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Liu Y, Li S, Deng T, Li L, Wei R, Zhang Y, Ou J, Tao F, Wan Y. The association between green space around schools, screen time for entertainment, and adolescent depressive symptoms: A nationwide study from China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120100. [PMID: 39374752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural green environments are beneficial to people's mental health, while too much screen time may be harmful to adolescents' mental health. However, it is not clear how green spaces and screen time affect mental health together in adolescents. METHODS A total of 22,868 adolescents were recruited from October to December 2021 in eight cities in China, through multistage cluster sampling. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to investigate adolescents' depressive symptoms, and the Normalised Vegetation Index for the 200m, 500m and 1000m buffer zones around the school represents the green cover around the school. We used binary logistic regression to analyse the association between green space, screen time and depressive symptoms. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, the highest quartile of NDVI in the 200m, 500m and 1000m buffer zones around the school was a protective factor for depressive symptoms. For less than 2 h of recreational screen time, the highest quartiles of the NDVI and the association with depressive symptoms were negatively correlated for the 200m, 500m and 1000m buffer zones (NDVI200: 0.904(0.848-0.964)), NDVI500: 0.863(0.808-0.921), NDVI1000: 0.862(0.808-0.920)). The highest quartiles of NDVI in all buffers were not associated with depressive symptoms when the screen time was >2 h. The association between green space and depressive symptoms at lower recreational screen time was observed to be stronger in the group of adolescents with a lower family economic status (NDVI200: 0.780(0.695-0.876), NDVI500: 0.838(0.748-0.938), NDVI1000: 0.783(0.698-0.879)). No potential gender differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS For adolescents with less than 2 h of recreational screen time per day, the greenery around the school had a protective effect on their mental health, especially for adolescents from economically disadvantaged families. Green spaces around schools are significant in improving health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Tongyan Deng
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Runyu Wei
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jinping Ou
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China.
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Bolanis D, Orri M, Vergunst F, Bouchard S, Robitaille É, Philippe F, Ouellet-Morin I, Girard A, Paquin V, Gauvin L, Côté S, Geoffroy MC. Increased urban greenspace in childhood associated with lower inattention deficit among adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:947-956. [PMID: 37837487 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a growing interest in assessing the benefits of exposure to urban greenspace on mental health due to the increased urbanization of youth and concerns for their mental health. We investigated the prospective associations of residential greenspace in childhood and mental health in adolescence. Use of a well-characterized birth cohort permitted adjustment for a range of potential confounding factors including family and neighborhood characteristics in addition to prior mental health problems, and exploration of moderation effects by sex and family socioeconomic status. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal data collected from 742 urban-dwelling participants of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Children Development. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 250, 500, and 1000 m buffer zones surrounding the home residence was used to indicate childhood exposure to greenspace. Six self-reported mental health problems at 15/17 years were examined using the Mental Health and Social Inadaptation questionnaire: inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, conduct, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS Childhood urban greenspace was associated with lower inattention problems in both females and males. We observed a 0.14 reduced standard deviation (SD) (β = - 0.14, SE = 0.05, p < 0.01) in relation to an interquartile range (IQR) increase of NDVI (0.15) at the 250 m buffer zone, and similar results were found in 500 m and 1000 m buffer zones. These associations only slightly attenuated after adjustment for individual (sex, childhood mental health), family (family SES, maternal age at birth, parental mental health, family composition), and neighborhood (material and social deprivation) characteristics (β = - 0.13, SE = 0.06, p = 0.03). No association was found for other mental health problems, and no moderation associations of sex or family socioeconomic status were observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that increasing residential greenspace in cities may be associated with modest benefits in attentional capacities in youth, necessitating further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Bolanis
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Samantha Bouchard
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Robitaille
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederick Philippe
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alain Girard
