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Osei-Owusu H, Rondevaldova J, Houdkova M, Kudera T, Needham T, Mascellani A, Kokoska L. Evaluation of In Vitro Synergistic Effects of Tetracycline with Alkaloid-Related Compounds against Diarrhoeic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6038. [PMID: 38892226 PMCID: PMC11173066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea remains an important public health concern, particularly in developing countries, and has become difficult to treat because of antibacterial resistance. The development of synergistic antimicrobial agents appears to be a promising alternative treatment against diarrhoeic infections. In this study, the combined effect of tetracycline together with either nitroxoline, sanguinarine, or zinc pyrithione (representing various classes of plant-based compounds) was evaluated in vitro against selected diarrhoeic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Yersinia enterocolitica). The chequerboard method in 96-well microtiter plates was used to determine the sum of the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs). Three independent experiments were performed per combination, each in triplicate. It was observed that the combination of tetracycline with either nitroxoline, sanguinarine, or zinc pyrithione produced synergistic effects against most of the pathogenic bacteria tested, with FICI values ranging from 0.086 to 0.5. Tetracycline-nitroxoline combinations produced the greatest synergistic action against S. flexneri at a FICI value of 0.086. The combinations of the agents tested in this study can thus be used for the development of new anti-diarrhoeic medications. However, studies focusing on their in vivo anti-diarrhoeic activity and safety are required before any consideration for utilization in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayford Osei-Owusu
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.O.-O.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Johana Rondevaldova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.O.-O.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Marketa Houdkova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.O.-O.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomas Kudera
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.O.-O.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Anna Mascellani
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Suchdol, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.O.-O.); (J.R.); (M.H.); (T.K.)
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Huang LJ, Lan JX, Wang JH, Huang H, Lu K, Zhou ZN, Xin SY, Zhang ZY, Wang JY, Dai P, Chen XM, Hou W. Bioactivity and mechanism of action of sanguinarine and its derivatives in the past 10 years. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116406. [PMID: 38460366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine is a quaternary ammonium benzophenanthine alkaloid found in traditional herbs such as Chelidonium, Corydalis, Sanguinarum, and Borovula. It has been proven to possess broad-spectrum biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiosteoporosis, neuroprotective, and antipathogenic microorganism activities. In this paper, recent progress on the biological activity and mechanism of action of sanguinarine and its derivatives over the past ten years is reviewed. The results showed that the biological activities of hematarginine and its derivatives are related mainly to the JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, TGF-β, MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. The limitations of using sanguinarine in clinical application are also discussed, and the research prospects of this subject are outlined. In general, sanguinarine, a natural medicine, has many pharmacological effects, but its toxicity and safety in clinical application still need to be further studied. This review provides useful information for the development of sanguinarine-based bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Wang
- Ji'an Central People's Hospital (Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital), Ji'an, Jiangxi 343100, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Kuo Lu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450018, PR China
| | - Zhi-Nuo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Su-Ya Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Zi-Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Jing-Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Ping Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China.
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3
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Salehi S, Schallmayer E, Bandomir N, Kärcher A, Güth JF, Heitel P. Screening of Chelidonium majus isoquinoline alkaloids reveals berberine and chelidonine as selective ligands for the nuclear receptors RORβ and HNF4α, respectively. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2300756. [PMID: 38501877 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear receptors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-β (RORβ) are ligand-regulated transcription factors and potential drug targets for metabolic disorders. However, there is a lack of small molecular, selective ligands to explore the therapeutic potential in further detail. Here, we report the discovery of greater celandine (Chelidonium majus) isoquinoline alkaloids as nuclear receptor modulators: Berberine is a selective RORβ inverse agonist and modulated target genes involved in the circadian clock, photoreceptor cell development, and neuronal function. The structurally related chelidonine was identified as a ligand for the constitutively active HNF4α receptor, with nanomolar potency in a cellular reporter gene assay. In human liver cancer cells naturally expressing high levels of HNF4α, chelidonine acted as an inverse agonist and downregulated genes associated with gluconeogenesis and drug metabolism. Both berberine and chelidonine are promising tool compounds to further investigate their target nuclear receptors and for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Salehi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Espen Schallmayer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nils Bandomir
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annette Kärcher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan-Frederik Güth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Dai JS, Xu J, Shen HJ, Chen NP, Zhu BQ, Xue ZJ, Chen HH, Ding ZS, Ding R, Qian CD. The induced and intrinsic resistance of Escherichia coli to sanguinarine is mediated by AcrB efflux pump. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0323723. [PMID: 38038452 PMCID: PMC10783092 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03237-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The use of plant extracts is increasing as an alternative to synthetic compounds, especially antibiotics. However, there is no sufficient knowledge on the mechanisms and potential risks of antibiotic resistance induced by these phytochemicals. In the present study, we found that stable drug resistant mutants of E. coli emerged after repetitive exposure to sanguinarine and demonstrated that the AcrB efflux pump contributed to the emerging of induced and intrinsic resistance of E. coli to this phytochemical. Our results offered some insights into comprehending and preventing the onset of drug-resistant strains when utilizing products containing sanguinarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Jie Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni-Pi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Han Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao-Dong Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Lee Y, Cha YJ, Jeong S, Yun S, Nho Y, Kang S, Kim W, Son J, Kim J, Kyung S. A novel sophorolipids extraction method by yeast fermentation process for enhanced skin efficacy. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13518. [PMID: 38009026 PMCID: PMC10643984 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oriental herbs have been used as medicines in the folk remedy for their numerous phytochemicals and bioactivities. In this study, we have selected five Korean traditional medical herbs and applied bio conversion extraction technology, named it as Bioconversion Oji complex, to identify phytochemicals and evaluate skin related efficacies. MATERIAL AND METHODS The process of two-step bio conversion was sequentially conducted. The first step of fermentation was to produce biosurfactants using macadamia seed oil with Candida bombicola, and then five natural plants were added to carry out the main fermentation. To evaluate skin improvement efficacy of Bioconversion Oji complex, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. We studied HaCaT cells cultured to assess viability, skin anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and barrier improvement-related mRNA expression. For efficacy study, 21 participants were tested evaluating anti-inflammatory, skin moisturizing and skin barrier improving effects of Bioconversion Oji complex compared to Water extraction of Oji (placebo) for the 4 weeks test period. RESULTS The application of bioconversion technology highly increased the content of amino acids and lipids within Bioconversion Oji complex, and 23 flavonoids were also identified. Bioconversion Oji complex was found to be non-toxic and showed significant effects in all parameters tested, including anti-inflammation, skin moisture, and skin barrier in both in vitro and in clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS Bioconversion Oji complex has demonstrated skin-friendly properties with significant beneficial effects on anti-inflammatory, skin hydration and barrier function properties. This study provides evidence for the use of Bioconversion Oji complex as an active ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juhyun Son
- ZOE BIO BIO‐Material R&I CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Juyun Kim
- ZOE BIO BIO‐Material R&I CenterSeoulSouth Korea
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6
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Liang D, Liu L, Zheng Q, Zhao M, Zhang G, Tang S, Tang J, Chen N. Chelerythrine chloride inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer by targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts through intervention with WNT10B/β-catenin and TGFβ2/Smad2/3 axis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4674-4689. [PMID: 37402476 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Chelerythrine chloride (CHE) is a benzodiazepine alkaloid derived from natural herbs with significant anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the exact role and underlying mechanisms of CHE in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Therefore, this study is aimed to investigate the influence of CHE on the progression of CRC. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8), transwell, apoptosis rate, cell cycle distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and colony formation determined the anti-proliferative activity of CHE in CRC cell lines. Transcriptome sequencing and western blot were used to explore the mechanism. Finally, H&E staining, Ki67, TUNEL, and immunofluorescence were conducted to verify the anti-CRC activity and potential mechanisms of CHE in vivo. CHE had a prominent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CRC cells. CHE induces G1 and S phase arrest and induces cell apoptosis by ROS accumulation. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in CRC metastasis. Then, this study found that CHE regulates WNT10B/β-catenin and TGFβ2/Smad2/3 axis, thereby decreasing the expression of α-SMA, which is a maker of CAFs. Taken together, CHE is a candidate drug and a potent compound for metastatic CRC, which can intervene CAFs in a dual pathway to effectively inhibit the invasion and migration of cancer cells, which can provide a new choice for future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Liu H, Dong H, Guo L, Jin Y, Liu L. The Effect of Dihydromyricetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Fluconazole in Sprague-Dawley Rat Plasma, Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2657-2667. [PMID: 37670905 PMCID: PMC10476617 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s415813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The synergistic effect of dihydromyricetin (DHM) and fluconazole (FLC) can improve the killing effect of FLC-resistant Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. However, it is not clear whether DHM affects the pharmacokinetic characteristics of FLC. Methods In this study, 12 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups as follows: (1) an FLC group in which rats were administered FLC only (42 mg/kg orally); (2) an FLC with the combined administration of DHM group, in which rats received an equivalent FLC dose immediately following the administration of DHM (100 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from the ocular choroid vein of rats and converted into plasma. The concentrations of FLC in the rat plasma were then determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and the related pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed. The initial mobile phase included 0.1% acetonitrile and water with gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring modes of m/z 307.2→220.1 for FLC, and m/z 237.1→194.2 for carbamazepine, were utilised to conduct quantitative analysis. Results The calibration curve of FLC in rat plasma demonstrated good linearity in the range of 0.1-30 μg/mL (r > 0.99), and the lower limit of quantification was 0.1 μg/mL. Moreover, the intra- and inter-day precision relative standard deviation of FLC was less than 9.09% and 6.51%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups. Conclusion The results showed that DHM administration did not significantly alter FLC pharmacokinetics in SD rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaihuai Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Guo
