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Fernandes RM, Carino ACC, Almeida ATD, Fernandes MIDCD, Leopoldino SKDM, Gomes CST, Nelson ARC, Lira ALBDC. Middle-Range theory of the nursing diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle in young adults. Rev Bras Enferm 2024; 77:e20230516. [PMID: 39258612 PMCID: PMC11382669 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a middle-range theory for the nursing diagnosis of Sedentary Lifestyle in young adults. METHODS A methodological study for the validation of a nursing diagnosis based on a Middle-Range Theory, carried out in six stages: definition of the approach; definition of theoretical-conceptual models; definition of main concepts; development of a pictorial scheme; construction of propositions; establishment of causal relationships and evidence for practice. The theory construction was operationalized through an integrative review and supported by Roy's adaptation model. RESULTS Three essential attributes were identified; 10 antecedents; 7 clinical consequences; a pictogram, 9 propositions, and 11 causal relationships and evidence for practice. CONCLUSION The middle-range theory for the nursing diagnosis of Sedentary Lifestyle in young adults was constructed, expanding the understanding of this phenomenon, to be applied in clinical practice by nurses.
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Carino ACC, Fernandes RM, Almeida ATD, Frazão CMFDQ, Kluczynik CEN, Lira ALBDC. Mid-range theory of the nursing diagnosis Overweight. Rev Bras Enferm 2024; 77:e20230372. [PMID: 38896713 PMCID: PMC11178306 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To build a mid-range theory for the nursing diagnosis Overweight in adolescents and young adults. METHODS A methodological study in the light of the theoretical frameworks of Roy and of Lopes, Silva and Herdman. A total of 3,925 articles were retrieved and assessed using the State of the Art Through Systematic Review software. The final sample consisted of 28 articles. RESULTS The findings converged to 3 essential attributes, 13 antecedents, and 7 consequences. A mid-range theory was built consisting of an illustrated diagram, 11 propositions, and 12 causal relationships. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS From the creation of the theory, it was possible to better understand the nursing diagnosis Overweight within the context of adolescents and young adults. Understanding nursing phenomena contributes to nursing science's advancement and strengthening.
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Mukoma G, Bosire EN, Klingberg S, Norris SA. Healthy eating and physical activity: Analysing Soweto's young adults' perspectives with an intersectionality lens. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001429. [PMID: 37467201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are taking a toll on Africa's youth at younger ages than in other regions. These are attributed to risk factors that usually advance in adolescence, such as unhealthy diets and reduced physical activity. Young adults in South Africa, particularly women, tend to be sedentary, consume energy-dense diets low in micronutrients, and are more likely to develop NCDs much earlier in life than those in high-income countries. With an intersectionality perspective, this study explored young adults' barriers and solutions to addressing these risk factors in Soweto. SETTING Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, is one of the most well-known historically disadvantaged townships known for its established communities, and socioeconomic and cultural diversity. Design: A qualitative investigation utilising focus group discussions (FGDs) with a topic guide. FGDs were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using a combination of deductive and inductive approaches. PARTICIPANTS 15 Men and 15 women 18-24 years of age living in Soweto (n = 30). Results: South African young adults have a basic understanding of the significance of nutrition, exercise, and their ties to health. However, numerous barriers (like taste, affordability and crime) to such behaviours were reported, arising from the participants' personal, domestic, social, and local community levels. Young women experienced sexism and had safety concerns while exercising in the streets, while young men tended to describe themselves as lazy to engage in exercise as they find it boring. CONCLUSIONS Young adults face a multitude of intersecting barriers, making it difficult to adopt or sustain health-promoting behaviours. It is important that potential solutions focus on the intersections of barriers to healthy eating and physical activity in order to provide more realistic support for such behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudani Mukoma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biokinetics, Recreation and Sports Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Edna N Bosire
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sonja Klingberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Paediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Cristi-Montero C, Martínez-Flores R, Porras F, Sadarangani KP, Ferrari G, Aguilar-Farias N, Silva ICM, Reyes-Amigo T, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F. A comparative study between traditional and sports school uniforms on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and waist-height-to-ratio in adolescents. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1213403. [PMID: 37457263 PMCID: PMC10349179 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1213403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Improving health of children and adolescents is crucial for their overall development. Therefore, it is essential to explore factors that may influence their health at both the public health and school system levels. Objective This study compares physical fitness components and waist-height-to-ratio (WHtR) in adolescents according to school uniforms, namely the traditional uniform (i.e., shirt and school necktie in boys and skirt and blouse in girls) and the sports uniform (i.e., polo shirts or t-shirts and sport or short trousers). Additionally, it seeks to investigate potential differences in these measures based on sex and school type (i.e., public, subsidized, and private). Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the Chilean national learning outcome assessment system (SIMCE)-2014 and involved 8,030 adolescents. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) were measured. WHtR was assessed as a health cardiovascular indicator. Mixed models and ANCOVA were performed to compare uniform types, adjusting for multiple covariates. value of p and effect size (ES) was used to establish significant results. Results Overall, sports uniforms (SU) were linked to higher CRF (p < 0.001) than the traditional uniform (TU). Boys from private schools wearing SU presented higher CRF (p = 0.016; ES = 0.37), and a positive trend was observed for MF (p = 0.645; ES = 0.21). In subsidized, a trend was found in CRF (p = 0.005; ES = 0.16). Girls wearing SU from private schools showed a positive trend in CRF (p = 0.167; ES = 0.28). Trends in WHtR were found in both sexes from private (p = 0.555; ES = 0.24; p = 0.444; ES = 0.25, respectively). Conclusion Wearing SU seems a promissory alternative to promote healthy physical fitness and body composition at the educational level. However, the relationship between higher physical activity and CRF, MF, and lower WHtR due to SU must be verified. Finally, when deciding to implement this measure, special attention must be paid to boys from public schools and girls from all types of schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Flores
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Porras
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Inacio Crochemore M. Silva
- Escola Superiorde Educação Física, Programa de Pós Graduação emEducação Física, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tomas Reyes-Amigo
- Observatório de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Departamemto de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaiso, Chile
