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Qu S, Zhao Y, Zhang K, Wang J, Li M, Yang X, Ren X, Hao Y, Yu R. Multi-isotopes (δD, δ 18O water, 87Sr/ 86Sr, δ 34S and δ 18O sulfate) as indicators for groundwater salinization genesis and evolution of a large agricultural drainage lake basin in Inner Mongolia, Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174181. [PMID: 38917902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater salinization, a major eco-environmental problem in arid and semi-arid areas, can accelerate soil salinization, reducing crop productivity and imbalances in ecosystem diversity. This study classified water samples collected from the Ulansuhai Lake basin into five clusters using self-organizing maps (SOM). On this basis, multiple isotopes (δ18Owater, δD, 87Sr/86Sr, δ18Osulfate and δ34S) and isotopic models (Rayleigh fractionation and Bayesian isotope mixing models) were used to identify and quantify the genesis and evolution of groundwater salinization. The results showed that the samples were brackish or saline water, and the hydrochemical types were dominated by Na + K-Cl (SO4). It has been proved that the processes associated with groundwater salinization in the Ulansuhai Lake basin were dominated by water-rock interaction and human inputs. Among them, evaporite dissolution contributed substantially to groundwater salinity. Furthermore, salt inputs from human activities cannot be negligible. Based on the model calculations, evaporite dissolution accounted for the most significant proportion of all sources, with a mean value of 53 %. In addition, human inputs from regular agricultural activities (28 % from sewage and manure and 8 % from fertilizers) constituted another vital source of groundwater salinization associated with extensive agricultural activities in the study area. This study's results can deepen our understanding of the genesis of groundwater salinization and the evolution of the agricultural drainage lake basin. This knowledge will assist the Environmental Protection Department in developing effective policies for groundwater management in the Yellow River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Qu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Juliang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Muhan Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Qu S, Wang C, Liang X, Luo A, Shi Z, Wang G, Yu R. Regional characteristics of groundwater sulfate source and evolution in the multi-layer aquifer system of the northern Shaanxi coal mine base, northwestern China: Evidence from geochemical and isotopic fingerprints. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135866. [PMID: 39293170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater sulfate contamination in mining areas has attracted widespread attention. However, deciphering the source and evolution of sulfate in large-scale mining areas remains a challenge due to intense anthropogenic influences and complex hydrogeological conditions. In this study, 94 groundwater samples were analyzed by a combination of self-organizing maps, MixSiar model, multi-isotope analyses (δ34S, δ18OSO4, δD and δ18Owater) and hydrogeochemical methods to investigate the regional characteristics of groundwater sulfate source and evolution in China's largest coalfield (the Shenfuyu Coalfield). The results showed that the source and evolution of groundwater sulfate were controlled by human activities (mining and agricultural activities) and hydrogeological conditions. The groundwater sulfate primarily originated from pyrite oxidation, gypsum dissolution and human inputs. For the mining districts with shallow mining depths, pyrite oxidation and fertilizer contributed to groundwater sulfate. In addition, the ground cracks and abandoned mines controlled the BSR and pyrite oxidation processes. In contrast, the gypsum dissolution and cation exchange dominated the sulfate evolution in the mining districts with deep mining depths due to slow groundwater circulation. This study provided new insights into the source and evolution of groundwater sulfate in large coalfields, as well as references for regional water resource utilization and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Qu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Chenyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyang Liang
- Xi'an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ankun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Xi'an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zheming Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangcai Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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Bi K, Wang Y, Li Z, Gao S, Zou H, Li L. Traceability of gushing water in the MiddleRoute of the South-to-North Water Diversion (Beijing section) through the river area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121450. [PMID: 38875987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
To trace the origin of the gushing water in the riverine area of the Beijing section of The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, a dataset was established comprising water chemistry, three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, and stable isotopes for different water bodies. Results indicated significant differences in Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Ca2+ concentration among the gushing water, river water, and the water from the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRSD). Analysis using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and fluorescence index revealed that dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the MRSD mainly originated from endogenous sources, while the river water and gushing water showed influences from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Nitrate sources varied among the water bodies, with distinct contributions from domestic sewage and fertilizer sources. The evaporation lines of river water and gushing water exhibited similar intercepts and slopes, but their intercepts and slopes are much smaller than those of the MRSD, suggesting stronger kinetic evaporative fractionation. In conclusion, the gushing water in the riverine area of the MRSD was determined to originate from the river, providing a fast and efficient method for gushing water source identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Bi
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Research institutes Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Environmental and Ecological Technology for River Basins,Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing South-North Water Diversion main line management office, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Research institutes Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Environmental and Ecological Technology for River Basins,Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Research institutes Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Environmental and Ecological Technology for River Basins,Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Sai Gao
- Beijing South-North Water Diversion main line management office, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Research institutes Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Environmental and Ecological Technology for River Basins,Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, China
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Pérez-de-Mora A, de Wilde H, Paulus D, Roosa S, Onderwater R, Paint Y, Avignone Rossa C, Farkas D. Biostimulation of sulfate reduction for in-situ metal(loid) precipitation at an industrial site in Flanders, Belgium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172298. [PMID: 38615778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A 30-month pilot study was conducted to evaluate the potential of in-situ metal(loid) removal through biostimulation of sulfate-reducing processes. The study took place at an industrial site in Flanders, Belgium, known for metal(loid) contamination in soil and groundwater. Biostimulation involved two incorporations of an organic substrate (emulsified vegetable oil) as electron donor and potassium bicarbonate to raise the pH of the groundwater by 1-1.5 units. The study focused on the most impacted permeable fine sand aquifer (8-9 m below groundwater level) confined by layers of non-permeable clay. The fine sands exhibited initially oxic conditions (50-200 mV), an acidic pH of 4.5 and sulfate concentrations ranging from 600 to 800 mg/L. At the central monitoring well, anoxic conditions (-200 to -400 mV) and a pH of 5.9 established shortly after the second substrate and reagent injection. Over the course of 12 months, there was a significant decrease in the concentration of arsenic (from 2500 to 12 μg/L), nickel (from 360 to <2 μg/L), zinc (from 78,000 to <2 μg/L), and sulfate (from 930 to 450 mg/L). Low levels of metal(loid)s were still present after 34 months (end of study). Mineralogical analysis indicated that the precipitates formed were amorphous in nature. Evidence for biologically driven metal(loid) precipitation was provided by compound specific stable isotope analysis of sulfate. In addition, changes in microbial populations were assessed using next-generation sequencing, revealing stimulation of native sulfate-reducing bacteria. These results highlight the potential of biostimulation for long-term in situ metal(loid) plume treatment/containment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herwig de Wilde
- TAUW België nv, Dept. of Soil & Groundwater, Waaslandlaan 8A3, 9160 Lokeren, Belgium
| | - Dirk Paulus
- TAUW België nv, Dept. of Soil & Groundwater, Remylaan 4C, Bus 3, 3018 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Roosa