- Department of Drug and Equipment, The 72st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Borkens Y. Black Salve (or escharotics). A picture about an unorthodox medical preparation in oncology. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023; 3:e241. [PMID: 37275421 PMCID: PMC10233163 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative medicine methods and treatments enjoy great popularity. However, many users fail to recognise the dangers associated with these methods. One of these is called Black Ointment or Black Salve. Oncologists and attending physicians should be aware of alternative medical methods such as these and be in a position to provide appropriate advice, intervention, if necessary, at any time when counselling patients in difficult situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Borkens
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
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9
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Rao Malla R, Bhamidipati P, Adem M. Insights into the potential of Sanguinarine as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115565. [PMID: 37086811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of BC. A significant proportion of BC is characterized by a hypoxic TME, which contributes to the development of drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Sanguinarine (SAN), an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Papaver plants, has shown promise as an anticancer agent. The present review focuses on exploring the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic TME in BC and the potential of SAN as a therapeutic option. The review presents the current understanding of the hypoxic TME, its signaling pathways, and its impact on the progression of BC. Additionally, the review elaborates on the mechanisms of action of SAN in BC, including its effects on vital cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, drug resistance, and tumor-induced immune suppression. The review highlights the importance of addressing hypoxic TME in treating BC and the potential of SAN as a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Priyamvada Bhamidipati
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meghapriya Adem
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visva vidhyalayam, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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10
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Wang X, Burdzhiev NT, Hu H, Li Y, Li J, Lozanova VV, Kandinska MI, Wang M. Novel Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Based Heterocyclic Compounds Efficiently Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020502. [PMID: 36851716 PMCID: PMC9965753 DOI: 10.3390/v15020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused over six million deaths and huge economic burdens worldwide. Antivirals against its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, are in urgent demand. Previously, we reported that heterocylic compounds, i.e., chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are potent in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. In this study, we discussed the syntheses of two novel heterocylic compounds: tert-butyl rel-4-(((3R,4S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxo-2-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-yl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (trans-1) and rel-(3R,4S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-2-propyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (trans-2), which effectively suppressed authentic SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells. Compound trans-1 showed higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity than trans-2, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 3.15 μM and a selective index (SI) exceeding 63.49, which demonstrated comparable potency to CQ or HCQ. Additional anti-SARS-CoV-2 tests on Calu-3 human lung cells showed that trans-1 efficiently inhibited viral replication (EC50 = 2.78 μM; SI: > 71.94) and performed better than CQ (EC50 = 44.90 μM; SI = 2.94). The time of an addition assay showed that the action mechanism of trans-1 differed from that of CQ, as it mainly inhibited the post-entry viral replication in both Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells. In addition, the differences between the antiviral mechanisms of these novel compounds and CQ were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Nikola T. Burdzhiev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1, James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hengrui Hu
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Vesela V. Lozanova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Meglena I. Kandinska
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1, James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Manli Wang
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (M.W.)
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11
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Long Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Targets for Phytochemicals to Cease Cancer Metastasis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030987. [PMID: 36770654 PMCID: PMC9921150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a multi-step phenomenon during cancer development leading to the propagation of cancer cells to distant organ(s). According to estimations, metastasis results in over 90% of cancer-associated death around the globe. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a group of regulatory RNA molecules more than 200 base pairs in length. The main regulatory activity of these molecules is the modulation of gene expression. They have been reported to affect different stages of cancer development including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and metastasis. An increasing number of medical data reports indicate the probable function of LncRNAs in the metastatic spread of different cancers. Phytochemical compounds, as the bioactive agents of plants, show several health benefits with a variety of biological activities. Several phytochemicals have been demonstrated to target LncRNAs to defeat cancer. This review article briefly describes the metastasis steps, summarizes data on some well-established LncRNAs with a role in metastasis, and identifies the phytochemicals with an ability to suppress cancer metastasis by targeting LncRNAs.
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12
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Correa-Barbosa J, Sodré DF, Nascimento PHC, Dolabela MF. Activity of the genus Zanthoxylum against diseases caused by protozoa: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:873208. [PMID: 36699053 PMCID: PMC9868958 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected diseases (NDs) are treated with a less varied range of drugs, with high cost and toxicity, which makes the search for therapeutic alternatives important. In this context, plants, such as those from the genus Zanthoxylum, can be promising due to active substances in their composition. This study evaluates the potential of species from this genus to treat NDs. Initially, a protocol was developed to carry out a systematic review approved by Prospero (CRD42020200438). The databases PubMed, BVS, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science were used with the following keywords: "zanthoxylum," "xanthoxylums," "fagaras," "leishmaniasis," "chagas disease," "malaria," and "African trypanosomiasis." Two independent evaluators analyzed the title and abstract of 166 articles, and 122 were excluded due to duplicity or for not meeting the inclusion criteria. From the 44 selected articles, results of in vitro/in vivo tests were extracted. In vitro studies showed that Z. rhoifolium, through the alkaloid nitidine, was active against Plasmodium (IC50 <1 μg/ml) and Leishmania (IC50 <8 μg/ml), and selective for both (>10 and >30, respectively). For Chagas disease, the promising species (IC50 <2 μg/ml) were Z. naranjillo and Z. minutiflorum, and for sleeping sickness, the species Z. zanthoxyloides (IC50 <4 μg/ml) stood out. In the in vivo analysis, the most promising species were Z. rhoifolium and Z. chiloperone. In summary, the species Z. rhoifolium, Z. naranjillo, Z. minutiflorum, Z. zanthoxyloides, and Z. chiloperone are promising sources of active molecules for the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Correa-Barbosa
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Programx, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Fâni Dolabela
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-graduation Programx, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil,Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil,*Correspondence: Maria Fâni Dolabela,
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In Vitro Selective Combinatory Effect of Ciprofloxacin with Nitroxoline, Sanguinarine, and Zinc Pyrithione against Diarrhea-Causing and Gut Beneficial Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0106322. [PMID: 35972279 PMCID: PMC9603368 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01063-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in diarrhea-causing bacteria and its disruption of gut microbiota composition are health problems worldwide. The development of combinatory agents that increase the selective inhibitory effect (synergism) against diarrheagenic pathogens and, simultaneously, have a lowered impact (antagonism) or no negative action on the gut microbiota is therefore proposed as a new strategy efficient for chemotherapy against diarrheal conditions. In this study, the in vitro selective combinatory effect of ciprofloxacin with nitroxoline, sanguinarine, and zinc pyrithione, representing various classes of alkaloid-related compounds (nitroquinolines, benzylisoquinolines and metal-pyridine derivative complexes) against selected standard diarrhea-causing (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and gut-beneficial (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) bacteria, was evaluated according to the sum of fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) obtained by the checkerboard method. The results showed that the individual combination of ciprofloxacin with nitroxoline, sanguinarine, and zinc pyrithione produced a synergistic effect against the pathogenic bacteria, with FICI values ranging from 0.071 to 0.5, whereas their antagonistic interaction toward the Bifidobacterium strains (with FICI values ranging from 4.012 to 8.023) was observed. Ciprofloxacin-zinc pyrithione produced significant synergistic action against S. flexneri, whereas a strong antagonistic interaction was observed toward B. breve for the ciprofloxacin-nitroxoline combination. These findings suggest that certain combinations of agents tested in this study can be used for the development of antidiarrheal therapeutic agents with reduced harmful action on the gastrointestinal microbiome. However, further studies focused on their pharmacological efficacy and safety are needed before they are considered for clinical trials. IMPORTANCE Diarrheal infections, which are commonly treated by antibiotics, are still responsible for over 4 to 5 million cases of human deaths annually. Moreover, the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance and its negative effect on beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacteria) of the gut microbial community are another problem. Thus, the development of selective agents able to inhibit diarrheal bacteria and, simultaneously, that have no negative impact on the gut microbiota, is important. Our results showed that individual combinations of ciprofloxacin with nitroxoline, sanguinarine, and zinc pyrithione produced synergism against the pathogenic bacteria, whereas their antagonistic interaction toward the beneficial strains was observed. The antagonism can be considered a positive effect contributing to the safety of the therapeutic agents, whereas their synergism against diarrheal bacteria significantly potentiates total antimicrobial efficacy. The certain combinations tested in this study can be used for the development of antidiarrheal agents with reduced harmful action on the gastrointestinal microbiome.