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Paquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Gauvin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Tian M, Liu C, Xi J, Wang L, Zhang P, Liu C, Zhao K, Wu Y, Li R, Jia X, Yu Y. Effects of greenness in university campuses on test anxiety among Chinese university students during COVID-19 lockdowns: a correlational and mediation analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2605-2617. [PMID: 37820697 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2263382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations of greenness exposure with test anxiety among university students during COVID-19 lockdowns and to explore their mechanisms. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 2609 university students in Anhui and Shandong provinces, China. We assessed perceived campus greenness using a five-point Likert scale for quality, visibility, abundance, usage, and accessibility. Objective greenness was estimated via average normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) in 1,000-, 1,500-, and 2,000-m radius zones around each of the campuses. A generalised linear mixed model examined the associations between greenness and test anxiety and to evaluate the mediation effects of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and air pollution. Results showed that higher NDVI1500-m correlated with lower test anxiety (OR = 0.871; 95% CI: 0.851, 0.891), physical activity may partially mediate this association. Increased campus greenness may alleviate test anxiety among Chinese university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chengrong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingwen Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Peiyao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xianjie Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Ribeiro H, Santana KVDS, Oliver SL. Natural Environments in University Campuses and Students' Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:413. [PMID: 38673325 PMCID: PMC11050544 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Most recent university campuses follow the North American model, built on city limits or countryside, with large separate buildings in open green spaces. Studies suggest that the prevalence and severity of mental health issues among university students has been increasing over the past decade in most countries. University services were created to face this growing problem, however individual-based interventions have limited effects on mental health and well-being of a large population. Our aim was to verify if and how the natural environment in campuses is focused on programs to cope with the issue of mental health and well-being among students. A systematic review of literature was undertaken with search in Scopus and LILACS with the keywords "green areas" AND "well-being" AND "Campus", following PRISMA guidelines. As a result, 32 articles were selected. Research on the topic is recent, mostly in the USA, Bulgaria, and China. Most studies used objective information on campuses' greenness and/or university students' perception. Mental health was usually measured by validated scores. Findings of all the studies indicated positive association between campus greenery and well-being of students. We conclude that there is a large potential for use of university campuses in programs and as sites for students' restoration and stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (K.V.d.S.S.); (S.L.O.)
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Xie Y, Jiao Y, Shi L, Liu D, Liu Y, Tang Z, Gong W, Yu H, Ma Y. A study on the influencing factors of mental health of Chinese garden workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:765. [PMID: 38475777 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational hazards occur in all walks of life. China's horticulture industry is undergoing rapid development. However, the mental health of garden workers has not received much attention. This study investigates the mental health status and influencing factors of Chinese garden workers and provides a basis for promoting their mental health and ensuring the healthy development of Chinese horticulture. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of garden workers in Beijing was conducted from 10 July 2021 to 10 October 2021. A total of 3349 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective response rate of 95.69%. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, stress, anxiety, and depression of garden workers, and the influencing factors affecting the mental health of Chinese garden workers were found through a t-test, variance analysis, and ordinal multi-class logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Survey respondents were mostly male (54.4%) and under the age of 40 (64.1%). The anxiety and depression symptoms of the garden workers were moderate. Among staff members, 40.2% were in a normal state of stress. Gender, three meals on time, monthly income, and job satisfaction were the factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms among garden workers. CONCLUSION Compared to medical staff and other groups, the stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms of Chinese garden workers are severe. Gender, monthly income, and job satisfaction are important factors affecting their mental health. Managers should continuously improve the working environment of garden workers, provide salaries that match their positions, and improve their job recognition and satisfaction to reduce the impact of negative emotions on personal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Xie
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Marxism, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Gong
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanshuo Ma
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China.
