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Xie T, Jiang W, Liu X, Wang J. Network structure of adolescent social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties and their differential relationships with suicidality. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024; 29:281-291. [PMID: 38515241 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties (SEBDs) tend to develop during adolescence. Their presence and especially co-occurrence induce numerous disrupting consequences, including suicidality. A recently developed network analysis is suitable to investigate the symptom-level structure of comorbid psychopathology. Rather than pairwise comorbidity networks, the current study investigated a comprehensive network of SEBDs at the symptom level and explored the differential relationships between symptoms of SEBDs and suicidality. METHODS Recruited from four public schools in China, a sample of adolescents (N = 6974, mean age = 15.84, 50.1% boys) were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and one suicidality-related item. The cross-sectional network structure of the SEBD symptoms was investigated. The differential associations between individual symptoms of SEBDs and suicidality were also explored with a relative importance analysis. RESULTS The results showed that constantly fidgeting, worry a lot, unhappy, down-hearted, tearful, and easily scared emerged as the most central symptoms in the network of SEBDs. Worry a lot, constantly fidgeting, lose my temper, and being bullied served as bridge symptoms, connecting various domains of SEBDs. In addition, the centrality of symptoms was positively associated with the variance shared with suicidality, with worry a lot and unhappy, down-hearted, and tearful explaining a large portion of the variance of suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results were indicative of close connections among emotional, hyperactivity-inattention, peer, and conduct aspects of adolescent mental health difficulties, as well as the central role of emotional difficulties in the SEBDs network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyue Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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McKay S, Meza JI. Culturally contextualized suicide prevention for international students: new opportunities for research and practice. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1418185. [PMID: 39165758 PMCID: PMC11333360 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1418185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors among international students presents a significant public health challenge and growing concern among college campuses. Current intervention strategies often rely on Western-centric and colonized approaches developed and tested with primarily Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) samples. Exclusion and historical underrepresentation of ethnoracially minoritized groups in suicide prevention treatment trials create gaps in advancing our science because they often miss the cultural contextualization crucial for effective prevention and intervention in diverse groups from different countries of origin. To address the limitations of these Western-centric strategies, we explored existing prevention recommendations and approaches through the lens of an expanded version of the newly developed Protective Factors Framework, tailored for non-Western cultural perspectives. We propose significant opportunities for enhancing current practices and point to promising future directions. The primary areas for development include: (1) bolstering community empowerment and ownership, (2) refining mechanisms of change to encompass multicultural viewpoints, and (3) focusing on effective implementation and thorough evaluation for ongoing refinement. This methodology not only shows promise for enhancing international student suicide prevention but also offers insights for broader application in suicide prevention among other culturally diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel McKay
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jocelyn I. Meza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Toukhy N, Raviv B, Haruvi-Catalan L, Fennig S, Barzilay S. Ambivalent attitudes toward life and death and suicide ideation among adolescents-The mediating role of depression. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024. [PMID: 39031308 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambivalence in attitudes towards life and death are associated with suicide ideation (SI) among adolescents. However, previous research was mainly cross-sectional and did not examine through which psychopathological mechanisms (such as depression) attitudes towards life and death are associated with SI. OBJECTIVE The current longitudinal study examined the mediating role of depression at follow-up in the association between attitudes towards life and death at baseline and SI at follow-up among at-risk adolescents referred to an outpatient psychiatric clinic. METHODS 129 adolescents aged 10-18 years (75.2% females) with a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors were assessed at clinic intake and 1 month follow-up (80% retention rate at follow-up). All participants completed a questionnaire assessing attitudes towards life and death and SI severity at clinic intake, and depression and SI severity at 1 month follow-up. RESULTS While controlling for SI severity at intake, attraction towards life at baseline, rather than attraction and repulsion towards death at baseline, led to higher SI severity at follow-up, while depression at follow-up fully mediated this association. CONCLUSIONS Attitudes towards life, as well as depression play critical roles in the development of SI among adolescents. Interventions targeting reasons for living and promoting meaning of life may be beneficial in preventing depression and SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Toukhy
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - B Raviv
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - L Haruvi-Catalan
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - S Fennig
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Barzilay
