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Aldbyani A, Nasser Alhadoor ZA. The impact of mindfulness training on alleviating COVID-19 fear among international students in China: A quasi-experimental study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31809. [PMID: 38845936 PMCID: PMC11153168 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of mindfulness training on alleviating fear of the COVID-19 epidemic among international students in China during the academic year 2020. The training group participants (N = 41) and the control group participants (N = 44) were surveyed pre-and post-training with the two English questionnaires: The Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the fear of the COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). The results showed that, regarding the relationship between the two main variables in the study, mindfulness is related negatively to the COVID-19 epidemic. Moreover, compared to the control group, results showed that individuals in the training group demonstrated significant improvements in mindfulness levels and decreased Fear of COVID-19. Thus, findings suggest that a short online mindfulness meditation training may reduce fear of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Ahmed MZ, Ahmed O, Hanbin S, Xie P, Jobe MC, Li W. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Chinese People During the Omicron Outbreak and Its Impact on Sleep Quality and Alcohol Dependency. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2024; 25:329-336. [PMID: 39148588 PMCID: PMC11322709 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.241574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective The present study aims to assess the mental health of Chinese people during the Omicron variant outbreak in March 2022. This study also explores how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure history, vaccination status, sleep quality, and alcohol dependency symptoms influence mental health outcomes. Methods The data were collected from 1049 Chinese people through Tencent using a structured questionnaire utilizing convenience sampling technique. The online cross-sectional study included the Chinese version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependency, fear of COVID-19, and sleep quality, respectively. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests and χ 2 tests to assess the differences in study variables across demographic characteristics, and multiple linear regressions to assess the effect of the experience of COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and mental health variables on sleep quality and alcohol dependency. Results Results showed that 11.5% to 32.4% of the participants had a poor mental health symptoms. Males had significantly higher depressive symptoms (χ 2 = 12.283, df = 4, P = .015) and alcohol dependency symptoms (χ 2 = 66.604, df = 3, P < .001), and females had significantly lower mental well-being (χ 2 = 12.742, df = 2, P = .002). Additionally, findings showed that stress (β = .250, P < .001), mental well-being (β = -.166, P < .001), and fear of COVID-19 (β = .061, P = .029) predicted poorer sleep quality, and anxiety (β = .115, P = .035) and mental well-being (β = -.097, P = .002) predicted alcohol dependency symptoms. Conclusion Since the pandemic-induced mental health challenges persist for a prolonged period, the findings of these relationships offer guidance for mental health professionals to formulate therapeutic interventions to help people cope with psychological crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahir Ahmed
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sang Hanbin
- School of Teacher Education, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Pei Xie
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mary C. Jobe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington D.C, USA
| | - Weijian Li
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Rzymski P, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Parczewski M, Genowska A, Poniedziałek B, Strukcinskiene B, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Flisiak R. The burden of infectious diseases throughout and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023) and Russo-Ukrainian war migration. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29651. [PMID: 38712743 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how the infectious disease burden was affected throughout the COVID-19 pandemic is pivotal to identifying potential hot spots and guiding future mitigation measures. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the changes in the rate of new cases of Poland's most frequent infectious diseases during the entire COVID-19 pandemic and after the influx of war refugees from Ukraine. We performed a registry-based population-wide study in Poland to analyze the changes in the rate of 24 infectious disease cases from 2020 to 2023 and compared them to the prepandemic period (2016-2019). Data were collected from publicly archived datasets of the Epimeld database published by national epidemiological authority institutions. The rate of most of the studied diseases (66.6%) revealed significantly negative correlations with the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections. For the majority of infectious diseases, it substantially decreased in 2020 (in case of 83%) and 2021 (63%), following which it mostly rebounded to the prepandemic levels and, in some cases, exceeded them in 2023 when the exceptionally high annual rates of new cases of scarlet fever, Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, HIV infections, syphilis, gonococcal infections, and tick-borne encephalitis were noted. The rate of Clostridioides difficile enterocolitis was two-fold higher than before the pandemic from 2021 onward. The rate of Legionnaires' disease in 2023 also exceeded the prepandemic threshold, although this was due to a local outbreak unrelated to lifted COVID-19 pandemic restrictions or migration of war refugees. The influx of war migrants from Ukraine could impact the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases. The present analysis indicates that continued efforts are needed to prevent COVID-19 from overwhelming healthcare systems again and decreasing the control over the burden of other infectious diseases. It also identifies the potential tipping points that require additional mitigation measures, which are also discussed in the paper, to avoid escalation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Miłosz Parczewski
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Genowska
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Pereira MG, Fraga J, Santos M, Ferraz A, Vilaça M. Parental burnout during COVID-19: The moderating role of anxiety and family functioning. Stress Health 2024:e3411. [PMID: 38676938 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Parental burnout (PB) is characterised by parental exhaustion resulting from exposure to chronic parental stress. Due to the social and economic changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic that impacted families, there is a significant scientific interest in identifying factors related to PB within the pandemic context. This study aimed to analyse the relationships between parental stress (parental concerns, parental satisfaction, lack of control, and fears and anxieties), family functioning, psychological morbidity (anxiety and depression), and burnout in parents. The sample consisted of 253 parents, legal guardians or primary caregivers of children aged between 0 and 6 years. Results revealed that the child's age, psychological morbidity (depression), and parental stress were significant predictors of PB. Anxiety and family functioning played a moderating role in the relationship between parental satisfaction and PB. According to the results, intervention programs should focus on anxiety symptoms and family functioning to mitigate the effects of parental stress on PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graça Pereira
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jonas Fraga
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Martim Santos
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Ferraz
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Vilaça
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Rohita T, Nursalam N, Hadi M, Pramukti I, Nurkholik D, Septiane A, Hasanah I, Susanti IA. Work-related stress among nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic: What are the contributing factors? Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76Suppl 1:e20220586. [PMID: 38055427 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the contributing factors of work-related stress among nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 101 nurse practitioners from two hospitals in West Java, Indonesia. We distributed an online questionnaire to evaluate work-related stress and the data were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS More than half of the nurses experienced moderate work-related stress. The study revealed that nurses aged over 35 years old had a lower likelihood of experiencing work-related stress (AOR: 0.173; 95%CI: 0.038-0.782). Married nurses had a higher likelihood (AOR: 7.156; 95% CI: 1.456-35.163). Additionally, nurses with low and moderate workloads had a lower likelihood (AOR: 0.003; 95%CI: 0.000-0.051) and (AOR: 0.025; 95%CI: 0.005-0.116), respectively. CONCLUSION The consideration of age, marital status, and workload is essential in effectively addressing work-related stress among nurse practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tita Rohita
- Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Nursing. Surabaya, Indonesia
- Universitas Galuh, Faculty of Health Sciences. Ciamis, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Hadi
- Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Faculty of Nursing. Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Iqbal Pramukti
- Universitas Padjadjaran, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing. Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Dedeng Nurkholik
- Universitas Galuh, Faculty of Health Sciences. Ciamis, Indonesia
| | - Arifah Septiane
- Universitas Galuh, Faculty of Health Sciences. Ciamis, Indonesia
| | - Idyatul Hasanah
- Mataram Institute of Health Science, Department of Nursing. Mataram, Indonesia
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Nxumalo CT, Tokwe L, Ngcobo SJ, Gam NP, Mchunu GG, Makhado L. Exploring the perceptions and lived experiences of family members living with people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa: a descriptive phenomenological study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2247622. [PMID: 37639491 PMCID: PMC10464539 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2247622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and prevalence of COVID-19 continues to escalate globally, with the consequence to quality of life, the economies of nations and various sectors of society. While there is substantial research on the impact and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, little remains known about the perceptions and lived experiences of families living with people diagnosed with COVID-19, particularly within the South African context. PURPOSE To explore the perceptions and lived experiences of family members living with people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. METHODS A descriptive phenomenological design was used. Data were collected from 15 participants who were family members of people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. Purposive snowball sampling was used to identify and recruit participants, and data were collected at community level in KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape and Gauteng, South Africa. Individual in-depth interviews were used to collect the data, and an audio tape was used to record all interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a phenomenological data analysis processes. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal Research Ethics Committee-reference number: BREC00003228/2021. RESULTS Four super-ordinate themes emerged in relation to the perceptions and lived experiences of family members living with people diagnosed with COVID-19 in South Africa. The superordinate themes were: (1) sources of information about COVID-19, (2) pandemic perceptions and experiences, (3) impact of diagnosis and related burden and (4) aftermath of living with a family member diagnosed with COVID-19. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Family members' perceptions and lived experiences of COVID-19 are largely influenced by media, moreover, the impact of diagnosis has consequences for the physical, mental and emotional well-being of family members. Diagnosis disrupts family dynamics by depleting financial resources due to the caregiver burden experienced. The findings thus imply that provision of psychosocial support is imperative for families living with persons diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celenkosini Thembelenkosini Nxumalo
- Academic Development Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Ritson Campus, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lwandile Tokwe
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silingene Joyce Ngcobo
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nkululeko Phalson Gam
- Centre for quality Promotion and Assurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gugu Gladness Mchunu
- Executive Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Ritson Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lufuno Makhado
- Executive Dean, School of Public Health, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Wu J, Qiu L, Xiong W, Shen Y, Li J, Wu J, Zhou Q. COVID-19 anxiety and related factors amid adjusted epidemic prevention policies: a cross-sectional study on patients with late-life depression in China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072725. [PMID: 38000824 PMCID: PMC10680000 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 anxiety in patients with late-life depression (LLD) during the adjustment of epidemic prevention policies in China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The data analysed in this study were collected from seven regions in China between November 2022 and January 2023. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1205 patients with LLD (aged 60-78 years) participated in the survey. They completed a social demographic assessment and the Chinese version of the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the anxiety level of the participants. Patients were categorised into two groups based on their anxiety levels, one with anxiety and one without, according to CAS scores. RESULTS The prevalence of COVID-19 anxiety in depressed older adults was 47.3%. Regression analysis revealed that the average COVID-19 anxiety score was significantly higher among females (AOR: 2.177, 95% CI 1.201 to 3.947), widowed individuals (AOR: 3.015, 95% CI 1.379 to 6.591), patients residing at a distance from healthcare facilities (AOR: 3.765, 95% CI 1.906 to 7.438), and those who frequently experienced worry (AOR: 1.984, 95% CI 1.111 to 3.543). Conversely, the anxiety score was significantly lower among divorced individuals (AOR: 0.491, 95% CI 0.245 to 0.988), those aged 70 years and above (AOR: 0.117, 95% CI 0.064 to 0.213), patients without difficulty obtaining medication (AOR: 0.027, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.097), those living with family members (AOR: 0.080, 95% CI 0.022 to 0.282) or in nursing homes compared with those living alone (AOR: 0.019, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.087). CONCLUSION Women with LLD who are widowed, live far from healthcare facilities, and are prone to excessive worry are more likely to experience anxiety. It is advisable to implement appropriate preventive measures and provide psychosocial support programmes for this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghe Qiu
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendian Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nangjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Rongjun Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Baccon WC, Salci MA, Carreira L, Gallo AM, Marques FRDM, Laranjeira C. "Feeling Trapped in Prison" Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceptions and Practices among Healthcare Workers and Prison Staff from a Brazilian Maximum Security Unit. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2451. [PMID: 37685485 PMCID: PMC10487085 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had several repercussions on prison staff, but the currently available evidence has mainly ignored these effects. This qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the prison system through the narratives of health and security professionals, using the methodological framework of the constructivist grounded theory proposed by Charmaz. The sample included 10 healthcare workers and 10 security professionals. Data collection took place between October and November 2022 through individual in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using the MaxQDA software. Three categories of interrelated data emerged: (1) "Confrontation and disruption" caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prison system; (2) "Between disinfodemic and solicitude" referring to the tension between information management and the practice of care centered on the needs of inmates; and, finally, (3) "Reorganization and mitigation strategies during the fight against COVID-19". Continuous education and the development of specific skills are essential to enable professionals to face the challenges and complex demands that arise in prison contexts. The daily routines professionals had previously taken for granted were disrupted by COVID-19. Thus, investing in adequate training and emotional support programs is crucial to promote the resilience and well-being of these professionals, ensuring an efficient and quality response to critical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Cristina Baccon
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.)
