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Saffran NL, Gross AS, Yu AT. Conjugated Linoleic Acid-induced Hepatotoxicity Requiring Liver Transplant. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101408. [PMID: 38975608 PMCID: PMC11222940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) typically presents with encephalopathy and impairment in the synthetic function of the liver. Weight loss supplements have been associated with ALF, and their use has only been increasing in the United States. We report a case of a 42-year-old woman with a history of Gilbert's syndrome who presented to the hospital with ALF secondary to weight loss supplements, who ultimately required liver transplantation. This is the first known case of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) toxicity requiring liver transplantation in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aliza S. Gross
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen T. Yu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Hua R, Lam CS, Wu YK, Deng W, Chu N, Yang A, Chow E, Cheung YT. The use of potentially interacting supplement-drug pairs in adults with type 2 diabetes: A large population-based cohort study in the UK Biobank. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 211:111658. [PMID: 38583779 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the patterns of use of potentially interacting supplement-drug pairs in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in real-world settings, and to explore the impact of potentially interacting supplement-drug pairs on downstream outcomes. METHODS Potentially interacting supplement-drug pairs were identified from four tertiary databases. We categorized the potential pharmacodynamic interactions into different clinical types according to their related outcomes and explored their associations with incident outcomes using Cox models. RESULTS 26,394 participants with T2D in the UK Biobank were included. Half (48.5 %) were supplement users, of whom 85.0 % were taking potentially interacting supplement-drug pairs. The potential pharmacodynamic interactions were related to various clinical outcomes, including reducing the effects of glucose-lowering drugs (50.7 %), hypotension (49.8 %), bleeding (50.4 %) and hepatotoxicity (34.8 %). Exploratory analyses found that the use of potentially interacting supplement-drug pairs was associated with incident hepatic diseases (hazard ratio = 1.26, 95 % confidence interval 1.10-1.44, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Real-world data suggests that most adults with T2D who concurrently used supplements and drugs were on potentially interacting supplement-drug combinations, with the potential of causing adverse outcomes such as incident hepatic diseases. Clinicians should communicate with patients and assess the potential risk of supplement-drug interactions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Sing Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Kang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weishang Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Natural Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yin Ting Cheung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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3
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Mercedes R, Harpavat S, Hertel PM, Sasa G, Kirk S, Patel K, Mysore KR. Herbal and dietary supplement induced liver injury leading to hepatitis-associated severe aplastic anemia: A case report. JPGN REPORTS 2024; 5:208-212. [PMID: 38756121 PMCID: PMC11093934 DOI: 10.1002/jpr3.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Herbal and dietary supplements (HDS) are a common etiology of drug induced liver injury and, specifically, Herbalife® supplements have been implicated. Hepatitis associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is a rare and potentially fatal complication after acute hepatitis characterized by pancytopenia. While there have been rare cases of HDS leading to HAAA, no cases of Herbalife® induced liver injury leading to HAAA have been reported from this specific HDS. We report a unique case of severe aplastic anemia developing after sub-fulminant liver failure associated with chronic HDS use. This case illustrates the importance of warning the public about HDS as their use continues to increase. It is not only important to recognize HDS as etiology, but also for healthcare providers to carefully monitor these patients after resolution of liver injury for the development of HAAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mercedes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Sanjiv Harpavat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Paula M. Hertel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ghadir Sasa
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Susan Kirk
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kalyani Patel
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Krupa R. Mysore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
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Couto AF, Estevinho BN. Valorization of Agricultural By-Products ( Fragaria vesca) through the Production of Value-Added Micro/Nanostructures Using Electrohydrodynamic Techniques. Foods 2024; 13:1162. [PMID: 38672833 PMCID: PMC11048920 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An innovative approach for the production of bio-micro/nanostructures with high-value compounds from agricultural by-products was studied. This research aimed to valorize bioactive compounds existing in the by-products of the plants of Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry). The particle characteristics, morphology, size, release properties, and antioxidant activity of micro/nanostructures containing the extract of by-products of the plants of Fragaria vesca or quercetin (one of the main polyphenols in the plant) were analyzed. The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) technique was utilized for encapsulation. The results showed that the morphology and size of the structures were influenced by the concentration of zein, with 10% w/v zein concentration leading to irregular and non-uniform nanostructures, while 20% w/v zein concentration resulted in a mixture of microparticles and thin fibers with an irregular surface. The type and concentration of the core material did not significantly affect the morphology of the micro/nanostructures. In vitro release studies demonstrated the controlled release of the core materials from the zein micro/nanostructures. The release profiles were analyzed using the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Weibull models, which provided insights into the release mechanisms and kinetics. The most relevant release mechanism is associated with "Fickian Diffusion". The antioxidant activity of the structures was evaluated using an ABTS radical-scavenging assay, indicating their potential as antioxidants. In conclusion, the EHD technique enabled the successful encapsulation of Fragaria vesca by-product extract and quercetin with zein, resulting in micro/nanostructures with different morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Francisca Couto
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Berta N. Estevinho
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Haloub K, McNamara E, Yahya RH. An Unusual Case of Dietary-Induced Liver Injury during Pregnancy: A Case Report of Probable Liver Injury due to High-Dose Turmeric Intake and Literature Review. Case Reports Hepatol 2024; 2024:6677960. [PMID: 38352658 PMCID: PMC10864038 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6677960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Turmeric-induced liver injury is a controversial topic, and turmeric is safe to consume during pregnancy in small amounts; however, it might be an uncommon cause of liver injury if consumed in large amounts. We hereby report a case of a pregnant patient who demonstrated atypical signs and symptoms of dietary-induced liver injury during pregnancy. She presented with itching at 23 weeks 4 days of pregnancy and had deranged liver function tests and was diagnosed with dietary-induced liver injury. The patient was managed with a strict diet during the pregnancy which resulted in a significant improvement in the clinical and biochemical findings during the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Haloub
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elly McNamara
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rani Haj Yahya
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Vidal C, Robles I, Carreño E. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU) after Intake of Dietary Supplement. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:242-243. [PMID: 36628464 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2162423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis syndrome (TINU) is thought to be an interplay between environmental and genetic factors leading to an inappropriate immune response. METHODS Report of a clinical case. RESULTS We present a case of TINU syndrome which meets the clinical and anatomopathological features according to the classification criteria of the standardization of uveitis nomenclature (SUN) working group. The only possible causal agent was found to be the intake of a nutritional supplement. CONCLUSION Our case highlights the role of environmental factors as triggers for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vidal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Robles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Ester Carreño
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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Santangeli E, Abbati C, Chen R, Di Carlo A, Leoni S, Piscaglia F, Ferri S. Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:427. [PMID: 38337711 PMCID: PMC10857546 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent the leading cause of liver disease. The classical clinical presentation of the cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. Due to an obesogenic lifestyle (lack of physical activity and overall malnutrition, with an excess of caloric intake together with a deficit of proteins and micronutrients), these patients frequently develop a complex clinical condition defined as sarcopenic obesity (SO). The interplay between cirrhosis and SO lies in the sharing of multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including malnutrition/malabsorption, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia and insulin resistance. The presence of SO worsens the outcome of cirrhotic patients, affecting overall morbidity and mortality. International nutrition and liver diseases societies strongly agree on recommending the use of food as an integral part of the healing process in the comprehensive management of these patients, including a reduction in caloric intake, protein and micronutrient supplementation and sodium restriction. Based on the pathophysiological paths shared by cirrhosis and SO, this narrative review aims to highlight the nutritional interventions currently advocated by international guidelines, as well as to provide hints on the possible role of micronutrients and nutraceuticals in the treatment of this multifaceted clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Santangeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Abbati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Rusi Chen