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Bolanis D, Vergunst F, Mavoa S, Schmelefske E, Khoury B, Turecki G, Orri M, Geoffroy MC. Association between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes across the lifespan: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167451. [PMID: 37777126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have linked greenspace exposure to suicide, but findings are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review on the associations between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes (namely, suicide mortality, self-harm, and suicidal ideation) up until January 6, 2023. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (or MMAT) to assess the quality of the included studies. In total, 23 studies met our inclusion criteria, consisting of 14 ecological, four cross-sectional, three longitudinal, and two experimental studies. Most studies were published in 2022 and conducted in Europe (n = 10), Asia (n = 7), and North America (n = 5), with one worldwide analysis. Various indicators were used to assess greenspace exposure including objective measures (e.g., level of surrounding greenness, quantity, structural features, tree canopy coverage), and greenspace use (e.g., duration and frequency). Suicide mortality was the most studied outcome (n = 14). Quality assessment showed that most (87 %) of the included observational studies used representative samples. Protective associations of exposure to greenspace were reported for suicide mortality (9/14 or 64 %), self-harm (n = 3/5 or 60 %) and suicidal ideation (n = 4/6 or 67 %), with nine or 36 % studies reporting no association. Most of the included studies adjusted for key covariates such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status at various aggregate levels (e.g., household, city). For greenspace exposure and suicide mortality, studies stratified by sex (n = 10) showed larger protective associations for females (n = 7) than for males (n = 4). However, the included studies showed high heterogeneity in terms of exposure indicators and greenspace definitions. Experimental studies and studies using youth samples were rare. While more research is warranted, preliminary findings suggest protective associations between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Bolanis
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francis Vergunst
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3011, Australia; Environmental Public Health Branch, Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Emma Schmelefske
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bassam Khoury
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Tari B, Künzi M, Pflanz CP, Raymont V, Bauermeister S. Education is power: preserving cognition in the UK biobank. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1244306. [PMID: 37841724 PMCID: PMC10568007 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1244306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dementia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive function. Although there are currently limited, largely symptomatic treatments for the diseases that can lead to dementia, its onset may be prevented by identifying and modifying relevant life style risk factors. Commonly described modifiable risk factors include diet, physical inactivity, and educational attainment. Importantly, however, to maximize the utility of our understanding of these risk factors, tangible and meaningful changes to policy must also be addressed. Objectives Here, we aim to identify the mechanism(s) by which educational attainment influences cognition. Methods We investigated data from 502,357 individuals (Mage = 56.53, SDage = 8.09, 54.40% female) from the UK Biobank cohort via Structural Equation Modelling to illustrate links between predictor variables (i.e., Townsend Deprivation Index, coastal distance, greenspace, years of education), covariates (i.e., participant age) and cognitive function as outcome variables (i.e., pairs-matching, trail-making task B, fluid intelligence). Results Our model demonstrated that higher education was associated with better cognitive performance (ps < 0.001), and this relationship was mediated by indices of deprivation, and coastal distance. Conclusion Accordingly, our model evinces the mediating effect of socioeconomic and environmental factors on the relationship between years of education and cognitive function. These results further demonstrate the utility and necessity of adapting public policy to encourage equitable access to education and other supports in deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Tari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Morgane Künzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Patrick Pflanz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Raymont
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Shareck M, Aubé E, Sersli S. Neighborhood Physical and Social Environments and Social Inequalities in Health in Older Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5474. [PMID: 37107756 PMCID: PMC10139110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Poor health and well-being are prevalent among young people. Neighborhoods may play a role in promoting good health. Little is known on if and how neighborhood characteristics affect health, and social inequalities therein, among young people. In this scoping review, we asked: (1) what features of the neighborhood physical and social environments have been studied in association with the physical and mental health and well-being of young people 15 to 30 years old; and (2) to what extent have social differentials in these associations been studied, and how? We identified peer-reviewed articles (2000 to 2023) through database and snowball searches. We summarized study characteristics, exposure(s), outcome(s) and main findings, with an eye on social inequalities in health. Out of the 69 articles reviewed, most were quantitative, cross-sectional, conducted among 18-year-olds and younger, and focused on the residential neighborhood. Neighborhood social capital and mental health were the most common exposure and outcome studied, respectively. Almost half of the studies examined social inequalities in health, mostly across sex/gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Evidence gaps remain, which include exploring settings other than residential neighborhoods, studying the older age stratum of young adulthood, and assessing a broader range of social inequalities. Addressing these gaps can support research and action on designing healthy and equitable neighborhoods for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Shareck
