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Yu C, Liu J, Sakurai R, Wang Y, Afrose L, Gour A, Sharma A, Chandan G, Rehan VK. Perinatal nicotine vaping exposure induces pro-myofibroblastic phenotype in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 129:108673. [PMID: 39059775 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Perinatal nicotine exposure via tobacco smoking results in increased proclivity to chronic lung disease (CLD); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We previously demonstrated that in addition to nicotine's direct effects on the developing lung, there are also adverse molecular alterations in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which are vital to lung injury repair. Whether perinatal nicotine exposure via electronic-cigarette (e-cig) vaping also adversely affects BMSCs is unknown. This is highly relevant due to marked increase in e-cig vaping including by pregnant women. Hypothesizing that perinatal nicotine exposure via e-cig vaping predisposes BMSCs to a pro-myofibroblastic phenotype, pregnant rat dams were exposed to fresh air (control), vehicle (e-cig without nicotine), or e-cig (e-cig with nicotine) daily during pregnancy and lactation. At postnatal day 21, offspring BMSCs were isolated and studied for cell proliferation, migration, wound healing response, and expression of key Wnt and PPARγ signaling intermediates (β-catenin, LEF-1, PPARγ, ADRP and C/EBPα) and myogenic markers (fibronectin, αSMA, calponin) proteins using immunoblotting. Compared to controls, perinatal e-cig exposure resulted in significant decrease in BMSC proliferation, migration, and wound healing response. The expression of key Wnt signaling intermediates (β-catenin, LEF-1) and myogenic markers (fibronectin, αSMA, calponin) increased significantly, while PPARγ signaling intermediates (PPARγ, ADRP, and C/EBPα) decreased significantly. Based on these data, we conclude that perinatally e-cig exposed BMSCs demonstrate pro-myofibroblastic phenotype and impaired injury-repair potential, indicating a potentially similar susceptibility to CLD following perinatal nicotine exposure via vaping as seen following parenteral perinatal nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute of Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute of Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Reiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute of Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute of Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Leela Afrose
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute of Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Abhishek Gour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gourav Chandan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute of Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute of Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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Asharam K, Mitku AAA, Ramsay L, Jeena PM, Naidoo RN. Environmental exposures associated with early childhood recurrent wheezing in the mother and child in the environment birth cohort: a time-to-event study. Thorax 2024:thorax-2023-221150. [PMID: 38964859 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-221150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal factors and environmental exposures contribute to recurrent wheezing in early childhood. AIM To identify antenatal and environmental factors associated with recurrent wheezing in children from birth to 48 months in the mother and child in the environment cohort, using time-to-event analysis. METHOD Maternal interviews were administered during pregnancy and postnatally and children were followed up from birth to 48 months (May 2013-October 2019). Hybrid land-use regression and dispersion modelling described residential antenatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter of 2.5 µm diameter (PM2.5). Wheezing status was assessed by a clinician. The Kaplan-Meier hazard function and Cox-proportional hazard models provided estimates of risk, adjusting for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), maternal smoking, biomass fuel use and indoor environmental factors. RESULTS Among 520 mother-child pairs, 85 (16%) children, had a single wheeze episode and 57 (11%) had recurrent wheeze. Time to recurrent wheeze (42.9 months) and single wheeze (37.8 months) among children exposed to biomass cooking fuels was significantly shorter compared with children with mothers using electricity (45.9 and 38.9 months, respectively (p=0.03)). Children with mothers exposed to antenatal ETS were 3.8 times more likely to have had recurrent wheeze compared with those not exposed (adjusted HR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 10.7). Mean birth month NO2 was significantly higher among the recurrent wheeze category compared with those without wheeze. NO2 and PM2.5 were associated with a 2%-4% adjusted increased wheezing risk. CONCLUSION Control of exposure to ETS and biomass fuels in the antenatal period is likely to delay the onset of recurrent wheeze in children from birth to 48 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareshma Asharam
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aweke A Abebaw Mitku
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Lisa Ramsay
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prakash Mohan Jeena
- Discipline of Paediatric and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Zazara DE, Giannou O, Schepanski S, Pagenkemper M, Giannou AD, Pincus M, Belios I, Bonn S, Muntau AC, Hecher K, Diemert A, Arck PC. Fetal lung growth predicts the risk for early-life respiratory infections and childhood asthma. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:481-495. [PMID: 38261172 PMCID: PMC11136800 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life respiratory infections and asthma are major health burdens during childhood. Markers predicting an increased risk for early-life respiratory diseases are sparse. Here, we identified the predictive value of ultrasound-monitored fetal lung growth for the risk of early-life respiratory infections and asthma. METHODS Fetal lung size was serially assessed at standardized time points by transabdominal ultrasound in pregnant women participating in a pregnancy cohort. Correlations between fetal lung growth and respiratory infections in infancy or early-onset asthma at five years were examined. Machine-learning models relying on extreme gradient boosting regressor or classifier algorithms were developed to predict respiratory infection or asthma risk based on fetal lung growth. For model development and validation, study participants were randomly divided into a training and a testing group, respectively, by the employed algorithm. RESULTS Enhanced fetal lung growth throughout pregnancy predicted a lower early-life respiratory infection risk. Male sex was associated with a higher risk for respiratory infections in infancy. Fetal lung growth could also predict the risk of asthma at five years of age. We designed three machine-learning models to predict the risk and number of infections in infancy as well as the risk of early-onset asthma. The models' R2 values were 0.92, 0.90 and 0.93, respectively, underscoring a high accuracy and agreement between the actual and predicted values. Influential variables included known risk factors and novel predictors, such as ultrasound-monitored fetal lung growth. CONCLUSION Sonographic monitoring of fetal lung growth allows to predict the risk for early-life respiratory infections and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra E Zazara
- Division for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olympia Giannou
- Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, Polytechnic School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Steven Schepanski
- Division for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Pincus
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Pneumology Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioannis Belios
- Division for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, ZMNH, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ania C Muntau
- University Children's Hospital, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- Division for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, UKE, Hamburg, Germany.
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Barrio E, Lerma-Puertas D, Jaulín-Pueyo JJ, Labarta JI, Gascón-Catalán A. Epigenetic modifications in the ferroptosis pathway in cord blood cells from newborns of smoking mothers and their influence on fetal growth. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108581. [PMID: 38552991 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant capacity in newborns. Uncontrolled oxidative stress plays a role in fetal development disorders and in adverse perinatal outcomes. In order to identify molecular pathways involved in low fetal growth, epigenetic modifications in newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers were examined. Low birth weight newborns of mothers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day during the first trimester of pregnancy and normal birth weight newborns of mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy were included in the study. DNA was extracted from umbilical cord blood of term newborns. 125 differentially methylated regions were identified by MeDIP-Seq. Functional analysis revealed several pathways, such as ferroptosis, that were enriched in differentially methylated genes after prenatal smoke exposure. GPX4 and PCBP1 were found to be hypermethylated and associated with low fetal growth. These epigenetic modifications in ferroptosis pathway genes in newborns of smoking mothers can potentially contribute to intrauterine growth restriction through the induction of cell death via lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. The identification of epigenetic modifications in the ferroptosis pathway sheds light on the potential mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of low birth weight in infants born to smoking mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Barrio
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Lerma-Puertas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Clínico Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Javier Jaulín-Pueyo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Labarta
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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Wu J, Meng W, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Xiong R, Wang J, Zhao R, Zeng H, Chen Y. Early smoking lead to worse prognosis of COPD patients: a real world study. Respir Res 2024; 25:140. [PMID: 38528530 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking remains a major risk factor for the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to the adolescent smoking associated with worse health state, the age, at which an individual started smoking, might play a key role in shaping the trajectory of COPD development and the severity. METHODS We conducted an observational study from September 2016 through January 2023 of eligible patients hospitalized with COPD. Patients who started smoking during the alveolar development stage (ADS, smoking initiation ≤ 24 years old) were defined as early smoking patients, and patients who started smoking after ADS (smoking initiation > 24 years old) were defined as late smoking patients. We collected demographic and clinical data characterizing the patients and documented their condition from hospital discharge to follow-up. The primary endpoints were short-term (within one year), 3-year, and long-term (beyond 3 years) all-cause mortality after discharge. RESULTS Among 697 COPD patients, early smoking patients had a lower smoking cessation rate (P < 0.001) and a higher smoking index (P < 0.001) than late smoking patients. Although adjusted smoking index, early smoking patients still had poorer lung function (P = 0.023), thicker left ventricular diameters (P = 0.003), higher frequency of triple therapy use during stable stage (P = 0.049), and more acute exacerbations in the past year before enrollment (P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that they had a higher risk of death after discharge within three years (P = 0.004) and beyond three years (P < 0.001). Furthermore, even in early smoking COPD patients who quit smoking after adjusting the smoking index had poorer lung function (P < 0.05) and thicker left ventricular diameters (P = 0.003), and survival analysis also showed that they had a higher long-term mortality rate (P = 0.010) and shorter survival time (P = 0.0128). CONCLUSION Early smoking COPD patients exhibited multiple adverse clinical outcomes, including heavy cigarette addiction, compromised pulmonary function, augmented left ventricular diameter, and elevated mortality risk. Additional, smoking cessation could not bring enough improvement of health state in early smoking COPD patients as late smoking COPD patients. Consequently, early intervention and specialized cessation approaches for younger smokers are of paramount importance in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyan Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Borkar NA, Thompson MA, Bartman CM, Khalfaoui L, Sine S, Sathish V, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. Nicotinic receptors in airway disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L149-L163. [PMID: 38084408 PMCID: PMC11280694 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With continued smoking of tobacco products and expanded use of nicotine delivery devices worldwide, understanding the impact of smoking and vaping on respiratory health remains a major global unmet need. Although multiple studies have shown a strong association between smoking and asthma, there is a relative paucity of mechanistic understanding of how elements in cigarette smoke impact the airway. Recognizing that nicotine is a major component in both smoking and vaping products, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which nicotine impacts airways and promotes lung diseases such as asthma. There is now increasing evidence that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are critical players in nicotine effects on airways, but the mechanisms by which α7nAChR influences different airway cell types have not been widely explored. In this review, we highlight and integrate the current state of knowledge regarding nicotine and α7nAChR in the context of asthma and identify potential approaches to alleviate the impact of smoking and vaping on the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Latifa Khalfaoui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Steven Sine
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Tasijawa O, Lameky VY. The Relationship Between Personal Factors, Smoke Exposure at Home, and Respiratory Problems in Early Childhood in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand [Letter]. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3715-3716. [PMID: 38050485 PMCID: PMC10693775 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s450520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oci Tasijawa
- Book Publisher, Ghema Berkat Abadi, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia
| | - Vernando Yanry Lameky
- Department of Nursing, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Maluku, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia
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Xu F, Zhao L, Zhuang J, Gao X. Peripheral Neuroplasticity of Respiratory Chemoreflexes, Induced by Prenatal Nicotinic Exposure: Implication for SIDS. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 313:104053. [PMID: 37019251 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) occurs during sleep in seemingly healthy infants. Maternal cigarette smoking and hypoxemia during sleep are assumed to be the major causal factors. Depressed hypoxic ventilatory response (dHVR) is observed in infants with high risk of SIDS, and apneas (lethal ventilatory arrest) appear during the fatal episode of SIDS. Disturbance of the respiratory center has been proposed to be involved, but the pathogenesis of SIDS is still not fully understood. Peripherally, the carotid body is critical to generate HVR, and bronchopulmonary and superior laryngeal C-fibers (PCFs and SLCFs) are important for triggering central apneas; however, their roles in the pathogenesis of SIDS have not been explored until recently. There are three lines of recently accumulated evidence to show the disorders of peripheral sensory afferent-mediated respiratory chemoreflexes in rat pups with prenatal nicotinic exposure (a SIDS model) in which acute severe hypoxia leads to dHVR followed by lethal apneas. (1) The carotid body-mediated HVR is suppressed with a reduction of the number and sensitivity of glomus cells. (2) PCF-mediated apneic response is largely prolonged via increased PCF density, pulmonary IL-1β and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) release, along with the enhanced expression of TRPV1, NK1R, IL1RI and 5-HT3R in pulmonary C-neurons to strengthen these neural responses to capsaicin, a selective stimulant to C-fibers. (3) SLCF-mediated apnea and capsaicin-induced currents in superior laryngeal C-neurons are augmented by upregulation of TRPV1 expression in these neurons. These results, along with hypoxic sensitization/stimulation of PCFs, gain insight into the mechanisms of prenatal nicotinic exposure-induced peripheral neuroplasticity responsible for dHVR and long-lasting apnea during hypoxia in rat pups. Therefore, in addition to the disturbance in the respiratory center, the disorders of peripheral sensory afferent-mediated chemoreflexes may also be involved in respiratory failure and death denoted in SIDS victims.
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Silva-Ribeiro T, Coelho E, Genisheva Z, Oliveira JM, Correia-Pinto J, Sampaio P, Moura RS. Comparative study of e-cigarette aerosol and cigarette smoke effect on ex vivo embryonic chick lung explants. Toxicol Lett 2023; 376:13-19. [PMID: 36638931 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette usage has significantly expanded among young people and pregnant women in the last decade. Although there are already some data regarding the short- and long-term consequences of e-cigarettes on human health, their effect on embryo and lung development still needs to be fully disclosed. In this sense, this study describes, for the first time, the impact of electronic cigarette aerosol on early lung development. For this purpose, ex vivo chick (Gallus gallus) embryonic lungs were cultured in vitro for 48 h in e-cigarette aerosol exposed-medium or unexposed medium. Chick lung explants were also cultured in a cigarette smoke-exposed medium for comparison purposes. Lung explants were morphologically analyzed to assess the impact on lung growth. Additionally, TNF-α levels were determined in the supernatant as a marker of pro-inflammatory response. The results suggest that electronic cigarette aerosol impairs lung growth and promotes lung inflammation. However, its impact on early lung growth seems less detrimental than conventional cigarette smoke. This work provides significant data regarding the impact of e-cig aerosol, adding to the efforts to fully understand its effect on embryo development. The validation of these effects may eventually lead to new tobacco control recommendations for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Coelho
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Zlatina Genisheva
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - José M Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Sampaio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rute S Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
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10
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Ding Z, Pang L, Chai H, Li F, Wu M. The causal association between maternal smoking around birth on childhood asthma: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1059195. [PMID: 36408054 PMCID: PMC9670139 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1059195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal relationship between maternal smoking around birth and childhood asthma using Mendelian randomization (MR). Using the data from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we selected independent genetic loci closely related to maternal smoking around birth and maternal diseases as instrumental variables and used MR methods. In this study, we considered the inverse variance weighted method (MR-IVW), weighted median method, and MR-Egger regression. We investigated the causal relationship between maternal smoking around birth and maternal diseases in childhood asthma using the odds ratio (OR) as an evaluation index. Multivariable MR (MVMR) included maternal history of Alzheimer's disease, illnesses of the mother: high blood pressure and illnesses of the mother: heart diseaseas covariates to address potential confounding. Sensitivity analyses were evaluated for weak instrument bias and pleiotropic effects. It was shown with the MR-IVW results that maternal smoking around birth increased the risk of childhood asthma by 1.5% (OR = 1.0150, 95% CI: 1.0018-1.0283). After the multivariable MR method was used to correct for relevant covariates, the association effect between maternal smoking around birth and childhood asthma was still statistically significant (P < 0.05). Maternal smoking around birth increases the risk of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ding
- Department of Neonatology, Shanxi Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Lei Pang
| | - Hongqiang Chai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital), Taiyuan, China
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11
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Wang H, Liu J, Gao J, Yan W, Rehan VK. Perinatal Exposure to Nicotine Alters Sperm RNA Profiles in Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:893863. [PMID: 35600600 PMCID: PMC9114732 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.893863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to smoking has been associated with childhood asthma, one of the most common pediatric conditions affecting millions of children globally. Of great interest, this disease phenotype appears heritable as it can persist across multiple generations even in the absence of persistent exposure to smoking in subsequent generations. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying childhood asthma induced by perinatal exposure to smoking or nicotine remain elusive, an epigenetic mechanism has been proposed, which is supported by the data from our earlier analyses on germline DNA methylation (5mC) and histone marks (H3 and H4 acetylation). To further investigate the potential epigenetic inheritance of childhood asthma induced by perinatal nicotine exposure, we profiled both large and small RNAs in the sperm of F1 male rats. Our data revealed that perinatal exposure to nicotine leads to alterations in the profiles of sperm-borne RNAs, including mRNAs and small RNAs, and that rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, can attenuate the effect of nicotine and reverse the sperm-borne RNA profiles of F1 male rats to close to placebo control levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Jianjun Gao
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wei Yan, ; Virender K. Rehan,
| | - Virender K. Rehan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wei Yan, ; Virender K. Rehan,
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12
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Bush A. Impact of early life exposures on respiratory disease. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 40:24-32. [PMID: 34144911 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antecedents of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lie before school age. Adverse effects are transgenerational, antenatal and in the preschool years. Antenatal adverse effects impair spirometry by causing low birth weight, altered lung structure and immune function, and sensitizing the foetus to later insults. The key stages of normal lung health are lung function at birth, lung growth to a plateau age 20-25 years, and the phase of decline thereafter; contrary to perceived wisdom, accelerated decline is not related to smoking. There are different trajectories of lung function. Lung function usually tracks from preschool to late middle age. Asthma is driven by antenatal and early life influences. The airflow obstruction, emphysema and multi-morbidity of COPD all start early. Failure to reach a normal plateau and accelerated decline in lung function are risk factors for COPD. Airway disease cannot be prevented in adult life; prevention must start early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bush
- Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Imperial College, UK; Imperial Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, UK; Consultant Paediatric Chest Physician, Royal Brompton Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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13
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Accordini S, Calciano L, Johannessen A, Benediktsdóttir B, Bertelsen RJ, Bråbäck L, Dharmage SC, Forsberg B, Gómez Real F, Holloway JW, Holm M, Janson C, Jõgi NO, Jõgi R, Malinovschi A, Marcon A, Martínez-Moratalla Rovira J, Sánchez-Ramos JL, Schlünssen V, Torén K, Jarvis D, Svanes C. Prenatal and prepubertal exposures to tobacco smoke in men may cause lower lung function in future offspring: a three-generation study using a causal modelling approach. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:2002791. [PMID: 33795316 PMCID: PMC8529197 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02791-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic research suggests that lifestyle and environmental factors impact respiratory health across generations by epigenetic changes transmitted through male germ cells. Evidence from studies on humans is very limited.We investigated multigeneration causal associations to estimate the causal effects of tobacco smoking on lung function within the paternal line. We analysed data from 383 adult offspring (age 18-47 years; 52.0% female) and their 274 fathers, who had participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)/Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study and had provided valid measures of pre-bronchodilator lung function. Two counterfactual-based, multilevel mediation models were developed with: paternal grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy and fathers' smoking initiation in prepuberty as exposures; fathers' forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), or FEV1/FVC z-scores as potential mediators (proxies of unobserved biological mechanisms that are true mediators); and offspring's FEV1 and FVC, or FEV1/FVC z-scores as outcomes. All effects were summarised as differences (Δ) in expected z-scores related to fathers' and grandmothers' smoking history.Fathers' smoking initiation in prepuberty had a negative direct effect on both offspring's FEV1 (Δz-score -0.36, 95% CI -0.63- -0.10) and FVC (-0.50, 95% CI -0.80- -0.20) compared with fathers' never smoking. Paternal grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy had a negative direct effect on fathers' FEV1/FVC (-0.57, 95% CI -1.09- -0.05) and a negative indirect effect on offspring's FEV1/FVC (-0.12, 95% CI -0.21- -0.03) compared with grandmothers' not smoking before fathers' birth nor during fathers' childhood.Fathers' smoking in prepuberty and paternal grandmothers' smoking in pregnancy may cause lower lung function in offspring. Our results support the concept that lifestyle-related exposures during these susceptibility periods influence the health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Equal contribution as first authors
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Equal contribution as first authors
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Dept of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen
- Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway/Vestland, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Section of Sustainable Health, Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Section of Sustainable Health, Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Dept of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils O Jõgi
- Dept of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rain Jõgi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Dept of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Dept of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jesús Martínez-Moratalla Rovira
- Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA), Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | - Kjell Torén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Equal contribution as last authors
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Dept of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Equal contribution as last authors
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14
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The First 1000 Days: Impact of Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Hospitalization Due to Preschool Wheezing. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9081089. [PMID: 34442226 PMCID: PMC8391353 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preschool wheezing and related hospitalization rates are increasing. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure (PTSE) increases the risk of wheezing, yet >20% of French women smoke during pregnancy. In this observational retrospective monocentric study, we assessed the link between PTSE and hospital admissions. We included infants <2 years of age admitted for acute wheezing. A phone interview with mothers was completed by electronic records. The primary endpoint was the ratio of cumulative duration of the hospitalization stays (days)/age (months). 129 children were included (36.4% exposed to PTSE vs. 63.6% unexposed). There was a significant difference in the duration of hospitalization/age: 0.9 days/month (exposed) vs. 0.58 days/month (unexposed) (p = 0.008). Smoking one cigarette/day during pregnancy was associated with an increase in hospitalization duration of 0.055 days/month (r = 0.238, p = 0.006). In the multi-variable analysis, this positive association persisted (β = 0.04, p = 0.04; standardized β = 0.27, p = 0.03). There was a trend towards a dose-effect relationship between PTSE and other important parameters associated with hospital admissions. We have demonstrated a dose-effect relationship, without a threshold effect, between PTSE and duration of hospitalization for wheezing in non-premature infants during the first 2 years of life. Prevention campaigns for future mothers should be enforced.