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Sun C, Zhu Z, Zhang P, Wang L, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Guo L, Li Y, Wang P, Hu B, Liu M, Duan J, Wang Y, Wang Z, Qin Y. Exploring the interconnections of anxiety, depression, sleep problems and health-promoting lifestyles among Chinese university students: a comprehensive network approach. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1402680. [PMID: 39077626 PMCID: PMC11284064 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1402680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety, depression, and sleep problems are prevalent comorbid mental disorders among university students. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasized a mental health promotion objective, recommending the consideration of protective health-promoting factors in strategies aimed at preventing mental disorders. Integrating theoretically significant constructs (such as protective factors) enhances our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms that underpin mental disorders. This study employed network analysis to first identify core and bridge symptoms within comorbid mental disorders and then explore how health-promoting lifestyles (HPLs) were associated with these disorders. The ultimate goal is to offer health promotion recommendations to enhance students' quality of life. Methods A total of 3,896 qualified university students participated in this study. Anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and HPLs were assessed using the GAD-7, PHQ-9, PSQI, and HPLP-II scales. A Gaussian Graphical Model was used to construct the networks. The Network Comparison Test was applied to determine whether the associations between HPLs and comorbid symptoms vary by gender, educational level, family sibling, and mental health status. Results Low energy (PHQ4) had the highest strength centrality, followed by Daytime dysfunction (PSQI7) and Trouble relaxing (GAD4). Five bridge symptoms were identified: Daytime dysfunction (PSQI7), Self-harm even suicide (PHQ9), Sad mood (PHQ2), Low energy (PHQ4), and Feeling afraid (GAD7). Regarding protective HPLs, Physical activity, Spiritual growth, and Stress management generally emerged as the top three central mental health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion Targeting core and bridge symptoms with timely and appropriate interventions can alleviate anxiety, depression, and sleep problems in this population. Moreover, promoting physical activity, fostering spiritual growth, and managing stress are likely to significantly enhance the overall mental health of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Sun
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengqi Zhu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peijia Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lianke Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanli Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyi Duan
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Qin
- School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Martínez-Casanova E, Molero-Jurado MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC. Self-Esteem and Risk Behaviours in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:432. [PMID: 38920764 PMCID: PMC11201250 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is recognised as a notoriously vulnerable period in the human life cycle. Influenced by a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors, adolescents show a marked propensity to engage in risk behaviours. A systematic review was conducted of studies published in the Web of Science, PsycInfo and MEDLINE databases over the last decade, with the aim of collecting studies on the relationship between self-esteem and risk behaviour in individuals aged 12-18 years. The aim was to confirm the role of high self-esteem as a consistent protective factor against risk behaviour. The results show that self-esteem is negatively related to risk behaviour. Our results also reflect the need for further research on how sociodemographic factors, among others, affect the relationship between self-esteem and risk behaviours. This review highlights the relevance of implementing specific educational interventions to strengthen self-esteem in adolescents, with the aim of preventing various risk behaviours that may emerge during adolescence and persist throughout life if not addressed early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Casanova
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.)
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Yang C, Huebner ES, Tian L. Prediction of suicidal ideation among preadolescent children with machine learning models: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:403-409. [PMID: 38387673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Machine learning (ML) has been widely used to predict suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents and adults. Nevertheless, studies of accurate and efficient models of SI prediction with preadolescent children are still needed because SI is surprisingly prevalent during the transition into adolescence. This study aimed to explore the potential of ML models to predict SI among preadolescent children. METHODS A total of 4691 Chinese children (54.89 % boys, Mage = 10.92 at baseline) and their parents completed relevant measures at baseline and the children provided 6-month follow-up data for SI. The current study compared four ML models: Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), to predict SI and to identify variables with predictive value based on the best-performing model among Chinese preadolescent children. RESULTS The RF model achieved the highest discriminant performance with an AUC of 0.92, accuracy of 0.93 (balanced accuracy = 0.88). The factors of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, neuroticism, childhood maltreatment, and subjective well-being in school demonstrated the highest values in predicting SI. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested that ML models based on the observation and assessment of children's general characteristics and experiences in everyday life can serve as convenient screening and evaluation tools for suicide risk assessment among Chinese preadolescent children. The findings also provide insights for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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Daneshmand M, Kashefizadeh M, Soleimani M, Mirzaei S, Tayim N. Network analysis of depression, cognitive functions, and suicidal ideation in patients with diabetes: an epidemiological study in Iran. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:609-622. [PMID: 38366164 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts among Iranian patients diagnosed with Type-1 diabetes (T1D) and Type-2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, the study sought to estimate the network structure of depressive symptoms and cognitive functions. METHODS 1073 patients participated in the current study. We used Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Ask Suicide-Screening Questionnaire, diabetes-related factors, and a battery of cognitive functions tasks to estimate network structures. Also, suicidal ideations and suicide attempts prevalence have been estimated. Statistical analyses were performed using R-studio software, including mixed-graphical models (MGMs) for undirected effects and Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) for directed effects. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 29.97% in T1D and 26.81% in T2D (p < 0.05). The history of suicide attempts was higher in T1D (10.78%) compared to T2D (8.36%) (p < 0.01). In the MRF networks for T1D, suicidal ideation was directly linked to 'feeling guilt (PHQ.6)', 'Suicide (PHQ.9)', HbA1c, and FBS, while the Inhibition node was directly related to suicidal ideation. The DAGs suggested connections between 'depression', HbA1c, and 'inhibition' with suicidal ideation, along with a link between the current family history of suicide attempts and the patient's history of suicide attempts. For T2D, the MRF networks indicated direct links between suicidal ideation and 'anhedonia (PHQ.1)', 'suicide (PHQ.9)', age, being female, and BMI, with inhibition also being directly related to suicidal ideation. The DAGs revealed connections between 'depression', age, and 'inhibition' with suicidal ideation, as well as links between being female or single/divorced and the patient's history of suicide attempts. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that suicide ideation is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes, and these symptoms should be carefully monitored in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Daneshmand
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Rodhen Branch, Rudehen, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Soleimani
- Department of Psychology, Adiban Institute of Higher Education, Garmsar, Iran
| | | | - Natalie Tayim
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Doha, Qatar
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Moon DS, Chung US, Kwack YS, Kim BN, Kang NR. Analyzing Co-Occurrence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury With Suicidal Ideation and Related Factors Among Adolescents in Jeju Island. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:119-126. [PMID: 38601107 PMCID: PMC11001503 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.230054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior, including suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts, are important predictors of suicide in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the associations between NSSI, SI, NSSI+SI, mental health problems, and family factors in Korean adolescents in Jeju Island, with an emphasis on key findings. Methods A total of 561 adolescents completed self-report questionnaires regarding demographics, NSSI, SI, suicidal behavior, perceived family functioning, and mental health problems, which were assessed using Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, Screen for Children Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED), and Youth Self-Report (YSR). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, post-hoc analyses, and multivariate logistic regression. Results In this study, 22.3% of adolescents reported either NSSI or SI, with 5.5% reporting NSSI and 20.7% reporting SI. Combined (NSSI+SI) group showed a significantly higher SCARED score, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problem, and rule breaking on YSR than did the SI only group. Higher level of depression and anxiety were significantly associated with NSSI and SI. Female sex and perceived family dissatisfaction were significantly associated factors for SI, but not for NSSI in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion This study provides insights into the clinical characteristics and associated factors among adolescents with NSSI, SI, and NSSI+SI in Jeju Island. Identifying these results can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of these behaviors and contribute to a better understanding of the role of family in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Soo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Un-Sun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Children’s Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Sook Kwack
- Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Ri Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Wang H, Wang Z, Li X, Liu J. Characteristics and risk factors of Health-Related Risky behaviors in adolescents with Depression. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:34. [PMID: 38500185 PMCID: PMC10949750 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGOUND To explore the characteristics and risk factors for health-related risky behaviours (HRRBs) in adolescents with depression. METHODS A total of 136 adolescents aged 12-18 years who met the diagnostic criteria for depression, and 272 healthy controls. All the subjects were assessed with the Adolescent Health-Related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI), and the AHRBI scores of the two groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. The depression group was assessed with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES II-CV). Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the risk factors for HRRBs in adolescents with depression. RESULTS The AHRBI total score and five-factor scores of self-injury and suicide (SS), aggression and violence (AV), rule-breaking (RB), smoking and drinking (SD), and health-compromising behavior (HCB) in the depression group were higher than those in the control group. The severity of anxiety, catastrophizing, cognitive emotional regulation strategy (self-blame and blaming of others), the frequency of depression, physical neglect, and sexual abuse all increased the risk of HRRBs in adolescents with depression, and paternal emotional warmth and understanding had protective effects. CONCLUSION First, depressed adolescents exhibited significantly more HRRBs than healthy adolescents. Second, there are many risk factors for HRRBs in adolescents with depression, and the risk factors for different types of HRRBs are also different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Bejing Huilongguan Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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Grygiel P, Dolata R, Humenny G, Muszyński M. Depressive symptoms and loneliness among early adolescents: a psychometric network analysis approach. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:199-214. [PMID: 37550521 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrate a high prevalence of depression and loneliness among adolescents. Although they often co-occur, the relationship between symptoms of depression and loneliness remains poorly understood. This study investigates: (a) the symptoms of depression that are connected to loneliness; (b) the role played by loneliness in the network of depression symptoms; and (c) whether the method used to measure loneliness (single-item direct or multi-item indirect) affects the relationship of loneliness with depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants were 496 Polish adolescents (50.8% girls) aged 11 to 13, who completed: (a) the 10-item Major Depressive Disorder subscale of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale; (b) the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (indirect loneliness), and (c) a single direct question evaluating loneliness: 'I'm lonely'. Networks were estimated using a Gaussian Graphical Model. RESULTS Loneliness shows a direct relationship with three affective symptoms of depression: sadness, worthlessness, and anhedonia, which mediate relationships with somatic symptoms. In contrast to previous studies, loneliness has the lowest level of centrality among all elements of the network. The method used to assess loneliness did not significantly affect the connections between loneliness and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and depression overlap since they are formed by the same cognitive biases and deficits in emotion regulation but differ in the level of generality. In loneliness, they have an interpersonal context, while symptoms of depression can be intrapersonal. This helps us to understand why cognitive interventions, as compared to those which are social, are more effective in reducing loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marek Muszyński
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Caro-Cañizares I, Sánchez-Colorado N, Baca-García E, Carballo JJ. Perceived Stressful Life Events and Suicide Risk in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Perceived Family Functioning. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38247687 PMCID: PMC10813563 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Suicidal behavior is a serious public health problem and a major cause of death among adolescents. Three categories of major risk factors have been identified: psychological factors, stressful life events, and personality traits. Severe and objective stressful life events (SLEs), such as childhood mistreatment or abuse, have been clearly associated with higher rates of suicide risk. However, the relationship between suicide risk and adolescents' perceptions of the SLE impact is not as clear. This paper studies the relationship between SLE impact perception and suicide risk and the possible mediating role of perceived family functioning in this relationship. The need for longer-term or more intense psychological or psychiatric treatment in relation to SLE impact perception is also addressed. METHOD One hundred forty-seven adolescents aged 11-17 were consecutively recruited from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Services Department of a general hospital in Madrid, Spain. Self-informed questionnaires were used to assess suicide risk, SLEs, and family functioning. In addition, the clinical records of the participants were consulted to collect information about their treatment histories, including the number of appointments and the duration of follow-up. RESULTS SLE impact perception correlates significantly with suicide risk, the number of clinical appointments, the duration of treatment, and the perceived level of family functioning. The mediation model of the family functioning perception variable in the relationship between SLE impact perception and suicide risk is significant. The linear regression model of SLE impact perception and family functioning perception on suicide risk is also significant, accounting for 25.7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Beyond the clear and proven effect of serious and objective SLEs, the perceived impact of SLEs reported by adolescents is related to an increased risk of suicide and more intense psychological and/or psychiatric follow-up. This relationship is mediated by the perceived level of family functioning. Adolescents' perceptions of their life experiences and perceived family support may be key determinants of suicide risk prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caro-Cañizares
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Educational Sciences, UDIMA (Universidad a Distancia de Madrid), 28400 Collado Villalba, Spain
| | - Nuria Sánchez-Colorado
- Department of Psychology, School of Health and Educational Sciences, UDIMA (Universidad a Distancia de Madrid), 28400 Collado Villalba, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, 28342 Valdemoro, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario General de Villalba, 28400 Collado Villalba, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3605, Chile
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Salud Mental), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Carballo
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Salud Mental), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
