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Seane EN, Nair S, Vandevoorde C, Joubert A. Mechanistic Sequence of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Radiation Treatment: An Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:602. [PMID: 38794172 PMCID: PMC11124271 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) have shown promising therapeutic outcomes in haematological malignancies such as leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma, with disappointing results in solid tumours when used as monotherapy. As a result, combination therapies either with radiation or other deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging agents have been suggested as ideal strategy to improve their efficacy in solid tumours. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that HDACis can sensitise malignant cells to both electromagnetic and particle types of radiation by inhibiting DNA damage repair. Although the radiosensitising ability of HDACis has been reported as early as the 1990s, the mechanisms of radiosensitisation are yet to be fully understood. This review brings forth the various protocols used to sequence the administration of radiation and HDACi treatments in the different studies. The possible contribution of these various protocols to the ambiguity that surrounds the mechanisms of radiosensitisation is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Neo Seane
- Department of Radiography, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7530, South Africa
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separate Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separate Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Department of Biophysics, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Anna Joubert
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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Pu J, Liu T, Wang X, Sharma A, Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Jiang L, Hou J. Exploring the role of histone deacetylase and histone deacetylase inhibitors in the context of multiple myeloma: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:45. [PMID: 38654286 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are a significant category of pharmaceuticals that have developed in the past two decades to treat multiple myeloma. Four drugs in this category have received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use: Panobinonstat (though canceled by the FDA in 2022), Vorinostat, Belinostat and Romidepsin. The efficacy of this group of drugs is attributed to the disruption of many processes involved in tumor growth through the inhibition of histone deacetylase, and this mode of action leads to significant anti-multiple myeloma (MM) activity. In MM, inhibition of histone deacetylase has many downstream consequences, including suppression of NF-κB signaling and HSP90, upregulation of cell cycle regulators (p21, p53), and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins including Bcl-2. Furthermore, HDACis have a variety of direct and indirect oxidative effects on cellular DNA. HDAC inhibitors enhance normal immune function, thereby decreasing the proliferation of malignant plasma cells and promoting autophagy. The various biological effects of inhibiting histone deacetylase have a combined or additional impact when used alongside other chemotherapeutic and targeted drugs for multiple myeloma. This helps to decrease resistance to treatment. Combination treatment regimens that include HDACis have become an essential part of the therapy for multiple myeloma. These regimens incorporate drugs from other important classes of anti-myeloma agents, such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), conventional chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and proteasome inhibitors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety data pertaining to the currently approved histone deacetylase inhibitors, as well as an explanation of the crucial function of histone deacetylase in multiple myeloma and the characteristics of the different histone deacetylase inhibitors. Moreover, it provides a concise overview of the most recent developments in the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors for treating multiple myeloma, as well as potential future uses in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pu
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Ting Liu
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Xuzhen Wang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Liping Jiang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Hou
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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3
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Jobst M, Hossain M, Kiss E, Bergen J, Marko D, Del Favero G. Autophagy modulation changes mechano-chemical sensitivity of T24 bladder cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115942. [PMID: 38042111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer cells possess unique adaptive capabilities: shaped by their environment, cells face a complex chemical mixture of metabolites and xenobiotics accompanied by physiological mechanical cues. These responses might translate into resistance to chemotherapeutical regimens and can largely rely on autophagy. Considering molecules capable of rewiring tumor plasticity, compounds of natural origin promise to offer valuable options. Fungal derived metabolites, such as bafilomycin and wortmannin are widely acknowledged as autophagy inhibitors. Here, their potential to tune bladder cancer cells´ adaptability to chemical and physical stimuli was assessed. Additionally, dietary occurring mycotoxins