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15
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Altintaş A, Liu J, Fabre O, Chuang TD, Wang Y, Sakurai R, Chehabi GN, Barrès R, Rehan VK. Perinatal exposure to nicotine alters spermatozoal DNA methylation near genes controlling nicotine action. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21702. [PMID: 34153130 PMCID: PMC9231556 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100215r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal smoke/nicotine exposure alters lung development and causes asthma in exposed offspring, transmitted transgenerationally. The mechanism underlying the transgenerational inheritance of perinatal smoke/nicotine-induced asthma remains unknown, but germline epigenetic modulations may play a role. Using a well-established rat model of perinatal nicotine-induced asthma, we determined the DNA methylation pattern of spermatozoa of F1 rats exposed perinatally to nicotine in F0 gestation. To identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs), reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was performed on spermatozoa of F1 litters. The top regulated gene body and promoter DMRs were tested for lung gene expression levels, and key proteins involved in lung development and repair were determined. The overall CpG methylation in F1 sperms across gene bodies, promoters, 5'-UTRs, exons, introns, and 3'-UTRs was not affected by nicotine exposure. However, the methylation levels were different between the different genomic regions. Eighty one CpG sites, 16 gene bodies, and 3 promoter regions were differentially methylated. Gene enrichment analysis of DMRs revealed pathways involved in oxidative stress, nicotine response, alveolar and brain development, and cellular signaling. Among the DMRs, Dio1 and Nmu were the most hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes, respectively. Gene expression analysis showed that the mRNA expression and DNA methylation were incongruous. Key proteins involved in lung development and repair were significantly different (FDR < 0.05) between the nicotine and placebo-treated groups. Our data show that DNA methylation is remodeled in offspring spermatozoa upon perinatal nicotine exposure. These epigenetic alterations may play a role in transgenerational inheritance of perinatal smoke/nicotine induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Altintaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Liu
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-ULCA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Odile Fabre
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tsai-Der Chuang
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-ULCA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-ULCA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Reiko Sakurai
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-ULCA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Galal Nazih Chehabi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Virender K. Rehan
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-ULCA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
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16
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Bush A, Ferkol T, Valiulis A, Mazur A, Chkhaidze I, Maglakelidze T, Sargsyan S, Boyajyan G, Cirstea O, Doan S, Katilov O, Pokhylko V, Dubey L, Poluziorovienė E, Prokopčiuk N, Taminskienė V, Valiulis A. Unfriendly Fire: How the Tobacco Industry is Destroying the Future of Our Children. Acta Med Litu 2021; 28:6-18. [PMID: 34393624 PMCID: PMC8311841 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2020.28.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco has long been known to be one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in the adults, but the effects on the foetus and young children, which are lifelong, have been less well appreciated. Developing from this are electronic nicotine delivery systems or vapes, promulgated as being less harmful than tobacco. Nicotine itself is toxic to the foetus, with permanent effects on lung structure and function. Most vapes contain nicotine, but they also contain many other compounds which are inhaled and for which there are no toxicity studies. They also contain known toxic substances, whose use is banned by European Union legislation. Accelerating numbers of young people are vaping, and this does not reflect an exchange of vapes for cigarettes. The acute toxicity of e-cigarettes is greater than that of tobacco, and includes acute lung injury, pulmonary haemorrhage and eosinophilic and lipoid pneumonia. Given the worse acute toxicity, it should be impossible to be complacent about medium and long term effects of vaping. Laboratory studies have demonstrated changes in lung proteomics and the innate immune system with vaping, some but not all of which overlap with tobacco. It would be wrong to consider vapes as a weaker form of tobacco, they have their own toxicity. Children and young people are being targeted by the vaping industry (which is largely the same as the tobacco industry), including on-line, and unless an efficient legislative program is put in place, a whole new generation of nicotine addicts will result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bush
- Imperial College Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, London, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
Royal Brompton Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Ferkol
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Algirdas Valiulis
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Artur Mazur
- Medical College of Rzeszow University, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ivane Chkhaidze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Paediatrics, Tbilisi, Georgia
Iashvili Central Children’s Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamaz Maglakelidze
- Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Pulmonology, Tbilisi, Georgia
Chapidze Emergency Cardiology Center, Tbilisi, Georgia Planning Committee of Global Initiative Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO GARD), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Sargsyan
- Arabkir Medical Centre, Instutute of Child and Adolescent Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gevorg Boyajyan
- Arabkir Medical Centre, Instutute of Child and Adolescent Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Olga Cirstea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Department of Paediatrics, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Svitlana Doan
- Kyiv Medical University, Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Valeriy Pokhylko
- Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, Department of Paediatrics, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Leonid Dubey
- Lviv National Medical University by Danylo Galytsky, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Edita Poluziorovienė
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nina Prokopčiuk
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Taminskienė
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Valiulis
- Vilnius University Medical Faculty Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
Vilnius University Medical Faculty Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
Planning Committee of Global Initiative Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (WHO GARD), Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Untargeted Urinary Metabolomics and Children's Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: The Influence of Individual Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020710. [PMID: 33467557 PMCID: PMC7830063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a severe public health problem. There is still a lack of evidence regarding panoramic changes in children’s urinary metabolites induced by their involuntary exposure to SHS, and few studies have considered individual differences. This study aims to clarify the SHS-induced changes in urinary metabolites in preschool children by using cross-sectional and longitudinal metabolomics analyses. Urinary metabolites were quantified by using untargeted ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC(c)-MS/MS). Urine cotinine-measured SHS exposure was examined to determine the exposure level. A cross-sectional study including 17 children in a low-exposure group, 17 in a medium-exposure group, and 17 in a high-exposure group was first conducted. Then, a before–after study in the cohort of children was carried out before and two months after smoking-cessation intervention for family smokers. A total of 43 metabolites were discovered to be related to SHS exposure in children in the cross-sectional analysis (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p < 0.05, variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1.0). Only three metabolites were confirmed to be positively associated with children’s exposure to SHS (FDR corrected p < 0.05) in a follow-up longitudinal analysis, including kynurenine, tyrosyl-tryptophan, and 1-(3-pyridinyl)-1,4-butanediol, the latter of which belongs to carbonyl compounds, peptides, and pyridines. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that 1-(3-pyridinyl)-1,4-butanediol and kynurenine were significantly enriched in xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 (p = 0.040) and tryptophan metabolism (p = 0.030), respectively. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of SHS and indicate the influence of individual differences in SHS-induced changes in urinary metabolites in children.
