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Campos MT, Maia LF, Popović-Djordjević J, Edwards HG, de Oliveira LF. Ripening process in exocarps of scarlet eggplant ( Solanum aethiopicum) and banana ( Musa spp.) investigated by Raman spectroscopy. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2024; 8:100204. [PMID: 38659653 PMCID: PMC11039347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2024.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we used Raman spectroscopy to identify compounds present at different maturation stages of the exocarp of scarlet eggplant and two banana cultivars, 'prata' and 'nanica'. Raman spectral analyses of both fruits showed bands attributed to phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and fatty acids. During the scarlet eggplant's maturation process, Raman spectral profile changes are mainly observed in the carotenoid content rather than flavonoids. Furthermore, it is suggested that naringenin chalcone together with β-carotene determines the orange-red color of the ripe stage. Variations in chemical composition among the maturation stages of bananas were observed predominantly in 'prata' when compared to 'nanica'. In contrast to scarlet eggplant changes in the spectral profile were more evident in the content of the flavonoid/phenolic acids. The in situ analysis was demonstrated to be useful as a guide in selecting bioactive compounds on demand from low-cost horticultural waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana T.C. Campos
- NEEM - Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Lenize F. Maia
- NEEM - Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Jelena Popović-Djordjević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Howell G.M. Edwards
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz F.C. de Oliveira
- NEEM - Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
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Khapte PS, Changan SS, Kumar P, Singh TH, Singh AK, Rane J, Reddy KS. Deciphering desiccation tolerance in wild eggplant species: insights from chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:702. [PMID: 39054439 PMCID: PMC11270916 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change exacerbates abiotic stresses, which are expected to intensify their impact on crop plants. Drought, the most prevalent abiotic stress, significantly affects agricultural production worldwide. Improving eggplant varieties to withstand abiotic stress is vital due to rising drought from climate change. Despite the diversity of wild eggplant species that thrive under harsh conditions, the understanding of their drought tolerance mechanisms remains limited. In the present study, we used chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlaF) imaging, which reveals a plant's photosynthetic health, to investigate desiccation tolerance in eggplant and its wild relatives. Conventional fluorescence measurements lack spatial heterogeneity, whereas ChlaF imaging offers comprehensive insights into plant responses to environmental stresses. Hence, employing noninvasive imaging techniques is essential for understanding this heterogeneity. RESULTS Desiccation significantly reduced the leaf tissue moisture content (TMC) across species. ChlaF and TMC displayed greater photosystem II (PSII) efficiency after 54 h of desiccation in S. macrocarpum, S. torvum, and S. indicum, with S. macrocarpum demonstrating superior efficiency due to sustained fluorescence. PSII functions declined gradually in S. macrocarpum and S. torvum, unlike those in other species, which exhibited abrupt declines after 54 h of desiccation. However, after 54 h, PSII efficiency remained above 50% of its initial quantum yield in S. macrocarpum at 35% leaf RWC (relative water content), while S. torvum and S. indicum displayed 50% decreases at 31% and 33% RWC, respectively. Conversely, the susceptible species S. gilo and S. sisymbriifolium exhibited a 50% reduction in PSII function at an early stage of 50% RWC, whereas in S. melongena, this reduction occurred at 40% RWC. CONCLUSION Overall, our study revealed notably greater leaf desiccation tolerance, especially in S. macrocarpum, S. torvum, and S. indicum, attributed to sustained PSII efficiency at low TMC levels, indicating that these species are promising sources of drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratapsingh S Khapte
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, 413115, India.
| | - Sushil S Changan
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, 413115, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342003, India
| | - T H Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560089, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, 413115, India
| | - Jagadish Rane
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334006, India
| | - K Sammi Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, 413115, India
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Liang J, Wen T, Zhang X, Luo X. Chlorogenic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Cholangiocarcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:794. [PMID: 38931461 PMCID: PMC11206998 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has demonstrated anti-tumor effects across various cancers, but its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear. Our study revealed CGA's potent anti-tumor effects on CCA, significantly suppressing cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, and invasion while inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CGA induced apoptosis, modulated cell cycle progression, and exhibited a stable binding affinity to AKR1B10 in CCA. AKR1B10 was highly expressed in RBE cells, and CGA treatment reduced AKR1B10 expression. Knocking out AKR1B10 inhibited the proliferation of RBE cells, whereas the overexpression of AKR1B10 promoted their proliferation. Additionally, CGA suppressed the proliferation of RBE cells with AKR1B10 overexpression. Mechanistically, AKR1B10 activated AKT, and CGA exerted its inhibitory effect by reducing AKR1B10 levels, thereby suppressing AKT activation. Furthermore, CGA facilitated the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages towards an anti-tumor phenotype and enhanced T-cell cytotoxicity. These findings underscore CGA's potential as a promising therapeutic agent for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Liang
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China; (J.L.)
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China; (J.L.)
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China; (J.L.)
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Villanueva G, Vilanova S, Plazas M. Characterization of Browning, Chlorogenic Acid Content, and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Different Varietal Types of Eggplant ( Solanum melongena) for Improving Visual and Nutritional Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1059. [PMID: 38674468 PMCID: PMC11054883 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) breeding for fruit quality has mostly focused on visual traits and nutritional and bioactive compounds, including chlorogenic acid. However, higher contents of chlorogenic acid may lead to more pronounced fruit flesh browning. We examined a diverse collection of 59 eggplant accessions across five varietal types ('black oval', 'striped', 'anthocyanin-free', 'purple', and 'black elongated') to evaluate the degree of browning, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and chlorogenic acid (CGA) content. The results reveal moderate correlations among these traits, with no clear differences among the varietal types, suggesting that other factors, including genetic variation, might significantly influence these traits. Notably, 'black oval' accessions demonstrated higher browning and PPO activity, whereas 'striped' accessions showed low variability. The identification of genotypes with lower browning and higher CGA content highlights opportunities for targeted genotype selection to improve eggplant chlorogenic acid content while maintaining low or moderate browning, pointing towards the importance of genetic considerations in breeding strategies to reduce browning and enhance nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Villanueva
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.V.); (M.P.)