| | - Maria Aparecida Salci
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.)
| | - Lígia Carreira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.)
| | - Adriana Martins Gallo
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.)
| | - Francielle Renata Danielli Martins Marques
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (W.C.B.); (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (F.R.D.M.M.)
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Campus 5, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Rua de Santo André-66-68, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
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Kelada L, Schiff M, Gilbar O, Pat-Horenczyk R, Benbenishty R. University students' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural equation model of the role of resource loss and gain. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:3012-3028. [PMID: 37459279 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Using the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we aimed to determine whether university students' loss and gain in resources during the pandemic mediated the relationships between COVID-19 exposure/concern and depression and anxiety. In 2021, 7013 Israeli university students completed online questionnaires. We assessed the data using structural equation modeling. We found that resource loss was directly related to concern (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Depression and anxiety were both directly related to loss of resources (depression: β = 0.75, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.69, p < 0.001) and concern (depression: β = 0.06, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.12, p < 0.001). Resource loss had an indirect effect on the relationships between concern and depression (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and concern and anxiety (β = 0.22, p < 0.001). COR theory may help explain the mechanisms behind university students' mental health during the pandemic and provides a framework to better understand preparedness for future pandemics, epidemics, and major disasters. Governments and universities should help prevent the loss of resources during future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kelada
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Miriam Schiff
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ohad Gilbar
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Pat-Horenczyk
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami Benbenishty
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Universidad Andres Bellow, Santiago, Chile
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Aljaberi MA, Al-Sharafi MA, Uzir MUH, Sabah A, Ali AM, Lee KH, Alsalahi A, Noman S, Lin CY. Psychological Toll of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An In-Depth Exploration of Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia and the Influence of Quarantine Measures on Daily Life. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2418. [PMID: 37685451 PMCID: PMC10487588 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, on a global scale, has prompted multifaceted challenges, including a notable psychological toll on the general population. This study uses mixed-method approach for a nuanced exploration of these experiences. Using a phenomenological strategy, qualitative responses from 999 participants were analyzed regarding their pandemic-induced anxiety and the influence of quarantine measures on their lives. Quantitative measures, including the revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the seven-item generalized anxiety disorder assessment (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), were used to quantify trauma, depression, anxiety, and insomnia attributed to COVID-19. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for quantitative data analysis. The anxiety-related responses were mainly clustered into four themes: life threats, support shortage, economic consequences, and disruptions to family and social life. Subthemes that addressed the perceived effects encapsulated disruptions to academic and professional lives, familial and social relationships, psychopathological stress, and movement limitations. The findings from quantitative analysis revealed the significant associations between COVID-19-related trauma and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, as indicated by coefficients exceeding 0.10 (all z-values > 1.96; p-values < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings underscore COVID-19's role in escalating anxiety, influenced by various factors, and its disruptive effects on daily life due to quarantine measures. The strong associations between the pandemic and the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia underscore the urgency of comprehensive psychological and public health interventions to alleviate these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musheer A. Aljaberi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz 6803, Yemen
- Faculty of Nursing and Applied Sciences, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi
- Institute of Informatics and Computing in Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
| | - Md. Uzir Hossain Uzir
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia;
| | - Aiche Sabah
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Chlef 02076, Algeria;
| | - Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Smouha, Alexandria 21527, Egypt;
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
| | - Abdulsamad Alsalahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana’a University, Sana’a 1247, Yemen;
| | - Sarah Noman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Malaysia;
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
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Navarro R, Vega V, Bayona H, Bernal V, Garcia A. Relationship between technology acceptance model, self-regulation strategies, and academic self-efficacy with academic performance and perceived learning among college students during remote education. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1227956. [PMID: 37711337 PMCID: PMC10497749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the technology acceptance model, self-regulation strategies, and academic self-efficacy with academic performance and perceived learning among college students during remote education. Methods The participants were 301 university students from Lima. Structural equation model was used to test the proposed theoretical relationships between the variables. On the one hand, the study sought to explore the relationship between academic self-efficacy and self-regulation strategies with the technology acceptance model. On the other hand, it sought to determine whether the three dimensions of the technology acceptance model are positively related to perceived learning and academic performance. Results The results suggest the importance of improving psychological variables such as self-efficacy and self-regulation strategies to improve the acceptance of technology, which would also improve the academic performance and perceived learning of students in a virtual environment. Discussion The discussion highlights the significance of self-efficacy and metacognitive strategies in influencing technology perception and attitudes, ultimately impacting perceived learning and academic performance in virtual education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Navarro
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
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12
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Eren N, Zararsız Y, Medetalibeyoğlu A, Polat I. Relationship between Psychological Resilience, Perceived Stress, Death Anxiety and Progression of Disease in Individuals with COVID-19. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2023; 60:245-251. [PMID: 37645087 PMCID: PMC10461767 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the association between perceived stress, death anxiety, psychological resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods 304 patients with COVID-19 diagnosis, who were admitted to İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine Hospital "COVID-19 Patients Monitoring Center" were recruited. No sample selection was made, all the patients who were followed up and treated in the center were included. Data was collected by the researchers through face-to-face interviews using the Sociodemographic Information and Disease Progression Form, Psychological Hardiness Scale (PHS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS). Results Women scored higher in PSS and TDAS. Participants with chronic diseases reported higher death anxiety whereas perceived stress was higher in individuals with psychiatric disorders and ones without a history of intensive care unit stay. Participants without psychiatric disorders, who had longer hospitalization and who fully recovered scored higher in PHS-Control. Patients' report of negative attitudes from their relatives/friends was associated with lower scores in PHS. Perceived stress was correlated with death anxiety and psychological resilience. Conclusion Being female, comorbid physical and mental illnesses, continuation of disease symptoms and low psychological resilience were found to be risk factors in terms of stress and death anxiety in COVID-19 patients. These vulnerable groups need to be closely evaluated with a bio-psychosocial approach and provided psychological support during the course of the disease. Health institutions are recommended to conduct medical treatment in cooperation with psychological care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Eren
- Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Zararsız
- Department of Internal Diseases, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, İstanbul Health and Social Sciences Vocational School, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu
- Department of Internal Diseases, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Irmak Polat
- Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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13
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Dennis D, McGlinchey E, Wheaton MG. The perceived long-term impact of COVID-19 on OCD symptomology. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord 2023; 38:100812. [PMID: 37293372 PMCID: PMC10239286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A pandemic outbreak can lead to excessive, maladaptive levels of anxiety, particularly among individuals who already suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) provided a novel opportunity to examine the possibility that individuals with OCD, compared to those without OCD, might experience greater distress from this common stressor. The present study examined the lasting effects of COVID-19 in the year after the outbreak. Additionally, there is limited research regarding the stability of OCD dimensions; therefore, this study examined whether the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the stability of OCD dimensions. One hundred and forty-three adults who reported they had been diagnosed with OCD and ninety-eight adults without OCD, completed an online survey assessing the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on symptoms of OCD in the year after the initial outbreak. The OCD group showed greater concern about the pandemic and greater concern about future pandemics compared to the comparison group. In addition, COVID-19 related distress differentially related to OCD symptoms dimensions, showing the strongest association with the contamination dimension. Lastly, results showed that many individuals reported that their OCD dimension shifted to obsessions about COVID-19 from their pre-existing OCD dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Dennis
- Fairleigh Dickinson University, United States
- Barnard College of Columbia University, United States
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14
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Mizan-Tepi University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:633-643. [PMID: 35089580 PMCID: PMC8796746 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is an extremely common and widespread problem among university students. A better understanding of the magnitude and determinants of depressive symptoms is required to create appropriate interventions for those groups. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among Mizan-Tepi University students during the pandemic lockdown. METHODS From September 11th to September 25th, 2020, 779 Mizan-Tepi University students participated in this web-based cross-sectional study. The link was created with a Google Form, and the questionnaire was distributed to participants via e-mail, WhatsApp, Telegram, and other social media accounts. To determine the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms, both descriptive and inferential analyses were used. The chi-squared test of association and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among university students. We used (IBM) SPSS version 20 for all statistical analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students was 39.5%. According to results of multivariable binary logistic regression, being female (AOR = 0.339, 95%CI: 0.220-0.522), being an alcoholic (AOR = 2.101, 95%CI: 1.452-3.041), smoking (AOR = 2.088, 95%CI: 1.460-2.986), being quarantined for 14 days (AOR = 1.775, 95%CI: 1.231-2.560), frequently using social media (AOR = 1.510, 95%CI: 1.063-2.145), fearing COVID-19 (AOR = 5.058, 95%CI: 3.508-7.292), having sleeping problems (AOR = 1.703, 95%CI: 1.051-2.760), having a family member infected with COVID-19 (AOR = 1.829, 95%CI: 1.211-2.763), being exposed to COVID-19 (AOR = 1.748, 95%CI: 1.114-2.743), monthly disposable income ≥ 501 ETB (AOR = 0.531, 95%CI: 0.359-0.784), having a higher level of hope (AOR = 0.158, 95%CI:0.056-0.447), and having high social support (AOR = 0.546, 95%CI: 0.374-0.797) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among students. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be high among university students. Being an alcoholic, smoking, quarantined for 14 days, frequently using social media, fearing COVID-19, having sleep problems, having a family member infected with COVID-19, and being exposed to COVID-19 were all associated with an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms, while being a female, having a high level of disposable monthly income, hope, and social support decreased the risk of depressive symptoms among university students. Interventions should be put in place to promote mental health among university students.