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18
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Jamshed L, Perono GA, Jamshed S, Holloway AC. Early Life Exposure to Nicotine: Postnatal Metabolic, Neurobehavioral and Respiratory Outcomes and the Development of Childhood Cancers. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:3-15. [PMID: 32766841 PMCID: PMC7850035 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences in the adult offspring. Nicotine replacement therapy and electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) have been developed as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and are considered safer alternatives for women to smoke during pregnancy. The safety of nicotine replacement therapy use during pregnancy has been evaluated in a limited number of short-term human trials, but there is currently no information on the long-term effects of developmental nicotine exposure in humans. However, animal studies suggest that nicotine alone may be a key chemical responsible for many of the long-term effects associated with maternal cigarette smoking on the offspring and increases the risk of adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, dysmetabolism, respiratory illness, and cancer. This review will examine the long-term effects of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure on postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Genevieve A Perono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Shanza Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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19
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He Z, Wu H, Zhang S, Lin Y, Li R, Xie L, Li Z, Sun W, Huang X, Zhang CJP, Ming WK. The association between secondhand smoke and childhood asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:2518-2531. [PMID: 32667747 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure can trigger asthma exacerbations in children. Different studies have linked increased asthma symptoms and even deaths in children with SHS, but the risk has not been quantified uniformly across studies. We aimed to investigate the role of SHS exposure as a risk factor of asthma among children. METHODS We performed a systematic review in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from June 1975 to 10 March 2020. We included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies reporting odds ratio (OR) or relative risk estimates and confidence intervals of all types of SHS exposure and childhood asthma. RESULTS Of the 26 970 studies identified, we included 93 eligible studies (42 cross-sectional, 41 cohort, and 10 case-control) in the meta-analysis. There were significantly positive associations between SHS exposure and doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-1.28), wheezing (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.23-1.32) and asthma-like syndrome (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.34-1.64). The funnel plots of all three outcomes skewed to the right, indicating that the studies generally favor a positive association of the disease with tobacco exposure. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that younger children tended to suffer more from developing doctor-diagnosed asthma, but older children (adolescents) suffered more from wheezing. There was no evidence of significant publication or small study bias using Egger's and Begg's tests. CONCLUSION The results show a positive association between prenatal and postnatal secondhand smoking exposure and the occurrence of childhood asthma, asthma-like syndrome, and wheezing. These results lend support to continued efforts to reduce childhood exposure to secondhand smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huailiang Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Lin
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijie Xie
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Casper J P Zhang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Liu J, Yu C, Doherty TM, Akbari O, Allard P, Rehan VK. Perinatal nicotine exposure-induced transgenerational asthma: Effects of reexposure in F1 gestation. FASEB J 2020; 34:11444-11459. [PMID: 32654256 PMCID: PMC7839813 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902386r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In a rat model, perinatal nicotine exposure results in an epigenetically driven multi- and trans-generationally transmitted asthmatic phenotype that tends to wane over successive generations. However, the effect of repeat nicotine exposure during the F1 (Filial 1) gestational period on the transmitted phenotype is unknown. Using a well-established rat model, we compared lung function, mesenchymal markers of airway reactivity, and global gonadal DNA methylation changes in F2 offspring in a sex-specific manner following perinatal exposure to nicotine in only the F0 gestation, in both F0 and F1 (F0/F1) gestations, and in neither (control group). Both F0 only and F0/F1 exposure groups showed an asthmatic phenotype, an effect that was more pronounced in the F0/F1 exposure group, especially in males. Testicular global DNA methylation increased, while ovarian global DNA methylation decreased in the F0/F1 exposed group. Since the offspring of smokers are more likely to smoke than the offspring of nonsmokers, this sets the stage for more severe asthma if both mother and grandmother had smoked during their pregnancies. Increased gonadal DNA methylation changes following nicotine reexposure in the F1 generation suggests that epigenetic mechanisms might well underlie the transgenerational inheritance of acquired phenotypic traits in general and nicotine-induced asthma in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics/Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Celia Yu
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Terence M. Doherty
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Allard
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Virender K. Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics/Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Torchin H, Le Lous M, Houdouin V. [In Utero Exposure to Maternal Smoking: Impact on the Child from Birth to Adulthood - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines for Smoking Management during Pregnancy]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2020; 48:567-577. [PMID: 32247092 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking during pregnancy leads to fetal passive smoking. It is associated with several obstetrical complications and is a major modifiable factor of maternal and fetal morbidity. Long-term consequences also exist but are less well known to health professionals and in the general population. METHODS Consultation of the Medline® database. RESULTS Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated in the offspring with sudden infant death syndrome (NP2), impaired lung function (NP2), lower respiratory infections and asthma (NP2), overweight and obesity (NP2), cancers (NP3), risk of tobacco use, nicotine dependence and early smoking initiation (NP2). Unadjusted analyses show associations between in utero tobacco exposure and cognitive deficits (NP3), impaired school performance (NP3) and behavioral disorders in children (NP2), which are in a large part explained by environmental factors. There is a cross-generational effect of smoking during pregnancy. For example, an increased risk of asthma is observed in the grandchildren of smoking women (NP4). The respective roles of ante- and post-natal smoking remain difficult to assess. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of prevention measures against tobacco use in the general population, as well as screening measures and support for smoking cessation before or at the beginning of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Torchin
- Service de médecine et réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm, INRA, université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - M Le Lous
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; LTSI-Inserm, université de Rennes 1, UMR 1099, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - V Houdouin
- Service de pneumologie, allergologie et CRCM pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Inserm UMR S 976, immunologie humaine, physiologie et immunothérapie, faculté Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
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22
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Byrnes CA, Trenholme A, Lawrence S, Aish H, Higham JA, Hoare K, Elborough A, McBride C, Le Comte L, McIntosh C, Chan Mow F, Jaksic M, Metcalfe R, Coomarasamy C, Leung W, Vogel A, Percival T, Mason H, Stewart J. Prospective community programme versus parent-driven care to prevent respiratory morbidity in children following hospitalisation with severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Thorax 2020; 75:298-305. [PMID: 32094154 PMCID: PMC7231446 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalisation with severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in early childhood is associated with ongoing respiratory symptoms and possible later development of bronchiectasis. We aimed to reduce this intermediate respiratory morbidity with a community intervention programme at time of discharge. METHODS This randomised, controlled, single-blind trial enrolled children aged <2 years hospitalised for severe LRTI to 'intervention' or 'control'. Intervention was three monthly community clinics treating wet cough with prolonged antibiotics referring non-responders. All other health issues were addressed, and health resilience behaviours were encouraged, with referrals for housing or smoking concerns. Controls followed the usual pathway of parent-initiated healthcare access. After 24 months, all children were assessed by a paediatrician blinded to randomisation for primary outcomes of wet cough, abnormal examination (crackles or clubbing) or chest X-ray Brasfield score ≤22. FINDINGS 400 children (203 intervention, 197 control) were enrolled in 2011-2012; mean age 6.9 months, 230 boys, 87% Maori/Pasifika ethnicity and 83% from the most deprived quintile. Final assessment of 321/400 (80.3%) showed no differences in presence of wet cough (33.9% intervention, 36.5% controls, relative risk (RR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.25), abnormal examination (21.7% intervention, 23.9% controls, RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.38) or Brasfield score ≤22 (32.4% intervention, 37.9% control, RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.17). Twelve (all intervention) were diagnosed with bronchiectasis within this timeframe. INTERPRETATION We have identified children at high risk of ongoing respiratory disease following hospital admission with severe LRTI in whom this intervention programme did not change outcomes over 2 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12610001095055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ann Byrnes
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Paediatric Respiratory Department, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adrian Trenholme
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, KidzFirst Hospital Middlemore, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shirley Lawrence
- Department of Paediatrics, KidzFirst Hospital Middlemore, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harley Aish
- Otara Family and Christian Health Centre, Otara, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Karen Hoare
- Greenstone Family Clinic, Manurewa, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Charissa McBride
- Department of Paediatrics, KidzFirst Hospital Middlemore, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lyndsay Le Comte
- Counties Manukau District Health Board, Middlemore Clinical Trials Unit, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christine McIntosh
- Department of Paediatrics, KidzFirst Hospital Middlemore, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Florina Chan Mow
- Department of Paediatrics, KidzFirst Hospital Middlemore, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mirjana Jaksic
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Paediatric Respiratory Department, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, KidzFirst Hospital Middlemore, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell Metcalfe
- Department of Radiology, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - William Leung
- Department of Health Economy, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alison Vogel
- Department of Paediatrics, KidzFirst Hospital Middlemore, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Teuila Percival
- Department of Paediatrics, KidzFirst Hospital Middlemore, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henare Mason
- Koawatea, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna Stewart
- Department of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Peixoto TC, Moura EG, Oliveira E, Younes-Rapozo V, Soares PN, Rodrigues VST, Torsoni MA, Torsoni AS, Manhães AC, Lisboa PC. Hypothalamic Neuropeptides Expression and Hypothalamic Inflammation in Adult Rats that Were Exposed to Tobacco Smoke during Breastfeeding: Sex-Related Differences. Neuroscience 2019; 418:69-81. [PMID: 31487543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus controls food intake and energy expenditure. In rats, maternal exposure to nicotine during breastfeeding alters the hypothalamic circuitry of the adult offspring, resulting in leptin resistance, neuropeptides changes and gliosis. Tobacco smoke exposure during lactation causes greater adiposity, hyperphagia and hyperleptinemia in the adult progeny. To understand the central mechanisms underlying the obese phenotype of adult rats that were directly and indirectly exposed to cigarette smoke during lactation, we investigated leptin signaling, orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides expression, as well as astrocyte and microglia markers in hypothalamus. From postnatal day (PND) 3 to 21, Wistar lactating rat dams and their pups were divided into two groups: SE, smoke-exposed in a cigarette-smoking machine (four times/day); Crtl, exposed to filtered air. Offspring of both sexes were euthanized at PND180. The leptin pathway was not altered in SE animals from both sexes. SE males showed increased NPY (arcuate nucleus, ARC), CRH (paraventricular nucleus, PVN), as well as higher GFAP fiber density (ARC and PVN) and IL6 protein content. TRH (PVN) immunohistochemistry was reduced. SE females had lower CART-positive cells (ARC) and lower α-MSH immunostaining intensity (PVN and lateral hypothalamus), with no change of GFAP or IL-6. The protein contents of CX3CR1 (marker of activated microglia) and α7nAChR (anti-inflammatory marker) were not altered in both SE males and females. Neonatal cigarette smoke is deleterious to the hypothalamic circuitry, inducing changes in energy homeostasis favoring hyperphagia and decreased energy expenditure at adulthood in both sexes; however sex-dependent mechanisms were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Peixoto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E G Moura
