1
|
Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Molecular Insight into Gastric Cancer Invasion-Current Status and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38201481 PMCID: PMC10778111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. There has been no efficient therapy for stage IV GC patients due to this disease's heterogeneity and dissemination ability. Despite the rapid advancement of molecular targeted therapies, such as HER2 and immune checkpoint inhibitors, survival of GC patients is still unsatisfactory because the understanding of the mechanism of GC progression is still incomplete. Invasion is the most important feature of GC metastasis, which causes poor mortality in patients. Recently, genomic research has critically deepened our knowledge of which gene products are dysregulated in invasive GC. Furthermore, the study of the interaction of GC cells with the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a principal subject in driving invasion and metastasis. These results are expected to provide a profound knowledge of how biological molecules are implicated in GC development. This review summarizes the advances in our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of GC invasion. We also highlight the future directions of the invasion therapeutics of GC. Compared to conventional therapy using protease or molecular inhibitors alone, multi-therapy targeting invasion plasticity may seem to be an assuring direction for the progression of novel strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Amplified in Diffuse-Type Gastric Carcinoma: Potential Targeted Therapies and Novel Downstream Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153750. [PMID: 35954414 PMCID: PMC9367326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) is an aggressive subtype of gastric carcinoma with an extremely poor prognosis due to frequent peritoneal metastasis and high probability of recurrence. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, and consequently, no effective molecular targeted therapy is available. The importance of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling has been recently demonstrated in the malignant progression of DGC. In particular, RTK gene amplification appears to accelerate peritoneal metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of RTK gene amplification in DGC and the potential of related targeted therapies. Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients with an aggressive subtype of GC, known as diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC), have extremely poor prognoses. DGC is characterized by rapid infiltrative growth, massive desmoplastic stroma, frequent peritoneal metastasis, and high probability of recurrence. These clinical features and progression patterns of DGC substantially differ from those of other GC subtypes, suggesting the existence of specific oncogenic signals. The importance of gene amplification and the resulting aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in the malignant progression of DGC is becoming apparent. Here, we review the characteristics of RTK gene amplification in DGC and its importance in peritoneal metastasis. These insights may potentially lead to new targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
|
3
|
Song Z, Wang J. LncRNA ASMTL-AS1/microRNA-1270 differentiate prognostic groups in gastric cancer and influence cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1507-1517. [PMID: 34986743 PMCID: PMC8805870 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2021063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the expression levels of ASMTL-AS1 and miR-1270 in gastric cancer, and to explore whether ASMTL-AS1 and miR-1270 is associated with cancer prognosis and progression or not. ASMTL-AS1 and miR-1270 expression were quantified in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues (n = 167) and cell lines. The potential of ASMTL-AS1 and miR-1270 as prognostic biomarkers was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Kaplan-Meier, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The binding between ASMTL-AS1 and miR-1270 was verified by the Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Functional roles of ASMTL-AS1/miR-1270 on cells were investigated in HGC-27 and NCI-N87 cells by MTS viability, Transwell migration, and Matrigel invasion assay. ASMTL-AS1 was significantly downregulated while miR-1270 was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues as compared with normal tissue and cell lines. According to the studies, ASMTL-AS1 and miR-1270 were related to unfavorable clinical parameters, such as the advanced TNM stage. Downregulated ASMTL-AS1 and upregulated miR-1270 were associated with reduced 5-year overall survival. Functional studies suggested that ASMTL-AS1 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of HGC-27 and NCI-N87 cells by regulation of miR-1270. In summary, ASMTL-AS1 and miR-1270 are associated with poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. ASMTL-AS1 inhibited gastric cancer progression by regulating miR-1270. Therefore, ASMTL-AS1/miR-1270 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and novel strategy for gastric cancer targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhe Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lucas LM, Dwivedi V, Senfeld JI, Cullum RL, Mill CP, Piazza JT, Bryant IN, Cook LJ, Miller ST, Lott JH, Kelley CM, Knerr EL, Markham JA, Kaufmann DP, Jacobi MA, Shen J, Riese DJ. The Yin and Yang of ERBB4: Tumor Suppressor and Oncoprotein. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:18-47. [PMID: 34987087 PMCID: PMC11060329 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB4 (HER4) is a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, a family that includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1/HER1), ERBB2 (Neu/HER2), and ERBB3 (HER3). EGFR and ERBB2 are oncoproteins and validated targets for therapeutic intervention in a variety of solid tumors. In contrast, the role that ERBB4 plays in human malignancies is ambiguous. Thus, here we review the literature regarding ERBB4 function in human malignancies. We review the mechanisms of ERBB4 signaling with an emphasis on mechanisms of signaling specificity. In the context of this signaling specificity, we discuss the hypothesis that ERBB4 appears to function as a tumor suppressor protein and as an oncoprotein. Next, we review the literature that describes the role of ERBB4 in tumors of the bladder, liver, prostate, brain, colon, stomach, lung, bone, ovary, thyroid, hematopoietic tissues, pancreas, breast, skin, head, and neck. Whenever possible, we discuss the possibility that ERBB4 mutants function as biomarkers in these tumors. Finally, we discuss the potential roles of ERBB4 mutants in the staging of human tumors and how ERBB4 function may dictate the treatment of human tumors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This articles reviews ERBB4 function in the context of the mechanistic model that ERBB4 homodimers function as tumor suppressors, whereas ERBB4-EGFR or ERBB4-ERBB2 heterodimers act as oncogenes. Thus, this review serves as a mechanistic framework for clinicians and scientists to consider the role of ERBB4 and ERBB4 mutants in staging and treating human tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Lucas
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Vipasha Dwivedi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jared I Senfeld
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Richard L Cullum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Christopher P Mill
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - J Tyler Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Ianthe N Bryant
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Laura J Cook
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - S Tyler Miller
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - James H Lott
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Connor M Kelley
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Elizabeth L Knerr
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jessica A Markham
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - David P Kaufmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Megan A Jacobi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - David J Riese
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teng JJ, Zhao WJ, Zhang XL, Zhao DK, Qiu XY, Chen XD, Yang L. Downregulation of promoter methylation gene PRDM5 contributes to the development of tumor proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:6921-6930. [PMID: 34659579 PMCID: PMC8518008 DOI: 10.7150/jca.59998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic aberrations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly DNA methylation, are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Previous studies have shown that PRDM5 is methylated and silenced in GC. However, the role of PRDM5 in GC progression has not been explored. Methods: The expression and epigenetic alterations of PRDM5 in GC were analyzed in public datasets. The mRNA and protein expression of PRDM5 in fresh tissues were detected by semi-quantitative PCR and Western blot. And expression of PRDM5 in gastric paracarcinoma and carcinoma tissues from 162 patients was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and assessed the association with different clinicopathological features. The prognostic value of PRDM5 in GC patients was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plotter. We also studied promoter region methylation of PRDM5 in GC by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The effects of PRDM5 on cell proliferation and migration were conducted by functional experiments in vitro. Results: The expression of PRDM5 was downregulated in GC, and that was associated with poor survival and tumor progression. And PRDM5 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GC. We also found that the methylation of PRDM5 promoter was closely related to the histopathological types and the progression of tumors through the public relations database. In vitro, ectopical expression of PRDM5 inhibited the growth of tumor cells, while knockdown of PRDM5 increased the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that PRDM5 may be a novel TSG methylated in GC that plays important roles in GC development. And we found PRDM5 as a potential survival biomarker for GC, especially in well differentiated GC. PRDM5 expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage and histological type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Teng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Xun-Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Da-Kun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Xin-Yue Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, No.30 Tongyang North Road, Nantong 226361, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan P, Patel HJ, Sharma S, Corben A, Wang T, Panchal P, Yang C, Sun W, Araujo TL, Rodina A, Joshi S, Robzyk K, Gandu S, White JR, de Stanchina E, Modi S, Janjigian YY, Hill EG, Liu B, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Que NLS, Li Z, Gewirth DT, Taldone T, Chiosis G. Molecular Stressors Engender Protein Connectivity Dysfunction through Aberrant N-Glycosylation of a Chaperone. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107840. [PMID: 32610141 PMCID: PMC7372946 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stresses associated with disease may pathologically remodel the proteome by both increasing interaction strength and altering interaction partners, resulting in proteome-wide connectivity dysfunctions. Chaperones play an important role in these alterations, but how these changes are executed remains largely unknown. Our study unveils a specific N-glycosylation pattern used by a chaperone, Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), to alter its conformational fitness and stabilize a state most permissive for stable interactions with proteins at the plasma membrane. This "protein assembly mutation' remodels protein networks and properties of the cell. We show in cells, human specimens, and mouse xenografts that proteome connectivity is restorable by inhibition of the N-glycosylated GRP94 variant. In summary, we provide biochemical evidence for stressor-induced chaperone-mediated protein mis-assemblies and demonstrate how these alterations are actionable in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hardik J Patel
