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Numasawa M, Nawa N, Yamaguchi K, Akita K, Yamawaki M. Association between grit and depressive symptoms among medical students, moderated by academic performance. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2024; 29:2373523. [PMID: 38950191 PMCID: PMC11218578 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2373523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Depression amongst medical students is a crucial matter. Grit, which is a potentially modifiable psychological factor, has been inversely linked to depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear how grit is associated with depression. This study aims to examine the relationship between grit and depressive symptoms and to further investigate the potential effect modification by academic performance on the association between grit and depression among medical students. We focus on the total grit score and its subscales, namely perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from second-year medical students at Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Japan from 2020 to 2023. The participants responded to questionnaire surveys comprising the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Short Grit Scale. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between grit and depressive symptoms. We also tested for effect modification by first-year Grade Point Average (GPA) on the association between grit and depression. The total grit score and its subscales, perseverance of effort and consistency of interest, were all inversely associated with depressive symptoms (b = -4.7 [95%CI - 6.7 to - 2.6], b = -3.7 [95%CI - 5.3 to - 2.1], b = -1.8 [95%CI - 3.5 to - 0.2], respectively). While the interaction term for the total grit score and GPA was not significant, the interaction term for perseverance of effort and GPA was significant, indicating that the association between perseverance of effort and depression was stronger among the higher-achieving students. The interaction term for consistency of interest and GPA was also significant, indicating that the association was stronger among the lower-achieving students. We reveal a novel aspect of the association between grit and depressive symptoms in light of academic performance. The findings will contribute to future research on depression amongst medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyuki Numasawa
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akita
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanaga Yamawaki
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Romano L, Russo C, Gladwin TE, Panno A. Adolescents and Young Adults' Participation in Pro-Environmental Movements: A Systematic Review. J Genet Psychol 2024; 185:373-398. [PMID: 38373092 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2316804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is a reality that can no longer be ignored, so much so that combating climate change and its impact is one of the main goals of the UN Agenda 2030. Youths, albeit the main victims of climate change, are often excluded from decision-making processes on sustainable actions. More and more young people are joining collective pro-environmental movements, raising their voices against the current inadequate sustainable policies and claiming to be the main actors of change. However, pro-environmental collective actions are often judged negatively by public opinion, diminishing their effectiveness and potentially impacting youth participation. In light of this, it is critical to understand the individual, contextual and relational aspects that lead young people to engage with these movements. The present study aimed to systematically review the existing literature on factors that might promote youth participation in pro-environmental movements. According to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search of three databases (PsycINFO, ProQuest, and SCOPUS). Moreover, we deepened our research by focusing on two relevant theoretical models on collective actions, the Social Identity Model of Collective Action and the Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action. After the screening and the eligibility phases, 11 articles (12 studies) were included. Most of the selected studies adopted a cross-sectional quantitative design. The results revealed individual and relational factors involved in promoting youths' involvement in pro-environmental movements. To the aim of deepening young people's pro-environmental activism, findings highlighted the need to consider personal and social drivers together. Limitations of the study, future directions, and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Romano
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Panno
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Lewis C, Fischer IC, Tsai J, Harpaz-Rotem I, Pietrzak RH. Barriers to Mental Health Care in US Military Veterans. Psychiatr Q 2024:10.1007/s11126-024-10078-7. [PMID: 38940875 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-024-10078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military veterans often encounter multiple obstacles to mental health care, such as stigma, practical barriers (e.g., high cost), and negative beliefs about mental health care. To date, however, nationally representative data on the prevalence and key correlates of these barriers to care are lacking. Such data are critical to informing population-based efforts to reduce barriers and promote engagement in mental health treatment in this population. METHODS Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed 4,069 US veterans, 531 (weighted 15.0%) of whom screened positive for a mental disorder but never received mental health treatment. Multivariable logistic regression and relative importance analyses were conducted to identify key predisposing, enabling, and need-based factors associated with endorsement of stigma, instrumental barriers, and negative beliefs about mental health care. RESULTS A total 47.1% of veterans endorsed any barrier to care, with 38.7% endorsing instrumental barriers to care, 28.8% perceived stigma, and 22.0% negative beliefs about mental health care. Lower purpose in life, grit, and received social support were most consistently associated with these barriers to care. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of US veterans with psychiatric need and no history of mental health treatment report barriers to care. Modifiable characteristics such as a low purpose in life, grit, and received support were associated with endorsement of these barriers. Results may help inform resource allocation, as well as prevention, psychoeducation, and treatment efforts to help reduce barriers and promote engagement with mental health services in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ian C Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Washington, DC, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Do KY, Kim CB. Predicting Smartphone Addiction Trajectories in Korean Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis of Protective and Risk Factors Based on a National Survey from 2018 to 2020. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024:10105395241259243. [PMID: 38902950 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241259243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed to identify the role of psychosocial factors affecting smartphone addiction (SA) among Korean adolescents and predict the trajectory of SA based on the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2018 to 2020. The dependent variable is SA score as measured by the Korean Smartphone Addiction Propensity Scale (SAPS), and the independent variables are psychosocial factors (attention, grit, life satisfaction, self-esteem, aggression, depression, social withdrawal and physical symptom). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis (adjusted for covariates) results indicated that attention (B = -0.346, P < .001), grit (B = -0.402, P < .001), life satisfaction (B = -0.150, P < .001), and self-esteem (B = -0.099, P < .001) were protective factors for reducing SA score. Conversely, aggression (B = 0.222, P < .001) and depression (B = 0.067, P = .005) were predicted to be risk factors for increasing SA score. A better understanding of the relationship between behavioral addiction and psychosocial development factors in adolescence will assist in the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Yi Do
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Bae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Hongcheon County Hypertension and Diabetes Registration and Education Center, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
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Akaishi Y, Nawa N, Kashimada A, Itsui Y, Okada E, Yamawaki M. Association between Grit and depressive symptoms at the timing of job start among medical residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional study. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2023; 28:2225886. [PMID: 37343594 PMCID: PMC10286665 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2225886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic had an additional negative impact on the mental health of healthcare workers, including residents. Previous studies revealed that grit, which is an individual trait to achieve long-term goals unrelated to intelligence quotient, is not only positively associated with academic achievement and career success but also negatively correlated with depression. This study aimed to examine the association between grit and depressive symptoms among residents at the time of job start during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from all post-graduate year 1 residents from March 2020 to April 2022 at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Grit was measured by the Japanese version of Grit-S. The resident's depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The association of interest was examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among 221 residents, 28 (12.7%) have depressive symptoms. One unit increase in Grit-S score after adjusting for age, sex, graduated university, and sleeping hours was associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms by 63% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.74). Further, the perseverance of effort subscale score was associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms after covariate adjustment (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Higher grit scores were associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms among residents at the timing of job start during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regular mental health assessment is particularly important for residents with low grit scores at entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Akaishi
