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Mishra S, Kapoor R, Sushma, Kanchan S, Jha G, Sharma D, Tomar B, Rath SK. Deoxynivalenol Induces Drp-1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Elevating Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38875017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is often linked to neurotoxicity and neurological diseases and stems from oxidative stress, yet effective therapies are lacking. Deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) is one of the most common and hazardous type-B trichothecene mycotoxins, which contaminates crops used for food and animal feed. Despite the abundance of preliminary reports, comprehensive investigations are scarce to explore the relationship between these fungal metabolites and neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to elucidate the precise role of DON in mitochondrial dynamics and cell death in neuronal cells. Excessive mitochondrial fission is associated with the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Human SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of DON (250-1000 ng/mL). Post 24 and 48 h DON treatment, the indexes were measured as follows: generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium levels, and cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that cytotoxicity, intracellular calcium levels, and ROS in the DON-treated group increased, while the ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in a dose-dependent manner. With increasing DON concentrations, the expression levels of P-Drp-1, mitochondrial fission proteins Mff, and Fis-1 were elevated with reduced activities of MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1, further resulting in an increased expression of autophagic marker LC3 and beclin-1. The reciprocal relationship between mitochondrial damage and ROS generation is evident as ROS can instigate structural and functional deficiencies within the mitochondria. Consequently, the impaired mitochondria facilitate the release of ROS, thereby intensifying the cycle of damage and exacerbating the overall process. Using specific hydroxyl, superoxide inhibitors, and calcium chelators, our study confirmed that ROS and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways played essential roles in DON-induced Drp1 phosphorylation. Therefore, ROS and mitochondrial fission inhibitors could provide critical research tools for drug development in mycotoxin-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Mishra
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Kapoor
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushma
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonam Kanchan
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Jha
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divyansh Sharma
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Tomar
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sadiq MT, Yousaf A, Siuly S, Almogren A. Fast Fractional Fourier Transform-Aided Novel Graphical Approach for EEG Alcoholism Detection. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:464. [PMID: 38790331 PMCID: PMC11117540 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Given its detrimental effect on the brain, alcoholism is a severe disorder that can produce a variety of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral issues. Alcoholism is typically diagnosed using the CAGE assessment approach, which has drawbacks such as being lengthy, prone to mistakes, and biased. To overcome these issues, this paper introduces a novel paradigm for identifying alcoholism by employing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The proposed framework is divided into various steps. To begin, interference and artifacts in the EEG data are removed using a multiscale principal component analysis procedure. This cleaning procedure contributes to information quality improvement. Second, an innovative graphical technique based on fast fractional Fourier transform coefficients is devised to visualize the chaotic character and complexities of the EEG signals. This elucidates the properties of regular and alcoholic EEG signals. Third, thirty-four graphical features are extracted to interpret the EEG signals' haphazard behavior and differentiate between regular and alcoholic trends. Fourth, we propose an ensembled feature selection method for obtaining an effective and reliable feature group. Following that, we study many neural network classifiers to choose the optimal classifier for building an efficient framework. The experimental findings show that the suggested method obtains the best classification performance by employing a recurrent neural network (RNN), with 97.5% accuracy, 96.7% sensitivity, and 98.3% specificity for the sixteen selected features. The proposed framework can aid physicians, businesses, and product designers to develop a real-time system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Sadiq
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester Campus, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK;
| | - Adnan Yousaf
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Superior University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Siuly Siuly
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia
| | - Ahmad Almogren
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi Arabia;
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Huang R, Xiao L, Zhu J, Cheng J, Torrie J, McHugh NGL, Auger N, Luo ZC. Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074518. [PMID: 38040430 PMCID: PMC10693854 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes in pregnancy, whether pre-gestational (chronic) or gestational (de novo hyperglycaemia), increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. It is unclear whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of postnatal morbidity in infants. Cree First Nations in Quebec are at high risk for diabetes in pregnancy. We assessed whether pre-gestational or gestational diabetes may increase infant hospitalisation (an infant morbidity indicator) incidence, and whether this may be related to more frequent infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations in Quebec. DESIGN Population-based birth cohort study through administrative health data linkage. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Singleton infants (≤1 year) born to mothers in Cree (n=5070), other First Nations (9910) and non-Indigenous (48 200) communities in rural Quebec. RESULTS Both diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisation rates were much higher comparing Cree (23.7% and 29.0%) and other First Nations (12.4% and 34.1%) to non-Indigenous (5.9% and 15.5%) communities. Compared with non-diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes was associated with an increased risk of any infant hospitalisation to a greater extent in Cree and other First Nations (relative risk (RR) 1.56 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.91)) than non-Indigenous (RR 1.26 (1.15 to 1.39)) communities. Pre-gestational diabetes was associated with increased risks of infant hospitalisation due to diseases of multiple systems in all communities. There were no significant associations between gestational diabetes and risks of infant hospitalisation in all communities. The population attributable risk fraction of infant hospitalisations (overall) for pre-gestational diabetes was 6.2% in Cree, 1.6% in other First Nations and 0.3% in non-Indigenous communities. CONCLUSIONS The study is the first to demonstrate that pre-gestational diabetes increases the risk of infant hospitalisation overall and due to diseases of multiple systems, but gestational diabetes does not. High prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes may partly account for the excess infant hospitalisations in Cree and other First Nations communities in Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Population Health Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Luna School of Public Health, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lin Xiao
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jane Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Torrie
- Public-Health Department, Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay, Mistissini, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh
- First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Service Commission, Wendake, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Auger
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zhong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Prosserman Population Health Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Luna School of Public Health, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Fitzpatrick L, Mortimore G. Alcohol-related dementia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2023; 32:972-977. [PMID: 37938997 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.20.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is one of the leading causes of death both in the UK and worldwide. Approximately 1 million people have been diagnosed with this condition in the UK. Although there are many types of dementia, this article will focus on alcohol-related dementia. Alcohol has become a leading cause of death in the 50-69-year age group in England, and with consumption rising rapidly, there is an increased risk that young and middle-aged people will develop alcohol-related dementia in the future. The aim of this article is to review the evidence base and discuss whether alcohol-related dementia is a sub-class of dementia or a separate entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Fitzpatrick
- Advanced Clinical Practitioner, Older People's Acute Mental Health Inpatient Services, Derbyshire Healthcare Foundation NHS Trust
| | - Gerri Mortimore
- Associate Professor, Department of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby
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Müller CP, Schumann G, Rehm J, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Self-management with alcohol over lifespan: psychological mechanisms, neurobiological underpinnings, and risk assessment. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2683-2696. [PMID: 37117460 PMCID: PMC10615763 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Self-management includes all behavioural measures and cognitive activities aimed at coping with challenges arising throughout the lifespan. While virtually all of these challenges can be met without pharmacological means, alcohol consumption has long been instrumentalized as a supporting tool to help coping with problems arising selectively at adolescence, adulthood, and ageing. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first systematic review of alcohol instrumentalization throughout lifespan. We searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PsycINFO and CINAHL (from Jan, 1990, to Dec, 2022) and analysed consumption patterns, goals and potential neurobiological mechanisms. Evidence shows a regular non-addictive use of alcohol to self-manage developmental issues during adolescence, adulthood, and ageing. Alcohol is selectively used to overcome problems arising from dysfunctional personality traits, which manifest in adolescence. A large range of psychiatric disorders gives rise to alcohol use for the self-management of distinct symptoms starting mainly in adulthood. We identify those neuropharmacological effects of alcohol that selectively serve self-management under specific conditions. Finally, we discuss the adverse effects and associated risks that arise from the use of alcohol for self-management. Even well-controlled alcohol use adversely impacts health. Based on these findings, we suggest the implementation of an entirely new view. Health policy action may actively embrace both sides of the phenomenon through a personalized informed use that allows for harm-controlled self-management with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Gunter Schumann
