1
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Kang MJ, Kim MJ, Seol Y, Chang JE, Lee KR, Chae YJ. Interactions of bosutinib with drug transporters: In vitro and In vivo inhibition of organic cation transporter 2, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein by bosutinib. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117114. [PMID: 39053425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bosutinib has been approved for use in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Information regarding the effects of bosutinib on clinically important drug transporters is limited, particularly regarding its inhibitory potency on transporters and in vivo effects. Therefore, we conducted a study investigating the in vitro and in vivo effects of bosutinib on drug transporters. Bosutinib showed moderate or strong inhibitory effects on organic cation transporter 2, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein with IC50 values of 0.0894, 0.598, and 10.8 µM, respectively. In vivo experiments in rats showed that bosutinib significantly inhibited organic cation transporter 2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1, leading to a marked reduction in the renal clearance of metformin and an increase in systemic exposure to metformin. Bosutinib increased systemic exposure to sulfasalazine, a probe substrate of breast cancer resistance protein, by 75 % in rats, highlighting its potential to significantly affect intestinal drug efflux. These quantitative changes suggest that bosutinib may alter the in vivo pharmacokinetics of drugs that are substrates of these transporters, potentially leading to increased drug exposure and enhanced or unexpected pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Seol
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Jee Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Sun J, Xiao Y, Xing W, Jiang W, Hu X, Li H, Liu Z, Jin Q, Ren P, Zhang H, Lobie PE. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of a novel GLP-1 receptor biased agonist-SAL0112. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116965. [PMID: 38925019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE GLP-1 receptor agonists are clinically utilized for type 2 diabetes and obesity. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies were performed to assess the druggability of a novel small molecule GLP-1 receptor biased agonist SAL0112. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The HTRF assay, FLIPR assay, TR-FRET assay, and PathHunter assay were utilized for in vitro studies. Liver transporter tests were conducted using the HEK293-OATP1B1 and HEK293-OATP1B3 cell lines. In vitro stability assessments of various species and in vivo PK studies in rodents were performed. A model of type 2 diabetes and obesity induced by a high-energy diet in transgenic C57BL/6 mice expressing the human GLP-1 receptor gene was conducted. PRINCIPAL RESULTS SAL0112 demonstrated high potency and selectivity in activating the Gαs pathway of the GLP-1 receptor, with no observed desensitization. SAL0112 demonstrated greater stability in human and rat liver microsomes compared to Danuglipron. In vivo PK studies revealed higher absorption of SAL0112 in rats. SAL0112 displayed a significantly lower potential for DDI on liver transporters compared to Danuglipron. SAL0112 led to significant reductions in body weight (P<0.001), blood glucose levels in OGTT (P<0.001), HbA1c (P<0.05) and improved insulin resistance (P<0.01). Notably, it increased peripheral adipocyte density and resolved hepatic steatosis. The efficacy of SAL0112 was found to be comparable to that of Danuglipron and Liraglutide. CONCLUSION SAL0112 demonstrated potent and selective GLP-1 receptor biased agonism, effectively alleviating signs of type 2 diabetes in a mouse model. These promising findings pave the way for the advancement of SAL0112 into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Sun
- iBHE, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; R&D Center, Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Xiao
- R&D Center, Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xing
- R&D Center, Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- R&D Center, Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- R&D Center, Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongchao Li
- R&D Center, Shenzhen Salubris Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Pharmacology Department, Innoland Biosciences (SuZhou) co., LTD. Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Pharmacology Department, Innoland Biosciences (SuZhou) co., LTD. Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Biology Department, Pharmaron Inc. Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Biology Department, WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- iBHE, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Hartauer M, Murphy WA, Brouwer KLR, Southall R, Neuhoff S. Hepatic OATP1B zonal distribution: Implications for rifampicin-mediated drug-drug interactions explored within a PBPK framework. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38898552 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OATP1B facilitates the uptake of xenobiotics into hepatocytes and is a prominent target for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Reduced systemic exposure of OATP1B substrates has been reported following multiple-dose rifampicin; one explanation for this observation is OATP1B induction. Non-uniform hepatic distribution of OATP1B may impact local rifampicin tissue concentrations and rifampicin-mediated protein induction, which may affect the accuracy of transporter- and/or metabolizing enzyme-mediated DDI predictions. We incorporated quantitative zonal OATP1B distribution data from immunofluorescence imaging into a PBPK modeling framework to explore rifampicin interactions with OATP1B and CYP substrates. PBPK models were developed for rifampicin, two OATP1B substrates, pravastatin and repaglinide (also metabolized by CYP2C8/CYP3A4), and the CYP3A probe, midazolam. Simulated hepatic uptake of pravastatin and repaglinide increased from the periportal to the pericentral region (approximately 2.1-fold), consistent with OATP1B distribution data. Simulated rifampicin unbound intracellular concentrations increased in the pericentral region (1.64-fold) compared to simulations with uniformly distributed OATP1B. The absolute average fold error of the rifampicin PBPK model for predicting substrate maximal concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) ratios was 1.41 and 1.54, respectively (nine studies). In conclusion, hepatic OATP1B distribution has a considerable impact on simulated zonal substrate uptake clearance values and simulated intracellular perpetrator concentrations, which regulate transporter and metabolic DDIs. Additionally, accounting for rifampicin-mediated OATP1B induction in parallel with inhibition improved model predictions. This study provides novel insight into the effect of hepatic OATP1B distribution on site-specific DDI predictions and the impact of accounting for zonal transporter distributions within PBPK models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie Hartauer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William A Murphy
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Bechtold BJ, Lynch KD, Oyanna VO, Call MR, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Clarke JD. Rifampin- and Silymarin-Mediated Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Exogenous and Endogenous Substrates in a Transgenic OATP1B Mouse Model. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2284-2297. [PMID: 38529622 PMCID: PMC11073900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3, encoded by the SLCO gene family of the solute carrier superfamily, are involved in the disposition of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. Preclinical rodent models help assess risks of pharmacokinetic interactions, but interspecies differences in transporter orthologs and expression limit direct clinical translation. An OATP1B transgenic mouse model comprising a rodent Slco1a/1b gene cluster knockout and human SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 gene insertions provides a potential physiologically relevant preclinical tool to predict pharmacokinetic interactions. Pharmacokinetics of exogenous probe substrates, pitavastatin and pravastatin, and endogenous OATP1B biomarkers, coproporphyrin-I and coproporphyrin-III, were determined in the presence and absence of known OATP/Oatp inhibitors, rifampin or silymarin (an extract of milk thistle [Silybum marianum]), in wild-type FVB mice and humanized OATP1B mice. Rifampin increased exposure of pitavastatin (4.6- and 2.8-fold), pravastatin (3.6- and 2.2-fold), and coproporphyrin-III (1.6- and 2.1-fold) in FVB and OATP1B mice, respectively, but increased coproporphyrin-I AUC0-24h only (1.8-fold) in the OATP1B mice. Silymarin did not significantly affect substrate AUC, likely because the silymarin flavonolignan concentrations were at or below their reported IC50 values for the relevant OATPs/Oatps. Silymarin increased the Cmax of pitavastatin 2.7-fold and pravastatin 1.9-fold in the OATP1B mice. The data of the OATP1B mice were similar to those of the pitavastatin and pravastatin clinical data; however, the FVB mice data more closely recapitulated pitavastatin clinical data than the data of the OATP1B mice, suggesting that the OATP1B mice are a reasonable, though costly, preclinical strain for predicting pharmacokinetic interactions when doses are optimized to achieve clinically relevant plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baron J. Bechtold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Katherine D. Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Victoria O. Oyanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - M. Ridge Call
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Tyler N. Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina, 27412, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina, 27412, United States
| | - John D. Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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5
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Goljan E, Abouelhoda M, Tahir A, ElKalioby M, Meyer B, Monies D. Large-scale next generation sequencing based analysis of SLCO1B1 pharmacogenetics variants in the Saudi population. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:30. [PMID: 38523294 PMCID: PMC10962151 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLCO1B1 plays an important role in mediating hepatic clearance of many different drugs including statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics. Several variants in SLCO1B1 have been shown to have a clinically significant impact, in relation to efficacy of these medications. This study provides a comprehensive overview of SLCO1B1 variation in Saudi individuals, one of the largest Arab populations in the Middle East. METHODS The dataset of 11,889 (9,961 exomes and 1,928 pharmacogenetic gene panel) Saudi nationals, was used to determine the presence and frequencies of SLCO1B1 variants, as described by the Clinical Pharmacogenetic Implementation Consortium (CPIC). RESULTS We identified 141 previously described SNPs, of which rs2306283 (50%) and rs4149056 (28%), were the most common. In addition, we observed six alleles [*15 (24.7%) followed by *20 (8.04%), *14 (5.86%), *5 (3.84%), *31 (0.21%) and *9 (0.03%)] predicted to be clinically actionable. Allele diplotype to phenotype conversion revealed 41 OATP1B1 diplotypes. We estimated the burden of rare, and novel predicted deleterious variants, resulting from 17 such alterations. CONCLUSIONS The data we present, from one of the largest Arab cohorts studied to date, provides the most comprehensive overview of SLCO1B1 variants, and the subsequent OATP1B1 activity of this ethnic group, which thus far remains relatively underrepresented in available international genomic databases. We believe that the presented data provides a basis for further clinical investigations and the application of personalized statin drug therapy guidance in Arabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Goljan
- Clinical Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abouelhoda
- Computational Biosciences, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tahir
- Computational Biosciences, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed ElKalioby
- Computational Biosciences, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian Meyer
- Clinical Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Clinical Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Oka Y, Abe-Sato K, Tabuse H, Yasukawa Y, Yahara T, Nishimoto T, Kamitani M, Fukunaga T, Ochiai N, Kumasaka-Abe T, Hitaka K, Gunji E, Ohara H, Takeda T, Kojima N, Asami T. Discovery of TP0628103: A Highly Potent and Selective MMP-7 Inhibitor with Reduced OATP-Mediated Clearance Designed by Shifting Isoelectric Points. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1406-1420. [PMID: 38214909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) has been shown to play an important role in pathophysiological processes such as cancer and fibrosis. We previously discovered selective MMP-7 inhibitors by molecular hybridization and structure-based drug design. However, the systemic clearance (CLtot) of the biologically active lead compound was very high. Because our studies revealed that hepatic uptake by organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) was responsible for the high CLtot, we found a novel approach to reducing their uptake based on isoelectric point (IP) values as an indicator for substrate recognition by OATP1B1/1B3. Our "IP shift strategy" to adjust the IP values culminated in the discovery of TP0628103 (18), which is characterized by reduced in vitro OATP-mediated hepatic uptake and in vivo CLtot. Our in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of OATP-mediated clearance and the "IP shift strategy" provide crucial insights for a new medicinal chemistry approach to reducing the systemic clearance of OATP1B1/1B3 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oka
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Kumi Abe-Sato
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tabuse
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yasukawa
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tohru Yahara
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishimoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kamitani
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukunaga
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Ochiai
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kumasaka-Abe
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hitaka
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Emi Gunji
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohara
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Takuya Takeda
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Naoki Kojima
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Taiji Asami
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-Cho, Kita-Ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
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7
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Shchulkin AV, Abalenikhina YV, Slepnev AA, Rokunov ED, Yakusheva EN. The Role of Adopted Orphan Nuclear Receptors in the Regulation of an Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) under the Action of Sex Hormones. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9593-9605. [PMID: 38132446 PMCID: PMC10741745 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) is an influx transporter protein of the SLC superfamily, expressed mainly in the liver and some tumor cells. The mechanisms of its regulation are being actively studied. In the present study, the effect of sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) on OATP1B1 expression in HepG2 cells was examined. The role of adopted orphan receptors, farnasoid X receptor (FXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and liver X receptor subtype alpha (LXRa), was also evaluated. Hormones were used in concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 μM, with incubation for 24 h. The protein expression of OATP1B1, FXR, CAR, PXR and LXRa was analyzed by Western blot. It was shown that estradiol (10 and 100 μM) increased the expression of OATP1B1, acting through CAR. Testosterone (1, 10 and 100 μM) increased the expression of OATP1B1, acting through FXR, PXR and LXRa. Progesterone (10 and 100 μM) decreased the expression of OATP1B1 (10 and 100 μM) and adopted orphan receptors are not involved in this process. The obtained results have important practical significance and determine ways for targeted regulation of the transporter, in particular in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V. Shchulkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia; (Y.V.A.); (A.A.S.); (E.N.Y.)