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Alma Di Carlo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Simona Leoni
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
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8
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Lam CS, Hua R, Au-Doung PLW, Wu YK, Koon HK, Zhou KR, Loong HHF, Chung VCH, Cheung YT. Association between potential supplement-drug interactions and liver diseases in patients with cancer: A large prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:152-159. [PMID: 38057000 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The concurrent use of herbal and dietary supplements and conventional drugs can lead to interactions in patients with cancer, of which hepatotoxicity is one of the most concerning sequelae. This study examined the potential supplement-drug interactions involving the hepatic system, and their associations with documented liver diseases, among patients with cancer in a large population-based cohort in the UK Biobank. METHODS Participants diagnosed with cancer and had completed supplement-use assessment after diagnosis were included. Potentially interacting supplement-drug combinations that involved CYP enzymes or increased the risk of hepatotoxicity were identified from four tertiary databases. Liver diseases were identified using ICD-codes K70-77. Log-binomial regression was used to investigate the associations between potentially-interacting supplement-drug combinations and liver diseases documented (1) at any time, and (2) confined to only after the time of supplement-use assessment, adjusting for age, sex and pre-existing comorbidities. RESULTS This analysis included 30,239 participants (mean age = 60.0 years; 61.9% female). Over half (n = 17,698, 58.5%) reported the use of supplements after cancer diagnoses. Among supplements users, 36.9% (n = 6537/17,698) were on supplement-drug combinations with interacting potential involving the hepatic system. Patients taking supplements and drugs who had hepatic comorbidities were more likely to take potentially interacting pairs (adjusted risk ratio = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.06-1.23, p < 0.001). However, no significant association was observed between the use of these combinations and subsequent liver diseases (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Approximately one-third of the participants who had cancer and were supplement users had a risk of potential supplement-drug interactions that contribute to adverse liver effect. Healthcare professionals should communicate with patients with cancer, especially those with pre-existing liver diseases, about supplement use and proactively assess the clinical significance of potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Sing Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yu Kang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Kee Koon
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keary Rui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herbert Ho-Fung Loong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Ho Chung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Ting Cheung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Chiba T. Patients Are Using Dietary Supplement for the Treatment of Their Diseases without Consultation with Their Physicians and Pharmacists. PHARMACY 2023; 11:179. [PMID: 37987389 PMCID: PMC10661250 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11060179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate use of dietary supplements by patients might exacerbate their diseases. The aim of this study was to clarify the situation of dietary supplement use for disease treatment among patients. A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted between 18 and 30 November 2022. A preliminary survey revealed that the proportion of patients who used dietary supplements to treat their disease ranged from 7.7% (cancer) to 28.2% (menopausal disorder). In the actual survey, across all diseases, patients who used dietary supplements for treatment purposes were satisfied with their therapeutic effects. Information obtained via the internet was the most common reason given for starting to use supplements. The proportions of patients who used supplements concurrently with medicine ranged from 25.4% (liver disease) to 72.2% (mental disorder). Most users of supplements did not consult with their physicians or pharmacists about them. However, patients preferred face-to-face consultation with a physician or pharmacist when discussing the concomitant use of medicines. In conclusion, the role of pharmacists is important for the appropriate use of dietary supplements among patients, especially concomitant use with medicines. More awareness about dietary supplements is needed for healthcare professionals to consult with their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Chiba
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan
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10
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Pedroza-García KA, Careaga-Cárdenas G, Díaz-Galindo C, Quintanar JL, Hernández-Jasso I, Ramírez-Orozco RE. Bioactive role of vitamins as a key modulator of oxidative stress, cellular damage and comorbidities associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1120-1137. [PMID: 36537581 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) cause significant disability and impact the quality of life of those affected by it. The nutritional status and diet are fundamental to diminish the progression of complications; vitamins modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, promote blood-spinal cord barrier preservation and the prompt recovery of homeostasis. A deep knowledge of the benefits achieved from vitamins in patients with SCI are summarized. Information of dosage, time, and effects of vitamins in these patients are also displayed. Vitamins have been extensively investigated; however, more clinical trials are needed to clarify the scope of vitamin supplementation.Objective: The objective of this review was to offer relevant therapeutic information based on vitamins supplementation for SCI patients.Methods: Basic and clinical studies that have implemented the use of vitamins in SCI were considered. They were selected from the year 2000-2022 from three databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.Results: Consistent benefits in clinical trials were shown in those who were supplemented with vitamin D (prevents osteoporosis and improves physical performance variables), B3 (improves lipid profile) and B12 (neurological prophylaxis of chronic SCI damage) mainly. On the other hand, improvement related to neuroprotection, damage modulation (vitamin A) and its prophylaxis were associated to B complex vitamins supplementation; the studies who reported positive results are displayed in this review.Discussion: Physicians should become familiar with relevant information that can support conventional treatment in patients with SCI, such as the use of vitamins, a viable option that can improve outcomes in patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Pedroza-García
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Gabriela Careaga-Cárdenas
- Biomedical Research, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carmen Díaz-Galindo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - J Luis Quintanar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Irma Hernández-Jasso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Ricardo E Ramírez-Orozco
- Departamento de Nutrición, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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11
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Rivero-Pino F, Casanova AG. Hepatotoxicity due to dietary supplements: state-of-the-art, gaps and perspectives. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:601-610. [PMID: 38062980 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2282415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Food supplements are products intended to complement the normal diet and consist of concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect. Although they are generally considered safe if the manufacturer's recommendations are followed, many of them have shown hepatotoxic properties. This can cause many diseases (e.g. steatohepatitis and cirrhosis) characterized by progressive damage and malfunction of the liver that in the long term can lead to death. A review of the literature was carried out to elucidate which dietary supplements have been associated with cases of hepatotoxicity in recent years, with emphasis on those relevant to the consumer and the new trends (e.g. cannabidiol). It has been reported that the supplements described as hepatotoxic are mainly of botanical origin (e.g. green tea or turmeric) and those used in sports (mainly anabolic androgenic steroids). There is a great variability of compounds described as causing liver damage, although sometimes it is not possible to identify them, because they are contaminants or adulterants of the products. In addition, the prevalence of toxic effects after the administration of supplements is difficult to define due to underreporting and the lack of specific studies. Globally regarding hepatotoxicity of dietary supplements, there is a paucity of well-conducted clinical trials on the efficacy of these compounds and the frequency of related liver damage, as the use of these products is largely uncontrolled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rivero-Pino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Alfredo G Casanova
- Toxicology Unit, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Tao L, Liao J, Zhang X, Zheng R, Shang H. Association of medicinal plant consumption with all-cause mortality and cognitive impairment in older adult: A large prospective cohort study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154995. [PMID: 37516089 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng and other medicinal plants have long been believed to have beneficial effects on health, and there is substantial evidence supporting their mechanisms of action. However, the extent of the health benefits derived from consuming these medicinal plants lacks substantial evidence from large-scale longitudinal population studies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of consuming these medicinal plants on all-cause mortality and cognitive impairment. METHODS A population-based cohort study was conducted using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), which was established in 1998 and has been followed up till now. The main exposure was the frequency of eating medicinal plants, including Panax ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, etc. According to the consumption patterns of medicinal plants, the participants were divided into three groups: frequent use, occasional use, and rarely or never use group. The participants were individually tracked to determine their mortality and cognitive impairment status during the period from 2008 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risk model were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for the association between the use of medicinal plants and the all-cause mortality and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Among 13,918 participants, the average age was 87.2 ± 11.3 years old, and 70.1% (9,754/13,918) of the participants died during follow-up. The proportion of those frequently using, occasionally using, and rarely using medicinal plants was 8.4%, 20.7%, and 70.8%, respectively. Compared with the rarely or never use group, the occasional and frequent use groups demonstrated significantly lower risks for all-cause mortality, with HR of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71 - 0.79) and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.49 - 0.58), respectively. The protective effect of medicinal plants against all-cause mortality decreased with increasing age in the subgroup analysis. Additionally, frequent use of medicinal plants reduced the risk of cognitive impairment in the competing risk model (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60 - 0.87). However, there was no protective effect on cognitive function for those who occasional use medicinal plants. CONCLUSION In elderly individuals, occasional and frequent use of medicinal plants was associated with reductions in risk of all-cause mortality, and frequent use of medicinal plants could reduce the risk of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Liao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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13