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Professional Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kashimada
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Professional Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Itsui
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Okada
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Professional Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanaga Yamawaki
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Boreham ID, Schutte NS. The relationship between purpose in life and depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:2736-2767. [PMID: 37572371 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose in life consists of having a sense of meaning and purpose regarding one's activities as well as an overall sense that life is meaningful. This study reports a comprehensive assessment of the relationship of purpose in life with depression and anxiety. A meta-analysis (total n = 66,468, total k = 99) investigated the association of purpose in life with depression and anxiety. Across samples, greater purpose in life was significantly associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety. The mean weighted effect size between purpose in life and depression was r = -0.49, [95% confidence intervals, CIs: -0.52, -0.45], p < 0.001. For the purpose in life and anxiety the mean weighted effect size was r = -0.36, [95% CIs: -0.40, -0.32], p < 0.001. The association of purpose in life with mental health was stronger for clinical populations, especially with regard to the relationship with anxiety. Both approach deficits and avoidance motivation are argued to play a role in the relationship between purpose and psychopathology, with greater purpose potentially limiting avoidance tendencies and reducing the effects of depression and anxiety. Understanding the role that purpose in life may play in depression and anxiety could help to inform current conceptualizations of these disorders and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Boreham
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Nicola S Schutte
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Yukhymenko-Lescroart M, Sharma G, Voiedilova O. Thriving amidst adversity: Flourishing and grit in Ukrainian college students with strong life purpose before and after the onset of the Russian war in Ukraine. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21456. [PMID: 38027736 PMCID: PMC10665686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This multi-study examined the role of life purpose in the well-being of Ukrainian university students before (Study 1) and during the Russian war in Ukraine (Study 2) during the 2021-22 academic year using a cross-sectional design. University students from a city highly affected by the war, a region which borders Russia, completed measures of sense of purpose in life (awakening to purpose, awareness to purpose, altruistic purpose), specific purpose orientations (others-growth, self-growth, career-focused), flourishing, and grit (consistency of interests, perseverance of effort). Structural equation modeling was used to test four alternative path models. In Study 1 (N = 159), flourishing was positively predicted by all measures of purpose, except for awareness of purpose, which was a negative but weak predictor. Similar to flourishing, both dimensions of grit were positively predicted by career-focused purpose orientation above and beyond the overall sense of life purpose. Additionally, perseverance of effort was predicted positively by awakening to purpose. Consistent with Study 1, in Study 2 (N = 107), flourishing and perseverance of effort were positively predicted by career-focused purpose orientation above and beyond the overall sense of life purpose. Additionally, flourishing was positively predicted by awakening to purpose and others-growth purpose orientation. Overall, students with a strong life purpose reported high sense of flourishing and grit. Findings also highlighted the salient role of career-focused purpose orientation in students' well-being. It is thereby important to support students in exploring and connecting life's purpose with their career aspirations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gitima Sharma
- Department of Counselor Education and Rehabilitation, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, United States
| | - Olena Voiedilova
- Department of Physical Education, T.H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium”, Ukraine
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Hielscher E, Blake J, Chang I, Crandon T, McGrath M, Scott JG. Sense of purpose interventions for depression and anxiety in youth: A scoping review and cross-cultural youth consultation. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:887-932. [PMID: 37315589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of sense of purpose (SOP) interventions in preventing or reducing anxiety or depression in youth aged 14-24 years. METHODS A systematic search was conducted of the academic (PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE) and grey literature. We also consulted two SOP experts and an Australian and Indian youth advisory group with lived experience of anxiety and/or depression. Consultations focused on the feasibility and acceptability of reviewed interventions. RESULTS The search identified 25 studies reporting on 4408 participants from six countries (64.0 % of studies in the US). Multi-component interventions targeting several SOP components (i.e., value clarification, goal setting, gratitude enhancement) reported, on average, moderate reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms in youth. Interventions were generally more effective at reducing depression than anxiety symptoms. In terms of sub-populations or groups, there was some evidence for greater intervention effectiveness among youth with prior therapy experience, extraverted personalities, and those with already elevated anxiety/depression symptoms. Youth advisors and experts opined that group interventions were most acceptable to young people. LIMITATIONS This review was limited to a recent 10-year timeframe and publications in English, potentially excluding relevant studies published prior to 2011 or in other languages. CONCLUSIONS Fostering SOP can lead to better psychological wellbeing in youth. Potential harms resulting from interventions can occur without adequate consideration for a person's readiness for purpose discovery, environmental barriers, and familial and cultural settings. Further research in more diverse populations is required to determine who benefits and in what contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hielscher
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Flourish Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Julie Blake
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ivan Chang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tara Crandon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina McGrath
- Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR), The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland South Brisbane, Qld Australia; Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Hospital Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Zhang MX, Yu SM, Demetrovics Z, Wu AMS. Metacognitive beliefs and anxiety symptoms could serve as mediators between fear of missing out and gaming disorder in adolescents. Addict Behav 2023; 145:107775. [PMID: 37336094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the vulnerability to and prevalence of emotional problems and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in adolescents, this study aimed to test the effects of fear of missing out (FoMO) on IGD and the mediating roles of metacognitive beliefs and anxiety symptoms based on the self-regulatory executive function (S-REF) model. At a Chinese high school, 283 participants (Mage = 16.89 years old; girls = 42.0%) with past-year gaming experience voluntarily completed an anonymous paper-and-pencil questionnaire. FoMO showed significant, positive associations with IGD, anxiety symptoms, and metacognitive beliefs. Results of path analysis showed a significant direct effect of FoMO on IGD, whereas anxiety symptoms mediated the relationship between FoMO and IGD. The indirect effects of FoMO on IGD via serial mediations of three negative metacognitive beliefs (i.e., negative beliefs about worry, low cognitive confidence, and beliefs regarding need for control) and anxiety symptoms were also statistically significant. These findings demonstrated that maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and anxiety are risk-enhancing mediators in the relationship between FoMO and IGD. Therefore, metacognitive therapy, particularly for regulating those three specific significant metacognitive beliefs, is recommended for treating IGD and anxiety, especially for those with higher levels of FoMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Psychological Research & Education Center, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu M Yu