were also investigated, namely deoxynivalenol (DON, 0.1-10 µM) and fusaric acid (FA, 0.1-1 mM). Endowing a Janus' face behavior, DON and FA are on the one side described as toxins with detrimental health effects. Concomitantly, they are also explored experimentally for selective pharmacological applications including anticancer activities. In non-cytotoxic concentrations, bafilomycin (BAFI, 1-10 nM) and wortmannin (WORT, 1 µM) modified cell morphology and reduced cancer cell migration. Application of shear stress and inhibition of mechano-gated PIEZO channels reduced cellular sensitivity to BAFI treatment (1 nM). Similarly, for FA (0.5 mM) PIEZO1 expression and inhibition largely aligned with the modulatory potential on cancer cells motility. Additionally, this study highlighted that the activity profile of compounds with similar cytotoxic potential (e.g. co-incubation DON with BAFI or FA with WORT) can diverge substantially in the regulation of cell mechanotransduction. Considering the interdependence between tumor progression and response to mechanical cues, these data promise to provide a novel viewpoint for the study of chemoresistance and associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maliha Hossain
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janice Bergen
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Vuletić A, Mirjačić Martinović K, Spasić J. Role of Histone Deacetylase 6 and Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38258065 PMCID: PMC10818982 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), by deacetylation of multiple substrates and association with interacting proteins, regulates many physiological processes that are involved in cancer development and invasiveness such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Due to its ability to remove misfolded proteins, induce autophagy, and regulate unfolded protein response, HDAC6 plays a protective role in responses to stress and enables tumor cell survival. The scope of this review is to discuss the roles of HDCA6 and its implications for the therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). As HDAC6 is overexpressed in CRC, correlates with poor disease prognosis, and is not essential for normal mammalian development, it represents a good therapeutic target. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 impairs growth and progression without inducing major adverse events in experimental animals. In CRC, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to reduce tumor progression and enhance the therapeutic effect of other drugs. As HDAC6 is involved in the regulation of immune responses, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to improve antitumor immunity by increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, augmenting immune cell activity, and alleviating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, HDAC6 inhibitors may represent promising candidates to improve the effect of and overcome resistance to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Spasić
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Yan X, Feng L, Xu Z, Chen W, Yan H, Wu P, Ding C, Zhu X, Lu Y. Histone acetylation gene-based biomarkers as novel markers of the immune microenvironment in glioblastoma. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3511. [PMID: 37097165 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignant tumour with high intracranial morbidity, high malignancy and poor prognosis. Abnormal changes in histone acetylation are closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on histone acetylation in GBM. METHODS Whole-transcriptome sequencing data and clinical data of GBM patients were obtained through the TCGA database. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from GBM patients were obtained from GSE146711 in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Cell descending fractionation was first performed for scRNA-seq on GBM. The CellChat and PROGENy scores explore the impact of the histone acetylation pathway in GBM on intercellular chat and tumour pathways. The AddModuleScore function evaluates the enrichment score of histone acetylation in cells and divides them into high-histone acetylation and low-histone acetylation groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on the differential genes between different histone acetylation states, and the biological processes and pathways that may be affected by histone acetylation were evaluated. Based on this, a prognostic model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and survival analysis was performed to evaluate its prognostic performance. Finally, we also analysed the main effects of the constructed histone acetylation-related model on GBM immune infiltration by multiple methods, and analysed the main mutation data of its different subgroups. RESULTS GBM samples mainly include seven large cell populations: oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), myeloid, neoplastic, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, vascular and neurons. Cellchat and ProgenY scores revealed that in GBM tumours, histone acetylation interacts closely with multiple immune cells and tumour pathways. GO and KEGG analyses revealed the main impact proteins and pathway correlates of histone acetylation. Five histone acetylation genes were screened using LASSO analysis and a prognostic model was constructed. The results revealed that prognostic models were significant in the prognostic stratification of patients in both the training and validation groups of GBM patients. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that the mechanism of histone acetylation in GBM may be related to the immune infiltration of multiple effector immune cells. CONCLUSIONS Our histone acetylation-based biomarkers are closely associated with immune microenvironmental infiltration and functional mutations in multiple tumour pathways in GBM. This suggests that histone acetylation may reveal microscopic alterations in the tumour microenvironment, and may provide potential evidence and a research basis for the development of novel therapeutic targets for GBM. On this basis, a novel perspective on the spatial biology and immunological understanding of GBM is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyou Yan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Feng