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Gomez-Urios C, Kalaydzhiev H, Blesa J, Esteve MJ, Nacheva E, Iserliyska D, Tomlekova N. Green Assessment of Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Advanced Potato Mutant Lines through UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS Quantification. Foods 2023; 12:2616. [PMID: 37444356 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potatoes are one of the most consumed crops worldwide. They contain a high amount of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and vitamins with important antioxidant activities, which makes this crop of high biological value for human health. The goal of this research was to biochemically evaluate polyphenol levels and antioxidant capacities in parent and control genotypes compared to advanced mutant potato lines in the M1V8 generation. This will reveal the genetic changes that result from induced mutagenesis. The quantified compounds and the evaluated antioxidant activity boost the health benefits of consuming the improved mutant potatoes. In the present study, the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of eighteen mutant and initial potato genotypes were analyzed by UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS and the ORAC method, respectively. In each of the hybrid combinations, mutant lines with an improved phenolic compound profile were observed. Representative samples from the third hybrid combination had notable increases in phenolic compound concentrations, as well as the presence of metabolites not found in the parental lines. With one exception, the remaining nine mutants showed significantly higher antioxidant capacities. The results will be used in future potato breeding programs, with participation of the valuable mutant lines containing new phenolic substances not present in the initial genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gomez-Urios
- Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Hristo Kalaydzhiev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies-Plovdiv, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jesus Blesa
- Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Esteve
- Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Emiliya Nacheva
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy-Sofia, 32 Brezovsko shosse St, 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dida Iserliyska
- Institute of Food Preservation and Quality-Plovdiv, Agricultural Academy-Sofia, 154 Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nasya Tomlekova
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy-Sofia, 32 Brezovsko shosse St, 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Rosa-Martínez E, Bovy A, Plazas M, Tikunov Y, Prohens J, Pereira-Dias L. Genetics and breeding of phenolic content in tomato, eggplant and pepper fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135237. [PMID: 37025131 PMCID: PMC10070870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids and flavonoids are large groups of secondary metabolites ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. They are currently in the spotlight due to the numerous health benefits associated with their consumption, as well as for their vital roles in plant biological processes and in plant-environment interaction. Tomato, eggplant and pepper are in the top ten most consumed vegetables in the world, and their fruit accumulation profiles have been extensively characterized, showing substantial differences. A broad array of genetic and genomic tools has helped to identify QTLs and candidate genes associated with the fruit biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The aim of this review was to synthesize the available information making it easily available for researchers and breeders. The phenylpropanoid pathway is tightly regulated by structural genes, which are conserved across species, along with a complex network of regulatory elements like transcription factors, especially of MYB family, and cellular transporters. Moreover, phenolic compounds accumulate in tissue-specific and developmental-dependent ways, as different paths of the metabolic pathway are activated/deactivated along with fruit development. We retrieved 104 annotated putative orthologues encoding for key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway in tomato (37), eggplant (29) and pepper (38) and compiled 267 QTLs (217 for tomato, 16 for eggplant and 34 for pepper) linked to fruit phenolic acids, flavonoids and total phenolics content. Combining molecular tools and genetic variability, through both conventional and genetic engineering strategies, is a feasible approach to improve phenolics content in tomato, eggplant and pepper. Finally, although the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway has been well-studied in the Solanaceae, more research is needed on the identification of the candidate genes behind many QTLs, as well as their interactions with other QTLs and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosa-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Pereira-Dias
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chronic Gastric Ulcer Healing Actions of the Aqueous Extracts of Staple Plant Foods of the North-West, Adamawa, and West Regions of Cameroon. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:2657278. [PMID: 36654868 PMCID: PMC9842419 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2657278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study is aimed at establishing phenolic compound profile and assessing the possible antiulcer activities of aqueous extracts of some staple plant foods from the West and North-West regions of Cameroon against chronic gastric ulcer models in rats. Materials and Methods Phenolic constituents of extracts were evaluated using HPLC-DAD. Aqueous extracts of Corchorus olitorius, Solanum nigrum, Vigna unguiculata, Triumfetta pentandra, "nkui" spices, and "yellow soup" spices were tested at two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg). After treatments, animals were sacrificed, healing percentage and antioxidant status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were evaluated, and histological examination of gastric mucosa was realized. Results HPLC-DAD revealed that p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids were the phenolic compound present in all extracts. Oral administration of extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer surface value and significantly increased mucus production compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Histological study supported the observed healing activity of different extracts characterized by a reduced inflammatory response. Moreover, administration of aqueous extracts increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion This study revealed that aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum, Corchorus olitorius, Vigna unguiculata, Triumfetta pentandra, "yellow soup" spices, and "nkui" spices possess healing antiulcer effects against models of gastric ulcers. The antiulcer mechanisms involved may include increase of gastric mucus production and improvement of the antioxidant activity of gastric tissue. These activities may be due to the phenolic compounds identified in the extracts, especially p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic acids present in all extracts and with known antioxidant, cytoprotective, and healing properties. However, all the diets may promote the healing process of chronic ulcers caused by excessive alcohol consumption/stress.
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González-Orenga S, Plazas M, Ribera E, Pallotti C, Boscaiu M, Prohens J, Vicente O, Fita A. Transgressive Biochemical Response to Water Stress in Interspecific Eggplant Hybrids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:194. [PMID: 36616323 PMCID: PMC9824389 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a climate change scenario, crop tolerance to drought must be urgently improved, as it represents an increasingly critical stress reducing agricultural yields worldwide. Although most crops are relatively sensitive to water stress, many of their wild relatives are more tolerant and may be used to improve drought tolerance in our crops. In this study, the response to drought of eggplant (Solanum melongena), its close wild relatives S. insanum and S. incanum and their interspecific hybrids with S. melongena was assessed. The plants were subjected to two treatments for 18 days: control, with irrigation every four days, and drought, with complete interruption of irrigation. Morphological and biomass traits were measured, and physiological and biochemical responses were analysed using stress biomarkers such as proline, flavonoids, and total phenolic compounds. Oxidative stress was quantified by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) content. As a result of the drought treatment, plant development and tissue water content were seriously affected. Generally, water deficit also caused significant increases in MDA, proline, flavonoids, and total phenolics compounds. Our results comparing parental accessions reveal a better response to drought in one of the S. insanum accessions. The hybrid between S. melongena and S. incanum displayed a better response than the other hybrids and even its parents. The results obtained here might be helpful for future eggplant breeding programmes aimed at improving drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-Orenga
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosendre, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elvira Ribera
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Pallotti
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fita
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Gupta A, Atanasov AG, Li Y, Kumar N, Bishayee A. Chlorogenic acid for cancer prevention and therapy: Current status on efficacy and mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nutritional Value of Eggplant Cultivars and Association with Sequence Variation in Genes Coding for Major Phenolics. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172267. [PMID: 36079649 PMCID: PMC9460228 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eggplant is a widely consumed vegetable, with significant nutritional value and high antioxidant content, mainly due to its phenolic constituents. Our goal was to determine the levels of carbohydrates, proteins, total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and the antioxidant capacity in thirteen eggplant cultivars cultivated in Greece and to identify sequence polymorphisms in key regulating genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway (C4H, HCT, HQT, C3H, F3H, ANS, MYB1), which might relate to the phytochemical content of those cultivars. The carbohydrates’ content differs among and within cultivars, while the rest of the phytochemicals differ only among cultivars. The cultivars ‘EMI’ and ’Lagkada’ scored higher than the rest in phenolics, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between various ingredients and the antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH). Sequence analysis revealed several SNPs in C4H, HQT, F3H, ANS, and MYB1 among the cultivars studied. According to chi-square and logistic regression analyses, the missense mutation C4H4-108 correlates significantly with flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proteins; the synonymous mutation HQT-105 correlates with anthocyanins and ascorbic acid; the missense mutation HQT-438 correlates with flavonoids and chlorogenic acid, while the missense mutation ANS1-65 correlates with anthocyanins and sugars. These polymorphisms can be potentially utilized as molecular markers in eggplant breeding, while our data also contribute to the study of eggplant’s secondary metabolism and antioxidant properties.