- The Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PONS Centre, Charite Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, CCM, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Chandrashekar DV, Steinberg RA, Han D, Sumbria RK. Alcohol as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease-Evidence from Experimental Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9492. [PMID: 37298443 PMCID: PMC10253673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment and memory loss. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy alcohol consumption aggravates AD pathology, whereas low alcohol intake may be protective. However, these observations have been inconsistent, and because of methodological discrepancies, the findings remain controversial. Alcohol-feeding studies in AD mice support the notion that high alcohol intake promotes AD, while also hinting that low alcohol doses may be protective against AD. Chronic alcohol feeding to AD mice that delivers alcohol doses sufficient to cause liver injury largely promotes and accelerates AD pathology. The mechanisms by which alcohol can modulate cerebral AD pathology include Toll-like receptors, protein kinase-B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein phosphorylation pathway, glycogen synthase kinase 3-β, cyclin-dependent kinase-5, insulin-like growth factor type-1 receptor, modulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) synthesis and clearance, microglial mediated, and brain endothelial alterations. Besides these brain-centric pathways, alcohol-mediated liver injury may significantly affect brain Aβ levels through alterations in the peripheral-to-central Aβ homeostasis. This article reviews published experimental studies (cell culture and AD rodent models) to summarize the scientific evidence and probable mechanisms (both cerebral and hepatic) by which alcohol promotes or protects against AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj V. Chandrashekar
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Ross A. Steinberg
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (R.A.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Derick Han
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (R.A.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Rachita K. Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Reimann H, Zimmermann B, Eckert E, Lassek E. Risk assessment of low-dose ethanol in food. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113633. [PMID: 36724847 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A high variety of food contains low doses of ethanol which are sometimes difficult to identify by consumers (adults or children). However, even low doses of ethanol intake raises several toxicological concerns. In the present study, an enzymatic assay and an HS-GC/MS procedure were applied to determine the ethanol levels of 1260 samples from different food categories covering "nonalcoholic" beer, fruit juices/drinks, baked goods, bananas and baby foods. Based on these results, ethanol levels resulting from acute or chronic ethanol intake was calculated using consumption data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. Thus, health-based guidance values (HBGV) for ethanol intake were derived for acute or chronic exposure based on the available literature. For acute exposure, very few samples resulted in concerning ethanol uptake levels but following chronic exposure the here derived HBGV level was exceeded in several cases. This is mainly due to the following reasons: (1) certain amounts of ethanol are still tolerated in "nonalcoholic" beer and (2) presence of endogenous produced ethanol in bananas or baked goods via fermentation. Most analysed food samples, however, do not result in elevated ethanol doses linked with a potentially high risk following acute and chronic consumption by adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Reimann
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Zimmermann
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eckert
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Lassek
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Akbari E, Hossaini D, Amiry GY, Ansari M, Haidary M, Beheshti F, Ahmadi-Soleimani SM. Vitamin B12 administration prevents ethanol-induced learning and memory impairment through re-establishment of the brain oxidant/antioxidant balance, enhancement of BDNF and suppression of GFAP. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114156. [PMID: 36243244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There are growing evidence indicating that the adolescent brain is persistently affected by the use of psychostimulant agents. In this regard, alcohol drinking has become rather common among the adolescents in many societies during the last decade. It is currently well known that long-term ethanol exposure deteriorates various cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Mechanistically, these adverse effects have been shown to be mediated by oxidative damage to central nervous system. On the other hand, Vit-B12 is known to improve cognitive performance by suppression of oxidative parameters. Thus, in the present study we aimed to test whether treatment by Vit-B12 could prevent ethanol-induced complications in mice using behavioral and biochemical methods. Different groups of male Syrian mice received ethanol, ethanol+Vit-B12, Vit-B12 alone, or saline during adolescence and then learning and memory functions were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and Passive Avoidance (PA) tests. Finally, mice were sacrificed for measurement of biochemical factors. Results indicated that, adolescent ethanol intake impairs learning and memory function through exacerbation of oxidative stress and Vit-B12 treatment improves these complications by re-establishment of oxidant/anti-oxidant balance in CNS. Moreover, we found that Vit-B12 prevents ethanol-induced reduction of BDNF and enhancement of GFAP and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In conclusion, it seems that Vit-B12 supplementation could be used as an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent learning and memory defects induced by chronic alcohol intake during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Dawood Hossaini
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ghulam Yahya Amiry
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ansari
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Murtaza Haidary
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat, Heydariyeh, Iran.
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Ajayi AM, Melete J, Ben-Azu B, Umukoro S. Aggressive-like behaviour and neurocognitive impairment in alcohol herbal mixture-fed mice are associated with increased neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23252. [PMID: 36281499 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced aggression and related violence is a serious and common social problem globally. Alcohol use is increasingly found in the form of alcoholic herbal mixtures (AHM) with indiscriminate and unregulated alcohol content. This study investigated the effects of AHM on aggressive-like, neurocognitive impairment and brain biochemical alteration in mice. Thirty-two male resident mice were paired housed with female mice for 21 days in four groups (n = 8). Resident mice were treated orally with normal saline, AHM, ethanol and AHM + ethanol daily for 14 days. Aggressive-like behaviour was scored based on the latency and frequency of attacks by the resident mouse on the intruder. Neurocognitive impairment was determined using the Y-maze test (YMT) and novel object recognition test (NORT). Acetylcholinesterase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neuronal morphology, cytochrome c (Cyt-c) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) expressions were determined. AHM and in combination with ethanol showed an increased index of aggression typified by frequency of attack and reduced latency to attack when compared to normal saline-treated animals. Co-administration of AHM and ethanol significantly reduced cognitive correct alternation (%) and discrimination index in the YMT and NORT, respectively. AHM and ethanol increased acetylcholinesterase, Pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters while they reduced GAD. There were significantly reduced neuronal counts and increased expression of Cyt-c and NF-ĸB, respectively Alcoholic herbal mixture increased aggressiveness and caused neurocognitive impairment via increased oxido-inflammatory stress in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John Melete
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Alcohol Withdrawal and the Associated Mood Disorders-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314912. [PMID: 36499240 PMCID: PMC9738481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recreational use of alcohol is a social norm in many communities worldwide. Alcohol use in moderation brings pleasure and may protect the cardiovascular system. However, excessive alcohol consumption or alcohol abuse are detrimental to one's health. Three million deaths due to excessive alcohol consumption were reported by the World Health Organization. Emerging evidence also revealed the danger of moderate consumption, which includes the increased risk to cancer. Alcohol abuse and periods of withdrawal have been linked to depression and anxiety. Here, we present the effects of alcohol consumption (acute and chronic) on important brain structures-the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, the limbic system, and the cerebellum. Apart from this, we also present the link between alcohol abuse and withdrawal and mood disorders in this review, thus drawing a link to oxidative stress. In addition, we also discuss the positive impacts of some pharmacotherapies used. Due to the ever-rising demands of life, the cycle between alcohol abuse, withdrawal, and mood disorders may be a never-ending cycle of destruction. Hence, through this review, we hope that we can emphasise the importance and urgency of managing this issue with the appropriate approaches.
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Dichrocephala integrifolia Aqueous Extract Antagonises Chronic and Binges Ethanol Feeding-Induced Memory Dysfunctions: Insights into Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1620816. [PMID: 36110196 PMCID: PMC9470300 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1620816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption is widely accepted despite its addictive properties and its mind-altering effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of Dichrocephala integrifolia against, memory impairment, on a mouse model of chronic and binges ethanol feeding. Mice were divided, into groups of 8 animals each, and received distilled water, Dichrocephala integrifolia aqueous extract (25; 50; 100; or 200 mg/kg) or memantine (200 mg/kg) once a day, while fe, with Lieber-DeCarli control (sham group only) or Lieber-DeCarli ethanol diet ad libitum for 28 days. The Y maze and the novel object recognition (NOR) tests were used to evaluate spatial short-term and recognition memory, respectively. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione levels, and proinflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, TNF-α, and Il-6) were evaluated in brain homogenates following behavioral assessments. The results showed that chronic ethanol administration in mice was associated with a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the spontaneous alternation percentage and the discrimination index, in the Y maze and the NOR tests, respectively. It significantly (p < 0.01) increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers levels in the brain. Dichrocephala integrifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) as well as memantine (200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation and the discrimination index, in the Y maze and NOR tests, respectively. Dichrocephala integrifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) likewise memantine (200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) alleviated ethanol-induced increase, in the brain malondialdehyde level, nitric oxide, Il-1β, TNF-α, and Il-6. From these findings, it can be concluded that Dichrocephala integrifolia counteracted memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation induced by chronic ethanol consumption in mice.