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengbao Xu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panxing Wu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Ding
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanhao Zhu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yansong Lu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Xinchang County People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Shahriari Felordi M, Alikhani M, Farzaneh Z, Alipour Choshali M, Ebrahimi M, Aboulkheyr Es H, Piryaei A, Najimi M, Vosough M. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induced apoptosis by dissociation of c-FLIP/Ku70 complex in gastric cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2572-2582. [PMID: 37537749 PMCID: PMC10468655 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer properties of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are mediated via apoptosis induction, as well as inhibition of cell proliferation and histone deacetylase. Accumulation of stabilized cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP)/Ku70 complex in the cytoplasm inhibits apoptosis through interruption of extrinsic apoptosis pathway. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer role of EGCG in gastric cancer (GC) cells through dissociation of c-FLIP/Ku70 complex. MKN-45 cells were treated with EGCG or its antagonist MG149 for 24 h. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR. Protein expression of c-FLIP and Ku70 was analysed using western blot and immunofluorescence. Dissociation of c-FLIP/Ku70 complex as well as Ku70 translocation were studied by sub-cellular fractionation and co-immunoprecipitation. EGCG induced apoptosis in MKN-45 cells with substantial up-regulation of P53 and P21, down-regulation of c-Myc and Cyclin D1 as well as cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M check points. Moreover, EGCG treatment suppressed the expression of c-FLIP and Ku70, decreased their interaction while increasing the Ku70 nuclear content. By dissociating the c-FLIP/Ku70 complex, EGCG could be an alternative component to the conventional HDAC inhibitors in order to induce apoptosis in GC cells. Thus, its combination with other cancer therapy protocols could result in a better therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Shahriari Felordi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Mahmoud Alipour Choshali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Hamidreza Aboulkheyr Es
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell TherapyInstitute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Guzenko VV, Bachurin SS, Khaitin AM, Dzreyan VA, Kalyuzhnaya YN, Bin H, Demyanenko SV. Acetylation of p53 in the Cerebral Cortex after Photothrombotic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01183-z. [PMID: 37580538 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
p53 expression and acetylation are crucial for the survival and death of neurons in penumbra. At the same time, the outcome of ischemia for penumbra cells depends largely on the histone acetylation status, but the effect of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases on non-histone proteins like p53 is largely understudied. With combined in silico and in vitro approach, we have identified enzymes capable of acetylation/deacetylation, distribution, stability, and pro-apoptotic activity of p53 in ischemic penumbra in the course of post-stroke recovery, and also detected involved loci of acetylation in p53. The dynamic regulation of the acetylation of p53 at lysine 320 is controlled by acetyltransferase PCAF and histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC6. The in silico simulation have made it possible to suggest the acetylation of p53 at lysine 320 acetylation may facilitate the shuttling of p53 between the nucleus and cytoplasm in penumbra neurons. Acetylation of p53 at lysine 320 is more preferable than acetylation at lysine 373 and probably promotes survival and repair of penumbra neurons after stroke. Strategies to increase p53 acetylation at lysine 320 via increasing PCAF activity, inhibiting HDAC1 or HDAC6, inhibiting p53, or a combination of these interventions may have therapeutic benefits for stroke recovery and would be promising for neuroprotective therapy of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Guzenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - S S Bachurin
- Department of General and Clinical Biochemistry no.2, Rostov State Medical University, Nakhichevansky lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russia
| | - A M Khaitin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - V A Dzreyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Y N Kalyuzhnaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - He Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - S V Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachki ave., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
- Department of General and Clinical Biochemistry no.2, Rostov State Medical University, Nakhichevansky lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russia.