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Gamboa-Carvajal L, Jara-Gutiérrez C, Villena J, Taborga L, Martínez JR, Espinoza L, Stashenko EE. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Hydro-Ethanolic Extracts Obtained from Steiractinia aspera Cuatrec. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134186. [PMID: 35807442 PMCID: PMC9268250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the antioxidant activity of the hydro-ethanolic extracts of the leaves, flowers, and aerial parts of Steiractinia aspera Cuatrec, both fresh and post-distillation, was evaluated by ABTS+·, FRAP, H2O2 and DPPH assays. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in MCF-7, MCF-10A and HT-29 cell lines. The hydro-ethanolic extracts were obtained by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (SE). The fresh-leaf MSPD extract had the highest antioxidant activity, and the post-distillation leaf ultrasound-assisted SE extract had the highest cytotoxicity in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, although not selective, which was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay. On the other hand, ROS was evaluated by flow cytometry which showed that post-distillation leaf extract is pro-oxidant. Chlorogenic acid, kaempferol-3-glucoside and quercetin were found in the fresh leaves’ extracts, according to HPLC-DAD. PLC-DAD permitted the isolation of p-coumaric acid, E-3-(4-(((E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acryloyl) oxy)-3-hydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid and a diglucosylated derivative of ursolic acid, which were analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR. Our results suggest that the fresh leaf extract of Steiractinia aspera Cuatrec has potential use for antioxidant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gamboa-Carvajal
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 224000, Chile; (L.G.-C.); (L.T.)
| | - Carlos Jara-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Bioensayos, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2340000, Chile; (C.J.-G.); (J.V.)
| | - Joan Villena
- Laboratorio de Bioensayos, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2340000, Chile; (C.J.-G.); (J.V.)
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 224000, Chile; (L.G.-C.); (L.T.)
| | - Jairo René Martínez
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry CROM-MASS, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68000, Colombia;
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 224000, Chile; (L.G.-C.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.E.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry CROM-MASS, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68000, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (L.E.); (E.E.S.)
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Faraone I, Lela L, Ponticelli M, Gorgoglione D, De Biasio F, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Vassallo A, Caddeo C, Falabella R, Ostuni A, Milella L. New Insight on the Bioactivity of Solanum aethiopicum Linn. Growing in Basilicata Region (Italy): Phytochemical Characterization, Liposomal Incorporation, and Antioxidant Effects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061168. [PMID: 35745745 PMCID: PMC9227163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Food extract’s biological effect and its improvement using nanotechnologies is one of the challenges of the last and the future decades; for this reason, the antioxidant effect of scarlet eggplant extract liposomal incorporation was investigated. Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is a member of the Solanaceae family, and it is one of the most consumed vegetables in tropical Africa and south of Italy. This study investigated the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical composition of S. aethiopicum grown in the Basilicata Region for the first time. The whole fruit, peel, and pulp were subjected to ethanolic exhaustive maceration extraction, and all extracts were investigated. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of ten phenolic compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanones, flavanols, and four carotenoids (one xanthophyll and three carotenes). The peel extract was the most promising, active, and the richest in specialized metabolites; hence, it was tested on HepG2 cell lines and incorporated into liposomes. The nanoincorporation enhanced the peel extract’s antioxidant activity, resulting in a reduction of the concentration used. Furthermore, the extract improved the expression of endogenous antioxidants, such as ABCG2, CAT, and NQO1, presumably through the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Spinoff BioActiPlant s.r.l., Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | | | | | - Patricia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS s.r.l., Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of “Scienze Della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco”, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Roberto Falabella
- Urology Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Via Potito Petrone, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Spinoff BioActiPlant s.r.l., Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (L.M.)
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Fukalova Fukalova T, García-Martínez MD, Raigón MD. Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Volatiles Profile Characterization of Two Edible Undervalued Plants: Portulaca oleracea L. and Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:377. [PMID: 35161358 PMCID: PMC8839399 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wild edible plants are an important source of healthy food and have played an important role in traditional Mediterranean diets. In this paper, quality characteristics were typified in Portulaca oleracea L. and Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass, undervalued plants inherent to the spring-summer season in the Valencian coastal region. Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds were analyzed and compared between plants in wild and organic cultivation conditions. Proximate analysis was carried out according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Total antioxidants were measured as 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate and total polyphenols content via the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The HS-SPME technique was used to characterize the volatiles profile, and the polyphenol profile was evaluated by HPLC. The most important microelement was iron. Total antioxidants ranged from 4392.16 to 7315.00 μmol Trolox·equivalents 100 g-1 fw, and total phenolic content ranged from 99.09 to 391.18 mg gallic acid equivalents·100 g-1 fw. Results show that the content of antioxidants and phenols was higher in wild species than in cultivated ones. The volatiles profile revealed that P. ruderale was rich in monoterpenoids (48.65-55.82%), and fatty alcohols were characteristic in P. oleracea species (16.21-54.18%). The results suggest that both plants could be healthy foods and could have new sustainable agro-ecological potential for the local commercial sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Fukalova Fukalova
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Productos Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador;
| | - María Dolores García-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Raigón
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrobiodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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Freitas PHSD, Conegundes JLM, Evangelista MDR, Almeida MAD, Silva NPD, Tavares GD, Vilela FMP, Duque APDN, Ribeiro A, Scio E. Cecropia pachystachya Trécul: a promising ingredient for skin-whitening cosmetics. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e21154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elita Scio
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Abstract
Eggplant is one of the most important vegetable crops known for its nutritive benefits due to the abundance of various bioactive compounds, which include proteins, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, phenolics, and dry matter content. In addition, eggplant has significant pharmaceutical properties that have been recently recognized. Eggplant produces secondary metabolites, including glycoalkaloids, antioxidant compounds, and vitamins, which appear to be the major source of its health benefits. It has been reported that there is a considerable correlation between the regular use of phytochemicals and the defense against diseases. Therefore, researchers must analyze the biochemical composition of eggplants to obtain more information about their nutritional quality and health benefits. In this review, an attempt is made to explain the qualitative and quantitative aspects of different biochemicals present in eggplant, in addition to their beneficial health effects.
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Pelaić Z, Čošić Z, Pedisić S, Repajić M, Zorić Z, Levaj B. Effect of UV-C Irradiation, Storage and Subsequent Cooking on Chemical Constituents of Fresh-Cut Potatoes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081698. [PMID: 34441478 PMCID: PMC8391324 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UV-C irradiation successfully reduces the growth of microorganisms, but it can also affect the content of phenolics and sugars of fresh-cut potatoes (FCP). This could consequently alter antioxidant capacity of FCP or its potential for acrylamide formation. Therefore, this paper investigates the influence of UV-C irradiation on the content of phenolics [chlorogenic acid (CA)] and individual sugars during storage of FCP as well as after cooking. Acrylamide was also monitored in FCP after frying. Potato slices pre-treated with sodium ascorbate solution and vacuum-packaged were UV-C irradiated for 0, 3, 5, and 10 min in order to obtain irradiation doses of 0, 1.62, 2.70, and 5.40 kJ m−2, respectively, stored for 23 days (+6 °C), and subsequently boiled and fried. As the applied dose and storage duration increased, the CA content in raw FCP decreased (it retained for 75.53–88.34%), while the content of sugars as well as acrylamide in fried FCP increased. Although the increase was the most noticeable at the applied dose of 2.70 kJ m−2, the acrylamide content was always below proposed limit. Boiling and frying reduced the content of CA and sugars. In spite of certain alterations, applied doses of irradiation can ensure acceptable product in regard to phenolics and sugars, and acrylamide content particularly.