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Zhou P, Zhang W, Kim Y, Meng H. Effects of Low- and High-Frequency Cardiac Rehabilitation on Risk Factors, Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged Women with Coronary Heart Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040550. [PMID: 37110208 PMCID: PMC10143020 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a system that comprehensively manages risk factors to reduce the recurrence rate after cardiovascular disease treatment. This study compared the effects of home-based low-frequency CR (1-2 times/week) and center-based high-frequency CR (3-5 times/week) for 12 weeks. This study was conducted as an observational case-control study. Ninety women, ages 45 to 60, who underwent coronary artery stenting were enrolled. Measurement variables were waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides (TG), glucose, VO2 peak, body composition, and quality of life. Significant changes were observed in systolic BP, TC, LDLC, TG, VO2 peak, exercise duration, and quality of life in both groups. However, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, HDLC, and blood glucose only exhibited significant changes with HFT. The interaction effects according to time and group were as follows: systolic BP, waist circumference, body fat, BMI, HDLC, and glucose (p < 0.05). Therefore, in CR participants, HFT improved more than LFT on obesity factors, HDLC, and glucose change. As well as center-based HFT, home-based LFT also improved risk factors for cardiovascular disease, fitness, and quality of life. For female patients who have difficulty visiting the CR center frequently, home-based LFT may be a CR program that can be presented as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, General Graduate School, Yongin University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Wangyang Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Main Campus, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Physical Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
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Draper CE, Thwala N, Slemming W, Lye SJ, Norris SA. Development, Implementation, and Process Evaluation of Bukhali: An Intervention from Preconception to Early Childhood. GLOBAL IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 3:31-43. [PMID: 37006596 PMCID: PMC10007644 DOI: 10.1007/s43477-023-00073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative, an international consortium developed in partnership with the World Health Organization, is addressing childhood obesity from a life-course perspective. It hypothesises that an integrated complex intervention from preconception, through pregnancy, infancy and early childhood, will reduce childhood adiposity and non-communicable disease risk, and improve child development. As part of the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative in South Africa, the Bukhali randomised controlled trial is being conducted with 18-28-year-old women in Soweto, where young women face numerous challenges to their physical and mental health. The aims of this paper were to describe the intervention development process (including adaptations), intervention components, and process evaluation; and to highlight key lessons learned. Intervention materials have been developed according to the life-course stages: preconception (Bukhali), pregnancy (Bukhali Baby), infancy (Bukhali Nana; birth-2 years), and early childhood (Bukhali Mntwana, 2-5 years). The intervention is delivered by community health workers, and includes the provision of health literacy resources, multi-micronutrient supplementation, in-person health screening, services and referral, nutrition risk support, SMS-reminders and telephonic contacts to assist with behaviour change goals. A key adaption is the incorporation of principles of trauma-information care, given the mental health challenges faced by participants. The Bukhali process evaluation is focussing on context, implementation and mechanisms of impact, using a mixed methods approach. Although the completion of the trial is still a number of years away, the documentation of the intervention development process and process evaluation of the trial can provide lessons for the development, implementation, and evaluation of such complex life-course trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43477-023-00073-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomsa Thwala
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wiedaad Slemming
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen J. Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Global Health Research Unit, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Mukoma G, Norris SA, Chikowore T. Nutrient Patterns and Body Mass Index: A Comparative Longitudinal Analysis in Urban Black South African Adolescents and Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051075. [PMID: 36904075 PMCID: PMC10004796 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We set out to evaluate the association between nutrient patterns and general adiposity in black South African adolescents and adults and to determine whether the interactions are longitudinally sustained over 24 months. METHODS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to derive the nutrient patterns of 750 participants (250 adolescents between 13 and 17 years old and 500 adults who were 27 years or 45+ years old). PCA was applied to 25 nutrients, computed from the quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) over a 24 months period. RESULTS The nutrient patterns between adolescents and adults were similar over time; however, their associations with BMI were different. Among the adolescents, only the "plant-driven nutrients pattern" was significantly associated with a 0.56% (95% CI (0.33; 0.78); p < 0.001) increase in BMI. Among the adults, the "plant-driven nutrient pattern" (0.43% (95% CI (0.03; 0.85); p < 0.001) and the "fat-driven nutrients pattern" (0.18% (95% CI (0.06; 0.29); p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a BMI increase. Furthermore, the "plant-driven nutrient pattern", "fat-driven nutrient pattern" and the animal-driven nutrient pattern revealed sex differences in their association with BMI. CONCLUSION Urban adolescents and adults had consistent nutrient patterns, but their BMI relationships changed with age and gender, an important finding for future nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudani Mukoma
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1862, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-799037819
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1862, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1862, South Africa
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Najafi F, Moradinazar M, Rezayan S, Azarpazhooh R, Jamshidi P. Identifying factors associated with of blood pressure using Structural Equation Modeling: evidence from a large Kurdish cohort study in Iran. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:334. [PMID: 36581825 PMCID: PMC9801602 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the risk factors leading to hypertension can help explain why some populations are at a greater risk for developing hypertension than others. The present study seeks to identify the association between the risk factors of hypertension in 35- to 65-year-old participants in western Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 9705 adults from baseline data of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study, in the west region of Iran. Each of the latent variables were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we assessed the direct and indirect effects of factors associated with blood pressure. RESULTS Socioeconomic status (SES), physical activity, mean of serum lipids, obesity, diabetes and family history of hypertension had a diverse impact on the blood pressure, directly and (or) indirectly. The standardized total effect of SES, physical activity, mean of serum lipids, and obesity were -0.09 vs. -0.14, -0.04 vs. -0.04, 0.13 vs. 0.13 and 0.24 vs. 0.15 in men and women, respectively. Diabetes had a direct relationship with the blood pressure in women (0.03). CONCLUSION With regard to control of high blood pressure, public health interventions must target obesity, lifestyle and other risk related to nutritional status such as hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in Iranian population and among those with higher SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezayan
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Azarpazhooh
- Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Parastoo Jamshidi