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adriana Corben
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Currently at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tai Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Currently at Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weilin Sun
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thais L Araujo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kenneth Robzyk
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Srinivasa Gandu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julie R White
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nanette L S Que
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniel T Gewirth
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Tony Taldone
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jørgensen JT, Mollerup J, Yang H, Go N, Nielsen KB. MET deletion is a frequent event in gastric/gastroesophageal junction/esophageal cancer: a cross-sectional analysis of gene status and signal distribution in 1,580 patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:225. [PMID: 33708852 PMCID: PMC7940901 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background MET gene aberrations are found in several human cancers including gastric, ovarian and lung. In a large multinational cohort of patients with gastric/gastroesophageal junction/esophageal (G/GEJ/E) adenocarcinoma we assessed the MET status with respect to amplification and deletion and correlate the results with the phenotypical gene signal distribution pattern. Methods Tissue specimens from 1,580 patients were analyzed using a novel fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay employing a MET/CEN-7 IQFISH Probe Mix. MET amplification and deletions were defined as a MET/CEN-7 ratio ≥2.0 and a MET/CEN-7 ratio <0.8, respectively. Furthermore, the link between the MET gene status and the phenotypical signal distribution was investigated. Results The prevalence of MET amplification and deletions was found to be 7.2% and 8.7%, respectively. Significant differences were observed with regard to geographic regions and sex. The Asian population had the highest percentage of MET amplification (9.4%) and the lowest percentage of deletions (3.2%). MET deletions was found more frequently among males (10.1%) compared to females (5.3%) and in esophagus (17.6%) compared to the stomach (5.7%). More than 50% of the patients who harbored MET gene amplification had a heterogeneous distribution of the FISH signals. Patients with a focal signal distribution were solely to be found among the MET amplified population. MET deletion were mainly observed in the group of patients with a homogenous signal distribution. Conclusions The screening data from this cross-sectional study showed that MET deletion and amplification are frequent events in G/GEJ/E cancer, which are linked to different phenotypical signal distribution patterns. The role of MET deletion in relation to tumor development is not fully understood but it is likely to play a role in the oncogenic transformation of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Mollerup
- Pathology Division, Agilent Technologies, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Hui Yang
- Medical Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, USA
| | - Ning Go
- Medical Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu S, Gong Y, Xu XD, Shen H, Gao S, Bao HD, Guo SB, Yu XF, Gong J. MicroRNA-936/ERBB4/Akt axis exhibits anticancer properties of gastric cancer through inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 37:111-120. [PMID: 33021020 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers globally and has a poor prognosis. MiR-936 has been reported to regulate cell activity and tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer, glioma, and epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the specific role and mechanism of miR-936 in gastric cancer have not been explored. In present study, gastric cancer cells were transfected with miR-936 mimic, and cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed via cell-counting kit-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assay, respectively. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to check miR-936 binding to its downstream target. It was shown that miR-936 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ERBB4) was confirmed as a direct target of miR-936 and negatively regulated its expression by miR-936. Overexpression of miR-936 suppressed cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell migration and invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, which could be reversed by further ERBB4 overexpression. Western blot results showed that miR-936/ERBB4 axis regulated Akt-related pathways to control gastric cancer cell activities. Therefore, our data suggest that miR-936 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation and invasion and promotes cell apoptosis through Akt-related pathways by targeting ERBB4, which provides novel insight to target miR-936 or miR-936/ERBB4 axis for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Dong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Dong Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shi-Bin Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Discovery of Prognostic Signature Genes for Overall Survival Prediction in Gastric Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5479279. [PMID: 32908579 PMCID: PMC7468614 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5479279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system with high mortality globally. However, the biomarkers that accurately predict the prognosis are still lacking. Therefore, it is important to screen for novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Methods We conducted differential expression analysis and survival analysis to screen out the prognostic genes. A stepwise method was employed to select a subset of genes in the multivariable Cox model. Overrepresentation enrichment analysis (ORA) was used to search for the pathways associated with poor prognosis. Results In this study, we designed a seven-gene-signature-based Cox model to stratify the GC samples into high-risk and low-risk groups. The survival analysis revealed that the high-risk and low-risk groups exhibited significantly different prognostic outcomes in both the training and validation datasets. Specifically, CGB5, IGFBP1, OLFML2B, RAI14, SERPINE1, IQSEC2, and MPND were selected by the multivariable Cox model. Functionally, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) were found to be hyperactive in the high-risk group. The multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk stratification based on the seven-gene-signature-based Cox model was independent of other prognostic factors such as TNM stages, age, and gender. Conclusion In conclusion, we aimed at developing a model to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer. The predictive model could not only effectively predict the risk of GC but also be beneficial to the development of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu C, Shi H, Wu M, Wei X. A dual MET/AXL small-molecule inhibitor exerts efficacy against gastric carcinoma through killing cancer cells as well as modulating tumor microenvironment. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:103-118. [PMID: 34766112 PMCID: PMC8489669 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases MET and AXL have been implicated in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of multiple malignancies. We performed this study to evaluate the antitumor impact of LY2801653, a dual MET and AXL inhibitor on gastric cancer and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, tissue microarrays containing gastric cancer tissues were stained with MET and AXL antibodies, which showed the prognostic values of MET and AXL. Administration of LY2801653 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, induced apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Xenograft mouse models showed suppressed cell proliferation of tumors in high MET and AXL expression cells. LY2801653 also inhibited the growth of MET and AXL‐independent cells at higher but clinically relevant doses through decreased angiogenesis and M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for MET and AXL as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. The dual MET/AXL inhibitor LY2801653 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Zhu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China.,Department of Radiation Oncology Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Saso L, Firuzi O. HGF/MET pathway aberrations as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in human cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:533-566. [PMID: 31512514 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1653821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. MET tyrosine kinase receptor [MET, c-MET, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor] pathway activation is associated with the appearance of several hallmarks of cancer. The HGF/MET pathway has emerged as an important actionable target across many solid tumors; therefore, biomarker discovery becomes essential in order to guide clinical intervention and patient stratification with the aim of moving towards personalized medicine. The focus of this review is on how the aberrant activation of the HGF/MET pathway in tumor tissue or the circulation can provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers of drug response. Many meta-analyses have shown that aberrant activation of the MET pathway in tumor tissue, including MET gene overexpression, gene amplification, exon 14 skipping and other activating mutations, is almost invariably associated with shorter survival and poor prognosis. Most meta-analyses have been performed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast, head and neck cancers as well as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and other gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, several studies have shown the predictive value of MET biomarkers in the identification of patients who gain the most benefit from HGF/MET targeted therapies administered as single or combination therapies. The highest predictive values have been observed for response to foretinib and savolitinib in renal cancer, as well as tivantinib in NSCLC and colorectal cancer. However, some studies, especially those based on MET expression, have failed to show much value in these stratifications. This may be rooted in lack of standardization of methodologies, in