- Materia NOVA Institute, 6 Avenue du champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Rob Onderwater
- Materia NOVA Institute, 6 Avenue du champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Yoann Paint
- Materia NOVA Institute, 6 Avenue du champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Claudio Avignone Rossa
- University of Surrey, Deptartment of Microbial Sciences, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Farkas
- University of Surrey, Deptartment of Microbial Sciences, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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Tian Y, Liu Q, Ji Y, Dang Q, Sun Y, He X, Liu Y, Su J. Prediction of sulfate concentrations in groundwater in areas with complex hydrogeological conditions based on machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171312. [PMID: 38423319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The persistent and increasing levels of sulfate due to a variety of human activities over the last decades present a widely concerning environmental issue. Understanding the controlling factors of groundwater sulfate and predicting sulfate concentration is critical for governments or managers to provide information on groundwater protection. In this study, the integration of self-organizing map (SOM) approach and machine learning (ML) modeling offers the potential to determine the factors and predict sulfate concentrations in the Huaibei Plain, where groundwater is enriched with sulfate and the areas have complex hydrogeological conditions. The SOM calculation was used to illustrate groundwater hydrochemistry and analyze the correlations among the hydrochemical parameters. Three ML algorithms including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and back propagation neural network (BPNN) were adopted to predict sulfate levels in groundwater by using 501 groundwater samples and 8 predictor variables. The prediction performance was evaluated through statistical metrics (R2, MSE and MAE). Mine drainage mainly facilitated increase in groundwater SO42- while gypsum dissolution and pyrite oxidation were found another two potential sources. The major water chemistry type was Ca-HCO3. The dominant cation was Na+ while the dominant anion was HCO3-. There was an intuitive correlation between groundwater sulfate and total dissolved solids (TDS), Cl-, and Na+. By using input variables identified by the SOM method, the evaluation results of ML algorithms showed that the R2, MSE and MAE of RF, SVM, BPNN were 0.43-0.70, 0.16-0.49 and 0.25-0.44. Overall, BPNN showed the best prediction performance and had higher R2 values and lower error indices. TDS and Na+ had a high contribution to the prediction accuracy. These findings are crucial for developing groundwater protection and remediation policies, enabling more sustainable management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Quanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qiuling Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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6
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Li Y, Liu M, Wu X. Insights into biogeochemistry and hot spots distribution characteristics of redox-sensitive elements in the hyporheic zone: Transformation mechanisms and contributing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170587. [PMID: 38309342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Biogeochemical hot spots play a crucial role in the cycling and transport of redox-sensitive elements (RSEs) in the hyporheic zone (HZ). However, the transformation mechanisms of RSEs and patterns of RSEs hot spots in the HZ remain poorly understood. In this study, hydrochemistry and multi-isotope (N/C/S/O) datasets were collected to investigate the transformation mechanisms of RSEs, and explore the distribution characteristics of RSEs transformation hot spots. The results showed that spatial variability in key drivers was evident, while temporal change in RSEs concentration was not significant, except for dissolved organic carbon. Bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) was the primary biogeochemical process for sulfate and occurred throughout the area. Ammonium enrichment was mainly caused by the mineralization of nitrogenous organic matter and anthropogenic inputs, with adsorption serving as the primary attenuation mechanism. Carbon dynamics were influenced by various biogeochemical processes, with dissolved organic carbon mainly derived from C3 plants and dissolved inorganic carbon from weathering of carbonate rocks and decomposition of organic matter. The peak contribution of dissolved organic carbon decomposition to the DIC pool was 46.44 %. The concentration thresholds for the ammonium enrichment and BSR hot spots were identified as 1.5 mg/L and 8.84 mg/L, respectively. The distribution pattern of RSEs hot spots was closely related to the hydrogeological conditions. Our findings reveal the complex evolution mechanisms and hot spots distribution characteristics of RSEs in the HZ, providing a basis for the safe utilization and protection of groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiong Wu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Xu L, Song S, Graham NJD, Yu W. Simultaneous removal of NOM and sulfate in a bioelectrochemical integrated biofilter treating reclaimed water. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121193. [PMID: 38290239 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Biofiltration is an environmentally 'green' technology that is compatible with the recently proposed sustainable development goals, and which has an increasingly important future in the field of water treatment. Here, we explored the impacts of bioelectrochemical integration on a bench-scale slow rate biofiltration system regarding its performance in reclaimed water treatment. Results showed that the short-term (<3 months) integration improved the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) (approximately 8.8%). After long-term (5 months and thereafter) integration, the cathodic charge transfer resistance was found to have a significant reduction from 2662 to 1350 Ω. Meanwhile, bioelectrochemical autotrophic sulfate (SO42-) reduction (over 27.6% reduction) through the syntrophic metabolism between hydrogen oxidation strains (genus Hydrogenophaga) and sulfate-reducing microbes (genera Dethiobacter, Desulfovibrio, and Desulfomicrobium) at the cathodic region was observed. More significantly, the microbial-derived chromophoric humic substances were found to act as electron shuttles at the cathodic region, which might facilitate the process of bioelectrochemical SO42- reduction. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into the potential application of bioelectrochemical-integrated biofilter for simultaneous reduction of NOM and SO42- treating reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shian Song
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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8
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Xu Y, Liu W, Xu B, Xu Z. Riverine sulfate sources and behaviors in arid environment, Northwest China: Constraints from sulfur and oxygen isotopes. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:716-731. [PMID: 37980054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The fate of riverine sulfate ion (SO42-) and its environmental effects in arid environment are difficult to evaluate due to its complicated sources and strongly coupled behaviors with water cycle which is significantly modified by humans. To understand the sulfur cycle in aquatic systems in arid environment, the chemical and sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4) of major rivers around the Badain Jaran Desert, northwestern China, were investigated. These rivers had averaged SO42- content at 1336 µmol/L, over 10 times higher than the global average. The δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values ranged from -5.3‰ to +11.8‰ and +1.6‰ to +12.8‰, respectively. The end-member analysis and the inverse model showed that riverine sulfate was mainly derived from evaporites dissolution (0-87%), sulfide oxidation (13%-100%) and precipitation (0-33%), indicating heterogeneity in sulfur sources and behaviors along the river drainage with the lithology variations and climate gradients. Multiple isotopic tools combining with hydro-chemistry compositions could be applied to reveal sulfur cycle in arid environment. Based on the calculation, sulfide oxidation plays the primary role in the headwater and upstream in the Qilian-Mountains area, where sulfide is widely exposed. While the proportion of evaporites dissolution contributing to riverine sulfate is much higher in downstream in a drier environment. Besides, less precipitation and higher temperature can lead to more intensive evaporation, affecting the process of sulfide oxidation and enhancing the rates of evaporites dissolution and sulfate precipitation in the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Zhang D, Xue T, Xiao J, Chai N, Gong SG. Significant influence of water diversion and anthropogenic input on riverine sulfate based on sulfur and oxygen isotopes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132622. [PMID: 37757557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The transportation of dissolved sulfate (SO42-) to the ocean via river systems plays a critical role in the global sulfur cycle. However, the increasing anthropogenic input has made it challenging to quantify the various pristine contributions accurately. The riverine sulfur and oxygen isotopes of sulfates (δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4) and the advantages of the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo model were used to distinguish the anthropogenic input in Fenhe River, a tributary of the Yellow River. The SO42- concentrations and δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values of the mainstream river were normally distributed with minor seasonal variations (P > 0.05). However, the upstream riverine SO42- concentrations were significantly altered by the water diversion from the Yellow River. The midstream and downstream sections exhibited a continuous increase in the riverine SO42- concentration and δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values during both seasons. The coal mining drainage significantly impacted the tributaries near coal mining activities, and chemical fertilizers and sewage contributed more sulfate in the midstream and downstream sections. The yearly sulfate flux of the Fenhe River accounted for 4.2% of that of Yellow River, among which over 60% was from anthropogenic sources. The average δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values had elevated to 11.0‰ and 6.0‰, respectively, due to the extensive input of anthropogenic sulfate. Our findings confirm the utility of δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 for tracing anthropogenic input and underscore its impacts on river systems and the global sulfur cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Tian Xue