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Poulsen-Silva E, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F, Atala C, Moreno AA, Otero MC. Bioactive Lichen Secondary Metabolites and Their Presence in Species from Chile. Metabolites 2023; 13:805. [PMID: 37512512 PMCID: PMC10383681 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of at least one fungal and one algal species. They are found in different environments around the world, even in the poles and deserts. Some species can withstand extreme abiotic conditions, including radiation and the vacuum of space. Their chemistry is mainly due to the fungal metabolism and the production of several secondary metabolites with biological activity, which have been isolated due to an increasing interest from the pharmaceutical community. However, beyond the experimental data, little is known about their mechanisms of action and the potential pharmaceutical use of these kinds of molecules, especially the ones isolated from lesser-known species and/or lesser-studied countries. The main objective of this review is to analyze the bibliographical data of the biological activity of secondary metabolites from lichens, identifying the possible mechanisms of action and lichen species from Chile. We carried out a bibliographic revision of different scientific articles in order to collect all necessary information on the biological activity of the metabolites of these lichen species. For this, validated databases were used. We found the most recent reports where in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the biological properties of these metabolites. The biological activity, namely anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, of 26 secondary metabolites are described, as well as their reported molecular mechanisms. The most notable metabolites found in this review were usnic acid, atranorin, protolichesterinic acid, and lobaric acid. Usnic acid was the most investigated metabolite, in addition to undergoing toxicological and pharmacological studies, where a hepatotoxicity effect was reported due to uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, no major studies have been made to validate the pharmacological application of these metabolites, and few advancements have been made in their artificial growth in bioreactors. Despite the described biological activities, there is little support to consider these metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations or to evaluate them in clinical trials. Nevertheless, it is important to carry out further studies regarding their possible human health effects. These lichen secondary metabolites present a promising research opportunity to find new pharmaceutical molecules due to their bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Poulsen-Silva
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Cristian Atala
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Adrián A Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - María Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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14
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Lubarska M, Hałasiński P, Hryhorowicz S, Mahadea DS, Łykowska-Szuber L, Eder P, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Liver Dangers of Herbal Products: A Case Report of Ashwagandha-Induced Liver Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3921. [PMID: 36900932 PMCID: PMC10002162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cases of liver damage caused by ashwagandha herbal supplements have been reported from different parts of the world (Japan, Iceland, India, and the USA). Here, we describe the clinical phenotype of suspected ashwagandha-induced liver injury and the potential causative mechanism. The patient was admitted to the hospital because of jaundice. In the interview, it was reported that he had been taking ashwagandha for a year. Laboratory results showed an increase in total bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), (gamma-glutamyl transpherase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and ferritin. Based on clinical symptoms and additional tests, the patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis and referred to a facility with a higher reference rate to exclude drug-induced liver injury. An R-value was assessed, indicative of hepatocellular injury. The result of the 24 h urine collection exceeded the upper limit of normal for copper excretion in urine twice. The clinical condition improved after intensive pharmacological treatment and four plasmapheresis treatments. This case is another showing the hepatotoxic potential of ashwagandha to cause cholestatic liver damage mixed with severe jaundice. In view of several documented cases of liver damage caused by ashwagandha and the unknown metabolic molecular mechanisms of substances contained in it, attention should be paid to patients reporting the use of these products in the past and presenting symptoms of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lubarska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Hałasiński
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Santabye Mahadea
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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15
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Xiong YT, Wang JF, Niu XX, Fu YM, Wang KX, Wang CY, Li QQ, Wang JJ, Zhao J, Ji D. Autoimmunity associates with severity of illness in elderly patients with drug-induced liver injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1071709. [PMID: 36874016 PMCID: PMC9978525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1071709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a potentially serious adverse drug reaction. Due to the lack of definite etiology, specific clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods, its prediction and diagnosis are challenging. Elderly individuals are deemed to be at high risk for DILI due to abnormal pharmacokinetics, aging tissue repair function, comorbidities, and taking multiple drugs. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and explore the risk factors associated with the severity of illness in elderly patients with DILI. Methods: In the present study, the clinical characteristics at the time of liver biopsy of consecutive patients with biopsy-proven DILI who presented at our hospital from June 2005 to September 2022 were evaluated. Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were assessed according to the Scheuer scoring system. The presence of autoimmunity was considered if IgG level >1.1 × ULN (1826 mg/dL), or high titer (>1:80) of ANA, or SMA. Results: In total, 441 patients were enrolled, and the median age was 63.3 years (IQR, 61.0-66.0); 122 (27.7%), 195 (44.2%), or 124 (28.1%) were classified as having minor, moderate, or severe hepatic inflammation, respectively; and 188 (42.6%), 210 (47.6%) or 43 (9.8%) patients presented minor, significant fibrosis or cirrhosis, respectively. Female sex (73.5%) and the cholestatic pattern (47.6%) were dominant in elderly DILI patients. Autoimmunity existed in 201 patients (45.6%). Comorbidities were not directly associated with the severity of DILI. PLT (OR: 0.994, 95% CI: 0.991-0.997; p < 0.001), AST (OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003, p = 0.012), TBIL (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.003-1.010, p < 0.001), and autoimmunity (OR: 1.831, 95% CI: 1.258-2.672, p = 0.002) were associated with the degree of hepatic inflammation. Meanwhile, PLT (OR: 0.990, 95% CI: 0.986-0.993, p < 0.001), TBIL (OR: 1.004, 95% CI: 1.000-1.007, p = 0.028), age (OR: 1.123, 95% CI: 1.067-1.183, p < 0.001), and autoimmunity (OR: 1.760, 95% CI: 1.191-2.608, p = 0.005) were associated with the stage of hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion: This study revealed that the presence of autoimmunity represents a more serious illness state of DILI, deserving more intensive monitoring and progressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Xiong
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,307 Clinical Medical College of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Fei Wang
- Emergency Department, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Niu
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fu
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,307 Clinical Medical College of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Ji
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,307 Clinical Medical College of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
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16
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Mediterranean Food Industry By-Products as a Novel Source of Phytochemicals with a Promising Role in Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248655. [PMID: 36557789 PMCID: PMC9784942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is recognized as a sustainable dietary approach with beneficial health effects. This is highly relevant, although the production of typical Mediterranean food, i.e., olive oil or wine, processed tomatoes and pomegranate products, generates significant amounts of waste. Ideally, this waste should be disposed in an appropriate, eco-friendly way. A number of scientific papers were published recently showing that these by-products can be exploited as a valuable source of biologically active components with health benefits, including anticancer effects. In this review, accordingly, we elaborate on such phytochemicals recovered from the food waste generated during the processing of vegetables and fruits, typical of the Mediterranean diet, with a focus on substances with anticancer activity. The molecular mechanisms of these phytochemicals, which might be included in supporting treatment and prevention of various types of cancer, are presented. The use of bioactive components from food waste may improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of the food processing industry in the Mediterranean region and can provide a new strategy to approach prevention of cancer.