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Correlates of Physical Activity Among Adults in Botswana: Sociodemographic Factors, Health Status, and Body Image. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:599-606. [PMID: 35985646 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence of lower physical activity (PA), higher sedentary behavior, and prevalence of overweight and obesity in African countries calls for more research on PA behavior and its various correlates in this context. This study examined the proportion of adults meeting World Health Organization PA guidelines from 3 urban regions of Botswana, as well as the relationship among sociodemographic factors, body image, and participation in moderate to vigorous PA. METHODS Using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling approach, cross-sectional data were collected from 699 participants (females = 66%; M = 32.60 y; SD = 11.96). RESULTS Overall, 45.8% of participants met World Health Organization PA guidelines. Censored regression analyses indicated that females (B = -221.573, P < .001), and individuals from middle- (B = -331.913, P < .001), and high-income (B = -165.185, P = .036) households spent significantly less minutes in moderate to vigorous PA per week. Evaluative (B = -333.200, P < .001) and affective (B = -158.753, P = .038) components of body image were associated with significantly less minutes spent in moderate to vigorous PA per week. CONCLUSIONS A systematic approach to PA promotion that targets females, middle- to high-income groups, and individuals experiencing body image concerns is needed.
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MICKLESFIELD LISAK, WESTGATE KATE, SMITH ANTONIA, KUFE CLEMENTN, MENDHAM AMYE, LINDSAY TIM, WIJNDAELE KATRIEN, GOEDECKE JULIAH, BRAGE SOREN. Physical Activity Behaviors of a Middle-Age South African Cohort as Determined by Integrated Hip and Thigh Accelerometry. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1493-1505. [PMID: 35658390 PMCID: PMC9390235 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Descriptive studies of objectively measured physical activity behaviors in African populations are rare. We developed a method of combining hip and thigh accelerometery signals to quantify and describe physical behaviors in middle-age South African men and women. METHODS We integrated signals from two triaxial accelerometers worn simultaneously during free-living, in a subsample of the Middle-age Soweto Cohort ( n = 794; mean (SD) age, 53.7 (6.3) yr). Acceleration time series from the accelerometers were combined and movement-related acceleration was derived using Euclidean Norm Minus One (in milligrams), to determine total movement volume (mean Euclidean Norm Minus One) and nonmovement time (<28 m g ), light-intensity physical activity (LPA; 28-85 m g ), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA; >85 m g ); thigh pitch angle and a sleep diary were used to divide nonmovement time (in minutes per day) into sleep, awake sitting/lying, and standing. Sociodemographic factors were self-reported, and weight and height were measured. RESULTS Mean (SD) wear time was 128 (48) h. Movement volume was 15.0 (6.5) m g for men and 12.2 (3.4) m g for women. Men spent more time in MVPA and sitting/lying, whereas women spent more time standing. Age was inversely associated with movement volume, MVPA, and LPA. When compared with their normal-weight counterparts, men who were overweight or obese spent less time in MVPA, whereas women who were overweight or obese spent less time in LPA and more time sitting/lying. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with total movement volume, MVPA, and time spent sleeping, and positively associated with time spent sitting/lying, in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Integrating signals from hip and thigh accelerometers enables characterization of physical behaviors that can be applied in an African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- LISA K. MICKLESFIELD
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - KATE WESTGATE
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - ANTONIA SMITH
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - CLEMENT N. KUFE
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - AMY E. MENDHAM
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - TIM LINDSAY
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - KATRIEN WIJNDAELE
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - JULIA H. GOEDECKE
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - SOREN BRAGE
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
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Draper CE, Cook CJ, Redinger S, Rochat T, Prioreschi A, Rae DE, Ware LJ, Lye SJ, Norris SA. Cross-sectional associations between mental health indicators and social vulnerability, with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in urban African young women. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:82. [PMID: 35818066 PMCID: PMC9272865 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships between mental health and multiple health behaviours have not been explored in young South African women experiencing social constraints. The aim of this study was to identify associations between mental health indicators and risk factors with physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, amongst young women living in Soweto, a predominantly low-income, urban South African setting. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, baseline measurements for participants (n = 1719, 18.0-25.9 years old) recruited for the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative were used including: physical activity, sedentary behaviour (sitting, screen and television time), sleep (duration and quality), depression and anxiety indicators, emotional health, adverse childhood experiences, alcohol-use risk; social vulnerability, self-efficacy, and social support. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses showed that depression (β = 0.161, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = 0.126, p = 0.001), adverse childhood experiences (β = 0.076, p = 0.014), and alcohol-use risk (β = 0.089, p = 0.002) were associated with poor quality sleep. Alcohol-use risk was associated with more screen time (β = 0.105, p < 0.001) and television time (β = 0.075, p < 0.016). Social vulnerability was associated with lower sitting time (β = - 0.187, p < 0001) and screen time (β = - 0.014, p < 0.001). Higher self-efficacy was associated with more moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (β = 0.07, p = 0.036), better-quality sleep (β = - 0.069, p = 0.020) and less television time (β = - 0.079, p = 0.012). Having no family support was associated with more sitting time (β = 0.075, p = 0.022). Binomial logistic regression analyses supported these findings regarding sleep quality, with anxiety and depression risk doubling the risk of poor-quality sleep (OR = 2.425, p < 0.001, OR = 2.036, p = 0.003 respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to our understanding of how mental health indicators and risk factors can be barriers to health behaviours of young women in Soweto, and that self-efficacy and social support can be protective for certain of these behaviours for these women. Our results highlight the uniqueness of this setting regarding associations between mental health and behaviours associated with non-communicable diseases risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Caylee J Cook
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Redinger
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tamsen Rochat
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Alessandra Prioreschi
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dale E Rae
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa J Ware
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Global Health Research Unit, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Teixeira da Silva AC, Chagas Gerônimo de Lima CC, de Oliveira Prado Sousa B, Dos Santos MA, Pillon SC, Souza ALTD. Tobacco and alcohol consumption and health behaviors among nursing students. AVANCES EN ENFERMERÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.92408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objetive: To evaluate the association between attitudes, health behaviors, and the use of tobacco and alcohol among nursing students.