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Agregán R, Munekata PE, Feng X, Astray G, Gullón B, Lorenzo JM. Recent advances in the extraction of polyphenols from eggplant and their application in foods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rosa-Martínez E, García-Martínez MD, Adalid-Martínez AM, Pereira-Dias L, Casanova C, Soler E, Figàs MR, Raigón MD, Plazas M, Soler S, Prohens J. Fruit composition profile of pepper, tomato and eggplant varieties grown under uniform conditions. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110531. [PMID: 34399509 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study of the diversity within and between major Solanaceae crops (pepper, tomato, eggplant) is of interest for the selection and development of balanced diets. We have measured thirty-six major fruit composition traits, encompassing sugars, organic acids, antioxidants and minerals, in a set of 10 accessions per crop for pepper, tomato and eggplant, grown under the same cultivation conditions. The aim was to evaluate the diversity within species and to provide an accurate comparison of fruit composition among species by reducing to a minimum the environmental effect. Pepper, tomato and eggplant had a clearly distinct composition profile. Pepper showed the highest average content in total sugars and organic acids. Fructose and glucose were the major sugar compounds in the three species, although in pepper and tomato sucrose was present only in trace amounts. Citric acid was the major organic acid in pepper and tomato, while in eggplant it was malic acid. Pepper and eggplant had the highest total antioxidant activity. Vitamin C content was much higher in pepper than in tomato and eggplant, while eggplant accumulated high concentrations of chlorogenic acid. Furthermore, eggplant was the species with higher content in most minerals, particularly for K, Mg and Cu, while pepper was the richest in Fe. Due to their complementary nutritional profiles, a combined regular consumption of the three vegetables would supply more than 20% of the Dietary Reference Intake of several of the analysed phytochemicals. The large diversity within each species is of interest for selecting varieties with better nutritional and organoleptic profiles, as well as for breeding new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosa-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Dolores García-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana María Adalid-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Pereira-Dias
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Casanova
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Rosario Figàs
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Raigón
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Meridiem Seeds S.L., Paraje Lo Soler 2, 30700, Torre-Pacheco, Spain
| | - Salvador Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Kamenya SN, Mikwa EO, Song B, Odeny DA. Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1787-1815. [PMID: 33486565 PMCID: PMC8205878 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is rapidly changing how we live, what we eat and produce, the crops we breed and the target traits. Previously underutilized orphan crops that are climate resilient are receiving much attention from the crops research community, as they are often the only crops left in the field after periods of extreme weather conditions. There are several orphan crops with incredible resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some are nutritious, while others provide good sources of biofuel, medicine and other industrial raw materials. Despite these benefits, orphan crops are still lacking in important genetic and genomic resources that could be used to fast track their improvement and make their production profitable. Progress has been made in generating draft genomes of at least 28 orphan crops over the last decade, thanks to the reducing cost of sequencing. The implementation of a structured breeding program that takes advantage of additional modern crop improvement tools such as genomic selection, speed breeding, genome editing, high throughput phenotyping and breeding digitization would make rapid improvement of these orphan crops possible, but would require coordinated research investment. Other production challenges such as lack of adequate germplasm conservation, poor/non-existent seed systems and agricultural extension services, as well as poor marketing channels will also need to be improved if orphan crops were to be profitable. We review the importance of breeding orphan crops under the increasing effects of climate change, highlight existing gaps that need to be addressed and share some lessons to be learned from major crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ndagire Kamenya
- African Center of Excellence in Agroecology and Livelihood Systems, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Erick Owuor Mikwa
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics - Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bo Song
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute At Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Damaris Achieng Odeny
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics - Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
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20
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Bioactive and Antimicrobial Properties of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under Microwave Cooking. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13031519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables constitute a considerable amount of antioxidants and among them eggplant is a rich source of polyphenol compounds. This study investigated the bioactive and antimicrobial properties of eggplant under different degree of microwave cooking. The eggplant was cooked for 7 min (light cooked), 10 min (medium cooked), and 15 min (high cooked). The highest total polyphenol content was observed in the light cooked eggplant sample (27.35 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW)) followed by high cooked sample (26.10 mg GAE/g DW), while the lowest total polyphenol content (2.79 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained for the uncooked (control) sample. The total polyphenol content of the samples ranged in the following order; light cooked > high cooked > medium cooked > uncooked. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging of eggplant ranged between 16.16% (control) and 47.88% (high cooked). The highest reducing power was exhibited by the light cooked (absorbance 1.708) eggplant sample followed by the high cooked (absorbance 1.597), while the lowest reducing power was shown by uncooked sample (absorbance 0.389). Moreover, antimicrobial studies showed that light cooked eggplant sample demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibition of growth in Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Slightly lower antimicrobial potential was exhibited by medium cooked eggplant sample while no antibacterial or antifungal activity was recorded for the extract of high cooked eggplant sample. Microwave cooking might be a method to enhance the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of eggplant.
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Kasozi KI, Otim EO, Ninsiima HI, Zirintunda G, Tamale A, Ekou J, Musoke GH, Muyinda R, Matama K, Mujinya R, Matovu H, Ssempijja F, Eze ED, Atino M, Udechukwu B, Kayima R, Etiang P, Ayikobua ET, Kembabazi S, Usman IM, Sulaiman SO, Natabo PC, Kyeyune GN, Batiha GES, Otim O. An analysis of heavy metals contamination and estimating the daily intakes of vegetables from Uganda. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320985255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmental contamination with elevated levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr6+), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)—all states of which are found in Uganda—raises health risk to the public. Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Ni for instance are generally considered nonessential to cellular functions, notwithstanding the importance of the oxidative state of the metals in bioavailability. As such, we aimed in this study (i) to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in four vegetables from a typical open-air market in Uganda, (ii) to assess the safety of consuming these vegetables against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of heavy metals consumption, and (iii) to formulate a model of estimated daily intake (EDI) among consumers in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five georeferenced markets of Bushenyi district in January 2020. Amaranthus, cabbages, scarlet eggplants, and tomatoes were collected from open markets, processed, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Modeled EDI, principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to identify relationships in the samples. Results: The levels of essential elements in the four vegetables were found to fall from Co > Cu > Fe > Zn. Those of non-essential metals were significantly higher and followed the pattern Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni. The highest EDI values were those of Cu in scarlet eggplants, Zn in amaranthus, Fe in amaranthus, Co in amaranthus, Pb in cabbages, total Cr in scarlet eggplant, Cd in cabbages and tomatoes, and Ni in cabbages. In comparison to international limits, EDIs for Zn, Cu, Co and Fe were low while Ni in cabbages were high. PCA showed high variations in scarlet eggplant and amaranthus. The study vegetables were found to be related with each other, not according to the location of the markets from where they were obtained, but according to their species by CA. Conclusion: The presence of non-essential elements above WHO limits raises policy challenges for the consumption and marketing of vegetables in the study area. Furthermore, low EDIs of essential elements in the vegetables create demand for nutritious foods to promote healthy communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Eric Oloya Otim
- College of Engineering and Sciences, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN, USA
| | | | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Andrew Tamale
- Department of Wildlife Resources, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justin Ekou
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Grace Henry Musoke
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Cavendish University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Muyinda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Regan Mujinya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Henry Matovu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | - Mauryn Atino
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Bede Udechukwu
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ronald Kayima
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Patrick Etiang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | | | - Stellamaris Kembabazi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Phyllis Candy Natabo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Grace Nambatya Kyeyune
