1
|
She R, Lin J, Wong KM, Yang X. Cognitive-behavioral statuses in depression and internet gaming disorder of adolescents: A transdiagnostic approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304715. [PMID: 38990809 PMCID: PMC11239029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the comorbidity of adolescent depression and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and their shared and unique cognitive-behavioral factors (i.e., self-esteem, dysfunctional attitudes, hopelessness, and coping), a large-scale school-based survey was conducted among 3147 Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong. Probable depression and IGD were screened using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and DSM-5 IGD checklist, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify the associations between different condition statuses and cognitive-behavioral factors. Four groups were identified, including comorbidity group (having probable depression and IGD), IGD group (having probable IGD alone), depression group (probable depression alone), and healthy group (neither condition). Comorbidity group showed the worst cognitive-behavioral statuses, followed by depression group and then IGD group. Compared with healthy group, those with lower self-esteem and higher hopelessness and dysfunctional attitudes were more likely to be classified into depression group and comorbidity group, while maladaptive coping was positively associated with all three disorder groups. The results suggest that depression and IGD may share common cognitive-behavioral mechanisms (e.g., maladaptive coping) but also own their uniqueness regarding specific factors (e.g., hopelessness and self-esteem). A transdiagnostic intervention approach targeting the common factors may effectively address the comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui She
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxi Lin
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kei Man Wong
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Wang E, Zhang L, Chi X. Internet addiction and depressive symptoms in adolescents: joint trajectories and predictors. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1374762. [PMID: 38894983 PMCID: PMC11183533 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1374762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are common mental health problems in adolescents. Due to the comorbidity of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, their mutual relationship influences their developmental trajectories over time. Thus, this study aimed to identify the joint trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, and examined the individual, family, and school antecedents of these trajectories among Chinese adolescents. Methods Using a battery of self-report scales, three waves of data collection were conducted in a Chinese adolescent sample (N = 1,301). The co-developmental trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms were extracted by adopting parallel-process latent class growth modeling (PPLCGM). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess predictive factors. Results Four unique joint trajectory classes were detected: the Health Group (n = 912, 70.1%), Comorbidity-Worsening Group (n = 85, 6.5%), Asymptomatic-Comorbid Risk Group (n = 148, 11.4%), and Prominent Depressive Symptoms-Remission Group (n = 156, 12.0%). Individual, family, and school factors (e.g., gender, positive youth development, family function, academic performance) significantly predicted the membership in these distinct co-developmental trajectories. Conclusion Our findings illustrate that the joint development of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms among adolescents presents a heterogeneous distribution, which could better inform prevention and intervention strategies since each co-developmental trajectory may represent unique experience for adolescents who need targeted treatment. Various individual, family, and school factors are important predictors that play different roles in distinguishing the joint trajectories of Internet addiction and depressive symptoms during this critical developmental transition period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Enna Wang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Macau, China
- Mental Health Education Center, Yunnan College of Business Management, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang L, Cao Y, Liu Y, Zhu W, Zhou M. Peer effects on rural children's depression: do online games matter? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1707-1720. [PMID: 37553541 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of depression among children and adolescents, understanding the role of peer contagion in the spread of emotional distress is a critical area of research. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of classmates' depression on a rural child's own depression in China (aged 9-17, N = 1777). The study controls for possible endogeneity of peer effects through the instrumental variable method (the Wald F statistic is significant at the 1% level) and random class assignment data (all students and teachers are randomly assigned to classes).The results indicate that when the average depression score of a rural child's classmates increases by 1 point, that child's own depression score is likely to increase by 0.345 points (p value < .01).This study further finds that the contagion of depression among classmates is more severe for girls and children who play online games, and less severe for children who are cheerful and good-humored. Online games may be an important mechanism through which peer effects operate. Children's classmates' negative emotions are found to increase the occurrence of the children's internalizing behavior in online games, in turn increasing the occurrence of negative emotions in these children themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinchuan Cao
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhai Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu Z, Du Y, Hu N, Zhang Y, Li J. Association Between Parental Absence and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Evidence From a National Household Longitudinal Survey. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:405-414. [PMID: 36008499 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal evidence demonstrating the association between parental absence and depressive symptoms in adolescence is limited. The present study aimed to explore this relationship in a Chinese national representative sample. This research was based on the China Family Panel Studies and included 1481 subjects. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the self-reported Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression model with a generalized estimating equation was used to test the association between parental absence and adolescent depressive symptoms. In the baseline year, 2012, 29.03% and 43.75% of adolescents had maternal and paternal absence, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 23.23% to 28.12% in subsequent years. After controlling for covariates, maternal absence was positively associated with depressive symptoms (odds ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.68). Maternal absence led to depression in adolescents. It may be beneficial for adolescents with depression to spend more time with their mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yurun Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Naifan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Immunization Programme, Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu R, Peng LL, Du Y, Feng YW, Xie LS, Shi W, Jia P, Jiang LH, Zhao L. Reciprocal effect between non-suicidal self-injury and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1243885. [PMID: 38274516 PMCID: PMC10808798 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1243885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common psychological and behavioral problem among adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people's mental health. To date, few studies have documented the temporal changes in adolescents' psychological status during the pandemic, as well as the impact of large-scale public health intervention strategies. This study contributes to the existing evidence on the subject. Methods Participants were 6,023 adolescents aged 10 years and older, with data from two waves of longitudinal surveys, including data for a 7-month interval before and during the pandemic. A cross-lagged model was used to test the bidirectional relationship between NSSI and depressive symptoms in adolescents; logistic regression analysis was used to explore the predictors of NSSI implementation in adolescents with depressive symptoms. Results In this study, 32.69% participants reported depressive symptoms at baseline and 34.27% at follow-up; 44.34% participants with depressive symptoms reported NSSI at baseline and 53.44% at follow-up. The duration of the online class, depressed affect, and somatic and related activity were the risk factors for NSSI; sleep duration and positive mood were the protective factors. The lag effect of depression symptoms on NSSI is significant, and so is NSSI on depressive symptoms. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents' mental health has worsened, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of NSSI among those with depressive symptoms compared to pre-pandemic levels. Early screening for depression is crucial in preventing or decreasing NSSI in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Li Peng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Du
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Lin-Shen Xie
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- International Institute of Spatial Life Course Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Hua Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Teaching and Research Section of General Practice, The General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- International Institute of Spatial Life Course Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang L, Zhang S, Bian B, Zhou M, Bi Z. Peer effects of depression between left-behind and non-left-behind children: quasi-experimental evidence from rural China. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:72. [PMID: 37308963 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to investigate the interactive influence of depression on left-behind (LB) and non-left-behind (NLB) children from the perspective of peer effects. The roles of teachers, parents, and friends are also explored. METHODS Data on 1817 children, 1817 parents, and 55 teachers were obtained from a field survey in December 2021. All students in the sample were randomly assigned to classrooms. A peer effect model and OLS methods were used to estimate the peer influence of depression. Robustness tests were conducted by randomly removing schools from the sample. RESULTS Depression was contagious among different groups of rural children, and the peer effect of the NLB children's depression played a dominant role. Both LB and NLB children were more affected by their NLB classmates' depression. LB children were not significantly affected by depression in other LB children. This conclusion remains robust after robustness testing. In addition, heterogeneity analysis showed that outgoing and cheerful teachers, effective parent-child communication and high-quality friendship all alleviated peer influence on depression. CONCLUSIONS LB children have more severe depression than NLB children, but LB children are more affected by depression in their NLB peers. Policymakers should train teachers to engage in positive communication with students to improve mental health in children. In addition, this article recommends that children move and live with their parents when family conditions permit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Sizhe Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Biyu Bian
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zinan Bi