Materials and method: Exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with 182 undergraduate nursing students in the countryside of São Paulo, Brazil. Sociodemographic Information Form, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – C(AUDIT-C), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Attitudes and Health Behaviors Questionnaire (AHBQ), and Patient Health Questionnaire – 2 (PHQ-2) were applied.
Results: More than half of the students showed appropriate health behaviors and positive attitudes. Approximately 50% of the participants had consumed alcoholic beverages in the last month. Experimental use of illicit drugs and smoking were also observed. In addition, students who reported excessive alcohol use presented a deficit in self-care.
Conclusion: The precariousness in health attitudes and behaviors identified in this study was associated with various patterns of psychoactive substance use. Thus, the results indicate the need for interventions aimed at promoting well-being and a healthy lifestyle in the university environment.
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Mukoma G, Wrottesley SV, Kagura J, Oni T, Micklesfield L, Norris SA. The relationships between socioeconomic status, dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity with adiposity in urban South African women. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2076374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gudani Mukoma
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephanie V Wrottesley
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juliana Kagura
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Tolu Oni
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa Micklesfield
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute for Developmental Science and Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Cohen E, Amougou N, Ponty A, Guerrien M, Wakenge W, Chidumwa G, Said-Mohamed R, Fezeu LK, Pasquet P. Direct and Indirect Determinants of Body Mass Index in Both Major Ethnic Groups Experiencing the Nutritional Transition in Cameroon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6108. [PMID: 35627645 PMCID: PMC9141336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the context of rapid nutritional transitions in Africa, few studies have analyzed the etiology of obesity by considering the driver pathways that predict body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study is to innovatively identify these driver pathways, including the main sociodemographic and socioecological drivers of BMI. We conducted a rural-urban quantitative study in Cameroon (n = 1106; balanced sex ratio) to explore this issue. We recruited participants and reported several sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., marital status, socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity). We then assessed three main socioecological drivers of BMI (body weight perception, dietary intake, and physical activity) and conducted bioanthropometric measurements. We identified several driver pathways predicting BMI. In Cameroon, Bamiléké ethnicity, higher SES, being married, and older age had positive effects on BMI through overweight valorization and/or dietary intake. Accordingly, we found that being Bamiléké, married, and middle-aged, as well as having a higher SES, were factors that constituted at-risk subgroups overexposed to drivers of obesity. As such, this study highlights the necessity of investigating the complex driver pathways that lead to obesity. Therefore, better identification of the subgroups at risk for obesity will help in developing more targeted population health policies in countries where this burden is a major public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cohen
- UMR7206 Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l’Homme, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.W.); (P.P.)
- SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (G.C.); (R.S.-M.)
| | - Norbert Amougou
- UMR7206 Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l’Homme, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Amandine Ponty
- UMR7206 Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l’Homme, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Margaux Guerrien
- UMR7206 Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l’Homme, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Wakilongo Wakenge
- UMR7206 Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l’Homme, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Glory Chidumwa
- SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (G.C.); (R.S.-M.)
| | - Rihlat Said-Mohamed
- SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (G.C.); (R.S.-M.)
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Human, Social and Political Science, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Léopold K. Fezeu
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, University of Paris 13, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 93017 Bobigny, France;
| | - Patrick Pasquet
- UMR7206 Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l’Homme, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; (A.P.); (M.G.); (W.W.); (P.P.)
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Prioreschi A, Norris SA. Describing correlates of early childhood screen time and outdoor time in Soweto, South Africa. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prioreschi
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Shane A. Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University of Southampton Southampton UK
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Hypertension determinants among Ghanaians differ according to location of residence. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1010-1018. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prioreschi A, Ware LJ, Draper CE, Lye S, Norris SA. Contextualising individual, household and community level factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake and screen time in Soweto, South Africa. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2032901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prioreschi
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa J Ware
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen Lye
- Department of Physiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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18
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Melo RSB, Carmo CDSD, Ribeiro CCC, Soeiro VMDS, Caldas ADJM. Associação do comportamento ativo, índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial e citocinas inflamatórias em adolescentes. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2022.35129.0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução A inatividade física está associada à obesidade, inflamação crônica e ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo Investigar a associação do comportamento ativo, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) com os níveis séricos de interleucinas inflamatórias em adolescentes. Métodos Estudo transversal de base populacional de adolescentes da rede pública de São Luís, Maranhão. Construiu-se um modelo teórico, baseado na Modelagem com Equações Estruturais, para explorar os efeitos da variável latente “comportamento ativo” ajustada para a situação socioeconômica e sexo com efeitos no IMC, PAD e carga inflamatória. Resultados O comportamento ativo foi associado aos menores valores de PAD (coeficiente padronizado (CP) = -0,146; p = 0,029), enquanto o maior IMC foi associado a maiores valores de PAD (CP = 0,177; p < 0,001). Para os maiores valores do comportamento ativo houve maior carga inflamatória (CP = 0,442; p < 0,001) e o maior IMC foi associado à maior carga inflamatória (CP = 0,145;p = 0,025). Sexo feminino teve maior carga inflamatória (CP = 0,282; p < 0,001). Houve um efeito indireto para o sexo feminino nos menores valores de carga inflamatória via redução do comportamento ativo (CP = -0,155; p < 0,001). Conclusão O comportamento ativo reduz os níveis pressóricos em adolescentes, enquanto o aumento das citocinas inflamatórias induzidas pelo comportamento ativo pode estar envolvido na sua resposta anti-inflamatória para a prevenção de doenças.