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Bazargan-Hejazi S, Dehghan K, Chou S, Bailey S, Baron K, Assari S, Marzio R, Teklehaimanot S, Kermah D, Lindstrom RW, Shirazi A, Lopez D, Bazargan M. Hope, optimism, gratitude, and wellbeing among health professional minority college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1125-1133. [PMID: 34344275 PMCID: PMC10699496 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1922415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To (1) describe the level of hope, optimism, and gratitude in a sample of minority health professional college students. (2) To examine the association between hope, optimism, and gratitude with wellbeing domains. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and thirty-two (n = 132) college students from the Nursing, Medicine, and Allied Health programs. METHODS Cross-sectional survey study assessed wellbeing across the five domains of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. RESULTS Mean and Standard Deviation on hope, optimism, and gratitude were 50.2 ± 5.6; 21.7 ± 4.34; and 36.3 ± 5.35, respectively. Hope, optimism, and gratitude were positively associated with domains of wellbeing, controlling for gender and age. CONCLUSION Students maintained a positive outlook in life. Hopeful, op6timistic, and grateful students experienced positive emotion, were more engaged in their daily activities, had more supportive relationships, had a better sense of direction in life, and more often accomplished their goals. Interpretations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaveh Dehghan
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stacy Chou
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shanelle Bailey
- College of Health and Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyla Baron
- College of Health and Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shervin Assari
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Marzio
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Senait Teklehaimanot
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dulcie Kermah
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard W. Lindstrom
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anaheed Shirazi
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Lopez
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Thakar MS, Mitchell-Miland C, Morone NE, Althouse AD, Murrell AJ, Rubio DM, White GE. Perseverance and consistency of interest in underrepresented post-doctoral fellows and early-career faculty. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e100. [PMID: 37250996 PMCID: PMC10225262 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Underrepresented researchers face more challenges than their well-represented counterparts. Perseverance and consistency of interest are associated with career success in well-represented physicians. Therefore, we examined associations of perseverance and consistency of interest with Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory (CRAI), science identity, and other factors related to career success among underrepresented post-doctoral fellows and early-career faculty. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from September to October 2020 among 224 underrepresented early-career researchers at 25 academic medical centers in the Building Up Trial. We used linear regression to test associations of perseverance and consistency of interest scores with CRAI, science identity, and effort/reward imbalance (ERI) scores. Results The cohort is 80% female, 33% non-Hispanic Black, and 34% Hispanic. The median perseverance and consistency of interest scores were 3.8 (25th-75th percentile: 3.7,4.2) and 3.7 (25th-75th percentile: 3.2, 4.0), respectively. Higher perseverance was associated with a higher CRAI score (β = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.30, 1.33, p = 0.002) and science identity (β = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.68, p = 0.001). Higher consistency of interest was associated with a higher CRAI score (β = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.23, 0.96, p = 0.001) and higher science identity score (β = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.36, p = 0.02), while lower consistency of interest was associated with imbalance favoring effort (β = -0.22; 95% CI = -0.33, -0.11, p = 0.001). Conclusions We found that perseverance and consistency of interest are related to CRAI and science identity, indicating that these factors may positively influence one's decision to stay in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya S. Thakar
- Institute for Clinical Research Education, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chantele Mitchell-Miland
- Institute for Clinical Research Education, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalia E. Morone
- General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew D. Althouse
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey J. Murrell
- College of Business Administration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Doris M. Rubio
- Institute for Clinical Research Education, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gretchen E. White
- Institute for Clinical Research Education, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Dughi T, Rad D, Runcan R, Chiș R, Vancu G, Maier R, Costin A, Rad G, Chiș S, Uleanya C, Mihaela MC. A Network Analysis-Driven Sequential Mediation Analysis of Students' Perceived Classroom Comfort and Perceived Faculty Support on the Relationship between Teachers' Cognitive Presence and Students' Grit-A Holistic Learning Approach. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020147. [PMID: 36829376 PMCID: PMC9951853 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between teachers and students is critical to the learning process. Student success and learner satisfaction have consistently improved in educational situations where instructors and students connect frequently and meaningfully. The Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, as well as the sense of belonging concept, have received a significant amount of attention from researchers investigating online learning since its debut. The current study focuses on the CoI framework in general, and in particular on studies on teaching, social, and cognitive presences in connection to students' feeling of belonging and grit enhancement. This research investigated the opinion of 310 students at the Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad regarding their satisfaction with their teachers' presences, their academic sense of belonging, and their grit. Our methodology followed an innovative approach. First, we employed a network analysis on all subscales' mean scores, and then we performed a sequential mediation analysis based on both the network analysis results and the conclusions from the literature review. We tested whether students' perceived classroom comfort and perceived faculty support sequentially mediated the relationship between teacher's cognitive presence and students' grit. According to the scientific literature, teacher's cognitive presence consists of four fundamental categories: triggering events, exploration, integration, and resolution, which specifically the validation of knowledge by cooperation and reflection in a community of inquiry. We further tested if sense of belonging might mediate the relationship between teachers' cognitive presence and students' grit. The results show that students' perceived classroom comfort and perceived faculty support partially and significantly sequentially mediate the relationship between teachers' cognitive presence triggering events and students' grit. The results are then further used to suggest possible recommendations for designing holistic learning environments in Romanian higher education institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Dughi
- Center for Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences Psychology and Social Work, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Dana Rad
- Center for Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences Psychology and Social Work, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Remus Runcan
- Center for Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences Psychology and Social Work, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Roxana Chiș
- Center for Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences Psychology and Social Work, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Gabriela Vancu
- Center for Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences Psychology and Social Work, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Roxana Maier
- Center for Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences Psychology and Social Work, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Alina Costin
- Center for Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences Psychology and Social Work, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Gavril Rad
- Center for Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences Psychology and Social Work, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Sabin Chiș
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Chinaza Uleanya