- Département des Sciences de la Santé Communautaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Cao NW, Zhou HY, Du YJ, Li XB, Chu XJ, Li BZ. The effect of greenness on allergic rhinitis outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160244. [PMID: 36402344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between greenness and health emerges as new public health concern. More published studies from multiple areas have explored the relationship between greenness and allergic rhinitis (AR) in children and adolescents. This study aims to determine the association between greenness and allergic rhinitis by systematic review and meta-analysis, in order to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the impact of greenness on AR in children and adolescents. METHODS The relative literature was systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, and Web of science lastly on September 25, 2022. Terms related to greenness and allergic rhinitis were used for searching. Summary effect estimates of greenness on AR in children and adolescents were calculated for per 10 % increase of greenness exposure with different buffer sizes by random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 579 studies were screened, and fourteen studies from Europe, Asia and North America were finally included. Most greenness exposure were measured by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Enhanced vegetation index, outdoor-green environmental score and existed to measuring different greenness types. Greenness surrounding residences and schools were assessed. The overall effect of greenness on primary outcome was 1.00 (95%CI = 0.99-1.00). Most effect estimates of greenness were included in the NDVI-500 m group, and the pooled OR was 0.99 (95%CI = 0.97-1.01). No significant pooled estimates were found in analyses with study locations. CONCLUSION This study indicates no significant association between greenness exposure and AR in children and adolescents. Various exposure measures and conversion of data may affect the results of this meta-analysis. More precise assessment of personal greenness exposure in well-designed prospective studies are vital for drawing a definite association in future. Furthermore, greenness exposure surrounding schools should be paid considerable attention for its effect on AR in school-aged children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nv-Wei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao-Yue Zhou
- Hospital-Acquired Infection Control Department, The First Hospital of Jiaxing & The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Jie Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Bao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Ye T, Yu P, Wen B, Yang Z, Huang W, Guo Y, Abramson MJ, Li S. Greenspace and health outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120193. [PMID: 36122655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence has linked greenspace and various health outcomes in children and adolescents, but the conclusions were inconsistent. For this review, we comprehensively summarized the measurement methods of greenspace, resultant health outcomes, and potential mechanisms from epidemiological studies in children and adolescents (aged ≤19 years). We searched for studies published and indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE (via Ovid) up to April 11, 2022. There were a total of 9,291 studies identified with 140 articles from 28 countries finally assessed and included in this systematic review. Over 70% of the studies were conducted in highly urbanised countries/regions, but very limited research has been done in low-and middle-income countries and none in Africa. Measures of greenspace varied. Various health outcomes were reported, including protective effects of greenspace exposure on aspects of obesity/overweight, myopia, lung health, circulatory health, cognitive function, and general health in children and adolescents. The associations between greenspace exposure and other health outcomes were inconsistent, especially for respiratory health studies. We pooled odds ratios (OR) using random-effects meta-analysis for health outcomes of asthma (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.84 to 1.06), allergic rhinitis (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.25), and obesity/overweight (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84 to 0.98) with per 0.1 unit increase in normalized difference in vegetation index (NDVI). These associations have important implications for the assessment and management of urban environment and health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bo Wen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Associations of greenness surrounding schools and self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:62-69. [PMID: 36058356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of school-based greenness exposure on mental health among adolescents remains unclear. The study aimed to estimate the associations between school-based greenness and depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents and explore potential modifier and mediator between the associations. METHODS A cross-sectional survey involving 15,559 adolescents was conducted in China. The Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 9-Item Scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale were used to assess the depressive and anxiety symptoms among adolescents. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index within a 400 m and 800 m zone surrounding schools was used to indicate the adolescents' exposure to greenness. We estimated daily concentrations of PM1.0, PM2.5, and NO2 from the China High Air Pollutants dataset. Multiple logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Higher exposure to greenness surrounding schools was negatively associated with depressive (OR: 0.774, 95%CI: 0.685-0.875) and anxiety symptoms (0.740, 0.669-0.818). We observed stronger associations between greenness and depressive and anxiety symptoms among girls, lower age group (11-15 years), and adolescents born to parents with lower education levels. PM1.0 (proportion mediated estimates: 14.3 %; 95 % CI: 4.2 %, 24.5 %) and PM2.5 (10.5 %; 95 % CI: 3.0 %, 17.9 %) mediated the associations between greenness exposure and depressive symptoms. The number of days adolescents attended physical education classes per week mediated -22.8 % (95 % CI: -38.5 %, -7.1 %) and -9.7 % (95 % CI: -15.5 %, -3.8 %) of the effects of greenness on depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the greenness and improving the environment surrounding schools is effective in promoting the mental health of adolescents.