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8
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Alhazzani K, Alanazi AZ, Mostafa AM, Barker J, El-Wekil MM, Ali AMBH. A novel microextraction technique aided by air agitation using a natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of fluvastatin and empagliflozin from plasma samples: application to pharmacokinetic and drug-drug interaction study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31201-31212. [PMID: 37881757 PMCID: PMC10595561 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05929d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the interaction between the antihyperlipidemic drug fluvastatin (FLV) and the antidiabetic drug empagliflozin (EMP), which are commonly co-administered medications. EMP's impact on FLV levels is attributed to its inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), responsible for FLV liver uptake, consequently elevating FLV concentrations in blood. Traditional extraction methods for FLV faced difficulties due to its high hydrophobicity. In this study, a hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvent (NDES) using air assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (AA-DLLME) was utilized as an excellent choice for achieving the highest extraction recovery, reaching 96% for FLV and 92% for EMP. The NDES was created through the combination of menthol and hippuric acid in a 4 : 1 ratio, making it a green and cost-effective pathway. Liquid phase microextraction followed by spectrofluorometric measurements of FLV at λem = 395 nm and EMP at λem = 303 nm, with excitation at a single wavelength of 275 nm was carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) relying on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the variables affecting the AA-NDES-DLLME. The optimized conditions for extraction are: NDES volume of 200 μL, centrifugation time of 15 minutes, air-agitation cycle of 6 cycles, and sample pH of 4.0. Under these optimized conditions, the developed method exhibited good linearity and precision. The method showed good recoveries from rabbit plasma samples spiked at varying concentrations of the analyzed compounds. To assess the applicability and effectiveness of the hydrophobic DES, the validated method was applied to extract the studied drugs from rabbit plasma samples after oral administration of FLV alone and in combination with EMP. The pharmacokinetic parameters of FLV were calculated in both cases to investigate any changes and determine the need for dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya M Mostafa
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University Kingston-upon-Thames London KT1 2EE UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University Kingston-upon-Thames London KT1 2EE UK
| | - Mohamed M El-Wekil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Al-Montaser Bellah H Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut Egypt
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9
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Ciută AD, Nosol K, Kowal J, Mukherjee S, Ramírez AS, Stieger B, Kossiakoff AA, Locher KP. Structure of human drug transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5774. [PMID: 37723174 PMCID: PMC10507018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 are membrane proteins that mediate uptake of drugs into the liver for subsequent conjugation and biliary excretion, a key step in drug elimination from the human body. Polymorphic variants of these transporters can cause reduced drug clearance and adverse drug effects such as statin-induced rhabdomyolysis, and co-administration of OATP substrates can lead to damaging drug-drug interaction. Despite their clinical relevance in drug disposition and pharmacokinetics, the structure and mechanism of OATPs are unknown. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 bound to synthetic Fab fragments and in functionally distinct states. A single estrone-3-sulfate molecule is bound in a pocket located in the C-terminal half of OATP1B1. The shape and chemical nature of the pocket rationalize the preference for diverse organic anions and allow in silico docking of statins. The structure of OATP1B3 is determined in a drug-free state but reveals a bicarbonate molecule bound to the conserved signature motif and a histidine residue that is prevalent in OATPs exhibiting pH-dependent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Denise Ciută
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kamil Nosol
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana S Ramírez
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony A Kossiakoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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10
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Stöllberger C, Finsterer J, Schneider B. Adverse events and drug-drug interactions of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients treated for heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:803-816. [PMID: 37856368 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2273900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium glucose co-transporter 2-inhibitors (SGLT2-I), antihyperglycemic agents, are increasingly prescribed in chronic heart failure (CHF). Their risk for drug-drug interactions (DDI) seems low. Safety-data derive mainly from diabetes-patients. This review aims to summarize adverse-events (AE) and DDI of the SGLT2-I dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and sotagliflozin in patients with CHF. AREAS COVERED Literature-search-terms in PubMed were 'adverse event/drug-drug interaction' and 'heart failure AND 'dapagliflozin' OR 'empagliflozin' OR 'sotagliflozin.'AEreported in randomized controlled trials (RCT) comprisegenitaland urinary-tract infections, hypotension, ketoacidosis, renal impairment, hypoglycemia, limb-amputations, Fournier's gangrene, bone-fractures, hepatopathy, pancreatitis, diarrhea, malignancy and venous thromboembolism. Their incidence is largely unknown, since they were not consistently evaluated in RCT of CHF. Further AE from meta-analyses, pharmacovigilance reports, case-series and case-reports include erythrocytosis, hypertriglyceridemia, myopathy, sarcopenia, skin problems, ventricular tachycardia, and urinary retention. The maximal observation period of RCT in CHF was 26 months.DDI were mainly studied in healthy volunteers for 3-8 days. In CHF or diabetes-patients, DDI were reported with interleukin-17-inhibitors, linezolid, lithium, tacrolimus, valproate, angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin-inhibitors and intravenous iron. EXPERT OPINION Guidelines recommend treatment with SGLT2-I for CHF but no data on AE during long-term therapy and only little information on DDI are available, which stresses the need for further research. Evidence-based recommendations for ketoacidosis-prevention are desirable.