- Business Management, University of South Africa, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Okafor CN, Brennan-Ing M, Ware D, Haberlen S, Egan JE, Brown AL, Meanley S, Stosor V, Shoptaw S, Friedman MR, Plankey M. Grit is associated with psychological health among older sexual minority men. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:434-444. [PMID: 35138200 PMCID: PMC9360198 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2032594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Studies have shown that grit-defined as perseverance and passion for achieving one's long-term goals-is associated with improved health outcomes, including lower levels of psychological distress. However, the psychometric properties of the original Grit Scale (Grit-O Scale) has not been validated among sexual minority men (SMM). The present study aimed to validate the Grit-O Scale among a sample of older SMM and assess the relationships between the Grit-O Scale factors and symptoms of psychological distress.Method: We used data from a single visit of participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Healthy Aging longitudinal study. The sample included 981 older SMM (mean age = 61, SD = 8.5) with and without HIV. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to identify the two factors of the Grit-O Scale: consistency of interest and perseverance of effort. We also conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of psychological distress from self-reported scales of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress.Results:The Grit-O Scale showed acceptable reliability estimates for the items with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients ranging from 0.77 to 0.82. The CFA identified the two factors of the Grit-O Scale with acceptable model fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.058 [95% CI = 0.050, 0.067], comparative fit index = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.93, standardized root mean square residual = 0.07). The LPA yielded three mutually exclusive profiles of psychological distress (profile 1: low stress, anxiety, and depression; profile 2: high stress and depression and low anxiety; and profile 3: high stress, anxiety, and depression). In adjusted multinominal logistic regression analysis, we found that both higher levels of consistency of interest and perseverance of effort factors of the Grit-O Scale were significantly associated with decreased odds of being in profiles 2 and 3 compared with being in profile 1.Conclusion: Our findings support the use of the Grit-O Scale among older SMM. Grit factors could explain variability in the negative psychological symptoms among older SMM and warrant further investigation.Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2032594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka N Okafor
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mark Brennan-Ing
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deanna Ware
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sabina Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James E Egan
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andre L Brown
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven Meanley
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Reuel Friedman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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The relationship between a positive parenting style and chinese adolescents’ academic grit: A parallel mediating model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Hao Z, Jin L, Huang J, Akram HR, Cui Q. Resilience and problematic smartphone use: a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:36. [PMID: 36639669 PMCID: PMC9838355 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is adversely correlated with resilience. To completely comprehend the mechanism underlying this relationship, however, more investigation is required. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, the method of stratified random cluster sampling was applied. 834 Chinese undergraduate students (aged 17 to 24) were recruited, and self-reported questionnaires were administered to measure their levels of resilience, perceived social support, the sense of school belonging, and habitual and problematic smartphone use. RESULTS The findings showed that resilience both directly and indirectly predicted PSU through perceived social support and the sense of school belonging. Additionally, there were significant moderating effects of habitual smartphone use between resilience and perceived social support, the sense of school belonging, and PSU. CONCLUSIONS Our research identified the negative influence of resilience on PSU, and specifically, highlighted the mediation effects of perceived social support and the sense of school belonging. Of significance, we also found the moderation effect of habitual smartphone use in the development of PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Hao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Institute of Foreign Languages, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangyi Jin
- Shenyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital, No.87 Danan Street, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzi Huang
- Liaoning National Normal College, No. 45, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hafiza Rabia Akram
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 16 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110134, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Shek DTL, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic: The role of life meaning. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1059330. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCOVID-19 is a stressor creating much anxiety for the general public, such as anxiety related to possible infection, social distancing, financial strain and uncertainty. As the scientific literature shows that there is an intimate relationship between anxiety and depression, it is important to ask whether anxiety is related to depression under the pandemic and whether spirituality indexed by life meaning can moderate the relationship between anxiety and depression. According to theories highlighting the importance of life meaning, relative to people with a higher level of life meaning, the relationship between anxiety and depression would be stronger in people with a lower level of life meaning.MethodsEmpirically, we collected data in two waves (i.e., before and after the first wave of COVID-19, respectively) from 4,981 adolescents recruited in Sichuan, China. Then, the 41-item “Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders” was employed to measure anxiety symptoms, 20-item “Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale” was utilized to examine depression symptoms, and the “Spirituality Subscale of the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale” for assessing life meaning.ResultsWe found that anxiety significantly predicted depression at each wave and across time. Second, controlling for Wave 1 depression scores, results showed that a drop in Wave 1 anxiety predicted a drop in depressive symptoms over time. Regarding the relationship between meaning in life and depression, spirituality indexed by meaning in life negatively predicted depression at each wave and over time, and predicted change in depression across time. Finally, multiple regression analyses showed that life meaning moderated the predictive effect of anxiety on depression.DiscussionThe findings support the thesis that spirituality serves as a protective factor for psychological morbidity in Chinese adolescents. The study also suggests the importance of helping adolescents to develop life meaning under COVID-19.
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The interplay between teacher empathy, students’ sense of school belonging, and learning achievement. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-022-00637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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The Influence of Traditional Culture Integration into Chinese Language and Literature Teaching on the Improvement of Mental Health of College Students. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9528503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary college students not only face the pressure brought by their studies but also bear the pressure brought by society and their families. Helping college students correctly understand their mental health and effectively solve their’ mental health diseases has become an important issue in education research. The cultivation of healthy psychological quality is inseparable from the cultivation of a humanistic spirit. Therefore, integrating excellent traditional culture into Chinese language and literature teaching and research and giving full play to and inheriting the educational role of excellent traditional culture can not only improve the literary quality of college students and benefit the construction of healthy mental of college students. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of Chinese excellent traditional culture on the cultivation of college students’ mental health, analyze the impact of traditional culture integration into Chinese language and literature teaching research on improving college students’ mental health, and propose the valuable suggestion for integration of excellent traditional culture into Chinese language and literature teaching research. Firstly, we analyze the benefits of integrating traditional culture in literature to the construction of college students’ healthy psychology; then, the current deficiencies of literature education are analyzed; next, through literature analysis and summary, the main factors affecting the mental health of college students were found and the importance of these factors was evaluated by questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics methods; finally, targeted opinions and suggestions are put forward. This research provides guidance and reference for inheriting excellent national culture through literature education and constructing university health psychology in the future.