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou M, Bian B, Huang L. Do Peers Matter? Unhealthy Food and Beverages Preferences among Children in a Selected Rural Province in China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071482. [PMID: 37048302 PMCID: PMC10093957 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing problem of childhood obesity, unhealthy dietary preferences among children have become an issue of worldwide concern. This article examines the class-peer effect of these preferences using random class assignment data from a field survey. The results show significant positive peer effects for both unhealthy food and beverages preference. These results remained robust after controlling for endogeneity issues using instrumental variables. Further analysis of the mechanism of peer effect shows that the better the relationship between classmates, the greater the influence peers have on unhealthy diet preferences among rural children. The same peer effect is found in situations where it is easy for children to obtain unhealthy food and beverages. The analysis of heterogeneity finds that the peer effects of unhealthy dietary preferences are stronger for girls, older students, and obese students. This paper also discusses the role of parents and schools in mitigating the peer effect. This paper proposes policy recommendations for rural areas in China to improve dietary preferences in children. These results may also provide useful guidelines for policy in other developing countries.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu Y, Liu J, Skokauskas N, Liu F, Zhang L, Teng T, Zou Y, Lyu Q, Liu R, Liu X, Meng H, Zhou X. Prevalence of depression and anxiety, and associated factors, among Chinese primary and high school students: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2023; 15:e12523. [PMID: 36596718 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and associated factors, among Chinese children and adolescents aged 8-18 years who attend primary or high school. METHODS A total of 23 005 primary and high school students were recruited from February to December, 2019 for this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included demographic information, questions assessing suicidality, resilience, depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children), and anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent correlates of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Overall, 13.06% of participants experienced depressive symptoms, 22.34% experienced anxiety symptoms, 26.34% experienced transient suicidal ideation, 2.23% had serious suicidal ideation, and 1.46% had a history of suicide attempts. Anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 4.935; 95% confidence interval [CI][4.442-5.485]), suicidality (OR, 2.671; 95% CI[2.203-3.237]), skipping breakfast (OR, 1.920; 95% CI[1.348-2.736]), sleep duration (OR, 0.470; 95% CI[0.398-0.556]) and self-expectations (OR, 1.924; 95% CI[1.550-2.389]) were associated with depression (all p < .05). Depression (OR, 4.424; 95% CI[3.983-4.914]), female sex (OR, 1.903; 95% CI[1.759-2.060]), school-based traumatic experience(s) (OR, 1.905; 95% CI[1.747-2.077]), relationships with teachers (OR, 1.575; 95% CI[1.103-2.249]), and suicidality (OR, 1.467; 95% CI[1.218-1.766]) were associated with anxiety symptoms (all p < .05). DISCUSSION Depression and anxiety are common among school-age children and adolescents in China. Childhood school- and family-based traumatic experience(s), female sex, and lifestyle factors (eating breakfast, sleep duration, exercising, and Internet use) are significantly associated with mental health among children and adolescents. Developing interventions targeting these factors to protect students from depression and anxiety are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Norbert Skokauskas
- Regional Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Child Protection, IPH, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yaru Zou
- Academic of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Lyu
- Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaqing Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Impact of Parental Migration on Multidimensional Health of Children in Rural China: The Moderating Effect of Mobile Phone Addiction. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010044. [PMID: 36670595 PMCID: PMC9856684 DOI: 10.3390/children10010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Improving physical, mental and cognitive health is a strategic choice to help developing countries cross the middle-income trap. This paper used data from the 2019 China Rural Children Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 826), and used the Ordered Probit (Oprobit), Logit and ordinary least squares (OLS) analytical methods to systematically analyze the implications of parental migration on multidimensional health. The results indicate that parental migration significantly harms the physical and mental health of rural children, and that mobile phone addiction has a significant moderating effect. Moreover, parental migration has a greater impact on the physical health, mental health and cognitive ability of boys and rural children with low family income, while parents with higher nutrition knowledge and education can effectively improve the physical health and cognitive ability of their children. In conclusion, in order to improve the multidimensional health of rural children, the government should strengthen the policy of care and support for children whose parents migrate. Schools and families should pay attention to the supervision of rural children's mobile phone addiction.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li C, Ma C, Wu H, Zhao M, Zhu D, Xi B. Sleep duration change from childhood to adulthood and adult depressive disorders in the Chinese population. Sleep Med 2022; 100:128-132. [PMID: 36049406 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation may cause depressive disorders in both children and adults. However, the effects of sleep duration change from childhood to adulthood on adult depressive disorders are poorly documented. Using the China Family Panel Study (CFPS) data, we aimed to examine the association between sleep duration change from childhood to adulthood and adult depressive disorders in the Chinese population. METHODS Data were from 1172 children aged 10-15 years in 2010 who were followed up through 2018 based on the nationally representative and population-based CFPS. According to sleep duration in childhood and early adulthood, the sleep duration change was categorized into four groups: persistently insufficient sleep, sleep duration loss, sleep duration gain and persistently sufficient sleep. RESULTS After adjustment for potential covariates, compared with individuals with persistently sufficient sleep duration, those with sleep duration loss (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.14-3.46) and persistently insufficient sleep (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.43-3.88) had higher odds of depressive disorders in adulthood. In contrast, the odds of adult depressive disorders did not significantly increase in those with sleep duration gain (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.88-2.41). LIMITATIONS Information on sleep duration was obtained through a questionnaire; the sample size of this study was not large; the generalizality of our findings to other populations should be caucious. CONCLUSION Persistently insufficient sleep duration and sleep duration loss from childhood to adulthood were associated with higher odds of adult depressive disorders, while those who were able to change their sleep duration from insufficient status to sufficient status didn't have an increased odds of adult depressive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qi Lu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanwei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qi Lu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qi Lu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongshan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qi Lu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qi Lu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen C, Sun Y, Liu B, Zhang X, Song Y. The Latent Class Analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences among Chinese Children and Early Adolescents in Rural Areas and Their Association with Depression and Suicidal Ideation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16031. [PMID: 36498106 PMCID: PMC9738574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a global public health concern that is detrimental to the psychological outcomes of Chinese children in rural areas due to the lack of public awareness of ACEs and mental health resources. The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of ACEs and the impact of ACE patterns on depression and suicidal ideation among 4683 students (mean age = 10.08 years, SD = 0.99; 48.17% female students) from 63 elementary schools in rural areas in Guizhou Province, China. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify the best class pattern. A three-step approach was undertaken to explore the association between the class patterns and demographic covariates and depression and suicidal thoughts. An overall three-class pattern of ACEs was identified, which was: (1) high ACEs, (2) high verbal abuse and emotional neglect and low household dysfunction, and (3) low ACEs. The results also showed that children in the high ACEs class tended to show higher depression rates and more frequent suicidal ideation across the three groups. Being female and younger and having a lower socioeconomic status were risk factors. Our study identified a class pattern that was not found in previous research, which is high verbal abuse and emotional neglect and low household dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Education Policy Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Boyuan Liu
- Department of Sociology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100184, China
- China Development Research Foundation, Beijing 100011, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- China Institute for Educational Finance Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingquan Song
- China Institute for Educational Finance Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Phan TC, Chau B, Do HN, Vu TBT, Vu KL, Nguyen HD, Nguyen DT, Do HM, Nguyen NTT, La LBT, Dam VAT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen LH, Do AL, Vu TMT, Vu Le MN, Vu GT, Le LK, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Determinants of mental health among youths and adolescents in the digital era: Roles of cyber and traditional bullying, violence, loneliness, and environment factors. Front Public Health 2022; 10:971487. [PMID: 36388380 PMCID: PMC9641283 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.971487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the pathogenesis of depressive disorders is not fully elucidated, untreated adolescent depression can lead to serious sequelae such as impaired academic performance and social functioning, substance use disorders, poor self-esteem, and increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. Literature on adolescent mental health in Vietnam is limited, despite increased international awareness of this critical issue. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associations of depressive symptoms in Vietnamese adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional, self-administered survey was conducted in five provinces of Vietnam among adolescents aged 14 to 24 years. In addition to collecting participants' demographics, a structured questionnaire was developed to examine depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, loneliness, and cyberbullying victimization. Depressive symptoms and loneliness were assessed via the PHQ-9 and UCLA Loneliness Scale, respectively. Two-tailed Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to examine associations between variables. Multivariate Logistic regression models were conducted to examine the associations between prior-defined variables and positive depressive symptoms. Results Among 1,600 respondents, 31.8% of participants reported having mild-moderate or severe depressive symptoms. Participants within the moderate-severe depressive symptom group had significantly lower community cohesion scores than those of participants in normal and mild depressive symptom groups (p < 0.05). Youths living alone were more likely to have moderate-severe depressive symptoms (OR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.09-4.25). Cyberbullying had significant associations with depressive severity (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.38-2.70). Conclusion The findings of this study characterize various risk and protective factors for depression in Vietnamese youths and adolescents. The results highlight the importance of raising awareness and increasing access to educational resources for depression and other mental health illnesses. With the rising prevalence of depression, parents, teachers, and community leaders play a vital role in addressing mental health problems in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tam Chi Phan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Chau