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Yazıcı Çelebi G, Kaya F. The Association Between Personal, Affective, and Cognitive Factors and Suicide Risk Among Muslims in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3780-3800. [PMID: 37946028 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the association of various personal, affective, and cognitive factors with suicide risk. The study group consisted of a total of 423 individuals, including 341 (74%) females and 82 (26%) males, who lived in Turkey and declared that they were Muslims. The data of the study, in which a cross-sectional design was employed, were collected between October and December 2022. The mean age of the participants was 26.84 years (SD = 9.88, min-max = 18-64). The data collection measures included the Psychological Distress Scale, the Perception of God Scale, the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale, the Suicide Probability Scale, and a personal information form. Pearson correlation analysis and Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression analysis were employed in the analysis of the data obtained from the research. In the study, it was found that gender, age, suicide attempt, communication with the mother, communication with the father, psychological distress, self-esteem, and perception of God explained 58% of the variance in suicide risk. Psychological distress had the strongest positive association with suicide risk (β = 0.136, p < 0.001), while self-esteem had the strongest negative relation (β = - 0.454, p < 0.001). In conclusion, it was determined that the female gender, suicide attempt, and psychological distress increased the risk of suicide, but that age, positive communication with parents, self-esteem, and positive perception of God decreased it. The findings of the research were discussed in light of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Yazıcı Çelebi
- Faculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Gumushane University, 29000, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Feridun Kaya
- Faculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Atatürk University, 25000, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Morales Viana LC, Castillo-Espitia E. Taking care of myself in a different and broken world: self-care practices of adolescents on dialysis. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2171562. [PMID: 36722818 PMCID: PMC9897745 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2171562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Being on dialysis is a traumatic situation particularly during adolescence. Therefore, adolescents must have self-care support according to their special needs. The goal of this study was to describe the adolescents´ self-care practices when they are on dialysis. This paper reports only the adolescents´ selfcare practices based on the health care team guidelines but adjusted to their beliefs and habits. METHODS The methodology of the study was interpretive phenomenology. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 adolescents; Smith´s IPA procedure was used for data analysis. RESULTS Being on dialysis meant to the adolescents living in a different and broken world. Self-care practices included: 1) coexisting with the dialysis slavery or being attached to a machine day or night, 2) struggling with the maddening thirst experience, 3) Deciding what, when and how much food to eat, 4) taking care of an alien that helps to survive, 5) taking the medicines when feeling in need of them. CONCLUSION The adolescents tried to care for themselves adjusting their care activities to the health team´s recommendations. However, they also adjusted those practices to their beliefs and habits, which allows them to live with dialysis in a less traumatic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Cristina Morales Viana
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia,CONTACT Liliana Cristina Morales Viana Department of Pediatric Nursing, Universidad del Valle, Cali760032, Colombia
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Branjerdporn G, Erlich F, Ponraj K, McCosker LK, Woerwag-Mehta S. What Is Helpful and What Is Challenging for the Caregivers of Young People Receiving Interventions to Prevent Suicide? Caregivers' Perspectives-A Rapid Scoping Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1801. [PMID: 38002892 PMCID: PMC10670828 DOI: 10.3390/children10111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people. Preventing suicide in young people is a priority. Caregivers play a vital role in ensuring interventions for young people experiencing suicide ideation and/or attempts are implemented, and that they are maintained over time. Despite this, little is known about what caregivers find helpful and challenging in relation to suicide prevention interventions. This rapid scoping review is the first to address this gap. (2) Methods: Searches were completed on six electronic databases using keywords relating to 'suicide prevention, 'young people', and 'caregivers'. Ten studies-using both qualitative and quantitative methods, and involving >1400 carers from the United States and Europe-were selected for inclusion. (3) Results: The review shows that caregivers value interventions that are delivered by non-judgmental clinicians, that are suitable to the particular needs of their child, that are available when needed, and that support their confidence and communication. Caregivers experience difficulties with interventions that require their attendance at specific times, and that fail to recognize and/or address their own mental health needs. (4) Conclusions: The findings can be used to inform and improve the intervention design, with the aim of improving outcomes for caregivers and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Branjerdporn
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Ferrell Erlich
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Karthikeyan Ponraj
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
| | - Laura K. McCosker
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sabine Woerwag-Mehta
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (L.K.M.); (S.W.-M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia; (F.E.); (K.P.)