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Foley L, Brugulat-Panés A, Woodcock J, Govia I, Hambleton I, Turner-Moss E, Mogo ERI, Awinja AC, Dambisya PM, Matina SS, Micklesfield L, Abdool Karim S, Ware LJ, Tulloch-Reid M, Assah F, Pley C, Bennett N, Pujol-Busquets G, Okop K, Anand T, Mba CM, Kwan H, Mukoma G, Anil M, Tatah L, Randall L. Socioeconomic and gendered inequities in travel behaviour in Africa: Mixed-method systematic review and meta-ethnography. Soc Sci Med 2022; 292:114545. [PMID: 34802781 PMCID: PMC8783052 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Travel has individual, societal and planetary health implications. We explored socioeconomic and gendered differences in travel behaviour in Africa, to develop an understanding of travel-related inequity. We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019124802). In 2019, we searched MEDLINE, TRID, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Global Health, Africa Index Medicus, CINAHL and MediCarib for studies examining travel behaviour by socioeconomic status and gender in Africa. We appraised study quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. We synthesised qualitative data using meta-ethnography, followed by a narrative synthesis of quantitative data, and integrated qualitative and quantitative strands using pattern matching principles. We retrieved 103 studies (20 qualitative, 24 mixed-methods, 59 quantitative). From the meta-ethnography, we observed that travel is: intertwined with social mobility; necessary to access resources; associated with cost and safety barriers; typified by long distances and slow modes; and dictated by gendered social expectations. We also observed that: motorised transport is needed in cities; walking is an unsafe, 'captive' mode; and urban and transport planning are uncoordinated. From these observations, we derived hypothesised patterns that were tested using the quantitative data, and found support for these overall. In lower socioeconomic individuals, travel inequity entailed reliance on walking and paratransit (informal public transport), being unable to afford travel, travelling less overall, and travelling long distances in hazardous conditions. In women and girls, travel inequity entailed reliance on walking and lack of access to private vehicles, risk of personal violence, societally-imposed travel constraints, and household duties shaping travel. Limitations included lack of analytical rigour in qualitative studies and a preponderance of cross-sectional quantitative studies (offering a static view of an evolving process). Overall, we found that travel inequity in Africa perpetuates socioeconomic and gendered disadvantage. Proposed solutions focus on improving the safety, efficiency and affordability of public transport and walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Foley
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | - James Woodcock
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ian Hambleton
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Ebele R I Mogo
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip M Dambisya
- Health Policy and Systems Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sostina Spiwe Matina
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lisa Micklesfield
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Safura Abdool Karim
- SAMRC Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lisa Jayne Ware
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marshall Tulloch-Reid
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Felix Assah
- Health of Populations in Transition (HoPiT) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Caitlin Pley
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Bennett
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Georgina Pujol-Busquets
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kufre Okop
- Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), ESSM, FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Social Science Research (CSSR), Faculty of Humanities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tanmay Anand
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Camille M Mba
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Haowen Kwan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gudani Mukoma
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Megha Anil
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lambed Tatah
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Randall
- SAMRC Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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20
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Melo RSB, Carmo CDSD, Ribeiro CCC, Soeiro VMDS, Caldas ADJM. Association of active behavior, body mass index, blood pressure and inflammatory cytokine in adolescents. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2022.35129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Physical inactivity is associated with obesity, chronic inflammation and the occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To investigate the association of active behavior, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with serum levels of inflammatory interleukins in adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional population-based study of adolescents from public schools in São Luís, Maranhão. A theoretical model was built, based on Structural Equation Modeling, to explore the effects of the latent variable “active behavior” adjusted for socioeconomic status and gender, with effects on BMI, DBP and inflammatory load. Results Active behavior was associated with lower DBP values (standardized coefficient (SC) = -0.146; p = 0.029), while higher BMI was associated with higher DBP values (SC = 0.177; p < 0.001). For the highest values of active behavior there was a higher inflammatory load (SC = 0.442; p < 0.001); and a higher BMI was associated with a higher inflammatory burden (SC = 0.145; p = 0.025). Female gender had a higher inflammatory burden (SC = 0.282; p < 0.001). There was an indirect effect for females on lower inflammatory load values via reduction in active behavior (SC = -0.155; p < 0.001). Conclusion Active behavior reduces blood pressure levels in adolescents; while the increase in inflammatory cytokines induced by active behavior may be involved in their anti-inflammatory response for disease prevention.