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15
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Torales J, González-Urbieta I, Barrios I, Waisman-Campos M, Terrazas-Landivar A, Viola L, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Melgarejo O, Navarro R, García O, Almirón-Santacruz J, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. “Pandemic Fatigue” in South America: A Multi-Center Report from Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030444. [PMID: 36979253 PMCID: PMC10046533 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a heavy impact on daily life, leading to physical and psychosocial consequences. Nowadays, clinicians and health researchers are particularly interested in describing and facing the long-term effects of COVID-19, also known as “long-COVID syndrome”. Pandemic fatigue has been defined as a cluster of demotivation, tiredness, and psychological effects that emerge gradually over time after the infection or through the adoption of the recommended measures to combat it. In this study, we report the findings of a large survey conducted in South America involving 1448 participants (mean age: 33.9 ± 11.2 years old) from Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, Peru, and Paraguay. An online survey was launched through the common social media based on a specific assessment aimed to detect the prevalence of pandemic fatigue and associated factors. Socio-demographic characteristics, medical, and personal information were collected; the Pandemic Fatigue Scale (PFS) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) were also administered. We found mid-levels of pandemic fatigue among respondents (21.7 ± 7.95 score at PFS) as well as significant anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic (1.56 ± 2.76 score at CAS). In addition, pandemic fatigue was significantly associated with the experience of the loss of a relative/friend due to COVID-19, anxiety related to the infection, and reliance on social media as a primary source of information on the pandemic. Vaccination significantly reduced the levels of fatigue among respondents. Our findings may add to the international debate regarding the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and strategies to manage them in the general population of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Torales
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 001511, Paraguay
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 001511, Paraguay
| | | | - Iván Barrios
- Department of Statistics, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Santa Rosa del Aguaray Campus, Santa Rosa del Aguaray 001511, Paraguay
| | - Marcela Waisman-Campos
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fleni, Buenos Aires 2325, Argentina
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires 1699, Argentina
| | - Alexandra Terrazas-Landivar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Center, Universidad Domingo Savio, Santa Cruz de la Sierra 0701, Bolivia
| | - Laura Viola
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Asociación Española, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | | | - Osvaldo Melgarejo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 001511, Paraguay
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 001511, Paraguay
| | - Oscar García
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 001511, Paraguay
| | - José Almirón-Santacruz
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 001511, Paraguay
| | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, Fundação do ABC, Santo André 19802-300, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881736368
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16
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Kozakiewicz A, Izdebski Z, Białorudzki M, Mazur J. Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2988. [PMID: 36833681 PMCID: PMC9957324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which relationship quality affects variability in perceived stress and other emotional difficulties associated with the pandemic. The study was conducted 2-17 March 2022 using a self-administered online survey. The sample size consisted of 1405 individuals who were in a romantic relationship. The scales used in the study included the PSS-4, ECR-RS, SLS-12 and the standardized Pandemic-ED scale (RMSEA = 0.032). Increased stress levels (U = -5.741), pandemic-related emotional difficulties (U = -8.720), worse romantic relationship quality (U = -2.564) and more frequent anxiety-related attachment (U = -3.371) were characteristic of women. A hierarchical regression model for stress showed that age (b = -0.143), financial situation (b = 0.024), the ECR-RS scores (b = 0.219) and pandemic-related emotional difficulties (b = 0.358) proved to be statistically significant predictors of stress. The hierarchical regression model for pandemic-related emotional difficulties indicated five predictors: gender (b = 0.166), education (b = 0.071), financial situation (b = 0.203), scores on the ECR-RS scale (b = 0.048) and stress (b = 0.367). The SEM model used has satisfactory fit indices (RMSEA = 0.051), romantic relationship quality scores and attachment styles interact with the variability of perceived pandemic-related stress and burdens. The determined model offers conclusions relevant to clinicians working with individuals and couples during periods of intense stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kozakiewicz
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Izdebski
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Aspects of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, Warsaw University, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Białorudzki
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
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17
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Factors Associated with COVID-19-Related Stress among Female Primary Caregivers in Vulnerable Families in South Africa. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:377-390. [PMID: 36826212 PMCID: PMC9955265 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inequality in South Africa is deeply rooted, and COVID-19 glaringly brought inequalities between families to the forefront. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with the above average stress levels of female primary caregivers in vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among vulnerable families from October 2021 to February 2022. Above average scores were reported by approximately half of the respondents regarding stress from children/partners and stress related to financial issues. Fear of COVID-19, feeling depressed, COVID-19's impact on daily life, lower education levels, being in a relationship and living together, and perceiving an increase in domestic violence were statistically significantly associated with above average stress from children/partners. Age, impact of COVID-19 on daily life, being in a relationship and living with a husband/partner, and running out of food during the past 30 days were statistically significantly associated with above average stress concerning finances. These results provide new insights that can assist policy makers and practitioners in supporting low-income families during times of crisis. Support should not just focus on practical aspects, such as the provision of food, but equally importantly, on emotional support and protection for female primary caregivers and their families. Future research should delve more deeply into causes of COVID-19-related stress in vulnerable families.