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ningpan Chai
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Shang-Gui Gong
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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10
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Mia MY, Haque ME, Islam ARMT, Jannat JN, Jion MMMF, Islam MS, Siddique MAB, Idris AM, Senapathi V, Talukdar S, Rahman A. Analysis of self-organizing maps and explainable artificial intelligence to identify hydrochemical factors that drive drinking water quality in Haor region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166927. [PMID: 37704149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination undermines human survival and economic growth. Water resource protection and management require knowledge of water hydrochemistry and drinking water quality characteristics, mechanisms, and factors. Self-organizing maps (SOM) have been developed using quantization and topographic error approaches to cluster hydrochemistry datasets. The Piper diagram, saturation index (SI), and cation exchange method were used to determine the driving mechanism of hydrochemistry in both surface and groundwater, while the Gibbs diagram was used for surface water. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) and a generalized linear model (GLM) were used to determine the key drinking water quality parameters in the study area. Additionally, the study aimed to utilize Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques to gain insights into the relative importance and impact of different parameters on the entropy water quality index (EWQI). The SOM results showed that thirty neurons generated the hydrochemical properties of water and were organized into four clusters. The Piper diagram showed that the primary hydrochemical facies were HCO3--Ca2+ (cluster 4), Cl---Na+ (all clusters), and mixed (clusters 1 and 4). Results from SI and cation exchange show that demineralization and ion exchange are the driving mechanisms of water hydrochemistry. About 45 % of the studied samples are classified as "medium quality"," that could be suitable as drinking water with further refinement. Cl- may pose increased non-carcinogenic risk to adults, with children at double risk. Cluster 4 water is low-risk, supporting EWQI findings. The RDA and GLM observations agree in that Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- and HCO3- all have a positive and significant effect on EWQI, with the exception of K+. TDS, EC, Na+, and Ca2+ have been identified as influencing factors based on bagging-based XAI analysis at global and local levels. The analysis also addressed the importance of SO4, HCO3, Cl, Mg2+, K+, and pH at specific locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Mia
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emdadul Haque
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh.
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Jannatun Nahar Jannat
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Swapan Talukdar
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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11
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Qu S, Duan L, Mao H, Wang C, Liang X, Luo A, Huang L, Yu R, Miao P, Zhao Y. Hydrochemical and isotopic fingerprints of groundwater origin and evolution in the Urangulan River basin, China's Loess Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161377. [PMID: 36621476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The origin and evolution of groundwater in the Urangulan River basin area under growing concern as its situated in an economically and ecologically crucial area of China. In the present study, a combination of different methods (i.e. self-organizing maps (SOM), piper diagrams, ionic ratios, multiple isotopic analyses and Bayesian isotope mixing model) provided an efficient way for analysing groundwater origin and evolution. The hydrochemical type was found to be Ca-HCO3 in low TDS and Na + K-Cl or Na + K-SO4 in high TDS groundwater. According to the δ2H and δ18Owater values, groundwater in the study area mainly originated from atmospheric precipitation and was influenced by evaporation. In addition, the rock weathering in conjunction with the cation exchange completely dominated the geochemical evolution process. The dual SO42- isotope and Bayesian isotope mixing model showed that gypsum dissolution, fertilizer input and sewage input were the main sources of SO42- in the study area, accounting for an average of 30.2 %, 28.5 %, and 17.3 % of SO42- in the groundwater, respectively. Other than water-rock interactions, human activity (mining and irrigation) distributed throughout the study area in combination with the spatial characteristics was the dominant factor controlling the hydrochemical evolution. The results of this study provided a basis for understanding groundwater origin and evolution while facilitating the effective management and utilization of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Qu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Limin Duan
- Water and Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Hairu Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyang Liang
- Xi'an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ankun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Xi'an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Water and Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ping Miao
- Ordos River and Lake Protection Center, Ordos 017000, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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12
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Mao H, Wang C, Qu S, Liao F, Wang G, Shi Z. Source and evolution of sulfate in the multi-layer groundwater system in an abandoned mine-Insight from stable isotopes and Bayesian isotope mixing model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160368. [PMID: 36414065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The source and evolution of sulfate (SO42-) in groundwater from abandoned mines are widely concerned environmental issues. Herein, major dissolved ions, multi-isotopes (δ34S, δ18Osulfate, δ2H and δ18Owater), machine learning (Self-organizing maps) and Bayesian isotope mixing model were used to identify the source and evolution of SO42- in an abandoned mine (Fengfeng mine, northern China) with a multi-layer groundwater system. Groundwater in the study area was mainly divided into three clusters (Cluster I, Cluster II and Cluster III), dominated by Na-SO4, Ca-SO4 and Ca-HCO3 types, respectively. According to δ2H and δ18Owater, groundwater in the study area mainly originated from atmospheric precipitation. δ34S, δ18Osulfate and SO42- suggested that bacterial sulfate reduction did not affect the SO42- isotopic composition. Dual SO42- isotopes, and MixSIAR model revealed that the main source of SO42- in the study area was pyrite oxidation/gypsum dissolution, accounting for an average of 57.4 % (gypsum), 71.24 % (pyrite oxidation) and 52.93 % (pyrite oxidation) of SO42- in the samples of Clusters I-III, respectively. Combined with the hydrochemical diagrams, the evolution of SO42- in different clusters of samples was derived. Cluster I was mainly gypsum dissolution; In contrast, Clusters II and III were mainly pyrite oxidation accompanied by carbonate dissolution, and Cluster II was also influenced by cation exchange. These findings will help in developing management strategies for protecting groundwater quality, which will provide a reference for the study of solute sources and S cycling in abandoned mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairu Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Fu Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangcai Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zheming Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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13