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Croaker A, Davis A, Carroll A, Liu L, Myers SP. Understanding of black salve toxicity by multi-compound cytotoxicity assays. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 36127674 PMCID: PMC9487053 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Black salve is a controversial complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) associated with skin toxicity and skin cancer treatment failures. Black salve formulations vary between manufacturers and contain a number of botanical and synthetic constituents. The skin cancer cytotoxicity of a number of these constituents has not been assessed to date. The alkaloids from the rhizomes of Sanguinaria canadensis, a key black salve ingredient, have had their single compound cytotoxicity assessed; however, whether they possess synergistic cytotoxicity with other compounds has not been studied and is of direct clinical relevance. This research aimed to improve our understanding of the skin cancer cytotoxicity of black salve constituents.
Methods
The cytotoxicity of individual and combination black salve constituents were assessed against the A375 melanoma and A431 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Cytotoxicity was determined using the Resazurin assay with fluorescence measured using a Tecan Infinite 200 Pro Microplate reader, compound cytotoxicity being compared to that of the topical cancer therapeutic agent, 5- fluouracil. Docetaxal was used as a positive control. Dunnetts p value was used to determine whether significant synergistic cytotoxicity was present.
Results
Sanguinarine was the most cytotoxic compound tested with a 24-hour IC50 of 2.1 μM against the A375 Melanoma cell line and 3.14 μM against the A431 SCC cell line. All black salve constituents showed greater cytotoxicity against the two skin cancer cell lines tested than the skin cancer therapeutic 5-Fluouracil with 24 hours of compound exposure. Chelerythrine and minor Quaternary Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids (QBAs) present in black salve, at concentrations not having a cytotoxic effect by themselves, boosted the cytotoxic effects of sanguinarine. This could be a synergistic rather than additive cytotoxic effect although the synergistic effect was cell line and concentration dependent.
Conclusions
Black salve contains several cytotoxic compounds, a number of which have been found to possess synergistic cytotoxicity for the first time against skin cancer cell lines. In addition, these compounds together increase the overall cytotoxic effect. Assessing multi-compound cytotoxicity in herbal medicine can provide additional information about both their therapeutic and toxicity potential. As black salve is currently being used by patients, further cytotoxicity work should be undertaken to assess whether synergistic cytotoxicity exists when tested in normal skin cells.
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How Should the Worldwide Knowledge of Traditional Cancer Healing Be Integrated with Herbs and Mushrooms into Modern Molecular Pharmacology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070868. [PMID: 35890166 PMCID: PMC9320176 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is a “core” from which modern medicine has evolved over time. Besides this, one third of people worldwide have no access to modern medicine and rely only on traditional medicine. To date, drugs of plant origin, or their derivates (paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, etoposide, camptothecin, topotecan, irinotecan, and omacetaxine), are very important in the therapy of malignancies and they are included in most chemotherapeutic regimes. To date, 391,000 plant and 14,000 mushroom species exist. Their medical and biochemical capabilities have not been studied in detail. In this review, we systematized the information about plants and mushrooms, as well as their active compounds with antitumor properties. Plants and mushrooms are divided based on the regions where they are used in ethnomedicine to treat malignancies. The majority of their active compounds with antineoplastic properties and mechanisms of action are described. Furthermore, on the basis of the available information, we divided them into two priority groups for research and for their potential of use in antitumor therapy. As there are many prerequisites and some examples how THM helps and strengthens modern medicine, finally, we discuss the positive points of THM and the management required to transform and integrate THM into the modern medicine practice.
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Mining Therapeutic Efficacy from Treasure Chest of Biodiversity and Chemodiversity: Pharmacophylogeny of Ranunculales Medicinal Plants. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:1111-1126. [PMID: 35809180 PMCID: PMC9282152 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ranunculales, comprising of 7 families that are rich in medicinal species frequently utilized by traditional medicine and ethnomedicine, represents a treasure chest of biodiversity and chemodiversity. The phylogenetically related species often have similar chemical profile, which makes them often possess similar therapeutic spectrum. This has been validated by both ethnomedicinal experiences and pharmacological investigations. This paper summarizes molecular phylogeny, chemical constituents, and therapeutic applications of Ranunculales, i.e., a pharmacophylogeny study of this representative medicinal order. The phytochemistry/metabolome, ethnomedicine and bioactivity/pharmacology data are incorporated within the phylogenetic framework of Ranunculales. The most studied compounds of this order include benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin and lignan, etc. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids are especially abundant in Berberidaceae and Menispermaceae. The most frequent ethnomedicinal uses are arthritis, heat-clearing and detoxification, carbuncle-abscess and sore-toxin. The most studied bioactivities are anticancer/cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, etc. The pharmacophylogeny analysis, integrated with both traditional and modern medicinal uses, agrees with the molecular phylogeny based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences, in which Ranunculales is divided into Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Menispermaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Circaeasteraceae, Papaveraceae, and Eupteleaceae families. Chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of each taxonomic group are reviewed and the underlying connection between phylogeny, chemodiversity and clinical uses is revealed, which facilitate the conservation and sustainable utilization of Ranunculales pharmaceutical resources, as well as developing novel plant-based pharmacotherapy.
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Chen N, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiao X, Liu Q, Xia T, Xiang J, Zeng J, Tang J. Rediscovery of Traditional Plant Medicine: An Underestimated Anticancer Drug of Chelerythrine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906301. [PMID: 35721116 PMCID: PMC9198297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many studies, the extensive and significant anticancer activity of chelerythrine (CHE) was identified, which is the primary natural active compound in four traditional botanical drugs and can be applied as a promising treatment in various solid tumors. So this review aimed to summarize the anticancer capacities and the antitumor mechanism of CHE. The literature searches revolving around CHE have been carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases. Increasing evidence indicates that CHE, as a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits its excellent anticancer activity as CHE can intervene in tumor progression and inhibit tumor growth in multiple ways, such as induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis, autophagy-mediated cell death, bind selectively to telomeric G-quadruplex and strongly inhibit the telomerase activity through G-quadruplex stabilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PKC. The role of CHE against diverse types of cancers has been investigated in many studies and has been identified as the main antitumor drug candidate in drug discovery programs. The current complex data suggest the potential value in clinical application and the future direction of CHE as a therapeutic drug in cancer. Furthermore, the limitations and the present problems are also highlighted in this review. Despite the unclearly delineated molecular targets of CHE, extensive research in this area provided continuously fresh data exploitable in the clinic while addressing the present requirement for further studies such as toxicological studies, combination medication, and the development of novel chemical methods or biomaterials to extend the effects of CHE or the development of its derivatives and analogs, contributing to the effective transformation of this underestimated anticancer drug into clinical practice. We believe that this review can provide support for the clinical application of a new anticancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Descalzo-Casado E, Sierra-Santos L. Quemadura química por Sanguinaria canadensis. REVISTA CLÍNICA DE MEDICINA DE FAMILIA 2022. [DOI: 10.55783/rcmf.150209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
La Sanguinaria canadensis, o Bloodroot, es una planta originaria de Norteamérica que contiene sustancias alcaloides y es ampliamente empleada en el tratamiento de lesiones y tumores de la piel en animales. Sin embargo, en los últimos años ha aumentado su uso en humanos como terapia alternativa en el tratamiento de lesiones precancerosas y cáncer de piel. Su uso inadecuado en humanos puede causar lesiones graves y profundas en la piel.
Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven que por voluntad propia se aplicó un preparado de Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot paste) para eliminar dos nevus cutáneos, produciéndole lesiones extensas que requirieron tratamiento y curas hasta su cierre por segunda intención, dejando cicatrices hipertróficas como secuela.
Palabras clave: Sanguinaria, úlcera cutánea, heridas penetrantes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Descalzo-Casado
- Médica Interna Residente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Unidad Docente Multidisciplinar de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria Zona Centro. Madrid (España)
| | - Lucía Sierra-Santos
- Especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Consultorio Local de El Boalo. Manzanares el Real. Madrid (España)
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19
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Descalzo Casado E, Sierra Santos L. Quemadura química por Sanguinaria canadensis. REVISTA CLÍNICA DE MEDICINA DE FAMILIA 2022. [DOI: 10.55783/150209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
La Sanguinaria canadensis, o Bloodroot, es una planta originaria de Norteamérica que contiene sustancias alcaloides y es ampliamente empleada en el tratamiento de lesiones y tumores de la piel en animales. Sin embargo, en los últimos años ha aumentado su uso en humanos como terapia alternativa en el tratamiento de lesiones precancerosas y cáncer de piel. Su uso inadecuado en humanos puede causar lesiones graves y profundas en la piel.
Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven que por voluntad propia se aplicó un preparado de Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot paste) para eliminar dos nevus cutáneos, produciéndole lesiones extensas que requirieron tratamiento y curas hasta su cierre por segunda intención, dejando cicatrices hipertróficas como secuela.
Palabras clave: Sanguinaria, úlcera cutánea, heridas penetrantes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Descalzo Casado
- Médica Interna Residente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Unidad Docente Multidisciplinar de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria Zona Centro. Madrid (España)
| | - Lucía Sierra Santos
- Especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Consultorio Local de El Boalo. Manzanares el Real. Madrid (España)
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20
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Periferakis A, Caruntu A, Periferakis AT, Scheau AE, Badarau IA, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084669. [PMID: 35457536 PMCID: PMC9030621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimony has been known and used since ancient times, but its applications have increased significantly during the last two centuries. Aside from its few medical applications, it also has industrial applications, acting as a flame retardant and a catalyst. Geologically, native antimony is rare, and it is mostly found in sulfide ores. The main ore minerals of antimony are antimonite and jamesonite. The extensive mining and use of antimony have led to its introduction into the biosphere, where it can be hazardous, depending on its bioavailability and absorption. Detailed studies exist both from active and abandoned mining sites, and from urban settings, which document the environmental impact of antimony pollution and its impact on human physiology. Despite its evident and pronounced toxicity, it has also been used in some drugs, initially tartar emetics and subsequently antimonials. The latter are used to treat tropical diseases and their therapeutic potential for leishmaniasis means that they will not be soon phased out, despite the fact the antimonial resistance is beginning to be documented. The mechanisms by which antimony is introduced into human cells and subsequently excreted are still the subject of research; their elucidation will enable us to better understand antimony toxicity and, hopefully, to improve the nature and delivery method of antimonial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.S.)
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Lu C, Zhang N, Kou S, Gao L, Peng B, Dai Y, Zheng J. Sanguinarine synergistically potentiates aminoglycoside-mediated bacterial killing. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2055-2070. [PMID: 35318794 PMCID: PMC9249330 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are one of the oldest classes of antimicrobials that are being used in current clinical practice, especially on multi‐drug resistant Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria. However, the serious side effects at high dosage such as ototoxicity, neuropathy and nephrotoxicity limit their applications in clinical practice. Approaches that potentiate aminoglycoside killing could lower down their effective concentrations to a non‐toxic dosage for clinical treatment. In this research, we screened a compound library and identified sanguinarine that acts synergistically with various aminoglycosides. By checkerboard and dynamical killing assay, we found that sanguinarine effectively potentiated aminoglycoside killing on diverse bacterial pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanistic studies showed an elevated intracellular ROS and DNA oxidative level in the bacterial cells treated by a combination of sanguinarine with aminoglycosides. Furthermore, an enhanced level of sanguinarine was observed in bacteria in the presence of aminoglycosides, suggesting that aminoglycosides promote the uptake of sanguinarine. Importantly, sanguinarine was shown to promote the elimination of persister cells and established biofilm cells both in vivo and in vitro. Our study provides a novel insight for approaches to lower down the clinical dosages of aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Nian Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Sihoi Kou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Liangliang Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bo Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Sanguinarine-Chelerythrine Fraction of Coptis chinensis Exerts Anti-inflammatory Activity in Carrageenan Paw Oedema Test in Rats and Reveals Reduced Gastrotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1504929. [PMID: 35340213 PMCID: PMC8942652 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1504929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are a common therapeutic problem and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not deprived of side effects, of which ulcerogenic activity is one of the most frequent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the sanguinarine-chelerythrine (SC) fraction of Coptis chinensis and its influence on the integrity of gastric mucosa. The study was conducted on sixty male rats randomly divided into six experimental groups: two control groups (a negative control group CON and a positive control group CAR); three groups receiving an investigational fraction of C. chinensis (1, 5, 10 mg/kg i.g.) named SC1, SC5, and SC10, respectively; and a group receiving indomethacin (IND) (10 mg/kg i.g.) as a reference drug. In all animals, the carrageenan-induced paw oedema was measured; PGE2 release, TNFα production, and MMP-9 concentration in inflamed tissue were determined. Additionally, the macroscopic and microscopic damage of gastric mucosa was evaluated. Administration of SC dose-dependently inhibited the second phase of carrageenan rat paw oedema and PGE2 release, decreased the production of TNFα, and reduced the concentration of MMP-9, and the efficacy of the highest dose was comparable to the effect of IND. Contrary to IND, no gastrotoxic activity of SC was detected. The investigated sanguinarine-chelerythrine fraction of C. chinensis seems to be a promising candidate for further research on new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs characterized with a safer gastric profile compared to existing NSAIDs.
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An Update of the Sanguinarine and Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids’ Biosynthesis and Their Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041378. [PMID: 35209167 PMCID: PMC8876366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzophenanthridines belong to the benzylisoquinolic alkaloids, representing one of the main groups of this class. These alkaloids include over 120 different compounds, mostly in plants from the Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, and Rutaceae families, which confer chemical protection against pathogens and herbivores. Industrial uses of BZD include the production of environmentally friendly agrochemicals and livestock food supplements. However, although mainly considered toxic compounds, plants bearing them have been used in traditional medicine and their medical applications as antimicrobials, antiprotozoals, and cytotoxic agents have been envisioned. The biosynthetic pathways for some BZD have been established in different species, allowing for the isolation of the genes and enzymes involved. This knowledge has resulted in a better understanding of the process controlling their synthesis and an opening of the gates towards their exploitation by applying modern biotechnological approaches, such as synthetic biology. This review presents the new advances on BDZ biosynthesis and physiological roles. Industrial applications, mainly with pharmacological approaches, are also revised.
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24
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Doyle C, D'Arcy C, Ryan A. Escharotic agents: a Victorian remedy in the 21st century. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:1006-1009. [PMID: 35078263 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman had a warty growth 'burnt off' with a herbal remedy by a local farmer in rural Ireland. We saw the patient a number of years later in clinic and she brought the specimen with her, which was processed by the pathology department. We report her case and some interesting background information regarding escharotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Doyle
- Departments of, Dermatology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare D'Arcy
- Histopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Ryan
- Departments of, Dermatology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
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Computational Studies of the Photogeneration from Dihydrosanguinarine and the Probable Cytotoxicity Mechanism of Sanguinarine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A computational investigation of the mechanism of dihydrosanguinarine (DHSAN) photoactivation and its conversion into the active drug sanguinarine (SAN) is here reported. The reaction mechanism of DHSAN photoconversion was fully explored by considering its excitation first, essential for generating one of the reactants, the 1O2, and then locating all the minima and transition states involved in the formation of SAN. Both forms of the drug present at physiological pH, namely, iminium cation and alkanolamine, were considered as products of such reaction. The ability of the generated drug SAN to induce cell apoptosis was then explored, taking into consideration two anticancer activities: the induction of DNA conformational and functional changes by intercalation and the absorption of light with proper wavelength to trigger type II photochemical reactions leading to 1O2 sensitization for photodynamic therapy application. Concerning the ability to work as photosensitizers, the outcomes of our calculations prove that DHSAN can easily be converted into the active SAN under visible and NIR irradiation through the application of two-photon excitation, and that the maximum absorption of SAN, once intercalated into DNA, shifts to the near region of the therapeutic window.