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18
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Yavuz K, Koçak O, Kul Parlak N. Four serially mediating mechanisms in the relationship between COVID-19 fear and employee performance. Work 2023:WOR211360. [PMID: 36683473 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, most workers were forced to work remotely, although having no prior experience, and as a result, they were exposed to new job-related stressors. OBJECTIVES To examine the mediating role of job stress, work-family conflict and job satisfaction between fear of COVID-19 and job performance. METHOD An online questionnaire was conducted a survey of remote workers in Turkey. Responses were obtained from 351 subjects. Related scales were used to measure work-life balance, job stress, job satisfaction, and employee performance as well as fear of COVID-19. Because all hypothesis constructs can be analyzed simultaneously, structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. RESULTS The results showed that fear of COVID-19 affects job stress (p = .001; β= .264). There was a significant relationship between job stress and job satisfaction (p = .001; β= .619). Also, work-family conflict was affected employee job stress (p = .001; β= .516). Job stress had a mediator role fear of COVID-19 on job satisfaction and work-family conflict on job satisfaction. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide a useful measurement model that can be used to evaluate and improve job performance and job satisfaction through work stress and work-family conflict in times of crisis such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Yavuz
- School of Social Services of Patnos, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Orhan Koçak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgün Kul Parlak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Li X, Yang P, Jiang Y, Gao D. Influence of fear of COVID-19 on depression: The mediating effects of anxiety and the moderating effects of perceived social support and stress perception. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1005909. [PMID: 36698611 PMCID: PMC9869132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Explore the influence of fear of COVID-19 on depression, with anxiety as a mediator and perceived social support and stress perception as moderates. Methods From February to March 2020, 1,196 valid data were collected online through questionnaire by cluster sampling method. Fear of COVID-19 Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were used as the survey instrument, and the participants were female undergraduates from a liberal arts college of a Chinese university. Common method bias was assessed using Harman's single-factor test in SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. The levels of participants' anxiety, depression and perceived social support were described using frequency and percentage, Pearson Correlation test was used to measure the correlation between the variables. The PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 1, Model 4, and Model 21) were applied to examine the mediating effect and moderating effect of the model. Results Fear of COVID-19 can positively influence depression, anxiety plays a mediating role between fear of COVID-19 and depression, perceived social support negatively moderates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety, and stress perception positively moderates the relationship between anxiety and depression. These five variables can form a moderated mediating effect model. Conclusion Fear of COVID-19, anxiety and stress perception are risk factors for depression, perceived social support is a protective factor for depression. Reducing the fear of COVID-19, anxiety and stress perception and enhancing perceived social support are beneficial to reduce the level of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Philosophy and Public Administration, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- School of Philosophy and Public Administration, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanju Jiang
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dongdong Gao
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China,*Correspondence: Dongdong Gao, ✉
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20
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Guberina T, Wang AM, Obrenovic B. An empirical study of entrepreneurial leadership and fear of COVID-19 impact on psychological wellbeing: A mediating effect of job insecurity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284766. [PMID: 37172060 PMCID: PMC10180687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The empirical study proposes a model for investigating the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on job insecurity and employee psychological wellbeing during COVID-19 based on the combined theoretical grounds of The Conservation of Resources Theory and Social Learning. To explore the job insecurity relationship with psychological wellbeing, and measure the impact of Fear of COVID-19, an empirical study was conducted on a sample of 408 employees in Croatia. The data of the cross-sectional study was collected in November and December 2020. A strong influence of job insecurity on the psychological wellbeing of employees has been identified. Furthermore, fear of COVID-19 was found to have adverse psychological effects on wellbeing. The theorized positive impact of entrepreneurial leadership on job insecurity was not supported by the evidence. The strong point of our contribution lies in the finding that the entrepreneurial leadership style alone does not buffer against job insecurity, thus pointing that the more comprehensive inquiry into other organizational factors, such as coping, learning abilities, developmental opportunities, personal disposition, and pressure bearing. The research is the first step toward enhancing our understanding of the entrepreneurial dimension of transactional psychology. The observations we recorded have implications for research into the study of the mental processes and their impact on organizational proactive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajana Guberina
- School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ai Min Wang
- School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bojan Obrenovic
- Zagreb School of Management, Zagreb, Croatia
- Luxembourg School of Business, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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21
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Cervantes-Cardona GA, Cervantes-Guevara G, Cervantes-Pérez E, Fuentes-Orozco C, Barbosa-Camacho FJ, Chejfec-Ciociano JM, Brancaccio-Pérez IV, Zarate-Casas MF, González-Ponce FY, Ascencio-Díaz KV, Guzmán-Ruvalcaba MJ, Cueto-Valadez TA, Cueto-Valadez AE, González-Ojeda A. Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among High School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study in Western Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192316154. [PMID: 36498227 PMCID: PMC9740571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation and school closure may predispose adolescents to higher prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress. In this cross-sectional observational study, the validated Spanish version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale was administered to 3112 students aged 14-22 years old. We also collected data on participant gender, age group, school shift (morning or afternoon), school year, family type, whether they or any first-degree relative had been infected with COVID-19, whether any family member had died of COVID-19, and whether either of their parents worked. Mean scores were 8.34 ± 6.33 for depression, 7.75 ± 5.89 for anxiety, and 10.26 ± 5.84 for stress. Female students presented significantly higher scores on all three measures compared with male students. Students who had been infected with COVID-19, who had an infected family member, or who had a family member who died of COVID-19 also presented higher scores on all three measures. Identifying the symptoms and warning signs of depression and anxiety disorders is critical, particularly in vulnerable populations like adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Alonso Cervantes-Cardona
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Gabino Cervantes-Guevara
- Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán 46200, Mexico
| | - Enrique Cervantes-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Calle Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Irma Valeria Brancaccio-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Zarate-Casas
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Fanny Yesenia González-Ponce
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Kriscia Vanessa Ascencio-Díaz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Tania Abigail Cueto-Valadez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Andrea Estefanía Cueto-Valadez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
| | - Alejandro González-Ojeda
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44349, Mexico
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Yadav UN, Das S, Akter N, Huda MN, Hadisuyatmana S, Rahman S, Lim D, Rahman MM. COVID-19 related anxiety and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study on older adults in Bangladesh. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:737. [PMID: 36443729 PMCID: PMC9702614 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in serious mental health conditions, particularly among older adults. This research explored the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and its associated factors among older adults residing in Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,045 older Bangladeshi adults aged ≥ 60 years through telephone interviews in September 2021. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data on participants' characteristics and COVID-19-related anxiety. The anxiety level was measured using the Bengali version of the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). A linear regression model explored the factors associated with COVID-19-related anxiety. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety was 23.2%. The regression analysis revealed that the average COVID-19-related anxiety score was significantly higher among females (β: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.81), and among those who faced difficulty getting medicine (β: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.97), felt isolated (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.95), and felt requiring additional care during the pandemic (β: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.91). Alternatively, the average COVID-19-related anxiety score was significantly lower among those who were widowed (β: -0.46, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.04) and living distant from the health centre (β: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.17). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest providing immediate psychosocial support package to the older adults, particularly females and those who are vulnerable to receive health and social care support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh. .,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - ARM Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Sukanta Das
- grid.443106.40000 0004 4684 0312Department of Statistics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Akter
- grid.414142.60000 0004 0600 7174 Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Huda
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719 School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia
| | - Setho Hadisuyatmana
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XThe Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Sajedur Rahman
- grid.492922.6Save the Children in Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - David Lim
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719 School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- grid.8198.80000 0001 1498 6059Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Fears during the Covid-19 pandemics and their influence on physical health: A cross-sectional study on the general population in Spain. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 23:100361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mauro M, Toselli S, Bonazzi S, Grigoletto A, Cataldi S, Greco G, Maietta Latessa P. Effects of quarantine on Physical Activity prevalence in Italian Adults: a pilot study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14123. [PMID: 36213500 PMCID: PMC9536321 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that caused a global pandemic status in March 2020. Due to its fast diffusion, many governments adopted forced solutions including social restrictions, which could negatively affect citizens' habits as physical activity. Our study aimed to investigate how and why the physical activity prevalence varied from the period before the quarantine up to the period after it, and understand what citizens thought of physical inactivity COVID-19 related to and whether they were satisfied with physical activity promotion during the lockdown. Methods A new questionnaire was created and administered online. A sample of 749 interviews (female = 552 (73.7%), male = 197 (26.3%)) was collected and analysed. Results The prevalence of people who were older than 50 years reduced both during and after the lockdown (P < 0.05) and the most common reason for which they have quitted physical activity practice was related to psychological problems (lockdown = 64.57%; post-lockdown = 62.17%). In addition, youngers seemed to be more sensitive than elders to unhealthy consequences generated by forced isolation (P < 0.05), and they believed that children/adolescents and older adults practised an insufficient amount of physical activity and/or sport, which could negatively impact public health. Conclusions Although many strategies were implemented during the lockdown to promote regular physical activity practice, several results suggested that quarantine negatively affected citizens' habits. The future government should focus on adequate measures to improve health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mauro
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Grigoletto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Fares N, Lloret J, Kumar V, Frederico GF, Kumar A, Garza-Reyes JA. Enablers of post-COVID-19 customer demand resilience: evidence for fast-fashion MSMEs. BENCHMARKING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/bij-11-2021-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to analyse the resilience of customer demand management post-coronavirus disease 2019, using fast fashion as an example. The paper provides insights for potential applications to micro-, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).Design/methodology/approachBased on the qualitative analysis and an integrated Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)-decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) methodology of fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making, we explored and prioritised the enablers of resilience management for fast-fashion MSMEs.FindingsThe results reveal that the highest priority enabler is maintaining customer loyalty. Other enablers are associated with e-commerce endorsement, a customer-focussed assortment of items and flexible store operations.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings will enable fast-fashion MSMEs to develop effective actions and priorities in operations efforts to promote post-pandemic recovery.Originality/valueDespite the importance of the resilience project and the changing fast-fashion customer patterns, only a handful of studies have explored how resilience can be managed in this field. Thus, the findings can contribute to closing this gap in the context of operations resilience research as well as MSME operations.