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Xu Z, Li G, Yang M, Liu J. Quantitative identification of groundwater contamination sources by combining isotope tracer technique with PMF model in an arid area of northwestern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116588. [PMID: 36308954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, groundwater quality has deteriorated because of intensive human activities. It is important to accurately identify the pollution source for controlling the deterioration of groundwater quality. However, the accuracy of the current source analysis method needs to be improved. In this study, we combined hydrochemical method, isotope tracing technique and PMF model, for the first time, to trace the source of groundwater pollution in Beichuan River basin, Qinghai Province, China. According to the results, there were 35.8% of Fe, 34.1% of total hardness, 24.3% of SO42- and 8.09% of NO3- samples exceeded the Grade III standards for Groundwater quality in China, which indicated that the groundwater in the study area has been significantly affected by human activities. Hydrochemical method suggested that the chemical component originated from rock weathering, cation exchange and mineral dissolution. Based on isotope tracing technique (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ34S-SO42- and δ18O-SO42-), the primary sources of nitrate and sulfate in groundwater were soil nitrogen and oxidation of sulfide minerals in the forest area, domestic sewage and oxidation of sulfide minerals in the urban and industrial area, and mixed sources in the village and agricultural area. Finally, the pollution source of groundwater was distinguished by combining the PMF model, isotope tracing technique and hydrochemical method. Results showed that the main pollutant of groundwater is domestic sewage in the urban, village and industrial area. The contribution rates to groundwater pollution were 60.7%, 60.8% and 57.8%, respectively. However, in the forest and agricultural area, the main source changed to water-rock interaction and chemical fertilizer, and the contribution rates to groundwater quality were 53.5% and 61.0%, respectively. Our results suggested that the coupling tracing methodology can improve the accuracy of source resolution in the water environment and it can be applied to other areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Huiwei Wang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gan Li
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650233, China
| | - Mingnan Yang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Jingtao Liu
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
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14
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Zhang C, Zhang D, Duan HZ, Zhao ZQ, Zhang JW, Huang XY, Ma BJ, Zheng DS. Combining metal and sulfate isotopes measurements to identify different anthropogenic impacts on dissolved heavy metals levels in river water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136747. [PMID: 36216113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved heavy metals (DHMs) contamination has raised global concern for ecological and human health development. Weathering of sulfide-bearing ore metals can produce acidic, sulfate-rich solutions in the presence of water and oxygen (O2), and DHMs are released to deprave the river water quality. Sulfur and oxygen isotope signatures (δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4) could identify this pyrite-derived sulfate; however, it is yet not well known whether the δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values could limit the DHMs sources and illustrate anthropogenic impacts on DHMs along the river corridor. We tried to solve this problem through field works in the Luohe River and Yihe River, two tributaries of the Yellow River, China, where metal sulfide mine activities mostly occurred upstream, but agricultural and domestic behaviors concentrated in the lower plain reaches. In the Luohe River upper areas, δ34SSO4 values had negative correlations with concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (p < 0.01), nickel (Ni) (p < 0.05), molybdenum (Mo) (p < 0.01), uranium (U) (p < 0.01), and SO42- (p < 0.01). However, as the δ34SSO4 values increased downstream in the Luohe River, concentrations of copper (Cu) (p < 0.05), mercury (Hg) (p < 0.05), Ni (p < 0.05), and SO42- (p < 0.01) simultaneously elevated. The Bayesian Isotope Mixing Model (BIMM) results via δ34SSO4 values demonstrated 64.3%-65.3% of SO42- from acid mine drainage (AMD) in the Luohe River's upper reaches and 63.5%-67.7% in the Yihe River's upper reaches, and about 33% from sewage and industrial effluents in the Luohe River's lower reaches and 27% in Yihe River's lower reaches. Our results confirmed the different anthropogenic impacts on the DHMs concentrations in Luohe River and Yihe River and provided a robust method for DHMs sources appointment and pollution management in river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Hui-Zhen Duan
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhao
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jun-Wen Zhang
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xing-Yu Huang
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Bing-Juan Ma
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - De-Shun Zheng
- School of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
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15
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Chen X, Zheng L, Zhu M, Jiang C, Dong X, Chen Y. Quantitative identification of nitrate and sulfate sources of a multiple land-use area impacted by mine drainage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116551. [PMID: 36283198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in urbanization and intensive coal mining activities have accelerated the deterioration of surface water quality. Environmental problems caused by the accumulation of nitrate and sulfate from natural, urban, and agricultural sources have attracted extensive attention. Information on nitrate and sulfate sources and their transformations is crucial for understanding the nitrogen and sulfur cycles in surface water. In this study, we monitored nitrate and sulfate in three representative rivers in mining cities in northern China. The main pollution sources and biogeochemical processes were identified by using stable isotopes (δD, δ18OH2O, δ15N, δ18ONO3, δ34S and δ18OSO4) and hydrochemistry. The contribution of natural and anthropogenic sources was quantitatively estimated based on a Bayesian mixed model. The results indicated a large variation in sulfate and nitrate sources between the different rivers. Nitrate in the Tuohe River mainly derived from manure/sewage (57.9%) and soil N (26.9%), while sulfate mainly derived from manure/sewage (41.7%) and evaporite dissolution (26.8%). For the Suihe River, nitrate was primarily sourced from chemical fertilizer (37.9%) and soil nitrogen (34.8%), while sulfate was mainly sourced from manure/sewage (33.1%) and chemical fertilizer (21.4%). For the Huihe River, nitrate mainly derived from mine drainage (56.6%) and manure/sewage (30.6%), while sulfate predominantly originated from mine drainage (58.3%) and evaporite dissolution (12.9%). Microbial nitrification was the major pathway for the migration and transformation of nitrate in the surface water. However, denitrification and bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) did not play a significant role as aerobic conditions prevailed. In this study, we elucidated the sources and transformation mechanisms of nitrate and sulfate. Additionally, we provided a reference for formulating a comprehensive strategy for effective management and remediation of surface water contaminated with nitrate and sulfate in mining cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xianglin Dong
- Geological Survey Division, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei, 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal Mine Ecological Environment Protection, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
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16
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Alsabti B, Sabarathinam C, Svv DR. Identification of high nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater of an arid region: a case study of South Kuwait's Bay. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:143. [PMID: 36418655 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coastal aquifer is a fragile environment due to the interaction of groundwater with seawater, especially in arid environments. Groundwater along Kuwait's Bay is polluted due to discharge of waste from desalination plants, power plants, and other anthropogenic activities. Earlier studies on submarine groundwater discharge in Kuwait's Bay region have reported the transfer of nutrient flux from the groundwater to Kuwait's Bay. The current study focused on nitrate sources and processes governing their distribution in groundwater samples collected from the southern part of Kuwait's Bay. The concentration of nitrate in the samples ranged from 22.7 to 803.9 mg/L. Higher values were noted in the samples collected inland and a few samples adjacent to the Bay. Spearman's correlation analysis of the data indicated that NO3- has a strong positive correlation with SO42- and moderate positive correlation with Na + , TDS/EC. The PCA analysis and factor scores revealed the different sources for groundwater nitrate contamination as follows: leakage of sewer lines in the urban region has led to the infiltration of contaminated sewage, high saline environment due to seawater intrusion, chemical weathering, and influence of denitrifying bacteria. The health risk has resulted due to the NO3- concentration being above the standard limit for adults. Furthermore, the nitrate concentration was higher in the region adjoining the landfills. In addition, the discharge of groundwater with higher nitrate to the adjacent open water in the Bay may lead to eutrophication. Hence, proper management strategies are to be adopted to control the nitrate pollution in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedour Alsabti
- Water Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Shuwaikh, Kuwait.