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Rosario N, Castro JF. Black salve: risky escharotic. Scars Burn Heal 2022; 8:20595131221122376. [PMID: 36157312 PMCID: PMC9500246 DOI: 10.1177/20595131221122376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Black salve ointments are variable in their composition with no standard formula. Patient's may turn to unregulated products to self-treat their conditions. Products that are accessible without a prescription are not necessarily safe and may pose risk to those who use them, as in this case with the use of black salve ointment. Methods This case report discusses the use of black salve ointment on a nodular neck cyst in a 55-year-old Hispanic male patient. The patient applied the black salve ointment (Two Feathers Healing Ointment®) to the cyst, where the ointment remained in contact with his skin for seven days. He required oral antibiotics and was referred to wound care for follow up. Discussion After close follow up and treatment with antibiotics, the eschar healed and left a concave scar on his neck with no other observed complications. Conclusion Healthcare providers are encouraged to discuss complementary and alternative medicine options with patients as some may lead to dangerous effects. Lay Summary This is a case report about a 55 year old male patient who used an over the counter product called Black Salve to treat a cyst on his neck. He came to his primary care doctor's office for a usual checkup. Just before leaving his appointment, he mentioned a dark discolored area on his neck appeared after applying the black salve ointment. The black salve caused his skin to break down, get infected, and turn black. He was treated with antibiotics and close follow up care. After the wound healed, he was left with a scar on his neck from where the ointment broke down the skin. Since this product is available without a prescription, it is important that consumers know that it is not safe for use and may cause complications. If in doubt, ask a healthcare provider about a products risks before use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Rosario
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Kingsville, USA
| | - Juan F Castro
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas A&M Rangel College of Pharmacy, USA
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Huang W, Kong L, Cao Y, Yan L. Identification and Quantification, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological Activities, and Botanical Preparations of Protopine: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010215. [PMID: 35011447 PMCID: PMC8746401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through pharmacological activity research, an increasing number of natural products and their derivatives are being recognized for their therapeutic value. In recent years, studies have been conducted on Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, a valuable medicinal herb listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Protopine, one of its components, has also become a research hotspot. To illustrate the identification, metabolism, and broad pharmacological activity of protopine and the botanical preparations containing it for further scientific studies and clinical applications, an in-depth and detailed review of protopine is required. We collected data on the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine from 1986 to 2021 from the PubMed database using “protopine” as a keyword. It has been shown that protopine as an active ingredient of many botanical preparations can be rapidly screened and quantified by a large number of methods (such as the LC-ESI-MS/MS and the TLC/GC-MS), and the possible metabolic pathways of protopine in vivo have been proposed. In addition, protopine possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, analgesic, vasodilatory, anticholinesterase, anti-addictive, anticonvulsant, antipathogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. In this paper, the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine are reviewed in detail to lay a foundation for further scientific research and clinical applications of protopine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangli Huang
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Mendonça FLM, Carvalho JG, Silva RJ, Ferreira LCA, Cerqueira DM, Rogge HI, Andrade JP, Ferreira LD, Araújo MVV, Moreira TF, Carvalho AU, Facury-Filho EJ. Use of a natural herbal-based feed additive containing isoquinoline alkaloids in newborn calves with cryptosporidiosis. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109615. [PMID: 34808590 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium infections are one of the most prevalent causes of diarrhea in calves and considered to be one of the major sources of economic loss in livestock production. A global trend is currently underway, in identifying natural and sustainable alternatives to support animal husbandry and production. Isoquinoline alkaloids are known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties in the promotion of gut health. Thus, an experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of natural, herbal-based feed isoquinoline alkaloids to support calves experimentally inoculated with Cryptosporidium parvum. Twenty-six calves were randomly divided into control (CN) (n = 13) and treatment (SG) (n = 13) groups. The SG group received 5 g of feed additive in every milk feeding from 1 to 21 days of age. The CN group received milk without any additives. All calves were orally inoculated on the third day of life with 1 × 106Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The animals were evaluated daily, from 3 to 30 days of age, for the occurrence, duration, and intensity of diarrhea. Calves with a base deficit of ≥ 9 mEq/L were hydrated to aid recovery. The SG calves showed a higher average weight gain between 14 and 21 days of age, without mortality and with reduced intensity and duration of diarrhea. In contrast, calves in the CN group showed more serious acid-base disorders, required more hydration support, and had a mortality rate of 15.4 %. These results showed that calves supplemented with isoquinoline alkaloids had decreased intensity and duration of symptoms, reduced requirement for supportive therapy, and prevented mortality among animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe L M Mendonça
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Júlia G Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael J Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana C A Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daiane M Cerqueira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Horst I Rogge
- Department Product Management, Phytobiotics, Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Eltville, Germany
| | - João P Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Layanne D Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Markus V V Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Moreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio U Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elias J Facury-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Macías-Cortés E. Menopause is more than Hot Flashes: What is Missing in Homeopathic Research? A Narrative Review. HOMEOPATHY 2021; 111:79-96. [PMID: 34634835 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopausal complaints are frequently treated with homeopathy in daily practice worldwide. Recently, vasomotor symptoms have been understood to have implications as predictors of other important and long-term outcomes, causing increased risk of mortality and/or disability. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted to investigate whether homeopathic treatments for menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms have a positive effect on other important health outcomes associated with menopause, such as cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive impairment, metabolic and mood disorders, or osteoporosis. RESULTS Though observational studies have shown encouraging results in reducing the severity and frequency of hot flashes in women treated with homeopathy, few randomized controlled trials have shown positive results. In most of the studies using homeopathy, the primary outcome is reduction in the frequency and severity of hot flashes, and other menopausal complaints are assessed secondarily as a part of the symptoms evaluated in the menopausal scales. Quality of life improves with homeopathic treatments for hot flashes, but there is scarce evidence of the effect of homeopathy on other health outcomes associated with menopause. Limited evidence exists in the case of menopausal women treated with individualized homeopathy for depression and metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION A more comprehensive approach for treating menopause in routine homeopathic practice constitutes a valuable opportunity to increase knowledge and high-quality research in this field. Future homeopathic research for menopause should be focused on well-designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials as well as on pragmatic trials to show whether homeopathic treatments for vasomotor symptoms can also improve outcomes that are well-known to increase the risk of mortality and/or disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Macías-Cortés
- Homeopathy Outpatient Service, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Falchi FA, Borlotti G, Ferretti F, Pellegrino G, Raneri M, Schiavoni M, Caselli A, Briani F. Sanguinarine Inhibits the 2-Ketogluconate Pathway of Glucose Utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744458. [PMID: 34566945 PMCID: PMC8461315 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfering with the ability of pathogenic bacteria to import glucose may represent a new promising antibacterial strategy, especially for the treatment of infections occurring in diabetic and other hyperglycemic patients. Such patients are particularly susceptible to infections caused by a variety of bacteria, among which opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In P. aeruginosa, glucose can be directly imported into the cytoplasm or after its periplasmic oxidation into gluconate and 2-ketogluconate (2-KG). We recently demonstrated that a P. aeruginosa mutant lacking the 2-KG transporter KguT is less virulent than its kguT+ parental strain in an insect infection model, pointing to 2-KG branch of glucose utilization as a possible target for anti-Pseudomonas drugs. In this work, we devised an experimental protocol to find specific inhibitors of the 2-KG pathway of P. aeruginosa glucose utilization and applied it to the screening of the Prestwick Chemical Library. By exploiting mutants lacking genes involved in the transport of glucose derivatives in the primary screening and in the secondary assays, we could identify sanguinarine as an inhibitor of 2-KG utilization. We also demonstrated that sanguinarine does not prevent 2-KG formation by gluconate oxidation or its transport, suggesting that either KguD or KguK is the target of sanguinarine in P. Aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica A Falchi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Borlotti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Raneri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Briani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Raihan T, Rabbee MF, Roy P, Choudhury S, Baek KH, Azad AK. Microbial Metabolites: The Emerging Hotspot of Antiviral Compounds as Potential Candidates to Avert Viral Pandemic Alike COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:732256. [PMID: 34557521 PMCID: PMC8452873 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.732256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the noble pleomorphic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a vulnerable situation in the global healthcare and economy. In this pandemic situation, researchers all around the world are trying their level best to find suitable therapeutics from various sources to combat against the SARS-CoV-2. To date, numerous bioactive compounds from different sources have been tested to control many viral diseases. However, microbial metabolites are advantageous for drug development over metabolites from other sources. We herein retrieved and reviewed literatures from PubMed, Scopus and Google relevant to antiviral microbial metabolites by searching with the keywords "antiviral microbial metabolites," "microbial metabolite against virus," "microorganism with antiviral activity," "antiviral medicine from microbial metabolite," "antiviral bacterial metabolites," "antiviral fungal metabolites," "antiviral metabolites from microscopic algae' and so on. For the same purpose, the keywords "microbial metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2" and "plant metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2" were used. Only the full text literatures available in English and pertinent to the topic have been included and those which are not available as full text in English and pertinent to antiviral or anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity were excluded. In this review, we have accumulated microbial metabolites that can be used as antiviral agents against a broad range of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on this concept, we have included 330 antiviral microbial metabolites so far available to date in the data bases and were previously isolated from fungi, bacteria and microalgae. The microbial source, chemical nature, targeted viruses, mechanism of actions and IC50/EC50 values of these metabolites are discussed although mechanisms of actions of many of them are not yet elucidated. Among these antiviral microbial metabolites, some compounds might be very potential against many other viruses including coronaviruses. However, these potential microbial metabolites need further research to be developed as effective antiviral drugs. This paper may provide the scientific community with the possible secret of microbial metabolites that could be an effective source of novel antiviral drugs to fight against many viruses including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the future viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Puja Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Swapnila Choudhury
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Bozung AK, Ko AC, Gallo RA, Rong AJ. Persistent Basal Cell Carcinoma Following Self-Treatment With a "Natural Cure," Sanguinaria canadensis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:e71-e73. [PMID: 32732547 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A 65-year-old woman presented with a 6-week history of redness, eyelid swelling, and discharge in the right eye. Slit lamp examination revealed right medial canthal erythema with cicatricial lower lid ectropion, retraction, and inferior punctal obliteration. The patient was previously diagnosed with a medial canthal basal cell carcinoma 1.5 years ago, but opted for self-treatment with black salve, a commonly used naturopathic "cure" for skin cancer. Each application resulted in increasingly severe periorbital inflammation with eventual eschar formation. Over time, this led to cicatricial band formation over the medial canthus. After biopsy confirmation of residual basal cell carcinoma within the cicatricial tissues, the patient underwent Mohs surgery followed by multistaged reconstruction. Herein, we report a case of patient whose use of an unproven naturopathic "cure" led to persistent periorbital inflammation, persistence of malignancy, and significant tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Bozung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Audrey C Ko
- Wolfe Eye Clinic, Des Moines
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College Of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A
| | - Ryan A Gallo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Andrew J Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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de Oliveira CA, Mansano VDF, Teixeira SP, Brandes AFDN, Baratto LC, Leitão SG, Santana MN, Rodrigues IA, Paulino JV. Bloodwood: the composition and secreting-site of the characteristic red exudate that gives the name to the Swartzia species (Fabaceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:127-139. [PMID: 33403567 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Swartzia species are commonly known as bloodwood due to the red exudate released from the stem after injury. This exudate has aroused great interest, and an integrative study is essential to describe it in detail. Thus, this work aimed to identify the red exudate's secreting-site in S. flaemingii and S. langsdorffii, and determine if it is a latex or a resin. Samples of the stem bark and the secondary xylem were prepared for histological analysis. Fresh exudates were dissolved in deuterated methanol and analyzed by 1H-NMR; other samples were resuspended in MeOH:H2O (9:1), partitioned with organic solvents and analyzed by direct infusion mass spectrometry. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically, and antioxidant capacity was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The results showed that the exudate is a red latex produced by articulated laticifers located among the phloem cells. The latex is composed of sucrose, catechin glucosides, chlorophyll derivatives, and hederagenin-type saponins. Both samples of S. flaemingii and S. langsdorffii presented high amounts of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as a strong antioxidant capacity. The anatomical study showed that the secreting-site of the Swartzia red exudates were laticifers. This finding allows us to exclude other substances such as resin or oleoresin, generally produced by secretory cavities or ducts. Furthermore, since laticifers are rare in Fabaceae, this finding is significant, and represents an essential taxonomic feature. The showy red color is due to the large amounts of flavonoids. This latex probably has a protective role against microorganisms and photodamage. The bioactive potential of this exudate inspires further studies, which may boost the economic importance of Swartzia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alcantara de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio De Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vidal de Freitas Mansano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Simone Pádua Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Arno Fritz das Neves Brandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeriro São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Clemente Baratto
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio De Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Suzana Guimarães Leitão
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio De Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Michele Nunes Santana
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio De Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Igor Almeida Rodrigues
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio De Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Juliana Villela Paulino
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio De Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Fravor L, Khachemoune A. Dermatologic uses of bloodroot: a review and reappraisal. Int J Dermatol 2020; 60:1070-1075. [PMID: 33128472 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) is a plant, native to North America, containing bioactive compounds that interrupt biological processes. It has been around for centuries and is known for its medicinal properties. Today, naturopathic remedies are becoming more and more popular, especially for skin ailments. There are an alarming number of online vendors marketing their bloodroot-containing products as cures for skin cancer without any scientific evidence supporting such claims. Clinical data concerning the efficacy of bloodroot primarily come from case studies with unfavorable outcomes involving patients who self-treated with bloodroot-containing black salves. However, recent preclinical studies have concluded that sanguinarine, the active component of bloodroot, shows positive evidence of being an efficacious treatment for skin cancers at micromolar doses. This article reviews the mechanism of action of bloodroot as a skin cancer treatment, its misuse in clinical dermatology, and the FDA's stance on products containing bloodroot that are marketed and sold to laypersons. Members of the public should be made aware of the dangers of self-treating with bloodroot-containing products through effective communication and education by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fravor
- West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Lu M, Li K, He H, Cheng Y, Yang P. Systematic characterization of alkaloids in Eomecon chionantha Hance using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry with a four-step screening strategy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8880. [PMID: 32634853 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Eomecon chionantha Hance (ECH), a traditional folk herb, is commonly used to treat traumatic injuries based on its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have reported that alkaloids are the major bioactive components in ECH. Therefore, identification of alkaloids from ECH contributes to the discovery of its potential active ingredients and quality control in clinic treatments. METHODS A four-step screening strategy was performed as follows. (1) Extracting the accurate masses of ions related to different molecules. (2) Screening different types of compounds using their molecular cations, protonated molecules, diagnostic product ions and fragmentation pathways. (3) Comparing the characteristic product ion formulae to obtain the type and number of substituents. (4) Using the biosynthetic pathways of isoquinoline alkaloids to determine the concentration of alkaloids. RESULTS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) analysis combined with the four-step screening strategy was used to profile the alkaloids in ECH. The structures of 95 alkaloids in ECH were unambiguously identified or reasonably assigned, of which 76 were reported in ECH for the first time. Six types of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were identified in ECH: six benzyltetrahydroisoquinolines, nine protopines, five N-methyltetrahydroprotoberberines, six protoberberines, eight benzophenanthridines and sixty-one dihydrobenzophenanthridines. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive study identified the alkaloids in ECH, thus providing a practical reference for further research. The UHPLC/Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS method, combined with the four-step screening strategy, which was developed and successfully applied to identify the alkaloids in ECH, may also be applicable for the efficient screening of other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilong Lu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Hailang He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Yating Cheng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