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Khubchandani J, Sharma S, Webb FJ, Wiblishauser MJ, Sharma M. COVID-19 Infection among Family and Friends: The Psychological Impact on Non-Infected Persons. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1123. [PMID: 36138859 PMCID: PMC9497068 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the mental health impact of having a family member or friend infected with COVID-19. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive national assessment of the psychological impact of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, or death among family members and friends. A multi-item valid and reliable questionnaire was deployed online to recruit adults in the U.S. A total of 2797 adult Americans without a history of COVID-19 infection participated in the study and reported that they had a family member or friend infected with (54%), hospitalized due to (48%), or die (36%) of COVID-19 infection. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both (i.e., psychological distress) were statistically significantly higher among those who had family members/friends infected, hospitalized, or die due to COVID-19. Also, this study found that the greater the number of family members/friends affected by COVID-19, or the more severe the COVID-19 infection outcome (i.e., hospitalization vs. death), the higher the odds of symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both. There is an urgent need to develop educational interventions and implement policy measures that address the growing mental health needs of this subgroup of the population that was not infected but indirectly affected by COVID-19 infections among social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Khubchandani
- College of Health, Education & Social Transformation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Provost Office, Texas A&M University Texarkana, Texarkana, TX 75503, USA
| | - Fern J. Webb
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA
| | - Michael J. Wiblishauser
- School of Education, Health Professions & Human Development, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA
| | - Manoj Sharma
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, Reyes-Bossio M, Delgado-Campusano M, Gallegos M, Carranza Esteban R, Noe-Grijalva M. Psychometric evidence of a new short version in Spanish of the COVID-19 impact scale: A study based on confirmatory factor analysis, graded response model, multigroup analysis, and path analysis. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Muslu L, Kolutek R, Fidan G. Experiences of COVID-19 survivors: A qualitative study based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring. Nurs Health Sci 2022; 24:774-784. [PMID: 35899855 PMCID: PMC9353283 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the experiences of survivors of COVID‐19 in Turkey. The research questions and results are structured according to Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative research design. The phenomenological method was used to explore the experiences of survivors of COVID‐19. A total of 34 survivors of COVID‐19 were included in the study. Data were collected using semi‐structured and open‐ended questions online and via telephone interviews between February and March 2020. Data were evaluated using thematic analysis and descriptive analysis. Six main themes and twenty‐five sub‐themes were defined that describe the experiences of survivors of COVID‐19 regarding the illness: (a) Denial and adaptation, (b) Fear, (c) Feeling of hopelessness, (d) Preventions (e) Meaning attribution, and (f) Metaphors about COVID‐19. Information from this research may be used by healthcare professionals to develop new strategies for the care of survivors of COVID‐19. Moreover, it can be said that Watson’s Theory of Human Caring is suitable for monitoring the psychosocial development of patients with COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Muslu
- Public Health Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Rahşan Kolutek
- Public Health Nursing, Nevsehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Güldane Fidan
- Public Health Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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29
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Bioinformatics, Computational Informatics, and Modeling Approaches to the Design of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article is devoted to applying bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches for the development of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against the spike glycoproteins of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in selected African countries. The study’s relevance is dictated by the fact that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began its global threat at the end of 2019 and since then has had a devastating impact on the whole world. Measures to reduce threats from the pandemic include social restrictions, restrictions on international travel, and vaccine development. In most cases, vaccine development depends on the spike glycoprotein, which serves as a medium for its entry into host cells. Although several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged from mutations crossing continental boundaries, about 6000 delta variants have been reported along the coast of more than 20 countries in Africa, with South Africa accounting for the highest percentage. This also applies to the omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in South Africa. The authors suggest that bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches be used to develop a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against the spike glycoproteins of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in selected African countries. Various immunoinformatics tools have been used to predict T- and B-lymphocyte epitopes. The epitopes were further subjected to multiple evaluations to select epitopes that could elicit a sustained immunological response. The candidate vaccine consisted of seven epitopes, a highly immunogenic adjuvant, an MHC I-targeting domain (MITD), a signal peptide, and linkers. The molecular weight (MW) was predicted to be 223.1 kDa, well above the acceptable threshold of 110 kDa on an excellent vaccine candidate. In addition, the results showed that the candidate vaccine was antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, thermostable, and hydrophilic. The vaccine candidate has good population coverage, with the highest range in East Africa (80.44%) followed by South Africa (77.23%). West Africa and North Africa have 76.65% and 76.13%, respectively, while Central Africa (75.64%) has minimal coverage. Among seven epitopes, no mutations were observed in 100 randomly selected SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins in the study area. Evaluation of the secondary structure of the vaccine constructs revealed a stabilized structure showing 36.44% alpha-helices, 20.45% drawn filaments, and 33.38% random helices. Molecular docking of the TLR4 vaccine showed that the simulated vaccine has a high binding affinity for TLR-4, reflecting its ability to stimulate the innate and adaptive immune response.
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Çıkrıkçı Ö, Çıkrıkçı N, Griffiths M. Fear of COVID-19, stress and depression: A meta-analytic test of the mediating role of anxiety. Psychol Psychother 2022; 95:853-874. [PMID: 35670451 PMCID: PMC9348301 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the lives of millions of individuals physiologically, behaviorally, socially, and/or psychologically. Moreover, there is now much empirical evidence that mental health problems have increased during the pandemic period and these problems have various consequences. The changes in the mood states of individuals due to the pandemic underpins the rationale of the present study. The aim of the study was to identify the cross-sectional associations between fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety, and depression by using two stage-meta-analytic structural equation modeling (TS-MASEM). DESIGN This is a meta-analytic structural equation modelling study. METHOD A systematic literature review initially identified 4840 studies. As a result of applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 studies comprising 28 samples (reporting 120 effect sizes) were eligible for inclusion in the current TS-MASEM (N = 16,452). RESULTS The results showed significant associations between fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, the mediation role of anxiety in the association between depression and fear of COVID-19 and stress was explored. CONCLUSIONS Although the results did not allow for causal inferences regarding depression, they provide insight into the possible consequences of fear of COVID-19 and comorbid problems for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özkan Çıkrıkçı
- Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of EducationTokat Gaziosmanpaşa UniversityTokatTurkey
| | - Neslihan Çıkrıkçı
- Department of Child Education, Pazar Vocational School of Higher EducationTokat Gaziosmanpaşa UniversityTokatTurkey
| | - Mark Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology DepartmentNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
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Munarini E, Stival C, Boffi R, Lugoboni F, Veronese C, Tinghino B, Agnelli GM, Lugo A, Gallus S, Giordano R. Factors associated with a change in smoking habit during the first COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian cross-sectional study among ever-smokers. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1046. [PMID: 35614423 PMCID: PMC9132352 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown period lasted from March to May 2020, resulted in a highly stressful situation yielding different negative health consequences, including the worsening of smoking habit. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study on a convenient sample of 1013 Italian ever smokers aged 18 years or more was conducted. Data were derived from surveys compiled by three different groups of people: subjects belonging to Smoking Cessation Services, Healthcare Providers and Nursing Sciences' students. All institutions were from Northern Italy. The primary outcome self-reported worsening (relapse or increase) or improvement (quit or reduce) of smoking habit during lockdown period. Multiple unconditional (for worsening) and multinomial (for improving) logistic regressions were carried out. RESULTS Among 962 participants, 56.0% were ex-smokers. Overall, 13.2% of ex-smokers before lockdown reported relapsing and 32.7% of current smokers increasing cigarette intake. Among current smokers before lockdown, 10.1% quit smoking and 13.5% decreased cigarette intake. Out of 7 selected stressors related to COVID-19, four were significantly related to relapse (OR for the highest vs. the lowest tertile ranging between 2.24 and 3.62): fear of being infected and getting sick; fear of dying due to the virus; anxiety in listening to news of the epidemic; sense of powerlessness in protecting oneself from contagion. In addition to these stressors, even the other 3 stressors were related with increasing cigarette intensity (OR ranging between 1.90 and 4.18): sense of powerlessness in protecting loved ones from contagion; fear of losing loved ones due to virus; fear of infecting other. CONCLUSION The lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with both self-reported relapse or increase smoking habit and also quitting or reduction of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Munarini
- Pulmonology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Stival
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Boffi
- Pulmonology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Lugoboni
- Department of Medicine, Addiction Medicine Unit, Verona University Hospital, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Veronese
- Pulmonology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Biagio Tinghino
- Alcohol and New Addictions Unit, ASST Brianza, 20871, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Gianna Maria Agnelli
- Occupational Health Unit, Clinica del Lavoro "L. Devoto", Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Addiction Medicine Unit, Verona University Hospital, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37129, Verona, Italy