| | | | - Dhanu Radha Svv
- Water Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
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17
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Cheng L, Jiang C, Li C, Zheng L. Tracing Sulfate Source and Transformation in the Groundwater of the Linhuan Coal Mining Area, Huaibei Coalfield, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14434. [PMID: 36361314 PMCID: PMC9656132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities cause surface sulfate enrichment, which has negative impacts on human health and ecosystems. These high concentrations of sulfate may enter groundwater through the unsaturated zone (UZ), threatening groundwater quality. Therefore, we combined hydrochemical and dual isotopic analyses of sulfate in surface water, soil water and groundwater with evaluations of the UZ to identify the groundwater sulfate source and transformation in the coal mining area. Soil profile samples were collected near gangue heaps (UZ-1, UZ-2) and the mean sulfate concentrations of the UZ-1 profile and UZ-2 profile were 35.4 mg/L and 69.63 mg/L, respectively. The shallow groundwater sulfate was mainly from dissolution of evaporite, sulfide oxidation and sewage. Different sulfate contaminated areas showed different characteristics of sulfate sources. The sulfate source to groundwater near the coal gangue heaps was sulfide oxidation. The groundwater sulfate near the gangue heaps and industrial park compound contamination area was mainly derived from industrial and domestic sewage and sulfide oxidation. In addition, the role of bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) in the groundwater was not obvious. This research result is of great significance for promoting the safe mining of coal resources and sustainable utilization of groundwater in the Huaibei coal mining area and other coal mining areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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18
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Ongetta S, Mohan Viswanathan P, Sabarathinam C, Ramasamy N, Kuek C. Delineation of highland saline groundwater sources in Ba'kelalan region of NE Borneo to improve the salt-making production using geochemical and geophysical approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135721. [PMID: 35853515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of mountain salt from the saline waters is the basic livelihood of the Ba'kelalan communities of Sarawak. The current integrated approach is the first attempt to study the sources and geochemical processes of the saline groundwaters in this mountain region. Hence, in this study, saline groundwater samples from five existing wells in different seasons were analysed for hydrochemical parameters and multi-isotope composition (δ18O, δD, δ34S, δ11B and δ37Cl). The significant increase in TDS, EC and salinity was due to seasonal variation and fluctuation in water level based on hourly, daily and monthly observations. The geochemical ratios and the statistical techniques revealed that the salinity was due to the dissolution of marine evaporites as a dominant process, coupled with other factors such as water-rock interaction, ion exchange and sulphate reduction. From the isotopic signatures, it was inferred that the origin of saline groundwater was from the intense dissolution of marine evaporites such as halite dissolution and oxidation of -sulphide (pyrite). 2D electrical resistivity and seismic refraction methods were used to identify the lithological variations, depth of potential sources of saline groundwater, and the subsurface structures. It was inferred the probability of a conductive zone at a depth of 1-14 m, from which the saline groundwater plume migrates towards the perched aquifer. The presence of subsurface faults facilitated the movement of hypersaline groundwater from the saturated zone to the surface. The outcome of the study will support the dependent community to enhance their commercial salt production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ongetta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Curtin Malaysia Research Institute (CMRI), Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Prasanna Mohan Viswanathan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Curtin Malaysia Research Institute (CMRI), Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | | | - Nagarajan Ramasamy
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; Curtin Malaysia Research Institute (CMRI), Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Clem Kuek
- Curtin Malaysia Research Institute (CMRI), Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia; School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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19
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Qu S, Duan L, Shi Z, Liang X, Lv S, Wang G, Liu T, Yu R. Hydrochemical assessments and driving forces of groundwater quality and potential health risks of sulfate in a coalfield, northern Ordos Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155519. [PMID: 35489481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the primary water source in coalfields under arid and semiarid climates. However, the problem of excessive concentrations of sulfate, which is a constant component in coalfields, and its potential health risks are often neglected in Northwest, China. To determine the groundwater quality, health threats, and driving forces of sulfate in coal mine groundwater, this study performed hydrochemical and isotopic analyses of 61 groundwater samples from a typical coalfield in northwestern China. We found that phreatic groundwater had lower total dissolved solid (TDS) and freshwater hydrochemical types (mainly Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Na + K-HCO3 types). In contrast, confined groundwater showed saline affinity (Na + K-SO4 type) and high TDS values, and the quality was unacceptable for drinking, with EWQI values larger than 100, which could be attributed to its high SO42- concentration. In addition, confined groundwater was also unsuitable for irrigation with high values of electric conductivity (EC), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and Na%. Combining with isotopic analysis (δD, δ18Owater, δ34S and δ18Osulfate), the sulfate of confined and phreatic groundwater was controlled by gypsum dissolution and irrigation activities. As for public human health, SO42- poses potential non-carcinogenic risks to various populations, especially children. Therefore, the impact of geogenic and anthropogenic factors should be paid attention to, including the reduction of the use of sulfur-containing fertilizers and discharge of sulfur-containing sewage; and the water treatment should be carried out. Importantly, there is a need to adopt a strategy of water supply from multiple sources to ensure human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Qu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Limin Duan
- Water and Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
| | - Zheming Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiangyang Liang
- Xi'an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Shaojie Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangcai Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tingxi Liu
- Water and Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China
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20