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Feng Y, Warmenhoven H, Wilson A, Jin Y, Chen R, Wang Y, Hamer K. The Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) scale: its psychometric properties and associations with help-seeking during COVID-19. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36043217 PMCID: PMC9406260 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Identification With All Humanity (IWAH) scale was designed to measure the extent to which an individual identifies oneself with all human beings. The current research aimed to conduct the validation of IWAH in a Chinese population and its convergent validity, as well as test the implications of IWAH in associations with help-seeking behaviour during COVID-19. A serial of three studies was conducted from September 1st 2020 to the end of October 2020. The series of studies included Study 1- Exploring the dimensions of the IWAH scale with a sample of 2,881 participants, Study 2- Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the Chinese IWAH dimensions with a separate sample of 6,667 participants, and Study 3- Role of the IWAH in the COVID-19 pandemic with a sample of 9,046 participants. Study 1 found the Chinese version of the IWAH scale to be a two-dimensional construct, with factor 1 - Bond with Humanity and factor 2 - Human Kinship. Study 2 confirmed the two-factor construct as found in Study 1. It also showed positive relations between IWAH and moral judgement, collectivism, nature connectedness, and negative relations with callousness, and having anxiety and depressive symptoms. Study 3 found that IWAH was negatively related to fear of COVID-19 and positively related to the likeliness of help-seeking. This is the first research to test the factorial structure of the IWAH scale in a Chinese population, with the adaptation showing good psychometric properties. The implication of IWAH on fear of COVID-19 and help-seeking provided further understanding of the possible practical value of IWAH during times of global stressful life events. Furthermore, study 3 is the first to explore how IWAH relates to anxiety, depression, and callousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- Mental Health Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Helmut Warmenhoven
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Yu Jin
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Katarzyna Hamer
- Institute of Psychology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Ikeda T, Hori D, Sasaki H, Komase Y, Doki S, Takahashi T, Oi Y, Ikeda Y, Arai Y, Muroi K, Ishitsuka M, Matsuura A, Go W, Matsuzaki I, Sasahara S. Prevalence, characteristics, and psychological outcomes of workplace cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional online survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1087. [PMID: 35642023 PMCID: PMC9154040 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid introduction of teleworking due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to concerns about increases in cyberbullying (CB) worldwide. However, little is known about workplace CB in non-Western countries. The first objective was to clarify the prevalence and characteristics regarding workplace CB victimization in Japan. The second objective was to demonstrate the psychological outcomes of CB victimization in combination with traditional bullying (TB). Methods We conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional, Internet-based survey targeting regular employees in Japan (N = 1200) in January 2021. We investigated CB victimization using the Inventory of Cyberbullying Acts at Work and TB victimization by using the Short Negative Act Questionnaire. Possible explanatory factors for TB/CB victimization were sociodemographic variables, personality trait, chronic occupational stress, organizational climate, and gratitude at work. We also measured psychological distress, insomnia, and loneliness to assess adverse effects of workplace bullying. Two-step cluster analysis was used in determining the patterns combined with TB and CB victimization. Hierarchical binomial logistic regression analysis was used. Results In total, 8.0% of employees reported experiencing CB on a weekly basis. CB victimization was associated with younger age, managerial position, higher qualitative workload, and active information dissemination via the Internet, and frequency of teleworking. Three clusters based on TB and CB victimization patterns were identified: those who belong to the first cluster suffered neither from TB and CB (81.0%), the second cluster suffered only from TB (14.3%), and the third cluster suffered from both TB and CB (4.8%). The third cluster exhibited higher odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for psychological distress (OR = 12.63, 95% CI = 4.20–38.03), insomnia (OR = 6.26, 95% CI = 2.80–14.01), and loneliness (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.74–6.04) compared to the first cluster. Conclusions These findings firstly clarify the prevalence and correlated factors of CB victimization among employees in Japan. Further, we showed that psychological wellbeing can be impaired by the coexistence of TB and CB. Our research could be the first step to develop the effective countermeasures against workplace CB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13481-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hori
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Komase
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Shotaro Doki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yu Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yo Arai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kei Muroi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mami Ishitsuka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Asako Matsuura
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Wyi Go
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ichiyo Matsuzaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sasahara
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Hossain B, Chen Y, Bent S, Parenteau C, Widjaja F, Haft SL, Hoeft F, Hendren RL. The role of grit and resilience in children with reading disorder: a longitudinal cohort study. ANNALS OF DYSLEXIA 2022; 72:1-27. [PMID: 34324164 PMCID: PMC8898035 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-021-00238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have suggested that grit and resilience predict both academic and career success. However, these qualities have not been examined in children with reading disorder (RD). We therefore investigated whether grit and resilience were associated with anxiety, depression, academic performance, and quality of life (QOL) in these students. This 3-year longitudinal cohort study included 163 participants with RD from 3 schools. Evaluations were completed by parents and/or teachers every 3 months. The Grit and Resilience Scale was adapted from the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the 12-item Grit Scale. Outcome measures included anxiety (School Anxiety Scale - Teacher Report and the 8-item Spence Children's Anxiety Scale), depression (Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire), academic performance, and QOL (Pediatric QOL Inventory 4.0). Multivariate linear regression models (adjusting for age and sex) assessed the associations at baseline. Repeated measures analysis using mixed-effects models assessed the relationship longitudinally. There were statistically significant associations between grit and resilience and all outcomes at baseline and over time. After adjusting for age and sex, improved grit and resilience was associated with decreased anxiety (β = - 0.4, p < 0.001) and improved academic performance (β = 0.5, p < 0.001) when grit and resilience was measured by teachers, as well as decreased depression (β = - 0.3, p < 0.001) and improved QOL (β = 0.6, p < 0.001) when grit and resilience was measured by parents. Grit and resilience are significantly related to mental health, academic performance, and QOL in children with RD. This suggests that interventions to improve grit and resilience may lead to positive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Hossain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Yingtong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen Bent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - China Parenteau
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Felicia Widjaja
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephanie L Haft
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, USA
| | - Robert L Hendren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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22
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Goulet-Stock S, Leadbeater BJ. The Protective Role of Grit against Alcohol and Cannabis Use through Young Adulthood. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1779-1787. [PMID: 36062353 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2115846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Problematic substance use in young adulthood is consistently related to negative outcomes later in life. Understanding the factors that protect against problematic substance provides opportunities for early preventive intervention. We examine the protective role of grit - passion and perseverance for long-term goals - on substance use through young adulthood, a period of heightening risks for substance use. Methods: In this research, we use cross-lagged panel models and data from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey (N = 477, 52% female) to test the reciprocal within-time associations and the directional relationships between grit (passion and perseverance) and substance use (cannabis and alcohol) across three assessments (6 years, ages 18-29). All models controlled for sex and SES. Results: Significant findings show negative within-time associations between passions and perseverance and cannabis use at T1 (ages 18-24) and at T2 (ages 20-26), and significant, negative within-time associations between passion and perseverance and alcohol use (heavy episodic drinking) at T1 but not at T2. No significant across-time associations between passion and perseverance and substance use were found. Conclusion: Preventive interventions to enhance passion and perseverance may provide important targets for interventions for young adults to reduce current substance use. However, grit did not have an effect beyond the stability of cannabis use or alcohol use over time, suggesting effects may act by substituting proactive goals for current substance use.
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Description of a student success program to increase support, coping, and self-efficacy among under-represented minority nursing students in the wake of the dual pandemics of COVID-19 and racial violence. J Prof Nurs 2022; 43:42-52. [PMID: 36496243 PMCID: PMC9484985 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing the size and diversity of the nursing workforce is an important priority. Here, we describe a student success program to increase students' perceived support, coping, and self-efficacy for completing the nursing program among underrepresented racial/ethnic minority students in nursing education following the dual pandemics of COVID-19 and racial injustice. METHODS In collaboration with the Urban Health Program at the University of Illinois Chicago, we conducted a 15-week online student success pilot program with a volunteer sample of upper-level undergraduate nursing students. The curriculum for the program included topics centered on traditional student success topics and psychological, emotional, and contextual issues associated with student success. The sessions were conducted weekly throughout the Spring and Fall semesters of 2021, lasting 90-min. Quality improvement evaluations included weekly process variables and a post-test assessment. RESULTS Participants (N = 35) were primarily female and Hispanic. The program was acceptable, with participants very satisfied with the weekly sessions (83 %). Post-evaluations revealed self-reported improvements in peer support (69 %), confidence in reaching educational goals (94 %), handling microaggressions (77 %), coping with adversity (80 %), stress levels (63 %), and thoughts about leaving the program (86 %). CONCLUSIONS This student success program shows promise for improving general and minority-specific factors associated with student success. Additional development and evaluation are needed to determine the program's benefits for a larger group of nursing students.
