherichia coli cells from several materials to apples. Poplar, cardboards, newly manufactured plastic and reusable plastic specimens were artificially inoculated with both microorganisms, subsequently put in contact with apples and stored under realistic storage conditions. After incubation for up to 1 week, apples and specimens were analysed to assess the survival of the microorganisms and their transfer from materials to apples. While P. expansum survived and did not grow on any of the materials, E. coli mortality was observed after 1 h on wood and cardboard and after 1 week on both plastics. The proportion of microorganisms transferred was different according to the considered material. This transfer was lower than 1% for wood.
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35
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Faille C, Brauge T, Leleu G, Hanin A, Denis C, Midelet G. Comparison of the performance of the biofilm sampling methods (swab, sponge, contact agar) in the recovery of Listeria monocytogenes populations considering the seafood environment conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 325:108626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jones SL, Gibson KE. Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Environmental Monitoring Tools for the Recovery and Release of Viruses. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2020; 12:158-166. [PMID: 32086770 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. FDA Food Safety Modernization Act Preventive Controls for Human Food Rule emphasizes the importance of an effective environmental monitoring (EM) program. This study aims to characterize polyurethane foam (PUF) EM tools-currently used in the food industry for the recovery of bacteria from food contact surfaces-for their efficacy in the release and recovery of human enteric viruses. Two viruses (human norovirus [hNoV] and Tulane virus [TV]) were compared at varying inoculum levels, with two EM tools (PUF swab and sponge), two delayed processing times (24 h and 72 h), and one surface type (stainless steel [SS]). Specifically, the objectives were to (1) determine the ability of PUF devices to release viruses for detection and (2) assess the ability of PUF devices to recover viruses from SS surfaces. For TV release from the sponge, there was a significant difference (p = 0.0064) when compared across inoculum level (105 plaque forming unit [PFU]/sponge vs. 102 PFU/sponge). Release of hNoV at a single inoculum level by PUF sponge and swab was compared resulting in a significant difference (p < 0.0001). Data on recovery of TV from SS surfaces using both the sponge and swab indicate significant differences depending on the inoculum level. Recovery of hNoV from SS surfaces differed significantly (p = 0.0030) between the sponge and swab devices. Overall, the study provides a detailed characterization of two commercially available, PUF-based EM tools, and the differences identified in this study can be used to improve the efficacy of EM tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Jones
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Kristen E Gibson
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA.
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Di Ciccio P, Rubiola S, Grassi MA, Civera T, Abbate F, Chiesa F. Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in the Presence of Resident Cheese Microbiota on Common Packaging Materials. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:830. [PMID: 32499762 PMCID: PMC7243358 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Literature data regarding the survival of microorganisms on materials used for food package purposes are scarce. The aim of the current study is to assess the survival of Listeria monocytogenes on different packaging materials for dairy products during extended storage at different temperatures. Three packaging materials (5 × 5 cm) were contaminated with a cocktail of five strains of Listeria monocytogenes suspended in a cheese homogenate, including the cheese's native microbial population. Contaminated samples were incubated at 37°, 12°, and 4°C and periodically analyzed up to 56 days. The evolution of the total viable count and pathogen population was evaluated. At 37°C, the results showed that Listeria monocytogenes was no longer detected on polyethylene-coated nylon (B) by day 4 and on polyethylene-coated parchment (A) and greaseproof paper (C) by day 7. Interestingly, the initial cell population (ranging between 2.5 and 2.7 log CFU/cm2) of Listeria monocytogenes increased to 3 log CFU/cm2 within 4 days of storage at 12°C on A and C. During storage, the number remained fairly constant at 12°C and 4°C on two materials (A-C) and decreased slowly on the third one (B). This study shows that survival of Listeria monocytogenes on packaging materials for dairy products will be higher when stored at 4 or 12°C compared to 37°C. The survival of Listeria monocytogenes on the packaging materials raises concerns of cross-contamination during food handling and preparation at catering and retail premises and within the home, highlighting the importance of treating the packaging materials as a potential source of cross-contamination. These initial findings may aid in quantifying risks associated with contamination of food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selene Rubiola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Civera