- Directorate of Research, Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ochan Otim
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, University of California – Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Antonious GF, Turley E, Mishra B, Heist Q, Upadhyaya Y, Trivette T, Nkuwi L. Characterization of eggplant grown in animal manure amended soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:492-503. [PMID: 30977680 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1602252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted with native soil; sewage sludge (SS); horse manure (HM); chicken manure (CM); vermicompost, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer mixed with the native soil. The soil in each of the seven treatments was also mixed with biochar and planted with eggplant. Eggplant fruits were analyzed for vitamin C, total phenols, and soluble sugars. The number and weight of fruits obtained from inorganic treatments were not significantly different from those obtained from organic fertilizer. Concentrations of total phenols were greatest (28 µg g-1 fresh fruits) in fruits of plants grown in vermicompost mixed with biochar compared to SS and HM amendments. Vitamin C was greatest (265 µg g-1 fresh fruits) in fruits of plants grown in soil amended with biochar compared to all other amendments. Plants grown in CM amended soil were 62% and 67% greater in size compared to plants grown in SS-biochar or vermicompost-biochar amended soil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Turley
- Environmental Studies, Kentucky State University , Frankfort, KY, USA
| | - Bijesh Mishra
- Environmental Studies, Kentucky State University , Frankfort, KY, USA
| | - Quinn Heist
- Environmental Studies, Kentucky State University , Frankfort, KY, USA
| | | | - Thomas Trivette
- Environmental Studies, Kentucky State University , Frankfort, KY, USA
| | - Lusekelo Nkuwi
- Environmental Studies, Kentucky State University , Frankfort, KY, USA
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Lu H, Tian Z, Cui Y, Liu Z, Ma X. Chlorogenic acid: A comprehensive review of the dietary sources, processing effects, bioavailability, beneficial properties, mechanisms of action, and future directions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3130-3158. [PMID: 33337063 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs), a group of hydroxycinnamates, are generally abundant in everyday foods and beverages, most prominently in certain coffee drinks. Among them, the chlorogenic acid (CGA), also termed as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), is one of the most abundant, highly functional polyphenolic compounds in the human diet. The evidence of its health benefits obtained from clinical studies, as well as basic research, indicates an inverse correlation between 5-CQA consumption and a lower risk of metabolic syndromes and chronic diseases. This review focuses on the beneficial properties for health and mechanisms of action of 5-CQA, starting with its history, isomers, dietary sources, processing effects, preparation methods, pharmacological safety evaluation, and bioavailability. It also provides the possible molecular mechanistic bases to explain the health beneficial effects of 5-CQA including neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, gastrointestinal protective, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, glucose and lipid metabolism regulatory, and anticarcinogenic effects. The information summarized here could aid in the basic and clinical research on 5-CQA as a natural dietary additive, potential drug candidate, as well as a natural health promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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Ribes-Moya AM, Adalid AM, Raigón MD, Hellín P, Fita A, Rodríguez-Burruezo A. Variation in flavonoids in a collection of peppers (Capsicum sp.) under organic and conventional cultivation: effect of the genotype, ripening stage, and growing system. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2208-2223. [PMID: 31909478 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the acreage used for organic agriculture and the demand for organic fruit and vegetables have increased considerably. Given this scenario, landraces, such as Capsicum landraces, can provide valuable germplasm. Capsicum peppers are very interesting because of their high phenolic content, and particularly their flavonoid content, which provides a high added value. Moreover, the broad genetic diversity in local varieties expands the opportunities for adaptation to organic production and for exploiting genotype × environment interactions to select peppers with the highest phenolic content. RESULTS In this work, the main flavonoids of peppers were exhaustively evaluated over 2 years in a wide collection of heirlooms, both unripe and fully ripe, under organic and conventional cultivation. The genotype and ripening stage contributed to a high degree to the variation in flavonoids. The growing system influenced this variation to a lesser extent. Luteolin and quercetin showed the highest contributions to total phenolic content (70% and > 20%, respectively) at both ripening stages, while myricetin, apigenin, and kaempferol showed lower contributrions. The average flavonoid content was higher in ripe fruits, and organic management significantly increased the accumulation of total flavonoids and luteolin. Positive correlations between flavonoids were found at both ripening stages, especially between main flavonoids luteolin and quercetin and between kaempferol and quercetin (ρ > 0.7). CONCLUSION Genotype × environment interaction enabled the identification of accessions with high flavonoid content grown under organic conditions at both ripening stages, particularly total flavonoids and luteolin at the fully ripe stage. Our results reinforce the importance of a wide genetic variation and of considering different ripening stages and growing conditions for breeding high-quality peppers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ribes-Moya
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M Adalid
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D Raigón
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Hellín
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, La Alberca, Spain
| | - Ana Fita
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Parisi OI, Ruffo M, Amone F, Malivindi R, Gorgoglione D, De Biasio F, Scrivano L, Pezzi V, Puoci F. PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant Extract: In vitro Determination of Biological Properties and Minerals Bioaccessibility. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180622110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The Rotonda’s Red Eggplant belongs to the family of Solanum aethiopicum
and it is cultivated in a specific area of Potenza (Basilicata, South of Italy) including villages of Rotonda,
Viggianello, Castelluccio Superiore and Castelluccio Inferiore. The Red Eggplant cultivated in
this area has gained the PDO, “Protected Designation of Origin”.
Objective:
The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract
as a possible nutraceutical supplement. The antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic
properties were in vitro evaluated.
Methods:
The antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating the scavenging properties against
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
(ABTS) radicals and by performing the Ammonium Molybdate and Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The hypoglycemic
and antihypertensive activity was studied by evaluating the α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase
and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, respectively, inhibiting activity. In order to evaluate the hypolipidemic
activity, the pancreatic lipase inhibiting property was determined and Oil Red O staining
assay was performed. Finally, to evaluate the possible use of this extract as a minerals supplement,
Selenium, Potassium and Chrome bioaccessibility was studied.
Results:
The obtained results underline the good antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and
hypolipidemic in vitro properties of the PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract. Moreover, the obtained
data show a higher minerals bioaccessibility and this higher value could be ascribable to the
natural phytocomplex of PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant, which increases the minerals bioaccessibility
if compare it with a control sample.
Conclusion:
The obtained results show that PDO Rotonda’s Red Eggplant extract, might be used as
a possible nutraceutical supplement, along with traditional therapies, both for its biological properties
and for its minerals bioaccessibility value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mariarosa Ruffo
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fabio Amone
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Scrivano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Assefa ST, Yang EY, Chae SY, Song M, Lee J, Cho MC, Jang S. Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Plants with Focus on Common Vegetables. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010002. [PMID: 31861279 PMCID: PMC7020213 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the world, and is characterized by hyperglycemia (i.e., high levels of glucose in the blood). Alpha-glucosidases are enzymes in the digestive tract that hydrolyze carbohydrates into glucose. One strategy that has been developed to treat type-2 diabetes is inhibition of the activity of alpha-glucosidases using synthetic drugs. However, these inhibitors are usually associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, the development of inhibitors from natural products offers an alternative option for the control of hyperglycemia. In recent years, various studies have been conducted to identify alpha-glucosidases inhibitors from natural sources such as plants, and many candidates have transpired to be secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids. In this review, we focus on the alpha-glucosidases inhibitors found in common vegetable crops and the major classes of phytochemicals responsible for the inhibitory activity, and also as potential/natural drug candidates for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, possible breeding strategies for production of improved vegetable crops with higher content of the inhibitors are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tilahun Assefa
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.T.A.); (E.-Y.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea;
| | - Eun-Young Yang
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.T.A.); (E.-Y.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-C.C.)
| | - Soo-Young Chae
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.T.A.); (E.-Y.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-C.C.)
| | - Mihye Song
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office (WKO), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Jundae Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea;
| | - Myeong-Cheoul Cho
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.T.A.); (E.-Y.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (M.-C.C.)