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V Younes-Rapozo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P N Soares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V S T Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M A Torsoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - A S Torsoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - A C Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P C Lisboa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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24
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Kuniyoshi KM, Rehan VK. The impact of perinatal nicotine exposure on fetal lung development and subsequent respiratory morbidity. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1270-1283. [PMID: 31580538 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy remains as a significant public health crisis as it did decades ago. Although its prevalence is decreasing in high-income countries, it has worsened globally, along with a concerning emergence of electronic-cigarette usage within the last two decades. Extensive epidemiologic and experimental evidence exists from both human and animal studies, demonstrating the detrimental long-term pulmonary outcomes in the offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Even secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure to the developing lung might be as or even more harmful than firsthand smoke exposure. Furthermore, these effects are not limited only to the exposed progeny, but can also be transmitted transgenerationally. There is compelling evidence to support that the majority of the effects of perinatal smoke exposure on the developing lung, including the transgenerational transmission of asthma, is mediated by nicotine. Nicotine exposure induces cell-specific molecular changes in lungs, which offers a unique opportunity to prevent, halt, and/or reverse the resultant damage through targeted molecular interventions. Experimentally, the proposed interventions, such as administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists can not only block but also potentially reverse the perinatal nicotine exposure-induced respiratory morbidity in the exposed offspring. However, the development of a safe and effective intervention is still many years away. In the meantime, electropuncture at specific acupoints appears to be emerging as a more practical and safe physiologic approach to block the harmful pulmonary consequences of perinatal nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kuniyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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25
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Greene RM, Pisano MM. Developmental toxicity of e-cigarette aerosols. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1294-1301. [PMID: 31400084 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy represents a major public health concern increasing the risk for low birth weight, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, fetal mortality, and morbidity. In an effort to diminish adverse developmental effects of exposure to cigarette smoking, pregnant women, and women of reproductive age, are increasingly turning to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-cigarettes, as an alternative. Given that health risks associated with ENDS use during pregnancy are largely unknown, there is an acute need to determine risks vs. benefits of e-cigarette use by pregnant women. While the most recent Surgeon General's Report on the "Health Consequences of Smoking" states that "the evidence is sufficient to infer that nicotine adversely affects maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, contributing to multiple adverse outcomes," it remains unclear whether use of ENDS represents a "safer alternative" to tobacco smoking during pregnancy. This is due, in part, to the lack of sufficient and conclusive evidence concerning whether or not maternal e-cigarette use adversely affects embryonic/fetal development. While several recent developmental studies have challenged the safety of nicotine inhalation via ENDS, the true risks of smoking e-cigarettes during the first trimester of pregnancy-the period of organogenesis-are largely unknown. Moreover, evidence is emerging that even nicotine-free e-cigarette aerosols may harm the developing conceptus, suggesting that components of e-cigarette liquid, including flavorings, may be developmentally toxicity. Focused human epidemiological analyses, and carefully designed animal studies are critically needed to address the question of the safety of ENDS use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Greene
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - M Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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26
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Argüder E, Abuzaina O, Bakır H, Karalezli A, Hasanoglu HC. Awareness of the Patients and Their Relatives About the Health Problems Occurred by Passive Smoking. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.576890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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27
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Li S, Chen M, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Prenatal epigenetics diets play protective roles against environmental pollution. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:82. [PMID: 31097039 PMCID: PMC6524340 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that germ cells and preimplantation embryos during development are most susceptible to endogenous and exogenous environmental factors because the epigenome in those cells is undergoing dramatic elimination and reconstruction. Exposure to environmental factors such as nutrition, climate, stress, pathogens, toxins, and even social behavior during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis has been shown to influence disease susceptibility in the offspring. Early-life epigenetic modifications, which determine the expression of genetic information stored in the genome, are viewed as one of the general mechanisms linking prenatal exposure and phenotypic changes later in life. From atmospheric pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals to heavy metals, research increasingly suggests that environmental pollutions have already produced significant consequences on human health. Moreover, mounting evidence now links such pollution to relevant modification in the epigenome. The epigenetics diet, referring to a class of bioactive dietary compounds such as isothiocyanates in broccoli, genistein in soybean, resveratrol in grape, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea, and ascorbic acid in fruits, has been shown to modify the epigenome leading to beneficial health outcomes. This review will primarily focus on the causes and consequences of prenatal environment pollution exposure on the epigenome, and the potential protective role of the epigenetics diet, which could play a central role in neutralizing epigenomic aberrations against environmental pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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28
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Accordini S, Calciano L, Johannessen A, Portas L, Benediktsdóttir B, Bertelsen RJ, Bråbäck L, Carsin AE, Dharmage SC, Dratva J, Forsberg B, Gomez Real F, Heinrich J, Holloway JW, Holm M, Janson C, Jögi R, Leynaert B, Malinovschi A, Marcon A, Martínez-Moratalla Rovira J, Raherison C, Sánchez-Ramos JL, Schlünssen V, Bono R, Corsico AG, Demoly P, Dorado Arenas S, Nowak D, Pin I, Weyler J, Jarvis D, Svanes C. A three-generation study on the association of tobacco smoking with asthma. Int J Epidemiol 2019. [PMID: 29534228 PMCID: PMC6124624 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mothers’ smoking during pregnancy increases asthma risk in their offspring. There is some evidence that grandmothers’ smoking may have a similar effect, and biological plausibility that fathers’ smoking during adolescence may influence offspring’s health through transmittable epigenetic changes in sperm precursor cells. We evaluated the three-generation associations of tobacco smoking with asthma. Methods Between 2010 and 2013, at the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III clinical interview, 2233 mothers and 1964 fathers from 26 centres reported whether their offspring (aged ≤51 years) had ever had asthma and whether it had coexisted with nasal allergies or not. Mothers and fathers also provided information on their parents’ (grandparents) and their own asthma, education and smoking history. Multilevel mediation models within a multicentre three-generation framework were fitted separately within the maternal (4666 offspring) and paternal (4192 offspring) lines. Results Fathers’ smoking before they were 15 [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.01] and mothers’ smoking during pregnancy (RRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.59) were associated with asthma without nasal allergies in their offspring. Grandmothers’ smoking during pregnancy was associated with asthma in their daughters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.06] and with asthma with nasal allergies in their grandchildren within the maternal line (RRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02–1.55). Conclusions Fathers’ smoking during early adolescence and grandmothers’ and mothers’ smoking during pregnancy may independently increase asthma risk in offspring. Thus, risk factors for asthma should be sought in both parents and before conception. Funding European Union (Horizon 2020, GA-633212).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Portas
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne-Elie Carsin
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia Dratva
- ZHAW School of Health Professions, Institute of Health Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rain Jögi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- INSERM UMR 1152, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences: Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jesús Martínez-Moratalla Rovira
- Pneumology Service of the University Hospital Complex of Albacete (CHUA), Health Service of Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Albacete, Spain.,School of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo G Corsico
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS 'San Matteo' Hospital Foundation-University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, IPLESP, Paris, France
| | | | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Pediatrie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM 1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Joost Weyler
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine and the StatUA Statistics Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Deborah Jarvis
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Ashford K, Fallin-Bennett A, McCubbin A, Wiggins A, Barnhart S, Lile J. Associations of first trimester co-use of tobacco and Cannabis with prenatal immune response and psychosocial well-being. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 73:42-48. [PMID: 30936023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to describe the association of first trimester co-use of tobacco and cannabis with maternal immune response and psychosocial well-being, relative to tobacco use only. METHODS A preliminary midpoint analysis included 138 pregnant women with biologically verified tobacco use, 38 of whom (28%) also tested positive for recent cannabis use. Maternal perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and serum immune markers (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, CRP, MMP8), were collected, although cytokine data were only available for 122 women. RESULTS Participant average age was 29.1 years, approximately half had a high school education or less, and half were unemployed. Compared to tobacco only users, co-users were more likely to be non-White, younger and more economically disadvantaged. In the adjusted linear regression models, TNF-α levels were significantly lower among co-users relative to tobacco only users, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index and tobacco use group (tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery devices [ENDS] or both). TNF-α was the only immune marker found to be significant in this analysis. Measured stress levels (M = 5.9, SD = 3.3; potential range 0-16) and depression scores (M = 7.8, SD = 5.8; potential range 0-30) were low across all participants and did not differ as a function of co-use. CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest women co-using during the first trimester exhibit decreased pro-inflammatory immune responsivity on one out of eight markers. Further research is needed to determine the impact of this immune modulation on fetal health outcomes and the unique contribution of cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Ashford
- Perinatal Research and Wellness Center, University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 351 Rose Street, CON#447, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA.