particular in scoring systems applied in immunohistochemistry determinations or absence of oncogenic addiction of cancer cells to the MET pathway, despite detection of overexpression. Measurements of amplification and mutation aberrations are less likely to suffer from these pitfalls. Increased levels of MET soluble ectodomain (sMET) in circulation have also been associated with poor prognosis; however, the evidence is not as strong as it is with tissue-based biomarkers. As a diagnostic biomarker, sMET has shown its value in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals in prostate and bladder cancers and in melanoma. On the other hand, increased circulating HGF has also been presented as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in many cancers; however, there is controversy on the predictive value of HGF as a biomarker. Other biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor HGF levels have also been briefly covered. In conclusion, HGF/MET aberrations can provide valuable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers and represent vital assets for personalized cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza Onlus , Pisa , Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer," Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hong DS, LoRusso P, Hamid O, Janku F, Kittaneh M, Catenacci DVT, Chan E, Bekaii-Saab T, Gadgeel SM, Loberg RD, Amore BM, Hwang YC, Tang R, Ngarmchamnanrith G, Kwak EL. Phase I Study of AMG 337, a Highly Selective Small-molecule MET Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2403-2413. [PMID: 30425090 PMCID: PMC6892342 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This first-in-human, open-label phase I study evaluated AMG 337, an oral, highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of MET in advanced solid tumors.Patients and Methods: Patients enrolled into dose-escalation cohorts received AMG 337 up to 400 mg once daily or up to 250 mg twice daily, following a modified 3+3+3 design. Dose expansion was conducted in MET-amplified patients at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Primary endpoints included assessment of adverse events (AEs), establishment of the MTD, and pharmacokinetics; clinical response was a secondary endpoint. RESULTS The safety analysis set included 111 patients who received ≥1 dose of AMG 337. Thirteen patients had ≥1 AE qualifying as dose-limiting toxicity. The MTD was determined to be 300 mg once daily; the MTD for twice-daily dosing was not reached. Most frequent treatment-related AEs were headache (63%) and nausea (31%). Grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs occurred in 23 patients (21%), most commonly headache (n = 6) and fatigue (n = 5). Maximum plasma concentration occurred at 3.0 hours following 300-mg once-daily dosing, indicating AMG 337 absorption soon after treatment. Objective response rate was 9.9% (11/111; 95% CI, 5.1%-17.0%) in all patients and 29.6% (8/27; 95% CI, 13.8%-50.2%) in MET-amplified patients; median (range) duration of response was 202 (51-1,430+) days in all patients and 197 (64-1,430+) days in MET-amplified patients. CONCLUSIONS Oral AMG 337 was tolerated with manageable toxicities, with an MTD and recommended phase II dose of 300 mg once daily. The promising response rate observed in patients with heavily pretreated MET-amplified tumors warrants further investigation.See related commentary by Ma, p. 2375.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | | | - Omid Hamid
- Melanoma Center, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Muaiad Kittaneh
- Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Emily Chan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Shirish M Gadgeel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Thoracic Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Benny M Amore
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Yuying C Hwang
- Global Biostatistical Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Rui Tang
- Global Biostatistical Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | | | - Eunice L Kwak
- Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dynamic expression of ZNF382 and its tumor-suppressor role in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:4804-4819. [PMID: 30804458 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Zinc-finger protein 382 (ZNF382), which belongs to zinc-finger protein family, has been documented to be downregulated in certain types of cancer. However, its role in HCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that ZNF382 expression was significantly elevated in HBV-infected liver cirrhosis tissues relative to HBV-negative normal liver tissues at protein levels, but not at mRNA levels, and was positively correlated with the levels of HBV DNA and hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx). Further studies revealed that ZNF382 was a target of miR-6867, and HBx promoted the translation of ZNF382 during HBV chronic infection through Erk-mediated miR-6867 inhibition. In addition, our data showed that ZNF382 was frequently downregulated by promoter methylation in HBV-related HCCs relative to HBV-infected liver cirrhosis tissues, and decreased expression of ZNF382 was strongly correlated with poor survival in early-stage HCC patients. Functional studies demonstrated that ZNF382 was a potent tumor suppressor in HCC cells through inhibiting cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenic potential in nude mice, and inducing cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, ZNF382 exerted its tumor-suppressor functions in HCC through transcriptionally repressing its downstream targets such as Fos proto-oncogene (FOS), Jun proto-oncogene (JUN), disheveled segment polarity protein 2 (DVL2), and frizzled class receptor 1 (FZD1), thereby impairing the activities of activating protein 1 (AP-1) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and activating p53 signaling. Altogether, our data show that ZNF382 acts as a tumor suppressor, and is co-regulated by HBx and epigenetic mechanism in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sui F, Sun W, Su X, Chen P, Hou P, Shi B, Yang Q. Gender-related differences in the association between concomitant amplification of AIB1 and HER2 and clinical outcomes in glioma patients. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1253-1259. [PMID: 30153912 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated that AIB1 or HER2 copy number gain (CNG), respectively, were independent predictors for poor prognosis of glioma patients, especially in females. We hypothesize that there are some connections between the two genes and sex-specific characteristics, thus this study aimed to analyze gender-related differences in the prognosis of glioma patients. METHODS Using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method, we examined AIB1 and HER2 CNG in gliomas samples (n = 114), and inspected the correlation of various genotypes with patients outcomes. RESULTS Concomitant AIB1 and HER2 amplification were closely related to shorter survival time and radiotherapy resistance in female gliomas patients (P < 0.01), which also served as an independent risk factor. No significant prognostic value was found with AIB1 and HER2 CNG in male patients. However, linear regression analysis showed a positive relationship between the copy number of AIB1 and HER2 (P < 0.01) in male patients, rather than female patients. CONCLUSION In this study, we reveal a gender difference in the prognostic value of concomitant AIB1 and HER2 CNG in glioma patients which were barely noticed before. These observations indicated that genetic alterations synergistic with essential respects of sex determination influence glioma biology and patients outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Wanjing Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou 253014, PR China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tu CY, Cheng FJ, Chen CM, Wang SL, Hsiao YC, Chen CH, Hsia TC, He YH, Wang BW, Hsieh IS, Yeh YL, Tang CH, Chen YJ, Huang WC. Cigarette smoke enhances oncogene addiction to c-MET and desensitizes EGFR-expressing non-small cell lung cancer to EGFR TKIs. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:705-723. [PMID: 29570930 PMCID: PMC5928373 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading risks for lung cancer and is associated with the insensitivity of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it remains undetermined whether and how cigarette smoke affects the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR TKIs. In this study, our data showed that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or tobacco smoke‐derived carcinogen benzo[α]pyrene, B[α]P, but not nicotine‐derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK), reduced the sensitivity of wild‐type EGFR‐expressing NSCLC cells to EGFR TKIs. Treatment with TKIs almost abolished EGFR tyrosine kinase activity but did not show an inhibitory effect on downstream Akt and ERK pathways in B[α]P‐treated NSCLC cells. CSE and B[α]P transcriptionally upregulate c‐MET and activate its downstream Akt pathway, which is not inhibited by EGFR TKIs. Silencing of c‐MET reduces B[α]P‐induced Akt activation. The CSE‐treated NSCLC cells are sensitive to the c‐MET inhibitor crizotinib. These findings suggest that cigarette smoke augments oncogene addiction to c‐MET in NSCLC cells and that MET inhibitors may show clinical benefits for lung cancer patients with a smoking history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Tu
- Department of Life Science, the iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Science, the iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Hsiao
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Center, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao He
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Shan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Azarkhazin F, Tehrani GA. Detecting promoter methylation pattern of apoptotic genes Apaf1 and Caspase8 in gastric carcinoma patients undergoing chemotherapy. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:295-302. [PMID: 29755768 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation patterns in cells dysregulation CpG island methylation of genes involved in cancer leads to increased levels of the cancer. Restoration of the apoptotic route in tumor cells of stomach in order for placing Casp8 and Apaf1 genes is a proper approach for new treatments of gastric cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the pattern of methylation promoter in apoptotic genes of Casp8 and Apaf1 and gastric carcinoma in patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 samples of FFPE tumor, normal tissues and blood samples. Hyper-methylation analysis of Casp8 and Apaf1 genes was conducted using MSP method; the results were analyzed through electrophoresis on agarose gel and software spss20. Results In this study, methylation rate of Apaf1 gene with (P>0.05) was not significant but methylation rate of Casp8 gene with (P<0.05) was significant. In addition, there was a significant relationship between Apaf1 gene methylation in blood with stage (P<0.05), Apaf1 gene methylation in tissue with stage (P<0.05) and grade (P<0.01) and between Casp8 gene methylation in blood with age (P<0.001) of patients but no significant relationship was seen for other factors. Conclusions Our results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and can be utilized as prognostic biomarkers for it. Also no significant difference between Casp8 and Apaf1 promoter hypermethylation in blood and tissue samples indicated that methylation status of blood sample can be early and non-invasive diagnostic marker in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Azarkhazin
- Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play an important role in a variety of cellular processes including growth, motility, differentiation, and metabolism. As such, dysregulation of RTK signaling leads to an assortment of human diseases, most notably, cancers. Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed the presence of various alterations in the genes encoding RTKs such as EGFR, HER2/ErbB2, and MET, amongst many others. Abnormal RTK activation in human cancers is mediated by four principal mechanisms: gain-of-function mutations, genomic amplification, chromosomal rearrangements, and / or autocrine activation. In this manuscript, we review the processes whereby RTKs are activated under normal physiological conditions and discuss several mechanisms whereby RTKs can be aberrantly activated in human cancers. Understanding of these mechanisms has important implications for selection of anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu R, Qu Y, Chen L, Pu J, Ma S, Zhang X, Yang Q, Shi B, Hou P, Ji M. Genomic copy number gains of ErbB family members predict poor clinical outcomes in glioma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92275-92288. [PMID: 29190914 PMCID: PMC5696180 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate copy number of ErbB family members (including EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4) in a cohort of gliomas and benign meningiomas (control subjects), and explore the associations of their copy number with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of glioma patients. Using real-time quantitative PCR assay, we demonstrated that copy number of EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4 in glioma patients was significantly increased compared to control subjects. Moreover, our data also showed that the risk of cancer-related death was positively associated with copy number gain (CNG) of EGFR, HER3 and HER4, but not HER2. CNG of EGFR and HER2 was positively related to radiotherapy, while CNG of HER3 and HER4 was negatively related to chemotherapy. Importantly, EGFR CNG significantly shortened median survival times of glioma patients regardless of gender, tumor grade and therapeutic regimens. Stratified analysis showed that CNG of HER2-4 almost did not influence the survival of male patients, patients with high-grade tumors and patients receiving chemotherapy, but dramatically shortened median survival times of female patients, those with low-grade tumors and those receiving radiotherapy. Collectively, our data not only demonstrate that the members of ErbB family are frequently amplified in gliomas, but also suggest that these common genetic events may be prognostic factors for poor clinical outcomes in glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China.,Department of Radio-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Sharui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schroeder RD, Choi W, Hong DS, McConkey DJ. Autophagy is required for crizotinib-induced apoptosis in MET-amplified gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51675-51687. [PMID: 28881678 PMCID: PMC5584279 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MET amplification has been clinically credentialed as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer, but the molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity and resistance to MET inhibitors are still not well understood. Using whole-genome mRNA expression profiling, we identified autophagy as a top molecular pathway that was activated by the MET inhibitor crizotinib in drug-sensitive human gastric cancer cells, and functional studies confirmed that crizotinib increased autophagy levels in the drug-sensitive cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We then used chemical and molecular approaches to inhibit autophagy in order to define its role in cell death. The clinically available inhibitor of autophagy, chloroquine, or RNAi-mediated knockdown of two obligate components of the autophagy pathway (ATG5 and ATG7) blocked cell death induced by crizotinib or RNAi-mediated knockdown of MET, and mechanistic studies localized the effects of autophagy to cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. Overall, the data reveal a novel relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells exposed to MET inhibitors. The observations suggest that autophagy inhibitors should not be used to enhance the effects of MET inhibitors in gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D Schroeder
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David J McConkey
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang XY, Zhang PY. Gastric cancer: somatic genetics as a guide to therapy. J Med Genet 2016; 54:305-312. [PMID: 27609016 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the world, with poor prognosis and a median overall survival of ≤12 months for advanced stage gastric cancer. Environmental, genetic and other predisposing factors contribute to the development of gastric cancer and a predominant factor was found to be infection of Helicobacter pylori Advances in understanding the deranged signalling pathways that are critical for normal cellular homeostasis helped in the development of novel drugs that target specific proteins and pathways to curtail the growth of gastric cancer. Genetic studies revealed several single nucleotide polymorphisms, chromosomal aberrations and epigenetic alterations that likely play a major role in elevating the susceptibility to develop gastric cancer. Methylation pattern of specific genes may likely prove to be a valid biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer, but much progress is needed to establish specific markers. Important developments have been made in targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 for treating advanced gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, using specific monoclonal antibodies. Lack of efficacy with regard to targeting other signalling pathways including mesenchymal-epithelial transition/hepatocyte growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin is probably due to suboptimal patient selection for these clinical trials, which is probably due to the lack of appropriate biomarkers, to decide on responsive patient population. Besides the development of antagonists for the cell growth-related signalling pathways, advances are also being made to tackle gastric cancer by immunotherapies, targeting immune check-points, which may hold promise for better treatment options in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Information Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Ying Zhang
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kawakami H, Okamoto I. MET-targeted therapy for gastric cancer: the importance of a biomarker-based strategy. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:687-95. [PMID: 26690587 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The MET protooncogene encodes the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET (MET). Aberrant activation of MET signaling occurs in a subset of advanced malignancies, including gastric cancer, and promotes tumor cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion as well as tumor angiogenesis, suggesting its potential importance as a therapeutic target. MET can be activated by two distinct pathways that are dependent on or independent of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), with the latter pathway having been attributed mostly to MET amplification in gastric cancer. Preclinical evidence has suggested that interruption of the HGF-MET axis either with antibodies to HGF or with MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has antitumor effects in gastric cancer cells. Overexpression of MET occurs frequently in gastric cancer and has been proposed as a potential predictive biomarker for anti-MET therapy. However, several factors can trigger such MET upregulation in a manner independent of HGF, suggesting that gastric tumors with MET overexpression are not necessarily MET driven. On the other hand, gastric cancer cells with MET amplification are dependent on MET signaling for their survival and are thus vulnerable to MET TKI treatment. Given the low prevalence of MET amplification in gastric cancer (approximately 8 %), testing for this genetic change would substantially narrow the target population but it might constitute a better biomarker than MET overexpression for MET TKI therapy. We compare aberrant MET signaling dependent on the HGF-MET axis or on MET amplification as well as address clinical issues and challenges associated with the identification of appropriate biomarkers for MET-driven tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jou E, Rajdev L. Current and emerging therapies in unresectable and recurrent gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4812-23. [PMID: 27239108 PMCID: PMC4873874 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i20.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide despite many advances and options in therapy. As it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, prognosis is poor with a median overall survival of less than twelve months. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for these patients but it confers only a moderate survival advantage. There remains a need for new targeted treatment options and a way to better define patient populations who will benefit from these agents. In the past few years, there has been a better understanding of the biology, molecular profiling, and heterogeneity of gastric cancer. Our increased knowledge has led to the identification of gastric cancer subtypes and to the development of new targeted therapeutic agents. There are now two new targeted agents, trastuzumab and ramucirumab, that have recently been approved for the treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer. There are also many other actively investigated targets, including epidermal growth factor receptor, the phosphatadylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, c-Met, poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and immune checkpoint inhibition. In this review, we discuss the current management of advanced gastric cancer as well as emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Shi J, Liu W, Sui F, Lu R, He Q, Yang Q, Lv H, Shi B, Hou P. Frequent amplification of AIB1, a critical oncogene modulating major signaling pathways, is associated with poor survival in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14344-59. [PMID: 25970779 PMCID: PMC4546471 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) is a member of p160 steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family that mediates the transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. It acts as a major oncogene in diverse cancers, whereas biological function of AIB1 in gastric cancer remains largely unclear. This study was designed to explore the role of AIB1 in gastric tumorigenesis and its potential as a useful prognostic marker and therapeutic target in this cancer. Our data demonstrated that AIB1 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues as compared with control subjects. Moreover, AIB1 amplification was found in 47 of 133 (35.3%) gastric cancer cases, but not in control subjects. AIB1 amplification was positively associated with its protein expression, and was significantly