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Umucu E, Lo CL, Lee B, Vargas-Medrano J, Diaz-Pacheco V, Misra K, Martin SL, Thompson PM, Gadad BS. Is Gratitude Associated With Suicidal Ideation in Veterans With Mental Illness and Student Veterans With PTSD Symptoms? J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:26-31. [PMID: 34417422 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study is aimed to identify the effect of gratitude as an adaptive regulating mechanism from suicidal ideation (SI) for veterans with mental illness (study 1) and student veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (study 2) in the United States. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic characteristics and relationships between gratitude and SI. Our study 1 consisted of 156 veterans with mental illness. The mean age for study 1 was 37.85. Our study 2 consisted of 232 student veterans with PTSD symptoms. The mean age for study 2 was 28.43. Higher gratitude scores in study 1 and study 2 were significantly associated with lower SI scores after adjusting for demographics and depression. This study partially supports the association between gratitude and SI in veterans with mental illness. Based on the results from this study, gratitude interventions may be effective in reducing SI when working with veterans with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Chu-Ling Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso
| | - Beatrice Lee
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | | | - Kiran Misra
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Sarah L Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine
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25
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Examining the relationship between gratitude and rumination: The mediating role of forgiveness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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He C, Wu D, Yang L, Yang L, Yue Y. Psychometric Properties of the Grit-S in Chinese Nurses. Front Psychol 2021; 12:766055. [PMID: 34795621 PMCID: PMC8592908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.766055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grit, as a positive psychological trait, could affect the stability of nursing workforce and nurses’ physical and mental health continuously. The Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) with fewer items than the original Grit Scale was widely used to measure individual trait-level grit. However, the psychological properties of Grit-S among Chinese nurses have not been verified. A self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire was used to investigate 709 Chinese nurses in the study, and Grit-S, Big Five Inventory-44, Brief Self-Control Scale, 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and Task Performance Scale were adopted to collect information of grit, personality, self-control, resilience, and work performance. The confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to verify the psychometric properties of the Grit-S. The results demonstrated that the Grit-S had sound validity and reliability among Chinese nurse samples and had good measurement invariance across nurses in general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals. The results of this study provide confidence in using the grit measurement among Chinese nurse in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiu He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Nursing, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchuan Yue
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Li J, Li Y. The Role of Grit on Students' Academic Success in Experiential Learning Context. Front Psychol 2021; 12:774149. [PMID: 34733225 PMCID: PMC8559125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.774149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Students' success as a cognitive issue in learning is prejudiced by proper learning approaches which improve their comprehension and achievement. In an attempt to scrutinize supplementary or alternate variables that envisage students' success, the researcher inspected a non-cognitive factor, namely grit, theorized as passion and perseverance due to its long-term quality, on the one hand, and its popularity among scholars in preceding decades on the other hand. Moreover, experiential learning (EL) is a momentous instructional approach used in the educational process to accelerate "do it and learn." The proposed review aims to gauge the EL approach as well as grit to regulate learners' educational success. Consequently, some pedagogical implications are presented for teachers, students, and syllabus designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Li
- School of Foreign Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Administration, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing, China
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Allen KA, Gray DL, Baumeister RF, Leary MR. The Need to Belong: a Deep Dive into the Origins, Implications, and Future of a Foundational Construct. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2021; 34:1133-1156. [PMID: 34483627 PMCID: PMC8405711 DOI: 10.1007/s10648-021-09633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The need to belong in human motivation is relevant for all academic disciplines that study human behavior, with immense importance to educational psychology. The presence of belonging, specifically school belonging, has powerful long- and short-term implications for students’ positive psychological and academic outcomes. This article presents a brief review of belonging research with specific relevance to educational psychology. Following this is an interview with Emeritus Professors Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary, foundational pioneers in belonging research which reflects upon their influential 1995 paper, “The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation,” to explore the value and relevance of belonging for understanding human behavior and promoting well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Ann Allen
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - DeLeon L Gray
- Department of Teacher Education and Learning Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Roy F Baumeister
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mark R Leary
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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Abdul Kadir NB, Mohd RH. The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development, Purpose in Life, Hope, and Well-Being Among Emerging Adults in Malaysia. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641876. [PMID: 34335359 PMCID: PMC8319496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence supports Lerner and colleagues' 5Cs model of positive youth development (PYD) in the United States (U.S.). Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether the 5Cs can be used to identify positive development in the under-researched Asian contexts, such as Malaysia. Thus, this study examined the 5Cs of PYD (competence, confidence, character, connection, and caring) and their importance to purpose in life, hope, and well-being in a sample of emerging adult undergraduate university students in Malaysia. Data were collected from 400 participants from 15 Malaysian universities (132 males, 268 females; ages ranged from 18 to 26 years old, M = 22). A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that two of the 5Cs of PYD (confidence and connection) as well as hope were important to explaining variation in well-being. The findings imply that there are strong links between PYD, especially confidence and connection, and well-being, while purpose in life and hope were indirectly related to the 2Cs (confidence and connection) of PYD and well-being. Therefore, mental health professionals are encouraged to review and redefine their treatment design to include confidence, connection, purpose in life and hope when working with Malaysian emerging adult university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Ba'yah Abdul Kadir
- Psychology Program, Center for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Rusyda Helma Mohd
- Human Development Program, Center for Research in Psychology and Human Well-being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Interest Consistency Can Buffer the Effect of COVID-19 Fear on Psychological Distress. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021; 20:3044-3055. [PMID: 34093094 PMCID: PMC8169415 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of a recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the present study investigated the buffering effect of grit on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress. The data were collected from 224 Japanese participants (98 females; mean age = 46.56, SD = 13.41) in July 2020. The measures used in this study included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Short Grit Scale, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS). The results of mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects of consistency of interest, a major component of grit, on psychological distress (depression: estimate = .042; 95% CI: [.008, .088], anxiety: estimate = .021; 95% CI: [.001, .050], and stress: estimate = .030; 95% CI: [.004, .066]); we also found non-significant indirect effects of perseverance of effort, another major component of grit, on psychological distress. These results suggest that consistency of interest buffers the psychological distress induced by fear of COVID-19. Based on these results, it can be concluded that individuals with higher consistency of interest are less likely to experience worsening of their mental health, even if they experience fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Singh
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Delhi NCR, India
| | - Surekha Chukkali
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Delhi NCR, India