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Glok-Galli M, Vadillo-Pérez I, Jiménez-Gavilán P, Ojeda L, Urresti-Estala B, Martínez DE. Application of hydrochemical and multi-isotopic ( 87Sr/ 86Sr, δ 13C-DIC, δ 2H-H 2O, δ 18O-H 2O) tools to determine contamination sources and processes in the Guadalhorce River Basin, southern Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154424. [PMID: 35278560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The integrated use of multi-isotopic (87Sr/86Sr, δ13C-DIC, δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O) and hydrochemical data was applied in the highly anthropized Guadalhorce river basin, southern Spain, to improve the knowledge about water contamination sources and processes and to achieve improved water resource management. The results obtained highlight the importance of the use of isotopes as tracers of pollutants. DIC, δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O and δ13C-DIC allowed differentiating two water recharge end members: direct rainwater, infiltrated into the upper and lower detritic aquifers of the sub-basins, and the Guadalhorce dam system, which act as a source in some groundwater and surface waters of the lower sub-basin. 87Sr/86Sr data supported the existing conclusions in relation to pollution sources in the study area. The Triassic basement (evaporites) of the carbonate and detritic aquifers of the basin generally controls the natural 87Sr/86Sr composition in waters of the upper sub-basin. Only one groundwater sample reflects the influence of a human organic source (sewage) in its composition. On the other hand, mixing of human inorganic (fertilizers and detergents) strontium sources is required to explain the 87Sr/86Sr contents of the lower sub-basin waters. Discriminating the use of domestic detergents as another anthropogenic source of strontium and sulphate in waters is a novel finding in this research. The conclusions reached can be extrapolated to other anthropized basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Glok-Galli
- Faculty of Engineering, National University of the Center of Buenos Aires Province, 7400 Olavarría, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina.
| | - I Vadillo-Pérez
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
| | - P Jiménez-Gavilán
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
| | - L Ojeda
- Group of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
| | | | - D E Martínez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina; Group of Hydrogeology, University of Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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21
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Origins of Sulfate in Groundwater and Surface Water of the Rio Grande Floodplain, Texas, USA and Chihuahua, Mexico. HYDROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology9060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate isotopes (δ34S, δ18OSO4) interpreted in conjunction with sulfate concentrations show that sulfate of both agricultural and geologic sources is present in groundwater and surface water in the Rio Grande flood plain within the Hueco Bolsón. From previous studies, water isotopes (δ2H, δ18O) in the study area indicate groundwater age relative to dam construction upstream. Surface water entering the Hueco Bolsón contains a mixture of soil-amendment sulfate and sulfate from deep-basin groundwater seeps at the terminus of Mesilla Valley. In the shallow Rio Grande alluvial aquifer within the Hueco Bolsón, ranges of δ34S in pre-dam (+2 to +9‰) and post-dam (0 to +6‰) groundwater overlap; the range for post-dam water coincides with common high-sulfate soil amendments used in the area. Most post-dam groundwater, including discharge into agricultural drains, has higher sulfate than pre-dam groundwater. In surface water downstream of Fabens, high-δ34S (>+10‰) sulfate, resembling Middle Permian gypsum, mixes with sulfate from upstream sources and agriculture. The high- δ34S sulfate probably represents discharge from the regional Hueco Bolsón aquifer. In surface water downstream of Fort Hancock, soil-amendment sulfate predominates, probably representing discharge from the Rio Grande alluvial aquifer near the basin terminus. The δ18OSO4 dataset is consistent with sulfate origins determined from the larger δ34S dataset.
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22
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Fan Y, Zhang C, Wei H, Shi W. Numerical investigation of the influence of banded sand ditches on water infiltration in fine-textured soil. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2693-2709. [PMID: 35576262 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing rainwater infiltration is important to reduce the risk of urban waterlogging and improve the utilization rate of urban rainwater resources. Using the HYDRUS model, a mathematical model of soil water movement under a banded sand ditch pattern (the vertical excavation of a deep trench with heavy soil and filled with light soil) was created. Forty-six scenarios were designed to examine effects of sand ditch soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kss), original homogenous fine-textured soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kso), sand ditch width (W), spacing (S), and depth (D) on the soil infiltration rate (i). Results indicate that banded sand ditches cause increased permeation and have a significant turning point 't0' in the curve of 'i' for 't.' Taking 't0' as the boundary, 'i' can be divided into two stages (t ≤ t0 and t > t0), 'i' and 't,' for each stage according to the power function relationship; there is little change in power function indices, which can be fixed at 0.34 and 0.63, respectively. In addition, the coefficient has a linear relationship with Kss, Kso, W, S, and D. Thus, an estimation model of the soil infiltration rate under a banded sand ditch pattern was proposed and verified for reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Fan
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China E-mail:
| | - Changyan Zhang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China E-mail:
| | - Hujun Wei
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China E-mail:
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China E-mail:
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23
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Siemiątkowska A, Wassef A, Sadek R, Park C, Yohn C, Brunetti L, Kagan L. A validated LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of cefazolin in human adipose tissue: Application of EMR-Lipid sorbent as an efficient sample clean-up before mass spectrometric analyses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114696. [PMID: 35259713 PMCID: PMC9034060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine cefazolin concentrations in human adipose tissue. Sample preparation was performed by protein precipitation followed by using Captiva EMR-Lipid plates. The mobile phase consisted of 5 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in ACN, and was pumped through a Synergi Fusion-RP column with a gradient elution program at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in a positive ion mode. Cloxacillin was used as an internal standard due to the observed cross-signal contribution between cefazolin and 13C2,15N-cefazolin. The method was validated according to the FDA and EMA guidelines and passed all the acceptance criteria. The calibration range was 0.05-50 µg/mL in adipose tissue homogenate (0.15-150 µg/g in adipose tissue), precision CV < 4.5%, accuracy within 93.1-100.4%. The carry-over was negligible, recovery of the method was high, and no significant matrix effect was present. Rat subcutaneous adipose tissue was demonstrated to be a suitable surrogate matrix for human adipose tissue. The validated method was successfully applied in a pilot pharmacokinetic study and will further be used in a large cohort of non-obese and obese patients dosed prophylactically with cefazolin before surgeries.