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ha Ngoc Do
- Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Vietnam Youth Academy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thao Bich Thi Vu
- Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Vietnam Youth Academy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Long Vu
- Department of Research on Youth's Organisations and Youth Campaign, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiep Duy Nguyen
- Department of Research on Children's Issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Research on Youth and Legal Issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Do
- Department of Research on Youth Culture and Lifestyle, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga Thu Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi Metropolitan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ly Bac Thi La
- Faculty of Preschool Education, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Anh Trong Dam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,*Correspondence: Vu Anh Trong Dam
| | - Hien Thu Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anh Linh Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Minh Ngoc Vu Le
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Khanh Le
- Business Management Department, Troy University, Troy, AL, United States
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng T, Jia X, Pappas L, Zheng X, Shao T, Sun L, Weisberg C, Li ML, Rozelle S, Ma Y. Academic Performance and the Link with Depressive Symptoms among Rural Han and Minority Chinese Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106026. [PMID: 35627563 PMCID: PMC9141636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this paper were to examine the risk of depression and depressive symptoms among Han and minority children and adolescents in rural China, the links between academic performance and depressive symptoms, and the prevalence of these links among specific subgroups. A total of 8392 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students at 105 sample rural schools in eight low-income counties and districts in a prefectural-level city in Southwestern China were randomly selected using a three-step sampling strategy. A total of 51% of the sample were female (SD = 0.50), and the age range was 7 to 19 years (mean = 11.35 years; SD = 1.05). Using the Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item depression scale, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the sample was assessed, while data on students' academic performance (standardized math test) and demographic characteristics were also collected. Our results show that the rates of major depression were 19% for Han students, 18% for Tibetan students, and 22% for Yi students; the rates of severe depression were 2% for Han and Tibetan students, and 3% for Yi students. Yi students were at significantly higher risks for major and severe depression than Han students. We conducted multivariate regression and heterogeneous analyses. Academic performance was negatively and significantly correlated to depressive symptoms. Across the whole sample, students with lower math scores, minority students, boys, younger students, and students with migrant parents were most vulnerable to depressive symptoms. The heterogeneous analysis suggests that among poor-performing students, subgroups at higher risk for depression include boys, non-boarding students, and students whose mothers had graduated from high school or above. These findings indicate a need to improve mental health outcomes of rural Han and minority primary school students, targeting academic performance for possible intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Feng
- School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Xiyuan Jia
- School of Public Administration, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucy Pappas
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (L.P.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (Y.M.)
| | | | - Teresa Shao
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (L.P.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (Y.M.)
| | - Letao Sun
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (L.P.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (Y.M.)
| | - Charlie Weisberg
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (L.P.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (Y.M.)
| | - Madeline Lu Li
- College of Letters & Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (L.P.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yue Ma
- Stanford Center on China’s Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (L.P.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (Y.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang Q, She X, Dill SE, Sylvia S, Singh MK, Wang H, Boswell M, Rozelle S. Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Children and Adolescents in Rural China: A Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5026. [PMID: 35564422 PMCID: PMC9101801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 90% of the global population of children, depression, and anxiety among children in LMICs have been understudied. This study examines the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their associations with biological and psychosocial factors among children across China, with a focus on rural areas. We conducted a large-scale epidemiological study of depression and anxiety among 53,421 elementary and junior high school-aged children across China. The results show that 20% are at risk for depression, 6% are at risk for generalized anxiety, and 68% are at risk for at least one type of anxiety. Girls and junior high school students show a higher risk for both depression and anxiety symptoms, while socioeconomic status has varying associations to depression and anxiety symptoms. Our results also show consistent correlations between depression and anxiety symptoms and standard math test scores. These findings underscore the importance of identification, prevention, and treatment of youth depression and anxiety in underdeveloped areas. As China constitutes 15% of the global population of children under age 18, this study offers valuable information to the field of global mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (Q.J.); (S.-E.D.); (H.W.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Xinshu She
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Sarah-Eve Dill
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (Q.J.); (S.-E.D.); (H.W.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Manpreet Kaur Singh
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Stanford Pediatric Mood Disorders Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (Q.J.); (S.-E.D.); (H.W.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Matthew Boswell
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (Q.J.); (S.-E.D.); (H.W.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (Q.J.); (S.-E.D.); (H.W.); (M.B.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao G, Wang M, Xu J, Lu J, Akezhuoli H, Wang F. Health Status and Association With Interpersonal Relationships Among Chinese Children From Urban Migrant to Rural Left-Behind. Front Public Health 2022; 10:862219. [PMID: 35425735 PMCID: PMC9002312 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.862219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, numerous studies have examined the health status of Chinese left-behind children and migrant children. However, the impact of children's diverse migration/left-behind experiences on their health is still unclear. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020 in Nanling country (Anhui province) and Kaihua country (Zhejiang province) in China. School children from grade 5 to 8 reported their socio-demographic, interpersonal relationships, self-rated health, suicidal ideation, and depression. Participants were divided into four groups based on their migrant patterns, namely rural left-behind children with previous migration experience (ME-LBC), rural children with previous migration experience (ME-NLBC), rural left-behind children without migration experience (LBC), and rural children without migration experience (NLBC). Results Among 2,323 participants included in the present study, there were 336 ME-LBC (14.5%), 283 ME-NLBC (12.2%), 561 LBC (24.1%) and 1,143 NLBC (49.2%). Compared with NLBC, ME-LBC reported significantly poorer self-rated health (OR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.53-0.97], p < 0.05), higher risk of depression (β = 0.90, 95% CI [0.02-1.77], p < 0.05) with adjustment of socio-demographic and interpersonal relationships. There was no significant difference in suicidal ideation among different groups of children. The better interpersonal relationship was associated with a better self-rated health, and lower prevalence of depression and suicidal intention. Conclusions Compared to ordinary rural children, ME-LBC tended to experience higher levels of depression and poorer self-rated health. These research findings imply developing intervention programs about psychological adjustment tailored to different migrant patterns of Chinese rural children. The keys might be to strengthen the relationships with peer and teacher in school and improve the quality of parent-child communication in family for LBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Zhao
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menmen Wang
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Xu
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailati Akezhuoli
- Institute of Social Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Windarwati HD, Lestari R, Supianto AA, Wicaksono SA, Ati NAL, Kusumawati MW, Humayya A, Ekawati D. A narrative review into the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on senior high school adolescent mental health. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2022; 35:206-217. [PMID: 35199403 PMCID: PMC9114999 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Problem High school teenagers are facing significant challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Teenagers are at risk of experiencing physical, mental, and social health problems due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This narrative review aims to explore the impact of COVID‐19 on the emergence of mental health problems in high school adolescents. Methods This study employed a narrative review method. We conducted a systematic search using PRISMA on three databases: Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. A total of 40 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria set based on the research objectives. Findings The study uncovered that high school adolescents had an increased risk of experiencing mental health problems, namely psychological distress, worry, loneliness, anxiety, depression, traumatic symptoms, other psychological disorders, suicide risk, sleep disorders, and psychosocial functioning. Anxiety, depression, and psychological stress were the most discussed mental health problems among high school adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusions There is a need for efforts to identify health problems and intervene in mental health problems early in high school adolescents. Schools, mental health workers, and the government (e.g., policy stakeholders) need to implement the recommendations given as a follow‐up effort for mental health services for high school youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heni D Windarwati