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Burkova VN, Butovskaya ML, Randall AK, Fedenok JN, Ahmadi K, Alghraibeh AM, Allami FBM, Alpaslan FS, Al-Zu’bi MAA, Al-Mseidin KIM, Biçer DF, Cetinkaya H, David OA, Donato S, Dural S, Erickson P, Ermakov AM, Ertuğrul B, Fayankinnu EA, Fisher ML, Al Gharaibeh F, Hocker L, Hromatko I, Kasparova E, Kavina A, Khatatbeh YM, Khun-Inkeeree H, Kline KM, Koç F, Kolodkin V, MacEacheron M, Maruf IR, Meskó N, Mkrtchyan R, Nurisnaeny PS, Ojedokun O, Adebayo D, Omar-Fauzee MSB, Özener B, Ponciano ELT, Rizwan M, Sabiniewicz A, Spodina VI, Stoyanova S, Tripathi N, Upadhyay S, Weisfeld C, Yaakob MFM, Yusof MR, Zinurova RI. Factors Associated With Highest Symptoms of Anxiety During COVID-19: Cross-Cultural Study of 23 Countries. Front Psychol 2022; 13:805586. [PMID: 35664191 PMCID: PMC9162123 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 restrictions have impacted people's lifestyles in all spheres (social, psychological, political, economic, and others). This study explored which factors affected the level of anxiety during the time of the first wave of COVID-19 and subsequent quarantine in a substantial proportion of 23 countries, included in this study. The data was collected from May to August 2020 (5 June 2020). The sample included 15,375 participants from 23 countries: (seven from Europe: Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia; 11 from West, South and Southeast Asia: Armenia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey; two African: Nigeria and Tanzania; and three from North, South, and Central America: Brazil, Canada, United States). Level of anxiety was measured by means of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 20-item first part of The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). Respondents were also asked about their personal experiences with COVID-19, attitudes toward measures introduced by governments, changes in attitudes toward migrants during a pandemic, family income, isolation conditions, etc. The factor analysis revealed that four factors explained 45.08% of variance in increase of anxiety, and these components were interpreted as follows: (1) personal awareness of the threat of COVID-19, (2) personal reaction toward officially undertaken measures and attitudes to foreigners, (3) personal trust in official sources, (4) personal experience with COVID-19. Three out of four factors demonstrated strong associations with both scales of anxiety: high level of anxiety was significantly correlated with high level of personal awareness of the threat of COVID-19, low level of personal reaction toward officially undertaken measures and attitudes to foreigners, and high level of presence of personal experience with COVID-19. Our study revealed significant main effects of sex, country, and all four factors on the level of anxiety. It was demonstrated that countries with higher levels of anxiety assessed the real danger of a pandemic as higher, and had more personal experience with COVID-19. Respondents who trusted the government demonstrated lower levels of anxiety. Finally, foreigners were perceived as the cause of epidemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N. Burkova
- Center of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Human Ethology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Centre of Anthropology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina L. Butovskaya
- Center of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Human Ethology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- International Centre of Anthropology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ashley K. Randall
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Julija N. Fedenok
- Center of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Human Ethology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Khodabakhsh Ahmadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Derya Fatma Biçer
- Department of Business Administration, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hakan Cetinkaya
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Yaşar University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Oana Alexandra David
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Silvia Donato
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Seda Dural
- Department of Psychology, İzmir University of Economics, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Paige Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Berna Ertuğrul
- Department of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Maryanne L. Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax Regional Municipality, NS, Canada
| | - Fakir Al Gharaibeh
- Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences and Department of Sociology, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lauren Hocker
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Ivana Hromatko
- Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elena Kasparova
- Department of Pedagogy and Problems of Education Development, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander Kavina
- Department of History, St John’s University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Yahya M. Khatatbeh
- Department of Psychology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kai M. Kline
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Fırat Koç
- Department of Anthropology, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Vladimir Kolodkin
- Faculty of Media Communications and Multimedia Technologies, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Melanie MacEacheron
- School of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Norbert Meskó
- Department for General and Evolutionary Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ruzan Mkrtchyan
- Department of Cultural Studies, Faculty of History, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Oluyinka Ojedokun
- Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Nigeria
| | - Damilola Adebayo
- Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Nigeria
| | | | - Barıs Özener
- Department of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Edna Lúcia Tinoco Ponciano
- Institute of Psychology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Agnieszka Sabiniewicz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Victoriya I. Spodina
- Department of History and Ethnology, Ob-Ugric Institute of Applied Researches and Development, Pasundan University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Stanislava Stoyanova
- Department of Psychology, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Nachiketa Tripathi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Satwik Upadhyay
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Carol Weisfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Mat Rahimi Yusof
- School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| | - Raushaniia I. Zinurova
- Institute of Innovation Management, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia
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Testing alternative models and predictive utility of the Death Anxiety Inventory-Revised: A COVID-19 related longitudinal population based study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 225:103539. [PMID: 35219041 PMCID: PMC8858691 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on all aspects of daily life and triggered a swell of anxiety across the world. Some suggest this emotional response to the pandemic can be explained through death anxiety (DA), a transdiagnostic dimension associated with numerous psychological disorders. However, it remains unclear as to whether DA is a unidimensional or multidimensional construct. The primary aim of this study was to examine the underlying structure of the Death Anxiety Inventory-Revised (DAI-R; Tomás-Sábado et al., 2005) and assess its associations with mental health and demographic variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve these aims, we utilized data from Waves 1 (N = 2205: collected between March 23 and March 28, 2020) and 2 (N = 1406: collected between April 22 and May 1, 2020) of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC), a multi-wave nationally representative study. Results showed that a 4-factor model provided the best fit to the data compared to a unidimensional and 4-factor second-order model. Further analyses showed that DA at Wave 1 was positively associated with somatic symptoms, paranoia, depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress symptoms at Wave 2, supporting previous research that suggests that the fear of death is predictive of psychopathology. Significantly, the factor labelled ‘Thoughts about Death’ at Wave 1 was the strongest predictor of the five main psychological variables at Wave 2, after statistically controlling for the other latent variables. These findings highlight the transdiagnostic nature of DA and support this important diagnostic construct becoming a measure of mental health more generally within the population. It is hoped that this research will shine a light on those suffering from DA and become a catalyst for increased therapeutic intervention, funding, and research in this area.
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Galdiolo S, Culot S, Delannoy P, Mauroy A, Laforgue F, Gaugue J. Harmful Stress-Related Couple Processes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: A Longitudinal Dyadic Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:819874. [PMID: 35418906 PMCID: PMC8996772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.819874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus “pandemic.” To reduce the risk of contamination, many countries have ordered a lockdown characterized by social distancing and restrictive isolation measures. While the lockdown has proven to be quite effective in terms of physical health, little is known about its impact on couple satisfaction in a dyadic perspective. The current research was a 4-waves longitudinal study (i.e., from March to July 2020) with the objective to examine the trajectory of couple satisfaction during the lockdown with a dyadic perspective (N = 108 couples), including the presence (or absence) of children at home, the number of hours spent together, and the duration of the relationship as time-invariant predictors and the partner’s couple satisfaction trajectory as a time-varying covariate. Results showed positive intraindividual changes in couple satisfaction during the lockdown, especially an increase in partners’ effectiveness for resolving couple conflicts and a decrease in partners’ aggressiveness. Partners had also perceived the influence of the lockdown as more and more positive over time on couple and family functioning. Finally, the couple satisfaction of both partners changed in tandem during the lockdown: The perception of the couple relationship seems to similarly evolve between partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Galdiolo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Culot
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pauline Delannoy
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Anthony Mauroy
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Florine Laforgue
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Justine Gaugue
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Pisanu E, Di Benedetto A, Infurna MR, Rumiati RI. Psychological Impact in Healthcare Workers During Emergencies: The Italian Experience With COVID-19 First Wave. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:818674. [PMID: 35386527 PMCID: PMC8977468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.818674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 outbreak imposed an overwhelming workload as well as emotional burdens on Healthcare workers (HCWs). In May 2020, an online survey was administered to HCWs in Italy to assess the pandemic's psychological impact and to investigate possible predictive factors that led to individual differences. Methods The psychological experience was measured based on the prevalence of self-reported feelings during the pandemic, including negative and positive emotional states. We analyzed the relationship between factors of gender, age, geographic region, professional role, and operational unit, and the four-point scale used to rate the frequency of each emotional state experienced by performing several multinomial logistic regressions, one for each emotion. Results Our findings suggest that more than half of HCWs experienced psychological distress during the first COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Female and younger respondents, especially those operating in northern Italy experienced more frequently negative emotional states such as irritability, anxiety, loneliness, and insecurity. However, positive feelings, first of all solidarity, were also reported especially by female and older workers. The majority of the negative as well as positive emotional states were experienced almost equally by both doctors and nurses, and independently of the operational unit in which they operated. Conclusions This study can be very useful as a contribution to the current literature on the psychological effects of this pandemic on health workers. Moreover, our findings can provide useful information in planning more tailored psychological interventions to support this category of workers in the ongoing and future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pisanu
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaella I. Rumiati
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza (SSAS), Rome, Italy
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The Influence of Research Follow-Up during COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Distress and Resilience: A Multicenter Cohort Study of Treatment-Resistant Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063738. [PMID: 35329424 PMCID: PMC8950889 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 outbreak, patients with mental disorders have faced more negative psychological consequences than the public. For people with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), it is unclear whether research engagement would protect them from the deterioration of their symptoms. The study aimed to examine if chronic depressive patients would have improved resilience and mental distress levels after follow-up interviews during an observation period under COVID-19. Methods: The study was nested within a three-year prospective cohort study. A two-group comparison design was conducted, i.e., the follow-up group with regular research interviews every three months after baseline assessment and the control group with one assessment-only interview. The two groups were compared with demographics, psychosocial, and suicide information. Results: Baseline assessments were not significantly different in sociodemographic variables, suicide risks, mental distress, and resilience between groups. Significant differences were detected in resilient coping and mental distress levels (p < 0.05). The follow-up group (n = 46) experienced a higher level of resilient coping (37% vs. 25%) and lower level of mental distress (47.8% vs. 64.7%) than the control group (n = 68). Conclusions: Findings highlight under universal government strategy against COVID-19, TRD patients receiving regular research follow-ups exhibited better resilience and less mental distress than those without regular support from healthcare providers.