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Wiley ER, Stranges S, Gilliland JA, Anderson KK, Seabrook JA. Residential greenness and substance use among youth and young adults: Associations with alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113124. [PMID: 35339465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has identified positive associations between green space and physical and mental health outcomes. Substance use outcomes, however, have received considerably less attention. This study investigates the association between residential greenness and substance use through an analysis of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among youth and young adults. METHODS This study utilized three waves (2016-2018) of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), as well as residential greenness data from the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Consortium (CANUE). Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore variation in the pattern of substance use between greenness quartiles. The sample included 14,070 youth and young adults (15-25 years). RESULTS Residential greenness was not associated with alcohol use in general but was associated with lower odds of frequent binge drinking. Residential greenness was also associated with lower odds of tobacco use and greater odds of marijuana use. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that residential greenness is associated with patterns of substance use. The strength and direction of association, however, is highly contingent upon the substance under investigation. Living in greener neighborhoods may confer certain benefits to substance use and abuse among youth and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Wiley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Abdullah AYM, Law J, Perlman CM, Butt ZA. Age- and Sex-Specific Association Between Vegetation Cover and Mental Health Disorders: Bayesian Spatial Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e34782. [PMID: 35900816 PMCID: PMC9377430 DOI: 10.2196/34782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing evidence that reduced vegetation cover could be a putative risk factor for mental health disorders, the age- and the sex-specific association between vegetation and mental health disorder cases in urban areas is poorly understood. However, with rapid urbanization across the globe, there is an urgent need to study this association and understand the potential impact of vegetation loss on the mental well-being of urban residents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the spatial association between vegetation cover and the age- and sex-stratified mental health disorder cases in the neighborhoods of Toronto, Canada. METHODS We used remote sensing to detect urban vegetation and Bayesian spatial hierarchical modeling to analyze the relationship between vegetation cover and mental health disorder cases. Specifically, an Enhanced Vegetation Index was used to detect urban vegetation, and Bayesian Poisson lognormal models were implemented to study the association between vegetation and mental health disorder cases of males and females in the 0-19, 20-44, 45-64, and ≥65 years age groups, after controlling for marginalization and unmeasured (latent) spatial and nonspatial covariates at the neighborhood level. RESULTS The results suggest that even after adjusting for marginalization, there were significant age- and sex-specific effects of vegetation on the prevalence of mental health disorders in Toronto. Mental health disorders were negatively associated with the vegetation cover for males aged 0-19 years (-7.009; 95% CI -13.130 to -0.980) and for both males (-4.544; 95% CI -8.224 to -0.895) and females (-3.513; 95% CI -6.289 to -0.681) aged 20-44 years. However, for older adults in the 45-64 and ≥65 years age groups, only the marginalization covariates were significantly associated with mental health disorder cases. In addition, a substantial influence of the unmeasured (latent) and spatially structured covariates was detected in each model (relative contributions>0.7), suggesting that the variations in area-specific relative risk were mainly spatial in nature. CONCLUSIONS As significant and negative associations between vegetation and mental health disorder cases were found for young males and females, investments in urban greenery can help reduce the future burden of mental health disorders in Canada. The findings highlight the urgent need to understand the age-sex dynamics of the interaction between surrounding vegetation and urban dwellers and its subsequent impact on mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Law
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zahid A Butt
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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14
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Bloemsma LD, Wijga AH, Klompmaker JO, Hoek G, Janssen NAH, Lebret E, Brunekreef B, Gehring U. Green space, air pollution, traffic noise and mental wellbeing throughout adolescence: Findings from the PIAMA study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107197. [PMID: 35339919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green space, air pollution and traffic noise exposure may be associated with mental health in adolescents. We assessed the associations of long-term exposure to residential green space, ambient air pollution and traffic noise with mental wellbeing from age 11 to 20 years. METHODS We included 3059 participants of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort who completed the five-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) at ages 11, 14, 17 and/or 20 years. We estimated exposure to green space (the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and percentages of green space in circular buffers of 300 m, 1000 m and 3000 m), ambient air pollution (particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5 absorbance and the oxidative potential of PM2.5) and road traffic and railway noise (Lden) at the adolescents' home addresses at the times of completing the MHI-5. Associations with poor mental wellbeing (MHI-5 score ≤ 60) were assessed by generalized linear mixed models with a logit link, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The odds of poor mental wellbeing at age 11 to 20 years decreased with increasing exposure to green space in a 3000 m buffer (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.78 [95% CI 0.68-0.88] per IQR increase in the average NDVI; adjusted OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.67-0.88] per IQR increase in the total percentage of green space). These associations persisted after adjustment for air pollution and road traffic noise. Relationships between mental wellbeing and green space in buffers of 300 m and 1000 m were less consistent. Higher air pollution exposure was associated with higher odds of poor mental wellbeing, but these associations were strongly attenuated after adjustment for green space in a buffer of 3000 m, traffic noise and degree of urbanization. Traffic noise was not related to mental wellbeing throughout adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Residential exposure to green space may be associated with a better mental wellbeing in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizan D Bloemsma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Alet H Wijga