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Retno Lestari
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad A Supianto
- Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Niken A L Ati
- Department of Research, Saintek Medika Nusantara, Jombang Regency, Indonesia
| | - Mira W Kusumawati
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Atin Humayya
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Ekawati
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Gao F, Kang Z, Zhou H, Zhang J, Li J, Yan J, Wang J, Liu H, Wu Q, Liu B. Perceived Academic Stress and Depression: The Mediation Role of Mobile Phone Addiction and Sleep Quality. Front Public Health 2022; 10:760387. [PMID: 35145942 PMCID: PMC8821519 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.760387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although academic stress is a well-known risk factor for students' depression, little is known about the possible psychological mechanisms underlying this association. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of depression and sleep disturbance among Chinese students, examined the relationship between perceived academic stress and depression, considered if mobile phone addiction and sleep quality is a mediator of this relationship, and tested if mobile phone addiction and sleep quality together play a serial mediating role in the influence of perceived academic stress on depression. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students from September to December 2018 in Heilongjiang Province, China. The final analysis included 5,109 students. Mobile phone addiction, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scales, respectively. The serial mediation model was used to analyse the relationship between perceived academic stress, mobile phone addiction, sleep quality, and depression. RESULTS Among all participants, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance was 28.69 and 27.95%, respectively. High school students showed the highest scores of perceived academic stress (2.68 ± 1.06), and the highest prevalence of depressive symptoms (33.14%) and sleep disturbance (36.47%). The serial mediation model indicated that perceived academic stress was a significant predictor of depression (B = 0.10, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.06 - 0.13). Additionally, mobile phone addiction (B = 0.08, 95% boot CI = 0.06-0.11) and sleep quality (B = 0.27, 95% boot CI = 0.22-0.33) played a mediating role between perceived academic stress and depression. Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality together played a serial mediating role in the influence of perceived academic stress on depression (B = 0.11, 95% boot CI = 0.08-0.14). Furthermore, the indirect effect (i.e., the mediating effect of mobile phone addiction and sleep quality) was significant and accounted for 64.01% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Our research results underscore the need for stakeholders-including family members, educators, and policy makers-to take preventative intervention measures to address depression among Chinese students, especially high school students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongguo Zhou
- Department of Educational Administration, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Food Safety and School Health, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Department of Elderly Healthcare and Management, School of Health Services and Management, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mao P, Peng L, Yuwen W, Liu D, Yan F, Chen Y, Long Y, Hash J. The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Life Skills and Cortisol in the Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents With Childhood Household Dysfunction. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870349. [PMID: 35903627 PMCID: PMC9314773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies show that sleep quality, life skills, and cortisol are associated with depressive symptoms, separately. However, the relationships between sleep quality, life skills, cortisol, and depressive symptoms remain unclear. Thus, this study aims to examine the mediating or moderating roles of life skills and cortisol in the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed among 212 adolescents with childhood household dysfunction (CHD) from August to October 2020 in China. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Secondary School Student Life Skills Rating Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to measure sleep quality, life skills, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Additionally, 65 participants provided blood samples to assess their blood cortisol levels. Analyses included correlations, regressions, and structural equation models. Bootstrapping was performed to examine the mediation effect. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the moderation effect. RESULTS The results showed that sleep quality and life skills were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). Life skills mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Cortisol moderated the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings support potential mediating and moderating roles of life skills and cortisol in the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms, which suggests improving sleep quality, life skills are of great significance in the prevention and intervention of depression in adolescents with CHD, and disseminating knowledge about the high risk of developing increased depressive symptoms among adolescents with CHD with higher cortisol levels is indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mao
- Department of Nursing, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, College of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianhua Peng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weichao Yuwen
- School of Nursing and Healthcare Leadership, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Nursing, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Nursing, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixiang Long
- Department of Nursing, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jonika Hash
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin W, Pan Y, Zhou L, Wei Q, Zhang S, Hu H, Lin Q, Pan S, Dai C, Wu J. The relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptom among Zhuang adolescents: Mediating and moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:994065. [PMID: 36147972 PMCID: PMC9485581 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.994065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not all adolescents who have endured childhood trauma will develop depressive symptom, nor will they all experience the same level of depressive symptom. According to previous research, cognitive emotion regulation strategies may explain a portion of the variance. Observe the connection between childhood trauma and depressive symptom and investigate whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate or moderate this association. METHODS In October 2019, a cross-sectional study measuring childhood trauma, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and depressive symptom among Zhuang adolescents was done in one senior high school and two junior highs in Chongzuo, Guangxi, China, using a self-report questionnaire. To examine the hypothesis of mediating and moderating effects, SPSS PROCESS was utilized. RESULTS In this study, there was a positive relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptom, whereas there were positive correlations between expressive suppression and childhood trauma and depressive symptom (r = 0.380, 0.246, and 0.089, respectively, p < 0.01). The 5,000-sample bootstrap procedure revealed that the indirect relationship between the independent variable (childhood trauma or emotional abuse) and the dependent variable (depressive symptom) was statistically significant (β = 0.0154 95% CI: 0.0019, 0.0165, β = 0.0442 95% CI: 0.0008, 0.0117). The statistical significance of the interaction effect enhanced the R-square value of the moderating effect when the independent variable was the total childhood trauma score (ΔR2 = 0.0044, 0.0089). CONCLUSIONS Our findings corroborated the conclusion of prior research that cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate and moderate the development of depressive symptom. Although we demonstrate that cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a mediating and moderating role in the relationships between childhood trauma and depressive symptom, the mediating effects on the relationships between the other types of childhood traumas, including physical abuse and neglect, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and depressive symptom, did not emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuli Pan
- Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Linhua Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaoyue Wei
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Graduate Management, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Medical Institution, Guangxi Nanning Fifth People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Qinghong Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuibo Pan
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyangzi Dai
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junduan Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Coid JW, Zhang Y, Sun H, Yu H, Wei W, Li X, Lv Q, Tang W, Wang Q, Deng W, Guo W, Zhao L, Ma X, Meng Y, Li M, Wang H, Chen T, Li T. Impact of urban birth and upbringing on expression of psychosis in a Chinese undergraduate population. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:493. [PMID: 34625040 PMCID: PMC8501541 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban birth and upbringing show consistent associations with psychotic illness but the key urban exposures remain unknown. Associations with psychotic-like experiences (PEs) are inconsistent. These could be confounded by common mental disorders associated with PEs. Furthermore, associations between PEs and urban exposures may not extrapolate to psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. METHODS Annual cross-sectional surveys among first year Chinese undergraduates 2014-2019 (n = 47,004). Self-reported, hierarchical categorisation of psychosis: from psychoticism, paranoid ideation, schizotypal symptoms, nuclear syndrome using SCL-90-R, to clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Depressive symptoms using PHQ 9. Dissociative symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) measured using PCL-C. Etiological factors of family history and childhood disadvantage. We studied effects of urban birth, urban living and critical times of exposure in childhood on psychosis phenotypes. RESULTS Associations with urbanicity were found only after adjustments for depression. Urban birth was associated with paranoia (AOR 1.34, 1.18-1.53), schizotypal symptoms (AOR 1.59, 1.29-1.96), and schizophrenia (AOR 2.07, 1.10-3.87). The same phenotypes showed associations with urban residence > 10 years. Only schizophrenia showed an association with urban exposure birth-3 years (AOR 7.01, 1.90-25.86). Child maltreatment was associated with both psychosis and depression. Urbanicity measured across the total sample did not show any associations with demography, family history of psychosis, or child maltreatment. Sensitivity analysis additionally adjusting for dissociative symptoms and PTSD showed the same pattern of findings. CONCLUSIONS Urban birth and urban living showed a hierarchical pattern of increasing associations from paranoid ideation to schizotypal disorder to schizophrenia, confirming that associations for psychotic experiences could be extrapolated to schizophrenia, but only after adjusting for confounding from depression, dissociative symptoms and PTSD. Several etiological factors were the same for psychosis and depression. Future studies of PEs should adjust for confounding from common mental disorders and dissociative symptoms. Effects of urbanicity on psychosis were not explained by demography, family history of mental disorder, or child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W. Coid