| | - Amanda Fallin-Bennett
- Perinatal Research and Wellness Center, University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 351 Rose Street, CON#447, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA
| | - Andrea McCubbin
- Perinatal Research and Wellness Center, University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 351 Rose Street, CON#447, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA
| | - Amanda Wiggins
- Perinatal Research and Wellness Center, University of Kentucky College of Nursing, 351 Rose Street, CON#447, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA
| | - Sheila Barnhart
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, 653 Patterson Office Tower, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Josh Lile
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, College of Medicine Office Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 106-B Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 3470 Blazer Pkwy, Lexington, KY 40509-1810, USA
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30
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Abstract
Bronchiectasis refers to abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. Airway dilatation can lead to failure of mucus clearance and increased risk of infection. Pathophysiological mechanisms of bronchiectasis include persistent bacterial infections, dysregulated immune responses, impaired mucociliary clearance and airway obstruction. These mechanisms can interact and self-perpetuate, leading over time to impaired lung function. Patients commonly present with productive cough and recurrent chest infections, and the diagnosis of bronchiectasis is based on clinical symptoms and radiological findings. Bronchiectasis can be the result of several different underlying disorders, and identifying the aetiology is crucial to guide management. Treatment is directed at reducing the frequency of exacerbations, improving quality of life and preventing disease progression. Although no therapy is licensed for bronchiectasis by regulatory agencies, evidence supports the effectiveness of airway clearance techniques, antibiotics and mucolytic agents, such as inhaled isotonic or hypertonic saline, in some patients. Bronchiectasis is a disabling disease with an increasing prevalence and can affect individuals of any age. A major challenge is the application of emerging phenotyping and endotyping techniques to identify the patient populations who would most benefit from a specific treatment, with the goal of better targeting existing and emerging treatments and achieving better outcomes.
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31
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Lødrup Carlsen KC, Skjerven HO, Carlsen KH. The toxicity of E-cigarettes and children's respiratory health. Paediatr Respir Rev 2018; 28:63-67. [PMID: 29580719 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cig), also referred to as Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS), were initially developed in 2003 to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco smoking. Since then, E-cig have become widely available in many countries and are used by many young people who would be unlikely to take up cigarette smoking. However, the adverse effects on child health remain largely unknown. E-cigs are available through regulated sale in many countries, but easily accessible by the internet in others. Adverse effects may be ascribed to the nicotine itself, to the accompanying substances in the aerosol (often referred to as vapour) or to temperature modifications of the content. There is a lack of human studies to assess respiratory effects of nicotine exposure to the unborn or young child. Also assessing the effects of the vaping content apart from nicotine is challenging, with the huge variety of exposure by frequency, duration and content, but experimental studies are on the way that may indicate the level of harm by such products. This article will summarize what is currently known about the use of E-cigs in children and in pregnancy, and discuss adverse effects of direct or in utero exposure to E-cig on the respiratory health of children. We thereby hope to provide a background for discussing potential harms to the respiratory system of children by E-cig exposure in pregnancy and early post-natal life, in a setting where an increasing proportion of adolescent and young adults use E-cigs, marketed to be 95% less harmful than conventional cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin C Lødrup Carlsen
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Division of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Håvard O Skjerven
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Division of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kai-Håkon Carlsen
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Division of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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32
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Li G, Saad S, Oliver BG, Chen H. Heat or Burn? Impacts of Intrauterine Tobacco Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Exposure on the Offspring's Health Outcome. TOXICS 2018; 6:E43. [PMID: 30071638 PMCID: PMC6160993 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy leads to gestational complications and organ disorders in the offspring. As nicotine replacement therapy is often ineffective for smoking cessation, pregnant women turn to alternatives such as heat-not-burn tobacco and e-cigarettes. Recently, the popularly of e-cigarettes has been increasing especially among the youth and pregnant women, mainly due to the advertisements claiming their safety. This has even led to some clinicians recommending their use during pregnancy. E-cigarettes heat e-liquid to produce an aerosol (e-vapor), delivering flavorings and nicotine to the user. However, e-vapor also contains toxins such as formaldehyde along with heavy metals and carcinogenic nitrosamines. In addition, specific flavoring compounds such as diacetyl can be toxic themselves or decompose into toxic compounds such as benzaldehydes. These compounds can induce toxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress in the mothers and can accumulate in the developing fetus, affecting intrauterine development. Recent animal studies suggest that maternal e-vapor exposure during pregnancy could cause respiratory and neurological disorders in the offspring. This review will examine the available literature to shed light on the current understanding of this problem-to-be from lessons learned in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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33
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Cole E, Brown TA, Pinkerton KE, Postma B, Malany K, Yang M, Kim YJ, Hamilton RF, Holian A, Cho YH. Perinatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with changes in DNA methylation that precede the adult onset of lung disease in a mouse model. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 29:435-442. [PMID: 29124997 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1392655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and early-life environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure can induce epigenetic alterations associated with inflammation and respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to address the long-term epigenetic consequences of perinatal ETS exposure on latent respiratory disease risk, which are still largely unknown. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to prenatal and early-life ETS; offspring lung pathology, global DNA, and gene-specific methylation were measured at two adult ages. Significant alterations in global DNA methylation and promoter methylation of IFN-γ and Thy-1 were found in ETS-exposed offspring at 10-12 and 20 weeks of age. These sustained epigenetic alterations preceded the onset of significant pulmonary pathologies observed at 20 weeks of age. This study suggests that perinatal ETS exposure induces persistent epigenetic alterations in global DNA, as well as IFN-γ and Thy-1 promoter methylation that precede the adult onset of fibrotic lung pathology. These epigenetic findings could represent potential biomarkers of latent respiratory disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cole
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Traci A Brown
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- b Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Britten Postma
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Keegan Malany
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Mihi Yang
- c Department of Toxicology , Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yang Jee Kim
- d Da Vinci College of General Education , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Raymond F Hamilton
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
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34
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Kim D, Chen Z, Zhou LF, Huang SX. Air pollutants and early origins of respiratory diseases. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2018; 4:75-94. [PMID: 29988883 PMCID: PMC6033955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a global health threat and causes millions of human deaths annually. The late onset of respiratory diseases in children and adults due to prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants is emerging as a critical concern in human health. Pregnancy and fetal development stages are highly susceptible to environmental exposure and tend to develop a long-term impact in later life. In this review, we briefly glance at the direct impact of outdoor and indoor air pollutants on lung diseases and pregnancy disorders. We further focus on lung complications in later life with early exposure to air pollutants. Epidemiological evidence is provided to show the association of prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants with various adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, lower birth weight, and lung developmental defects, which further associate with respiratory diseases and reduced lung function in children and adults. Mechanistic evidence is also discussed to support that air pollutants impact various cellular and molecular targets at early life, which link to the pathogenesis and altered immune responses related to abnormal respiratory functions and lung diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lin-Fu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shou-Xiong Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA
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35
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Thacher JD, Schultz ES, Hallberg J, Hellberg U, Kull I, Thunqvist P, Pershagen G, Gustafsson PM, Melén E, Bergström A. Tobacco smoke exposure in early life and adolescence in relation to lung function. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.02111-2017. [PMID: 29748304 PMCID: PMC6003782 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02111-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with impaired lung function among young children, but less is known about long-term effects and the impact of adolescents' own smoking. We investigated the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke exposure and adolescent smoking on lung function at age 16 years. The BAMSE (Barn/Child, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology) birth cohort collected information on participants' tobacco smoke exposure through repeated questionnaires, and measured saliva cotinine concentrations at age 16 years. Participants performed spirometry and impulse oscillometry (IOS) at age 16 years (n=2295). Exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of −1.1% (95% CI −2.0 to −0.2%). IOS demonstrated greater resistance at 5–20 Hz (R5–20) in participants exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Adolescents who smoked had reduced FEV1/FVC ratios of −0.9% (95% CI −1.8 to −0.1%) and increased resistance of 6.5 Pa·L–1·s (95% CI 0.7 to 12.2 Pa·L–1·s) in R5–20. Comparable associations for FEV1/FVC ratio were observed for cotinine concentrations, using ≥12 ng·mL−1 as a cut-off for adolescent smoking. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with lower FEV1/FVC ratios and increased airway resistance. In addition, adolescent smoking appears to be associated with reduced FEV1/FVC ratios and increased peripheral airway resistance. Maternal smoking in utero and teenage smoking are associated with indices of airway obstruction at age 16 yearshttp://ow.ly/NwF030jFS2W
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Thacher
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erica S Schultz
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hallberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dept of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Hellberg
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dept of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Thunqvist
- Sachs' Children's and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dept of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per M Gustafsson
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Dept of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,These authors contributed equally
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36
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Guzel EE, Kaya N, Ozan G, Tektemur A, Dabak DO, Ozan IE. The investigation of effect of alpha lipoic acid against damage on neonatal rat lung to maternal tobacco smoke exposure. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:714-722. [PMID: 29984187 PMCID: PMC6031852 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the changes in the lungs of the rat pups exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy period and to investigate the protective effects of alpha lipoic acid, which is administered during pregnancy, on these changes. Spraque-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups: control, tobacco smoke (TS), tobacco smoke + alpha lipoic acid (TS + ALA) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA). The rats in control group were untreated. Rats were exposed to TS twice a day for one hour starting from eight weeks before mating and during pregnancy. 20 mg / kg of ALA was administered to rats. On 7th and 21st days 7 of the pups from each group were decapitated. Histological, morphometric, biochemical and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyzes were performed. Histopathological and biochemical changes were observed in TS group. While a significant decrease was observed both in SP-A and VEGF immunoreactivities and mRNA levels, caspase-3 immunoreactivity and TUNEL positive cells were increased in TS group. It is suggested that prenatal TS exposure leads to morphological and histopathological changes on lung development by causing oxidative damage in lungs of neonatal rats and the maternal use of ALA can provide a limited protective effect on the neonatal lung development against this oxidative stress originating from TS. Although pregnant women are increasingly aware on health risks of smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure is still a widespread problem. For this reason, it is thought that this damage can be partially reduced by some antioxidant supplements in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Erdem Guzel
- Mardin Artuklu University, Healty High School, Department of Nursing, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Nalan Kaya
- Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gonca Ozan
- Firat University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Biochemistry, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tektemur
- Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Durrin Ozlem Dabak
- Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Enver Ozan
- Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Elazig, Turkey
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37
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Intrauterine smoke exposure deregulates lung function, pulmonary transcriptomes, and in particular insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in a sex-specific manner. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7547. [PMID: 29765129 PMCID: PMC5953988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is a significant risk-factor for airway disease development. Furthermore, the high prevalence of pregnant smoking women requires the establishment of strategies for offspring lung protection. Therefore, we here aimed to understand the molecular mechanism of how prenatal smoke exposure affects fetal lung development. We used a mouse model recapitulating clinical findings of prenatally exposed children, where pregnant mice were exposed to smoke until c-section or spontaneous delivery, and offspring weight development and lung function was monitored. Additionally, we investigated pulmonary transcriptome changes in fetal lungs (GD18.5) by mRNA/miRNA arrays, network analyses and qPCR. The results demonstrated that prenatally exposed mice showed intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, and impaired lung function. 1340 genes and 133 miRNAs were found to be significantly dysregulated by in utero smoke exposure, and we identified Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) as a top hierarchical node in a network analysis. Moreover, Igf1 mRNA was increased in female murine offspring and in prenatally exposed children. These findings suggest that prenatal smoking is associated with a dysregulation of several genes, including Igf1 in a sex-specific manner. Thus, our results could represent a novel link between smoke exposure, abberant lung development and impaired lung function.