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Mao M, Song S, Li X, Lu J, Li J, Zhao W, Liu H, Liu J, Zeng B. Advances in epigenetic modifications of autophagic process in pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206406. [PMID: 37398657 PMCID: PMC10313199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by pulmonary arterial remodeling that results in increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular failure, and premature death. It is a threat to public health globally. Autophagy, as a highly conserved self-digestion process, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related (ATG) proteins in various diseases. The components of autophagy in the cytoplasm have been studied for decades and multiple studies have provided evidence of the importance of autophagic dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. The status of autophagy plays a dynamic suppressive or promotive role in different contexts and stages of pulmonary hypertension development. Although the components of autophagy have been well studied, the molecular basis for the epigenetic regulation of autophagy is less understood and has drawn increasing attention in recent years. Epigenetic mechanisms include histone modifications, chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, RNA alternative splicing, and non-coding RNAs, which control gene activity and the development of an organism. In this review, we summarize the current research progress on epigenetic modifications in the autophagic process, which have the potential to be crucial and powerful therapeutic targets against the autophagic process in pulmonary hypertension development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mao
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- Marketing Department, Shenzhen Reyson Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Nanjing Evertop Electronics Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Weifang Zhao
- Quality Management Department International Registration, North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (NCPC), Hebei Huamin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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9
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Pal D, Raj K, Nandi SS, Sinha S, Mishra A, Mondal A, Lagoa R, Burcher JT, Bishayee A. Potential of Synthetic and Natural Compounds as Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2808. [PMID: 37345145 PMCID: PMC10216849 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes that remove or add acetyl groups to lysine residues of histones, respectively. Histone deacetylation causes DNA to more snugly encircle histones and decreases gene expression, whereas acetylation has the opposite effect. Through these small alterations in chemical structure, HATs and HDACs regulate DNA expression. Recent research indicates histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) may be used to treat malignancies, including leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, virus-associated tumors, and multiple myeloma. These data suggest that HDACis may boost the production of immune-related molecules, resulting in the growth of CD8-positive T-cells and the recognition of nonreactive tumor cells by the immune system, thereby diminishing tumor immunity. The argument for employing epigenetic drugs in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is supported by evidence that both epigenetic changes and mutations in the epigenetic machinery contribute to AML etiology. Although hypomethylating drugs have been licensed for use in AML, additional epigenetic inhibitors, such as HDACis, are now being tested in humans. Preclinical studies evaluating the efficacy of HDACis against AML have shown the ability of specific agents, such as anobinostat, vorinostat, and tricostatin A, to induce growth arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and cell death. However, these inhibitors do not seem to be successful as monotherapies, but instead achieve results when used in conjunction with other medications. In this article, we discuss the mounting evidence that HDACis promote extensive histone acetylation, as well as substantial increases in reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in hematological malignant cells. We also evaluate the potential of various natural product-based HDACis as therapeutic agents to combat hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilipkumar Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495 009, India
| | - Khushboo Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495 009, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Council for Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Balisha 743 234, India
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Jack T. Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Hajdú B, Csabai L, Márton M, Holczer M, Korcsmáros T, Kapuy O. Oscillation of Autophagy Induction under Cellular Stress and What Lies behind It, a Systems Biology Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7671. [PMID: 37108830 PMCID: PMC10143760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main inducers of autophagy-dependent self-cannibalism, called ULK1, is tightly regulated by the two sensor molecules of nutrient conditions and energy status, known as mTOR and AMPK kinases, respectively. Recently, we developed a freely available mathematical model to explore the oscillatory characteristic of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 regulatory triangle. Here, we introduce a systems biology analysis to explain in detail the dynamical features of the essential negative and double-negative feedback loops and also the periodic repeat of autophagy induction upon cellular stress. We propose an additional regulatory molecule in the autophagy control network that delays some of AMPK's effect on the system, making the model output more consistent with experimental results. Furthermore, a network analysis on AutophagyNet was carried out to identify which proteins could be the proposed regulatory components in the system. These regulatory proteins should satisfy the following rules: (1) they are induced by AMPK; (2) they promote ULK1; (3) they down-regulate mTOR upon cellular stress. We have found 16 such regulatory components that have been experimentally proven to satisfy at least two of the given rules. Identifying such critical regulators of autophagy induction could support anti-cancer- and ageing-related therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hajdú
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Csabai
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Margita Márton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Holczer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UG, UK