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11
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Zhao D, Long X, Wang J. Transporter‑mediated drug‑drug interactions involving poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase inhibitors (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:161. [PMID: 36936025 PMCID: PMC10017913 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are novel targeted anticancer agents that have been widely used in patients with cancer, particularly in patients with breast-related cancer antigen 1/2 mutations. PARP inhibitors are administered orally and have been associated with improved efficacy and toxicity profiles when compared to conventional chemotherapy agents; this improvement is convenient and results in good compliance among patients with cancer. However, as PARP inhibitors are administered long-term and frequently concomitantly with other therapeutic agents, the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is increasing. Transporters are widely expressed in numerous types of tissue, where they have crucial roles in the membrane transport of several drugs. An alteration in the activity and expression of transporters may change the drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and cause DDIs. As the five PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib, talazoparib and veliparib) are transporter substrates, inhibitors or inducers, the potential transporter-mediated DDIs with the use of PARP inhibitors should be taken into consideration when co-administered with other agents. The present review focused on recent findings on transporter-mediated DDIs with PARP inhibitors to provide specific recommendations for reducing the occurrence of undesired DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Dehua Zhao, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), 190 Jiannan Dong Street, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China,
| | - Xiaoqing Long
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang (Sichuan Mental Health Center), Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
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12
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Kayesh R, Tambe V, Xu C, Yue W. Differential Preincubation Effects of Nicardipine on OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Transport in the Presence and Absence of Protein: Implications in Assessing OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1020. [PMID: 36986880 PMCID: PMC10052025 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired transport activity of hepatic OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 due to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) often leads to increased systemic exposure to substrate drugs (e.g., lipid-lowering statins). Since dyslipidemia and hypertension frequently coexist, statins are often concurrently used with antihypertensives, including calcium channel blockers (CCBs). OATP1B1/1B3-related DDIs in humans have been reported for several CCBs. To date, the OATP1B1/1B3-mediated DDI potential of CCB nicardipine has not been assessed. The current study was designed to assess the OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated DDI potential of nicardipine using the R-value model, following the US-FDA guidance. IC50 values of nicardipine against OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were determined in transporter-overexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells using [3H]-estradiol 17β-D-glucuronide and [3H]-cholecystokinin-8 as substrates, respectively, with or without nicardipine-preincubation in protein-free Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) or in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing culture medium. Preincubation with nicardipine for 30 min in protein-free HBSS buffer produced lower IC50 and higher R-values for both OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 compared to in FBS-containing medium, yielding IC50 values of 0.98 and 1.63 µM and R-values of 1.4 and 1.3 for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, respectively. The R-values were higher than the US-FDA cut-off value of 1.1, supporting that nicardipine has the potential to cause OATP1B1/3-mediated DDIs. Current studies provide insight into the consideration of optimal preincubation conditions when assessing the OATP1B1/3-mediated DDIs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhul Kayesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Vishakha Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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13
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Nyström NN, McRae SW, Martinez FM, Kelly JJ, Scholl TJ, Ronald JA. A Genetically Encoded Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reporter Enables Sensitive Detection and Tracking of Spontaneous Metastases in Deep Tissues. Cancer Res 2023; 83:673-685. [PMID: 36512633 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death. However, it remains a poorly understood aspect of cancer biology, and most preclinical cancer studies do not examine metastasis, focusing solely on the primary tumor. One major factor contributing to this paradox is a gap in available tools for accurate spatiotemporal measurements of metastatic spread in vivo. Here, our objective was to develop an imaging reporter system that offers sensitive three-dimensional (3D) detection of cancer cells at high resolutions in live mice. An organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1b3 (oatp1b3) was used as an MRI reporter gene, and its sensitivity was systematically optimized for in vivo tracking of viable cancer cells in a spontaneous metastasis model. Metastases with oatp1b3-MRI could be observed at the single lymph node level and tracked over time as cancer cells spread to multiple lymph nodes and different organ systems in individual animals. While initial single lesions were successfully imaged in parallel via bioluminescence, later metastases were largely obscured by light scatter from the initial node. Importantly, MRI could detect micrometastases in lung tissue comprised on the order of 1,000 cancer cells. In summary, oatp1b3-MRI enables longitudinal tracking of cancer cells with combined high resolution and high sensitivity that provides 3D spatial information and the surrounding anatomical context. SIGNIFICANCE An MRI reporter gene system optimized for tracking metastasis in deep tissues at high resolutions and able to detect spontaneous micrometastases in lungs of mice provides a useful tool for metastasis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivin N Nyström
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Sean W McRae
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco M Martinez
- Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John J Kelly
- Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy J Scholl
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Michalska K, Balcerczak E, Jeleń A, Saed L, Pietrzak J, Żebrowska-Nawrocka M. Effects of the SLCO1B1 A388G single nucleotide polymorphism on the development, clinical parameters, treatment, and survival of multiple myeloma cases in a Polish population. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1447-1458. [PMID: 36478296 PMCID: PMC9889417 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma is one of the most common hematological malignancies worldwide. Genetic alterations may lead to the progression from monoclonal gammopathy to multiple myeloma. Additionally, the genetic background of the disease might influence therapy outcomes, including survival time. SLCO1B1, belonging to the OATPs family, is a membrane protein that mediates the uptake of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous (including drugs) compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the A388G single nucleotide polymorphism in the SLCO1B1 gene in Polish multiple myeloma patients was determined. This polymorphism affects the amino acid change of the protein, so it may be responsible for treatment effectiveness or risk of disease development. A388G was evaluated by the PCR-RFLP method. The presented study showed a statistically significant association between the GG genotype with longer survival of patients with multiple myeloma with Melphalan-Prednisone therapy compared to other treatment regimens (p = 0.0271). There was no statistically significant association in the frequency of genotypes (p = 0.8211) and alleles: allele A (p = 0.5442); allele G (p = 0.8020) between multiple myeloma patients and a control group. CONCLUSIONS The A388G polymorphism does not seem to affect the increased risk of the development of multiple myeloma. However, the occurrence of the GG genotype may prolong of patients overall survival in the case of Melphalan-Prednisone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Michalska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jeleń
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lias Saed
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Pietrzak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Żebrowska-Nawrocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Interfaculty Cathedral of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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15
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Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M. The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020364. [PMID: 36839686 PMCID: PMC9966068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
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16
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Iversen DB, Andersen NE, Dalgård Dunvald A, Pottegård A, Stage TB. Drug metabolism and drug transport of the 100 most prescribed oral drugs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:311-324. [PMID: 35972991 PMCID: PMC9804310 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective use of drugs requires an understanding of metabolism and transport. We identified the 100 most prescribed drugs in six countries and conducted a literature search on in vitro data to assess contribution of Phase I and II enzymes and drug transporters to metabolism and transport. Eighty-nine of the 100 drugs undergo drug metabolism or are known substrates for drug transporters. Phase I enzymes are involved in metabolism of 67 drugs, while Phase II enzymes mediate metabolism of 18 drugs. CYP3A4/5 is the most important Phase I enzyme involved in metabolism of 43 drugs followed by CYP2D6 (23 drugs), CYP2C9 (23 drugs), CYP2C19 (22 drugs), CYP1A2 (14 drugs) and CYP2C8 (11 drugs). More than half of the drugs (54 drugs) are known substrates for drug transporters. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be involved in transport of 30 drugs, while breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) facilitates transport of 11 drugs. A considerable proportion of drugs are subject to a combination of Phase I metabolism, Phase II metabolism and/or drug transport. We conclude that the majority of the most frequently prescribed drugs depend on drug metabolism or drug transport. Thus, understanding variability of drug metabolism and transport remains a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte B. Iversen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Nanna Elman Andersen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Ann‐Cathrine Dalgård Dunvald
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Tore B. Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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17
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Jin Y, Li Y, Eisenmann ED, Figg WD, Baker SD, Sparreboom A, Hu S. Determination of the endogenous OATP1B biomarkers glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate and chenodeoxycholate-24-glucuronide in human and mouse plasma by a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123437. [PMID: 36054985 PMCID: PMC9588625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate (GCDCA-S) and chenodeoxycholate-24-glucuronide (CDCA-24G) are bile acid metabolites that potentially serve as endogenous biomarkers for drug-drug interactions mediated by the hepatic uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. We developed and validated a novel UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of GCDCA-S and CDCA-24G in mouse and human plasma with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Accucore aQ column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, dp = 2.6 μm) maintained at 20 °C and a gradient mobile phase comprising 2 mM ammonium acetate in water and methanol. The extraction recoveries of GCDCA-S and CDCA-24G were >80 %, and linear (r2 > 0.99) calibration curves ranged 0.5-100 ng/mL (CDCA-24G and GCDCA-S in mouse plasma) or 0.5-1000 ng/mL (GCDCA-S in mouse plasma). Values for precision (CV < 11.6 %) and accuracy bias (10.9 %) of analyte-spiked quality control samples verified that water was an acceptable matrix to prepare calibrators. This method was successfully applied to establish baseline activity of OATP1B1/OATP1B3 in humans and mice and establish the in vivo effects of OATP1B1/OATP1B3 inhibitors rifampin and micafungin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric D Eisenmann
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharyn D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Naseem A, Pal A, Gowan S, Asad Y, Donovan A, Temesszentandrási-Ambrus C, Kis E, Gaborik Z, Bhalay G, Raynaud F. Intracellular Metabolomics Identifies Efflux Transporter Inhibitors in a Routine Caco-2 Cell Permeability Assay-Biological Implications. Cells 2022; 11:3286. [PMID: 36291153 PMCID: PMC9601193 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caco-2 screens are routinely used in laboratories to measure the permeability of compounds and can identify substrates of efflux transporters. In this study, we hypothesized that efflux transporter inhibition of a compound can be predicted by an intracellular metabolic signature in Caco-2 cells in the assay used to test intestinal permeability. Using selective inhibitors and transporter knock-out (KO) cells and a targeted Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) method, we identified 11 metabolites increased in cells with depleted P-glycoprotein (Pgp) activity. Four metabolites were altered with Breast Cancer Resistance (BCRP) inhibition and nine metabolites were identified in the Multidrug Drug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2) signature. A scoring system was created that could discriminate among the three transporters and validated with additional inhibitors. Pgp and MRP2 substrates did not score as inhibitors. In contrast, BCRP substrates and inhibitors showed a similar intracellular metabolomic signature. Network analysis of signature metabolites led us to investigate changes of enzymes in one-carbon metabolism (folate and methionine cycles). Our data shows that methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) protein levels increased with Pgp inhibition and Thymidylate synthase (TS) protein levels were reduced with Pgp and MRP2 inhibition. In addition, the methionine cycle is also affected by both Pgp and MRP2 inhibition. In summary, we demonstrated that the routine Caco-2 assay has the potential to identify efflux transporter inhibitors in parallel with substrates in the assays currently used in many DMPK laboratories and that inhibition of efflux transporters has biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Naseem