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Huan Sun
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Hua Yu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Qiuyue Lv
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Centre for Psychological Educational and Consultation, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Qiang Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Wei Deng
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XHangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Yajing Meng
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Mingli Li
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Huiyao Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Ting Chen
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dianxin South street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pang X, Wang H, Dill SE, Boswell M, Pang X, Singh M, Rozelle S. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among elementary students in rural China: Prevalence, correlates, and consequences. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:484-491. [PMID: 34280772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widely recognized mental health problem in developed countries but remains under-investigated in developing settings. This study examines the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of ADHD symptoms among elementary school students in rural China. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 6,719 students across 120 rural primary schools in China on ADHD symptoms, demographic characteristics, and academic performance in reading and math. ADHD symptoms were evaluated using the caregiver-reported ADHD Rating Scale-IV. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD symptoms was 7.5% in our sample. Male students, students in lower grade levels, and students with lower cognitive ability showed a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD symptoms (ORs = 2.56, 2.06, and 1.84, respectively; p<0.05). Left-behind children showed a significantly lower prevalence of ADHD symptoms than did children who were living with their parents (OR = 0.74, p < 0.05). Adjusted regressions show that students with ADHD symptoms scored 0.12 standardized deviations lower in reading (p < 0.05) and 0.19 standardized deviations lower in math (p < 0.01). LIMITATIONS The ADHD Rating Scale-IV is a screening scale rather than a diagnostic test. Caregiver self-report measures also may underestimate ADHD symptoms for our sample. CONCLUSIONS ADHD is a common disorder among rural students in China and appears to be contributing to poor academic outcomes. The higher prevalence of ADHD among students with low cognitive ability also suggests that many rural children in China face multifactorial learning challenges. Taken together, the findings indicate a need for educators and policymakers in rural China to develop programs to reduce risk and support students with ADHD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Pang
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center on Chinas Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute dor International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States.
| | - Sarah-Eve Dill
- Stanford Center on Chinas Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute dor International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Matthew Boswell
- Stanford Center on Chinas Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute dor International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Pang
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Manpreet Singh
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States; Stanford Pediatric Mood Disorders Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center on Chinas Economy and Institutions, Freeman Spogli Institute dor International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou M, Bian B, Zhu W, Huang L. A Half Century of Research on Childhood and Adolescent Depression: Science Mapping the Literature, 1970 to 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9524. [PMID: 34574449 PMCID: PMC8465814 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to gain an in-depth understanding of research about childhood and adolescent depression, this article analyzes the scale, development, and geographic distribution of the literature in the field based on 8491 articles extracted from the Web of Science Core database. Using citation analysis, this article identifies influential journals, scholars, and documents in this field. The study found that in the past 15 years, the number of documents has increased significantly and geographical diversity has also increased. Most of the highly influential literature relates to depression inventories. Using keyword co-occurrence analysis, this article also identified three key research topics focusing on (a) child and adolescent depression symptoms and prevalence, (b) parental depression and child behavioral or emotional problems, and (c) childhood abuse and depression. This study uses 'science mapping' as a means to provide a better understanding of research trends about childhood and adolescent depression that have emerged over the past half century, and may serve as reference for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China; (M.Z.); (B.B.); (W.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou M, Sun X, Huang L. Chronic disease and medical spending of Chinese elderly in rural region. Int J Qual Health Care 2021; 33:5986363. [PMID: 33201997 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether or not chronic disease positively impacts medical costs among the rural elderly in China and to calculate medical expenditure induced by chronic disease between different groups of the rural elderly, as well as provide insight into the factors that affect medical losses induced by chronic disease among different household registration groups and different New Rural Pension Scheme statuses. DESIGN To estimate the share of medical expenses induced by chronic disease, this article uses a two-part model and a four-part model to analyze the causal effect of chronic disease on medical services and then uses a counter-factual method to estimate the share of medical expenses. SETTING The rapid development of China has changed nearly every aspect of life for the rural elderly. Many are concerned about the increasing prevalence of physical health issues, particularly chronic diseases, among the rural elderly. Nevertheless, there are no articles using nationally representative panel datasets that report differences in the cost of chronic disease between sub-populations. PARTICIPANTS The panel dataset used for this study comes from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data. In this study, we use the CFPS data for the years 2012, 2014 and 2016 to create a panel dataset that includes 2730 rural elderly for 3 years. INTERVENTIONS This article reports the representative estimate of medical expenditures attributable to chronic disease among rural elderly in China. On this basis, we estimate per capita medical spending among rural elderly under the condition of logarithmic normal distribution of different parameters between urban and rural or between groups that participate in the New Rural Pension Program and groups that do not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES This study indicates that physical health status has a significant impact on both the probability of undergoing medical care and the size of medical expenditures among the rural elderly, and the influence was significant for all patients, including outpatients and inpatients. RESULTS Chronic illness has significant effects on individual medical expenses, and they aggregately contribute to 63.96% of total personal expected medical expenditure. Specifically, the medical spending caused by chronic disease was part of a non-uniform distribution, with the rural, male, older, married and higher educated groups spending more money on medical costs induced by chronic disease. CONCLUSIONS Examining trends in the prevalence of chronic diseases and evaluating medical spending on chronic diseases can prevent and control potential medical costs among rural elderly, especially for vulnerable groups, which helps to predict future health-care needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Effects of Environmental Quality Perception on Depression: Subjective Social Class as a Mediator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116130. [PMID: 34204130 PMCID: PMC8201032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the relationship between environment and public depression has aroused heated debate, the empirical research on the relationship between environmental quality perception and public depression is still relatively insufficient. This paper aims to explore the influence of environmental quality perception on public depression and the mediating role of subjective social class between environmental quality perception and public depression. Using the China Family Panel Studies data of 2016 for empirical analysis, this study’s results show that environmental quality perception has a significant effect on public depression and subjective social class also has a significant effect on public depression. In addition, we found that subjective social class can play a partial mediating role between environmental quality perception and public depression, and the intermediary effect only comes from the contribution of the perception of living environmental quality, not the perception of overall environmental quality. That is to say, the perception of living environment quality deeply affects the subjective social class, and then induces public depression. In order to alleviate the relationship between environmental quality and public depression, it is recommended that the state environmental protection department and civil affairs department strengthen the improvement of public living environment so as to promote individual subjective social class and reduce the risk of public depression. Moreover, it is suggested that research with longitudinal design and comprehensive indicators be undertaken in the future.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen L, Qu L. From Stressful Experiences to Depression in Chinese Migrant Children: The Roles of Stress Mindset and Coping. Front Psychol 2021; 12:601732. [PMID: 33889105 PMCID: PMC8056082 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.601732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrant children are at high risk for depression, though the exact mechanism is still unclear. This study investigated whether and how different stress mindsets (threat vs. challenge) and coping strategies (avoidant vs. approach) mediated the association between stressful experiences and depression in migrant children, and whether these relationships would be moderated by gender. One hundred and ninety-eight rural-to-urban migrant children (56.0% girls; Mage = 11.8 years) in Beijing, China, completed self-administered measures of stressful experiences, threat and challenge mindsets, coping strategies, and depression. Path analysis was conducted to examine the proposed mediation model. A dual-pathway model of stress coping was discovered: (1) a stress-threat-avoidance-depression pathway, in which threat mindset and avoidant coping mediated the association between stressful experiences and depression, and (2) a challenge-approach-enhancement pathway, in which approach coping mediated the association between challenge mindset and fewer depressive symptoms, without being influenced by stressful experiences. The dual-pathway mechanism did not vary by gender, and it can explain the greater vulnerability of girls to depression. Together, findings suggest that stressful events, threat mindset, and avoidant coping act as risk factors for depression, whereas challenge mindset and approach coping can function as protective factors to counteract the impacts of stressful experiences and promote psychological well-being among migrant children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Chen
- Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Qu
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun W, Mei J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhang C, Pan C, Li G, Chen Y, Miao J, Lan Y, Qiu X, Xu Y. Psycho-social factors associated with high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents and gender difference in adolescent depression: an epidemiological survey in China's Hubei Province. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 33771118 PMCID: PMC7995784 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring etiological clues to adolescent depression, especially in female adolescents, might be helpful to improve the social environment of female adolescents. The aim at this study is to explore psycho-social factors of female adolescents with high depressive symptomatology and gender differences in depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. METHOD We examined 4100 adolescents from Wuhan city and Jianli county via a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptomatology was screened through the Chinese version of Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the factors related to high depressive symptomatology in female and male adolescents, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of high depressive symptomatology in female and male were 38.9 and 30.2% respectively. The psycho-social factors of high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents were age (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.201, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.076 ~ 1.341), single parent family (aOR = 2.004, 95%CI, 1.448 ~ 2.772) and fathers' education level (compared to primary school and below, [Junior middle school, aOR = 0.641, 95%CI, 0.439 ~ 0.934; Senior middle school, aOR = 0.603, 95%CI, 0.410 ~ 0.888; College degree and above, aOR = 0.639, 95%CI, 0.437 ~ 0.936]). CONCLUSION Fathers' education level was associated with high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents. Female adolescents whose father with primary school education or below deserves more attention. Further epidemiologic researches need to be conducted to explore the different risk factors between female and male adolescents in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Sun
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Junhua Mei
- grid.410609.aDepartment of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, No.215 Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Chensheng Pan
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Guo Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yan Lan
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Effects of polygenic risk score, childhood trauma and resilience on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents in a three-year cohort study. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:627-636. [PMID: 33445085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a method of revealing multiple genes effect. The study of PRS and childhood trauma (CT) and resilience on adolescent depressive symptoms are fewer reported, especially the functional mechanism of resilience among them. METHODS 718 Chinese adolescents aged 10-14 years were surveyed including CT, resilience, depressive symptoms, and phenotype data in three years of the cohort study. PRS was calculated by the weighted accumulation effects of alleles on depressive symptoms. Their relationships were analyzed by the mediation and moderation models. RESULTS PRS and CT were risk factors for depressive symptoms. Interaction (PRS × CT) on depressive symptoms had no statistical significance. Resilience acted as the protective mediator from CT (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect) to depressive symptoms and moderator from CT (emotional abuse) to depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The sample size was a little small so that the inference were drawn prudently. Except gene data, other were collected by self-reported questionnaire instruments which inevitably brought recall bias. CONCLUSIONS PRS and CT could have adverse impact on depressive symptoms, resilience could alleviate these risk effects as a moderator and a mediator. The findings have important implications for prevention and intervention in adolescent depressive symptoms.
Collapse
|
28
|
Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems among Malaysian Children: A Large Population-Based Study. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020119. [PMID: 33562212 PMCID: PMC7914472 DOI: 10.3390/children8020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems are a major public health issue, particularly among children. They impair children’s development, academic achievement, and ability to live a productive life. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mental health problems among children aged 5 to 15 years old in Malaysia. Data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 were analyzed. A validated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used. The overall prevalence of mental health problems among children in Malaysia was 11.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that for every year increment in age, mental health problems decreased by 5%. Further analysis found that children who had fathers with a non-formal education and worked in the private sector, had parents who were widowed or divorced, and had either parent with mental health problems were more likely to have mental health problems themselves. Children from the lower socioeconomic group and who had either parent with mental health problems had higher odds of having mental health problems in Malaysia.
Collapse
|
29
|
The Bright Side of Grit in Burnout-Prevention: Exploring Grit in the Context of Demands-Resources Model among Chinese High School Students. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:464-476. [PMID: 32725387 PMCID: PMC8217032 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study contributes to understanding students' emotional responses to academic stressors by integrating grit into the well-established Job Demands-Resources Model and by examining the relationship between academic demands, grit (consistency of interests, perseverance of effort), burnout, engagement, academic achievement, depression, and life satisfaction in Chinese students. We conducted a self-report study with N = 1527 Chinese high school students (Mage = 16.38 years, SD = 1.04). The results of structural equation modeling showed that after controlling for gender, socio-economic status, and school types, demands positively related to burnout and negatively related to engagement. Both facets of grit negatively related to exhaustion, whereas only perseverance of effort positively related to engagement. Burnout positively related to depression and negatively related to life satisfaction, whereas engagement positively related to life satisfaction. However, neither burnout nor engagement was related to academic achievement. Our findings indicate that grit may be protective against school burnout.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen Q, Chen Y, Zhao Q. Impacts of boarding on primary school students' mental health outcomes - Instrumental-Variable evidence from rural northwestern China. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020; 39:100920. [PMID: 32919377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper estimates the impacts of boarding on primary school students' health outcomes, using data on 7606 students from rural areas of two northwestern provinces (Qinghai and Ningxia) of China. Exogenous variations in students' home-to-school distance are exploited to address potential endogeneity in their boarding status. Instrumental variable estimates suggest that while boarding has little impact on students' physical health (measured by height-for-age and BMI-for-age z-scores and hemoglobin concentration levels), it has a significantly detrimental effect on their mental health status, amounting to 0.455 standard deviations (SDs) of the distribution of scores on a Mental Health Test (a modified version of the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale). The effect of boarding is more pronounced for students with relatively advantageous backgrounds. For example, boarding boys scored 0.544 SDs higher on the Mental Health Test (suggesting more anxiety problems) than nonboarding boys, and boarders from relatively wealthier families scored 0.754 SDs higher than wealthier nonboarders. '.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang C, Ye M, Fu Y, Yang M, Luo F, Yuan J, Tao Q. The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:747-755. [PMID: 33041204 PMCID: PMC7543885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey using structural questionnaires was conducted from April 7, 2020, to April 24, 2020. Demographic information and general information related to the pandemic were collected. Psychological consequences were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire. RESULTS Our sample comprised 493 junior high school students (male = 239, mean age = 13.93 years) and 532 high school students (male = 289, mean age = 17.08 years). Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Positive coping was a protective factor for trauma-related distress in junior high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. Our findings suggested that resilience and positive coping lead to better psychological and mental health status among students. In contrast, negative coping is a risk factor for mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Ye
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Fu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Yang
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Luo
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Yuan
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chi X, Liu X, Huang Q, Huang L, Zhang P, Chen X. Depressive Symptoms among Junior High School Students in Southern China: Prevalence, Changes, and Psychosocial Correlates. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:1191-1200. [PMID: 32663950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common mental health problems in adolescents. A careful assessment of the prevalence and risk of depressive symptoms, as well as those factors that protect against it, is essential for prevention and intervention programs. METHOD Using two waves of data from Grade 7 to Grade 9 (N = 1,544 students in Wave 1), this study examined the prevalence and changes of depressive symptoms and their related psychosocial correlates (personal and familial factors, including family functioning and positive youth development [PYD] constructs) among junior high school students in Southern China. RESULTS The results showed that while depressive symptoms generally declined throughout the secondary junior school years, symptoms of major depression remained stable. Concurrently, academic achievement, family functioning, and PYD constructs regarding cognitive behavioral competence (CBC), positive identity (PIT), and general PYD qualities (GPYDQ) negatively predicted depressive symptoms in Wave 1. Longitudinally, being female, having poor academic achievement and family functioning, and having a low PIT in Wave 1 significantly predicted depressive symptoms in Wave 2. LIMITATIONS This study used the self-reporting approach, did not track a long-term developmental trajectories of adolescent depressive symptoms, and did not cover all potential predictors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that being female and having poor academic achievement are risk factors, while positive family functioning and PYD constructs protect against the development of adolescent depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Postal address: No.3688, Nanhai Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, 518060; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China; Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China, 100872; The Laboratory of the Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China, 100872