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36
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Pettersson CM, Broström H, Humblot P, Bergvall KE. Topical treatment of equine sarcoids with imiquimod 5% cream or Sanguinaria canadensis and zinc chloride - an open prospective study. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:471-e126. [PMID: 33016520 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine sarcoids are the most prevalent skin neoplasm in horses worldwide. Although several treatments are available, none are consistently effective and recurrence is common. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical imiquimod 5% cream and Sanguinaria canadensis + zinc chloride for treatment of equine sarcoids and investigate possible systemic effects on distant untreated sarcoids. ANIMALS/TUMOURS Twenty-five client-owned horses with a total of 164 tumours were included in the study. Fifty-seven tumours were treated and 107 tumours were left untreated. METHODS AND MATERIALS Skin biopsy samples were collected from a minimum of one tumour per horse and the rest were diagnosed based on clinical appearance as likely sarcoids. Imiquimod 5% (A) was applied three times weekly, while Sanguinaria canadensis + zinc chloride (X) was applied every fourth day after a six day daily initiation phase. Treatment continued until clinical remission or for a maximum of 45 weeks, with a long follow-up period (mean 34 months). Skin biopsy samples of sarcoid lesions were re-taken before treatment termination and at follow-up if the owner gave consent. RESULTS Complete remission was recorded in 84.4% (A) and 75.0% (X) of the tumours. Relapse was recorded in 7.3% (A) and 21.4% (X). Spontaneous remission was observed in 1.9% of untreated tumours. No systemic effect on untreated tumours was detected. During treatment varying degrees of local inflammatory reaction were common. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both treatments were considered effective and safe. Smaller tumours responded more favourably to treatment. Relapse rate was low and not observed in sarcoids with repeat biopsies before treatment termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Pettersson
- District and Official Veterinarian, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Rådmansgatan 55, Kristinehamn, 681 34, Sweden
| | - Hans Broström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agriculture, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agriculture, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Kerstin E Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agriculture, Box 7054, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
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Han H, Wang Z, Li T, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Yang N, Wang X, Wang J. Recent progress of bacterial FtsZ inhibitors with a focus on peptides. FEBS J 2020; 288:1091-1106. [PMID: 32681661 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the rise of antibiotic resistance has become a primary health problem. With the emergence of bacterial resistance, the need to explore and develop novel antibacterial drugs has become increasingly urgent. Filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ), a crucial cell division protein of bacteria, has become a vital antibacterial target. FtsZ is a filamentous GTPase; it is highly conserved in bacteria and shares less than 20% sequence identity with the eukaryotic cytoskeleton protein tubulin, indicating that FtsZ-targeting antibacterial agents may have a low cytotoxicity toward eukaryotes. FtsZ can form a dynamic Z-ring in the center of the cell resulting in cell division. Furthermore, disturbance in the assembly of FtsZ may affect cellular dynamics and bacterial cell survival, making it a fascinating target for drug development. This review focuses on the recent discovery of FtsZ inhibitors, including peptides, natural products, and other synthetic small molecules, as well as their mechanism of action, which could facilitate the discovery of novel FtsZ-targeting clinical drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Han
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Molecular Network-Guided Alkaloid Profiling of Aerial Parts of Papaver nudicaule L. Using LC-HRMS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112636. [PMID: 32517053 PMCID: PMC7321159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) is widely used for ornamental purposes. A previous study demonstrated the alleviation of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mediated by P. nudicaule extract through nuclear factor-kappa B and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inactivation. As isoquinoline alkaloids are chemical markers and bioactive constituents of Papaver species, the present study investigated the alkaloid profile of aerial parts of five P. nudicaule cultivars with different flower colors and a P. rhoeas cropped for two years. A combination of liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and molecular networking was used to cluster isoquinoline alkaloids in the species and highlight the possible metabolites. Aside from the 12 compounds, including rotundine, muramine, and allocryptopine, identified from Global Natural Products Social library and reported information, 46 structurally related metabolites were quantitatively investigated. Forty-two and 16 compounds were proposed for chemical profiles of P. nudicaule and P. rhoeas, respectively. Some species-specific metabolites showed similar fragmentation patterns. The alkaloid abundance of P. nudicaule differed depending on the flower color, and the possible chemical markers were proposed. These results show that molecular networking-guided dereplication allows investigation of unidentified metabolites. The derived chemical profile may facilitate evaluation of P. nudicaule quality for pharmacological applications.
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Potential of DNA Intercalating Alkaloids and Other Plant Secondary Metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 Causing COVID-19. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many plants produce secondary metabolites (PSMs) with antiviral activities. Among the antiviral PSMs, lipophilic terpenoids in essential oils can disturb the lipid envelope of viruses. Phenols and polyphenols (flavonoids, rosmarinic acid and tannins) attack viral proteins present in the viral membrane or inside the virus particle. Both phenolics and essential oils are active against free viral particles but not—or to a lesser degree—after a virus has entered a host cell. Another group of PSMs is directed against DNA or RNA. These are DNA intercalators such as sanguinarine, berberine, emetine and other isoquinoline alkaloids, ß-carboline, and quinoline alkaloids such as quinine, cinchonine, dictamine and skimmianine. The DNA intercalators stabilize double-stranded nucleic acids and inhibit the replication, transcription, and translation of genetic material. These alkaloids can inhibit viral development and viral replication in cells, as shown for SARS-CoV-1 and other viruses. Since chloroquine (which is also a DNA intercalator and a chemical derivative of the alkaloid quinine) is apparently clinically helpful against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, it is assumed that intercalating alkaloids, or the medicinal plants producing them, may be interesting candidates for the development of new antiviral drugs for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Ribeiro DML, Carvalho Júnior AR, Vale de Macedo GHR, Chagas VL, Silva LDS, Cutrim BDS, Santos DM, Soares BLL, Zagmignan A, de Miranda RDCM, de Albuquerque PBS, Nascimento da Silva LC. Polysaccharide-Based Formulations for Healing of Skin-Related Wound Infections: Lessons from Animal Models and Clinical Trials. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E63. [PMID: 31905975 PMCID: PMC7022374 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injuries constitute a gateway for pathogenic bacteria that can be either part of tissue microbiota or acquired from the environmental. These microorganisms (such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) produce virulence factors that impair tissue integrity and sustain the inflammatory phase leading for establishment of chronic wounds. The high levels of antimicrobial resistance have limited the therapeutic arsenal for combatting skin infections. Thus, the treatment of non-healing chronic wounds is a huge challenge for health services worldwide, imposing great socio-economic damage to the affected individuals. This scenario has encouraged the use of natural polymers, such as polysaccharide, in order to develop new formulations (membranes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, scaffolds) to be applied in the treatment of skin infections. In this non-exhaustive review, we discuss the applications of polysaccharide-based formulations in the healing of infected wounds in animal models and clinical trials. The formulations discussed in this review were prepared using alginate, cellulose, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid. In addition to have healing actions per se, these polysaccharide formulations can act as transdermal drug delivery systems, controlling the release of active ingredients (such as antimicrobial and healing agents). The papers show that these polysaccharides-based formulations are efficient in controlling infection and improve the healing, even in chronic infected wounds. These data should positively impact the design of new dressings to treat skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Alexsander Rodrigues Carvalho Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Gustavo Henrique Rodrigues Vale de Macedo
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Vitor Lopes Chagas
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Lucas dos Santos Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Brenda da Silva Cutrim
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Deivid Martins Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Bruno Luis Lima Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Mendonça de Miranda
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
| | | | - Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão 65075–120, Brazil; (D.M.L.R.); (A.R.C.J.); (G.H.R.V.d.M.); (V.L.C.); (L.d.S.S.); (B.d.S.C.); (D.M.S.); (B.L.L.S.); (A.Z.); (R.d.C.M.d.M.)