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Akos Pal
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sharon Gowan
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Yasmin Asad
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Adam Donovan
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | | | - Emese Kis
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Charles River Company, Irinyi József u. 4-20, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Gaborik
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Charles River Company, Irinyi József u. 4-20, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gurdip Bhalay
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
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Yokomizo S, Henary M, Buabeng ER, Fukuda T, Monaco H, Baek Y, Manganiello S, Wang H, Kubota J, Ulumben AD, Lv X, Wang C, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Kang H, Bao K, Kashiwagi S, Choi HS. Topical pH Sensing NIR Fluorophores for Intraoperative Imaging and Surgery of Disseminated Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201416. [PMID: 35567348 PMCID: PMC9286000 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) aids surgeons with real-time visualization of small cancer foci and borders, which improves surgical and prognostic efficacy of cancer. Despite the steady advances in imaging devices, there is a scarcity of fluorophores available to achieve optimal FGS. Here, 1) a pH-sensitive near-infrared fluorophore that exhibits rapid signal changes in acidic tumor microenvironments (TME) caused by the attenuation of intramolecular quenching, 2) the inherent targeting for cancer based on chemical structure (structure inherent targeting, SIT), and 3) mitochondrial and lysosomal retention are reported. After topical application of PH08 on peritoneal tumor regions in ovarian cancer-bearing mice, a rapid fluorescence increase (< 10 min), and extended preservation of signals (> 4 h post-topical application) are observed, which together allow for the visualization of submillimeter tumors with a high tumor-to-background ratio (TBR > 5.0). In addition, PH08 is preferentially transported to cancer cells via organic anion transporter peptides (OATPs) and colocalizes in the mitochondria and lysosomes due to the positive charges, enabling a long retention time during FGS. PH08 not only has a significant impact on surgical and diagnostic applications but also provides an effective and scalable strategy to design therapeutic agents for a wide array of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yokomizo
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State University100 Piedmont Avenue SEAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Emmanuel R. Buabeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State University100 Piedmont Avenue SEAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Takeshi Fukuda
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka City University Graduate School of Medicine1‐4‐3, AsahimachiAbeno‐kuOsaka545–8585Japan
| | - Hailey Monaco
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Sophia Manganiello
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Haoran Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Jo Kubota
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Amy Daniel Ulumben
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Xiangmin Lv
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyVincent Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyVincent Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Kai Bao
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
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20
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Huang Y, Du Y, Zheng Y, Wen C, Zou H, Huang J, Zhou H, Zhao H, Wu L. Ct-OATP1B3 promotes high-grade serous ovarian cancer metastasis by regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:556. [PMID: 35717493 PMCID: PMC9206684 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy mainly due to its extensive metastasis. Cancer-type organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (Ct-OATP1B3), a newly discovered splice variant of solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 (SLCO1B3), has been reported to be overexpressed in several types of cancer. However, the biological function of Ct-OATP1B3 remains largely unknown. Here, we reveal that Ct-OATP1B3 is overexpressed in HGSOC and promotes the metastasis of HGSOC in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, Ct-OATP1B3 directly interacts with insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2), an RNA-binding protein, which results in enhancement of the mRNA stability and expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit A2 (NDUFA2), leading to increased mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activities. The increased FAO and OXPHOS activities further facilitate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and cellular lamellipodia formation, which is the initial step in the processes of tumor cell migration and invasion. Taken together, our study provides an insight into the function and underlying mechanism of Ct-OATP1B3 in HGSOC metastasis, and highlights Ct-OATP1B3 as a novel prognostic marker as well as therapeutic target in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Huang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yan Du
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chunjie Wen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Hecun Zou
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jiafeng Huang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.412312.70000 0004 1755 1415Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Lanxiang Wu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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21
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Huttunen J, Adla SK, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Huttunen KM. Increased/Targeted Brain (Pro)Drug Delivery via Utilization of Solute Carriers (SLCs). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061234. [PMID: 35745806 PMCID: PMC9228667 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters have a crucial role in compounds’ brain drug delivery. They allow not only the penetration of a wide variety of different compounds to cross the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), but also the accumulation of them into the brain parenchymal cells. Solute carriers (SLCs), with nearly 500 family members, are the largest group of membrane transporters. Unfortunately, not all SLCs are fully characterized and used in rational drug design. However, if the structural features for transporter interactions (binding and translocation) are known, a prodrug approach can be utilized to temporarily change the pharmacokinetics and brain delivery properties of almost any compound. In this review, main transporter subtypes that are participating in brain drug disposition or have been used to improve brain drug delivery across the BBB via the prodrug approach, are introduced. Moreover, the ability of selected transporters to be utilized in intrabrain drug delivery is discussed. Thus, this comprehensive review will give insights into the methods, such as computational drug design, that should be utilized more effectively to understand the detailed transport mechanisms. Moreover, factors, such as transporter expression modulation pathways in diseases that should be taken into account in rational (pro)drug development, are considered to achieve successful clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.H.); (S.K.A.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zhang Y, Chen SJ, Chen C, Chen XQ, Chatterjee S, Shuster DJ, Dexter H, Armstrong L, Joshi EM, Yang Z, Shen H. Repression of OATP1B Expression and Increase of Plasma Coproporphyrin Level as Evidence for OATP1B Down-regulation in Cynomolgus Monkeys Treated with Chenodeoxycholic Acid. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1077-1086. [PMID: 35636769 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor known to markedly alter expression of major transporters and enzymes in liver. However, its effects toward OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 remain poorly characterized. Therefore, the present study was aimed at determining the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a naturally occurring FXR agonist, on OATP1B expression in cynomolgus monkeys. Multiple administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg CDCA was first shown to significantly repress mRNA expression of SLCO1B1/3 approximately 60% to 80% in monkey livers. It also suppressed cytochrome P450 (CYP)7A1-mRNA and induced OSTα/β-mRNA, which are well known targets of FXR and determinants of bile acid homeostasis. CDCA concomitantly decreased OATP1B protein abundance by approximately 60% in monkey liver. In contrast, multiple doses of 15 mg/kg rifampin (RIF), a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist, had no effect on hepatic OATP1B protein although it induced the intestinal P-gp and MR2 proteins by ~2-fold. Moreover, multiple doses of CDCA resulted in a steady ~2- to 10-fold increase of the OATP1B biomarkers coproporphyrins (CPs) in the plasma samples collected prior to each CDCA dose. Additionally, 3.4- to 11.2-fold increases of CPI and CPIII AUCs were observed after multiple administrations compared to the single dose and vehicle administration dosing groups. Taken together, these data suggest that CDCA represses the expression of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in monkeys. Further investigation of OATP1B down-regulation by FXR in humans is warranted, as such down-regulation effects may be involved in bile acid hemostasis and potential drug interactions in man. Significance Statement Using gene expression and proteomics tools, as well as endogenous biomarker data, for the first time, we have demonstrated that OATP1B expression was suppressed and its activity was reduced in the cynomolgus monkeys following oral administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day CDCA, a FXR agonist, for 8 days. These results lead to a better understanding of OATP1B down-regulation by CDCA and its role on bile acid and drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, United States
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23
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Sandoval P, Chuang BC, Cohen L, Yoneyama T, Pusalkar S, Yucha RW, Chowdhury SK, Chothe PP. Sinusoidal Uptake Determines the Hepatic Clearance of Pevonedistat (TAK-924) as Explained by Extended Clearance Model. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:980-988. [PMID: 35545257 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of hepatic clearance (CLH) of drugs is critical to accurately predict human dose and drug-drug interaction (DDI) liabilities. This is challenging for drugs that involve complex transporter-enzyme interplay. In this study, we demonstrate this interplay in the CLH and DDI effect in the presence of CYP3A4 perpetrator for pevonedistat using both the Conventional Clearance Model (CCM) and the Extended Clearance Model (ECM). In Vitro metabolism and hepatocyte uptake data showed that pevonedistat is actively transported into the liver via multiple uptake transporters and metabolized predominantly by CYP3A4 (88%). The active uptake clearance (CLact,inf) and passive diffusion clearance (CLdiff,inf) were 21 and 8.7 mL/minute/kg, respectively. The CLact,inf was underpredicted as Empirical Scaling Factor of 13 was needed to recover the in vivo plasma clearance (CLplasma). Both CCM and ECM predicted CLplasma of pevonedistat reasonably well (predicted CLplasma of 30.8 (CCM) and 32.1 (ECM) versus observed CLplasma of 32.2 ml/minute/kg). However, both systemic and liver exposures in the presence of itraconazole were well predicted by ECM but not by CCM (predicted pevonedistat plasma AUCR 2.73 (CCM) and 1.23 (ECM)). , The ECM prediction is in accordance with the observed clinical DDI data (observed plasma AUCR of 1.14) that showed CYP3A4 inhibition did not alter pevonedistat exposure systemically, although ECM predicted liver AUCR of 2.85. Collectively, these data indicated that the hepatic uptake is the rate-determining step in the CLH of pevonedistat and are consistent with the lack of systemic clinical DDI with itraconazole. Significance Statement In this study, we successfully demonstrated that the hepatic uptake is the rate-determining step in the CLH of pevonedistat. Both the conventional and extended clearance models predict CLplasma of pevonedistat well however, only the ECM accurately predicted DDI effect in the presence of itraconazole, thus providing further evidence for the lack of DDI with CYP3A4 perpetrators for drugs that involve complex transporter-enzyme interplay as there are currently not many examples in the literature except prototypical OATP substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sandoval
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paresh P Chothe
- Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, United States
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24
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Hove VN, Anderson K, Hayden ER, Pasquariello KZ, Gibson AA, Shen S, Qu J, Jin Y, Miecznikowski JC, Hu S, Sprowl JA. Influence of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition on OATP1B3-mediated Uptake. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:381-389. [PMID: 35383108 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatic uptake transporter, OATP1B3, has a broad substrate recognition and plays a significant role in regulating elimination of endogenous biomolecules or xenobiotics via the liver. OATP1B3 works in tandem with OATP1B1, with which it shares approximately 80% sequence homology and a high degree of substrate overlap. Despite some substrates being recognized solely by OATP1B3, its ability to compensate for loss of OATP1B1-mediated elimination, and recognition by regulatory agencies, little is known about OATP1B3 regulatory factors and how they are involved with drug-drug interaction (DDIs). It was recently discovered that OATP1B1 function is mediated by the activity of a particular tyrosine kinase that is sensitive to a variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study reports that OATP1B3 is similarly regulated, as at least 50% of its activity is reduced by 22 FDA approved TKIs. Nilotinib was assessed as the most potent OATP1B3 inhibitor among the investigated TKIs, which can occur at clinically relevant concentrations and acted predominantly through non-competitive inhibition without impacting membrane expression. Finally, OATP1B3 function was determined to be sensitive to the knockdown of LYN, a Src kinase that is sensitive to nilotinib and has been previously implicated in mediating OATP1B1 activity. Collectively, our findings identify tyrosine kinase activity as a major regulator of OATP1B3 function which is sensitive to kinase inhibition. Given that OATP1B1 is similarly regulated, simultaneous disruption of these transporters can have drastic effects on systemic drug concentrations which would promote adverse events. Significance Statement Despite the importance of OATP1B3 as a critical facilitator of hepatic drug elimination, much is unknown of how OATP1B3 activity is mediated, or how such regulators contribute to drug-drug interactions. The current study reports that OATP1B3 activity is dependent on the Src kinase LYN, which is sensitive to numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The findings provide mechanistic insight into the occurrence of many clinical drug-drug interactions, and a rationale for future study of tyrosine kinase activity regulating drug disposition or transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Qu