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario della Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Liu G, Zhang Y, Liu X, Hammes F, Liu WT, Medema G, Wessels P, van der Meer W. 360-Degree Distribution of Biofilm Quantity and Community in an Operational Unchlorinated Drinking Water Distribution Pipe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5619-5628. [PMID: 32259432 PMCID: PMC7203839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, triplicate rings of 360° pipe surfaces of an operational drinking water distribution pipe were swabbed. Each ring was equally divided into 16 parts for swabbing. The collected swabs were grouped into 3 sections and compared with the biofilm samples sampled by sonication of specimens from the same pipe. The results showed that the biofilm is unevenly distributed over the 16 parts and the 3 sections of the pipe surface. Both the active biomass and the number of observed OTUs increased as the measurements proceeded from the top to the bottom of the pipe. The bacterial community was dominated in all sections by Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Nitrospira spp., Terrimonas spp., and Hyphomicrobium spp. were dominant in all sections. Gaiella spp. and Vicinamibacter spp. dominated in S-I, Blastopirellula spp. and Pirellula spp. dominated in S-II, while Holophaga spp. and Phaeodactylibacter spp. dominated in S-III. When swabbing and pipe specimen sonication were compared, the results showed that the sampling strategy significantly influences the obtained biofilm bacterial community. A consistent multisectional swabbing strategy is proposed for future biofilm sampling; it involves collecting swabs from all sections and comparing the swabs from the same position/section across locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre
for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- Oasen
Drinkwater, P.O. Box
122, 2801SB, Gouda, The Netherlands
- Sanitary
Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600GA Delft, The Netherlands
- Phone: 0086 17600879707; e-mail: ,
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Catalysis
Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Hammes
- Eawag,
Swiss
Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gertjan Medema
- Sanitary
Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering
and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600GA Delft, The Netherlands
- KWR
Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wessels
- Oasen
Drinkwater, P.O. Box
122, 2801SB, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Walter van der Meer
- Oasen
Drinkwater, P.O. Box
122, 2801SB, Gouda, The Netherlands
- Science
and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Munir MT, Pailhories H, Eveillard M, Irle M, Aviat F, Dubreil L, Federighi M, Belloncle C. Testing the Antimicrobial Characteristics of Wood Materials: A Review of Methods. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E225. [PMID: 32370037 PMCID: PMC7277147 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some wood species have antimicrobial properties, making them a better choice over inert surfaces in certain circumstances. However, the organic and porous nature of wood raises questions regarding the use of this material in hygienically important places. Therefore, it is reasonable to investigate the microbial survival and the antimicrobial potential of wood via a variety of methods. Based on the available literature, this review classifies previously used methods into two broad categories: one category tests wood material by direct bacterial contact, and the other tests the action of molecules previously extracted from wood on bacteria and fungi. This article discusses the suitability of these methods to wood materials and exposes knowledge gaps that can be used to guide future research. This information is intended to help the researchers and field experts to select suitable methods for testing the hygienic safety and antimicrobial properties of wood materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tanveer Munir
- Laboratoire Innovation Matériau Bois Habitat Apprentissage (LIMBHA), Ecole Supérieure du Bois, 7 rue Christian Pauc, 44306 Nantes, France; (M.T.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Hélène Pailhories
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, SFR 4208, Université d’Angers, 49933 Angers, France;
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, CHU Angers, 49933 Angers, France;
| | - Matthieu Eveillard
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, CHU Angers, 49933 Angers, France;
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes and Université d’Angers, 44200 Nantes, France
| | - Mark Irle
- Laboratoire Innovation Matériau Bois Habitat Apprentissage (LIMBHA), Ecole Supérieure du Bois, 7 rue Christian Pauc, 44306 Nantes, France; (M.T.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Florence Aviat
- Your ResearcH-Bio-Scientific, 307 la Gauterie, 44430 Le Landreau, France;
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, F-44307 Nantes, France;
| | - Michel Federighi
- UMR INRA 1014 SECALIM, Oniris, route de Gachet, CS 40706, 44307 Nantes cedex 03, France;
| | - Christophe Belloncle
- Laboratoire Innovation Matériau Bois Habitat Apprentissage (LIMBHA), Ecole Supérieure du Bois, 7 rue Christian Pauc, 44306 Nantes, France; (M.T.M.); (M.I.)