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17
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Ellis K, Brandt-Sarif M, Sunny J, Koyfman S. General Hepatitis. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:493-506. [PMID: 36045156 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2021-005279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Osborn JB. 50 Years Ago in TheJournalofPediatrics: Hepatotoxic Drugs of Abuse in Adolescents. J Pediatr 2022; 247:123. [PMID: 36058594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Osborn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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19
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Petrovic A, Vukadin S, Sikora R, Bojanic K, Smolic R, Plavec D, Wu GY, Smolic M. Anabolic androgenic steroid-induced liver injury: An update. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3071-3080. [PMID: 36051334 PMCID: PMC9331524 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are a group of molecules including endogenous testosterone and synthetic derivatives that have both androgenic and anabolic effects. These properties make them therapeutically beneficial in medical conditions such as hypogonadism. However, they are commonly bought illegally and misused for their anabolic, skeletal muscle building, and performance-enhancing effects. Supraphysiologic and long-term use of AASs affects all organs, leading to cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, gastrointestinal, renal, and hematologic disorders. Hepatotoxicity is one of the major concerns regarding AASs treatment and abuse. Testosterone and its derivatives have been most often shown to induce a specific form of cholestasis, peliosis hepatis, and hepatic benign and malignant tumors. It is currently believed that mechanisms of pathogenesis of these disorders include disturbance of antioxidative factors, upregulation of bile acid synthesis, and induction of hepatocyte hyperplasia. Most toxicity cases are treated with supportive measures and liver function normalizes with discontinuation of AAS. However, some long-term consequences are irreversible. AAS-induced liver injury should be taken in consideration in patients with liver disorders, especially with the increasing unintentional ingestion of supplements containing AAS. In this paper, we review the most current knowledge about AAS-associated adverse effects on the liver, and their clinical presentations, prevalence, and pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Petrovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Sonja Vukadin
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Renata Sikora
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Kristina Bojanic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
- Department of Biophysics and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
- Department of Radiology, Health Center Osijek-Baranja County, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Davor Plavec
- Research Department, Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - George Y Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrenterology/Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
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20
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Li P, Zhang L, Guo Z, Kang Q, Chen C, Liu X, Ma Q, Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang T. Epimedium koreanum Nakai–Induced Liver Injury—A Mechanistic Study Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934057. [PMID: 35910368 PMCID: PMC9326364 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimedii Folium is widely used worldwide as an herbal supplement, and the risk of its induced liver damage has emerged in recent years. Our preliminary study has found that, among several Epimedii Folium species specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Epimedium koreanum Nakai has a more severe propensity for hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai is still unclear. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was performed to analyze the serum and liver tissue to explore the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. The results of experiments in vivo showed that, after 28 days of exposure to Epimedium koreanum Nakai ethanol extract (EEE), the liver weight, levels of AST, ALP, TBIL, etc. in serum of rats in the EEE group were significantly increased, as well as severe cytoplasmic vacuolation appeared in the liver tissue, which suggested that EEE has significant hepatotoxicity. Subsequently, the results of metabolomics revealed significant changes in the metabolic profile in the liver and serum of rats after EEE exposure, in which metabolites in serum such as flavin mononucleotide, phenylacetylglycine, glutathione, l-tryptophan, and sphingomyelin were able to accurately identify liver injury caused by EEE and could be used as serum markers to reflect EEE-induced liver injury. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that EEE caused extensive effects on rats' metabolic pathways. Some of the most affected pathways included glutathione metabolism, glutamate metabolism pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway, and sphingolipid metabolism pathway, which were all directed to the biological process of ferroptosis. Then, the main markers related to ferroptosis in the liver were examined, and the results demonstrated that the content of malondialdehyde was significantly increased, the activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly reduced, the ferroptosis inhibitory proteins GPX4 and System xc− were significantly downregulated, and the ferroptosis-promoting protein ACSL4 was significantly up-regulated. Judging from these results, we concluded that the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Epimedium koreanum Nakai was probably related to the induction of ferroptosis in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Zhang
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang, ; Ting Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Wang
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang, ; Ting Wang,
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21
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Vuppalanchi R, Bonkovsky HL, Ahmad J, Barnhart H, Durazo F, Fontana RJ, Gu J, Khan I, Kleiner DE, Koh C, Rockey DC, Phillips EJ, Li YJ, Serrano J, Stolz A, Tillmann HL, Seeff LB, Hoofnagle JH, Navarro VJ. Garcinia cambogia, Either Alone or in Combination With Green Tea, Causes Moderate to Severe Liver Injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:e1416-e1425. [PMID: 34400337 PMCID: PMC9004424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Garcinia cambogia, either alone or with green tea, is commonly promoted for weight loss. Sporadic cases of liver failure from G cambogia have been reported, but its role in liver injury is controversial. METHODS Among 1418 patients enrolled in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) from 2004 to 2018, we identified 22 cases (adjudicated with high confidence) of liver injury from G cambogia either alone (n = 5) or in combination with green tea (n = 16) or Ashwagandha (n = 1). Control groups consisted of 57 patients with liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements (HDS) containing green tea without G cambogia and 103 patients from other HDS. RESULTS Patients who took G cambogia were between 17 and 54 years, with liver injury arising 13-223 days (median = 51) after the start. One patient died, one required liver transplantation, and 91% were hospitalized. The liver injury was hepatocellular with jaundice. Although the peak values of aminotransferases were significantly higher (2001 ± 1386 U/L) in G cambogia group (P < .018), the median time for improvement in total bilirubin was significantly lower compared with the control groups (10 vs 17 and 13 days; P = .03). The presence of HLA-B∗35:01 allele was significantly higher in the G cambogia containing HDS (55%) compared with patients because of other HDS (19%) (P = .002) and those with acute liver injury from conventional drugs (12%) (P = 2.55 × 10-6). CONCLUSIONS The liver injury caused by G cambogia and green tea is clinically indistinguishable. The possible association with HLA-B∗35:01 allele suggests an immune-mediated mechanism of injury. CLINICAL TRIALS gov number: NCT00345930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Vuppalanchi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Jawad Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Huiman Barnhart
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (Y-J. L., HB, JG)
| | - Francisco Durazo
- University of California Los Angeles Medical School, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert J. Fontana
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jiezhun Gu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (Y-J. L., HB, JG)
| | - Ikhlas Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Liver Disease Research Branch, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition (JHH, JS), and the Liver Diseases Branch (CK), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and the Laboratory of Pathology (DEK), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher Koh
- Liver Disease Research Branch, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition (JHH, JS), and the Liver Diseases Branch (CK), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and the Laboratory of Pathology (DEK), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Don C. Rockey
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Yi-Ju Li
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (Y-J. L., HB, JG)
| | - Jose Serrano
- Liver Disease Research Branch, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition (JHH, JS), and the Liver Diseases Branch (CK), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and the Laboratory of Pathology (DEK), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrew Stolz
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Leonard B. Seeff
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jay H. Hoofnagle
- Liver Disease Research Branch, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition (JHH, JS), and the Liver Diseases Branch (CK), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and the Laboratory of Pathology (DEK), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Victor J. Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA
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22
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Molz P, Rossi RM, Schlickmann DS, Dos Santos C, Franke SIR. Dietary supplement use and its associated factors among gym users in Southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Molz
- Department Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do SulGraduate Program, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SulGraduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raquel M. Rossi
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Diene S. Schlickmann
- Department Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do SulGraduate Program, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dos Santos
- Department Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do SulGraduate Program, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia I. R. Franke
- Department Health Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do SulGraduate Program, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
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23
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Delladetsima K, Manesis E, Tiniakos D, Sakellariou S. Complex liver injury induced by combined Aloe Vera and vitamin A oral supplements, as assessed by histology and the updated RUCAM. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of combined acute and chronic liver injury related to consumption of multi-ingredient nutritional oral supplements containing Aloe Vera gel and vitamin A among other vitamins, minerals and dietary elements such as fish and calamari oil in a 59-year-old female with unexplained hypertransaminasemia is reported. A unique complex liver injury was diagnosed on liver biopsy combining histological features of protracted acute hepatitis, mild manifestation of hypervitaminosis A and lipogranulomatous reaction attributed to Aloe Vera, vitamin A and lipids, respectively. Normalization of liver tests was achieved after discontinuation of all nutritional supplements. Updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score (+8, probable) further supported herb-induced liver injury. The present case highlights the increasing incidence of complex histological liver injury linked to the constantly growing consumption of multi-ingredient dietary supplements and alternative medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dina Tiniakos
- Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, NE2 4HH Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stratigoula Sakellariou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Tidmas V, Brazier J, Hawkins J, Forbes SC, Bottoms L, Farrington K. Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Strategies in Bodybuilding: Impact on Kidney Function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074288. [PMID: 35409969 PMCID: PMC8998289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Bodybuilders routinely engage in many dietary and other practices purported to be harmful to kidney health. The development of acute kidney injury, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and nephrocalcinosis may be particular risks. There is little evidence that high-protein diets and moderate creatine supplementation pose risks to individuals with normal kidney function though long-term high protein intake in those with underlying impairment of kidney function is inadvisable. The links between anabolic androgenic steroid use and FSGS are stronger, and there are undoubted dangers of nephrocalcinosis in those taking high doses of vitamins A, D and E. Dehydrating practices, including diuretic misuse, and NSAID use also carry potential risks. It is difficult to predict the effects of multiple practices carried out in concert. Investigations into subclinical kidney damage associated with these practices have rarely been undertaken. Future research is warranted to identify the clinical and subclinical harm associated with individual practices and combinations to enable appropriate and timely advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tidmas
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sports Science, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (V.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Jon Brazier
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sports Science, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (V.T.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Janine Hawkins
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (J.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada;
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sports Science, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (V.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Ken Farrington
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK; (J.H.); (K.F.)