- University of Buffalo, United States
| | - Yan Jin
- The Ohio State University, United States
| | | | | | - Jason A Sprowl
- School of Pharmacy, University of Buffalo, United States
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25
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Peng J, Yang G, Huang Z. Vitamin D Deficiency Impacts Exposure and Response of Pravastatin in Male Rats by Altering Hepatic OATPs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841954. [PMID: 35250587 PMCID: PMC8892078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D (VD) deficiency on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of pravastatin and clarify whether the effects are mediated by Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Experiments were conducted in rats to explore the effect of VD deficiency on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of pravastatin. In the pharmacodynamic study, rats were fed a VD-free or VD-supplement high-fat diet for 25–30 days, and plasma 25(OH)VD was dynamically monitored. The response of pravastatin (changes in blood lipids) on rats were then examined after 15 days of pravastatin treatment. In the pharmacokinetic study, rats were fed a VD-free or VD-supplement diet for 25–30 days. The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose pravastatin was then studied, and intestinal and hepatic Oatp1a1 and Oatp2b1 expression was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. Furthermore, OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 expression in Huh7 cells with or without 1.25(OH)2D were assessed via qPCR and western blot. For the pharmacodynamic study, the decrease of total cholesterol and increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in VD-deficient rats were smaller than in VD-sufficient rats, indicating that VD deficiency reduced the response of pravastatin in rats. For the pharmacokinetic study, the plasma exposure slightly increased, and liver exposure decreased in VD-deficient rats, but not significantly. VD deficiency decreased the Oatp1a1 and Oatp2b1 expression in the liver, but not in the small intestine. Similarly, OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 protein levels in Huh7 cells were reduced when 1.25(OH)2D was absent. In conclusion, VD deficiency can decrease the response of pravastatin in rats by reducing the liver pravastatin exposure and expression of hepatic OATPs, consistent with the extended hepatic clearance model theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfu Peng, ; Zhijun Huang,
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfu Peng, ; Zhijun Huang,
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26
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Zhang H, Ou YC, Su D, Wang F, Wang L, Sahasranaman S, Tang Z. In vitro investigations into the roles of CYP450 enzymes and drug transporters in the drug interactions of zanubrutinib, a covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00870. [PMID: 34664792 PMCID: PMC8524670 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanubrutinib is a highly selective, potent, orally available, targeted covalent inhibitor (TCI) of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). This work investigated the in vitro drug metabolism and transport of zanubrutinib, and its potential for clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Phenotyping studies indicated cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A are the major CYP isoform responsible for zanubrutinib metabolism, which was confirmed by a clinical DDI study with itraconazole and rifampin. Zanubrutinib showed mild reversible inhibition with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 4.03, 5.69, and 7.80 μM for CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, respectively. Data in human hepatocytes disclosed induction potential for CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C enzymes. Transport assays demonstrated that zanubrutinib is not a substrate of human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1/1B3, organic cation transporter (OCT)2, or organic anion transporter (OAT)1/3 but is a potential substrate of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Additionally, zanubrutinib is neither an inhibitor of P-gp at concentrations up to 10.0 μM nor an inhibitor of BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, and OAT3 at concentrations up to 5.0 μM. The in vitro results with CYPs and transporters were correlated with the available clinical DDIs using basic models and mechanistic static models. Zanubrutinib is not likely to be involved in transporter-mediated DDIs. CYP3A inhibitors and inducers may impact systemic exposure of zanubrutinib. Dose adjustments may be warranted depending on the potency of CYP3A modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Su
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Fan Wang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Lai Wang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., LtdBeijingChina
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27
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Król SK, Bębenek E, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Sławińska-Brych A, Boryczka S, Stepulak A. Acetylenic Synthetic Betulin Derivatives Inhibit Akt and Erk Kinases Activity, Trigger Apoptosis and Suppress Proliferation of Neuroblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12299. [PMID: 34830180 PMCID: PMC8624615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumors, still represent an important clinical challenge since no effective treatment is available for metastatic and recurrent disease. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new chemotherapeutics to improve the outcome of patients. Betulin (Bet), a triterpenoid from the bark of birches, demonstrated interesting anti-cancer potential. The modification of natural phytochemicals with evidenced anti-tumor activity, including Bet, is one of the methods of receiving new compounds for potential implementation in oncological treatment. Here, we showed that two acetylenic synthetic Bet derivatives (ASBDs), EB5 and EB25/1, reduced the viability and proliferation of SK-N-AS and TE671 cells, as measured by MTT and BrdU tests, respectively. Moreover, ASBDs were also more cytotoxic than temozolomide (TMZ) and cisplatin (cis-diaminedichloroplatinum [II], CDDP) in vitro, and the combination of EB5 with CDDP enhanced anti-cancer effects. We also showed the slowdown of cell cycle progression at S/G2 phases mediated by EB5 using FACS flow cytometry. The decreased viability and proliferation of pediatric cancers cells after treatment with ASBDs was linked to the reduced activity of kinases Akt, Erk1/2 and p38 and the induction of apoptosis, as investigated using Western blotting and FACS. In addition, in silico analyses of the ADMET profile found EB5 to be a promising anti-cancer drug candidate that would benefit from further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia K. Król
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Magdalena Dmoszyńska-Graniczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.-G.); (A.S.)
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28
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Cheng PTW, Kaltenbach RF, Zhang H, Shi J, Tao S, Li J, Kennedy LJ, Walker SJ, Shi Y, Wang Y, Dhanusu S, Reddigunta R, Kumaravel S, Jusuf S, Smith D, Krishnananthan S, Li J, Wang T, Heiry R, Sum CS, Kalinowski SS, Hung CP, Chu CH, Azzara AV, Ziegler M, Burns L, Zinker BA, Boehm S, Taylor J, Sapuppo J, Mosure K, Everlof G, Guarino V, Zhang L, Yang Y, Ruan Q, Xu C, Apedo A, Traeger SC, Cvijic ME, Lentz KA, Tirucherai G, Sivaraman L, Robl J, Ellsworth BA, Rosen G, Gordon DA, Soars MG, Gill M, Murphy BJ. Discovery of an Oxycyclohexyl Acid Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 (LPA 1) Antagonist BMS-986278 for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrotic Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15549-15581. [PMID: 34709814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oxycyclohexyl acid BMS-986278 (33) is a potent lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) antagonist, with a human LPA1 Kb of 6.9 nM. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies starting from the LPA1 antagonist clinical compound BMS-986020 (1), which culminated in the discovery of 33, are discussed. The detailed in vitro and in vivo preclinical pharmacology profiles of 33, as well as its pharmacokinetics/metabolism profile, are described. On the basis of its in vivo efficacy in rodent chronic lung fibrosis models and excellent overall ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) properties in multiple preclinical species, 33 was advanced into clinical trials, including an ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with lung fibrosis (NCT04308681).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T W Cheng
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Robert F Kaltenbach
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jun Shi
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Shiwei Tao
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lawrence J Kennedy
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Steven J Walker
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Yan Shi
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Suresh Dhanusu
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Ramesh Reddigunta
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Selvakumar Kumaravel
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Sutjano Jusuf
- Computer Aided Drug Design, Molecular Structure & Design, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Daniel Smith
- Discovery Chemistry Synthesis, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Subramaniam Krishnananthan
- Discovery Chemistry Synthesis, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jianqing Li
- Discovery Chemistry Synthesis, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Lead Evaluation, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Rebekah Heiry
- Lead Evaluation, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Chi Shing Sum
- Lead Evaluation, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Stephen S Kalinowski
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Chen-Pin Hung
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Ching-Hsuen Chu
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Anthony V Azzara
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Milinda Ziegler
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lisa Burns
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bradley A Zinker
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Stephanie Boehm
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Joseph Taylor
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Julia Sapuppo
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Kathy Mosure
- Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Gerry Everlof
- Pharmaceutics, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Victor Guarino
- Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Yanou Yang
- Biotransformation, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Qian Ruan
- Biotransformation, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Carrie Xu
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Atsu Apedo
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Sarah C Traeger
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Lead Evaluation, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Kimberley A Lentz
- Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Giridhar Tirucherai
- Clinical Pharmacology, Immunology, Cardiovascular and Fibrosis, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5326, United States
| | - Lakshmi Sivaraman
- Nonclinical Safety Evaluation, Research & Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0191, United States
| | - Jeffrey Robl
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Bruce A Ellsworth
- Fibrosis Chemistry, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Glenn Rosen
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - David A Gordon
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Matthew G Soars
- Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Michael Gill
- Discovery Toxicology, Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Brian J Murphy
- Cardiovascular & Fibrosis Discovery Biology, Research & Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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Molecular Properties of Drugs Handled by Kidney OATs and Liver OATPs Revealed by Chemoinformatics and Machine Learning: Implications for Kidney and Liver Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101720. [PMID: 34684013 PMCID: PMC8538396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with liver or kidney disease, it is especially important to consider the routes of metabolism and elimination of small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Once in the blood, numerous drugs are taken up by the liver for metabolism and/or biliary elimination, or by the kidney for renal elimination. Many common drugs are organic anions. The major liver uptake transporters for organic anion drugs are organic anion transporter polypeptides (OATP1B1 or SLCO1B1; OATP1B3 or SLCO1B3), whereas in the kidney they are organic anion transporters (OAT1 or SLC22A6; OAT3 or SLC22A8). Since these particular OATPs are overwhelmingly found in the liver but not the kidney, and these OATs are overwhelmingly found in the kidney but not liver, it is possible to use chemoinformatics, machine learning (ML) and deep learning to analyze liver OATP-transported drugs versus kidney OAT-transported drugs. Our analysis of >30 quantitative physicochemical properties of OATP- and OAT-interacting drugs revealed eight properties that in combination, indicate a high propensity for interaction with "liver" transporters versus "kidney" ones based on machine learning (e.g., random forest, k-nearest neighbors) and deep-learning classification algorithms. Liver OATPs preferred drugs with greater hydrophobicity, higher complexity, and more ringed structures whereas kidney OATs preferred more polar drugs with more carboxyl groups. The results provide a strong molecular basis for tissue-specific targeting strategies, understanding drug-drug interactions as well as drug-metabolite interactions, and suggest a strategy for how drugs with comparable efficacy might be chosen in chronic liver or kidney disease (CKD) to minimize toxicity.