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Lebret
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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15
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Brons ME, Bolt GS, Helbich M, Visser K, Stevens GW. Independent associations between residential neighbourhood and school characteristics and adolescent mental health in the Netherlands. Health Place 2022; 74:102765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Tran I, Sabol O, Mote J. The relationship between greenspace exposure and psychopathology symptoms: A systematic review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:206-222. [PMID: 36325036 PMCID: PMC9616266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenspace exposure is associated with psychological benefits. In this systematic review, we summarized and critically evaluated the literature on the relationship between greenspace exposure (i.e., objective and subjective assessments of interactions with nature) and psychopathology incidence and symptom severity in those with and without a clinical diagnosis. A secondary aim of our review was to examine potential interactions between greenspace exposure and urban environmental features (e.g., pollution, population density) associated with poorer mental health. We identified 40 studies published between January 1, 1981, and July 31, 2020, from PubMed and PsycINFO electronic database search. Although heterogeneous in assessments of greenspace exposure and psychopathology symptom domain, the majority of cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence found that objectively assessed greenspace exposure (e.g., satellite measures of greenery) was related to less severe symptoms and lower incidence of psychopathology in children (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms) and adults (e.g., depression symptoms). In addition, five studies that assessed urban environmental features suggest that greenspace exposure may show a net positive relationship with psychopathology over and above the absence of urban features. We discuss limitations of the literature and future directions, including more mechanistic work to delineate the potential cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors that may contribute to the beneficial relationship between greenspace exposure and psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Tran
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
- Address correspondence to Ivy Tran, M.A.
| | - Olivia Sabol
- Department of Occuptional Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Jasmine Mote
- Department of Occuptional Therapy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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17
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Fleckney P, Bentley R. The urban public realm and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2021; 284:114242. [PMID: 34333404 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent mental health is becoming a critical concern. Mental illness rates are rising and many psychological disorders first present symptoms during teenage years. Studies consistently show associations between the built environment and mental health, including internalising mental health disorders in adults, but the evidence for adolescents is less robust and few studies attempt to isolate causality. This review examines the relationship between the urban public realm and adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Our search yielded 24 studies for inclusion. We undertook qualitative synthesis of 20 cross-sectional studies and conducted a separate quality analysis of four longitudinal studies. Greenspace and neighbourhood quality are associated with adolescent mental health and wellbeing although this may be due more to residual confounding, selection effects and same-source bias than evidence for a causal effect. Furthermore, the few longitudinal studies that seek to test causality remain prone to these biases. Overall, we find little evidence of an effect of the urban public realm on adolescent mental health and wellbeing, which, we argue, reflects the difficulty of researching complex pathways between environments and health and highlights a challenge to the field. To address this challenge, we propose a research agenda that prioritises more and better data drawn from diverse study designs, and more and better theories developed from diverse epistemologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fleckney
- Melbourne School of Design, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, University of Melbourne, Masson Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Healthy Housing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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18