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38
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Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Electronic Cigarettes: Exposure and Use Among Pediatric Populations. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 31:71-77. [PMID: 29068754 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As an emerging inhalational exposure, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have rapidly gained public awareness with increasing use among adolescents and adults, leading to increased primary use by adolescents and increased secondhand exposure to emissions in infants, children, and adolescents. Although the long-term health risks for primary use and secondhand emission exposure are unknown, limited data from animal studies suggest that there is the potential for long-term lung injury and altered neurocognitive development in children with exposure to nicotine-containing aerosols. In this pediatric-focused review, we discuss the history of e-cigarettes, the demographics of adolescent users, effects on health, and current legislative efforts to protect infants, children, and adolescents from exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland
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39
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Mirzakhani H, De Vivo I, Leeder JS, Gaedigk R, Vyhlidal CA, Weiss ST, Tantisira K. Early pregnancy intrauterine fetal exposure to maternal smoking and impact on fetal telomere length. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 218:27-32. [PMID: 28926727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced telomere length, or its accelerated attrition, has been implicated in aging, mortality, and several human diseases, including respiratory diseases. Age dependent manifestation of telomere-mediated disease during life span indicates the role of developmental stage in these diseases and highlights the importance of fetal developmental process in utero and at earlier life stages. Environmental determinants during developmental and later stages of life could affect telomere length. Smoke exposure as one of these significant determinants have been investigated in association with telomere length in neonates at time of delivery, children and adults. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether intrauterine fetal exposure to tobacco smoking characterized by placenta cotinine levels during early weeks of pregnancy might be associated with shorter relative telomere length (T/S ratio) as compared to fetuses without exposure to tobacco smoking. STUDY DESIGN 207 Human placenta and epithelial lung samples were used for both fetal lung telomere length assessment and measurement of placental cotinine levels. Tissues were obtained from two NICHD-supported tissue retrieval programs with registries for elective abortions, the University of Washington Center for Birth Defects Research (Seattle, WA) and the University of Maryland Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders (Baltimore, MD). Cotinine levels (ng/g total placental tissue) were determined in whole cell extracts prepared from human placenta samples to characterize and confirm the cotinine exposure status associated with maternal smoking. Relative telomere length (T/S ratio) in genomic DNA extracted from fetal lung tissue was measured by use of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between fetal Telomere-to-Single Copy (T/S) ratio and tobacco exposure. RESULTS The estimated post-conception ages for included samples in the study ranged from 54 to 137days (7-19 weeks of gestation); 47.37% of fetal samples had female sex. Of the samples included in the analysis 96 and 111 fetal samples with and without intrauterine tobacco smoking exposure were distinguished. While T/S ratio was not different between those with and without smoking exposure (1.24±0.41 and 1.27±0.48, respectively; P=0.70), a significant effect modification of post-conception age on the relationship of intrauterine smoke exposure on fetal T/S ratio was observed (adjusted coefficient=-0.008, 95% CI: -0.016, -0.0004). The smoke exposure status was associated with T/S ratio after 93-day post conception (adjusted coefficient=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.53, -0.052). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a significant association of smoke exposure in utero at early pregnancy with shortened fetal relative telomere length in the developing lung and suggest that the detrimental effect of smoking exposure on future disease sequelae may start at the early stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Mirzakhani
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Steven Leeder
- Division of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapeutics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Roger Gaedigk
- Division of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapeutics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Carrie A Vyhlidal
- Division of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Experimental Therapeutics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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40
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Vanker A, Gie R, Zar H. The association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and childhood respiratory disease: a review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:661-673. [PMID: 28580865 PMCID: PMC6176766 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1338949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood respiratory illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in low and middle-income countries. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a recognised risk factor for both acute and chronic respiratory illness. Areas covered: The aim of this paper was to review the epidemiology of ETS exposure and impact on respiratory health in children. We conducted a search of 3 electronic databases of publications on ETS and childhood respiratory illness from 1990-2015. Key findings were that up to 70% of children are exposed to ETS globally, but under-reporting may mask the true prevalence. Maternal smoking and ETS exposure influence infant lung development and are associated with childhood upper and lower respiratory tract infection, wheezing or asthma. Further, exposure to ETS is associated with more severe respiratory disease. ETS exposure reduces lung function early in life, establishing an increased lifelong risk of poor lung health. Expert commentary: Urgent and effective strategies are needed to decrease ETS exposure in young children to improve child and long-term lung health in adults especially in low and middle income countries where ETS exposure is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vanker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R.P. Gie
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H.J. Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, and MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Noël A, Xiao R, Perveen Z, Zaman H, Le Donne V, Penn A. Sex-specific lung functional changes in adult mice exposed only to second-hand smoke in utero. Respir Res 2017. [PMID: 28651580 PMCID: PMC5485620 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies have associated exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy with adverse outcomes in newborns. As we have previously shown in mice, in utero exposure to SHS at critical stages of fetal development, results in altered lung responses and increased disease susceptibility upon re-exposure to irritants (SHS or ovalbumin) in adulthood. In this study, we asked whether the in utero SHS exposure alone is sufficient to alter lung structure and function in adult mice. Methods Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed from days 6 to 19 of pregnancy to 10 mg/m3 of SHS or HEPA-filtered air. Male and female offspring (n = 13–15/group) were sacrificed at 15 weeks of age. We measured lung function with non-invasive and invasive methods, performed lung morphometric analysis on trichrome-stained lung tissue samples, and assessed lung gene expression via RNA sequencing and protein assays. Results In utero SHS exposure significantly increased mean linear intercept and decreased the surface area per unit volume of the lungs in both males and females, indicating perturbation in alveolar developmental processes. Tidal volume, minute volume and inspiratory capacity were significantly decreased compared with the controls only in male mice exposed in utero to SHS, suggesting that males are more sensitive than females to an SHS insult during lung development. This also suggests that in our model, lung structure changes may be necessary but are not sufficient to impair lung function. SERPINA1A, the mouse ortholog of human α1-antitrypsin, deficiency of which is a known genetic risk factor for emphysema, was down-regulated at the protein level in the in utero SHS-exposed mice. Additionally, DNMT3A protein expression was dysregulated, indicating that DNA methylation occurred in the lungs. Conclusions Our results indicate that in utero SHS exposure alone alters both lung function and structure well into adulthood (15 weeks) in male mice. Furthermore, lung function alterations in this model are sex-specific, with males being more susceptible to in utero SHS effects. Overall, our data suggest that in utero SHS exposure alone can predispose to adult lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Hasan Zaman
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Viviana Le Donne
- Translational Medicine and Comparative Pathobiology, R&D Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, SG12 ODP, UK
| | - Arthur Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA.
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Baraona LK, Lovelace D, Daniels JL, McDaniel L. Tobacco Harms, Nicotine Pharmacology, and Pharmacologic Tobacco Cessation Interventions for Women. J Midwifery Womens Health 2017; 62:253-269. [PMID: 28556464 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Firsthand and secondhand tobacco use is linked to a multitude of harmful illnesses, adverse perinatal outcomes, and death. Cessation attempts among women may be hampered by their unique biologic response to nicotine. Current research has revealed epigenetic changes from intrauterine nicotine exposure that have intergenerational consequences. Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of various pharmacologic tobacco cessation interventions in conjunction with behavioral counseling. Based on this evidence, the US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2015 guideline recommends pharmacologic therapy for all nonpregnant persons who smoke in addition to behavioral counseling. The effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments among pregnant women is less clear, with far fewer studies evaluating potential benefits and harms. While exposure to pharmacologic therapies raises concerns for fetal safety, these potential risks must be weighed against those of continued tobacco use, which guarantees fetal exposure to nicotine. First-line tobacco cessation medications include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline. Second-line medications include nortriptyline and clonidine. Pharmacokinetics, effectiveness, regimens, and safety profiles for nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating women are reviewed. Alternative tobacco cessation options and potential new pharmacologic tobacco cessation agents are discussed. Initiating brief interventions, using the 5A's and 5R's model is described.