| | - Seonghoe Jang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office (WKO), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-6677
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Molinu MG, Piluzza G, Campesi G, Sulas L, Re GA. Antioxidant Sources from Leaves of Russian Dandelion. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900250. [PMID: 31250533 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is a dandelion species native to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and north-west China, considered as a promising alternative source of natural rubber from its roots. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible exploitation of TKS leaves, a rubber byproduct, as a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties for potential applications in forage, nutraceutical and pharmacological fields. Two accessions (TKS016, TKS018) grown under Mediterranean conditions of Sardinia were evaluated at vegetative and flowering stages. The leaves of TKS018 had the highest antioxidant capacity (19.6 mmol trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity 100 g-1 ), total phenolic (106.4 g gallic acid equivalent kg-1 ), tannic phenolics (58.5 g gallic acid equivalent kg-1 ) and total flavonoid contents (22.9 g catechin equivalent kg-1 ). At both phenological stages, TKS016 showed significantly lower values than TKS018 in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic and tannic phenolics. Six individual molecules were identified, namely chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, caffeic, sinapic, chicoric and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acids. Chicoric (8.53-10.68 g kg-1 DW) and chlorogenic acids (4.18-7.04 g kg-1 DW) were the most abundant. TKS leaves represent a valuable source of chicoric acid with potential application as antioxidant to be used as herbal medicine and nutrition for production of healthy food/feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Molinu
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Piluzza
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campesi
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sulas
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonio Re
- National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, località Baldinca, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Genetic Analysis for Fruit Phenolics Content, Flesh Color, and Browning Related Traits in Eggplant ( Solanum melongena). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122990. [PMID: 31248080 PMCID: PMC6628304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggplant varieties rich in bioactive chlorogenic acid along with less browning are preferred by consumers. Therefore, genetics of fruit phenolics, fruit flesh colour, and browning related traits were studied in the genotypes of eggplant, comprising of nine cultivated varieties and one accession of eggplant‘s primary genepool wild relative Solanum insanum (INS2). These accessions were genotyped based on the 7335 polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers. After that, genotypes were crossed in half diallel fashion to produce 45 hybrids. The INS2 displayed the highest values for the total phenolics and chlorogenic acid content (CGA). For all of the biochemical traits studied, significant values of general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects were determined. The baker ratio estimates were high (>0.75) for all of the traits. Highly significant and positive heterosis (%) was determined for the dry matter, total phenolics, CGA, and area (%) of CGA content. The phenolics content of the fruit (total phenolics and CGA) was not significantly correlated with flesh colour and browning related traits. However, when the path coefficient analysis was performed considering the CGA as a dependent variable, it was determined that the flesh colour related traits most considerably affected the CGA. The genetic distance showed a diminutive correlation with the hybrid means, heterosis, and SCA values. Overall, this study provides important information regarding the underlying genetics of important biochemical traits of eggplant fruit.
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Nwanna EE, Adebayo AA, Ademosun AO, Oboh G. Phenolic distribution, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibitory properties of eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) cultivated in two different locations within Nigeria. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12797. [PMID: 31353619 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solanum aethiopicum is commonly cultivated in Nigeria for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Although, information on the possible effect of location on the biological activities of S. aethiopicum has not been reported, however, present research work investigated the phenolic contents and distribution, antioxidative properties, and enzyme inhibitory activities of S. aethiopicum collected from two locations in Nigeria. HPLC phenolic profile, polyphenol contents, free radical scavenging activities, and inhibitory effect of eggplant extracts on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were carried out. Significant variations were observed in the phenolic profile, polyphenol contents, antioxidant activities, and enzymes inhibitory properties of the extracts from different locations. In most of the analyses carried out, extract of eggplant fruit collected from Uyo (UEF) showed higher activities than the one obtained from Ibadan (IEF). Thus, findings from this study revealed that geographical location may influence the phenolic contents, antioxidant, and enzymes inhibitory properties of eggplant fruits. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The geographical location of a particular place determines the nature and biological activities of plants cultivated in the area. Hence, we presented the effect of location on the phenolic profile, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties of eggplant fruit (S. aethiopicum) cultivated in two different locations in Nigeria. However, data generated in this study showed the effect of location on phenolic composition and biological activities of eggplant fruit cultivated in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E Nwanna
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi A Adebayo
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle O Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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30
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Guijarro-Real C, Prohens J, Rodriguez-Burruezo A, Adalid-Martínez AM, López-Gresa MP, Fita A. Wild edible fool's watercress, a potential crop with high nutraceutical properties. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6296. [PMID: 30723618 PMCID: PMC6361001 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fool's watercress (Apium nodiflorum) is an edible vegetable with potential as a new crop. However, little information is available regarding the antioxidant properties of the plant and the individual phenolics accounting for this capacity are unknown. Methods The antioxidant properties of twenty-five wild populations were analysed and individual phenolics present in the species reported and compared with celery and parsley. The antioxidant activity was measured as the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, and the total phenolics content (TPC) via the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The individual phenolics constituents were determined via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as aglycones. Results The average DPPH and TPC of fool's watercress were 28.1 mg Trolox g-1 DW and 22.3 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalents g-1 DW, respectively, much higher than those of celery and parsley. Significant differences for both DPPH and TPC, which may be explained by either genotype or environmental factors, were detected among groups established according to geographical origin. Quercetin was identified as the major phenolic present in the leaves of the species, unlike parsley and celery, in which high amounts of apigenin and luteolin were determined. Quercetin represented 61.6% of the phenolics targeted in fool's watercress, followed by caffeic acid derivatives as main hydroxycinnamic acids. Discussion The study reports the high antioxidant properties of fool's watercress based on a large number of populations. Results suggest that quercetin accounts for an important share of the antioxidant capacity of this potential new crop. The study also provides a basis for future breeding programs, suggesting that selection by geographical locations may result in differences in the antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guijarro-Real
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrian Rodriguez-Burruezo
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana María Adalid-Martínez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fita
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Yang BY, Yin X, Liu Y, Sun Y, Guan W, Zhou YY, Kuang HX. Terpenes and lignans from the roots of Solanum melongena L. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:359-368. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1533828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
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Ribes-Moya AM, Raigón MD, Moreno-Peris E, Fita A, Rodríguez-Burruezo A. Response to organic cultivation of heirloom Capsicum peppers: Variation in the level of bioactive compounds and effect of ripening. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207888. [PMID: 30462729 PMCID: PMC6249006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are one of the most important vegetables and their double use (vegetable or spice) and two commercial stages (unripe and fully ripe) contributed to their use in many recipes and fast diffusion from America. Nowadays, Spain is a center of diversity for C. annuum, with many landraces, offering a great opportunity for adaptation to organic cultivation. Furthermore, Capsicum peppers contain many bioactive compounds, essential to provide high added-value to these cultivars, especially for organic markets, although knowledge about the effect of organic cultivation on Capsicum fruit quality is still scarce. Here, 37 accessions of Spanish landraces and foreign materials from C. annuum and other species were grown under organic and conventional conditions and evaluated for ascorbic acid (AAC), total phenolics (TP) and total red and yellow/orange carotenoids, considering both ripening stages. A large genotypic variation was found within each ripening stage and growing condition for the studied traits. Also, both stages showed high levels, although fully ripe fruits were the richest. Organic conditions enabled higher levels in fully ripe fruits of AAC and TP on average (135 vs 117 mg·100 g-1 and 232 vs 206 mg·100 g-1) and in most accessions, although the genotype×growing conditions interaction also contributed, but at lower extent, to the observed variation. Significant genotype×ripening stage and growing conditions×ripening stage interactions were also found, suggesting that the magnitude of the increase with ripening depends on the accession and growing conditions. By contrast, there were no differences between growing conditions for carotenoids and differences were mainly due to the genotype factor. Finally, the large genotypic variation and favourable organic conditions allowed identifying several materials from different types and uses with very high levels of bioactive compounds for organic cultivation, in both ripening stages but particularly at fully ripe stage (>500 mg·100 g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Ribes-Moya