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Yalcin EB, Delikkaya BN, Pelit W, Tong M, De La Monte SM, Rounds S. The Differential Effects of Chronic Alcohol and Cigarette Smoke Exposures on Cognitive-Behavioral Dysfunction in Long Evans Rats. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 12:413-432. [PMID: 36860550 PMCID: PMC9974143 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2022.129024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Chronic heavy alcohol consumption and daily cigarette smoking are the most prevalent substance use problems in the U.S., including Veterans. Excessive alcohol use causes neurocognitive and behavioral deficits that can be linked to neurodegeneration. Similarly, preclinical and clinical data suggest that smoking also leads to brain atrophy. This study examines the differential and additive effects of alcohol and cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on cognitive-behavioral function. Methods A 4-way experimental model of chronic alcohol and CS exposures was generated using 4-week-old male and female Long Evans rats that were pair-fed with Lieber-deCarli isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 24% ethanol for 9 weeks. Half of the rats in the control and ethanol groups were exposed to CS for 4 hours/day and 4 days/week for 9 weeks. All rats were subjected to Morris Water Maze, Open Field, and Novel Object Recognition testing in the last experimental week. Results Chronic alcohol exposure impaired spatial learning as shown by significantly increased latency to locate the platform, and it caused anxiety-like behavior marked by the significantly reduced percentage of entries to the center of the arena. Chronic CS exposure impaired recognition memory as suggested by significantly less time spent at the novel object. Combined exposures to alcohol and CS did not show any significant additive or interactive effect on cognitive-behavioral function. Conclusion Chronic alcohol exposure was the main driver of spatial learning, while the effect of secondhand CS exposure was not robust. Future studies need to mimic direct CS exposure effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine B Yalcin
- Division of Research, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Büşra Nur Delikkaya
- Division of Research, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Pelit
- Chemical Biology and English, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M De La Monte
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Neurology, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Division of Research, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Aschner M, Skalny AV, Ke T, da Rocha JBT, Paoliello MMB, Santamaria A, Bornhorst J, Rongzhu L, Svistunov AA, Djordevic AB, Tinkov AA. Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) Signaling as a Protective Mechanism against Endogenous and Exogenous Neurotoxicants. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1908-1924. [PMID: 35236265 PMCID: PMC9886801 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the significant role of H2S in brain functioning, it is proposed that H2S may also possess protective effects against adverse effects of neurotoxicants. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to discuss the neuroprotective effects of H2S against toxicity of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous agents involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases as etiological factors or key players in disease pathogenesis. Generally, the existing data demonstrate that H2S possesses neuroprotective effects upon exposure to endogenous (amyloid β, glucose, and advanced-glycation end-products, homocysteine, lipopolysaccharide, and ammonia) and exogenous (alcohol, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, metals, 6-hydroxydopamine, as well as 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine ion (MPP)) neurotoxicants. On the one hand, neuroprotective effects are mediated by S-sulfhydration of key regulators of antioxidant (Sirt1, Nrf2) and inflammatory response (NF-κB), resulting in the modulation of the downstream signaling, such as SIRT1/TORC1/CREB/BDNF-TrkB, Nrf2/ARE/HO-1, or other pathways. On the other hand, H2S appears to possess a direct detoxicative effect by binding endogenous (ROS, AGEs, Aβ) and exogenous (MeHg) neurotoxicants, thus reducing their toxicity. Moreover, the alteration of H2S metabolism through the inhibition of H2S-synthetizing enzymes in the brain (CBS, 3-MST) may be considered a significant mechanism of neurotoxicity. Taken together, the existing data indicate that the modulation of cerebral H2S metabolism may be used as a neuroprotective strategy to counteract neurotoxicity of a wide spectrum of endogenous and exogenous neurotoxicants associated with neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), fetal alcohol syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, environmental neurotoxicant exposure, etc. In this particular case, modulation of H2S-synthetizing enzymes or the use of H2S-releasing drugs should be considered as the potential tools, although the particular efficiency and safety of such interventions are to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-mail
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Kobayashi NHC, Farias SV, Luz DA, Machado-Ferraro KM, da Conceição BC, da Silveira CCM, Fernandes LMP, Cartágenes SDC, Ferreira VMM, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CDSF. Ketamine plus Alcohol: What We Know and What We Can Expect about This. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147800. [PMID: 35887148 PMCID: PMC9323326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse has become a public health concern. The misuse of ketamine, a psychedelic substance, has increased worldwide. In addition, the co-abuse with alcohol is frequently identified among misusers. Considering that ketamine and alcohol share several pharmacological targets, we hypothesize that the consumption of both psychoactive substances may synergically intensify the toxicological consequences, both under the effect of drugs available in body systems and during withdrawal. The aim of this review is to examine the toxicological mechanisms related to ketamine plus ethanol co-abuse, as well the consequences on cardiorespiratory, digestive, urinary, and central nervous systems. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the probable sites of shared molecular mechanisms that may elicit additional hazardous effects. Finally, we highlight the gaps of knowledge in this area, which deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Harumi Correa Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sarah Viana Farias
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Diandra Araújo Luz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Kissila Márvia Machado-Ferraro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Brenda Costa da Conceição
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cinthia Cristina Menezes da Silveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sabrina de Carvalho Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Vânia Maria Moraes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Psychology Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro—Asa Norte, Brasília 70910900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7201
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EEG Classification of Normal and Alcoholic by Deep Learning. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060778. [PMID: 35741663 PMCID: PMC9220822 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a common mental disease worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption may lead to alcoholism and many complications. In severe cases, it will lead to inhibition and paralysis of the centers of the respiratory and circulatory systems and even death. In addition, there is a lack of effective standard test procedures to detect alcoholism. EEG signals are data obtained by measuring brain changes in the cerebral cortex and can be used for the diagnosis of alcoholism. Existing diagnostic methods mainly employ machine learning techniques, which rely on human intervention to learn. In contrast, deep learning, as an end-to-end learning method, can automatically extract EEG signal features, which is more convenient. Nonetheless, there are few studies on the classification of alcohol’s EEG signals using deep learning models. Therefore, in this paper, a new deep learning method is proposed to automatically extract and classify EEG’s features. The method first adopts a multilayer discrete wavelet transform to denoise the input data. Then, the denoised data are used as input, and a convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory network are used for feature extraction. Finally, alcohol EEG signal classification is performed. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this study can be utilized to effectively diagnose patients with alcoholism, achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 99.32%, which is better than most current algorithms.
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Sandoval C, Mella L, Godoy K, Adeli K, Farías J. β-Carotene Increases Activity of Cytochrome P450 2E1 during Ethanol Consumption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051033. [PMID: 35624897 PMCID: PMC9137679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key routes through which ethanol induces oxidative stress appears to be the activation of cytochrome P450 2E1 at different levels of ethanol intake. Our aim was to determine if oral β-carotene intake had an antioxidant effect on CYP2E1 gene expression in mice that had previously consumed ethanol. C57BL/6 mice were used and distributed into: control (C), low-dose alcohol (LA), moderate-dose alcohol (MA), β-carotene (B), low-dose alcohol+β-carotene (LA + B), and moderate-dose alcohol+β-carotene (MA + B). Animals were euthanized at the end of the experiment, and liver tissue was taken from each one. CYP2E1 was measured using qPCR to detect liver damage. The relative expression level of each RNA was estimated using the comparative threshold cycle (Ct) technique (2−ΔΔCT method) by averaging the Ct values from three replicates. The LA+B (2267 ± 0.707) and MA+B (2.307 ± 0.384) groups had the highest CYP2E1 fold change values. On the other hand, the C (1.053 ± 0.292) and LA (1.240 ± 0.163) groups had the lowest levels. These results suggest that ethanol feeding produced a fold increase in CYP2E1 protein in mice as compared to the control group. Increased CYP2E1 activity was found to support the hypothesis that β-carotene might be dangerous during ethanol exposure in animal models. Our findings imply that β-carotene can increase the hepatic damage caused by low and high doses of alcohol. Therefore, the quantity of alcohol ingested, the exposure period, the regulatory mechanisms of alcoholic liver damage, and the signaling pathways involved in the consumption of both alcohol and antioxidant must all be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Carreras 753, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-45-2325720 (C.S.); +56-45-2325956 (J.F.)
| | - Luciana Mella
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Karina Godoy
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
| | - Jorge Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-45-2325720 (C.S.); +56-45-2325956 (J.F.)
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Ottino-González J, Garavan H. Brain structural covariance network differences in adults with alcohol dependence and heavy-drinking adolescents. Addiction 2022; 117:1312-1325. [PMID: 34907616 DOI: 10.1111/add.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Graph theoretic analysis of structural covariance networks (SCN) provides an assessment of brain organization that has not yet been applied to alcohol dependence (AD). We estimated whether SCN differences are present in adults with AD and heavy-drinking adolescents at age 19 and age 14, prior to substantial exposure to alcohol. DESIGN Cross-sectional sample of adults and a cohort of adolescents. Correlation matrices for cortical thicknesses across 68 regions were summarized with graph theoretic metrics. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 745 adults with AD and 979 non-dependent controls from 24 sites curated by the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA)-Addiction consortium, and 297 hazardous drinking adolescents and 594 controls at ages 19 and 14 from the IMAGEN study, all from Europe. MEASUREMENTS Metrics of network segregation (modularity, clustering coefficient and local efficiency) and integration (average shortest path length and global efficiency). FINDINGS The younger AD adults had lower network segregation and higher integration relative to non-dependent controls. Compared with controls, the hazardous drinkers at age 19 showed lower modularity [area-under-the-curve (AUC) difference = -0.0142, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.1333, 0.0092; P-value = 0.017], clustering coefficient (AUC difference = -0.0164, 95% CI = -0.1456, 0.0043; P-value = 0.008) and local efficiency (AUC difference = -0.0141, 95% CI = -0.0097, 0.0034; P-value = 0.010), as well as lower average shortest path length (AUC difference = -0.0405, 95% CI = -0.0392, 0.0096; P-value = 0.021) and higher global efficiency (AUC difference = 0.0044, 95% CI = -0.0011, 0.0043; P-value = 0.023). The same pattern was present at age 14 with lower clustering coefficient (AUC difference = -0.0131, 95% CI = -0.1304, 0.0033; P-value = 0.024), lower average shortest path length (AUC difference = -0.0362, 95% CI = -0.0334, 0.0118; P-value = 0.019) and higher global efficiency (AUC difference = 0.0035, 95% CI = -0.0011, 0.0038; P-value = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional analyses indicate that a specific structural covariance network profile is an early marker of alcohol dependence in adults. Similar effects in a cohort of heavy-drinking adolescents, observed at age 19 and prior to substantial alcohol exposure at age 14, suggest that this pattern may be a pre-existing risk factor for problematic drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Ayerdem G, Bosma MJ, Vinke JSJ, Ziengs AL, Potgieser ARE, Gansevoort RT, Bakker SJL, De Borst MH, Eisenga MF. Association of Endogenous Erythropoietin Levels and Iron Status With Cognitive Functioning in the General Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:862856. [PMID: 35462689 PMCID: PMC9024369 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.862856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEmerging data suggest that erythropoietin (EPO) promotes neural plasticity and that iron homeostasis is needed to maintain normal physiological brain function. Cognitive functioning could therefore be influenced by endogenous EPO levels and disturbances in iron status.ObjectiveTo determine whether endogenous EPO levels and disturbances in iron status are associated with alterations in cognitive functioning in the general population.Materials and MethodsCommunity-dwelling individuals from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study, a general population-based cohort in Groningen, Netherlands, were surveyed between 2003 and 2006. Additionally, endogenous EPO levels and iron status, consisting of serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, and transferrin saturation were analyzed. Cognitive function was assessed by scores on the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), as a reflection of executive function, and the Visual Association Test (VAT), as a reflection of associative memory.ResultsAmong 851 participants (57% males; mean age 60 ± 13 years), higher endogenous EPO levels were independently associated with an improved cognitive function, reflected by RFFT scores (ß = 0.09, P = 0.008). In multivariable backward linear regression analysis, EPO levels were among the most important modifiable determinants of RFFT scores (ß = 0.09, P = 0.002), but not of VAT scores. Of the iron status parameters, only serum ferritin levels were inversely associated with cognitive function, reflected by VAT scores, in multivariable logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.95; P = 0.02 for high performance on VAT, i.e., ≥11 points). No association between iron status parameters and RFFT scores was identified.ConclusionThe findings suggest that endogenous EPO levels and serum ferritin levels are associated with specific cognitive functioning tests in the general population. Higher EPO levels are associated with better RFFT scores, implying better executive function. Serum ferritin levels, but not other iron status parameters, were inversely associated with high performance on the VAT score, implying a reduced ability to create new memories and recall recent past. Further research is warranted to unravel underlying mechanisms and possible benefits of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ayerdem
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J. Bosma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Sophia J. Vinke
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aaltje L. Ziengs
- Department of Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan R. E. Potgieser
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martin H. De Borst
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michele F. Eisenga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Michele F. Eisenga,
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Neurocognitive and substance use disorders in older adults: challenges and evidence. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/add-01-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to review the presentation of substance use disorders in older adults, how addiction intertwines with neurocognitive disorders and how to approach this vulnerable population.