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Pitt TM, Aucoin J, HubkaRao T, Goopy S, Cabaj J, Hagel B, McCormack GR. The Relationship of Urban Form on Children and Adolescent Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Canadian Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084180. [PMID: 33920876 PMCID: PMC8071316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban form can have an impact on health outcomes in children, and the synthesis of findings can identify gaps in the literature and regional reviews may help guide policymakers. This study aims to complete a scoping review of the research relating urban form to health outcomes in children and adolescents from urban Canadian settings. Thirteen online databases were searched to identify studies that had objective measures of urban form and health outcomes. Two research assistants independently reviewed 27,444 titles and abstracts, and 176 full-text articles, returning 32 unique studies with youth-specific data. The majority of the included studies were cross-sectional or ecological (n = 26). Six studies used Canada-wide data and the rest were from Ontario (n = 11), Alberta (n = 6), and Quebec (n = 6). Urban form characteristics included neighbourhood food environment (n = 11), parks/natural space/greenness (n = 10), road or intersection characteristics (n = 7), and aggregated urban form measures (n = 7). Studies examined a variety of health outcomes: the majority considered weight status (n = 16) and injury (n = 10). Although there is over-reliance on mainly cross-sectional study designs, there is evidence suggesting that urban form is associated with health outcomes in Canadian youth, with parks/greenspace, road connectivity, and road characteristics most consistently associated with health outcomes in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tona M. Pitt
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada; (T.H.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-955-7517
| | - Janet Aucoin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (J.A.); (J.C.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Tate HubkaRao
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada; (T.H.); (B.H.)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (J.A.); (J.C.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Suzanne Goopy
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Usher Institute, Old Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
| | - Jason Cabaj
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (J.A.); (J.C.); (G.R.M.)
- Alberta Health Services, 10301 Southport Lane SW, Calgary, AB T2W 1S7, Canada
| | - Brent Hagel
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada; (T.H.); (B.H.)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (J.A.); (J.C.); (G.R.M.)
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Gavin R. McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (J.A.); (J.C.); (G.R.M.)
- School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 1-104 Totsukamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
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Ortuño-Sierra J, Lucas-Molina B, Inchausti F, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Special Issue on Mental Health and Well-Being in Adolescence: Environment and Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062975. [PMID: 33799395 PMCID: PMC7998780 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychological problems in children and adolescent populations range from 10% to 20% [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ortuño-Sierra
- Education Sciences Department, Faculty of Letters and Education, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (F.I.); (E.F.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatriz Lucas-Molina
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Félix Inchausti
- Education Sciences Department, Faculty of Letters and Education, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (F.I.); (E.F.-P.)
| | - Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
- Education Sciences Department, Faculty of Letters and Education, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain; (F.I.); (E.F.-P.)
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Zhang Y, Mavoa S, Zhao J, Raphael D, Smith M. The Association between Green Space and Adolescents' Mental Well-Being: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186640. [PMID: 32932996 PMCID: PMC7557737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review summarised and evaluated the evidence for associations between green space and adolescents’ mental well-being. The PRISMA statement guidelines were followed for reporting systematic reviews. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Synthesis suggests beneficial associations between green space exposure and reduced stress, positive mood, less depressive symptoms, better emotional well-being, improved mental health and behaviour, and decreased psychological distress in adolescents. Several studies found the relationship varied by demographic and socio-economic factors. The limited number of studies and the risk of bias were the main limitations, together with heterogeneity regarding green space and mental well-being assessments. Overall, this review highlights the potential contribution of green space in schoolyards. Improving the availability, accessibility and quality of green space is likely to generate positive impacts on adolescents’ mental well-being. More consistent evidence on the use of different types of green space and perceptions of features are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (J.Z.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-2102324817
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (J.Z.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Deborah Raphael
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (J.Z.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Melody Smith
- School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (J.Z.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
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Hao X, Zhou D, Li Z, Zeng G, Hao N, Li E, Li W, Deng A, Lin M, Yan B. Severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1166-1173. [PMID: 32353184 PMCID: PMC7267575 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To compare the severity of psychological distress between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls during the COVID‐19 outbreak in southwest China, as well as identify potential risk factors of severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy. Methods This cross‐sectional case‐control study examined a consecutive sample of patients older than 15 years treated at the epilepsy center of West China Hospital between February 1 and February 29, 2020. As controls, sex‐ and age‐matched healthy visitors of inpatients (unrelated to the patients) were also enrolled during the same period. Data on demographics and attention paid to COVID‐19 were collected by online questionnaire, data on epilepsy features were collected from electronic medical records, and psychological distress was evaluated using the 6‐item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K‐6). Potential risk factors of severe psychological distress were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results The 252 patients and 252 controls in this study were similar along all demographic variables