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Gossage LE, Narayanan A, Dipnall JF, Berk M, Sumich A, Haslbeck JMB, Iusitini L, Wrapson W, Tautolo ES, Siegert R. Understanding suicidality in Pacific adolescents in New Zealand using network analysis. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:826-842. [PMID: 37571910 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pacific adolescents in New Zealand (NZ) are three to four times more likely than NZ European adolescents to report suicide attempts and have higher rates of suicidal plans. Suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, termed suicidality in this study, result from a complex dynamic interplay of factors, which emerging methodologies like network analysis aim to capture. METHODS This study used cross-sectional network analysis to model the relationships between suicidality, self-harm, and individual depression symptoms, whilst conditioning on a multi-dimensional set of variables relevant to suicidality. A series of network models were fitted to data from a community sample of New Zealand-born Pacific adolescents (n = 550; 51% male; Mean age (SD) = 17 (0.35)). RESULTS Self-harm and the depression symptom measuring pessimism had the strongest associations with suicidality, followed by symptoms related to having a negative self-image about looks and sadness. Nonsymptom risk factors for self-harm and suicidality differed markedly. CONCLUSIONS Depression symptoms varied widely in terms of their contribution to suicidality, highlighting the valuable information gained from analysing depression at the symptom-item level. Reducing the sources of pessimism and building self-esteem presented as potential targets for alleviating suicidality amongst Pacific adolescents in New Zealand. Suicide prevention strategies need to include risk factors for self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Gossage
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ajit Narayanan
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna F Dipnall
- Clinical Registries, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Sumich
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonas M B Haslbeck
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leon Iusitini
- New Zealand Work Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wendy Wrapson
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - El-Shadan Tautolo
- AUT Pacific Health Research Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Siegert
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wordefo DK, Kassim FM, Birhanu E, Mamo G. Suicidal behaviors and associated factors among patients attending an emergency department: a facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:462. [PMID: 37357261 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency departments (ED) are an important site for screening patients with suicidal behaviors. However, there is insufficient data in low-and middle-income countries regarding the magnitude of suicidal attempts among patients attending EDs. Therefore, the present study aimed to screen suicidal behavior and factors associated with suicide in patients attending an ED of Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency and Trauma Hospital, Ethiopia. METHOD A facility-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2018. A total of 398 participants were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. The collected data collected includes structured questionnaires containing sociodemographic determinants, chronic medical illness conditions, substance use characteristics, social support level, common mental disorders (CMD) screening, suicidal behaviors assessment and suicidal attempts reason and method. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal behavior and suicidal attempts were 8% and 6.3%, respectively. Suicide was attempted most frequently in the 18-24 age group. There was no overall difference in sex distribution for suicidal attempts. However, there were sex-based differences when the age group was taken into consideration. The commonest underlying reason for the attempt was social reasons (44%), while the most frequently reported attempt method was hanging (36%). No single factor was found to be significantly associated with the suicidal attempt. CONCLUSION Although suicidal behaviors are more common in patients attending the ED than in the general population, these facts have previously got little attention in patient attending EDs in low and middle income countries. The present findings support the need for a more detailed assessment of suicidal behaviours in patients attending ED and in patients with CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dureti Kassim Wordefo
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Faiz Mohammed Kassim
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Elizabeth Birhanu
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Mamo
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Chen M, Zhou Y, Luo D, Yan S, Liu M, Wang M, Li X, Yang BX, Li Y, Liu LZ. Association of family function and suicide risk in teenagers with a history of self-harm behaviors: mediating role of subjective wellbeing and depression. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1164999. [PMID: 37333539 PMCID: PMC10272344 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1164999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A history of self-harm behaviors is closely associated with subsequent suicide death. Although many factors associated with suicide have been identified, it remains unclear how these factors interact to influence suicide risk, especially among teenagers with a history of self-harm behaviors. Methods Data were collected from 913 teenagers with a history of self-harm behaviors through a cross-sectional study. The Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve index was used to assess teenagers' family function. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to evaluate depression and anxiety in teenagers and their parents, respectively. The Delighted Terrible Faces Scale was used to assess teenagers' perception of subjective wellbeing. The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised was used to evaluate teenagers' suicide risk. Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, multivariate linear regression, Pearson's correlation, and a structural equation model (SEM) were applied to data analysis. Results Overall, 78.6% of teenagers with a history of self-harm behaviors were at risk for possible suicide. Female gender, severity of teenagers' depression, family function, and subjective wellbeing were significantly associated with suicide risk. The results of SEM suggested that there was a significant chain mediation effect of subjective wellbeing and depression between family function and suicide risk. Conclusion Family function was closely associated with suicide risk in teenagers with a history of self-harm behaviors, and depression and subjective wellbeing were sequential mediators in the association between family function and suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Center for Wise Information Technology of Mental Health Nursing Research, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Xiang Yang