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Alimoradi Z, Ohayon MM, Griffiths MD, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. Fear of COVID-19 and its association with mental health-related factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e73. [PMID: 35307051 PMCID: PMC8943231 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of COVID-19 remains high worldwide. Therefore, millions of individuals are likely to suffer from fear of COVID-19 and related mental health factors. AIMS The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize empirical evidence to understand fear of COVID-19 and its associations with mental health-related problems during this pandemic period. METHOD Relevant studies were searched for on five databases (Scopus, ProQuest, EMBASE, PubMed Central, and ISI Web of Knowledge), using relevant terms (COVID-19-related fear, anxiety, depression, mental health-related factors, mental well-being and sleep problems). All studies were included for analyses irrespective of their methodological quality, and the impact of quality on pooled effect size was examined by subgroup analysis. RESULTS The meta-analysis pooled data from 91 studies comprising 88 320 participants (mean age 38.88 years; 60.66% females) from 36 countries. The pooled estimated mean of fear of COVID-19 was 13.11 (out of 35), using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The associations between fear of COVID-19 and mental health-related factors were mostly moderate (Fisher's z = 0.56 for mental health-related factors; 0.54 for anxiety; 0.42 for stress; 0.40 for depression; 0.29 for sleep problems and -0.24 for mental well-being). Methodological quality did not affect these associations. CONCLUSIONS Fear of COVID-19 has associations with various mental health-related factors. Therefore, programmes for reducing fear of COVID-19 and improving mental health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Alimoradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maurice M. Ohayon
- Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center (SSERC), School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; and Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
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Fabbri M, Simione L, Martoni M, Mirolli M. The Relationship between Acceptance and Sleep–Wake Quality before, during, and after the First Italian COVID-19 Lockdown. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:172-184. [PMID: 35323170 PMCID: PMC8947186 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that the COVID-19 pandemic has had deleterious effects on sleep quality and mood, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clearly understood. Recently, it has been shown that the acceptance component of mindfulness reduces anxiety, and, in turn, lower anxiety improves sleep quality. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess changes in mindfulness traits, sleep–wake quality, and general distress, before, during, and after the first COVID-19 wave, testing the model in which acceptance influences sleep through anxiety in each period. A total of 250 participants were recruited before (Pre-Lockdown group: 69 participants, 29 females, 33.04 ± 12.94 years), during (Lockdown group: 78 participants, 59 females, 29.174 ± 8.50 years), and after (After-Lockdown group: 103 participants, 86 females, 30.29 ± 9.46 years) the first Italian lockdown. In each group, self-report questionnaires, assessing mindfulness facets, distress, and sleep–wake quality, were administered and assessed. The Lockdown group reported lower acceptance and higher depression, while the After-Lockdown group reported lower sleep–wake quality and higher anxiety. The results of the path analysis confirmed that higher acceptance reduced anxiety and higher anxiety decreased sleep–wake quality in all groups. Our results confirm that acceptance influences sleep through the mediating role of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbri
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Simione
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (ISTC-CNR), Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Monica Martoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialized Medicine, St.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marco Mirolli
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (ISTC-CNR), Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (M.M.)
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Nürnberger P, von Lewinski D, Rothenhäusler HB, Braun C, Reinbacher P, Kolesnik E, Baranyi A. A biopsychosocial model of severe fear of COVID-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264357. [PMID: 35226661 PMCID: PMC8884481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is a respiratory infection that causes not only somatic health issues, but also frequently psychosocial burdens. The aims of this study were to investigate biopsychosocial factors that might further aggravate fear of COVID-19, and to establish a biopsychosocial model of severe fear of COVID-19. Methods 368 participants were included in this study. Biopsychosocial factors observed comprised biological factors (somatic risk), psychological factors (state/trait anxiety, physical symptoms of anxiety, severe health anxiety, specific phobias, depression), and psychosocial factors (social support, financial losses, social media consumption, social contacts with COVID-19 infected people). Psychometric questionnaires included State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, Whiteley-Index / Illness Attitude Scales, Specific Phobia Questionnaire, WHO-5 and Social Support Survey. Results 162/368 (44.0%) participants had almost no fear, 170/368 (46.2%) participants had moderate fear, and 45/368 (12.2%) participants had severe fear of COVID-19. Female participants showed higher levels of fear of COVID-19 than male participants (gender: χ2 = 18.47, p<0.001). However, the level of fear of COVID-19 increased in male participants when they had contact with people who were infected with COVID-19, while in contrast the level of fear of COVID-19 decreased in female participants when they had such contacts [ANCOVA: fear of COVID-19 (contact x gender): F(1,363) = 5.596, p = .019]. Moreover, participants without relationships showed higher levels of fear of COVID-19 (marital status: χ2 = 14.582, p = 0.024). Furthermore, financial losses due to the COVID-19 were associated with higher levels of fear of COVID-19 [ANCOVA: fear of COVID-19(financial loss x gender): F(1, 363) = 22.853, p< .001]. Multiple regression analysis revealed female gender, severe health anxiety (WI-IAS) and state /trait anxiety (STAI) as significant predictors of severe fear of COVID-19. Conclusion In this study significant predictors of severe fear of COVID-19 were female gender, pre-existing state and trait anxiety, as well as severe health anxiety. The finding of significant predictors of fear of COVID-19 might contribute to detect people who might suffer most from severe, overwhelming fear of COVID-19 at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nürnberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Bernd Rothenhäusler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Celine Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Reinbacher
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ewald Kolesnik
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Baranyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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40
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Fadel T, Travis J, Harris S, Webb G. The roles of experiences and risk perception in the practice of preventative behaviors of COVID-19. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 116:30-37. [PMID: 34313555 PMCID: PMC8812785 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.1957595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the variables contributing to the practice of COVID-19 preventative behaviors is important in order to provide the best education to the community. Here, we aim to determine what factors affect an individual's compliance to suggested COVID-19 preventable behaviors. We also aim to determine what contributes to an individual's willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. This study surveyed residents of South Carolina, USA to analyze factors relating to preventative behavior. Survey respondents were asked a series of questions using Qualtrics survey platform. The questions included demographics, experiences with COVID-19, knowledge about the disease, and the practice of preventive behaviors. Results of this study demonstrate that demographic differences (e.g. being older, female, and more educated) and psychological differences (e.g. more COVID-19 personal experiences, perceived susceptibility and severity) are all shown to be significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventative behaviors and vaccine willingness. The factors that influence an individual's preventative behaviors and vaccine willingness are important to understand so that public health officials can best tailor and target their educational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Fadel
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | | | - Scott Harris
- Department of History, Political Science, Philosophy, & American Studies
| | - Ginny Webb
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA
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How South African Families Protected Themselves during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of cases of ‘viral pneumonia’—‘Coronavirus Disease 2019’ (COVID-19)—in Wuhan City, the People’s Republic of China on 31 December 2019. To curb the spread of the virus, various containment measures were introduced. However, no study has explored how families protected themselves during the pandemic. Therefore, this study explored how families protected themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic using a qualitative exploratory design. Thirty-one adult participants, representing families in the Western Cape province of South Africa, were virtually interviewed. The sampling approach was both convenient and snowball. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results show that families followed and adapted to the mainstream protection measures as implemented by the South African government but in addition believed that adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions would protect them from contracting the virus. Therefore, the government and other stakeholders should support families in making it easier to protect themselves during the current and future pandemic(s).
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Tarus HA, Ölmez Yalazı R, Öz T, Demirci N. Effects of Covid-19 fear on the attitudes toward Covid-19 vaccination in reproductive women. Health Care Women Int 2021; 43:398-412. [PMID: 34913845 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.2004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the effect of Covid-19 fears on attitudes of women of reproductive age toward Covid-19 vaccination. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 413 women aged 18-49. "Participant Identification Form," "Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S)" and "Attitudes Towards Covid-19 Vaccine Scale (ATV-Covid-19)" were used to collect data. Kruskall Wallis test, Man Whitney U test and Spearman correlation test were used to evaluate the data. The mean FCV-19S total score of the women within the scope of the study was 18.70 ± 5.34. The mean score of the positive attitude sub-dimension of ATV-Covid-19 of women was 14.09 ± 3.80, the mean score of the negative attitude sub-dimension was 16.21 ± 3.26. A positive, weak and statistically significant correlation was found between FCV-19S total score and ATV-Covid-19 positive attitude sub-dimension mean score (p < 0.05). It was determined that the women within the scope of the study had a moderate fear of Covid-19. However, more women had positive than negative attitudes toward Covid-19 vaccines. In addition, as the level of fear of Covid-19 increases, positive attitudes toward the Covid-19 vaccines increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Arslan Tarus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Division of Nursing, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rüveyda Ölmez Yalazı
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Öz
- Vocational, School of Health Services, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Demirci
- Division of Nursing, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Koçak O. Does Emotional Intelligence Increase Satisfaction with Life during COVID-19? The Mediating Role of Depression. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1529. [PMID: 34828575 PMCID: PMC8620060 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has spread rapidly and become a health crisis around the world, and negatively affected the mental state of individuals. Emotional intelligence (EI) can play an important role in coping with the mental problems experienced due to the pandemic. This study examined how individuals' emotional intelligence levels affect depression and satisfaction with life during the COVID-19 period. The study was designed as quantitative and cross-sectional and reached 578 adult participants online. Emotional intelligence trait scale-short form, depression subscale (DASS-21), satisfaction with life scale, and sociodemographic questions as control variables were used as data collection tools in the study. The data obtained were conducted using SPSS 24, PROCESS-Macro, and Amos 25 statistical programs. The hypotheses established were tested by correlation, multiple regression, mediating, and moderating analyzes. Results confirmed that emotional intelligence had a positive association with satisfaction with life and a negative association with depression. In addition, interaction analyses found that age and family type had a moderating effect on satisfaction with life, and depression had a mediating effect. After discussing the importance of emotional intelligence as a coping mechanism in dealing with problems, some suggestions were made to policymakers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Koçak
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
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Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Wdowiak P, Czeczelewski M, Forma A, Flieger J, Januszewski J, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Baj J. The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Fertility and Female and Male Reproductive Systems. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4520. [PMID: 34640536 PMCID: PMC8509208 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains a huge challenge for contemporary healthcare systems. Apart from widely reported acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the virus affects many other systems inducing a vast number of symptoms such as gastrointestinal, neurological, dermatological, cardiovascular, and many more. Currently it has also been hypothesized that the virus might affect female and male reproductive systems; SARS-CoV-2 infection could also have a role in potential disturbances to human fertility. In this article, we aimed to review the latest literature regarding the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on female and male reproductive systems as well as fertility, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Wdowiak
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.-G.); (P.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Czeczelewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.-G.); (P.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (E.R.-B.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.-G.); (P.W.); (M.C.)