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Physical Activity Levels, Food Insecurity and Dietary Behaviours in Women from Soweto, South Africa. J Community Health 2021; 46:156-164. [PMID: 32562221 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Women in Soweto in their prime reproductive years (18-25 years) report being exposed to an obesogenic environment that makes it difficult to lead a healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to determine individual and community level predictors of these behaviours, as well as whether these behaviours were related to obesity status. Women (n = 1698) were recruited from their households as part of a survey study. Physical activity and sitting time was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Participants were asked how frequently they used street vendors in a normal month, and dietary practices in the home and food insecurity were assessed using a questionnaire. Height and weight were measured. Individual and community level predictors were included in a series of linear regressions with either activity behaviours, or dietary practices as the outcomes. BMI was then treated as the outcome in a multinomial logistics regression. The majority of participants were normal weight, yet 44% were overweight or obese. Most participants were meeting the physical activity guidelines, yet less than half participated in leisure time physical activity. Most participants were meeting the sitting time guidelines, yet TV time was high. Age was positively associated with being overweight (ß = 0.145, p < 0.01) or obese (ß = 0.179, p < 0.01). Street vendor use was negatively associated with being obese (ß = - 0.236, p < 0.05), as was the community area in which women lived (ß = - 0.1098, p < 0.05). Both physical activity and sedentary behaviours were positively associated with higher socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status was also negatively related to food insecurity and dietary behaviours. The environment in which young women live plays a significant role in the development of certain health behaviours, as well as in obesity prevalence.
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Arinda IK, Sserwanja Q, Nansubuga S, Mukunya D, Akampereza P. Factors Associated with Over-Nutrition Among Men 15-54 years in Uganda: A National Survey. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211016833. [PMID: 34035652 PMCID: PMC8132092 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211016833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the prevalence of overweight and obesity are on the rise. Data on overweight and obesity among men are scarce. Objective We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with over-nutrition among men in Uganda. Methods We used Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2016 data of 5,408 men aged 15 to 45 years. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants and data were collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with over-nutrition among 15 to 54-year-old men in Uganda. Results The prevalence of over nutrition was 9.1%, where that of overweight was 7.9% (95% CI 7.2-8.7 and obesity was1.2% (95% CI 0.9-1.5). Men who were aged 25 to 34 (AOR = 3.28; 95% CI: 1.92-5.59), 35-44 (AOR = 4.51; 95% CI: 2.61-7.82) and 45 to 54 (AOR = 4.28; 95% CI: 2.37-7.74) were more likely to have over-nutrition compared to those aged 15 to 24 years. Married men (AOR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.49-3.99) were 2 times more likely to have over-nutrition than men who were not married. Men in the central region (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.22-2.60) were 1.78 times more likely to have over-nutrition than men in the northern region. Men who were in the richest wealth index quintiles were 10 times more likely to have over-nutrition compared to those in the poorest wealth index quintile (AOR = 9.38: 95 % CI 5.14-17.10). Conclusion The factors associated with over-nutrition among Ugandan men in our study were increasing age, marital status, increasing wealth and region of origin. This shows the need for measures to abate the regional development inequalities, need to promote physical activity among older men and need to improve on the knowledge of nutrition and dietetic practices for married couples and men of different social classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kato Arinda
- Department of Nutrition Research, Nutri-worth International. Kampala, Uganda
| | - Quraish Sserwanja
- Department of Monitoring and Evaluation, Doctors with Africa, CUAMM, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Sylvia Nansubuga
- Directorate of Medical Services, Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Uganda
| | - David Mukunya
- Department of Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Phiona Akampereza
- Nutrition Department, Action Against Hunger-USA, Bibi Bibi Refugee Settlement, Yumbe, Uganda
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Blackshear TB, Seyfried L. Does Education Close the Black-White Physical Activity and Obesity Gaps? JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:222-226. [PMID: 31765289 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1657122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate physical activity patterns and body mass index (BMI) among black and white women in college to determine if attending college acts as a catalyst for sustaining physical activity and for closing the black-white physical activity and obesity gaps. Participants/Methods: 111 undergraduate women (black N = 42; white N = 69) aged 18-25 volunteered to wear Fitbit ZipTM activity trackers for 7 days. Height and weight measurements were used to compute BMI. Results: White women had higher levels of physical activity, lower weight status, and lower BMIs than black women. Conclusions: Racial disparities were evident; however, both groups had low to moderate levels of physical activity. Required physical education programing that targets women in college could lead to sustained physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey Seyfried
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
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Alshammari SA, AlDhayan AZ, Saad Al-essa OM, Alosaimi MM, Al-badr BM, Ali AB, Ajlan QA. Challenges to lifestyle modification of chronic disease patients attending primary health care centers in Riyadh. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:6186-6193. [PMID: 33681062 PMCID: PMC7928105 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1037_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of chronic diseases is increasing due to the global pandemic of inactivity and an unhealthy diet. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the dietary habits, physical activities of the participants, and challenges facing them to adapt to a healthy lifestyle. METHODOLOGY The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study on chronic disease patients attending primary health care centers in Riyadh from January to March 2018. The estimated sample size was 250 patients. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. RESULT The mean age of the 250 participants was 35.3 years old. The Overweight and obese participants accounted for 67.2% of the sample (mean BMI = 28.0). Two-thirds of the participants depend mainly on rice or pasta for their diet, and 48.4-52.0% eat fruits and vegetables less than three times a week. About 50% of the participants perceived a lack of information, skills, motivation, and family or friends support as a barrier to a healthy diet. Also, (56.4%) of males and (67.8%) of females are physically inactive. Accessibility, cost, and the hot climate were physical activity obstacles in more than 60% of the respondents. Optimal BMI showed a significant association with increased physical activity P = 0.04. CONCLUSION Physical inactivity and consuming a non-balanced diet are common. So awareness campaigns of the benefit of a healthy lifestyle besides increasing physical exercise facilities, installing environmental changes, and subsidizing sports gyms would encourage people to be more physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A. Alshammari
- The Health Promotion and Health Education Research Chair, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Z. AlDhayan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M. Saad Al-essa
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed M. Alosaimi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr M. Al-badr
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas B. Ali