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24
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Zaleskaya-Hernik M, Dobrzycki Ł, Karbarz M, Romański J. Fluorescence Recognition of Anions Using a Heteroditopic Receptor: Homogenous and Two-Phase Sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13396. [PMID: 34948192 PMCID: PMC8703701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to monotopic receptor 3, the anthracene functionalized squaramide dual-host receptor 1 is capable of selectively extracting sulfate salts, as was evidenced unambiguously by DOSY, mass spectrometry, fluorescent and ion chromatography measurements. The receptors were investigated in terms of anion and ion pair binding using the UV-vis and 1H NMR titrations method in acetonitrile. The reference anion receptor 3, lacking a crown ether unit, was found to lose the enhancement in anion binding induced by the presence of cations. Besides the ability to bind anions in an enhanced manner exhibited by ion pair receptors 2 and 4, changing the 1-aminoanthracene substituent resulted in their exhibiting a lower anion affinity than receptor 1. By using receptor 1 and adjusting the water content in organic phase it was possible to selectively detect sulfates both by "turn-off" and "turn-on" fluorescence, and to do so homogenously and under interfacial conditions. Such properties of receptor 1 have allowed the development of a new type of sensor capable of recognizing and extracting potassium sulfate from the aqueous medium across a phase boundary, resulting in an appropriate fluorescent response in the organic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Romański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.-H.); (Ł.D.); (M.K.)
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25
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Liu J, Han G. Tracing riverine sulfate source in an agricultural watershed: Constraints from stable isotopes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117740. [PMID: 34265563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sulfate pollution in water environment gains more and more concerns in recent years. The discharge of domestic, municipal, and industrial wastewaters increases the riverine sulfate concentrations, which may cause local health and ecological problems. To better understand the sources of sulfate, this study collected water samples in a typical agricultural watershed in East Thailand. The source apportionment of sulfide was conducted by using stable isotopes and receptor models. The δ34SSO4 value of river water varied from 1.2‰ to 16.4‰, with a median value of 8.9‰. The hydrochemical data indicated that the chemical compositions of Mun river water were affected by the anthropogenic inputs and natural processes such as halite dissolution, carbonate, and silicate weathering. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was not suitable to trace source of riverine sulfate, because the meaning of the extracted factors seems to be vague. Based on the elemental ratio and isotopic composition, the inverse model yielded the relative contribution of sulfide oxidation (approximately 46.5%), anthropogenic input (approximately 41.5%), and gypsum dissolution (approximately 12%) to sulfate in Mun river water. This study indicates that the selection of models for source apportionment should be careful. The large contribution of anthropogenic inputs calls an urgent concern of the Thai government to establish effective management strategies in the Mun River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Liu
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
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26
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Borchert KBL, Steinbach C, Reis B, Gerlach N, Zimmermann P, Schwarz S, Schwarz D. Mesoporous Poly(melamine- co-formaldehyde) Particles for Efficient and Selective Phosphate and Sulfate Removal. Molecules 2021; 26:6615. [PMID: 34771024 PMCID: PMC8588240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the existence-threatening risk to aquatic life and entire ecosystems, the removal of oxyanions such as sulfate and phosphate from anthropogenic wastewaters, such as municipal effluents and acid mine drainage, is inevitable. Furthermore, phosphorus is an indispensable resource for worldwide plant fertilization, which cannot be replaced by any other substance. This raises phosphate to one of the most important mineral resources worldwide. Thus, efficient recovery of phosphate is essential for ecosystems and the economy. To face the harsh acidic conditions, such as for acid mine drainage, an adsorber material with a high chemical resistivity is beneficial. Poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) (PMF) sustains these conditions whilst its very high amount of nitrogen functionalities (up to 53.7 wt.%) act as efficient adsorption sides. To increase adsorption capacities, PMF was synthesized in the form of mesoporous particles using a hard-templating approach yielding specific surface areas up to 409 m2/g. Different amounts of silica nanospheres were utilized as template and evaluated for the adsorption of sulfate and phosphate ions. The adsorption isotherms were validated by the Langmuir model. Due to their properties, the PMF particles possessed outperforming maximum adsorption capacities of 341 and 251 mg/g for phosphate and sulfate, respectively. Furthermore, selective adsorption of sulfate from mixed solutions of phosphate and sulfate was found for silica/PMF hybrid particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dana Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.B.L.B.); (C.S.); (B.R.); (N.G.); (P.Z.); (S.S.)
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27
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Torres-Martínez JA, Mora A, Mahlknecht J, Kaown D, Barceló D. Determining nitrate and sulfate pollution sources and transformations in a coastal aquifer impacted by seawater intrusion-A multi-isotopic approach combined with self-organizing maps and a Bayesian mixing model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126103. [PMID: 34229392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the La Paz aquifer system in Baja California Sur, Mexico, has been under severe pressure due to overexploitation for urban water supply and agriculture; this has caused seawater intrusion and deterioration in groundwater quality. Previous studies on the La Paz aquifer have focused mainly on seawater intrusion, resulting in limited information on nitrate and sulfate pollution. Therefore, pollution sources have not yet been identified sufficiently. In this study, an approach combining hydrochemical tools, multi-isotopes (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3, δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4), and a Bayesian isotope mixing model was used to estimate the contribution of different nitrate and sulfate sources to groundwater. Results from the MixSIAR model revealed that seawater intrusion and soil-derived sulfates were the predominant sources of groundwater sulfate, with contributions of ~43.0% (UI90 = 0.29) and ~42.0% (UI90 = 0.38), respectively. Similarly, soil organic nitrogen (~81.5%, UI90 = 0.41) and urban sewage (~12.1%, UI90 = 0.25) were the primary contributors of nitrate pollution in groundwater. The dominant biogeochemical transformation for NO3- was nitrification. Denitrification and sulfate reduction were discarded due to the aerobic conditions in the study area. These results indicate that dual-isotope sulfate analysis combined with MixSIAR models is a powerful tool for estimating the contributions of sulfate sources (including seawater-derived sulfate) in the groundwater of coastal aquifer systems affected by seawater intrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, México
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla de Zaragoza 72453, Puebla, México
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, México.
| | - Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Damia Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Sheikhi S, Faraji Z, Aslani H. Arsenic health risk assessment and the evaluation of groundwater quality using GWQI and multivariate statistical analysis in rural areas, Hashtroud, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3617-3631. [PMID: 32929669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that can cause significant health issues through drinking water. The present study was aimed to evaluate As distribution and the related health risks from drinking groundwater in rural areas of Hashtroud, Iran. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were also applied to better explain relationship pattern between different resources. The samples were taken from 51 locations in 37 villages. Arsenic concentration was determined by a polarograph device, and the corresponding carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were calculated based on US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guideline. PCA analysis extracted four main components that explained nearly 62% of data variance. Results pointed severe As contamination in the studied area, where As was detected in 78% of the samples ranging from less than 0.001 to 0.250 mg/L. Forty percent of the contaminated places violated guideline value of 10 μg/L suggested by EPA and institute of standards and industrial research of Iran (ISIRI). Based on our findings, 1329 people including 239 children were living in the areas with higher As contamination. Hazard quotient (HQ) in 72%, 59%, and 33% of the samples was higher than one for children, adolescent, and adult age groups, respectively. Excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) in almost 80% of all age groups was significantly higher than EPA recommended guideline (10-4 or 10-6). In summary, from the view point of arsenic HQ and ELCR, water resources in the studied areas were not appropriate for drinking and hygienic purposes; necessary and urgent management strategies to guarantee water supply and health safety for local residents should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sheikhi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Faraji
- Hashtroud Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Aslani
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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29
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Lu C. Tracing sulfate origin and transformation in an area with multiple sources of pollution in northern China by using environmental isotopes and Bayesian isotope mixing model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115105. [PMID: 32806467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate (SO42-) contamination in groundwater and surface water is an environmental problem of widespread concern. In this study, we combined stable isotope analyses of SO42- (δ34S and δ18O) and water (δ2H and δ18O) with a Bayesian mixing model (SIAR), for the first time, to identify sources and transformation of SO42- in an area of northern China with multiple potential sources of pollution. The overall values of δ34S and δ18O-SO42- ranged from 1.3‰ to 16.3‰ and -3.8‰-8.8‰ in groundwater, and from -1.1‰ to 9.3‰ and 2.7‰-9.2‰ in surface waters, respectively. Analyses of SO42- isotopes and water chemistry indicated that SO42- in groundwater and surface water mainly originated from mixing of oxidation of sulfate, sewage, chemical fertilizers, dissolution of evaporite and precipitation. There was no significant correlation between δ34S and δ18O and SO42- concentration in groundwater, indicating that bacterial sulfate reduction did not affect the SO42- isotopic composition. SIAR model showed the main sources of SO42- in groundwater and surface water comprised oxidation of sulfide minerals and sewage. In groundwater, oxidation of sulfide minerals and sewage accounted for 37.5-44.5% and 35.5-42.7% of SO42-, respectively. In regard to surface waters, the contribution of oxidation of sulfide minerals to SO42- was higher in the wet season (31.8 ± 9.9%) than in the intermediate (22.4 ± 7.8%) and dry (20.9 ± 8.2%) seasons, but the contribution proportion of sewage was slightly lower in the wet season (19.9 ± 8.5%) than in the intermediate (23.8 ± 8.7%) and dry (24.2 ± 8.5%) seasons. This study indicates that it is necessary for local government to improve the treatment infrastructure for domestic sewage and optimize methods of agricultural fertilization and irrigation to prevent SO42- contamination of groundwater and surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huiwei Wang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Chuan Lu
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
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30
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Torres-Martínez JA, Mora A, Knappett PSK, Ornelas-Soto N, Mahlknecht J. Tracking nitrate and sulfate sources in groundwater of an urbanized valley using a multi-tracer approach combined with a Bayesian isotope mixing model. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115962. [PMID: 32629319 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, groundwater quality has deteriorated worldwide by nitrate pollution due to the intensive use of fertilizers in agriculture, release of untreated urban sewage and industrial wastewater, and atmospheric deposition. Likewise, groundwater is increasingly polluted by sulfate due to the release of domestic, municipal and industrial wastewaters, as well as through geothermal processes, seawater intrusion, atmospheric deposition, mineral dissolution, and acid rain. The urbanized and industrialized Monterrey valley has a long record of elevated nitrate and sulfate concentrations in groundwater with multiple potential pollution sources. This study aimed to track different sources and transformation processes of nitrate and sulfate pollution in Monterrey using a suite of chemical and isotopic tracers (δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3 δ34S-SO4, δ18O-SO4) combined with a probability isotope mixing model. Soil nitrogen and sewage were found to be the most important nitrate sources, while atmospheric deposition, marine evaporites and sewage were the most prominent sulfate sources. However, the concentrations of nitrate and sulfate were controlled by denitrification and sulfate reduction processes in the transition and discharge zones. The approach followed in this study is useful for establishing effective pollution management strategies in contaminated aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla de Zaragoza, 72453, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Peter S K Knappett
- Dept. Geology & Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA
| | - Nancy Ornelas-Soto
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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31
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Hassan MM, Mohamed MH, Udoetok IA, Steiger BGK, Wilson LD. Sequestration of Sulfate Anions from Groundwater by Biopolymer-Metal Composite Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1502. [PMID: 32640585 PMCID: PMC7408214 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Binary (Chitosan-Cu(II), CCu) and Ternary (Chitosan-Alginate-Cu(II), CACu) composite materials were synthesized at variable composition: CCu (1:1), CACu1 (1:1:1), CACu2 (1:2:1) and CACu3 (2:1:1). Characterization was carried out via spectroscopic (FTIR, solids C-13 NMR, XPS and Raman), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA), XRD, point of zero charge and solvent swelling techniques. The materials' characterization confirmed the successful preparation of the polymer-based composites, along with their variable physico-chemical and adsorption properties. Sulfate anion (sodium sulfate) adsorption from aqueous solution was demonstrated using C and CACu1 at pH 6.8 and 295 K, where the monolayer adsorption capacity (Qm) values were 288.1 and 371.4 mg/g, respectively, where the Sips isotherm model provided the "best-fit" for the adsorption data. Single-point sorption study on three types of groundwater samples (wells 1, 2 and 3) with variable sulfate concentration and matrix composition in the presence of composite materials reveal that CACu3 exhibited greater uptake of sulfate (Qe = 81.5 mg/g; 11.5% removal) from Well-1 and CACu2 showed the lowest sulfate uptake (Qe of 15.7 mg/g; 0.865% removal) from Well-3. Generally, for all groundwater samples, the binary composite material (CCu) exhibited attenuated sorption and removal efficiency relative to the ternary composite materials (CACu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mehadi Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada; (M.M.H.); (M.H.M.); (I.A.U.); (B.G.K.S.)
- Department of Arts and Sciences, Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Saidpur 5311, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed H. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada; (M.M.H.); (M.H.M.); (I.A.U.); (B.G.K.S.)
| | - Inimfon A. Udoetok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada; (M.M.H.); (M.H.M.); (I.A.U.); (B.G.K.S.)
| | - Bernd G. K. Steiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada; (M.M.H.); (M.H.M.); (I.A.U.); (B.G.K.S.)
| | - Lee D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada; (M.M.H.); (M.H.M.); (I.A.U.); (B.G.K.S.)
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