- Instituto COMAV. Edificio 8E, acceso J. Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Raigón
- Instituto COMAV. Edificio 8E, acceso J. Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Moreno-Peris
- Instituto COMAV. Edificio 8E, acceso J. Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fita
- Instituto COMAV. Edificio 8E, acceso J. Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo
- Instituto COMAV. Edificio 8E, acceso J. Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Yang BY, Yin X, Liu Y, Zhao DY, Kuang HX. New steroidal saponins from the roots of Solanum melongena L. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mbondo NN, Owino WO, Ambuko J, Sila DN. Effect of drying methods on the retention of bioactive compounds in African eggplant. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:814-823. [PMID: 29983944 PMCID: PMC6021694 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
African eggplants (Solanum aethiopicum L.) are a rich source of bioactive compounds and functional constituents that are beneficial to human health. However, the short shelf life of these vegetables can be a major cause of postharvest losses especially during peak harvesting season. Drying is one of the most convenient technologies for the production of shelf stable food products. However, drying can lead to considerable loss of the available bioactive compounds due to thermal degradation depending on the drying method and temperature conditions. This study investigated the effect of four drying methods (solar, oven, vacuum, and freeze) on the retention of total phenolics, beta-carotene, antioxidant capacity, and lycopene in five African eggplant (S. aethiopicum) accessions (sangawili, manyire green, S00047A, AB2, and aubergine blanche). Samples were dried up to ~10% moisture content. The fresh and dried samples were analyzed for total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, beta-carotene content, and the lycopene content. In the fresh state, beta-carotene, total phenolic content, and free radical scavenging activity ranged between 14.75 ± 0.50 and 29.50 ± 0.77 mg/100 g db, 751.21 ± 1.73 and 1,363.95 ± 2.56 mg/100 g GAE db, and 99.58 and 325.61 mg/ml db IC 50 value, respectively. The accession S00047 showed highest total phenolic content and lowest IC 50 value in the fresh samples. The results also showed that total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and beta-carotene contents were significantly (p < .05) affected by drying method and drying temperature with freeze-drying presenting the highest retention. Overall, 36.26%s-95.05% (total phenolics) and 31.44%-99.27% (beta-carotene) were retained during freeze-drying. Lycopene was only detected in the dried samples of the accession manyire green but absent in all the fresh samples of all the accessions. This study demonstrates that freeze-drying was the most effective in retaining the highest bioactive compounds in African eggplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi N. Mbondo
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
| | - Willis O. Owino
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
| | - Jane Ambuko
- Department of Plant Science and Crop ProtectionUniversity of NairobiNairobiKenya
| | - Daniel N. Sila
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
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Chen CS, Chen CY, Ravinath DM, Bungahot A, Cheng CP, You RI. Functional characterization of chitin-binding lectin from Solanum integrifolium containing anti-fungal and insecticidal activities. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:3. [PMID: 29298668 PMCID: PMC5751800 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with the rapid development of glycomic tools, the study of lectin-carbohydrate interactions has expanded, opening the way for applications in the fields of analytic, diagnostic, and drug delivery. Chitin-binding lectins (CBLs) play roles in immune defense against chitin-containing pathogens. CBLs from species of the Solanaceae family, such as tomato, potato and jimsonweed, display different binding specificities to sugar chains containing poly-N-acetyllactosamine. RESULTS In this report, CBLs from Solanum integrifolium were isolated by ion exchange chromatography. The fractions showed hemagglutination activity (HA). The recombinant CBL in the 293F cell culture supernatant was able to inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioide. Furthermore, the carbohydrate-binding property of CBLs was confirmed with the inhibition of HA. Binding of CBL to Spodoptera frugiperda (sf21) insect cells can partly be inhibited by N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which is related to decrease mitochondrial membrane potential of sf21 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that CBL exhibited antifungal properties and inhibited insect cell growth, which is directly correlated to the lectin-carbohydrate interaction. Further identification and characterization of CBLs will help to broaden their scope of application in plant defense and in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Divya Malathy Ravinath
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Agustina Bungahot
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ping Cheng
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Kaushik P, Gramazio P, Vilanova S, Raigón MD, Prohens J, Plazas M. Phenolics content, fruit flesh colour and browning in cultivated eggplant, wild relatives and interspecific hybrids and implications for fruit quality breeding. Food Res Int 2017; 102:392-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Taher D, Solberg SØ, Prohens J, Chou YY, Rakha M, Wu TH. World Vegetable Center Eggplant Collection: Origin, Composition, Seed Dissemination and Utilization in Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1484. [PMID: 28970840 PMCID: PMC5609569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant is the fifth most economically important solanaceous crop after potato, tomato, pepper, and tobacco. Apart from the well-known brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), two other under-utilized eggplant species, the scarlet eggplant (S. aethiopicum L.) and the gboma eggplant (S. macrocarpon L.) are also cultivated. The taxonomy and identification of eggplant wild relatives is challenging for breeders due to the large number of related species, but recent phenotypic and genetic data and classification in primary, secondary, and tertiary genepools, as well as information on the domestication process and wild progenitors, facilitates their utilization in breeding. The World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) holds a large public germplasm collection of eggplant, which includes the three cultivated species and more than 30 eggplant wild relatives, with more than 3,200 accessions collected from 90 countries. Over the last 15 years, more than 10,000 seed samples from the Center's eggplant collection have been shared with public and private sector entities, including other genebanks. An analysis of the global occurrences and genebank holdings of cultivated eggplants and their wild relatives reveals that the WorldVeg genebank holds the world's largest public collection of the three cultivated eggplant species. The composition, seed dissemination and utilization of germplasm from the Center's collection are highlighted. In recent years more than 1,300 accessions of eggplant have been characterized for yield and fruit quality parameters. Further screening for biotic and abiotic stresses in eggplant wild relatives is a priority, as is the need to amass more comprehensive knowledge regarding wild relatives' potential for use in breeding. However, as is the case for many other crops, wild relatives are highly under-represented in the global conservation system of eggplant genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Taher
- World Vegetable CenterTainan, Taiwan
- Vegetable Crops Research Department, Agriculture Research Center, Horticulture Research InstituteGiza, Egypt
| | - Svein Ø. Solberg
- World Vegetable CenterTainan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied SciencesElverum, Norway
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | | | - Mohamed Rakha
- World Vegetable CenterTainan, Taiwan
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of KafrelsheikhKafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Xi-ou X, Wenqiu L, Wei L, Xiaoming G, Lingling L, Feiyue M, Yuge L. The Analysis of Physiological Variations in M 2 Generation of Solanum melongena L. Mutagenized by Ethyl Methane Sulfonate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:17. [PMID: 28154575 PMCID: PMC5243811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The eggplant was mutagenized with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) to enhance its genetic variability in our previous paper. In this article, we further analyzed the phenotype of M2 generation of mutant eggplants. A total of 325 independent M2 families were investigated for phenotypic variation. In addition to the visible phenotypic variation, chlorogenic acid (CGA) concentrations were analyzed in 26 fruits of mutants with High Performance Liquid Chromatography assay. Seventeen fruits exhibited significantly higher concentrations of CGAs than those in wild-type. The anthocyanin concentration of S9-1, the purple black mutant, was higher than WT, meanwhile, the anthocyanin concentration of L6-4 and U36-1 was lower than WT. Furthermore, our RT-PCR result demonstrated that the expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, except for SmPAL, were increased in S9-1, and the regulator SmMYB1 was decreased in L6-4 and U36-1 mutants. Together, our data indicated that, M2 generation showed abundant phenotypic variations and the strong potential usage for next step of breeding and molecular genetic mechanisms in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xi-ou