Design/methodology/approach
Electronic data searches of PubMed, Medline and the Cochrane Library (years 2000–2021) were performed using the keywords “neurocognitive,” “dementia,” “substance use,” “addiction,” “older adults” and “elderly.” The authors, in consensus, selected pivotal studies and conducted a narrative synthesis of the findings.
Findings
Research about substance use disorders in older adults is limited, especially in those with superimposed neurocognitive disorders. Having dual diagnoses can make the identification and treatment of either condition challenging. Management should use a holistic multidisciplinary approach that involves medical professionals and caregivers.
Originality/value
This review highlights some of the intertwining aspects between substance use disorders and neurocognitive disorders in older adults. It provides a comprehensive summary of the available evidence on treatment in this population.
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Sandoval C, Farías J, Zamorano M, Herrera C. Vitamin Supplements as a Nutritional Strategy against Chronic Alcohol Consumption? An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030564. [PMID: 35326214 PMCID: PMC8945215 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that blood vitamin levels are low in alcoholic patients. In effect, alcohol use abuse is considered a chronic disease that promotes the pathogenesis of many fatal diseases, such as cancer and liver cirrhosis. The alcohol effects in the liver can be prevented by antioxidant mechanisms, which induces enzymatic as well as other nonenzymatic pathways. The effectiveness of several antioxidants has been evaluated. However, these studies have been accompanied by uncertainty as mixed results were reported. Thus, the aim of the present review article was to examine the current knowledge on vitamin deficiency and its role in chronic liver disease. Our review found that deficiencies in nutritional vitamins could develop rapidly during chronic liver disease due to diminished hepatic storage and that inadequate vitamins intake and alcohol consumption may interact to deplete vitamin levels. Numerous studies have described that vitamin supplementation could reduce hepatotoxicity. However, further studies with reference to the changes in vitamin status and the nutritional management of chronic liver disease are in demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Carreras 753, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.F.); (M.Z.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-2325720
| | - Jorge Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.F.); (M.Z.)
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.F.); (M.Z.)
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Christian Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
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Baj J, Forma A, Kobak J, Tyczyńska M, Dudek I, Maani A, Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Januszewski J, Flieger J. Toxic and Nutritional Optic Neuropathies—An Updated Mini-Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053092. [PMID: 35270784 PMCID: PMC8910489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optic neuropathies constitute a group of conditions with various etiologies and might be caused by different factors; we can distinguish the genetic and acquired causes of optic neuropathies. Even though the symptoms are not highly specific, this condition is primarily characterized by unilateral or bilateral vision loss with worsening color detection. The loss may be acute or gradual depending on the causation. In this article, we included a specification of toxic optic neuropathy (TON) mainly triggered by alcohol abuse and also the usage of other substances, including drugs or methanol, as well as intoxication by metals, organic solvents, or carbon dioxide. Nutritional deficiencies, vitamin absorption disorder, and anemia, which usually appear during excessive alcohol intake, and their effect on the etiology of the optic neuropathy have been likewise discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.T.); (I.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Kobak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.T.); (I.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.T.); (I.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Iga Dudek
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.T.); (I.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Amr Maani
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.T.); (I.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.T.); (I.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.T.); (I.D.); (G.T.); (G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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22
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Macks C, Jeong D, Lee JS. Therapeutic efficacy of rolipram delivered by PgP nanocarrier on secondary injury and motor function in a rat TBI model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:431-445. [PMID: 35184609 PMCID: PMC8905552 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-graft-polyethylenimine (PgP) as a nanocarrier for the delivery of rolipram (Rm) and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Rm-loaded PgP (Rm-PgP) on secondary injury and motor function in a rat traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. Materials & methods: Rm-PgP was injected in the injured brain lesion immediately after TBI using a microinjection pump. Secondary injury pathologies such as inflammatory response, apoptosis and astrogliosis were assessed by histological analysis and functional recovery was assessed by assorted motor function tests. Results: Rm-PgP restored cyclic adenosine monophosphate level in the injured brain close to the sham level and Rm-PgP treatment reduced lesion volume, neuroinflammation and apoptosis and improved motor function at 7 days post-TBI. Conclusion: One single injection of Rm-PgP can be effective for acute mild TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Macks
- Department of Bioengineering, Drug Design, Development, & Delivery (4D) Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Daun Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, Drug Design, Development, & Delivery (4D) Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jeoung Soo Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Drug Design, Development, & Delivery (4D) Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA,Author for correspondence:
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23
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Tsamou M, Carpi D, Pistollato F, Roggen EL. Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease- and Neurotoxicity-Related microRNAs Affecting Key Events of Tau-Driven Adverse Outcome Pathway Toward Memory Loss. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1427-1457. [PMID: 35213375 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex network of aging-related homeostatic pathways that are sensitive to further deterioration in the presence of genetic, systemic, and environmental risk factors, and lifestyle, is implicated in the pathogenesis of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, such as sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease (sAD). OBJECTIVE Since sAD pathology and neurotoxicity share microRNAs (miRs) regulating common as well as overlapping pathological processes, environmental neurotoxic compounds are hypothesized to exert a risk for sAD initiation and progression. METHODS Literature search for miRs associated with human sAD and environmental neurotoxic compounds was conducted. Functional miR analysis using PathDip was performed to create miR-target interaction networks. RESULTS The identified miRs were successfully linked to the hypothetical starting point and key events of the earlier proposed tau-driven adverse outcome pathway toward memory loss. Functional miR analysis confirmed most of the findings retrieved from literature and revealed some interesting findings. The analysis identified 40 miRs involved in both sAD and neurotoxicity that dysregulated processes governing the plausible adverse outcome pathway for memory loss. CONCLUSION Creating miR-target interaction networks related to pathological processes involved in sAD initiation and progression, and environmental chemical-induced neurotoxicity, respectively, provided overlapping miR-target interaction networks. This overlap offered an opportunity to create an alternative picture of the mechanisms underlying sAD initiation and early progression. Looking at initiation and progression of sAD from this new angle may open for new biomarkers and novel drug targets for sAD before the appearance of the first clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Donatella Carpi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra VA, Italy
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24
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Spindler C, Mallien L, Trautmann S, Alexander N, Muehlhan M. A coordinate-based meta-analysis of white matter alterations in patients with alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:40. [PMID: 35087021 PMCID: PMC8795454 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Besides the commonly described gray matter (GM) deficits, there is growing evidence of significant white matter (WM) alterations in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). WM changes can be assessed using volumetric and diffusive magnetic resonance imaging methods, such as voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The aim of the present meta-analysis is to investigate the spatial convergence of the reported findings on WM alterations in AUD. METHODS Systematic literature search on PubMed and further databases revealed 18 studies eligible for inclusion, entailing a total of 462 AUD patients and 416 healthy controls (up to January 18, 2021). All studies that had used either VBM or DTI whole-brain analyzing methods and reported results as peak-coordinates in standard reference space were considered for inclusion. We excluded studies using approaches non-concordant with recent guidelines for neuroimaging meta-analyses and studies investigating patient groups with Korsakoff syndrome or other comorbid substance use disorders (except tobacco). RESULTS Anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) revealed four significant clusters of convergent macro- and microstructural WM alterations in AUD patients that were assigned to the genu and body of the corpus callosum, anterior and posterior cingulum, fornix, and the right posterior limb of the internal capsule. DISCUSSION The changes in WM could to some extent explain the deteriorations in motor, cognitive, affective, and perceptual functions seen in AUD. Future studies are needed to clarify how WM alterations vary over the course of the disorder and to what extent they are reversible with prolonged abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Spindler
- grid.461732.5Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.461732.5ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louisa Mallien
- grid.461732.5Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trautmann
- grid.461732.5Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.461732.5ICPP Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- grid.461732.5Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Muehlhan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany. .,ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
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25
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Nawabi F, Krebs F, Lorenz L, Shukri A, Alayli A, Stock S. Understanding Determinants of Pregnant Women's Knowledge of Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020658. [PMID: 35055480 PMCID: PMC8775702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that a woman’s lifestyle during pregnancy influences her child’s health and development. Therefore, women need to possess sufficient knowledge regarding the elements of a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. To date, there has been little research on the assessment of lifestyle knowledge of pregnant women in the perinatal healthcare setting. This study describes the development and application of a knowledge-based questionnaire for pregnancy to be used in a lifestyle intervention trial conducted in Germany. Within the trial, pregnant women receive counselling on lifestyle topics. These topics are based on the German initiative ‘Healthy Start—Young Family Network’ (GiL), which provides evidence-based recommendations regarding diet and lifestyle before and during pregnancy. These serve as a basis for health professionals who provide counselling on healthy lifestyle choices during the antenatal period. The questionnaire consists of eight items, each of which can be answered using ‘Yes’, ‘No’ or ‘Don’t know’. The pregnant women who completed the questionnaire at baseline around the twelfth week of gestation were recruited within the host trial from gynaecological practices in Germany. Demographic variables and the respondents’ answers to the questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Descriptive statistics show that more than 85% of participants answered the majority of questions (n = 5) correctly. Questions on whether tap water is safe and the normal range for gestational weight gain (GWG) were answered correctly by about 62% and 74% of the women, respectively, and the question on whether it is beneficial to obtain information on breastfeeding at an early stage was answered correctly by about 29%. The results of the regression analyses indicate that age, gestational week, education and income are positive predictors for answering the questionnaire correctly. Nullipara and migration background are predictors for answering the questions incorrectly. This study indicates that there are gaps in women’s knowledge regarding lifestyle during pregnancy. Particular focus on certain topics, such as breastfeeding and normal GWG ranges, is still required during counselling. Our analysis shows that migration background is a predictor of insufficient knowledge and incorrect answers to the questions. Women with such backgrounds require special attention during antenatal counselling in order to cater to their needs and the gaps in their knowledge.