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30
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Izat N, Kaplan O, Celebier M, Sahin S. Bioanalytical Method Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Rifampicin in Liver Perfusion Studies. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200526115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The number of validated quantification methods for rifampicin, a prototypical Oatp inhibitor, in biological rat samples was limited.
Objective:
This study was conducted to validate a modified reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of rifampicin in rat liver tissue according to the current ICH M10 Bioanalytical Method Validation Draft Guideline (2019) for application to samples of in situ rat liver perfusion studies.
Methods:
Liver tissue samples were obtained from recirculatory in situ rat liver perfusion studies. The
analysis was performed on a C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.05 M phosphate buffer
(pH 4.58): acetonitrile (55:45, v/v). The assay was validated for selectivity, calibration curve and
range, matrix effect, carry-over, accuracy and precision, reinjection reproducibility, and stability.
Results:
he method was considered selective and stable, without having carry-over and matrix effects.
The calibration curve was linear (R2: 0.9983) within the calibration range (0.5-60 ppm). Accuracy and
precision values fulfilled the required limits. Liver concentrations of rifampicin in liver tissue, obtained
after 60 min perfusion with 10 μM and 50 μM of rifampicin, were 45.1 ± 11.2 and 313.4 ± 84.4 μM,
respectively.
Conclusion:
The bioanalytical method validation was completed and the method was successfully applied for the determination of rifampicin in rat liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Izat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey
| | - Ozan Kaplan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey
| | - Mustafa Celebier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey
| | - Selma Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey
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31
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Orlowski S, Mourad JJ, Gallo A, Bruckert E. Coronaviruses, cholesterol and statins: Involvement and application for Covid-19. Biochimie 2021; 189:51-64. [PMID: 34153377 PMCID: PMC8213520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The infectious power of coronaviruses is dependent on cholesterol present in the membranes of their target cells. Indeed, the virus enters the infected cell either by fusion or by endocytosis, in both cases involving cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains. These membrane domains can be disorganized in-vitro by various cholesterol-altering agents, including statins that inhibit cell cholesterol biosynthesis. As a consequence, numerous cell physiology processes, such as signaling cascades, can be compromised. Also, some examples of anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects of statins have been observed for infectious agents known to be cholesterol dependent. In-vivo, besides their widely-reported hypocholesterolemic effect, statins display various pleiotropic effects mediated, at least partially, by perturbation of membrane microdomains as a consequence of the alteration of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. It should thus be worth considering a high, but clinically well-tolerated, dose of statin to treat Covid-19 patients, in the early phase of infection, to inhibit virus entry into the target cells, in order to control the viral charge and hence avoid severe clinical complications. Based on its efficacy and favorable biodisposition, an option would be considering Atorvastatin, but randomized controlled clinical trials are required to test this hypothesis. This new therapeutic proposal takes benefit from being a drug repurposing, applied to a widely-used drug presenting a high efficiency-to-toxicity ratio. Additionally, this therapeutic strategy avoids any risk of drug resistance by viral mutation since it is host-targeted. Noteworthy, the same pharmacological approach could also be proposed to address different animal coronavirus endemic infections that are responsible for heavy economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Orlowski
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS UMR 9198, and CEA / DRF / Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric-Joliot / SB2SM, and Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Mourad
- Department of Internal Medicine and ESH Excellence Centre, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Endocrinology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Department of Endocrinology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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32
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Interactions between cardiology and oncology drugs in precision cardio-oncology. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1333-1351. [PMID: 34076246 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in treatment have transformed the management of cancer. Despite these advances, cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in cancer survivors. Cardio-oncology has recently evolved as a subspecialty to prevent, diagnose, and manage cardiovascular side effects of antineoplastic therapy. An emphasis on optimal management of comorbidities and close attention to drug interactions are important in cardio-oncologic care. With interdisciplinary collaboration among oncologists, cardiologists, and pharmacists, there is potential to prevent and reduce drug-related toxicities of treatments. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family of enzymes and the P-glycoprotein (P-g) transporter play a crucial role in drug metabolism and drug resistance. Here we discuss the role of CYP450 and P-g in drug interactions in the field of cardio-oncology, provide an overview of the cardiotoxicity of a spectrum of cancer agents, highlight the role of precision medicine, and encourage a multidisciplinary treatment approach for patients with cancer.
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33
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Tuerkova A, Ungvári O, Laczkó-Rigó R, Mernyák E, Szakács G, Özvegy-Laczka C, Zdrazil B. Data-Driven Ensemble Docking to Map Molecular Interactions of Steroid Analogs with Hepatic Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3109-3127. [PMID: 34105971 PMCID: PMC8243326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides—OATP1B1,
OATP1B3, and OATP2B1—are expressed at the basolateral membrane
of hepatocytes, being responsible for the uptake of a wide range of
natural substrates and structurally unrelated pharmaceuticals. Impaired
function of hepatic OATPs has been linked to clinically relevant drug–drug
interactions leading to altered pharmacokinetics of administered drugs.
Therefore, understanding the commonalities and differences across
the three transporters represents useful knowledge to guide the drug
discovery process at an early stage. Unfortunately, such efforts remain
challenging because of the lack of experimentally resolved protein
structures for any member of the OATP family. In this study, we established
a rigorous computational protocol to generate and validate structural
models for hepatic OATPs. The multistep procedure is based on the
systematic exploration of available protein structures with shared
protein folding using normal-mode analysis, the calculation of multiple
template backbones from elastic network models, the utilization of
multiple template conformations to generate OATP structural models
with various degrees of conformational flexibility, and the prioritization
of models on the basis of enrichment docking. We employed the resulting
OATP models of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1 to elucidate binding
modes of steroid analogs in the three transporters. Steroid conjugates
have been recognized as endogenous substrates of these transporters.
Thus, investigating this data set delivers insights into mechanisms
of substrate recognition. In silico predictions were complemented
with in vitro studies measuring the bioactivity of a compound set
on OATP expressing cell lines. Important structural determinants conferring
shared and distinct binding patterns of steroid analogs in the three
transporters have been identified. Overall, this comparative study
provides novel insights into hepatic OATP-ligand interactions and
selectivity. Furthermore, the integrative computational workflow for
structure-based modeling can be leveraged for other pharmaceutical
targets of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Tuerkova
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Drug Resistance Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Réka Laczkó-Rigó
- Drug Resistance Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Drug Resistance Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary.,Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Drug Resistance Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Nebot N, Won CS, Moreno V, Muñoz-Couselo E, Lee DY, Gasal E, Bouillaud E. Evaluation of the Effects of Repeat-Dose Dabrafenib on the Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin (OATP1B1/1B3 Substrate) and Midazolam (CYP3A4 Substrate). Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:1054-1063. [PMID: 33932130 PMCID: PMC8453865 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dabrafenib is an oral BRAF kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of various BRAF V600 mutation–positive solid tumors. In vitro observations suggesting cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A induction and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibition prompted us to evaluate the effect of dabrafenib 150 mg twice daily on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam 3 mg (CYP3A substrate) and rosuvastatin 10 mg (OATP1B1/1B3 substrate) in a clinical phase 1, open‐label, fixed‐sequence study in patients with BRAF V600 mutation–positive tumors. Repeat dabrafenib dosing resulted in a 2.56‐fold increase in rosuvastatin maximum observed concentration (Cmax), an earlier time to Cmax, but only a 7% increase in area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 (predose) extrapolated to infinite time. Midazolam Cmax and AUC extrapolated to infinite time decreased by 47% and 65%, respectively, with little effect on time to Cmax. No new safety findings were reported. Exposure of drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates is likely to decrease when coadministered with dabrafenib. Concentrations of medicinal products that are sensitive OATP1B1/1B3 substrates may increase during the absorption phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Nebot
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christina S Won
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Muñoz-Couselo
- VHIO - Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dung-Yang Lee
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eduard Gasal
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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35
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Zhang L, Sarangi V, Ho MF, Moon I, Kalari KR, Wang L, Weinshilboum RM. SLCO1B1: Application and Limitations of Deep Mutational Scanning for Genomic Missense Variant Function. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:395-404. [PMID: 33658230 PMCID: PMC8042483 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SLCO1B1 (solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1) is an important transmembrane hepatic uptake transporter. Genetic variants in the SLCO1B1 gene have been associated with altered protein folding, resulting in protein degradation and decreased transporter activity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of pharmacogenes is being applied increasingly to associate variation in drug response with genetic sequence variants. However, it is difficult to link variants of unknown significance with functional phenotypes using "one-at-a-time" functional systems. Deep mutational scanning (DMS) using a "landing pad cell-based system" is a high-throughput technique designed to analyze hundreds of gene open reading frame (ORF) missense variants in a parallel and scalable fashion. We have applied DMS to analyze 137 missense variants in the SLCO1B1 ORF obtained from the Exome Aggregation Consortium project. ORFs containing these variants were fused to green fluorescent protein and were integrated into "landing pad" cells. Florescence-activated cell sorting was performed to separate the cells into four groups based on fluorescence readout indicating protein expression at the single cell level. NGS was then performed and SLCO1B1 variant frequencies were used to determine protein abundance. We found that six variants not previously characterized functionally displayed less than 25% and another 12 displayed approximately 50% of wild-type protein expression. These results were then functionally validated by transporter studies. Severely damaging variants identified by DMS may have clinical relevance for SLCO1B1-dependent drug transport, but we need to exercise caution since the relatively small number of severely damaging variants identified raise questions with regard to the application of DMS to intrinsic membrane proteins such as organic anion transporter protein 1B1. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The functional implications of a large numbers of open reading frame (ORF) "variants of unknown significance" (VUS) in transporter genes have not been characterized. This study applied deep mutational scanning to determine the functional effects of VUS that have been observed in the ORF of SLCO1B1(s olute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1). Several severely damaging variants were identified, studied, and validated. These observations have implications for both the application of deep mutational scanning to intrinsic membrane proteins and for the clinical effect of drugs and endogenous compounds transported by SLCO1B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., M.-F.H., I.M., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (V.S., K.R.K.), and Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine (L.W., R.M.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vivekananda Sarangi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., M.-F.H., I.M., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (V.S., K.R.K.), and Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine (L.W., R.M.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ming-Fen Ho