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Postal address: No.3688, Nanhai Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, 518060; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomin Huang
- Law School of Shenzhen University, Postal address: No.3688, Nanhai Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, 518060
| | - Liuyue Huang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Postal address: No.3688, Nanhai Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China, 518060; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Peichao Zhang
- Research Center of Modern Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China, 100872; The Laboratory of the Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, P.R. China, 100872.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu RH, Jiang JH, Gu YF, Moonasar N, Lin Z. Pars plana vitrectomy relieves the depression in patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:412-416. [PMID: 32309177 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the depressive state among the patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters (SVF), as well as its change after SVF removal via vitrectomy surgery. METHODS Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients who underwent 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for SVF were included. Thirty-nine eyes of 39 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers without SVF were also recruited as a healthy control. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) was used to assess volunteers and patients' depression (before and 1wk after PPV). RESULTS The CES-D score was 18.3±8.6 for patients, and was 12.4±6.0 for healthy control (P=0.003). Patients were significantly more likely to be in a depressive state (53.6%, defined as CES-D score ≥16) than the healthy control (20.5%, P=0.005). For patients with SVF, the CES-D score was negatively correlated with their age (r s=-0.42, P=0.025). After PPV, both the CES-D score (11.9±5.4 vs 18.3±8.6, P<0.001) and proportion of depressive state (18.5% vs 53.6%, P=0.005) were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION This study suggests that symptoms of vitreous floaters have an apparently negative impact on patients' psychological state. The PPV can effectively relieve the depressive state for patients with SVF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Han Wu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Hong Jiang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Gu
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | | | - Zhong Lin
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Depressive Symptoms and the Link with Academic Performance among Rural Taiwanese Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082778. [PMID: 32316516 PMCID: PMC7254188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reflect a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among Taiwanese adolescents (ages 13–18), but there is an absence of literature related to the risk of depression of children in Taiwan (ages 6–12), particularly among potentially vulnerable subgroups. To provide insight into the distribution of depressive symptoms among children in rural Taiwan and measure the correlation between academic performance, we conducted a survey of 1655 randomly selected fourth and fifth-grade students at 92 sample schools in four relatively low-income counties or municipalities. Using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) we assessed the prevalence of depressive symptoms in this sample, in addition to collecting other data, such as performance on a standardized math test as well as information on a number of individual and household characteristics. We demonstrate that the share of children with clinically significant symptoms is high: 38% of the students were at risk of general depression (depression score ≥ 16) and 8% of the students were at risk of major depression (depression score > 28). The results of the multivariate regression and heterogeneous analysis suggest that poor academic performance is closely associated with a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Among low-performing students, certain groups were disproportionately affected, including girls and students whose parents have migrated away for work. Results also suggest that, overall, students who had a parent who was an immigrant from another country were at greater risk of depression. These findings highlight the need for greater resource allocation toward mental health services for elementary school students in rural Taiwan, particularly for at-risk groups.
Collapse
|
35
|
Gong Y, Shi J, Ding H, Zhang M, Kang C, Wang K, Yu Y, Wei J, Wang S, Shao N, Han J. Personality traits and depressive symptoms: The moderating and mediating effects of resilience in Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:611-617. [PMID: 31787420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies showed that personality traits and resilience might have impacts on depressive symptoms, separately. However, the relationships among personality traits, resilience and depressive symptoms are still undefined. Thus, this study tried to explore the potential effect of resilience on the associations between personality traits and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. METHODS Adolescents (n = 6019) aged 10-17 years were recruited from nine schools in Wuhan, China. Depressive symptoms, personality traits, and resilience were evaluated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), respectively. RESULTS Neuroticism was positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Resilience separately moderated the associations of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with depressive symptoms, and partly mediated the associations of all five personality traits with depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS This study is a cross sectional study and cannot ascertain the causal relationships between the variables. Also self-reported questionnaire instruments were used in the data collection. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that resilience might play moderating and mediating roles in the associations of personality traits with depressive symptoms, and prompted that it was critical to improve resilience and develop adaptive personality traits in the prevention and intervention of depression in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Gong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Junxin Shi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Huisi Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Minli Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Chun Kang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Kaiqiao Wang
- Department of Education, Culture and Sports, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Jishan Wei
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Sichao Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sun X, Zhou M, Huang L, Nuse B. Depressive costs: medical expenditures on depression and depressive symptoms among rural elderly in China. Public Health 2020; 181:141-150. [PMID: 32032922 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an evaluation of medical expenditures induced by depression and depressive symptoms among rural elderly in China. STUDY DESIGN The panel dataset used for this study is taken from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data for the years 2012 and 2016. We examined the case of rural elderly who were 60 years old or older at the time of the 2012 survey and 64 years old or older at the time of the 2016 survey and then created a panel dataset that includes 2938 rural elderly for both years to estimate the influence of depressive symptoms/depression on medical cost. METHODS Both two part model and four part model were used to estimate the influence of depressive symptoms and depression on medical expenditure. Then a counter-factual method was used to calculate the cost of depressive symptoms and depression among rural elderly in China. RESULTS Mental health status has significant effects on individual medical expenses, and they aggregately contribute to 47.26% of total personal expected medical expenditures. Specifically, the rural group, the female group, the widowed group, and the poorly educated group have higher medical expenditures because of depressive status than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Mental health status significantly increased both the chance of undergoing medical care and the degree of medical expenditure among rural elderly in China. This situation is more serious in some vulnerable groups. Therefore, the Chinese government needs to reform its mental health of rural elderly and insurance institutions to eliminate the policy-caused barriers to mental health resources, especially for vulnerable groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - M Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - L Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - B Nuse
- College of Liberal Arts, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chi X, Huang L, Wang J, Zhang P. The Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescents in China: Differences in Only Child and Non-Only Child Groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E438. [PMID: 31936468 PMCID: PMC7014354 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of depressive symptoms in early adolescents in China, as well as the differences between an only child and non-only child group. A total of 2059 seventh-grade Chinese students were invited to complete a questionnaire, which included questions concerning socio-demographic factors, family function, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The results revealed the following things. (1) thirty-four point seven percent of the participating Chinese early adolescents display symptoms of depression according to Radloff's criteria. Differences are significant across the four dimensions (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, somatic symptoms and retarded activity, and interpersonal difficulties), as well as across total scores between only children and children with sibling(s). (2) Academic achievement, having sibling(s) or not, migration, and family function can significantly predict depressive symptoms. (3) Two significant interactions were found, which were between sibling(s) and gender as well as sibling(s) and family function. Girls from the non-only child group and adolescents from the only child group with poor family function were more likely to have depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that a greater focus should be placed on girls from non-only child families, academic under-performers, migrants, and adolescents from poor family environments, and especially only children, to prevent or reduce the propensity for depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chi
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liuyue Huang
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Politics and Law, Anhui University of Architecture, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Peichao Zhang