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26
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Gooden JR, Petersen V, Bolt GL, Curtis A, Manning V, Cox CA, Lubman DI, Arunogiri S. Maybe It's Not the Meth: Considering Biopsychosocial Contributors to Cognitive Impairment in Methamphetamine Polydrug Use. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:795400. [PMID: 35237189 PMCID: PMC8882579 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.795400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In considering the cognitive harms of methamphetamine (MA) use, there is currently a limited appreciation of the profile of pre-existing, comorbid, or modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in individuals with MA-polydrug use who present to clinical services. This is in contrast to the well-recognized evidence in alcohol use groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the biopsychosocial and neuropsychological profiles of MA-polysubstance using individuals reporting cognitive impairment in comparison to an alcohol-using group. METHODS A retrospective file audit was undertaken of individuals who presented for assessment to a specialist addiction neuropsychology service and reported either more than 1 year of heavy MA use as part of a polydrug use history (n = 40) or having only used alcohol (n = 27). Clinical histories including demographic, medical, mental health, substance use, and neuropsychological assessment results were extracted from medical records. Between group comparisons were conducted to explore differences in the MA-polydrug vs. the alcohol group. RESULTS Individuals in the MA-polydrug group were significantly younger, commenced substance use at an earlier age, were more likely to have an offending history, and experienced an overdose than those in the alcohol group. No differences in comorbid neurodevelopmental, psychiatric or acquired brain injury diagnoses were observed between groups. For neuropsychological functioning, significant group differences were observed in overall IQ, semantic verbal fluency, and psychomotor tracking, where individuals in the alcohol group performed significantly worse. CONCLUSIONS Neuropsychological profiles were largely equivalent between groups across cognitive domains, with minor differences in favor of the MA-polydrug group. Relative to the general population, cognitive functioning was reduced for both groups across a range of domains. High rates of comorbid mental health concerns were common across both groups, however, individuals in the MA-polydrug group presented with a higher risk of overall harm from substance use at a significantly younger age which is a unique concern for this group. These findings highlight the importance of considering the biopsychosocial factors, such as age of first use, emotional distress, indirect substance related harms including overdose and blood born virus infection that may be relevant to experiences of cognitive difficulty in MA-polydrug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Gooden
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,The National Centre for Clinical Research on Emerging Drugs, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Ashlee Curtis
- Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-Social Behaviour Research, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria Manning
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
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27
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Alcohol and Placebo: The Role of Expectations and Social Influence. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe placebo effect is frequently present in our lives when an expectation, associated with any psychoactive material, leads to subjective and physiological changes. The present work studies the role of expectancies associated with ethanol/alcohol in changes to the subjective state. In experimental situations, we examine how these expectations—with or without social influences—affect participants when consuming alcoholic, pseudo-alcoholic, or non-alcoholic cocktails. Psychological and physical changes can, to a significant extent, arise from an expectation-driven placebo effect. We suggest that expectations of inebriation formed by socialization and experiences can explain most of the behavioural changes following alcohol consumption. These effects seem to be stronger if the alcohol consumption happens in a social context and weaker if it is individually. Regarding the information effect, we suppose that the expectations will positively affect the drunkenness, i.e. toward the placebo “direction”: those who believe they are consuming a non-alcoholic cocktail will be less inebriated than those who know their drink contains alcohol. In this study, we successfully demonstrate the expectation-induced classical placebo effect in the misinformed participants who were, in fact, consuming non-alcoholic drinks. The “social” alcohol consumption further enhances the true or believed effects of the alcohol, and thus the participants reported their subjective feelings in lines with their manipulated expectations. As regards the effect of the alcohol, therefore, many other factors contribute in addition to the alcohol itself, the most important of which seem to be group effect, suggestions and expectations.
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28
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Higher-Order Language Dysfunctions in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184199. [PMID: 34575309 PMCID: PMC8471652 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) have difficulties with certain aspects of higher-order language functions (HOLF) but there is no data on a wide range of these functions in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare different aspects of HOLF in patients with AUD and healthy controls (HC). A total of 31 patients with AUD and 44 HC took part in the study. We assessed HOLF with the Right Hemisphere Language Battery (RHLB) and measured control variables: depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) as well as the speed of processing and executive functions with the Color Trails Test (CTT). Patients with AUD had lower results on nine RHLB tests. Moreover, AUD patients had higher scores on PHQ and longer reaction times on CTT. The differences in most RHLB results remained significant after co-varying the control variables. Patients with AUD have difficulties with making inferences from the text, understanding the meaning of individual words, metaphorical content, and prosody, which may impede the comprehension and production of discourse in which linguistic elements must be integrated with non-verbal cues and contextual information. These disturbances may impact various spheres of everyday life and negatively influence social, private, and professional functioning.
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Popa I, Rădulescu I, Drăgoi AM, Trifu S, Cristea MB. Korsakoff syndrome: An overlook (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1132. [PMID: 34466144 PMCID: PMC8383329 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to analyze the latest neurobiological findings regarding Korsakoff syndrome, since alcoholism is the most prevalent addiction worldwide. In addition, we analyzed the optimal treatment that can be administered in order to minimize the symptoms and improve the outcome of these patients. The disruption of memory circuits within the brain of alcoholic patients results in the amnestic syndrome known as Korsakoff syndrome. It is generally characterized by a chronic neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. Other categories of patients can develop Korsakoff syndrome without consuming alcohol such as AIDS patients, terminally ill cancer patients, or patients with chronic infections and malnutrition. Vitamin B1 is required in the Krebs cycle for production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is also a cofactor in the production of acetylcholine and certain neurotransmitters. Alcohol consumption can decrease the intake, gastrointestinal absorption and cellular utilization of vitamin B1. Treatment of alcohol withdrawal along with high doses of vitamin B1 can improve the general outcome of patients. A small percentage of patients can recover from Wernicke's encephalopathy with no permanent brain damage. The onset of Korsakoff syndrome darkens the prognosis. Alcohol abstinence is an absolute recommendation and prevents the extension of neural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuţ Popa
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Rădulescu
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Miruna Drăgoi
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Trifu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Bogdan Cristea
- Department of Morphological Sciences, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Carrasco D, Carrasco C, Souza-Mello V, Sandoval C. Effectiveness of antioxidant treatments on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity after alcohol exposure in humans and in vitro models: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1961801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danitza Carrasco
- Carrera De Tecnología Médica, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Camila Carrasco
- Carrera De Tecnología Médica, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratorio De Morfometría, Metabolismo Y Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro Biomédico, Instituto De Biología, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Carreras, Osorno, Chile
- Departamento De Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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31
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IL-6 and IL-1β upregulation and tau protein phosphorylation in response to chronic alcohol exposure in the mouse hippocampus. Neuroreport 2021; 32:851-857. [PMID: 34029285 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism and alcohol abuse can lead to memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The neuroinflammatory response plays an important role in the neurotoxic mechanism of chronic alcohol exposure. Additionally, the phosphorylation status of the tau protein is closely related to neurotoxicity and synaptic function. As inflammatory cytokines have been shown to regulate tau phosphorylation, in the present study, the aim was to determine whether cognitive impairment caused by chronic alcohol exposure is associated with neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus. We established a chronic alcohol exposure model of C57BL/6J mice. The Y maze was used to assess the spatial recognition ability of mice, and ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum. Immunohistochemical and western blot assays were used to assess the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6, as well as tau protein and its phosphorylation status in the hippocampus. We also analyzed the mRNA and protein expression of the synapse-associated proteins PSD95 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus. Our results showed that chronic alcohol exposure impaired the spatial recognition ability of mice upregulated the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum and hippocampus and increased the phosphorylation of tau protein in the hippocampus. In addition, chronic alcohol exposure downregulated PSD95 and synaptophysin protein levels. The present results indicate that hippocampal IL-1β, IL-6, and phosphorylated tau proteins may be involved in the neurotoxic mechanism of chronic alcohol exposure by mediating synaptic dysfunction.