- Renal Unit, Lister Hospital, East and North Herts Trust, Stevenage SG1 4AB, UK
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Knapik JJ, Trone DW, Steelman RA, Farina EK, Lieberman HR. Adverse effects associated with use of specific dietary supplements: The US Military Dietary Supplement Use Study. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112840. [PMID: 35093428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplements (DSs) are used by 50% of Americans and 70% of United States military service members (SMs); some have adverse effects (AEs). This cross-sectional investigation examined AEs associated with specific DSs. A stratified random sample of SMs from the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy was obtained. Volunteers completed a questionnaire reporting AEs for 96 generic and 62 specific DSs. The highest prevalence (≥1 AE) in specific DS categories was 35% prohormones, 33% weight loss supplements, 26% pre/post workout supplements, 14% herbal products, 12% multivitamin/multiminerals, 11% protein/amino acids, 9% muscle building supplements, 7% other DSs, 6% joint health products, and 5% individual vitamins/minerals. Specific DSs of concern (with proportion reporting AEs) included: Libido Max® (35%), Hydroxycut Hardcore® (33%), OxyElite® (33%), Roxylean® (31%), Growth Factor 9® (30%), Super HD® (29%), Hydroxycut Advanced® (29%), Lipo 6® (28%), The Ripper® (27%), Test Booster® (27%), Xenadrine Xtreme Thermogenic® (27%), C4 Extreme® (26%), and C4 Origional® (25%). Products marketed for weight loss, use before/after workout, and prohormones had the highest AE prevalence. DSs can contain substances with independent/additive AEs and/or interact with other ingredients or prescribed medications. Methods described here could provide a continuous surveillance system detecting dangerous DSs entering the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Knapik
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - Daniel W Trone
- Naval Health Research Center, Building 329, Ryne Rd, San Diego, CA, 92152, USA
| | - Ryan A Steelman
- Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Emily K Farina
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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Januszko P, Lange E. Nutrition, supplementation and weight reduction in combat sports: a review. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:485-498. [PMID: 34395698 PMCID: PMC8334642 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is the aspect closely connected to physical activity and may affect body composition, sports performance and post-workout regeneration. Using an appropriate diet plan is a proven method to optimize performance improvements in combat sports. In the majority of combat sports athletes are classified according to their body mass in order to minimize differences between competitors. Many athletes induce weight loss in order to gain an advantage over their opponents. The review was undertaken to provide safe, evidence-based protocols helping athletes in weight reduction without negative effects on sports performance. The nutritional requirements for combat sports athletes, sports supplements, gradual and rapid weight reduction strategies are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Januszko
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lange
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Wolf CPJG, Rachow T, Ernst T, Hochhaus A, Zomorodbakhsch B, Foller S, Rengsberger M, Hartmann M, Huebner J. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) supplements in cancer outpatients: analyses of usage and of interaction risks with cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:1123-1135. [PMID: 34228225 PMCID: PMC9016053 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of our study was to analyze the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) supplements, identify possible predictors, and analyze and compile potential interactions of CAM supplements with conventional cancer therapy. Methods We included outpatient cancer patients treated at a German university hospital in March or April 2020. Information was obtained from questionnaires and patient records. CAM–drug interactions were identified based on literature research for each active ingredient of the supplements consumed by the patients. Results 37.4% of a total of 115 patients consumed CAM supplements. Potential interactions with conventional cancer treatment were identified in 51.2% of these patients. All types of CAM supplements were revealed to be a potential source for interactions: vitamins, minerals, food and plant extracts, and other processed CAM substances. Younger age (< 62 years) (p = 0.020, φc = 0.229) and duration of individual cancer history of more than 1 year (p = 0.006, φc = 0.264) were associated with increased likelihood of CAM supplement use. A wide range of different CAM supplement interactions were reviewed: effects of antioxidants, cytochrome (CYP) interactions, and specific agonistic or antagonistic effects with cancer treatment. Conclusion The interaction risks of conventional cancer therapy with over-the-counter CAM supplements seem to be underestimated. Supplements without medical indication, as well as overdoses, should be avoided, especially in cancer patients. To increase patient safety, physicians should address the risks of interactions in physician–patient communication, document the use of CAM supplements in patient records, and check for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens P J G Wolf
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Tobias Rachow
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Konservative Tagesklinik des UniversitätsTumorCentrums (UTC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Susan Foller
- Klinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Rengsberger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Fortpflanzungsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Apotheke des Universitätsklinikums, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jutta Huebner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Integrative Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Mazzilli M, Macaluso F, Zambelli S, Picerno P, Iuliano E. The Use of Dietary Supplements in Fitness Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Observation Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18095005. [PMID: 34065071 PMCID: PMC8125933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of use of dietary supplements (DSs) among gym users and gym instructors involved in body shaping-oriented fitness training. Furthermore, this study aimed to verify whether differences existed in the prevalence and in the types of DSs used in both gym users and gym instructors involved in body shaping-oriented fitness competitions vs. those not involved in fitness competitions. A survey was distributed to 316 participants, composed of 89 gym instructors and 227 gym users of both genders aged 27.3 ± 7.7. Among these participants, 52 were involved in competitions and 248 were not, while 16 participants did not specify either way. The results showed a high prevalence in the use of DSs in the population considered, with 85.4% of the participants declaring they used DSs, with high heterogeneity in the numbers and in the combinations used. No differences were found between gym instructors and gym users, or between participants involved and those not involved in competitions. The results indicate that DSs are widely used by persons involved in body shaping-oriented fitness training. The results also suggest that the majority of the participants decided individually which DSs to use.
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Cataldi M, Citro V, Resnati C, Manco F, Tarantino G. New Avenues for Treatment and Prevention of Drug-Induced Steatosis and Steatohepatitis: Much More Than Antioxidants. Adv Ther 2021; 38:2094-2113. [PMID: 33761100 PMCID: PMC8107075 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced lipid accumulation in the liver may induce two clinically relevant conditions, drug-induced steatosis (DIS) and drug-induced steatohepatitis (DISH). The list of drugs that may cause DIS or DISH is long and heterogeneous and includes therapeutically relevant molecules that cannot be easily replaced by less hepatotoxic medicines, therefore making specific strategies necessary for DIS/DISH prevention or treatment. For years, the only available tools to achieve these goals have been antioxidant drugs and free radical scavengers, which counteract drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction but, unfortunately, have only limited efficacy. In the present review we illustrate how in vitro preclinical research unraveled new key players in the pathogenesis of specific forms of DISH, and how, in a few cases, proof of concept of the beneficial effects of their pharmacological modulation has been obtained in vivo in animal models of this condition. The key issue emerging from these studies is that, in selected cases, liver toxicity depends on mechanisms unrelated to those responsible for the desired, primary pharmacological effects of the toxic drug and, therefore, specific strategies can be designed to overcome steatogenicity without making the drug ineffective. In particular, the hepatotoxic drug could be given in combination with a second molecule intended to selectively antagonize its liver toxicity whilst, ideally, potentiating its desired pharmacological activity. Although most of the evidence that we discuss is from in vitro or animal models and will need to be further explored and validated in humans, it highlights new avenues to be pursued in order to improve the safety of steatogenic drugs.