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Jin L, Hao Z, Huang J, Akram HR, Saeed MF, Ma H. Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with problematic smartphone use under the COVID-19 epidemic: The mediation models. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 121:105875. [PMID: 36540404 PMCID: PMC9756353 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 epidemic has brought wide psychological impacts on the young adults. To investigate the depression and anxiety symptoms and their associations with problematic smartphone use under the COVID-19 epidemic, a total of 847 Chinese undergraduate students joined in this study and were measured with their levels of depression and anxiety symptoms, resilience, perceived social support, the sense of school belonging and problematic smartphone use. Results showed that among the Chinese undergraduate students, the disorder rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were 29.16% and 46.64% respectively, and their symptoms ranged from mild to extreme severe. Depression and anxiety symptoms both positively predicted problematic smartphone use. Resilience, perceived social support and the sense of school belonging partially mediated both associations; resilience and the sense of school belonging exerted buffering effects, while perceived social support exacerbated the impacts. The current study advanced our understanding of the COVID-19 impacts and furthermore, suggested the protective factors for mitigating these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Jin
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
- Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 87 Danan Street, Shenhe District, 110011 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zejun Hao
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jinzi Huang
- Liaoning National Normal College, No. 45, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, 110032 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Hafiza Rabia Akram
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Muhammad Farhan Saeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Haibo Ma
- Guidaojiaotong Polytechnic Institute, No. 5 17A, N0. 13 Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, 110023 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
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Hou J, Yu Q, Lan X. COVID-19 Infection Risk and Depressive Symptoms Among Young Adults During Quarantine: The Moderating Role of Grit and Social Support. Front Psychol 2021; 11:577942. [PMID: 33488448 PMCID: PMC7820677 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated that the adverse consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may go beyond its economic hardships and physical health concerns, having a significant influence on psychological distress for individuals under quarantine. Nevertheless, relatively little attention has been paid to exploring the risk and protective factors in the link between COVID-19 infection risk and psychological distress among young adults. Following a socioecological framework, the current study examines the moderating role of grit (perseverance and consistency) and social support in the association between COVID-19 infection risk and depressive symptoms. A sample of 1,251 young adults under home quarantine (62.6% female; M age = 20.92 years, SD = 1.47; age ranged from 18 to 25 years) was involved in this study, and they were asked to complete a set of self-reported questionnaires online. Results of a linear regression analysis exhibited that COVID-19 infection risk was positively associated with depressive symptoms in young adults in quarantine. Moreover, moderation analyses showed that this association was moderated by perseverance and social support. To be specific, for those reporting higher levels of social support, this linkage was not significantly positive; in contrast, for those reporting lower levels of social support, perseverance was a significant protective factor for depressive symptoms when young adults were exposed to a high infection risk of COVID-19. The current study suggests that greater social support is essential to helping young adults deal with possible negative emotions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, university-based counseling services should pay specific attention to those young adults with relatively insufficient social support resources and low levels of perseverance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- College of General Aviation, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Qingyun Yu
- Counseling Center for Mental Health Education, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lan
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Mosanya M. Buffering Academic Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic Related Social Isolation: Grit and Growth Mindset as Protective Factors against the Impact of Loneliness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 6:159-174. [PMID: 33083519 PMCID: PMC7561702 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-020-00043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of the SARS CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19 sickness, constitutes a global challenge to well-being. Positive psychology constructs of grit and growth mindset may offer a solution to this challenge as both are associated with psychological resilience. A growth mindset describes the underlying beliefs people have about the malleability of intelligence, and grit refers to dedication to long-term goals. The present study explored whether such constructs could constitute protective factors against the academic stress associated with loneliness and perceived lack of control among international students (n = 170) during social isolation, induced by COVID-19 restrictions. The results of a hierarchical multiple regression model explained 36% of the variance in academic stress with a perceived lack of control (ß = .53, p < .001) and growth mindset (ß = -.22, p < .001) being significant direct predictors. Moderation analysis explained 17% of the variance and confirmed that a level of dispositional grit moderated the detrimental influence loneliness had on academic stress. Simple slopes analysis revealed a significant effect for moderate (β = .07, p = .01) and high (β = .16, p = .001) levels of grit. Our findings suggest that grit and growth mindset, as dynamic variables, could be taught to students as resilience-building prevention of academic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, our results have shown that parents (37%) and friends (32%) were most frequently identified by students as supporters during the COVID-19 pandemic with minimal reported support from universities (2.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mosanya
- The Institute of Psychology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza, 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland
- Middlesex University Dubai, Knowledge Park, Block 16, Al Soufuh 2, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Zhang MX, Yang HM, Tong KK, Wu AMS. The prospective effect of purpose in life on gambling disorder and psychological flourishing among university students. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:756-765. [PMID: 32817587 PMCID: PMC8943680 DOI: 10.1556/jba-9-756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gambling disorder (GD) is a mental disorder with a relatively higher prevalence in university students compared to adolescents and adults. Its reciprocity with mental being indicators, such as psychological flourishing, would be expected, but prior to this study had not yet been empirically examined. In addition, the predictive value of purpose in life (PIL) on university students' GD and psychological flourishing also remained unknown. This 1-year longitudinal study was the first to test the potential bidirectional relationships among PIL, self-reported GD symptoms, and psychological flourishing. METHODS In this study, a total of 283 university students (39.6% females; age = 18-27 years, M = 20.47, SD = 1.15) completed an anonymous questionnaire at both baseline and a year later in a follow-up study. RESULTS The results of our cross-lagged analysis did not show the hypothesized reciprocity between GD symptoms and psychological flourishing (P > 0.05). However, PIL significantly predicted fewer GD symptoms (β = -0.23, P < 0.001) and higher levels of psychological flourishing (β = 0.30, P < 0.001) in the follow-up study. Moreover, psychological flourishing predicted PIL a year later. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the potential efficacy of purpose/meaning oriented interventions in gambling prevention and in well-being promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Hong Mian Yang
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Kwok-Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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Arslan G, Allen KA, Ryan T. Exploring the Impacts of School Belonging on Youth Wellbeing and Mental Health among Turkish Adolescents. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2020; 13:1619-1635. [DOI: 10.1007/s12187-020-09721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Uncovering the Moderating Role of Grit and Gender in the Association between Teacher Autonomy Support and Social Competence among Chinese Undergraduate Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176398. [PMID: 32887420 PMCID: PMC7504219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Does teacher autonomy support significantly facilitate the social competence of undergraduate students in a collective cultural context? Does this study association vary by individual characteristics, such as grit and students’ gender? To answer these research questions, we examine the association between teacher autonomy support and social competence. Moreover, we ascertain whether two dimensions of grit (perseverance and consistency) and/or gender may moderate this association. A convenience sample of 1009 Chinese undergraduate students (Mage = 20.66; SD = 1.30, 47.4% female) was involved in this study, and they were asked to complete a set of self-report questionnaires online. Results of linear regression analyses revealed that (a) teacher autonomy support was positively associated with social competence, and (b) when reporting higher levels of consistency, this association was significantly positive for both males and females; by contrast, when reporting lower levels of consistency, this association was only significant for males but not for females. The current study indicates the beneficial role of teacher autonomy support in undergraduate students’ social competence in a collective cultural context. Furthermore, university-based intervention or prevention programs should focus on facilitating teacher autonomy support for all students; it is noteworthy that, for female students, enhancing consistency should also be incorporated into these programs.