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Pervin Z, Stephen JM. Effect of alcohol on the central nervous system to develop neurological disorder: pathophysiological and lifestyle modulation can be potential therapeutic options for alcohol-induced neurotoxication. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:390-413. [PMID: 34183988 PMCID: PMC8222771 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the major target for adverse effects of alcohol and extensively promotes the development of a significant number of neurological diseases such as stroke, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Excessive alcohol consumption causes severe neuro-immunological changes in the internal organs including irreversible brain injury and it also reacts with the defense mechanism of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which in turn leads to changes in the configuration of the tight junction of endothelial cells and white matter thickness of the brain. Neuronal injury associated with malnutrition and oxidative stress-related BBB dysfunction may cause neuronal degeneration and demyelination in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the underlying mechanism still remains unknown. To address this question, studies need to be performed on the contributing mechanisms of alcohol on pathological relationships of neurodegeneration that cause permanent neuronal damage. Moreover, alcohol-induced molecular changes of white matter with conduction disturbance in neurotransmission are a likely cause of myelin defect or axonal loss which correlates with cognitive dysfunctions in AUD. To extend our current knowledge in developing a neuroprotective environment, we need to explore the pathophysiology of ethanol (EtOH) metabolism and its effect on the CNS. Recent epidemiological studies and experimental animal research have revealed the association between excessive alcohol consumption and neurodegeneration. This review supports an interdisciplinary treatment protocol to protect the nervous system and to improve the cognitive outcomes of patients who suffer from alcohol-related neurodegeneration as well as clarify the pathological involvement of alcohol in causing other major neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinia Pervin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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33
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Meta-analysis of grey matter changes and their behavioral characterization in patients with alcohol use disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5238. [PMID: 33664372 PMCID: PMC7933165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is associated with reductions in grey matter (GM) volume which can lead to changes in numerous brain functions. The results of previous studies on altered GM in AUD differ considerably in the regions identified. Three meta-analyses carried out between 2014 and 2017 yielded different results. The present study includes the considerable amount of newer research and delivers a state-of-the art meta-analysis in line with recently published guidelines. Additionally, we behaviorally characterized affected regions using fMRI metadata and identified related brain networks by determining their meta-analytic connectivity patterns. Twenty-seven studies with 1,045 AUD patients and 1,054 healthy controls were included in the analysis and analyzed by means of Anatomical Likelihood Estimation (ALE). GM alterations were identified in eight clusters covering different parts of the cingulate and medial frontal gyri, paracentral lobes, left post- and precentral gyri, left anterior and right posterior insulae and left superior frontal gyrus. The behavioral characterization associated these regions with specific cognitive, emotional, somatosensory and motor functions. Moreover, the clusters represent nodes within behaviorally relevant brain networks. Our results suggest that GM reduction in AUD could disrupt network communication responsible for the neurocognitive impairments associated with high chronic alcohol consumption.
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Rungratanawanich W, Qu Y, Wang X, Essa MM, Song BJ. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and other adducts in aging-related diseases and alcohol-mediated tissue injury. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:168-188. [PMID: 33568752 PMCID: PMC8080618 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are potentially harmful and heterogeneous molecules derived from nonenzymatic glycation. The pathological implications of AGEs are ascribed to their ability to promote oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent studies in basic and translational research have revealed the contributing roles of AGEs in the development and progression of various aging-related pathological conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular complications, gut microbiome-associated illnesses, liver or neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Excessive chronic and/or acute binge consumption of alcohol (ethanol), a widely consumed addictive substance, is known to cause more than 200 diseases, including alcohol use disorder (addiction), alcoholic liver disease, and brain damage. However, despite the considerable amount of research in this area, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which alcohol abuse causes cellular toxicity and organ damage remain to be further characterized. In this review, we first briefly describe the properties of AGEs: their formation, accumulation, and receptor interactions. We then focus on the causative functions of AGEs that impact various aging-related diseases. We also highlight the biological connection of AGE-alcohol-adduct formations to alcohol-mediated tissue injury. Finally, we describe the potential translational research opportunities for treatment of various AGE- and/or alcohol-related adduct-associated disorders according to the mechanistic insights presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ying Qu
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Neuroapoptosis Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- grid.412846.d0000 0001 0726 9430Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Aging and Dementia Research Group, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat, Oman ,grid.412846.d0000 0001 0726 9430Aging and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Syaifullah AH, Shiino A, Fujiyoshi A, Kadota A, Kondo K, Ito T, Segawa H, Moniruzzaman M, Waki T, Miyagawa N, Tooyama I, Ueshima H, Miura K, Ueshima H, Miura K. Alcohol drinking and brain morphometry in apparently healthy community-dwelling Japanese men. Alcohol 2021; 90:57-65. [PMID: 33278513 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical implications of alcohol consumption have been extensively examined; however, its effects on brain structures in apparently healthy community-dwellers remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and brain gray matter volume (GMV) in community-dwelling Japanese men using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We recruited cognitively intact Japanese men, aged 40-79 years, from a population-based cohort in Shiga, Japan. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed, on average, 2 years after demographic and medical information was obtained in 2010-2014. A multivariable linear regression analysis of 639 men was conducted to elucidate the relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and GMV. VBM statistics were analyzed by threshold-free cluster enhancement with a family-wise error rate of <0.05. The results obtained demonstrated that the amount of alcohol consumed was associated with lower GMV. The VBM analysis showed lower GMV within the parahippocampal, entorhinal, cingulate, insular, temporal, and frontal cortices and cerebellum in very heavy drinkers (≥42 ethanol g/day) than in non-drinkers. Furthermore, alcohol consumption was associated with a higher white matter lesion volume. These results suggest subclinical structural changes similar to alcohol-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Haidar Syaifullah
- Biomedical MRI Science Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shiino
- Biomedical MRI Science Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Segawa
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takashi Waki
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for the Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA), Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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The Emergence of eSports Nutrition: A Review. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2021.1-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Krivanek TJ, Gale SA, McFeeley BM, Nicastri CM, Daffner KR. Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Ten-Year Update. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:871-920. [PMID: 33935078 PMCID: PMC8293659 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A decade has passed since we published a comprehensive review in this journal addressing the topic of promoting successful cognitive aging, making this a good time to take stock of the field. Because there have been limited large-scale, randomized controlled trials, especially following individuals from middle age to late life, some experts have questioned whether recommendations can be legitimately offered about reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Despite uncertainties, clinicians often need to at least make provisional recommendations to patients based on the highest quality data available. Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological/cohort studies, animal/basic science studies, human proof-of-concept studies, and human intervention studies can provide guidance, highlighting strategies for enhancing cognitive reserve and preventing loss of cognitive capacity. Many of the suggestions made in 2010 have been supported by additional research. Importantly, there is a growing consensus among major health organizations about recommendations to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy cognitive aging. Regular physical activity and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors have been supported by all of these organizations. Most organizations have also embraced cognitively stimulating activities, a heart-healthy diet, smoking cessation, and countering metabolic syndrome. Other behaviors like regular social engagement, limiting alcohol use, stress management, getting adequate sleep, avoiding anticholinergic medications, addressing sensory deficits, and protecting the brain against physical and toxic damage also have been endorsed, although less consistently. In this update, we review the evidence for each of these recommendations and offer practical advice about behavior-change techniques to help patients adopt brain-healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Krivanek
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany M. McFeeley
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey M. Nicastri