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Interactions in cancer treatment considering cancer therapy, concomitant medications, food, herbal medicine and other supplements. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:461-473. [PMID: 33864520 PMCID: PMC8800918 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of our study was to analyse the frequency and severity of different types of potential interactions in oncological outpatients’ therapy. Therefore, medications, food and substances in terms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) like dietary supplements, herbs and other processed ingredients were considered. Methods We obtained data from questionnaires and from analysing the patient records of 115 cancer outpatients treated at a German university hospital. Drug–drug interactions were identified using a drug interaction checking software. Potential CAM-drug interactions and food–drug interactions were identified based on literature research. Results 92.2% of all patients were at risk of one or more interaction of any kind and 61.7% of at least one major drug–drug interaction. On average, physicians prescribed 10.4 drugs to each patient and 6.9 interactions were found, 2.5 of which were classified as major. The most prevalent types of drug–drug interactions were a combination of QT prolonging drugs (32.3%) and drugs with a potential for myelotoxicity (13.4%) or hepatotoxicity (10.1%). In 37.2% of all patients using CAM supplements the likelihood of interactions with medications was rated as likely. Food-drug interactions were likely in 28.7% of all patients. Conclusion The high amount of interactions could not be found in literature so far. We recommend running interaction checks when prescribing any new drug and capturing CAM supplements in medication lists too. If not advised explicitly in another way drugs should be taken separately from meals and by using nonmineralized water to minimize the risk for food–drug interactions.
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Siddiqui S, Ahmed N, Goswami M, Chakrabarty A, Chowdhury G. DNA damage by Withanone as a potential cause of liver toxicity observed for herbal products of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:72-81. [PMID: 34345852 PMCID: PMC8320610 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used medicinal herb Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) has been recently reported to cause liver damage. Withanone is a major metabolite of Ashwagandha. Withanone was found to cause DNA damage. Withanone forms adducts with amines and thiols. Withanone-mediated DNA damage has serious biological consequences.
Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, is a medicinal plant used for thousands of years for various remedies. Extracts of Ashwagandha contain more than 200 metabolites, with withanone (win) being one of the major ones responsible for many of its medicinal properties. Recently, several cases of liver toxicity resulting from commercially available Ashwagandha products have been reported. The first report of Ashwagandha-related liver damage was from Japan, which was quickly resolved after drug-withdrawal. Later, similar cases of liver toxicity due to Ashwagandha consumption were reported from the USA and Iceland. Towards understanding the liver toxicity of Ashwagandha extracts, we studied win, a representative withanolide having toxicophores or structural alerts that are commonly associated with adverse drug reactions. We found that win can form non-labile adducts with the nucleosides dG, dA, and dC. Using various biochemical assays, we showed that win forms adducts in DNA and interfere with its biological property. Win also forms adducts with amines and this process is reversible. Based on the data presented here we concluded that win is detoxified by GSH but under limiting GSH levels it can cause DNA damage. The work presented here provides a potential mechanism for the reported Ashwagandha-mediated liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Siddiqui
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, UP 201314, India
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, UP 201314, India
| | - Mausumi Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN 632014, India
| | - Anindita Chakrabarty
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, UP 201314, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, UP 201314, India
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Ippoliti I, Menniti-Ippolito F, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S. Suspected adverse reactions to performance enhancing dietary supplements: Spontaneous reports from the Italian phytovigilance system. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3246-3261. [PMID: 33569860 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herbal tonic and adaptogens are often used to improve overall well-being. However, few clinical evidence supports their use and their safety is not known before marketing. In this context, the aim of our study was to analyze the spontaneous reports of suspected adverse reactions (ARs) to performance enhancing herbal dietary supplements collected by the Italian Phytovigilance System. Between March 2002 and September 2020, 110 spontaneous reports were collected, 58 of which related to products containing botanicals, alone or in association. Twenty-three serious reactions were reported, 21 of which required hospitalization, one was life-threatening and another caused disability. Dermatological and cardiovascular reactions were the most frequent. Hepatic ARs were the most serious (9 out of 10). A positive dechallenge was indicated in 69% of cases, while a positive rechallenge occurred in 15%. Concomitant use of other products was present in 18 reports (31%), while predisposing conditions were indicated in 17 (29%). Present data highlight safety concerns on herbal dietary supplements used as cognitive and physical performance enhancers, mainly due to their quality and use without expert supervision. Considering that postmarketing surveillance is not required for these products, spontaneous reports represent the only tool to point out risks related to food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ippoliti
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Obesity is increasing in prevalence in liver transplant candidates and recipients. The rise in liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reflects this increase. Management of obesity in liver transplant candidates can be challenging due to the presence of decompensated cirrhosis and sarcopenia. Obesity may increase peritransplant morbidity but does not have an impact on long-term post-transplant survival. Bariatric surgery may be a feasible option in select patients before, during, or after liver transplantation. Use of weight loss drugs and/or endoscopic therapies for obesity management ultimately may play a role in liver transplant patients, but more research is needed to determine safety.
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Andueza N, Giner RM, Portillo MP. Risks Associated with the Use of Garcinia as a Nutritional Complement to Lose Weight. Nutrients 2021; 13:450. [PMID: 33572973 PMCID: PMC7911601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is one of the great nutritional problems facing public health. The prevalence of this pathology has increased in a worrying way over recent years, currently reaching epidemic proportions. In this context, nutritional supplements are presented as a therapeutic alternative to which more and more people are turning to. Nutritional supplements to lose weight based on the Garcinia plant, specifically on Garcinia cambogia, are commonly used. The active principle of this plant to which these properties have been attributed, is hydroxycitric acid (HCA). The aim of the present review is to gather reported data concerning the effectiveness of nutritional supplements based on Garcinia extracts on weight loss and their possible negative effects. Contradictory results have been observed regarding the effectiveness of the supplements. While statistically significant weight loss was observed in some studies, no changes were found in others. Regarding safety, although Garcinia supplements have been revealed as safe in the vast majority of the studies carried out in animal models and humans, some cases of hepatotoxicity, serotonin toxicity and mania have been reported. In conclusion, the results suggest that Garcinia-based supplements could be effective in short-term weight loss, although the data are not conclusive. In addition, the safety of the complement should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Andueza
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Giner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
- Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain;
- Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), 28014 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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Clark JE, Welch S. Comparing effectiveness of fat burners and thermogenic supplements to diet and exercise for weight loss and cardiometabolic health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2021; 27:445-459. [PMID: 33427571 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020982362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Those who are overfat face an onslaught of advice for losing weight, including using dietary supplements that purport to have fat burning capabilities to achieve a reduced body mass, fat mass and improvement in cardiometabolic health in combination with exercise or diet and exercise regimens. AIM To examine long-term effectiveness of supplements for both weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic health for these individuals. METHODS A PRISMA methods of systematic review was conducted from August 2018 through January 2019 using Medline, PubChem, PubMed, EBOSCO CINHAL and SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar yielding 23,441 returns of which 21 studies (duration greater than 8 weeks with participant populations of BMI greater than 24.9) were included for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis examined pooled effect size and 95% confidence interval for: body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, resting metabolic rate. Intra-study effect sizes were compared with previously reported results for diet or diet and exercise in a 2x2 chi-square analysis for the number of studies that induced effects greater than or less than the effect size. RESULTS There is a general trend to show effectiveness (effect size greater than 0.00) for obtaining beneficial changes from use of thermogenic dietary supplements, yet the 95% confidence interval for effect size crossed 0.00 (indicating no benefit). Chi-square comparison to exercise, or combination of diet and exercise, indicates that responses induced from weight-loss supplements were less effective than what is obtained from utilizing exercise, or diet and exercise, without additional weight-loss supplements. CONCLUSION There appears to be limited benefit that may be derived from the inclusion of thermogenic dietary supplements to reduce body mass and improve cardiometabolic health for individuals who are overfat.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Clark
- Scientific Health: Education and Human Performance, Brentwood, CA, USA.,Los Medanos College Brentwood Center, Brentwood, USA
| | - Sarah Welch
- Scientific Health: Education and Human Performance, Brentwood, CA, USA
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Sakurai K, Shen C, Ezaki Y, Inamura N, Fukushima Y, Masuoka N, Hisatsune T. Effects of Matcha Green Tea Powder on Cognitive Functions of Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123639. [PMID: 33256220 PMCID: PMC7760932 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matcha Green Tea Powder contains a variety of active ingredients beneficial to health, such as tea catechins, lutein and vitamin K. It is also known that these ingredients confer benefits upon cognitive functions of elderly people. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between a daily supplementation of Matcha and the change in cognitive functions of community-dwelling elderly people. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial was performed. Sixty-one participants were recruited and randomly assigned to receive test drink containing 3 g powder from fresh Matcha or placebo powder per day. Changes in cognitive function were assessed utilizing a psychometric test battery. Daily food intake was assessed by a Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (BDHQ). In the gender-specific analysis, a significant cognitive enhancement was observed in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score in the active group of women. In dietary analysis, we found a significant inverse correlation between consumption of vitamin K in daily diet, excluding test drinks, and change in MoCA. The present study suggests that daily supplementation of Matcha Green Tea Powder has protective effects against cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sakurai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (C.S.); (Y.E.); (N.M.)