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qusay A. Ajlan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Student, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Draper CE, Prioreschi A, Ware LJ, Lye S, Norris SA. Pilot implementation of Bukhali: A preconception health trial in South Africa. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120940542. [PMID: 32685150 PMCID: PMC7346699 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120940542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This article describes the learnings from the pilot phase of the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative, a preconception health trial for 18- to 25-year-old women in Soweto, South Africa. Methods The study compares two arms focussed on either physical and mental health (intervention; delivered by community health workers - 'Health Helpers') or standard of care plus (control; standard access to healthcare plus additional telephonic input on 'life skills'; delivered by call centre assistants). These are collectively referred to as Bukhali. Data on the pilot implementation of the Bukhali trial (n = 1655) were collected from (1) weekly team meetings, (2) two focus groups (one with the intervention team Health Helpers, n = 7; one with intervention participants, n = 8) and one paired interview with control call centre assistants (n = 2), (3) notes from eight debrief sessions with Health Helpers and (4) quantitative trial monitoring data. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results The findings clustered within three themes: (1) challenges for young women in Soweto, (2) priorities for young women in Soweto and (3) implementation challenges and perceptions of the intervention. Challenges were mostly related to tough socioeconomic circumstances and less prioritisation of living a healthier life. The priorities of employment and educational opportunities reflected the socioeconomic challenges, where health was not recognised as priority. The main challenge to participation and compliance with the trial was that young women in Soweto generally wanted a tangible and preferably financial and immediate benefit. Community peer sessions, despite being recommended by young women as part of the intervention development, were not successful. Many women also moved between multiple households within Soweto, which flagged concerns for a cluster trial and risk of contamination. Conclusion Preconception health trials should consider socioeconomic challenges present in urban poor contexts. Learnings from the pilot phase significantly affected the design and implementation of the main Bukhali trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Draper
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Prioreschi
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L J Ware
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S A Norris
- South African Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gjestvang C, Stensrud T, Hansen BH, Kolle E, Haakstad LA. Are fitness club members likely to meet the current physical activity recommendations? TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gjestvang
- Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sports Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sports Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Bjørge H. Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sports Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sports Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Lene A.H. Haakstad
- Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sports Sciences Oslo Norway
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Draper CE, Bosire E, Prioreschi A, Ware LJ, Cohen E, Lye SJ, Norris SA. Urban young women's preferences for intervention strategies to promote physical and mental health preconception: A Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI). Prev Med Rep 2019; 14:100846. [PMID: 31008026 PMCID: PMC6458479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to qualitatively investigate young women's preferences for preconception intervention strategies to promote physical and mental health in a rapidly transitioning, urban setting. Four semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted with young women (n = 29, 18–24 years old) from Soweto, South Africa. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. Two main themes were identified: 1) challenges and needs of intervention beneficiaries; and 2) preferences for intervention strategies (content and delivery). The challenges participants mentioned could be classified as those relating to social pressure, identity, and socioeconomic circumstances. Mental health support appeared to be a greater need than physical health, and this featured in their preferences for intervention content, although a number of physical health topics were also mentioned (healthy eating and contraception). Participants had mixed preferences for intervention materials, ranging from printed to electronic and mobile resources. Their preferences for intervention activities ranged from educational sessions, to fun and interactive practical activities, and activities they could take home. Community health workers (CHWs) were the preferred agent of delivery for interventions, though participants emphasised the importance of CHWs having appropriate interpersonal skills and own life experience. Some women preferred one-on-one sessions with a CHW, while others preferred group sessions. While recognising the value of family sessions, young women were less enthusiastic about this approach. These findings provide valuable formative data for developing effective interventions to optimise young women's preconception health in urban Africa. These contextual realities should be acknowledged when addressing key physical and mental health issues facing young women. Social pressure is a major challenge for young women in urban South Africa. Mental health should be a key feature of preconception interventions. Community health workers are the preferred agent of delivery in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Draper
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E Bosire
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Prioreschi
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L J Ware
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E Cohen
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S J Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S A Norris
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gradidge PJL, Kruger HS. Comparing beverage consumption, physical activity and anthropometry among young adult urban- and rural-dwelling African women. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2018.1540212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge
- Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herculina Salome Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Research Unit, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Prioreschi A, Brage S, Westgate K, Micklesfield LK. Describing the diurnal relationships between objectively measured mother and infant physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:59. [PMID: 29940957 PMCID: PMC6020239 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the importance of accumulating sufficient physical activity in the early years is mounting. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal and infant objectively measured physical activity, and to examine the diurnal interactions between these behaviours while accounting for potential covariates. METHODS Mothers and infants (n = 152 pairs; infants aged 3-24 months) were recruited from Soweto, South Africa, and physical activity was measured using a wrist worn accelerometer (Axivity AX3, Axivity Ltd., Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK) for 3-7 days. Mothers completed sleep diaries recording night time-in-bed (used as a proxy for nocturnal sleep status) for themselves and their infant; and reported times during which their infant was in their personal care (caregiver status) for each day during the measurement period. Significant correlates of infant physical activity, as well as the interactions between mother's physical activity, day of the week, sleep status, and caregiver status, were included in panel regression analyses with infant physical activity as the outcome. RESULTS There was an equal distribution of boys and girls, and their age ranged from 2.6 to 24.5 months. The majority of mothers (73%) did not spend any time apart from their infant. During weekdays, the combined effect of mother's physical activity (β=0.11), the interactions between mother's physical activity and caregiver status (β=0.17), and sleep status (β= - 0.04) on infant physical activity was β=0.24; while during weekend days this association was β=0.21; and was largely moderated by the interaction between the mother being with the infant and her activity levels (β=0.23), but partly attenuated by mother's physical activity independent of other variables (β= - 0.04). For each hour of the day, for both mother and infant, peaks of physical activity were higher when the mother was not the primary caregiver. CONCLUSIONS Infant physical activity levels were strongly associated with their mother's activity levels particularly during the week; this relationship was stronger when mothers were more active while looking after their infant. Mothers should be encouraged to be active when looking after their children, particularly during the week, and to provide infants with as much opportunity to be active as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prioreschi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa K. Micklesfield