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Nasehi M, Zadeh-Tehrani SN, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR. A possible neuroprotective property of ethanol and/or NeuroAiD on the modulation of cognitive function. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 82:106927. [PMID: 32861843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments and poor performance on tasks needing behavioral flexibility are observable in chronic alcohol exposure. NeuroAid decreases cognitive deficits and improves functional outcomes by restoring neuronal circuits. The aim of the current study was to assess the hypothesis that ethanol exposure would induce neurobehavioral defects which may be reversed by the neuroprotective property of NeuroAid. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with saline, ethanol (0.2 g/kg), NeuroAid (0.8 g/kg) and ethanol (0.2 g/kg) + NeuroAid (0.8 g/kg). Then, behavioral tests were performed using the Y-maze apparatus, hot-plate and tail-flick apparatuses, locomotion apparatus as well as the loss of righting reflex (LORR) and hanging protocols (performance in a wire hanging test). Our results indicated that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of ethanol alone and administration of ethanol along with NeuroAid for one week reversed ethanol-induced spatial memory deficits in rats (P < 0.01). Interestingly, treatment with ethanol (0.2 g/kg) for one week induced nociception (P < 0.01). Moreover, one week administration of ethanol (0.2 g/kg) along with NeuroAid (0.8 g/kg) increased latency to LORR (P < 0.001) while four weeks administration of ethanol (0.2 g/kg) along with NeuroAid (0.8 g/kg) decreased sleep time (P < 0.01). In addition, a single administration of all drugs did not alter locomotor activity (P > 0.05) and hanging (P > 0.05). Improvement of behavioral tasks after one-week i.p. administration of ethanol and/or NeuroAid in comparison with a single administration of ethanol and/or NeuroAid may be due to the neuroprotective property of ethanol and/or NeuroAiD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Grandjean J, Duque J. A TMS study of preparatory suppression in binge drinkers. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102383. [PMID: 32828028 PMCID: PMC7451449 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking consists in a pattern of consumption characterised by the repeated alternation between massive alcohol intakes and abstinence periods. A continuum hypothesis suggests that this drinking endeavour represents an early stage of alcohol dependence rather than a separate phenomenon. Among the variety of alterations in alcohol-dependent individuals (ADIs), one has to do with the motor system, which does not show a normal pattern of activity during action preparation. In healthy controls (HCs), motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex (M1) show both facilitation and suppression effects, depending on the time and setting of TMS during action preparation. A recent study focusing on the suppression component revealed that this aspect of preparatory activity is abnormally weak in ADIs and that this defect scales with the risk of relapse. In the present study, we tested whether binge drinkers (BDs) present a similar deficit. To do so, we recorded MEPs in a set of hand muscles applying TMS in 20 BDs and in 20 matched HCs while they were preparing index finger responses in an instructed-delay choice reaction time task. Consistent with past research, the MEP data in HCs revealed a strong MEP suppression in this task. This effect was evident in all hand muscles, regardless of whether they were relevant or irrelevant in the task. BDs also showed some preparatory suppression, yet this effect was less consistent, especially in the prime mover of the responding hand. These findings suggest abnormal preparatory activity in BDs, similar to alcohol-dependent patients, though some of the current results also raise new questions regarding the significance of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Grandjean
- CoActions Lab, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Julie Duque
- CoActions Lab, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Dimitrova-Shumkovska J, Krstanoski L, Veenman L. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of TSPO Studies Regarding Neurodegenerative Diseases, Psychiatric Disorders, Alcohol Use Disorders, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Stroke: An Update. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040870. [PMID: 32252470 PMCID: PMC7226777 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and cell death are among the common symptoms of many central nervous system diseases and injuries. Neuroinflammation and programmed cell death of the various cell types in the brain appear to be part of these disorders, and characteristic for each cell type, including neurons and glia cells. Concerning the effects of 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) on glial activation, as well as being associated with neuronal cell death, as a response mechanism to oxidative stress, the changes of its expression assayed with the aid of TSPO-specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracers' uptake could also offer evidence for following the pathogenesis of these disorders. This could potentially increase the number of diagnostic tests to accurately establish the stadium and development of the disease in question. Nonetheless, the differences in results regarding TSPO PET signals of first and second generations of tracers measured in patients with neurological disorders versus healthy controls indicate that we still have to understand more regarding TSPO characteristics. Expanding on investigations regarding the neuroprotective and healing effects of TSPO ligands could also contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of TSPO activity for brain damage due to brain injury and disease. Studies so far have directed attention to the effects on neurons and glia, and processes, such as death, inflammation, and regeneration. It is definitely worthwhile to drive such studies forward. From recent research it also appears that TSPO ligands, such as PK11195, Etifoxine, Emapunil, and 2-Cl-MGV-1, demonstrate the potential of targeting TSPO for treatments of brain diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Dimitrova-Shumkovska
- Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Arhimedova 3, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia;
- Correspondence: (J.D.-S.); (L.V.)
| | - Ljupcho Krstanoski
- Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Arhimedova 3, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia;
| | - Leo Veenman
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Institute of Medical Research, 1 Efron Street, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel
- Correspondence: (J.D.-S.); (L.V.)
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Sampedro-Piquero P, J. Santín L, Castilla-Ortega E. Aberrant Brain Neuroplasticity and Function in Drug Addiction: A Focus on Learning-Related Brain Regions. Behav Neurosci 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Castilla-Ortega E. Neuroplastic and cognitive impairment in substance use disorders: a therapeutic potential of cognitive stimulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:23-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Conditional Effects of Lifetime Alcohol Consumption on Methamphetamine-Associated Neurocognitive Performance. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:787-799. [PMID: 31179969 PMCID: PMC6733657 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine (MA) dependence contributes to neurotoxicity and neurocognitive deficits. Although combined alcohol and MA misuse is common, how alcohol consumption relates to neurocognitive performance among MA users remains unclear. We hypothesized that alcohol and MA use would synergistically diminish neurocognitive functioning, such that greater reported alcohol consumption would exert larger negative effects on neurocognition among MA-dependent individuals compared to MA-nonusing persons. METHODS Eighty-seven MA-dependent (MA+) and 114 MA-nonusing (MA-) adults underwent neuropsychological and substance use assessments. Linear and logistic regressions examined the interaction between MA status and lifetime average drinks per drinking day on demographically corrected global neurocognitive T scores and impairment rates, controlling for recent alcohol use, lifetime cannabis use, WRAT reading performance, and lifetime depression. RESULTS MA+ displayed moderately higher rates of impairment and lower T scores compared to MA-. Lifetime alcohol use significantly interacted with MA status to predict global impairment (ORR = 0.70, p = .003) such that greater lifetime alcohol use increased likelihood of impairment in MA-, but decreased likelihood of impairment in MA+. Greater lifetime alcohol use predicted poorer global T scores among MA- (b = -0.44, p = .030) but not MA+ (b = 0.08, p = .586). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectations, greater lifetime alcohol use related to reduced risk of neurocognitive impairment among MA users. Findings are supported by prior research identifying neurobiological mechanisms by which alcohol may attenuate stimulant-driven vasoconstriction and brain thermotoxicity. Replication and examination of neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying alcohol use in the context of MA dependence are warranted to elucidate whether alcohol confers a degree of neuroprotection.
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Scholey A, Benson S, Kaufman J, Terpstra C, Ayre E, Verster JC, Allen C, Devilly GJ. Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Cognitive Performance: Findings from a Field/Internet Mixed Methodology Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E440. [PMID: 30935081 PMCID: PMC6518120 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from studies into the cognitive effects of alcohol hangover have been mixed. They also present methodological challenges, often relying on self-reports of alcohol consumption leading to hangover. The current study measured Breath Alcohol Concentration (BAC, which was obtained via breathalyzer) and self-reported drinking behavior during a night out. These were then related to hangover severity and cognitive function, measured over the internet in the same subjects, the following morning. Volunteers were breathalyzed and interviewed as they left the central entertainment district of an Australian state capital. They were provided with a unique identifier and, the following morning, logged on to a website. They completed a number of measures including an online version of the Alcohol Hangover Severity Scale (AHSS), questions regarding number and type of drinks consumed the previous night, and the eTMT-B-a validated, online analogue of the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) of executive function and working memory. Hangover severity was significantly correlated with one measure only, namely the previous night's Breath Alcohol Concentration (r = 0.228, p = 0.019). Completion time on the eTMT-B was significantly correlated with hangover severity (r = 0.245, p = 0.012), previous night's BAC (r = 0.197, p = 0.041), and time spent dinking (r = 0.376, p < 0.001). These findings confirm that alcohol hangover negatively affects cognitive functioning and that poorer working memory and executive performance correlate with hangover severity. The results also support the utility and certain advantages of using online measures in hangover research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Jordy Kaufman
- Swinburne BabyLab, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Chantal Terpstra
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Ayre
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Joris C Verster
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cory Allen
- Queensland Police Service Academy, GPO Box 1110, Archerfield, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Grant J Devilly
- School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University (Mt Gravatt Campus), Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Australia.