| | - Chutong Shen
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (C.S.); (Y.E.); (N.M.)
| | - Yuri Ezaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (C.S.); (Y.E.); (N.M.)
| | - Noriko Inamura
- Community Health Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-8519, Japan;
- Urban Design Center Kashiwanoha (UDCK), Kashiwa 277-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Fukushima
- Marketing & Communications Division, Nestle Japan Ltd., Tokyo 140-0002, Japan;
| | - Nobutaka Masuoka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (C.S.); (Y.E.); (N.M.)
| | - Tatsuhiro Hisatsune
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (C.S.); (Y.E.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-7136-3632
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Kwong SP, Wang C. Review: Usnic acid-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103493. [PMID: 32961280 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of herbal and dietary supplement-induced hepatotoxicity has been reported worldwide. Usnic acid (UA) is a well-known hepatotoxin derived from lichens. Since 2000, more than 20 incident reports have been received by the US Food and Drug Administration after intake of UA containing dietary supplement resulting in severe complications. Scientists and clinicians have been studying the cause, prevention and treatment of UA-induced hepatotoxicity. It is now known that UA decouples oxidative phosphorylation, induces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, decreases glutathione (GSH), and induces oxidative stress markedly leading to lipid peroxidation and organelle stress. In addition, experimental rat liver tissues have shown massive vacuolization associated with cellular swellings. Additionally, various signaling pathways, such as c-JNK N-terminal kinase (JNK), store-operated calcium entry, nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) pathways are stimulated by UA causing beneficial or harmful effects. Nevertheless, there are controversial issues, such as UA-induced inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses, cytochrome P450 detoxifying UA into non-toxic or transforming UA into reactive metabolites, and unknown mechanism of the formation of vacuolization and membrane pore. This article focused on the previous and latest comprehensive putative mechanistic findings of UA-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death. New insights on controversial issues and future perspectives are also discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukfan P Kwong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Reprint of "Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence using rongalite as coreactant and its application in detection of foodstuff adulteration". J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lai WF, Baig MMFA, Wong WT, Zhu BT. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in functional food development: From concept to reality. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Evans JM, Luby R, Lukaczer D, Rountree R, Stone PM, Guilliams TG, Yanuck S, Messier H, Ramsdell K, Hanaway PJ. The Functional Medicine Approach to COVID-19: Virus-Specific Nutraceutical and Botanical Agents. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:34-42. [PMID: 33041706 PMCID: PMC7482149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the novel infection with SARS-CoV-2 emerges, objective assessment of the scientific plausibility of nutraceutical and botanical interventions for prevention and treatment is important. We evaluate twelve such interventions with mechanisms of action that modulate the immune system, impair viral replication, and/or have been demonstrated to reduce severity of illness. These are examples of interventions that, mechanistically, can help protect patients in the presence of the prevalent and infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. While there are limited studies to validate these agents to specifically prevent COVID-19, they have been chosen based upon their level of evidence for effectiveness and safety profiles, in the context of other viral infections. These agents are to be used in a patient-specific manner in concert with lifestyle interventions known to strengthen immune response (see related article in this issue of IMCJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Evans
- The Center for Functional Medicine, Stamford CT
| | - R Luby
- The Institute for Functional Medicine, Federal Way, WA
| | - D Lukaczer
- The Institute for Functional Medicine, Federal Way, WA
| | | | | | | | - S Yanuck
- The Yanuck Center for Life and Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - H Messier
- Medical Intelligence Learning Lab, Inc (MILLI), San Jose, CA
| | - K Ramsdell
- The Institute for Functional Medicine, Federal Way, WA
| | - P J Hanaway
- The Institute for Functional Medicine COVID-19 Task Force, Federal Way, WA
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Chiba T, Kobayashi E, Okura T, Sekimoto M, Mizuno H, Saito M, Umegaki K. An educational intervention improved knowledge of dietary supplements in college students. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:633. [PMID: 32381078 PMCID: PMC7204311 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported on the prevalence of dietary supplements among college students; it was deduced that their intake of supplements increased according to their grade (i.e., 13.1% in the first grade to 20.5% in the sixth grade). We also reported that some students had experienced adverse events in Japan due to their intake of these supplements. However, awareness of dietary supplements among college students remains limited, even among pharmaceutical students. Being appropriately educated about them is important for pharmaceutical students, both for themselves as well as for their future careers as pharmacists. METHODS We conducted a lecture-based educational intervention about dietary supplements on 328 college students in Japan-184 from pharmaceutical science and 144 from environmental science or food and life science disciplines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an educational intervention on college students' understanding of dietary supplements. The intervention involved a lecture that covered the quality of dietary supplements, how they differed from drugs, and a summary of their adverse events. The lecture was evaluated using a 14-question questionnaire. We then compared the pre- and post-intervention responses to the same questionnaire using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The questions were assessed using a Likert scale that ranged from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree"; the latter being the preferred answer. RESULTS Before the intervention had taken place, the students' understanding of dietary supplements was shown to be deficient. Conversely, post-intervention, their knowledge levels had significantly improved, especially concerning agreement on whether "Dietary supplements are safe because they are just food items". Pre-intervention, 2.7% strongly agreed and 37.5% agreed; post-intervention, 1.2% strongly agreed and 15.6% agreed. On whether "Dietary supplements made from natural ingredients or herbs are safe", at the pre-intervention stage 2.8% strongly agreed and 44.0% agreed and post-intervention, 2.2% strongly agreed and 16.9% agreed. On whether "Dietary supplements made from food items are safe", 4.0% strongly agreed and 43.6% agreed pre-intervention and 0.9% strongly agreed and 16.6% agreed post-intervention. Despite there being a greater number of pharmaceutical students who had a correct understanding of dietary supplements before the intervention, these students still showed improvement after the lecture. CONCLUSION An intervention in the form of a single educational lecture has the capacity to improve college students' understanding of dietary supplements. It is important for pharmacists to be appropriately educated about dietary supplements when they consult with patients. We will evaluate the long-term effects of the intervention on the alumni (pharmacists) in a subsequent study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Etsuko Kobayashi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Takashi Okura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Sekimoto
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Environmental Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideya Mizuno
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maki Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Keizo Umegaki
- Department of Food Safety and Management, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mediterranean Diet Nutrients to Turn the Tide against Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041066. [PMID: 32290535 PMCID: PMC7230471 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), defined as an attenuated biological response to circulating insulin, is a fundamental defect in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is also linked to a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cognitive impairment, endothelial dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and some endocrine tumors, including breast cancer. In obesity, the unbalanced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines can lead to the development of IR and its related metabolic complications, which are potentially reversible through weight-loss programs. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), characterized by high consumption of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), nuts, red wine, vegetables and other polyphenol-rich elements, has proved to be associated with greater improvement of IR in obese individuals, when compared to other nutritional interventions. Also, recent studies in either experimental animal models or in humans, have shown encouraging results for insulin-sensitizing nutritional supplements derived from MedDiet food sources in the modulation of pathognomonic traits of certain IR-related conditions, including polyunsaturated fatty acids from olive oil and seeds, anthocyanins from purple vegetables and fruits, resveratrol from grapes, and the EVOO-derived, oleacein. Although the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of these functional nutrients are still under investigation, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the metabolic benefits appear to be compound-specific and, in some cases, point to a role in gene expression through an involvement of the nuclear high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein.