correlated with poor patient survival. AIB1 knockdown in gastric cancer cells dramatically inhibited cell proliferation, invasiveness and tumorigenic potential in nude mice, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanically, AIB1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, survival and invasiveness through modulating major signaling pathways such as ErbB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Collectively, these findings suggest that AIB1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and represents a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deng J, Liang H, Ying G, Dong Q, Zhang R, Yu J, Fan D, Hao X. Poor survival is associated with the methylated degree of zinc-finger protein 545 (ZNF545) DNA promoter in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4482-95. [PMID: 25714013 PMCID: PMC4414205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger protein 545 (ZNF545) was identified as a gastric tumour suppressor and potentially independent prognostic factor. At the present study, we found that lower expression of ZNF545 was specific in gastric cancer (GC) tissues, and the inconsistently methylated levels of ZNF545 promoter were identified in the gastric cancer tissues. In the methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis cohort, we found that GC patients with hypermethylated ZNF545 promoter exhibited significantly shorter median OS than those with unmethylated ZNF545 promoter and those with hypomethylated ZNF545 promoter. In the other cohort, we also demonstrated that GC patients with three or more methylated CpG sites in the ZNF545 promoter were significantly associated with poor survival by using the bisulphite gene sequencing (BGS). The methylated degrees of five CpG sites (−232, −214, −176, −144 and −116) could also provide distinct survival discrimination of patients with GC. These findings indicated that the methylated CpG sites of the ZNF545 promoter could be used for the clinical prediction of the prognosis of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuping Dong
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rupeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of HongKong, Shatin, HongKong
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang N, She J, Liu W, Shi J, Yang Q, Shi B, Hou P. Frequent amplification of PTP1B is associated with poor survival of gastric cancer patients. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:732-43. [PMID: 25590580 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2014.998047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, has been implicated in gastric pathogenesis. Several lines of recent evidences have shown that PTP1B is highly amplified in breast and prostate cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate PTP1B amplification in gastric cancer and its association with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients, and further determine the role of PTP1B in gastric tumorigenesis. Our data demonstrated that PTP1B was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues as compared with matched normal gastric tissues by using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. In addition, copy number analysis showed that PTP1B was amplified in 68/131 (51.9%) gastric cancer cases, whereas no amplification was found in the control subjects. Notably, PTP1B amplification was positively associated with its protein expression, and was significantly related to poor survival of gastric cancer patients. Knocking down PTP1B expression in gastric cancer cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrested and apoptosis. Mechanically, PTP1B promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, survival and invasiveness through modulating Src-related signaling pathways, such as Src/Ras/MAPK and Src/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. Collectively, our data demonstrated frequent overexpression and amplification PTP1B in gastric cancer, and further determined the oncogenic role of PTP1B in gastric carcinogenesis. Importantly, PTP1B amplification predicts poor survival of gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Key Words
- Akt, serine/threonine protein kinase
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Erk, elk-related tyrosine kinase
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- FITC, fluoresceine isothiocyanate
- FOXO3a, Forkhead class O transcription factor 3a
- Gastric cancer
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HR, hazard ratio
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMPs, metalloproteinases
- MTT, 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- Mdm2, mouse double minute 2
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PTP1B
- PTP1B, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- RPMI 1640, Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640
- RT-PCR, Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- genomic amplification
- poor prognosis
- siRNA, short interfering RNA.
- signaling pathways
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- a Department of Endocrinology ; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine ; Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Inokuchi M, Otsuki S, Fujimori Y, Sato Y, Nakagawa M, Kojima K. Clinical significance of MET in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:317-327. [PMID: 26600931 PMCID: PMC4644854 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i11.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has become the global standard treatment for patients with metastatic or unresectable gastric cancer (GC), although outcomes remain unfavorable. Many molecular-targeted therapies inhibiting signaling pathways of various tyrosine kinase receptors have been developed, and monoclonal antibodies targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 have become standard therapy for GC. Hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor, c-MET (MET), play key roles in tumor growth through activated signaling pathways from receptor in GC cells. Genomic amplification of MET leads to the aberrant activation found in GC tumors and is related to survival in patients with GC. This review discusses the clinical significance of MET in GC and examines MET as a potential therapeutic target in patients with GC. Preclinical studies in animal models have shown that MET antibodies or small-molecule MET inhibitors suppress tumor-cell proliferation and tumor progression in MET-amplified GC cells. These drugs are now being evaluated in clinical trials as treatments for metastatic or unresectable GC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Peng Z, Li Z, Gao J, Lu M, Gong J, Tang ET, Oliner KS, Hei YJ, Zhou H, Shen L. Tumor MET Expression and Gene Amplification in Chinese Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2634-41. [PMID: 26330547 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MET and its sole ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), are promising targets in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. We evaluated whether MET protein expression or MET gene amplification is prognostic for overall survival (OS) in Chinese patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples from patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer enrolled in clinical trials at Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2008 to 2010 were assessed for MET and phospho-MET (p-MET) expression by immunohistochemistry and MET amplification by FISH. MET-positive expression was defined as membrane protein staining in ≥25% of tumor cells. MET amplification was defined as MET:centromere 7 ratio >2.0. We tested the association of MET status with clinical characteristics and OS, and also evaluated the association between expression and amplification. One hundred sixty-eight patients were eligible. Of the evaluable samples, 53 of 137 (39%) were MET positive, eight of 134 (6%) were p-MET positive, and eight of 113 (7%) were MET amplified. Neither MET expression nor MET amplification were associated with clinical characteristics, except Lauren classification (P = 0.04); MET amplification was associated with diffuse type. No significant OS difference was observed between MET-positive and MET-negative populations, regardless of first-line chemotherapy received. In 95 evaluable patients, MET expression was significantly associated with MET amplification (P < 0.001); all MET-amplified tumor samples showed some MET expression. In 96 evaluable patients, p-MET positivity was significantly associated with MET amplification (P < 0.001). Further evaluation in larger and independent sample sets is warranted to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jifang Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - En-Tzu Tang
- Biostatistical Science, Amgen Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Kelly S Oliner
- Molecular Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | | | - Hui Zhou
- Medical Department, Amgen Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Peczek L, Zuk K, Stec-Michalska K, Medrek M, Nawrot B. The influence of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the expression and methylation status of the FHIT gene in non-cancerous gastric mucosa of dyspeptic patients. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:385-94. [PMID: 25943773 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on the expression level of the FHIT gene and its methylation status in the gastric mucosa of dyspeptic patients with or without a family history of gastric cancer (FHGC). METHODS In all, 31 patients with H. pylori infection including 13 with FHGC were enrolled in the study. The effectiveness of H. pylori eradication were confirmed by UBT, RUT and multiplex PCR (the presence of selected H. pylori strains) for biopsy samples from the antrum and corpus. Histopathological assessment was also performed. The expression of FHIT mRNA was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the methylation status of the FHIT promoter was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS After H. pylori eradication, the improvement of inflammation from superficial gastritis to normal mucosa (G → N) was observed in 39% of the patients without FHGC and in 54% of those with FHGC. FHIT mRNA expression was increased in patients without FHGC after H. pylori eradication (P < 0.05), while there was no statistically significant change in gene methylation status after H. pylori eradication (P > 0.05). For the samples from those with FHGC, the FHIT mRNA expression was not significantly changed and the methylation status fluctuated evenly. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori eradication results in the improvement of gastric mucosal inflammation and histopathological non-atrophic changes. The FHIT gene expression is increased in patients without FHGC, which may contribute to the prevention of GC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Peczek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Zuk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Marta Medrek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu Y, Li Z, Zhang C, Yu K, Teng Z, Zheng G, Wang S, Liu Y, Cui L, Yu X. CD44 family proteins in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis and narrative review. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3595-3606. [PMID: 26064255 PMCID: PMC4443089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With a meta-analysis and narrative review, we evaluated the clinical and prognostic role of all CD44 family proteins in gastric cancer (GC). Literatures published up to August 2014 were searched on PubMed. Among the 37 eligible studies (6606 patients), 34 were included in meta-analysis, and 10 were subjected to narrative review. With meta-analysis, standard CD44 (CD44s) was demonstrated to predict reduced overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.58-2.34, PHR = 0.0222) and disease free survival (HR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.02-9.68, PHR = 0.0469), advanced N-stage (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.21, PRR = 0.0019), and distant metastasis (RR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.46-3.14, PRR < 0.0001) of GC. CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) in GC might influence OS (5 studies; HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.75-2.14, PHR = 0.3783; 4 studies; HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.14, PHR = 0.0139), while significantly associated with N-stage (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.48, PRR = 0.0240), M-stage (RR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.08-6.00, PRR = 0.0333), TNM-stage (RR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.18-2.50, PRR = 0.0045), Lauren type (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91, PRR = 0.0106), lymphatic invasion (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.23, PRR = 0.0057), and liver metastasis (RR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.94-5.27, PRR < 0.0001) of the disease. Moreover, a narrative review was performed for CD44 isoforms, such as v3, v5, v7, v8-10, and v9, in GC. In conclusion, CD44s and CD44v6 as evaluated by immunohistochemistry, respectively, predicts the prognosis and disease severity of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zan Teng
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoliang Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Information Management and Information System (Medicine), China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaosong Yu
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Deng J, Liang H, Ying G, Li H, Xie X, Yu J, Fan D, Hao X. Methylation of ras association domain protein 10 (RASSF10) promoter negative association with the survival of gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:916-923. [PMID: 25520879 PMCID: PMC4266723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to elucidate the prognostic prediction value of the methylation of the RASSF10 promoter in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS A total of 300 patients with GC revealed the methylation degrees of the DNA of the RASSF10 promoter. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis was performed to qualitatively detect the methylated degrees of the DNA of the RASSF10 promoter of 300 patients with GC. Associations between molecular, clinicopathological and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS The protein and mRNA expressions of RASSF10 in GC tissues were lower than those in normal gastric mucosal tissues. In the MSP analysis cohort, patients with methylated RASSF10 promoter exhibited significantly shorter median OS than those with unmethylated RASSF10 promoter (P < 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis results showed that methylated RASSF10 promoter was an independent predictor of the survival of patients with GC. CONCLUSIONS The methylation of the RASSF10 promoter could be applied for the clinical prediction of the prognosis of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Haixin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Xingming Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong Kong
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, City Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shi J, Qu YP, Hou P. Pathogenetic mechanisms in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13804-13819. [PMID: 25320518 PMCID: PMC4194564 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major public health issue as the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Recent advances have improved our understanding of its molecular pathogenesis, as best exemplified by elucidating the fundamental role of several major signaling pathways and related molecular derangements. Central to these mechanisms are the genetic and epigenetic alterations in these signaling pathways, such as gene mutations, copy number variants, aberrant gene methylation and histone modification, nucleosome positioning, and microRNAs. Some of these genetic/epigenetic alterations represent effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC. This information has now opened unprecedented opportunities for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this cancer. The pathogenetic mechanisms of GC are the focus of this review.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li B, Rao N, Liu D, Yang Y, Liu D, Li Y, Liu H, Gan T, Ding H, Lin H. Analysis of connection networks among miRNAs differentially expressed in early gastric cancer for disclosing some biological features of disease development. Gene 2014; 548:159-65. [PMID: 25014139 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper first identified differentially expressed miRNAs associated with early gastric cancer and then respectively constructed relevant connection networks among the identified differentially expressed miRNAs that corresponded to early gastric cancer and control tissues. Twenty-three differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, 18 of which were different with the related results on the same data, and they provide great discriminatory power between patients and controls. There are not only conserved unchangeable sub-networks but also different sub-networks between the two connection networks. From the consistency and differences between two connection networks, we disclosed several new biological features that promote early gastric cancer development. This study shows 23 miRNAs that are early gastric cancer-specific and are worthy to do further experimental studies. The revealed biological features for early gastric cancer will provide new insights into improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Nini Rao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dingyu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingyun Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanming Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gan
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The prognostic value of CD44 expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:693-7. [PMID: 25194445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to examine the association between CD44 expression and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). However, the conclusions remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis study of 16 published studies with 2403 patients to evaluate the correlation between CD44 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of the GC patients. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the correlation of CD44 expression with the clinicopathological features of GC patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between CD44 and prognosis of GC patients. Total CD44 expression was detected in ten studies, and CD44v5 and CD44v6 expressions were detected in one and five papers, respectively. The results revealed that CD44 expression was associated with some clinicopahological features, such as lymph node metastasis (pooled OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.44-2.34, P=0.000), distant metastasis (pooled OR=3.29, 95% CI=1.90-5.67, P=0.001) and TNM stage (Pooled OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.13-2.99, P=0.014). Moreover, we also found that GC patients with positive CD44 expression had a worse prognosis than the ones with negative CD44 expression (HR=1.93, 95% CI=1.54-2.42, P=0.000). In stratified analysis, the combined HR with CD44 and CD44v6 was 2.20 (95% CI=1.81-2.67) and 1.70 (95% CI=1.00-2.90), respectively. These results suggested that positive CD44 expression could predict a lower overall survival rate and could be an independent dangerous prognostic factor in GC patients.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kawakami H, Okamoto I, Okamoto W, Tanizaki J, Nakagawa K, Nishio K. Targeting MET Amplification as a New Oncogenic Driver. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1540-52. [PMID: 25055117 PMCID: PMC4190554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain genetically defined cancers are dependent on a single overactive oncogene for their proliferation and survival, a phenomenon known as "oncogene addiction". A new generation of drugs that selectively target such "driver oncogenes" manifests a clinical efficacy greater than that of conventional chemotherapy in appropriate genetically defined patients. MET is a proto-oncogene that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, and aberrant activation of MET signaling occurs in a subset of advanced cancers as result of various genetic alterations including gene amplification, polysomy, and gene mutation. Our preclinical studies have shown that inhibition of MET signaling either with the small-molecule MET inhibitor crizotinib or by RNA interference targeted to MET mRNA resulted in marked antitumor effects in cancer cell lines with MET amplification both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, patients with non-small cell lung cancer or gastric cancer positive for MET amplification have shown a pronounced clinical response to crizotinib. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence thus suggests that MET amplification is an "oncogenic driver" and therefore a valid target for treatment. However, the prevalence of MET amplification has not been fully determined, possibly in part because of the difficulty in evaluating gene amplification. In this review, we provide a rationale for targeting this genetic alteration in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Junko Tanizaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang W, Raufi A, Klempner SJ. Targeted therapy for gastric cancer: molecular pathways and ongoing investigations. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:232-7. [PMID: 24858418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is currently the second leading cause of worldwide cancer mortality. Ongoing collaborative sequencing efforts have highlighted recurrent somatic genomic aberrations in gastric cancer, however, despite advances in characterizing the genomic landscape, there have been few advances in patient outcomes. Prognosis remains poor with a median overall survival of 12 months for advanced disease. The improved survival with trastuzumab, and more recently ramucirumab, underscore the promise of targeted and biologic therapies and the importance of molecular tumor characterization in gastric cancer. Here we review the most frequent actionable alterations in gastric cancer and highlight ongoing clinical investigations attempting to translate biologic understanding into improved clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- University of California Irvine, Department of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Raufi