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Drummond D, Baravalle-Einaudi M, Lezmi G, Vibhushan S, Franco-Montoya ML, Hadchouel A, Boczkowski J, Delacourt C. Combined Effects of in Utero and Adolescent Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Lung Function in C57Bl/6J Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:392-399. [PMID: 27814244 PMCID: PMC5332197 DOI: 10.1289/ehp54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal determinants of airway function, such as in utero exposure to maternal cigarette smoke (CS), may create a predisposition to adult airflow obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. It has been suggested that active smoking in adolescence and preexisting airflow obstruction have synergistic deleterious effects. OBJECTIVE We used a mouse model to investigate whether there is a synergistic effect of exposure to CS in utero and during adolescence on lung function. METHODS Female C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to CS or to filtered room air during pregnancy. Exposure to CS began 2 weeks before mating and continued until delivery. After birth, the pups were not exposed to CS until day 21 (D21). Between D21 and D49, corresponding to "adolescence," litters were randomized for an additional 4 weeks of exposure to CS. Lung morphometry, lung mechanics, and the expression of genes involved in senescence were evaluated in different subsets of mice on D21 and D49. RESULTS In utero exposure to CS induced significant lung function impairment by D21. CS exposure between D21 and D49 induced significant functional impairment only in mice exposed to CS prenatally. On D49, no difference was observed between subgroups in terms of lung p53, p16, p21, and Bax mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that prenatal and adolescent CS exposure have a synergistic effect on lung function in mice. The combined effect did not appear to be a consequence of early pulmonary senescence. Citation: Drummond D, Baravalle-Einaudi M, Lezmi G, Vibhushan S, Franco-Montoya ML, Hadchouel A, Boczkowski J, Delacourt C. 2017. Combined effects of in utero and adolescent tobacco smoke exposure on lung function in C57Bl/6J mice. Environ Health Perspect 125:392-399; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP54.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Drummond
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Mélissa Baravalle-Einaudi
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Lezmi
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Shamila Vibhushan
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Marie-Laure Franco-Montoya
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Alice Hadchouel
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Necker, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Necker, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
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Pandey S, Murugan V, Karki YB, Mathur A. In-home Smoking in Households with Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal: Does Women's Empowerment Matter? HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK 2017; 42:32-40. [PMID: 28395076 DOI: 10.1093/hsw/hlw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Authors examined the prevalence and predictors of in-home smoking in households with women of reproductive age. They analyzed data from 9,837 ever married women from 2011 Nepal Demographic Health Survey. About 17 percent of women and 66 percent of their husbands smoked and 58 percent of the women lived in homes that permitted in-home smoking. About 6 percent of the women were pregnant and 42 percent had given birth within the past five years. In-home tobacco use was equally prevalent in homes with and without young children and irrespective of women's pregnancy status. Husband's use of tobacco doubled the odds of in-home smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52-3.69) and wife's use of tobacco quadrupled the odds of in-home smoking controlling for other factors (OR = 3.94; 95% CI = 3.30-4.70). In addition, employed women were 39 percent more likely to allow in-home smoking than their unemployed counterparts (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.19-1.63). Protective factors against in-home smoking were women's education, intrahousehold decision-making ability, household wealth, and urban residence. To reduce in-home smoking, social workers should increase awareness about the adverse consequences of secondhand smoke by providing counseling services to male and female tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Pandey
- Professor, Boston College School of Social Work, McGuinn Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Vithya Murugan
- Doctoral student, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Yagya B Karki
- Executive director, Population, Health and Development Group, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Amit Mathur
- Professor of pediatrics and codirector, Neurodevelopmental Research Group, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
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McCubbin A, Fallin-Bennett A, Barnett J, Ashford K. Perceptions and use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2017; 32:22-32. [PMID: 28158490 PMCID: PMC5914445 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is quickly growing in the United States, despite the unknown health implications and unregulated device contents. Although research is emerging around e-cigs in general, there continues to be a lack of scientific evidence regarding the safety and risks of e-cig use on maternal and fetal health, even though adverse health effects of nicotine on maternal and fetal outcomes are documented. This review summarizes existing perceptions of e-cig use in pregnancy, based on the limited number of publications available, and highlights the necessity of conducting additional research in this field of public health. Authors conducted a literature search of scientific peer-reviewed articles published from January 2006 to October 2016, comprising more than a decade of research. Search keywords include ‘tobacco use’, ‘electronic cigarette(s)’ and ‘pregnancy’. Fifty-seven publications were identified, narrowed to fifteen by screening title/abstract for potential relevance, with seven articles chosen for final inclusion. Of these seven studies, most participants not only believed e-cigs pose risks to maternal and child health but also perceived e-cigs as a safer and potentially healthier alternative to traditional cigarettes, and may assist with smoking cessation. Further research is needed to determine health implications and provide clinical guidelines for e-cig use in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea McCubbin
- College of Nursing, Office for Nursing Research, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Correspondence to: A. McCubbin. E-mail:
| | - Amanda Fallin-Bennett
- College of Nursing, Office for Nursing Research, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Janine Barnett
- College of Nursing, Office for Nursing Research, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kristin Ashford
- College of Nursing, Office for Nursing Research, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Gopal SH, Mukherjee S, Das SK. Direct and Second Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Development of Childhood Asthma. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2016; 2:Direct and Second Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Development of Childhood Asthma. [PMID: 29399637 PMCID: PMC5791751 DOI: 10.15436/2378-6841.16.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review about the role of direct and second hand cigarette smoke exposure in the development of childhood asthma. Smoking, both during pregnancy and postnatal have an adverse impact on the infant's chances of developing respiratory illness. Second hand smoke exposure has also known to cause worsening of childhood asthma with an impact on hospital admissions. Correlation between maternal second hand smoke exposure during pregnancy and development of childhood asthma has also been investigated. It is, thus essential to address this prenatally as well as post-natal by reducing smoking as well as smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srirupa Hari Gopal
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shyamali Mukherjee
- Department of Professional Education, Neurosciences & Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Salil K. Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kabesch M. Maternal smoking during pregnancy leaves lasting marks on the child's genetic regulatory machinery contributing to lung disease development later in life. Allergy 2016; 71:915-7. [PMID: 27138246 DOI: 10.1111/all.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy; University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO); Regensburg Germany
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Zacharasiewicz A. Maternal smoking in pregnancy and its influence on childhood asthma. ERJ Open Res 2016; 2:00042-2016. [PMID: 27730206 PMCID: PMC5034599 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00042-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal smoking in pregnancy (MSP) is a large modifiable risk factor for pregnancy related mortality and morbidity and also the most important known modifiable risk factor for asthma. This review summarises the effects of MSP throughout infancy, childhood and adolescence with regards to asthma (development and severity). Firstly, the direct damage caused by nicotine on fetal lung development, fetal growth and neuronal differentiation is discussed, as well as the indirect effects of nicotine on placental functioning. Secondly, the effects of MSP on later immune functioning resulting in increased infection rate are summarised and details are given on the effects of MSP modulating airway hyperreactivity, reducing lung function and therefore increasing asthma morbidity. Furthermore, epigenetic effects are increasingly being recognised. These can also result in transgenerational detrimental effects induced by cigarette smoke. In summary, the causal relationship between MSP and asthma development is well documented and presents a major health problem for generations to come. The high prevalence of MSP is alarming and epigenetic effects of nicotine on immune functioning potentiate this danger. A considerable part of the increase in asthma prevalence worldwide is due to MSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zacharasiewicz
- Dept of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Teaching Hospital Wilhelminenspital of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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49
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Bauldry S, Shanahan MJ, Macmillan R, Miech RA, Boardman JD, O Dean D, Cole V. Parental and adolescent health behaviors and pathways to adulthood. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2016; 58:227-242. [PMID: 27194662 PMCID: PMC4873711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines associations among parental and adolescent health behaviors and pathways to adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we identify a set of latent classes describing pathways into adulthood and examine health-related predictors of these pathways. The identified pathways are consistent with prior research using other sources of data. Results also show that both adolescent and parental health behaviors differentiate pathways. Parental and adolescent smoking are associated with lowered probability of the higher education pathway and higher likelihood of the work and the work & family pathways (entry into the workforce soon after high school completion). Adolescent drinking is positively associated with the work pathway and the higher education pathway, but decreases the likelihood of the work & family pathway. Neither parental nor adolescent obesity are associated with any of the pathways to adulthood. When combined, parental/adolescent smoking and adolescent drinking are associated with displacement from the basic institutions of school, work, and family.
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50
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Holbrook BD. The effects of nicotine on human fetal development. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2016; 108:181-92. [PMID: 27297020 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy continues to represent a major public health concern. Nicotine is extremely harmful to the developing fetus through many different mechanisms, and the harms increase with later gestational age at exposure. Pregnancies complicated by maternal nicotine use are more likely to have significant adverse outcomes. Nicotine-exposed children tend to have several health problems throughout their lives, including impaired function of the endocrine, reproductive, respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurologic systems. Poor academic performance and significant behavioral disruptions are also common, including ADHD, aggressive behaviors, and future substance abuse. To diminish the adverse effects from cigarette smoking, some women are turning to electronic cigarettes, a new trend that is increasing in popularity worldwide. They are largely perceived as being safer to use in pregnancy than traditional cigarettes, although there is not adequate evidence to support this claim. At this time, electronic cigarette use during pregnancy cannot be recommended. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:181-192, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D Holbrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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