- Center for Wise Information Technology of Mental Health Nursing Research, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Zhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Haasz M, Myers MG, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Zimmerman MA, Seewald L, Sokol RL, Cunningham RM, Carter PM. Firearms Availability Among High-School Age Youth With Recent Depression or Suicidality. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022059532. [PMID: 37212021 PMCID: PMC10233739 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-059532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Limiting firearm access is essential to decreasing teen suicide. Previous efforts have focused on household firearms; however, less is known about firearm access and possession among teens at increased suicide risk. Our objective was to estimate prevalence of firearm possession and access among high school-aged teens with recent depression and/or lifetime history of suicidality (DLHS). METHODS We conducted a probability-based, cross-sectional Web survey of 1914 parent-teen dyads between June 24, 2020, and July 22, 2020, with data weighted to generate a nationally representative sample of US teenagers (aged 14-18). Logistic regression analyses examined the difference between teens with and without DLHS for: (1) personal firearm possession, (2) perceived firearm access, and (3) method of firearm attainment. RESULTS Among high school-aged teens, 22.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.4-25.8) reported DLHS, 11.5% (95% CI, 8.7-14.3) reported personal firearm possession, and 44.2% (95% CI, 40.2-48.2) endorsed firearm access. Teens experiencing DLHS had increased perceived access (adjusted odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07-2.28) compared with non-DLHS peers. There was no association between DLHS and personal firearm possession (adjusted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.47-2.00). Among teens reporting firearm possession, those with DLHS were more likely to have acquired it by buying/trading for it (odds ratio, 5.66; 95% CI, 1.17-27.37) and less likely receiving it as a gift (odds ratio, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.36). CONCLUSIONS High school-aged teens experiencing DLHS have higher perceived firearm access compared with lower-risk peers. Providers should speak directly to high school-aged teens at increased suicide risk about firearm access, in addition to counseling parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Haasz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens (FACTS) Consortium, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew G. Myers
- University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, School of Medicine
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens (FACTS) Consortium, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, School of Medicine
- Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health
- Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention
| | - Laura Seewald
- Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens (FACTS) Consortium, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, School of Medicine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Rebeccah L. Sokol
- Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rebecca M. Cunningham
- Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens (FACTS) Consortium, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Patrick M. Carter
- Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens (FACTS) Consortium, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center, School of Medicine
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health
- Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
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White JH, Harrison J, Fleming R. Clinical Supervision, Workplace Culture, and Therapeutic Engagements with Youth at Risk for Suicide. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2023.2179560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. White
- School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Harrison
- School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Reg Fleming
- South Island Discovery Youth & Family Substance Use Services, Island Health
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Predictive Factors of Suicidal Ideation in Spanish University Students: A Health, Preventive, Social, and Cultural Approach. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031207. [PMID: 36769853 PMCID: PMC9918125 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide, as the ultimate expression of suicidal ideation, has accompanied human beings throughout history within specific social and cultural contexts. However, in recent decades the increase in suicides, especially in developed countries after the Second Demographic Transition and the rise of postmaterialist values, has been increasing in the youth population. This study is created from a quantitative perspective and aims to determine the predictors of suicidal ideation in university students in Spain. The fieldwork was carried out in a large sample of Spanish universities over several weeks in 2022, with the participation of hundreds of university students (n = 1472). The predictors of suicidal ideation were gender, types of social relationships, history of bullying, health status, taking antidepressant medication, increased anxiety after COVID-19, economic difficulties in continuing studies, and perspective on their future. The results highlight the need for the greater involvement of universities by establishing programs for preventing, detecting, and treating suicidal ideation, always in coordination with health systems to prevent further suicides in their university community.
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A Longitudinal Network Analysis of the Interactions of Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Potential in Early Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:306-318. [PMID: 36334177 PMCID: PMC9638433 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have applied the "ideation-to-action" theories and the buffering hypothesis of resilience to suicide in early adolescents, and existing research is primarily cross-sectional. This study examined the interactions between risk factors (i.e., thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and hopelessness), protective factors (i.e., resilience, self-efficacy, and subjective happiness), and suicidal potential (i.e., family distress, anxious-impulsive depression, and suicidal ideation or acts) in early adolescents. The participants (N = 1615; 55.6% females; M age = 10.93, SD age = 1.14, range: 9-15) who were recruited from four primary and four secondary schools in Hong Kong completed the survey in 2020 and 2021. The contemporaneous networks suggested that perceived burdensomeness and hopelessness were positively associated with suicidal potential. Protective factors were negatively associated with risk factors studied and suicidal potential. The node with the greatest centrality strength was anxious-impulsive depression. The nodes most likely to connect with other constructs were self-efficacy and hopelessness. A temporal network suggested the predictive effect of hopelessness and the protective effect of subjective happiness on future suicidal ideation or acts. Moreover, self-efficacy was found to buffer the impact of hopelessness on future suicidal ideation or acts. These findings highlighted the contribution of hopelessness to suicidal potential among early adolescents and the buffering effects of subjective happiness and self-efficacy.