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Rahman MA, Saikat ASM, Rahman MS, Islam M, Parvez MAK, Kim B. Recent Update and Drug Target in Molecular and Pharmacological Insights into Autophagy Modulation in Cancer Treatment and Future Progress. Cells 2023; 12:458. [PMID: 36766800 PMCID: PMC9914570 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that autophagy is a governed catabolic framework enabling the recycling of nutrients from injured organelles and other cellular constituents via a lysosomal breakdown. This mechanism has been associated with the development of various pathologic conditions, including cancer and neurological disorders; however, recently updated studies have indicated that autophagy plays a dual role in cancer, acting as a cytoprotective or cytotoxic mechanism. Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have shown that inhibiting autophagy enhances an anticancer medicine's effectiveness in various malignancies. Autophagy antagonists, including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have previously been authorized in clinical trials, encouraging the development of medication-combination therapies targeting the autophagic processes for cancer. In this review, we provide an update on the recent research examining the anticancer efficacy of combining drugs that activate cytoprotective autophagy with autophagy inhibitors. Additionally, we highlight the difficulties and progress toward using cytoprotective autophagy targeting as a cancer treatment strategy. Importantly, we must enable the use of suitable autophagy inhibitors and coadministration delivery systems in conjunction with anticancer agents. Therefore, this review briefly summarizes the general molecular process behind autophagy and its bifunctional role that is important in cancer suppression and in encouraging tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis regulation. We then emphasize how autophagy and cancer cells interacting with one another is a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Mobinul Islam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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12
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Appiah CO, Singh M, May L, Bakshi I, Vaidyanathan A, Dent P, Ginder G, Grant S, Bear H, Landry J. The epigenetic regulation of cancer cell recovery from therapy exposure and its implications as a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing disease recurrence. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:337-385. [PMID: 36990536 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of cancer therapy is the elimination of disease from patients. Most directly, this occurs through therapy-induced cell death. Therapy-induced growth arrest can also be a desirable outcome, if prolonged. Unfortunately, therapy-induced growth arrest is rarely durable and the recovering cell population can contribute to cancer recurrence. Consequently, therapeutic strategies that eliminate residual cancer cells reduce opportunities for recurrence. Recovery can occur through diverse mechanisms including quiescence or diapause, exit from senescence, suppression of apoptosis, cytoprotective autophagy, and reductive divisions resulting from polyploidy. Epigenetic regulation of the genome represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism integral to cancer-specific biology, including the recovery from therapy. Epigenetic pathways are particularly attractive therapeutic targets because they are reversible, without changes in DNA, and are catalyzed by druggable enzymes. Previous use of epigenetic-targeting therapies in combination with cancer therapeutics has not been widely successful because of either unacceptable toxicity or limited efficacy. The use of epigenetic-targeting therapies after a significant interval following initial cancer therapy could potentially reduce the toxicity of combination strategies, and possibly exploit essential epigenetic states following therapy exposure. This review examines the feasibility of targeting epigenetic mechanisms using a sequential approach to eliminate residual therapy-arrested populations, that might possibly prevent recovery and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana O Appiah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Manjulata Singh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lauren May
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ishita Bakshi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ashish Vaidyanathan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gordon Ginder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Steven Grant
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Harry Bear
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Joseph Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Liu YJ, Zeng SH, Qian WH, Tao MX, Zhu YY, Li JP. DNTTIP2 Expression is Associated with Macrophage Infiltration and Malignant Characteristics in Low-Grade Glioma. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:261-275. [PMID: 35370417 PMCID: PMC8965469 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s356326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-hong Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-hua Qian
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-xian Tao
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-ying Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-pin Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie-pin Li, Email
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HDAC6 Inhibition Extinguishes Autophagy in Cancer: Recent Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246280. [PMID: 34944907 PMCID: PMC8699196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is an essential process in cell recycling, and its involvement in cancer has been increasingly recognized in the last few decades. This mechanism acts as a double-edged sword in tumor progression and is known to either block or promote tumorigenesis in a context-specific manner. Its role in determining chemotherapeutic resistance makes it a potential target in cancer treatment. The two autophagic inhibitors hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are currently used in the clinic but cause several side effects in tumor patients. Since recent studies also show that epigenetic enzymes such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins are able to modulate autophagy, this review focuses on the ability of HDAC6 to actively regulate the autophagic process. We also explore the possibility of using HDAC6 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in adjuvant treatment or in combination with autophagic modulators to trigger this mechanism, thus avoiding the occurrence and effects of chemoresistance. Abstract Autophagy is an essential intracellular catabolic mechanism involved in the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles regulating cellular homeostasis and energy metabolism. Its activation enhances cellular tolerance to various stresses and is known to be involved in drug resistance. In cancer, autophagy has a dual role in either promoting or blocking tumorigenesis, and recent studies indicate that epigenetic regulation is involved in its mechanism of action in this context. Specifically, the ubiquitin-binding histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme HDAC6 is known to be an important player in modulating autophagy. Epigenetic modulators, such as HDAC inhibitors, mediate this process in different ways and are already undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we describe current knowledge on the role of epigenetic modifications, particularly HDAC-mediated modifications, in controlling autophagy in cancer. We focus on the controversy surrounding their ability to promote or block tumor progression and explore the impact of HDAC6 inhibitors on autophagy modulation in cancer. In light of the fact that targeted drug therapy for cancer patients is attracting ever increasing interest within the research community and in society at large, we discuss the possibility of using HDAC6 inhibitors as adjuvants and/or in combination with conventional treatments to overcome autophagy-related mechanisms of resistance.