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41
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Wan M, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li Q, Fan W, Xue Q, Yan F, Song W. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Novel Phenanthridine Derivatives. Front Oncol 2019; 9:274. [PMID: 31058081 PMCID: PMC6478010 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the structure of sanguinarine, fourteen phenanthridine derivatives were designed and synthesized in the current study. The cytotoxic activities of synthesized compounds were evaluated against five human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC3, Hela, A549, and HepG2 cell lines) via MTT assay. Among all the compounds tested, molecule 8a exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells with a IC50 value of 0.28 μM. A following up enzymatic assay indicated that compound 8a could inhibit the activity of DNA topoisomerase I/II. Further mechanistic studies performed in the MCF-7 cell line revealed that compound 8a could arrest cell cycle in S phase and induce cell apoptosis via downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax. Collectively, a potent DNA topoisomerase inhibitor (8a) was discovered, which exhibited potential as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent for the management of tumors in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wenli Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qingxia Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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42
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Peng J, Zheng TT, Li X, Liang Y, Wang LJ, Huang YC, Xiao HT. Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 31031622 PMCID: PMC6473079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of intestinal disorders with self-destructive and chronic inflammation in the digestive tract, requiring long-term medications. However, as many side effects and drug resistance are frequently encountered, safer and more effective agents for IBD treatment are urgently needed. Over the past few decades, a variety of natural alkaloids made of plants or medicinal herbs have attracted considerable interest because of the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; additionally, these alkaloids have been reported to reduce the colonic inflammation and damage in a range of colitic models. In this review paper, we summarize the recent findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and emphasize their therapeutic potential for the treatment of IBD; obvious improvement of the colonic oxidative and pro-inflammatory status, significant preservation of the epithelial barrier function and positive modulation of the gut microbiota are the underlying mechanisms for the plant-derived alkaloids to treat IBD. Further clinical trials and preclinical studies to unravel the molecular mechanism are essential to promote the clinical translation of plant-derived alkaloids for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Druggability for Natural Medicines, Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Can Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, Orthopaedic Research Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Druggability for Natural Medicines, Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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43
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Croaker A, King GJ, Pyne JH, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Liu L. Black salve composition: An evaluation of the potential for normal tissue toxicity and treatment failure from black salve products. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Setzer WN. The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E121. [PMID: 30424560 PMCID: PMC6313439 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
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45
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Zhu Q, Jiang M, Liu Q, Yan S, Feng L, Lan Y, Shan G, Xue W, Guo R. Enhanced healing activity of burn wound infection by a dextran-HA hydrogel enriched with sanguinarine. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2472-2486. [PMID: 30066700 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Burn wounds are associated with a series of risks, such as infection and pathologic scar tissue formation, which significantly delay wound healing and lead to complications. In this study, we successfully fabricated a dextran-hyaluronic acid (Dex-HA) hydrogel enriched with sanguinarine (SA) incorporated into gelatin microspheres (GMs), which had high porosity, good swelling ratio, enhanced NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell proliferation, and sustained SA release profile. The in vitro degradation results indicate that the SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogel can be degraded. The in vitro antibacterial tests showed that the SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogel can inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). We evaluated the wound-healing effects and antibacterial properties of SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogels in a rat full-thickness burn infection model. The hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining results of the SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogel showed that it improved re-epithelialization and enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-α was decreased, while the TGF-β3 expression was increased. Our findings suggest that the SA/GMs/Dex-HA hydrogel provides a potential way for infected burn treatment with high-quality and efficient scar inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Kuttikrishnan S, Siveen KS, Prabhu KS, Khan AQ, Akhtar S, Mateo JM, Merhi M, Taha R, Omri HE, Mraiche F, Dermime S, Uddin S. Sanguinarine suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:782-794. [PMID: 30187808 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1494270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine (Sang), a plant-derived compound isolated from the roots of Sanguinaria canadensis was evaluated for its potential pro-apoptotic effects in precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Pre-ALL) cell lines. Treatment of 697, REH, RS4;11, and SupB15 cell lines with Sang exhibited significant inhibition of cell viability via induction of apoptotic cell death. Sang-mediated apoptosis was found to be associated with the increased expression of proapoptotic bax with concomitant decrease of Bcl-2 expression leading to depolarization of mitochondria membrane resulting in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The reduced MMP caused the leakage in mitochondrial membrane and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. The cytochrome c then mediates the activation of caspase-cascade and subsequently PARP cleavage. Furthermore, pretreatment with z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, abrogated Sang-induced inhibition of cell viability, induction of apoptosis. Sang treatment also reduced the phosphorylation of AKT and suppressed the expression of a number of anti-apoptotic genes such as cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP. Sang mediates its anti-cancer activity by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to depletion of glutathione level in leukemic cell lines. Pretreatment of these cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented Sang-induced depletion of glutathione level and mitochondrial-caspase-induced apoptosis. Finally, Sang treatment of Pre-ALL cell suppressed colony formation ability of these cells suggesting Sang has an anti-leukemic potential. Altogether, our data suggest that Sang is an efficient inducer of intrinsic apoptotic cell death via generation of ROS and exhibition of anti-leukemic effect in Pre-ALL cells raises the possibility to develop Sang as a therapeutic modality for the treatment and management of Pre-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Kodappully S Siveen
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Abdul Quaiyoom Khan
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Jericha M Mateo
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- b National Centre for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Ruba Taha
- b National Centre for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Halima El Omri
- b National Centre for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- b National Centre for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- a Translational Research Institute , Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
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Lv P, Chen Y, Shi T, Wu X, Li QX, Hua R. Synthesis and fungicidal activities of sanguinarine derivatives. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 147:3-10. [PMID: 29933989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Taozhong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 957822, United States
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Croaker A, King GJ, Pyne JH, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Liu L. Assessing the risk of epidemic dropsy from black salve use. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1274-1281. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Croaker
- Southern Cross Plant Science; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW Australia
- Wesley Medical Research Institute; Wesley Hospital; Auchenflower QLD Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network; Queensland Australia
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant Science; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW Australia
| | - John H. Pyne
- School of Medicine; University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Quality Use of Medicines Network; Queensland Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Griffith University; Gold Coast Campus Gold Coast QLD Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW Australia
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Kim J, Yoo M, Shin J, Kim H, Kang J, Tan AC. Systems Pharmacology-Based Approach of Connecting Disease Genes in Genome-Wide Association Studies with Traditional Chinese Medicine. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:7697356. [PMID: 29765977 PMCID: PMC5885494 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7697356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) originated in ancient China has been practiced over thousands of years for treating various symptoms and diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCM in treating these diseases remain unknown. In this study, we employ a systems pharmacology-based approach for connecting GWAS diseases with TCM for potential drug repurposing and repositioning. We studied 102 TCM components and their target genes by analyzing microarray gene expression experiments. We constructed disease-gene networks from 2558 GWAS studies. We applied a systems pharmacology approach to prioritize disease-target genes. Using this bioinformatics approach, we analyzed 14,713 GWAS disease-TCM-target gene pairs and identified 115 disease-gene pairs with q value < 0.2. We validated several of these GWAS disease-TCM-target gene pairs with literature evidence, demonstrating that this computational approach could reveal novel indications for TCM. We also develop TCM-Disease web application to facilitate the traditional Chinese medicine drug repurposing efforts. Systems pharmacology is a promising approach for connecting GWAS diseases with TCM for potential drug repurposing and repositioning. The computational approaches described in this study could be easily expandable to other disease-gene network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Minjae Yoo
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jimin Shin
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jaewoo Kang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Saeed MEM, Mahmoud N, Sugimoto Y, Efferth T, Abdel-Aziz H. Molecular Determinants of Sensitivity or Resistance of Cancer Cells Toward Sanguinarine. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29535628 PMCID: PMC5834429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, natural products represented a significant source of diverse and unique bioactive lead compounds in drug discovery field. In Clinical oncology, complete tumors remission is hampered by the development of drug-resistance. Therefore, development of cytotoxic agents that may overcome drug resistance is urgently needed. Here, the natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine has been studied for its cytotoxic activity against multidrug resistance (MDR) cancer cells. We investigated the role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters BCRP/ABCG2, P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and its close relative ABCB5 in drug resistance. Further drug resistance mechanisms analyzed in this study were the tumor suppressor TP53 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Multidrug resistant cells overexpressing BCRP, ABCB5 and mutated ΔEGFR were not cross-resistant toward sanguinarine. Interestingly, P-gp overexpressing cells were hypersensitive to sanguinarine. Doxorubicin uptake assay carried by flow cytometry revealed that sanguinarine is a potent inhibitor of the P-gp transporter. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis proved that P-gp was downregulated in a dose dependent manner after treating P-gp overexpressing cells with sanguinarine. It was surmised that The inhibition of NFκB activity might explain the collateral sensitivity in CEM/ADR5000 cells. The COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses of transcriptome-wide expression profiles of tumor cell lines of the National Cancer Institute identified genes involved in various cellular processes (immune response, inflammation signaling, cell migration and microtubule formation) significantly correlated with log10IC50 values for sanguinarine. In conclusion, sanguinarine may have therapeutic potential for treating multidrug resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heba Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Medical and Clinical Affairs Phytomedicines, Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH, Bayer Consumer Health, Darmstadt, Germany
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