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Çavdar Toraman M, Sarigedik E, Özçetin A. Evaluation of Psychological Resilience, Alexithymia, and Impulsivity Characteristics in Persons Who Attempted Suicide with Drugs. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221142092. [PMID: 36441644 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221142092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, it was aimed to research the connection between psychological resilience, alexithymia, depression, anxiety and impulsivity in patients who attempted suicide with drugs. METHODS The patient group (n = 66) who attempted suicide with drugs and the control group (n = 66) without any psychiatric diagnosis were examined in the study. Sociodemographic data form, Psychological Resilience Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) were used in the study. RESULTS It was found that PRS dedication and challenge are significantly higher in the control group (p = .039 and p = .003, respectively). When the undiagnosed group who attempted suicide were compared with the control group, it was observed that there is a significant difference between BIS-11 total and TAS total after bonferonni correction (respectively; p = .002; p = .001), while, there is no statistically significant difference in terms of PRS total score (p = .483). CONCLUSION It was observed that patients who attempted suicide with drugs had low levels of psychological resilience, high alexithymia levels. In the absence of an additional diagnosis of depression, psychological resilience did not differ in terms of suicide attempts. In the suicide group, those who did not receive any additional diagnosis were not more impulsive than those who were depressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enes Sarigedik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Adnan Özçetin
- Department of Psychiatry, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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Protective Factors against Self-Harm and Suicidality among Australian Indigenous Adolescents: A Strengths-Based Analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159131. [PMID: 35897497 PMCID: PMC9330702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: Understanding and encouraging social and emotional well-being (SEWB) among Indigenous adolescents is vital in countering the impacts of colonisation and intergenerational trauma. As self-harm and suicidality are considered markers of poor SEWB among Indigenous communities, we aimed to identify the individual-level and community-level factors protecting Indigenous adolescents from self-harm and suicidality. Methods: Data came from Footprints in Time—The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (waves 10 and 11), conducted among Indigenous families across Australia. A strengths-based analysis fitted multilevel logistic regression to explore associations with factors proposed as protective against self-reported self-harm and suicidality among Indigenous adolescents. Results: Our study cohort included 365 adolescents with complete data for the variables of interest. Adolescents had a mean (SD) age of 14.04 (0.45) years and a sex ratio of almost 1:1, and most were attending school (96.2%). Previous self-harm was reported by 8.2% (n = 30); previous suicidality was reported by 4.1% (n = 15). Individual-level factors protecting against self-harm and suicidality were being male, living in a cohesive family, and having low total Strengths and Difficulty Questionnaire scores (p < 0.05 for all). Residing in major cities compared with regional/remote areas was protective against self-harm (OR 5.94, 95% CI 1.31−26.81). Strong cultural identity was not found to be a protective factor against self-harm and/or suicidality in the sample. Conclusions: This study identified key individual- and community-level factors that can protect Australian Indigenous adolescents against self-harm and suicidality, particularly family cohesion. Identifying strengths for this at-risk population can inform prevention strategies, particularly for rural living adolescents with high distress.
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Soja Santos LM, Wesner AC, Algeri S, Zarth SM. Knowledge of teachers about suicidal behavior in adolescents. INVESTIGACION Y EDUCACION EN ENFERMERIA 2022; 40:e11. [PMID: 36264699 PMCID: PMC9714978 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v40n2e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the knowledge of teachers about suicidal behavior in adolescents. METHODS Qualitative exploratory-descriptive study conducted in a state school in the municipality of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Twelve teachers participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews analyzed using Bardin's Content Analysis. RESULTS Three categories were built: "Warning signs of suicide", related to the signs identified by the professionals; "Risk factors for suicide", which indicate the reasons that may lead adolescents to present this type of behavior; and "Difficulties in dealing with the behaviors", referring to the behaviors adopted by adolescents and the difficulties of teachers before the theme. CONCLUSIONS It was possible to identify that teachers recognize some signs of suicidal behavior, as well as some risk factors. Nonetheless, it is necessary to qualify them to approach the subject, since they feel insecure to act in more critical moments, thus generating mainly feelings of sadness, guilt and powerlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Cristina Wesner
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil),
| | - Simone Algeri
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil),
| | - Silvana Maria Zarth
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil),
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