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Jimenez-Lopez C, Fraga-Corral M, Carpena M, García-Oliveira P, Echave J, Pereira AG, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Agriculture waste valorisation as a source of antioxidant phenolic compounds within a circular and sustainable bioeconomy. Food Funct 2020; 11:4853-4877. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00937g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Agro-food industrial waste is currently being accumulated, pushing scientists to find recovery strategies to obtain bioactive compounds within a circular bioeconomy. Target phenolic compounds have shown market potential by means of optimization extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - M. Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - M. Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - P. García-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - J. Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - A. G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - C. Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - M. A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
| | - J. Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology
- University of Vigo
- E-32004 Ourense
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Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence using rongalite as coreactant and its application in detection of foodstuff adulteration. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Magrone T, Magrone M, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Recent Advances on the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Red Grape Polyphenols: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:E35. [PMID: 31906123 PMCID: PMC7022464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, special emphasis will be placed on red grape polyphenols for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, their capacity to inhibit major pathways responsible for activation of oxidative systems and expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines will be discussed. Furthermore, regulation of immune cells by polyphenols will be illustrated with special reference to the activation of T regulatory cells which support a tolerogenic pathway at intestinal level. Additionally, the effects of red grape polyphenols will be analyzed in obesity, as a low-grade systemic inflammation. Also, possible modifications of inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers and clinical course have been studied upon polyphenol administration, either in animal models or in clinical trials. Moreover, the ability of polyphenols to cross the blood-brain barrier has been exploited to investigate their neuroprotective properties. In cancer, polyphenols seem to exert several beneficial effects, even if conflicting data are reported about their influence on T regulatory cells. Finally, the effects of polyphenols have been evaluated in experimental models of allergy and autoimmune diseases. Conclusively, red grape polyphenols are endowed with a great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential but some issues, such as polyphenol bioavailability, activity of metabolites, and interaction with microbiota, deserve deeper studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.J.)
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Yousaf MN, Chaudhary FS, Hodanazari SM, Sittambalam CD. Hepatotoxicity associated with Garcinia cambogia: A case report. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:735-742. [PMID: 31772720 PMCID: PMC6856022 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i11.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal supplements (HS) for weight loss are perceived to be "safe" and "natural", as advertised in ads, however, hepatotoxicity can be associated with consumption of some HS. Use of HS may be missed, as the patient may not report these unless specifically asked about these products, since they are often not thought of as medications with potential side effects or interaction potential. CASE SUMMARY We reported a case of a 21-year-old female with morbid obesity who presented with abdominal pain for 1 wk associated with nausea, vomiting, anorexia and myalgias. She denied smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, usage of illicit drugs, hormonal contraceptives, or energy drinks. There was no significant past medical or family illnesses. Her laboratory workup revealed acute liver failure. The workup for possible etiologies of acute liver failure was unremarkable. She was using a weight loss herbal supplement "Garcinia cambogia" for 4 wks. This case demonstrates the association of acute liver failure with Garcinia cambogia. CONCLUSION Medical reconciliation of HS should be performed in patients with suspected acute liver failure and early discontinuation of HS can prevent further progression of drug induced hepatoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
| | - Fizah S Chaudhary
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Barbados, Wildey 11100, Barbados
| | | | - Charmian D Sittambalam
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
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Pitre T, Mah J, Vertes J, Rebello R, Zhu J. Drug induced hepatitis mimicking Wilson's disease secondary to the use of complex naturopathic regimens: a case report. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:199. [PMID: 31775657 PMCID: PMC6882359 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of acute liver injury and accounts for approximately 10% of all cases of acute hepatitis. Both prescription and natural health products (NHPs) have been implicated in DILI. There is a dearth of studies on NHPs induced liver injury. Case Presentation A previously healthy 37-year-old female presented with subacute hepatitis, in the context of a previous admission to a separate institution, months prior for undiagnosed acute hepatitis. Importantly, she had disclosed taking complex regiments of natural health products (NHPs) for months. Her only other medication was rivaroxaban for her homozygous Factor V Leiden deficiency. She had an extensive work up for causes of acute and unresolving hepatitis. She discontinued several but not all of her NHPs after her initial presentation for acute hepatitis at the first institution and continued taking NHPs until shortly after admission to our institution. The predominant pathological features were that of drug induced liver injury, although an abnormal amount of copper was noted in the core liver biopsies. However, Wilson’s disease was ruled out with normal serum ceruloplasmin and 24-urine copper. After 2 months of stopping all the NHPs, our patient improved significantly since discharge, although there is evidence of fibrosis on ultrasound at last available follow up. Conclusion NHPs are a well-established but poorly understood etiology of DILI. The situation is exacerbated by the unregulated and unpredictable nature of many of the potential hepatotoxic effects of these agents, especially in cases of multiple potential toxic agents. This highlights the importance of acquiring a clear history of all medications regardless of prescription status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pitre
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (Waterloo Regional Campus), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Jasmine Mah
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jaclyn Vertes
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Julie Zhu
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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van Hunsel F, van de Koppel S, Skalli S, Kuemmerle A, Teng L, Wang JB, Barnes J. Analysis of Hepatobiliary Disorder Reports Associated With the Use of Herbal Medicines in the Global Suspected ADR Database Vigibase. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1326. [PMID: 31780942 PMCID: PMC6851844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Use of herbal medicines (HMs) is widespread across the world, with many people relying on HMs for their primary healthcare or using HMs in the context of a healthy life style. HMs originate from plant material and, as such, are often seen as "natural" and believed to be (relatively) safe by patients. Hepatobiliary disorders have been associated with numerous HMs. Aim: This paper aims to analyze reporting patterns for hepatobiliary disorders associated with HMs use from reports submitted to the WHO global database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs) VigiBase. Methods: A data extraction in VigiBase, the WHO international database of ICSR reports, was performed by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre on 2019-01-16. The dataset contained all ICSRs where an HM was identified with the UMC-assigned ATC code "V90: unspecified herbal and traditional medicine" and where the HM was classified as being either the suspected drug or an interacting drug, and containing at least one adverse reaction in the MedDRA® System Organ Class (SOC) Hepatobiliary Disorders (HBD). Descriptive analyses in Excel 2013® were used to determine general characteristics of the reports in the broad data set, including total number of reports, reporting country and patient characteristics. For single suspect herbal reports, reports categorized as "serious" according to CIOMS criteria (CIOMS), 2001) were extracted. Results: In total, 2,483 reports describing with at least one ADR in the SOC HBD were extracted from VigiBase. In total, 780 (31.4%) reports concern only one suspect HM. However, for 188 reports of these reports (24.1%), the single suspect herbal preparation contains more than one herbal ingredient. The 592 reports for single suspect herbal preparations described a total of 764 ADRs in the SOC HBD. Jaundice was the most reported ADR for these reports. Conclusion: Almost 2,500 reports for HMs and with at least one ADR coded to the MedDRA® SOC HBD were retrieved from VigiBase. Of the HBD SOC HM reports, around 25% concerned a single herbal species as the suspect "drug." Substantial issues with coding of the suspect herbal drugs were found. In-depth causality assessment of the cases is needed to draw conclusions on the strength of the relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence van Hunsel
- The Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Sonja van de Koppel
- The Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Souad Skalli
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Andrea Kuemmerle
- Department of Medicine, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lida Teng
- Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jia-bo Wang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing Integrative Medical Center for Liver Diseases, Beijing 302 Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Joanne Barnes
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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