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Abstract
Chronic alcohol use induces silent changes in the structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems that eventually result in irreversible, debilitating repercussions. Once identified, nutritional supplementation and cessation measures are critical in preventing further neurologic damage. The proposed mechanisms of neuronal injury in chronic alcohol abuse include direct toxic effects of alcohol and indirect effects, including those resulting from hepatic dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Clinical manifestations include cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy. Continued exploration of the pathophysiologic mechanisms may lead to the discovery of early interventions that can prevent permanent neurologic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hammoud
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, MS: BCM609, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joohi Jimenez-Shahed
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, MS:BCM609, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Acetaldehyde Induces Neurotoxicity In Vitro via Oxidative Stress- and Ca 2+ Imbalance-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2593742. [PMID: 30728884 PMCID: PMC6343137 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2593742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive drinking can damage brain tissue and cause cognitive dysfunction. Studies have found that the early stage of neurodegenerative disease is closely related to heavy drinking. Acetaldehyde (ADE) is the main toxic metabolite of alcohol. However, the exact mechanisms of ADE-induced neurotoxicity are not fully clear. In this article, we studied the cytotoxic effect of ADE in HT22 cells and primary cultured cortical neuronal cells. We found that ADE exhibited cytotoxicities against HT22 cells and primary cultured cortical neuronal cells in dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, ADE induced apoptosis of HT22 cells by upregulating the expression of caspase family proapoptotic proteins. Moreover, ADE treatment could significantly increase the intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in HT22 cells. ADE upregulated ERS-related CHOP expression dose-dependently in primary cultured cortical neuronal cells. In addition, inhibition of ROS with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reduced the accumulation of ROS and reversed ADE-induced increase of ERS-related protein and apoptosis-related protein levels. Mitigation of ERS with ERS inhibitor 4-PBA obviously suppressed ADE-induced apoptosis and the expression of ERS-related proteins. Therefore, ADE induces neurotoxicity of HT22 cells via oxidative stress- and Ca2+ imbalance-mediated ERS.
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Koletzko B, Cremer M, Flothkötter M, Graf C, Hauner H, Hellmers C, Kersting M, Krawinkel M, Przyrembel H, Röbl-Mathieu M, Schiffner U, Vetter K, Weißenborn A, Wöckel A. Diet and Lifestyle Before and During Pregnancy - Practical Recommendations of the Germany-wide Healthy Start - Young Family Network. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018; 78:1262-1282. [PMID: 30655650 PMCID: PMC6294644 DOI: 10.1055/a-0713-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise before and during pregnancy affect the course of the pregnancy, the child's development and the short- and long-term health of mother and child. The Healthy Start - Young Family Network has updated the recommendations on nutrition in pregnancy that first appeared in 2012 and supplemented them with recommendations on a preconception lifestyle. The recommendations address body weight before conception, weight gain in pregnancy, energy and nutritional requirements and diet (including a vegetarian/vegan diet), the supplements folic acid/folate, iodine, iron and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protection against food-borne illnesses, physical activity before and during pregnancy, alcohol, smoking, caffeinated drinks, oral and dental hygiene and the use of medicinal products. Preparation for breast-feeding is recommended already during pregnancy. Vaccination recommendations for women planning a pregnancy are also included. These practical recommendations of the Germany-wide Healthy Start - Young Family Network are intended to assist all professional groups that counsel women and couples wishing to have children and during pregnancy with uniform, scientifically-based and practical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, LMU – Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde e. V. (DGKJ), Berlin, Germany
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Cremer
- Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben/Bundeszentrum für Ernährung (BZfE) in der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Flothkötter
- Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben/Bundeszentrum für Ernährung (BZfE) in der Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Graf
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Lehrstuhl für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Hellmers
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Hochschule Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft e. V. (DGHWi), Münster, Germany
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Forschungsdepartment Kinderernährung, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Krawinkel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e. V. (DGE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hildegard Przyrembel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Röbl-Mathieu
- Mitglied der Ständigen Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut (STIKO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schiffner
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung und Präventive Zahnheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderzahnheilkunde e. V. (DGKiZ), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Vetter
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Nationale Stillkommission, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Weißenborn
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Mitglied im wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Netzwerks Gesund ins Leben, Bonn, Germany
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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48
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Xu S, Zhu W, Wan Y, Wang J, Chen X, Pi L, Lobo MK, Ren B, Ying Z, Morris M, Cao Q. Decreased Taurine and Creatine in the Thalamus May Relate to Behavioral Impairments in Ethanol-Fed Mice: A Pilot Study of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012117749051. [PMID: 29318932 PMCID: PMC5768247 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117749051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is highly prevalent, observed in up to 80% of patients with liver dysfunction. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is defined as hepatic encephalopathy with cognitive deficits and no grossly evident neurologic abnormalities. Clinical management may be delayed due to the lack of in vivo quantitative methods needed to reveal changes in brain neurobiochemical biomarkers. To gain insight into the development of alcoholic liver disease–induced neurological dysfunction (NDF), a mouse model of late-stage alcoholic liver fibrosis (LALF) was used to investigate changes in neurochemical levels in the thalamus and hippocampus that relate to behavioral changes. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain and behavioral testing were performed to determine neurochemical alterations and their relationships to behavioral changes in LALF. Glutamine levels were higher in both the thalamus and hippocampus of alcohol-treated mice than in controls. Thalamic levels of taurine and creatine were significantly diminished and strongly correlated with alcohol-induced behavioral changes. Chronic long-term alcohol consumption gives rise to advanced liver fibrosis, neurochemical changes in the nuclei, and behavioral changes which may be linked to NDF. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a sensitive and noninvasive measurement of pathological alterations in the brain, which may provide insight into the pathogenesis underlying the development of MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xu
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yamin Wan
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - JiaBei Wang
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- 4 McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- 5 The Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- 6 Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bin Ren
- 7 Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- 8 The Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Morris
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Uchechukwu D, Ezeudensi KL, Adejumo BI, Ewenighi CO, Besong EE, Umahi GO, Eteudo AN, Uneze B. Interactive effects of alcohol and chloroquine on hematologic profile of Wistar rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:537-543. [PMID: 29648997 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThere is paucity of information on the adverse effects of alcohol – chloroquine interaction on hematological parameters. To investigate the effects of concurrent administration of chloroquine and ethanol on hematologic parameters of adult Wistar rats and the ameliorative role of vitamin B12and folic acid supplementation on any adverse effects.MethodsSome 30 adult Wistar rats weighing 120–200 g were assigned to six major groups of five rats each according to their weights. The control group A was fed with normal rat chow and water. The experimental groups B–F were administered with drugs for a period of 7 days as follows: B (chloroquine only); C (ethanol only); D (chloroquine+ethanol); E (chloroquine+ethanol+vitamin B12); and F (chloroquine+ethanol+vitamin B12+folic acid). Blood samples were collected from each animal by cardiac puncture to determine red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH). Liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed to test for liver function.ResultsGroup D indicated lower PCV, Hb, MCV, MCH, and greater WBC compared with control. Group E indicated greater (p<0.05) PCV, Hb, and RBC compared with Group D. Greater (p<0.05) MCV and MCH, and lower WBC and RBC were observed in Group F compared with Group D. Furthermore, Group D rats indicated greater (p<0.05) mean AST and ALT compared with Groups A, E, and F.ConclusionsConcurrent administration of chloroquine and alcohol indicated adverse effects on hematologic parameters of Wistar rats. The administration of vitamin B12and folic acid appeared to ameliorate these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimkpa Uchechukwu
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B. 5025, Anambra State, Nnewi, Nigeria, Phone: +234-07037362106
| | - Kelechi Loveth Ezeudensi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bright Uneze
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nnewi, Nigeria
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50
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Labisso WL, Raulin AC, Nwidu LL, Kocon A, Wayne D, Erdozain AM, Morentin B, Schwendener D, Allen G, Enticott J, Gerdes HK, Johnson L, Grzeskowiak J, Drizou F, Tarbox R, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK, Callado LF, Carter WG. The Loss of α- and β-Tubulin Proteins Are a Pathological Hallmark of Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Natural Brain Ageing. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8090175. [PMID: 30208635 PMCID: PMC6162390 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8090175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive excessive alcohol intoxication leads to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. We examined cytoskeletal protein expression in human post-mortem tissue from Brodmann's area 9 of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Brain samples from 44 individuals were divided into equal groups of 11 control, 11 alcoholic, 11 non-alcoholic suicides, and 11 suicide alcoholics matched for age, sex, and post-mortem delay. Tissue from alcoholic cohorts displayed significantly reduced expression of α- and β-tubulins, and increased levels of acetylated α-tubulin. Protein levels of histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6), and the microtubule-associated proteins MAP-2 and MAP-tau were reduced in alcoholic cohorts, although for MAPs this was not significant. Tubulin gene expressions increased in alcoholic cohorts but not significantly. Brains from rats administered alcohol for 4 weeks also displayed significantly reduced tubulin protein levels and increased α-tubulin acetylation. PFC tissue from control subjects had reduced tubulin protein expression that was most notable from the sixth to the eighth decade of life. Collectively, loss of neuronal tubulin proteins are a hallmark of both chronic alcohol consumption and natural brain ageing. The reduction of cytosolic tubulin proteins could contribute to the brain volumetric losses reported for alcoholic patients and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajana L Labisso
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
- School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia.
| | - Ana-Caroline Raulin
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
- École nationale supérieure de chimie de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Lucky L Nwidu
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500262, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Artur Kocon
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Declan Wayne
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Amaia M Erdozain
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa-Erandio 48940, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Benito Morentin
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Basque Institute of Legal Medicine, Bilbao 48001, Spain.
| | - Daniela Schwendener
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - George Allen
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Jack Enticott
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Henry K Gerdes
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Laura Johnson
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - John Grzeskowiak
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Fryni Drizou
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Rebecca Tarbox
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Luis F Callado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa-Erandio 48940, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Wayne G Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
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