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., M.-F.H., I.M., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (V.S., K.R.K.), and Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine (L.W., R.M.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Irene Moon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., M.-F.H., I.M., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (V.S., K.R.K.), and Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine (L.W., R.M.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., M.-F.H., I.M., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (V.S., K.R.K.), and Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine (L.W., R.M.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., M.-F.H., I.M., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (V.S., K.R.K.), and Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine (L.W., R.M.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (L.Z., M.-F.H., I.M., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (V.S., K.R.K.), and Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine (L.W., R.M.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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36
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Hayden ER, Chen M, Pasquariello KZ, Gibson AA, Petti JJ, Shen S, Qu J, Ong SS, Chen T, Jin Y, Uddin ME, Huang KM, Paz A, Sparreboom A, Hu S, Sprowl JA. Regulation of OATP1B1 Function by Tyrosine Kinase-mediated Phosphorylation. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4301-4310. [PMID: 33664059 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) is the most abundant and pharmacologically relevant uptake transporter in the liver and a key mediator of xenobiotic clearance. However, the regulatory mechanisms that determine OATP1B1 activity remain uncertain, and as a result, unexpected drug-drug interactions involving OATP1B1 substrates continue to be reported, including several involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OATP1B1-mediated activity in overexpressing HEK293 cells and hepatocytes was assessed in the presence of FDA-approved TKIs, while rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in the presence of an OATP1B1 inhibiting TKI were measured in vivo. Tyrosine phosphorylation of OATP1B1 was determined by LC/MS-MS-based proteomics and transport function was measured following exposure to siRNAs targeting 779 different kinases. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 46 FDA-approved TKIs studied significantly inhibit OATP1B1 function. Inhibition of OATP1B1 by TKIs, such as nilotinib, is predominantly noncompetitive, can increase systemic concentrations of rosuvastatin in vivo, and is associated with reduced phosphorylation of OATP1B1 at tyrosine residue 645. Using genetic screens and functional validation studies, the Src kinase LYN was identified as a potential regulator of OATP1B1 activity that is highly sensitive to inhibition by various TKIs at clinically relevant concentrations. CONCLUSIONS A novel kinase-dependent posttranslational mechanism of OATP1B1 activation was identified and interference with this process by TKIs can influence the elimination of a broad range of xenobiotic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Hayden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kyle Z Pasquariello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Alice A Gibson
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James J Petti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Su Sien Ong
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin M Huang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aviv Paz
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
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Camerino GM, Tarantino N, Canfora I, De Bellis M, Musumeci O, Pierno S. Statin-Induced Myopathy: Translational Studies from Preclinical to Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042070. [PMID: 33669797 PMCID: PMC7921957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are the most prescribed and effective drugs to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Nevertheless, these drugs can be responsible for skeletal muscle toxicity which leads to reduced compliance. The discontinuation of therapy increases the incidence of CVD. Thus, it is essential to assess the risk. In fact, many studies have been performed at preclinical and clinical level to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications of statin myotoxicity. Consequently, new toxicological aspects and new biomarkers have arisen. Indeed, these drugs may affect gene transcription and ion transport and contribute to muscle function impairment. Identifying a marker of toxicity is important to prevent or to cure statin induced myopathy while assuring the right therapy for hypercholesterolemia and counteracting CVD. In this review we focused on the mechanisms of muscle damage discovered in preclinical and clinical studies and highlighted the pathological situations in which statin therapy should be avoided. In this context, preventive or substitutive therapies should also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.M.C.); (N.T.); (I.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Nancy Tarantino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.M.C.); (N.T.); (I.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Ileana Canfora
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.M.C.); (N.T.); (I.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Michela De Bellis
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.M.C.); (N.T.); (I.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sabata Pierno
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.M.C.); (N.T.); (I.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Izat N, Sahin S. Hepatic transporter-mediated pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions: Recent studies and regulatory recommendations. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2021; 42:45-77. [PMID: 33507532 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions are one of the major mechanisms in pharmacokinetic-based drug interactions and correspondingly affecting drugs' safety and efficacy. Regulatory bodies underlined the importance of the evaluation of transporter-mediated interactions as a part of the drug development process. The liver is responsible for the elimination of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds via metabolism and biliary excretion. Therefore, hepatic uptake transporters, expressed on the sinusoidal membranes of hepatocytes, and efflux transporters mediating the transport from hepatocytes to the bile are determinant factors for pharmacokinetics of drugs, and hence, drug-drug interactions. In parallel with the growing research interest in this area, regulatory guidances have been updated with detailed assay models and criteria. According to well-established preclinical results, observed or expected hepatic transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions can be taken into account for clinical studies. In this paper, various methods including in vitro, in situ, in vivo, in silico approaches, and combinational concepts and several clinical studies on the assessment of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions were reviewed. Informative and effective evaluation by preclinical tools together with the integration of pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation can reduce unexpected clinical outcomes and enhance the success rate in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Izat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selma Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lee W, Ha JM, Sugiyama Y. Post-translational regulation of the major drug transporters in the families of organic anion transporters and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17349-17364. [PMID: 33051208 PMCID: PMC7863896 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.009132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) belong to the solute carrier (SLC) transporter superfamily and play important roles in handling various endogenous and exogenous compounds of anionic charge. The OATs and OATPs are often implicated in drug therapy by impacting the pharmacokinetics of clinically important drugs and, thereby, drug exposure in the target organs or cells. Various mechanisms (e.g. genetic, environmental, and disease-related factors, drug-drug interactions, and food-drug interactions) can lead to variations in the expression and activity of the anion drug-transporting proteins of OATs and OATPs, possibly impacting the therapeutic outcomes. Previous investigations mainly focused on the regulation at the transcriptional level and drug-drug interactions as competing substrates or inhibitors. Recently, evidence has accumulated that cellular trafficking, post-translational modification, and degradation mechanisms serve as another important layer for the mechanisms underlying the variations in the OATs and OATPs. This review will provide a brief overview of the major OATs and OATPs implicated in drug therapy and summarize recent progress in our understanding of the post-translational modifications, in particular ubiquitination and degradation pathways of the individual OATs and OATPs implicated in drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Ha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Roman DL, Isvoran A, Filip M, Ostafe V, Zinn M. In silico Assessment of Pharmacological Profile of Low Molecular Weight Oligo-Hydroxyalkanoates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:584010. [PMID: 33324621 PMCID: PMC7726197 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.584010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a large class of polyesters that are biosynthesized by microorganisms at large molecular weights (Mw > 80 kDa) and have a great potential for medical applications because of their recognized biocompatibility. Among PHAs, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(4-hydroxyvalerate), and their copolymers are proposed to be used in biomedicine, but only poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) has been certified for medical application. Along with the hydrolysis of these polymers, low molecular weight oligomers are released typically. In this study, we have used a computational approach to assess the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)-Tox profiles of low molecular weight oligomers (≤32 units) consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 4-hydroxyvalerate, 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, and the hypothetical PHA consisting of 4-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxyvalerate. According to our simulations, these oligomers do not show cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity or mutagenicity, and are neither substrates nor inhibitors of the cytochromes involved in the xenobiotic's metabolism. They also do not affect the human organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2). However, they are considered to be inhibitors of the organic anion transporters OATP1B1, and OATP1B3. In addition, they may produce eye irritation, and corrosion, skin irritation and have a low antagonistic effect on the androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Larisa Roman
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adriana Isvoran
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mǎdǎlina Filip
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vasile Ostafe
- Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Manfred Zinn
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Delémont, Switzerland
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Scutellarin is Highly Likely to be Responsible for Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Hepatic Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide1B3. Pharm Res 2020; 37:232. [PMID: 33123800 PMCID: PMC7595966 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Scutellarin, a flavonoid derived from the plant Erigeron breviscapus, is currently widely used to treat cerebrovascular diseases, liver-related diseases, and hyperlipidemia in china and other East Asian countries. This study was to investigate the effect of scutellarin on the uptake of rosuvastatin in HEK293T cells expressing human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (hOATP1B3) and rat OATP1B2 (rOATP1B2), respectively, and the effect of scutellarin on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats. Methods The newly established HEK293T cells expressing hOATP1B3 and rOATP1B2 were used to examine the effects of scutellarin and positive controls on in vitro rosuvastatin transport. After co-feeding with scutellarin, the rosuvastatin area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0–24h), the peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), time to reach Cmax (tmax), clearance (CL) and apparent clearance (CL/F) of rosuvastatin were determined in rats. Results Scutellarin inhibited hOATP1B3- and rOATP1B2-mediated rosuvastatin uptake (IC50: 45.54 ± 6.67 μM and 27.58 ± 3.97 μM) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. After co-feeding with scutellarin, the AUC0–24h and Cmax of rosuvastatin in rats increased to 27.4% and 37.7%, respectively. The t1/2 and tmax of rosuvastatin showed no significant change. Moreover, scutellarin caused 29.2% and 28.1% decrease in the CL and CL/F of rosuvastatin. Conclusion Scutellarin may inhibit the hOATP1B3- and rOATP1B2-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vitro, and exerts a moderate inhibitory effect on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats. Scutellarin is highly likely to participate in drug-drug interactions, as mediated by OATP1B3 in humans.