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45
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The Impact of Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions on Satisfaction with Life and the Mediating Role of Loneliness. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness and cognitive distortions have serious negative effects on life satisfaction and are seen as related to each other. However, what mediates in these relationships has not been adequately analyzed. This study aims to analyze the effect between cognitive distortions and life satisfaction by asserting the mediating role of loneliness. For this purpose, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 978 people over the age of 20 from various parts of Turkey using a general screening model. Firstly, we analyzed the direct effect of interpersonal rejection, interpersonal misperception, and unrealistic relationship expectation, which are sub-dimensions of cognitive distortions, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Secondly, we analyzed the effects of independent, mediation, and interaction (Loneliness X age) variables on satisfaction with life. Thirdly, we applied direct regression analysis between independent, mediating, and dependent variables to conduct the mediation analysis of the study. Also, we examined age as a moderator between loneliness and life satisfaction. The results showed loneliness as an essential determinant between cognitive distortions and life satisfaction. Moreover, in the moderation analysis, we found some age-related differences between loneliness and life satisfaction. According to this, both loneliness and life satisfaction increased with increasing age. However, life satisfaction decreased as loneliness increased in young people. Being able to compensate for loneliness in the aging process is an essential psychological indicator. Although young people have more opportunities than older people, their ability to cope with negative situations such as loneliness is largely undeveloped. These results showed both psychological and sociological problems of loneliness. Therefore, the results can be useful for the prevention of loneliness and the development of intervention programs.
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Koçak O, Yılmaz İ, Younis MZ. Why Are Turkish University Students Addicted to the Internet? A Moderated Mediation Model. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:953. [PMID: 34442090 PMCID: PMC8392386 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction has become a significant problem that primarily affects young people. It has an essential effect on the individual's self-perception and assessment of their competencies. This study aimed to reveal whether there is a significant relationship between the level of internet addiction of university students and their age and self-esteem. For this purpose, internet addiction and self-esteem scales were used in addition to questions such as age, gender, the purpose of internet use, and internet daily usage time. We used a quantitative research method to obtain cross-sectional data from 400 Turkish young people using online surveys. Correlation, regression, mediation, and moderation analyses were performed using SPSS and the PROCESS macro plugin for data analysis. Internet addiction was significantly associated with self-esteem, gender, age, and daily internet usage. In addition, we discovered that self-esteem and daily usage time played a mediation role in the effect of the age variable on internet addiction. Moreover, the moderation roles of social networks, gender, and location in the impact of self-esteem on internet addiction were determined. With this study, we understood that as age increases, self-esteem triggers the decrease of internet addiction. In this sense, policies should be developed to increase self-esteem among young people to ensure the conscious use of the internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Koçak
- Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - İlayda Yılmaz
- Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Z. Younis
- College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
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Zeng Y, Ye B, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Family Cohesion and Stress Consequences Among Chinese College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Public Health 2021; 9:703899. [PMID: 34336777 PMCID: PMC8319383 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.703899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Family plays a pivotal role in individuals' mental health. During the COVID-19 epidemic, people were being quarantined at home to prevent the further spread of the virus. Therefore, the influence of family on individuals is more significant than usual. It is reasonable to assume that family cohesion can effectively alleviate the stress consequences during the COVID-19 epidemic. In the present study, a moderated mediation model was constructed to examine the mechanisms underlying the association between family cohesion and stress consequences among Chinese college students. A large sample of Chinese college students (N = 1,254, Mage = 19.85, SDage = 1.29) participated in the study. Results indicated that family cohesion was negatively related to stress consequences. Fear of COVID-19 partially mediated the link between family cohesion and stress consequences. Excessive affective empathy reported by participants served to aggravate the relation between fear of COVID-19 and stress consequences. The study helps us understand how internal and external factors affect individual mental health that provides meaningful implications for promoting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Zeng
- Center of Preschool Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Preschool Education, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Qiang Yang
- Center of Preschool Education, School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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COVID-19 and male reproductive system: pathogenic features and possible mechanisms. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:869-878. [PMID: 34232425 PMCID: PMC8260577 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiorgan dysfunction is the main characteristic of severe COVID-19 patients and the involvement of male reproductive system may occur among these patients. Although there is a limited evidence to confirm the orchitis and virus presence in the semen of patients, there are concerns about the transmission of virus through the semen. In addition, reduced fertility or infertility can be seen as consequences of severe COVID-19 in recovered subjects. In this study, we aimed to review articles related to COVID-19 and male reproductive system to find the possible underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in affecting male fertility. The following keywords of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, testis, orchitis, semen, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis, Hypothalamus, etc., were defined to find the related publications from standard search engines, e.g., PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google Scholar. According to studies, COVID-19 occurs in severe patients as respiratory disease, along with multi-organ failure. The most important mechanisms are classified as direct and indirect pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. The presence of ACE2 on the cell surface of various cells in testis increases the risk of direct infection by this virus. SARS-CoV-2 also affects the testis through the cytokine storm. In addition, the important role of HPT axis dysregulation through impaired Leydig cells and hypothalamus should be considered. Using antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy can be harmful for testis function. Further investigations are required to investigate potential mechanisms of male infertility in survivals of COVID-19. Since involvement of testis is essential for fertility, increasing the knowledge of health system may improve the outcomes.
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Mehrsafar AH, Moghadam Zadeh A, Jaenes Sánchez JC, Gazerani P. Competitive anxiety or Coronavirus anxiety? The psychophysiological responses of professional football players after returning to competition during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105269. [PMID: 34049198 PMCID: PMC8118697 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the relationship between competitive anxiety, fear/anxiety of COVID-19, and autonomic and endocrine stress responses in professional football players after returning to competition during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Ninety male professional football players (age: 26.33 ± 2.48 yr) volunteered to participate in this study, which included an official competition. Psychophysiological responses, including the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised, were collected 30 min before the competition. In addition, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and salivary cortisol (sCort) were collected at 8 a.m. and 15 min before the competition. RESULTS The main findings, based on the Pearson correlation, showed significant positive correlations between COVID-19 anxiety and somatic competitive anxiety (p = 0.01), cognitive competitive anxiety (p = 0.01), and competition response of sCort and sAA (p = 0.01). Moreover, fear of COVID-19 was positively correlated with COVID-19 anxiety (p = 0.01). On the contrary, the awakening response of sCort and sAA was not found to be correlated with psychological parameters (all p > 0.05). The analysis also indicated that there was no significant correlation between self-confidence with other psychological and physiological variables (all p > 0.05). The regression analysis showed that cognitive anxiety was a relevant predictor for the competition response of sCort and sAA (p < 0.05). Moreover, COVID-19 anxiety was the only predictor of somatic and cognitive anxiety (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first preliminary evidence that COVID-19 anxiety and competitive anxiety might pose a negative impact on the athletic performance of professional football players during COVID-19 pandemic competitions. Thus, research is needed to build a strategy to reduce the psychophysiological stress related to COVID-19 and competition response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossien Mehrsafar
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration (CISSC), Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Moghadam Zadeh
- Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration (CISSC), Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - José Carlos Jaenes Sánchez
- Department of Social Anthropology, Basic Psychology & Health, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain; Andalusian Center of Sport Medicine, Seville, Spain.
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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Demirtaş-Madran HA. Accepting Restrictions and Compliance With Recommended Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19: A Discussion Based on the Key Approaches and Current Research on Fear Appeals. Front Psychol 2021; 12:558437. [PMID: 34163389 PMCID: PMC8215168 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.558437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a novel coronavirus which was first detected in late December 2019 in the Wuhan Province of China. This novel coronavirus, caused by a zoonotic beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-), is described as highly infectious. The World Health Organization (WHO) named the novel coronavirus as COVID-19 on February 11, 2020, and declared it as a "pandemic." Almost all countries have undertaken wide-scale precautions so as to prevent or limit the spread of the virus, with most having practiced some form of "lockdown" along with "social distancing," as well as dispensed recommendations for proper hand washing, avoiding touching the face, wearing facemasks, and using disposable tissues when either coughing or sneezing. Whereas it is well known that slowing the spread of this new epidemic requires the cooperation of all citizens, some people still seem to willfully disregard the rules and guidelines, and thereby ignore the health risks posed to both themselves and to others they come into contact with. People have responded differently to lockdown rules and social distancing practices. Whilst the majority follow the rules and recommendations with great care, others are more lax or simply refuse to comply. These differences might be accounted for according to a number of factors including personal, social, cultural, mental, and economic variables. Being persuaded to comply with preventive rules, especially those concerned with health-related behaviors, also bring certain other factors into play. Fear is one of those factors, and is one of the most powerful. It is well known that fear-based appeals can be effective in inculcating health behaviors, with many theories having been developed in this area. However, both the content of the message (the level of the fear it contains) and certain personal variables can determine the persuasive power of the fear appeal. It can even have an adverse effect if not properly applied. Many theories have been developed to address the persuasive effectiveness of the fear appeal (e.g., fear-drive theory, protection-motivation theory), and this study aims to discuss these individual differences in precautionary and preventive measures for the COVID-19 pandemic within the framework of the basic assumptions of these theoretical approaches.
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