- University of California Irvine, Department of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- University of California Irvine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Orange, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nielsen TO, Friis-Hansen L, Poulsen SS, Federspiel B, Sorensen BS. Expression of the EGF family in gastric cancer: downregulation of HER4 and its activating ligand NRG4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94606. [PMID: 24728052 PMCID: PMC3984243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women. The epidermal growth factor receptors are EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4. Of the four epidermal growth factor receptors, EGFR and HER2 are well-known oncogenes involved in gastric cancer. Little, however, is known about the role played by HER3 and HER4 in this disease. We obtained paired samples from the tumor and the adjacent normal tissue from the same patient undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. Using RT-qPCR, we quantified the mRNA expression of the four receptors including the HER4 splicing isoforms and all the ligands activating these receptors. Using immunohistochemistry, the protein expression of HER4 was also quantified. We found that HER2 mRNA expression was upregulated in the tumor tissue compared to the matched normal tissue (p = 0.0520). All ligands with affinity for EGFR were upregulated, whereas the expression of EGFR was unchanged. Interestingly, we found the mRNA expression of HER4 (p = 0.0002) and its ligand NRG4 (p = 0.0009) to be downregulated in the tumor tissue compared to the matched normal tissue. HER4 downregulation was demonstrated for all the alternatively spliced isoforms of this receptor. These results support the involvement of EGFR and HER2 in gastric cancer and suggest an interesting association of reduced HER4 expression with development of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lennart Friis-Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Seier Poulsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Federspiel
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Boe Sandahl Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lacroix L, Post SF, Valent A, Melkane AE, Vielh P, Egile C, Castell C, Larois C, Micallef S, Saulnier P, Goulaouic H, Lefebvre AM, Temam S. MET genetic abnormalities unreliable for patient selection for therapeutic intervention in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84319. [PMID: 24465403 PMCID: PMC3894941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of MET genetic alteration, mutation, or amplification in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) could lead to development of MET selective kinase inhibitors. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and prognostic value of MET gene mutation, amplification, and protein expression in primary OPSCC. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients treated for single primary OPSCC between January 2007 and December 2009. Pre-treatment OPSCC tissue samples were analyzed for MET mutations, gene amplification, and overexpression using Sanger sequencing, FISH analysis, and immunohistochemistry respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze correlations between molecular abnormalities and patient survival. Results 143 patients were included in this study. Six cases (4%) were identified that had a genetic variation, but previously described mutations such as p.Tyr1235Asp (Y1235D) or p.Tyr1230Cys (Y1230C) were not detected. There were 15 high polysomy cases, and only 3 cases met the criteria for true MET amplification, with ≥10% amplified cells per case. Immunohistochemistry evaluation showed 43% of cases were c-MET negative and in 57% c-MET was observed at the tumor cell level. Multivariate analysis showed no significant association between MET mutation, amplification, or expression and survival. Conclusions Our study shows a low frequency of MET mutations and amplification in this cohort of OPSCC. There was no significant correlation between MET mutations, amplification, or expression and patient survival. These results suggest that patient selection based on these MET genetic abnormalities may not be a reliable strategy for therapeutic intervention in OPSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Lacroix
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Translational Research Laboratory and Biobank, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie F. Post
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Valent
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Translational Research Laboratory and Biobank, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine E. Melkane
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Vielh
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Translational Research Laboratory and Biobank, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Christelle Larois
- Department of Biologics Scientific Core Platform (BioSCP), Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sandrine Micallef
- Department of Scientific Core Platform Clinical and Scientific Operations (SCP CSO), Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- Translational Research Laboratory and Biobank, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anne-Marie Lefebvre
- Department of Biologics Scientific Core Platform (BioSCP), Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Stéphane Temam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Prognostic significance of MET amplification and expression in gastric cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84502. [PMID: 24416238 PMCID: PMC3885582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS MET, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed and activated in a subset of gastric cancer. Several studies investigated the relationship between MET amplification and expression with the clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer, but yielded conflicting results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the influence of MET amplification and expression on prognosis in gastric cancer. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies that explored the association between MET amplification and expression with survival in patients with gastric cancer up to 1 April, 2013. Data of individual hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for meta-analyses were extracted from the publications and combined in pooled HRs. RESULTS Fourteen studies involving 2,258 patients with gastric cancer were included. It was suggested that MET overexpression had an unfavorable impact on survival of patients with gastric cancer, with HRs (95% CIs) of 2.57 (95% CI: 1.97-3.35) overall, 2.82 (95% CI: 1.86-4.27) among studies using amplification for measure scale of MET and 2.42 (95% CI: 1.66-3.54) for expression. The magnitude of association was reduced whereas remained statistically significant in high quality studies or in larger sample size studies and corresponding HRs were 2.18(1.76, 2.70) and 2.35(1.93, 2.87), respectively, without significant heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The findings from present study indicated that higher MET gene amplification and expression in gastric cancer was an indicator of poor prognosis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang G, Qu Y, Dang S, Yang Q, Shi B, Hou P. Variable copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) predicts worse prognosis in advanced gastric cancer patients. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:173. [PMID: 24144008 PMCID: PMC4015835 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is widely reported in various human cancers, including gastric cancer, and is considered to be an important hallmark of cancers. However, there is remarkably little consensus on the value of variable mtDNA content in the prognostic evaluation of this cancer. METHODS Using real-time quantitative PCR approach, we examined mtDNA copy number in a cohort of gastric cancers and normal gastric tissues, and explored the association of variable mtDNA content with clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients. RESULTS Our data showed that the majority of gastric cancer patients had low mtDNA content as compared to control subjects although the relative mean mtDNA content was higher in the former than the latter. Moreover, we found that variable mtDNA content was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis and cancer-related death of the patients with late-stage tumors. Notably, variable mtDNA content did not affect overall survival of gastric cancer patients, however, we found that increased mtDNA content was associated with poor survival in the patients with late-stage tumors. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that variable mtDNA content markedly increased the risk of lymph node metastasis and high mortality of the patients with late-stage tumors. Additionally, we found a strong link between increased mtDNA content and worse survival of the patients with late-stage tumors. Taken together, variable mtDNA content may be a valuable poor prognostic factor for advanced gastric cancer patients. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1344721463103353.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, the People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Teng L, Lu J. cMET as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1247-54. [PMID: 24141315 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite improvements in surgery and chemotherapy, the outcomes in patients with advanced gastric cancer remain poor. cMET is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, and plays a key role in tumor survival, growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. cMET overexpression and/or gene amplification occurs in a significant proportion of gastric cancers. cMET is associated with a high tumor stage and poor prognosis. Several cMET inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials, and the initial results are encouraging. It has become increasingly apparent that cMET is a promising therapeutic target in gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the development of cMET inhibitors in the preclinical and clinical environment. In addition, we discuss the challenges of cMET-targeted therapy in gastric cancer and explore possible solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Directing HER4 mRNA expression towards the CYT2 isoform by antisense oligonucleotide decreases growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2291-8. [PMID: 23695025 PMCID: PMC3681029 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The tyrosine kinase receptor HER4 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. It plays diverse roles in cancer development and cancer progression and can both exert oncogenic and tumour-suppressive activities. Alternatively spliced isoforms of HER4 are critical to the different signalling possibilities of HER4. Methods: We use a splice-switching oligonucleotide (SSO) to direct the alternative splicing of HER4 from the CYT1 to the CYT2 isoform in HER4-expressing breast cancer cells. Results: Treatment with a target-specific SSO was accompanied by a decreased growth of the cells (P<0.0001). In addition, the SSO treatment induced a decreased activity of Akt. We confirmed the SSO-dependent switching of the HER4 isoform CYT1 to CYT2 expression in a xenografted mouse tumour model driven by subcutaneously injected MCF7 cells. We hence demonstrated the feasibility of SSO-directed splice-switching activity in vivo. Furthermore, the SSO treatment efficiently decreased the growth of the xenografted tumour (P=0.0014). Conclusion: An SSO directing the splicing of HER4 towards the CYT2 isoform has an inhibitory effect of cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These results may pave the way for the development of new anticancer drugs in HER4-deregulated cancers in humans.