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Omidkhah N, Ghodsi R. NO-HDAC dual inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113934. [PMID: 34700268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HDAC inhibitors and NO donors have both demonstrated independently broad therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. Borretto et al. presented the topic of NO-HDAC dual inhibitors for the first time in 2013 as an attractive new topic. Here we collected the general structure of all synthesized NO-HDAC dual inhibitors, lead compounds, synthesis methods and biological features of the most potent dual NO-HDAC inhibitor in each category with the intention of assisting in the synthesis and optimization of new drug-like compounds for diverse diseases. Based on studies done so far, NO-HDAC dual inhibitors have displayed satisfactory results against wound healing (3), heart hypertrophy (3), inflammatory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular illnesses (11a-11e) and cancer (6a-6o, 9a-9d, 10a-10d, 16 and 17). NO-HDAC dual inhibitors can have high therapeutic potential for various diseases due to their new properties, NO properties, HDAC inhibitor properties and also due to the effects of NO on HDAC enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Omidkhah
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Ghodsi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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Nano DNA Vaccine Encoding Toxoplasma gondii Histone Deacetylase SIR2 Enhanced Protective Immunity in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101582. [PMID: 34683874 PMCID: PMC8538992 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogen of toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), is a zoonotic protozoon that can affect the health of warm-blooded animals including humans. Up to now, an effective vaccine with completely protection is still inaccessible. In this study, the DNA vaccine encoding T. gondii histone deacetylase SIR2 (pVAX1-SIR2) was constructed. To enhance the efficacy, chitosan and poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic)-acid (PLGA) were employed to design nanospheres loaded with the DNA vaccine, denoted as pVAX1-SIR2/CS and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres. The pVAX1-SIR2 plasmids were transfected into HEK 293-T cells, and the expression was evaluated by a laser scanning confocal microscopy. Then, the immune protections of pVAX1-SIR2 plasmid, pVAX1-SIR2/CS nanospheres, and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres were evaluated in a laboratory animal model. The in vivo findings indicated that pVAX1-SIR2/CS and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres could generate a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response, as indicated by the regulated production of antibodies and cytokines, the enhanced maturation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression of dendritic cells (DCs), the induced splenocyte proliferation, and the increased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Furthermore, this enhanced immunity could obviously reduce the parasite burden in immunized animals through a lethal dose of T. gondii RH strain challenge. All these results propose that pVAX1-SIR2 plasmids entrapped in chitosan or PLGA nanospheres could be the promising vaccines against acute T. gondii infections and deserve further investigations.