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Zhang MX, Yang HM, Tong KK, Wu AMS. The prospective effect of purpose in life on gambling disorder and psychological flourishing among university students. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:756-765. [PMID: 32817587 PMCID: PMC8943680 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gambling disorder (GD) is a mental disorder with a relatively higher prevalence in university students compared to adolescents and adults. Its reciprocity with mental being indicators, such as psychological flourishing, would be expected, but prior to this study had not yet been empirically examined. In addition, the predictive value of purpose in life (PIL) on university students' GD and psychological flourishing also remained unknown. This 1-year longitudinal study was the first to test the potential bidirectional relationships among PIL, self-reported GD symptoms, and psychological flourishing. METHODS In this study, a total of 283 university students (39.6% females; age = 18-27 years, M = 20.47, SD = 1.15) completed an anonymous questionnaire at both baseline and a year later in a follow-up study. RESULTS The results of our cross-lagged analysis did not show the hypothesized reciprocity between GD symptoms and psychological flourishing (P > 0.05). However, PIL significantly predicted fewer GD symptoms (β = -0.23, P < 0.001) and higher levels of psychological flourishing (β = 0.30, P < 0.001) in the follow-up study. Moreover, psychological flourishing predicted PIL a year later. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the potential efficacy of purpose/meaning oriented interventions in gambling prevention and in well-being promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Hong Mian Yang
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Kwok-Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China,Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Li Y, Tong KK, Tao VYK, Zhang MX, Wu AMS. Testing the Associations among Social Axioms, School Belonging, and Flourishing in University Students: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:749-769. [PMID: 32578946 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This longitudinal study investigated the temporal stability of social axioms, which are generalised social beliefs, and tested their prospective effects on individuals' flourishing, among students, as well as the extent to which they can be potentially mediated by perceived sense of belonging at school. METHODS Participants were 195 Chinese university students, who voluntarily completed a questionnaire measuring social axioms (at baseline, 1-year follow-up, and 2-year follow-up studies), school belonging (at 1-year follow-up study), and flourishing (at baseline and 2-year follow-up studies). RESULTS Results showed supportive evidence for five types of social axioms being generally stable across these time intervals. After controlling for baseline flourishing, high baseline social cynicism significantly predicted a lower level of follow-up flourishing, whereas high baseline reward for application predicted a higher level of follow-up flourishing. Furthermore, higher levels of social cynicism predicted lower levels of school belonging, and the latter partially mediated the effect of social cynicism on follow-up flourishing. CONCLUSIONS All social axioms are relatively stable across time. Social cynicism, reward for applications, and school belonging are the most salient predictors for flourishing among Chinese university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- University of Macau, Macao, China
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Zhang MX, Wang X, Yu SM, Wu AMS. Purpose in life, social support, and internet gaming disorder among Chinese university students: A 1-year follow-up study. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106070. [PMID: 31430620 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Given the high prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among university students and the beneficial effects of positive psychological factors on mental illness, the present longitudinal research aimed to investigate whether purpose in life and social support yields long-term results in protecting university students from IGD. METHODS We recruited 469 Chinese university students to voluntarily fill out an anonymous questionnaire at baseline, and 283 of them were followed up and given similar measures after one year. RESULTS The prevalence of probable IGD at the baseline and follow-up surveys was 14.8% and 9.9% respectively. Purpose in life and social support were negatively correlated with IGD symptoms in both surveys (p < .05). The results of a cross-lagged analysis showed that purpose in life, but not social support, assessed at baseline predicted fewer IGD symptoms at follow-up (p < .001). In addition, social support and purpose in life predicted one another across time. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of probable IGD was high among Chinese university students. Purpose in life was shown to be an effective significant protective factor against IGD, while the effect of social support might be indirect. Positive psychology interventions, which promote the search for and attainment life purpose, may be incorporated in school-based program for IGD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Shu M Yu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, China.
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Musumari PM, Tangmunkongvorakul A, Srithanaviboonchai K, Techasrivichien T, Suguimoto SP, Ono-Kihara M, Kihara M. Grit is associated with lower level of depression and anxiety among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209121. [PMID: 30550597 PMCID: PMC6294431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety symptoms are prevalent among university students in both developed and developing settings. Recently, grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, has emerged as an indicator of success and well-being. However, the relationship between grit and poor mental health outcomes among university students is largely unknown. The current study investigates the relationship of grit with depression and anxiety among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2018 among university students aged 18-24 years from Chiang Mai University, the first largest university in Chiang Mai Province. Depression and anxiety were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Scales, respectively. Grit was measured using the 8-item Short Grit Scale (GRIT-S). Grit scores were grouped into three categories: low (below the 25th percentile); average (from the 25th to the 75th percentiles); and high (above the 75th percentile). The other covariates included variables such self-esteem and socio-demographic variables. RESULTS Of the 800 participants included in the study, 405 (50.6%) were female and 395 (49.4%) were male. Respectively 21.4% and 7.8% of the participants had depression and clinical symptoms of GAD. Increasing levels of grit negatively correlated with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores. Participants with high level of grit scored respectively 1.69 points (P <0.001) and 1.71 points (P < 0.001) lower on the PHQ-9 scale and GAD-7 scores. Similarly, self-esteem was negatively associated with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the negative correlation of grit with poor mental health outcomes, particularly depression and anxiety. Interventions designed to improve grit could play an essential role in the prevention of adverse mental health outcomes among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patou Masika Musumari
- Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Teeranee Techasrivichien
- Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S. Pilar Suguimoto
- Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Ono-Kihara
- Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kihara
- Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
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