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Kee PS, Chin PKL, Kennedy MA, Maggo SDS. Pharmacogenetics of Statin-Induced Myotoxicity. Front Genet 2020; 11:575678. [PMID: 33193687 PMCID: PMC7596698 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.575678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, a class of lipid-lowering medications, have been a keystone treatment in cardiovascular health. However, adverse effects associated with statin use impact patient adherence, leading to statin discontinuation. Statin-induced myotoxicity (SIM) is one of the most common adverse effects, prevalent across all ages, genders, and ethnicities. Although certain demographic cohorts carry a higher risk, the impaired quality of life attributed to SIM is significant. The pathogenesis of SIM remains to be fully elucidated, but it is clear that SIM is multifactorial. These factors include drug-drug interactions, renal or liver dysfunction, and genetics. Genetic-inferred risk for SIM was first reported by a landmark genome-wide association study, which reported a higher risk of SIM with a polymorphism in the SLCO1B1 gene. Since then, research associating genetic factors with SIM has expanded widely and has become one of the foci in the field of pharmacogenomics. This review provides an update on the genetic risk factors associated with SIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Siu Kee
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simran D. S. Maggo
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Buxhofer-Ausch V, Német O, Sheikh M, Andrikovics H, Reiner A, Ausch C, Mechtcheriakova D, Tordai A, Gleiss A, Özvegy-Laczka C, Jäger W, Thalhammer T. Two common polymorphic variants of OATP4A1 as potential risk factors for colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:252. [PMID: 32994815 PMCID: PMC7509609 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in the organic-anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)-encoding solute carrier of organic anions (SLCO) genes can promote cancer development and progression. The overexpression of solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 (OATP4A1), a transporter for steroid hormones, prostaglandins, and bile acids, has been previously associated with tumor recurrence and progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between 2 frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLCO4A1 (rs34419428, R70Q; rs1047099G, V78I) and CRC predisposition. Following restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR analysis in 178 patients with CRC [Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage I/II] and 65 healthy controls, no significant difference was observed in allele frequency and the number of heterozygous/homozygous individuals between the groups. Notably, the R70Q minor allele was identified to be associated with the V78I minor allele in the genome. Comparing of the individual genotypes of CRC patients to clinical data, including sex, UICC-stage and relapse revealed no increased risk for CRC. In addition, the OATP4A1 immunoreactivity assay in paraffin-embedded CRC and adjacent non-tumorous mucosa sections, examined using quantitative microscopy image analysis, did not reveal any association with these polymorphisms. No significant differences were observed in the expression levels, localization, and sodium fluorescein transport capacity among the OATP4A1 variants, which was studied using functional assays in Sf9-insect and A431 tumor cells overexpressing the 2 single and a double mutant OATP4A1 SNP variants. These results suggested that the 2 most frequent polymorphisms located in the first intracellular loop of OATP4A1 do not associate with CRC predisposition and tumor recurrence. They are unlikely to affect the outcome of CRC in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Department of Internal Medicine I with Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz der Elisabethinen, A-4020 Linz, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Orsolya Német
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Majdah Sheikh
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hajnalka Andrikovics
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Central Hospital of Southern Pest, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angelika Reiner
- Department of Pathology, Donauspital/Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Ost, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Ausch
- Department of Surgery, Krankenhaus Göttlicher Heiland, A-1170 Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Tordai
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas Gleiss
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Thalhammer
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Garrison DA, Talebi Z, Eisenmann ED, Sparreboom A, Baker SD. Role of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E856. [PMID: 32916864 PMCID: PMC7559291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to recognize important features of a drug's pharmacokinetic characteristics is a key cause of inappropriate dose and schedule selection, and can lead to reduced efficacy and increased rate of adverse drug reactions requiring medical intervention. As oral chemotherapeutic agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are particularly prone to cause drug-drug interactions as many drugs in this class are known or suspected to potently inhibit the hepatic uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the published literature and publicly-available regulatory documents in this rapidly emerging field. Our findings indicate that, while many TKIs can potentially inhibit the function of OATP1B1 and/or OATP1B3 and cause clinically-relevant drug-drug interactions, there are many inconsistencies between regulatory documents and the published literature. Potential explanations for these discrepant observations are provided in order to assist prescribing clinicians in designing safe and effective polypharmacy regimens, and to provide researchers with insights into refining experimental strategies to further predict and define the translational significance of TKI-mediated drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (E.D.E.)
| | - Sharyn D. Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (E.D.E.)
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Extrahepatic Drug Transporters in Liver Failure: Focus on Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165737. [PMID: 32785140 PMCID: PMC7461118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging information suggests that liver pathological states may affect the expression and function of membrane transporters in the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney. Altered status of the transporters could affect drug as well as endogenous compounds handling with subsequent clinical consequences. It seems that changes in intestinal and kidney transporter functions provide the compensatory activity of eliminating endogenous compounds (e.g., bile acids) generated and accumulated due to liver dysfunction. A literature search was conducted on the Ovid and PubMed databases to select relevant in vitro, animal and human studies that have reported expression, protein abundance and function of the gastrointestinal and kidney operating ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters and SLC (solute carriers) carriers. The accumulated data suggest that liver failure-associated transporter alterations in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney may affect drug pharmacokinetics. The altered status of drug transporters in those organs in liver dysfunction conditions may provide compensatory activity in handling endogenous compounds, affecting local drug actions as well as drug pharmacokinetics.
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Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Patel M, Yang X, Lutz JD, Chu X, Brouwer KLR, Lai Y, Lee CA, Neuhoff S, Paine MF, Sugiyama Y, Taskar KS, Galetin A. Intestinal P-gp and Putative Hepatic OATP1B Induction: International Transporter Consortium Perspective on Drug Development Implications. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:55-64. [PMID: 32460379 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in transporter induction (i.e., decreased systemic drug exposure due to increased efflux-limited absorption or transporter-mediated clearance) as a mechanism of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), although evidence of clinical relevance is still evolving. Intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B (OATP1B) can be important determinants of drug absorption and disposition, as well as targets for DDIs. Current data indicate that intestinal P-gp protein levels can be induced up to threefold to fourfold in humans primarily with pregnane X receptor (PXR) activators, and that this induction can decrease the systemic exposure of drugs with P-gp efflux-limited absorption (e.g., ≤ 67% decrease in the exposure of total dabigatran following rifampin multiple oral dosing). Evaluation of the clinical relevance of P-gp induction as a DDI mechanism must consider the induction potential of the perpetrator drug for P-gp and attenuation of exposure of the victim drug in the context of its therapeutic window. Practical drug development recommendations are provided herein. Reports are contradictory on OATP1B induction by PXR activators in human hepatocytes and liver biopsies. Some clinical investigations demonstrated that rifampin pretreatment decreased exposure of OATP1B substrates, while other studies found no differences, and the potential involvement of other mechanisms in these observed DDIs cannot be definitively ruled out. Thus, further studies are needed to understand hepatic OATP1B induction and potential involvement of other mechanisms contributing to reduced exposure of OATP1B substrates. This review critically summarizes the state-of-the-art on intestinal P-gp and hepatic OATP1B induction, and highlights implications for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinning Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin D Lutz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & CO., Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Caroline A Lee
- Nonclinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Arena Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone, Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kunal S Taskar
- Drug Meabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, UK
| | - Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Choudhuri S, Klaassen CD. Elucidation of OATP1B1 and 1B3 transporter function using transgenic rodent models and commonly known single nucleotide polymorphisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 399:115039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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48
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Na Nakorn C, Waisayarat J, Dejthevaporn C, Srisawasdi P, Wongwaisayawan S, Sukasem C. Genetic Variations and Frequencies of the Two Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 in the Thai Population. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:728. [PMID: 32581780 PMCID: PMC7289979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the variations and the frequencies of the SLCO1B1 gene in the Thai population. Methods Collected samples were categorized into five regions of Thailand. DNA samples were genotyped for two variants, c.388A>G and c.521T>C of the SLCO1B1, using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Results The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were not significantly different among the five regions. The most frequent haplotype was SLCO1B1*1b (frequency: 0.654), followed by *1a (frequency: 0.217), *15 (frequency: 0.128), and *5 (frequency: 0.001). We observed a similar frequency of OATP1B1 transporter phenotypes compared to other populations. 75.85% of the Thai subjects showed normal OATP1B1 activity, 22.5% showed intermediate OATP1B1 activity, and 1.58% showed low OATP1B1 activity. Conclusion This study reported the frequencies of the SLCO1B1 variants and the subsequent OATP1B1 activity in a large cohort of Thais that can provide important information for the guidance of personalized drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalitpon Na Nakorn
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jariya Waisayarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charungthai Dejthevaporn
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Wongwaisayawan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rheumatoid arthritis downregulates the drug transporter OATP1B1: Fluvastatin as a probe. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146:105264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Taniguchi T, Zanetti-Yabur A, Wang P, Usyk M, Burk RD, Wolkoff AW. Interindividual Diversity in Expression of Organic Anion Uptake Transporters in Normal and Cirrhotic Human Liver. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:739-752. [PMID: 32363323 PMCID: PMC7193130 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays an essential role in removing endogenous and exogenous compounds from the circulation. This function is mediated by specific transporters, including members of the family of organic anion transport proteins (OATPs) and the Na+-taurocholate transporting polypeptide (NTCP). In the present study, transporter protein expression was determined in liver samples from patients with cirrhosis or controls without liver disease. Five transporters (OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and NTCP) were studied. Transporter content in homogenates of human liver was quantified on western blots probed with transporter-specific antibodies in which a calibrated green fluorescent protein-tagged transporter standard was included. Liver samples from 21 patients with cirrhosis (hepatitis C in 17 and alcohol abuse in 4) and 17 controls without liver disease were analyzed. Expression of each of the transporters had a large spread, varying by an order of magnitude in cirrhotic and control livers. OATP1B1 was the most abundant transporter in controls (P < 0.01) but was significantly lower in cirrhotic livers as was NTCP expression (P < 0.01). There was little difference in transporter expression with respect to age or sex. Despite the large variability in transporter expression within a group, analysis in individuals showed that those with high or low expression of one transporter had a similar magnitude in expression of the others. Conclusion: Differences in transporter expression could explain unanticipated heterogeneity of drug transport and metabolism in individuals with and without liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Taniguchi
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Division of Hepatology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Alana Zanetti-Yabur
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Division of Hepatology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Pijun Wang
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Division of Hepatology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Mykhaylo Usyk
- Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Allan W Wolkoff
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Division of Hepatology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
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