Collapse
|
42
|
Qu Y, Dang S, Hou P. Gene methylation in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:53-65. [PMID: 23669186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Over 70% of new cases and deaths occur in developing countries. In the early years of the molecular biology revolution, cancer research mainly focuses on genetic alterations, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Recent advancements in the rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics have shown extensive reprogramming of every component of the epigenetic machinery in cancer, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, noncoding RNAs, and microRNAs. Aberrant DNA methylation in the promoter regions of gene, which leads to inactivation of tumor suppressor and other cancer-related genes in cancer cells, is the most well-defined epigenetic hallmark in gastric cancer. The advantages of gene methylation as a target for detection and diagnosis of cancer in biopsy specimens and non-invasive body fluids such as serum and gastric washes have led to many studies of application in gastric cancer. This review focuses on the most common and important phenomenon of epigenetics, DNA methylation, in gastric cancer and illustrates the impact epigenetics has had on this field.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5-hmC
- 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
- 5-mC
- 5-methylcytosine
- ADAM metallopeptidase domain 23
- ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9
- ADAM23
- ADAMTS9
- AML
- APC
- ARID1A
- AT motif-binding factor 1
- AT rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like)
- ATBF1
- Acute myelocytic leukemia
- Adenomatosis polyposis coli
- B-cell translocation gene 4
- BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3
- BMP-2
- BNIP3
- BS
- BTG4
- Biomarkers
- Bisulfite sequencing
- Bone morphogenetic protein 2
- C-MET
- CACNA1G
- CACNA2D3
- CD44
- CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
- CDH1
- CDK4
- CDK6
- CDKN1C
- CDKN2A
- CDX2
- CGI
- CHD5
- CHFR
- CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3
- CMTM3
- CNS
- CRBP1
- Cadherin 1 or E-cadherin
- Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1G subunit
- Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 3
- Caudal type homeobox 2
- Central nervous system
- Checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
- Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5
- Chromosome 2 open reading frame 40
- Clinical outcomes
- CpG islands
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
- Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B
- DAB2 interacting protein
- DACT1
- DAPK
- DNA
- DNA methylatransferases
- DNA mismatch repair
- DNMT
- Dapper, antagonist of beta-catenin, homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)
- Death-associated protein kinase
- Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
- Dickkopf 3 homolog (Xenopus laevis)
- Dkk-3
- EBV
- ECRG4
- EDNRB
- EGCG
- ERBB4
- Endothelin receptor type B
- Epigallocatechin gallate
- Epigenetics
- Epstein–Barr Virus
- FDA
- FLNc
- Filamin C
- Food and Drug Administration
- GC
- GDNF
- GI endoscopy
- GPX3
- GRIK2
- GSTP1
- Gastric cancer
- Gene methylation
- Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2
- Glutathione S-transferase pi 1
- Glutathione peroxidase 3 (plasma)
- H. pylori
- HACE1
- HAI-2/SPINT2
- HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1
- HGFA
- HLTF
- HOXA1
- HOXA10
- HRAS-like suppressor
- HRASLS
- Helicase-like transcription factor
- Helicobacter pylori
- Homeobox A1
- Homeobox A10
- Homeobox D10
- HoxD10
- IGF-1
- IGF-1R
- IGFBP3
- IL-1β
- ITGA4
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)
- Insulin-like growth factor I receptor
- Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
- Integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor)
- Interleukin 1, beta
- KL
- KRAS
- Klotho
- LL3
- LMP2A
- LOX
- LRP1B
- Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B
- Lysyl oxidase
- MAPK
- MBPs
- MDS
- MGMT
- MINT25
- MLF1
- MLL
- MMR
- MSI
- MSP
- Matrix metallopeptidase 24 (membrane-inserted)
- Met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor)
- Methyl-CpG binding proteins
- Methylation-specific PCR
- Microsatellite instability
- Myeloid leukemia factor 1
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax homolog, Drosophila)
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 3
- NDRG family member 2
- NDRG2
- NPR1
- NR3C1
- Natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A
- Notch 1
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor)
- O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
- PCDH10
- PCDH17
- PI3K/Akt
- PIK3CA
- PR domain containing 5
- PRDM5
- PTCH1
- Patched 1
- Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6
- Protocadherin 10
- Protocadherin 17
- Q-MSP
- Quantitative methylation-specific PCR
- RAR-related orphan receptor A
- RARRES1
- RARß
- RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK
- RASSF1A
- RASSF2
- RBP1
- RKIP
- RORA
- ROS
- RUNX3
- Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1
- Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 2
- Rb
- Retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 1
- Retinoic acid receptor, beta
- Retinol binding protein 1, cellular
- Runt-related transcription factor 3
- S-adenosylmethionine
- SAM
- SFRP2
- SFRP5
- SHP1
- SOCS-1
- STAT3
- SYK
- Secreted frizzled-related protein 2
- Secreted frizzled-related protein 5
- Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2
- Spleen tyrosine kinase
- Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
- TCF4
- TET
- TFPI2
- TGF-β
- TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3
- TIMP3
- TNM
- TP73
- TSP1
- Thrombospondin 1
- Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2
- Transcription factor 4
- Tumor Node Metastasis
- Tumor protein p73
- V-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4
- ZFP82 zinc finger protein
- ZIC1
- ZNF545
- Zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1
- gastrointestinal endoscopy
- glial cell derived neurotrophic factor
- hDAB2IP
- hMLH1
- hepatocyte growth factor activator
- latent membrane protein
- mutL homolog 1
- myelodysplastic syndromes
- p15
- p16
- p21
- p27
- p53
- p73
- phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha
- phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt
- reactive oxygen species
- retinoblastoma
- signal transducer and activator of transcription-3
- ten-eleven translocation
- transforming growth factor-β
- tumor protein p53
- tumor protein p73
- v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|