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Soliman MYM, van Halem D, Medema G. Virus removal by ceramic pot filter disks: Effect of biofilm growth and surface cleaning. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 224:113438. [PMID: 31978734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic pot filters are household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) systems designed to improve the microbial quality of drinking water. They yield high log reduction values (LRVs) for bacterial and protozoan pathogens but provide very little removal of viruses. This study investigated virus removal of ceramic filter discs (CFDs), using feed water with 3 different nutrient levels under extended continuous operation and limited cleaning frequency. The results show that filter use without cleaning resulted in biofilm growth and MS2 LRV values increased with increasing feed water nutrient content. Cleaning the filter surface by scrubbing led to a partial or total loss in improved LRVs, indicating the importance of this biological top layer to the removal of MS2. Overall, the removal capacity of a matured biofilm remained constant, regardless of its age. MS2 LRVs ranged between 0.9 ± 0.2 LRV for low nutrient (LN), 1.6 ± 0.2 LRV for medium nutrient (MN) and 2.4 ± 0.5 LRV for high nutrient (HN) biofilms. Interestingly, a change in feed conditions for the HN filters resulted in an unprecedented high LRV of >4 LRV, which supports further investigation of the mechanistic role of biofilms in virus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Y M Soliman
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Doris van Halem
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Gertjan Medema
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, the Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
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41
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Lo MY, Ngan WY, Tsun SM, Hsing HL, Lau KT, Hung HP, Chan SL, Lai YY, Yao Y, Pu Y, Habimana O. A Field Study Into Hong Kong's Wet Markets: Raised Questions Into the Hygienic Maintenance of Meat Contact Surfaces and the Dissemination of Microorganisms Associated With Nosocomial Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2618. [PMID: 31781084 PMCID: PMC6861454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions every day purchase their raw meat in wet markets around the globe, especially in Hong Kong city, where modern and a traditional way of living is made possible. While food hygiene standards in Hong Kong have more recently focused on the safety of meat sold in these wet markets, the hygienic surface level of wooden cutting boards used for processing meats is seldom observed. This original study performed microbial community profiling, as well as isolating and identifying various strains multiple wooden cutting boards from nine wet markets located on Hong Kong Island. Our study also investigated the efficiency of scraping the surface of cutting boards as a traditional cleaning technique in Hong Kong. Results indicate that these hygienic practices are inefficient for guarantying proper surface hygiene as some most tested cutting boards were found to harbor microbial species typically associated with hospital nosocomial infections, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Further analysis also led to discovering the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) among isolated strains. Our results showcase the significance and effects of cross-contamination in Hong Kong wet markets, especially with regards to the potential spreading of clinically-relevant strains and ARGs on food processing surfaces. This study should, therefore, serve as a basis to review current hygienic practices in Hong Kong's wet market on a larger scale, thereby improving food safety and ultimately, public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Habimana
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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Ball C, Felice V, Ding Y, Forrester A, Catelli E, Ganapathy K. Influences of swab types and storage temperatures on isolation and molecular detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Pathol 2019; 49:106-110. [PMID: 31587573 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1675865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Routine diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is performed by collecting oropharyngeal swabs, followed by isolation and/or detection by molecular methods. The storage temperature, storage duration and the type of swab could be critical factors for successful isolation or molecular detection. The aim of this study was to compare the influence of different types of cotton-tipped swab stored at different temperatures, on the detection of MG and MS. To achieve this, combined use of traditional culture analysis (both agar and broth), with modern molecular detection methods was utilized. Performances of wooden and plastic shaft swabs, both without transport medium, were compared. Successful culture of M. gallisepticum was significantly more efficient from plastic swabs when compared to wooden, whereas no difference was seen for the re-isolation of M. synoviae. Storage at 4°C compared to room temperature also increased the efficiency of culture detection for both Mycoplasma species. When stored at room temperature, PCR detection limits of both MG and MS were significantly lower for wooden compared to plastic swabs. The qPCR data showed similar detection limits for both swab types when stored at both temperatures. The results suggest that swabs with a plastic shaft are preferred for MG and MS detection by both culture and PCR. While a lower storage temperature (4°C) is optimal for culture recovery, it seems that both temperatures investigated here are adequate for molecular detection and it is the swab type which carries a greater influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ball
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Viviana Felice
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Yichao Ding
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Forrester
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Kannan Ganapathy
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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Safety Evaluation of Individual Pillboxes to Control Cross-Contamination in the Drug Circuit in Hospitals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203878. [PMID: 31614938 PMCID: PMC6843434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the potential role of pillboxes used for the preparation and delivery of individual daily medical treatments in the drug circuit of the Military Instruction Hospital (France) as reservoirs of bacterial contaminants. Samples were obtained from 32 pillboxes after decontamination (T1), after preparation in the pharmacy (T2), after use in two different medical units (T3), and again after usual mechanical washing (T4). Qualitative (identification and antibiotic susceptibility) and quantitative (contamination rate and number of colony forming units-CFUs) bacteriological tests were performed. Susceptible and resistant strains of environmental saprophytes were identified. The pillbox contamination rate was relatively low at T1 (13%). It was significantly increased at T2 (63%, p = 0.001 vs. T1), again at T3 (88%, p < 0.05 vs. T2, p < 0.001 vs. T1), and finally decreased dramatically at T4 (31%, p < 0.001 vs. T3, p > 0.05 vs. T1). The number of CFUs was significantly increased at T2 compared with that of T1 (36.7 ± 13.4 and 5.36 ± 3.64, respectively, p < 0.001) and again at T3 (84.4 ± 19.4, p < 0.001 vs. T1 and T2) and was significantly reduced at T4 (7.0 ± 2.0 vs. T3, p < 0.001) to a level that was not significantly different from that at T1. So, the use of pillboxes to deliver individual medications to patients in the hospital is a potential risk factor for bacterial cross-contamination.