except family income. Patients with epilepsy showed significantly higher K‐6 scores than healthy controls and spent significantly more time following the COVID‐19 outbreak (both P < .001). Univariate analyses associated both diagnosis of drug‐resistant epilepsy and time spent paying attention to COVID‐19 with severe psychological distress (defined as K‐6 score >12; both P ≤ .001). Multivariate logistic regression identified two independent predictors of severe psychological distress: time spent paying attention to COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.172, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.073‐1.280) and diagnosis of drug‐resistant epilepsy (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.128‐0.623). Significance During public health outbreaks, clinicians and caregivers should focus not only on seizure control but also on mental health of patients with epilepsy, especially those with drug‐resistant epilepsy. K‐6 scores > 12 indicate severe psychological distress. This may mean, for example, encouraging patients to engage in other activities instead of excessively following media coverage of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Hao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojun Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanya Hao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Enzhi Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Outpatient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Deng
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.,Outpatient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Mintao Lin
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Lukmanji A, Williams JV, Bulloch AG, Dores AK, Patten SB. The Association of Active Living Environments and Mental Health: A Canadian Epidemiological Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061910. [PMID: 32183467 PMCID: PMC7142646 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Environments that promote use of active transport (walking, biking, and public transport use) are known as “active living environments” (ALE). Using a Canadian national sample, our aim was to determine if ALEs were associated with mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms, and mood and anxiety disorders. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey from 2015–2016 was used for demographic characteristics and mental health outcomes (n ≈ 110,000). This data was linked to datasets from the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium, reporting ALE and social and material deprivation. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using standard dichotomized scores of 5+ (mild) and 10+ (moderate/severe) from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Self-reported diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders were also included. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of mental health outcomes with four classes of ALE. The analysis included adjustments for social and material deprivation, age, sex, chronic conditions, marital status, education, employment, income, BMI, and immigrant status. No association between any mental health outcome and ALE were observed. While the benefits of ALE to physical health are known, these results do not support the hypothesis that more favorable ALE and increased use of active transport is associated with better mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Lukmanji
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (A.L.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Jeanne V.A. Williams
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (A.L.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Andrew G.M. Bulloch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (A.L.); (A.K.D.)
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Ashley K. Dores
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (A.L.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Scott B. Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; (A.L.); (A.K.D.)
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-8752
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Hosseinkhani Z, Hassanabadi HR, Parsaeian M, Nedjat S, Foroozanfar Z. The role of mental health, academic stress, academic achievement, and physical activity on self-rated health among adolescents in Iran: A multilevel analysis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:182. [PMID: 33015205 PMCID: PMC7497124 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_161_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promotion of adolescents requires appropriate evidences of its determinants. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of self-rated health (SRH) among adolescents in Qazvin, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive cross-sectional study, with a multistage sampling method, we recruited 1740 adolescents aged 12-19 years from 53 schools in Qazvin, Iran (2018). We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Adolescents' Academic Stress Questionnaire for data collection. The analysis was conducted using a multilevel logistic regression model. Gender, educational period, and socioeconomic status were considered as confounders. RESULTS Almost 21% of the adolescents reported their SRH suboptimal. Suboptimal SRH was higher in girls and older adolescents. Mental health disorders and academic stress had a positive association with SRH. However, this association was negative for academic achievement and physical activity. The interaction between mental health disorders and academic stress with SRH had a significant association in a crud regression model. CONCLUSION Mental health, academic stress, academic achievement, and physical activity were important predictors for SRH. Interventions that focus on promoting mental health, academic stress, academic achievement, and physical activity such as physical activity for 1 h and each day for 3 days per week can improve SRH in adolescents. Hence, policymakers should pay more attention to this issue in health promotion programs of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin, University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Mahboubeh Parsaeian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nedjat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Saharnaz Nedjat, Department of Epidemiology .and Biostatistics, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Zohre Foroozanfar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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