- Research Center of Modern Psychology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li JY, Li J, Liang JH, Qian S, Jia RX, Wang YQ, Xu Y. Depressive Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7459-7470. [PMID: 31586039 PMCID: PMC6792515 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms are a pervasive mental health problem in Chinese adolescents. The aim of this article was to systematically assess the trend of depressive symptoms in China among adolescents (1988 to 2018). Material/Methods A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted in both English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CNKI, and Wan Fang Database, to identify relevant studies published between 1988 and 2018. Batteries of analyses in this meta-analysis were undertaken using Stata version 12.0 statistical software. Results Sixty-two related reports involving 232 586 participants finally met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results suggest the prevalence of depressive symptoms has generally increased over time. The prevalence estimates before 2000 were 18.4% (95% CI, 14.5–22.3%), and were 26.3% (95% CI, 21.9–30.8%) after 2016. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents was 22.2% (95% CI: 19.9–24.6%, I2=99.6%, p<0.001). More subgroup analyses classified by screening instrument, gender, and region were carried out in this meta-analysis. Conclusions Results of our meta-analysis suggest that depressive symptoms have become more prevalent among Chinese adolescents. This trend emphasizes the need for effective prevention strategies and greater availability of screening tools for this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jing-Hong Liang
- Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Christmas island
| | - Sheng Qian
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Rui-Xia Jia
- Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ying-Quan Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Social Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, CA, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tang X, Tang S, Ren Z, Wong DFK. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents in secondary school in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:498-507. [PMID: 30439677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study reported here is to systematically estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents in secondary schools in mainland China. METHOD Literature searches were conducted in both English and Chinese databases from database inception to January 2018. This meta-analysis used a random-effects model to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms. RESULTS Fifty-one eligible studies (n = 144,060) using probability sampling were identified. The results revealed a pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms of 24.3% (95% CI, 21.3%-27.6%), with high between-studies heterogeneity (Q = 9909, I² = 99.5%, p < 0.001). The prevalence estimates reported by the individual studies ranged from 6.2% to 64.8%. There was an increased prevalence with increasing grades from year 1 in junior secondary school (24.5%; 95% CI, 17.8%-32.8%) to year 3 in senior secondary school (40.1%; 95% CI, 29.4%-51.9%) (Q = 7.1, p < 0.01). Potential sources of high heterogeneity of prevalence among studies can be accounted for by screening instruments with different cutoffs. Further analysis stratified by gender, grade, household registration (hukou) and number of children in the household were performed. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the high level of heterogeneity between studies (mainly from the heterogeneity of measurement tools) and stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that depressive symptoms are common among Chinese secondary school students. Further research is needed to identify the risk factors and effective strategies for preventing and treating depression among adolescents in secondary schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Tang
- The Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Suqin Tang
- The Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Daniel Fu Keung Wong
- The Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Canals-Sans J, Hernández-Martínez C, Sáez-Carles M, Arija-Val V. Prevalence of DSM-5 depressive disorders and comorbidity in Spanish early adolescents: Has there been an increase in the last 20 years? Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:328-334. [PMID: 30096661 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the current prevalence of DSM-5 Depressive Disorders (DD) among Spanish school children and compare it with data obtained 20 years ago from the same place. We assessed comorbidity, severity and sociodemographic related factors. With a double-phase design, a sample of 1514 students participated in the 1st phase and 562 students (175 at risk of depression) were assessed in the 2nd phase with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Kids. The estimated current prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) was 1.6%, similar to the 1.5% found 20 years ago. A total of 3.4% were diagnosed with some form of DD (MDD or Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)). No significant differences between genders were found in either of the two periods studied. The rate of depressive symptoms (11.6%) was not significantly different from that of previous data (9.4%). 80% and 71.9% of the children diagnosed with MDD and PDD respectively also had an anxiety disorder. In conclusion, we have not found an increase in depression among Spanish early adolescents. However, the data on the prevalence of DD, the comorbidity, and the impairment all highlight the need to design and implement appropriate preventive interventions in schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Canals-Sans
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Ctra. Valls S/N, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Ctra. Valls S/N, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Mercè Sáez-Carles
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Ctra. Valls S/N, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Arija-Val
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu HJ, Li F, Hu YF, Li CF, Yang XH, Yuan S, Huang Y, Tang BW, Gong J, He QQ. Associations of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake with well-being and depressive symptoms among obese schoolchildren in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:986. [PMID: 30089451 PMCID: PMC6083616 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing and psychological disorder is a common comorbidity of obesity. We investigated the associations of physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake with well-being and depressive symptoms among obese schoolchildren. METHODS Participants included 188 obese children aged 9.8 ± 0.7 years living in Wuhan, China. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the children's PA and FV intake information. PA was considered to be high if the child participated in sport and/or vigorous free play at least 3 days per week with 60 min per day, while sufficient FV intake was defined as consuming FV 5 times per day. Children's well-being and depressive symptoms were assessed by standard questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the relationships of PA and FV intake with well-being and depressive symptoms. RESULTS High PA and sufficient FV intake were independently associated with significantly decreased risks for depressive symptoms (for PA, OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16-0.92; for FV, OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08-0.55) and poor well-being (for PA, OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.74), respectively. Furthermore, interactive inverse associations were observed between combined high PA and sufficient FV intake with poor well-being and depressive symptoms. Compared to their counterparts, children with high PA and sufficient FV intake had significantly reduced risk for poor well-being (OR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.05-0.55) and depressive symptoms (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.48). CONCLUSIONS High PA and sufficient FV intake are inversely associated with the risks of poor well-being and depressive symptoms among obese Chinese schoolchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-jie Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Hanbei Road 24#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-feng Hu
- Xinzhou Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-feng Li
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Hanbei Road 24#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-hao Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Huang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-wen Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Hanbei Road 24#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-qiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 185#, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang M, Han J, Shi J, Ding H, Wang K, Kang C, Gong J. Personality traits as possible mediators in the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:150-155. [PMID: 29852422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma has been found to be a critical risk factor for depression in adolescents. Personality traits have been linked with mental health. However, the relationship between childhood trauma, personality traits, and depressive symptoms in adolescents is largely unclear. This study tried to examine the mediating effect of personality traits between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Meanwhile, the possible bidirectional association between personality traits and depression was considered in the study. A group of community-based adolescents aged 10-17 years (N = 5793) were recruited from nine schools in Wuhan city, China. The participants completed self-report questionnaires, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Results showed that childhood trauma experiences were positively related with depressive symptoms and neuroticism, and negatively related with extraversion and conscientiousness; depressive symptoms were related with high neuroticism, low extraversion, and conscientiousness. Neuroticism and extraversion partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms. And 'childhood trauma-personality traits-depression' models showed better property than the alternative models of 'childhood trauma-depression-personality traits'. The current study provides preliminary evidence for mediation roles of neuroticism and extraversion in the effect of childhood trauma to depressive symptoms in adolescents. These findings may contribute to better prevention and interventions for depressive symptoms among adolescents with childhood trauma via personality traits improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minli Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Junxin Shi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huisi Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiqiao Wang
- Department of Education, Culture and Sports, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Kang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangling Gong
- Center for Mental Health, Institute of Education and Development, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Parental Migration and Left-Behind Children's Depressive Symptoms: Estimation Based on a Nationally-Representative Panel Dataset. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061069. [PMID: 29795049 PMCID: PMC6025488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
China's rapid urbanization in the past several decades have been accompanied by rural labor migration. An important question that has emerged is whether rural labor migration has a positive or negative impact on the depressive symptoms of children left behind in the countryside by their migrating parents. This paper uses a nationally representative panel dataset to investigate whether parental migration impacts the prevalence of depressive symptoms among left-behind children in China. Using DID and PSM-DID methods, our results show that parental migration significantly increases the depression scores of 10 and 11-year-old children by 2 points using the CES-D depression scale. Furthermore, we also find that the negative effect of decreased parental care is stronger than the positive effect of increased income in terms of determining the depressive symptoms status of children in rural China.
Collapse
|