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic ImprovementZhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Xi-ou,
| | - Lin Wenqiu
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic ImprovementZhanjiang, China
| | - Li Wei
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic ImprovementZhanjiang, China
| | - Gao Xiaoming
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic ImprovementZhanjiang, China
| | - Lv Lingling
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic ImprovementZhanjiang, China
| | - Ma Feiyue
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic ImprovementZhanjiang, China
| | - Liu Yuge
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic ImprovementZhanjiang, China
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Gramazio P, Blanca J, Ziarsolo P, Herraiz FJ, Plazas M, Prohens J, Vilanova S. Transcriptome analysis and molecular marker discovery in Solanum incanum and S. aethiopicum, two close relatives of the common eggplant (Solanum melongena) with interest for breeding. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:300. [PMID: 27108408 PMCID: PMC4841963 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solanum incanum is a close wild relative of S. melongena with high contents of bioactive phenolics and drought tolerance. S. aethiopicum is a cultivated African eggplant cross-compatible with S. melongena. Despite their great interest in S. melongena breeding programs, the genomic resources for these species are scarce. Results RNA-Seq was performed with NGS from pooled RNA of young leaf, floral bud and young fruit tissues, generating more than one hundred millions raw reads per species. The transcriptomes were assembled in 83,905 unigenes for S. incanum and in 87,084 unigenes for S. aethiopicum with an average length of 696 and 722 bp, respectively. The unigenes were structurally and functionally annotated based on comparison with public databases by using bioinformatic tools. The single nucleotide variant calling analysis (SNPs and INDELs) was performed by mapping our S. incanum and S. aethiopicum reads, as well as reads from S. melongena and S. torvum available on NCBI database (National Center for Biotechnology Information), against the eggplant genome. Both intraspecific and interspecific polymorphisms were identified and subsets of molecular markers were created for all species combinations. 36 SNVs were selected for validation in the S. incanum and S. aethiopicum accessions and 96 % were correctly amplified confirming the polymorphisms. In addition, 976 and 1,278 SSRs were identified in S. incanum and S. aethiopicum transcriptomes respectively, and a set of them were validated. Conclusions This work provides a broad insight into gene sequences and allelic variation in S. incanum and S. aethiopicum. This work is a first step toward better understanding of target genes involved in metabolic pathways relevant for eggplant breeding. The molecular markers detected in this study could be used across all the eggplant genepool, which is of interest for breeding programs as well as to perform marker-trait association and QTL analysis studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2631-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gramazio
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Blanca
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Ziarsolo
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - F J Herraiz
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Plazas
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Vilanova
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Phenolic Profile and Biological Activities of the Pepino (Solanum muricatum) Fruit and Its Wild Relative S. caripense. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:394. [PMID: 26999114 PMCID: PMC4813249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The pepino (Solanum muricatum) is an edible and juicy fruit native to the Andean region which is becoming increasingly important. However, little information is available on its phenolic composition and bioactive properties. Four pepino varieties (37-A, El Camino, Puzol, and Valencia) and one accession (E-7) of its close wild relative S. caripense were characterized by HPLC-DAD-MSn/ESI. Twenty-four hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected (5 to 16 compounds per variety or accession), with differences of more than two-fold for their total content among the materials studied. The major phenolics in the pepino varieties were chlorogenic acids and derivatives, while in S. caripense a caffeoyl-synapoyl-quinic acid was the major compound. The in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), and TRC (total reducing capacity) tests) was higher in S. caripense. Pepino and S. caripense extracts were not toxic for RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and the raw extracts inhibited NO production of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages by 36% (El Camino) to 67% (37-A). No single variety ranked high simultaneously for hydroxycinnamic acids content, antioxidant activity and biological activity. We suggest the screening of large collections of germplasm or the use of complementary crosses between Puzol (high for hydroxycinnamic acids and biological activity) and S. caripense E-7 (high for antioxidant activity) to select and breed pepino varieties with enhanced properties.
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Piana M, Camponogara C, Boligon AA, Machado MM, de Brum TF, Oliveira SM, de Freitas Bauermann L. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum corymbiflorum leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:16-21. [PMID: 26721215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Solanum corymbiflorum is popularly known as "baga-de-veado" and its leaves are applied on inflamed legs, scabies, tick bite, boils, mastitis, low back pain and otitis. The aim of this study was evaluate anti-inflammatory in vivo activity and relate this activity with antioxidant compounds present in the extract of S. corymbiflorum leaves. The extract from S. corymbiflorum leaves topically applied was able to reduce the croton oil-induced ear edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity with maximum inhibition of 87±3% and 45±7%, rescpectively in the dose of 1mg/ear. Similar results were found for positive control dexamethasone, which presented inhibitions of ear edema and MPO activity of 89±3% and 50±3%, respectively in a dose of 0.1mg/ear. These findings are due, at least in part, the presence of polyphenols (195.28mg GAE/g) and flavonoids, as chlorogenic acid (59.27mg/g), rutin (12.72mg/g), rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and gallic acid found by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. This species showed potencial antioxidant by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and carbonyl groups in proteins methods which may be related with the presence of this compounds. This species possess anti-inflammatory activity confirming their popular use for the local treatment of skin inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Piana
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Camponogara
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Mansur Machado
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa-UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Thiele Faccim de Brum
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Liliane de Freitas Bauermann
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Diversity in composition of scarlet (S. aethiopicum) and gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants and of interspecific hybrids between S. aethiopicum and common eggplant (S. melongena). J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kaushik P, Andújar I, Vilanova S, Plazas M, Gramazio P, Herraiz FJ, Brar NS, Prohens J. Breeding Vegetables with Increased Content in Bioactive Phenolic Acids. Molecules 2015; 20:18464-81. [PMID: 26473812 PMCID: PMC6332125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetables represent a major source of phenolic acids, powerful antioxidants characterized by an organic carboxylic acid function and which present multiple properties beneficial for human health. In consequence, developing new varieties with enhanced content in phenolic acids is an increasingly important breeding objective. Major phenolic acids present in vegetables are derivatives of cinnamic acid and to a lesser extent of benzoic acid. A large diversity in phenolic acids content has been found among cultivars and wild relatives of many vegetable crops. Identification of sources of variation for phenolic acids content can be accomplished by screening germplasm collections, but also through morphological characteristics and origin, as well as by evaluating mutations in key genes. Gene action estimates together with relatively high values for heritability indicate that selection for enhanced phenolic acids content will be efficient. Modern genomics and biotechnological strategies, such as QTL detection, candidate genes approaches and genetic transformation, are powerful tools for identification of genomic regions and genes with a key role in accumulation of phenolic acids in vegetables. However, genetically increasing the content in phenolic acids may also affect other traits important for the success of a variety. We anticipate that the combination of conventional and modern strategies will facilitate the development of a new generation of vegetable varieties with enhanced content in phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Isabel Andújar
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Santiago Vilanova
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Pietro Gramazio
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Herraiz
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain.
| | - Navjot Singh Brar
- Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125001, India.
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain.
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Ng RFL, Zainal Abidin N, Shuib AS, Israf Ali DA. Inhibition of nitric oxide production bySolanum melongenaandSolanum macrocarponon RAW 264.7 cells. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1051241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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