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gradidge PJL, Norris SA, Munthali R, Crowther NJ. Influence of socioeconomic status on changes in body size and physical activity in ageing black South African women. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2018; 15:6. [PMID: 29725487 PMCID: PMC5921976 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-018-0196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of obesity in sub-Saharan African women is not well understood, and black South African women in the region are particularly vulnerable. This study aimed to examine whether the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) with changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) is mediated by physical activity in ageing African women. Methods In a longitudinal analysis of the 518 caregivers associated with the Birth to Twenty Plus study, the role of SES associated with 10-year changes in BMI and WC was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). The degree of mediation of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sitting time in this association was also assessed. Results The prevalence of obesity increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (p < 0.0001). In the SEM models, baseline SES had a direct positive effect on changes in BMI (β, 95% CI, 0.02 (0.005 to 0.04), and a direct negative effect on changes in MVPA (β, 95% CI, - 3.81 (- 6.92 to - 0.70). Baseline MVPA had a direct negative effect (β, 95% CI, - 0.002 (- 0.003 to - 0.0003) and indirect positive effect via change in MVPA (β, 95% CI, 0.01 (0.0001 to 0.001) on change in WC. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the role and interaction of sociodemographic and behavioural predictors of obesity, and suggests a multifaceted approach to management of the crisis in communities of ageing urban African women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge
- 1Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- 2MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Munthali
- 2MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- 3Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Manyema M, Norris SA, Said-Mohamed R, Tollman ST, Twine R, Kahn K, Richter LM. The associations between interpersonal violence and psychological distress among rural and urban young women in South Africa. Health Place 2018; 51:97-106. [PMID: 29579700 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 25% of the world's population consists of young people. The experience of violence peaks during adolescence and the early adult years. A link between personal experience of violence and mental health among young people has been demonstrated but rural-urban differences in these associations are less well known in low to middle income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between interpersonal violence and psychological distress among rural and urban young women. METHODS Data on experiences of violence and psychological distress were collected from a total of 926 non-pregnant young women aged between 18 and 22 years of age in rural and urban sites in South Africa. The General Health Questionnaire-28 was used to assess psychological distress as an indicator of mental health. Generalised structural equation models were employed to assess potential pathways of association between interpersonal violence and psychological distress. RESULTS Thirty-four percent of the urban young women (n = 161) reported psychological distress compared to 18% of rural young women (n = 81). In unadjusted analysis, exposure to interpersonal violence doubled the odds of psychological distress in the urban adolescents and increased the odds 1.6 times in the rural adolescents. In adjusted models, the relationship remained significant in the urban area only (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.13-3.00). Rural residence seemed protective against psychological distress (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.69). Structural equation modelling did not reveal any direct association between exposure to interpersonal violence and psychological distress among rural young women. Stressful household events were indirectly associated with psychological distress, mediated by violence among young women in the urban area. CONCLUSION The relationship between violence and psychological distress differs between urban and rural-residing young women in South Africa, and is influenced by individual, household and community (contextual) factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manyema
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways of Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - S A Norris
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways of Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R Said-Mohamed
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways of Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S T Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - R Twine
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K Kahn
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L M Richter
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Mashinya F, Alberts M, Cook I, Ntuli S. Determinants of body mass index by gender in the Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System site, South Africa. Glob Health Action 2018; 11:1537613. [PMID: 30392446 PMCID: PMC6225484 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1537613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was conducted in the Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System (DHDSS) site where we have observed increasing obesity levels, particularly in women, despite evidence of high physical activity (PA) and a relatively low daily energy intake. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic, behavioural and biological determinants of body mass index (BMI) in adult residents permanently residing in the DHDSS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in which socio-demographic, behavioural and biological characteristics from 1143 participants (aged 40-60 years) were collected using a paper questionnaire and standard anthropometric measures. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was performed on all participants except those who indicated that they had tested positive. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables, respectively, while hierarchical multivariate regression was used to analyze predictors of BMI. RESULTS The median age of women and men was 51 (46-56) and 50 (45-55) years, respectively. The prevalence of overweight-obesity was 76% in women and 21% in men. A significant negative association of BMI with HIV and smoking and a significant positive association with socio-economic status (SES) was observed in both sexes. In women, BMI was negatively associated with sleep duration (p = 0.015) and age (p = 0.012), but positively associated with sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (p = 0.08). In men, BMI was negatively associated with alcohol use (p = 0.016) and positively associated with being married (p < 0.001). PA was not associated with BMI in either sexes. Full models explained 9.2% and 20% of the variance in BMI in women and men, respectively. CONCLUSION BMI in DHDSS adults is not associated with physical inactivity but is associated wealth, marital status, sleep, smoking, alcohol use, and HIV status. Future studies should explore the contribution of nutrition, stunting, psycho-social and genetic factors to overweight and obesity in DHDSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felistas Mashinya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Marianne Alberts
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Ian Cook
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Sam Ntuli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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