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Hemmatian T, Kim J. Quantification Methods for Textile-Adhered Bacteria: Extraction, Colorimetric, and Microscopic Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1666. [PMID: 31614838 PMCID: PMC6835282 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of bacteria adhered on porous, multi-layered fibers is a challenging task. The goal of this study is to compare different assessment procedures on counting textile-adhered bacteria, and to guide relevant analytical techniques. Three different methods were compared in measuring the amount of Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhered to polymeric film and fibrous nonwovens. In the extraction method, the adhered bacteria were released with the assistance of surfactant/enzyme, where the measurement was rather reproducible. For colorimetric method, stained bacteria enabled direct visualization without needing to detach cells from the surface, yet the linearity of color absorbency to cell counts was limited. The microscopic analysis provided direct observation of bacterial distribution over the surface, but accurate quantification was not possible for porous, fibrous surfaces. This study intends to help choosing a suitable test method to accurately quantify the textile-adhered bacteria, as well as broadly impact the research on anti-bioadhesive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Hemmatian
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jooyoun Kim
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Lee SY, Lee DY, Kim OY, Hur SJ. Analysis for change in microbial contents in five mixed Kimchi starter culture and commercial lactic acid bacterial-fermented sausages and biological hazard in manufacturing facilities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:787-794. [PMID: 31093436 PMCID: PMC6484038 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare change in microbial contents between sausages with five mixed Kimchi starter culture (T1) and commercial lactic acid bacterial (LAB) (T2) during fermentation, and to screen manufacturing facilities for microbial condition. For T1 and T2, pH levels decreased at 7 days and increased at 14 days. For color, the lightness of T1 decreased at 7 days (36.50 ± 6.04) and slightly increased at 14 days (38.40 ± 4.35). In addition, T1 and T2 were observed decrement of redness and increment of yellowness during ripening. Mold, yeast, and LAB were detected, whereas pathogenic bacteria were not detected in both sausages (T1 and T2) and screening manufacturing facilities. Taken together, five mixed Kimchi starter culture fermented sausage was similar to commercial LAB-fermented sausage, and this study could be used to information as basic data biological hazard for HACCP system in fermented sausage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - On You Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi 17546 Republic of Korea
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Ripolles-Avila C, Hascoët A, Martínez-Suárez J, Capita R, Rodríguez-Jerez J. Evaluation of the microbiological contamination of food processing environments through implementing surface sensors in an iberian pork processing plant: An approach towards the control of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Ripolles-Avila C, Cervantes-Huaman B, Hascoët A, Yuste J, Rodríguez-Jerez J. Quantification of mature Listeria monocytogenes biofilm cells formed by an in vitro model: A comparison of different methods. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 289:209-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jones SL, Ricke SC, Keith Roper D, Gibson KE. Swabbing the surface: critical factors in environmental monitoring and a path towards standardization and improvement. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:225-243. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1521369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Jones
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - D. Keith Roper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kristen E. Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Mkhungo MC, Oyedeji AB, Ijabadeniyi OA. Food safety knowledge and microbiological hygiene of households in selected areas of Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. Ital J Food Saf 2018; 7:6887. [PMID: 30046551 PMCID: PMC6036997 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2018.6887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the level of food safety knowledge and practices during food handling and preparation at household level in selected areas in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Fifty households were selected to participate based on their monthly income, age and educational level. Samples of raw foods were randomly collected from the participating households for microbial analyses. Swabs from food contact surfaces were also collected and analyzed for the presence of pathogens. Difference in demographic data regarding food safety knowledge was tested using chi-square and microbial counts were statistically analyzed (P<0.05). Knowledge of proper cold storage temperature was found to be inadequate as over 70% of respondents had no idea of their cold storage temperatures. High risk of cross contamination was observed due to improper thawing, packaging of meat with other ready to eat foods and poor food contact material handling. Microbial analyses of raw food samples showed the presence of aerobic spore formers (1.08-1.89 log cfu/mL), anaerobic spore formers (0.29-1.83 log cfu/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.31-3.96 log cfu/mL). Contact surfaces were also positive for Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli. Food safety knowledge and proper food handling practices were found to be inadequate in the areas studied and urgent intervention is required to prevent fatal incidences of food borne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mveli Cyril Mkhungo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa
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