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Schmitt HM, Fehrman RL, Maes ME, Yang H, Guo LW, Schlamp CL, Pelzel HR, Nickells RW. Increased Susceptibility and Intrinsic Apoptotic Signaling in Neurons by Induced HDAC3 Expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:14. [PMID: 34398198 PMCID: PMC8375002 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inhibition or targeted deletion of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is neuroprotective in a variety neurodegenerative conditions, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after acute optic nerve damage. Consistent with this, induced HDAC3 expression in cultured cells shows selective toxicity to neurons. Despite an established role for HDAC3 in neuronal pathology, little is known regarding the mechanism of this pathology. Methods Induced expression of an HDAC3-mCherry fusion protein in mouse RGCs was accomplished by transduction with AAV2/2-Pgk-HDAC3-mCherry. Increased susceptibility to optic nerve damage in HDAC3-mCherry expressing RGCs was evaluated in transduced mice that received acute optic nerve crush surgery. Expression of HDAC3-FLAG or HDAC3-mCherry was induced by nucleofection or transfection of plasmids into differentiated or undifferentiated 661W tissue culture cells. Immunostaining for cleaved caspase 3, localization of a GFP-BAX fusion protein, and quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate HDAC3-induced damage. Results Induced expression of exogenous HDAC3 in RGCs by viral-mediated gene transfer resulted in modest levels of cell death but significantly increased the sensitivity of these neurons to axonal damage. Undifferentiated 661W retinal precursor cells were resilient to induced HDAC3 expression, but after differentiation, HDAC3 induced GFP-BAX recruitment to the mitochondria and BAX/BAK dependent activation of caspase 3. This was accompanied by an increase in accumulation of transcripts for the JNK2/3 kinases and the p53-regulated BH3-only gene Bbc3/Puma. Cell cycle arrest of undifferentiated 661W cells did not increase their sensitivity to HDAC3 expression. Conclusions Collectively, these results indicate that HDAC3-induced toxicity to neurons is mediated by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Schmitt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel L. Fehrman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
| | - Margaret E. Maes
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Cassandra L. Schlamp
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Heather R. Pelzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, United States
| | - Robert W. Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Chen L, Fei Y, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Chen P, Pan L. Expression and prognostic analyses of HDACs in human gastric cancer based on bioinformatic analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26554. [PMID: 34232196 PMCID: PMC8270587 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancerous tumor, and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although comprehensive therapies of GC have been widely used in clinical set ups, advanced gastric cancer carries is characterized by poor prognosis, probably due to lack of effective prognostic biomarkers. Mammalian histone deacetylase family, histone deacetylases (HDACs), play significant roles in initiation and progression of tumors. Aberrant expression of HDACs is reported in many cancer types including gastric cancer, and may serve as candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets for GC patients.Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was used to explore mRNA levels of HDACs in GC. Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to determine the prognostic value of HDACs mRNA expression in GC. Genomic profiles including mutations of HDACs were retrieved from cBioPortal webserver. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING database. GeneMANIA was used to retrieve additional genes or proteins related to HDACs. R software was used for functional enrichment analyses.Analysis of mRNA levels of HDAC1/2/4/8/9 showed that they were upregulated in GC tissues, whereas HDAC6/10 was downregulated in GC tissues. Aberrant expression of HDAC1/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11 was all correlated with prognosis in GC. In addition, expression levels of HDACs were correlated with different Lauren classifications, and clinical stages, lymph node status, treatment, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status in GC.The findings of this study showed that HDAC members are potential biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis of gastric cancer. However, further studies should be conducted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Chen
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Yuchang Fei
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Peifeng Chen
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou
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Yap ZH, Kong WY, Azeez AR, Fang CM, Ngai SC. Anti-cancer Effects of Epigenetics Drugs Scriptaid and Zebularine in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1582-1591. [PMID: 34102995 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High relapse and metastasis progression in breast cancer patients have prompted the need to explore alternative treatments. Epigenetic therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy due to the reversibility of epigenome structures. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of epigenetic drugs scriptaid and zebularine in human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. METHODS First, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both drugs on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells was determined. Next, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were treated with scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both. After treatments, the anti-cancer effects were evaluated via cell migration assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptotic studies, which included histochemical staining and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the apoptotic genes. RESULTS Both epigenetic drugs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with 2 nM scriptaid, 8 µM zebularine and combination of 2 nM scriptaid and 2 µM zebularine. Both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells exhibited a reduction in cell migration after the treatments. In particular, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a significant reduction in cell migration (p < 0.05) after the treatments of zebularine and the combination of scriptaid and zebularine. Besides, cell cycle analysis demonstrated that scriptaid and the combination of both drugs could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, histochemical staining allowed the observation of apoptotic features, such as nuclear chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear chromatin fragmentation and cytoplasmic extension, in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells after the treatments. Further apoptotic studies revealed that the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were found in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with zebularine and MCF-7 cells treated with all drug regimens. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that scriptaid and zebularine are potential anti-cancer drugs, either single or in combination, for the therapy of breast cancer. Further investigations of the gene regulatory pathways directed by scriptaid and zebularine are definitely warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hung Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Wei Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Abdur Rahmaan Azeez
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
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Yang Y, Yan Y, Chen Z, Hu J, Wang K, Tang N, Li X, Zhou Z. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Romidepsin and Vorinostat Promote Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:160-168. [PMID: 34007797 PMCID: PMC8111102 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health challenge. HBV reactivation usually occurs in cancer patients after receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapies. Romidepsin (FK228) and vorinostat (SAHA) are histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) approved by the Food and Drug Administration as novel antitumor agents. The aim of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of HDACi treatment on HBV replication. METHODS To assess these effects, human hepatoma cell lines were cultured and cell viability after FK228 or SAHA treatment was measured by the CCK-8 cell counting kit-8 assay. Then, HBV DNA and RNA were quantified by real-time PCR and Southern blotting. Furthermore, analysis by western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry was performed. RESULTS FK228/SAHA treatment significantly promoted HBV replication and biosynthesis in both HBV-replicating cells and HBV-transgenic mouse model. Flow cytometry assay indicated that FK228/SAHA enhanced HBV replication by inducing cell cycle arrest through modulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. In addition, simultaneous inhibition of HDAC1/2 by FK228 promoted HBV replication more effectively than the broad spectrum HDAC inhibitor SAHA. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results demonstrate that cell cycle blockage plays an important role in FK228/SAHA-enhanced HBV replication, thus providing a potential avenue for rational use of HDACi in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Xiaosong Li, Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China. Tel: +86-23-68486780, E-mail: ; Zhi Zhou, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China. Tel: +86-23-62887067, E-mail:
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Xiaosong Li, Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China. Tel: +86-23-68486780, E-mail: ; Zhi Zhou, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China. Tel: +86-23-62887067, E-mail:
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21
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Luo Y, Li H. Structure-Based Inhibitor Discovery of Class I Histone Deacetylases (HDACs). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8828. [PMID: 33266366 PMCID: PMC7700698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising targets for epigenetic therapies for a range of diseases such as cancers, inflammations, infections and neurological diseases. Although six HDAC inhibitors are now licensed for clinical treatments, they are all pan-inhibitors with little or no HDAC isoform selectivity, exhibiting undesirable side effects. A major issue with the currently available HDAC inhibitors is that they have limited specificity and target multiple deacetylases. Except for HDAC8, Class I HDACs (1, 2 and 3) are recruited to large multiprotein complexes to function. Therefore, there are rising needs to develop new, hopefully, therapeutically efficacious HDAC inhibitors with isoform or complex selectivity. Here, upon the introduction of the structures of Class I HDACs and their complexes, we provide an up-to-date overview of the structure-based discovery of Class I HDAC inhibitors, including pan-, isoform-selective and complex-specific inhibitors, aiming to provide an insight into the discovery of additional HDAC inhibitors with greater selectivity, specificity and therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Wai Huan Dong lu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China;
| | - Huilin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Wai Huan Dong lu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China;
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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22
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Sugimoto Y, Katsumi Y, Iehara T, Kaneda D, Tomoyasu C, Ouchi K, Yoshida H, Miyachi M, Yagyu S, Kikuchi K, Tsuchiya K, Kuwahara Y, Sakai T, Hosoi H. The Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, OBP-801, Induces Apoptosis in Rhabdoid Tumors by Releasing the Silencing of NOXA. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1992-2000. [PMID: 32847975 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumor is an aggressive, early childhood tumor. Biallelic inactivation of the SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1)/integrase interactor 1 (INI1) gene is the only common genetic feature in rhabdoid tumors. Loss of SMARCB1 function results in downregulation of several tumor suppressor genes including p16, p21, and NOXA The novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, OBP-801, induces p21 and has shown efficacy against various cancers. In our study, OBP-801 strongly inhibited the cell growth of all rhabdoid tumor cell lines in WST-8 assay. However, Western blotting and cell-cycle analysis revealed that OBP-801 did not activate the P21-RB pathway in some cell lines. p21 knockout indicated that p21 did not dominate the OBP-801 antitumor effect in rhabdoid tumor cell lines. We discovered that OBP-801 induced NOXA expression and caspase-dependent apoptosis in rhabdoid tumor cell lines independent of TP53. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that OBP-801 acetylated histone proteins and recruited RNA polymerase II to the transcription start site (TSS) of the NOXA promotor. Moreover, OBP-801 recruited BRG1 and BAF155, which are members of the SWI/SNF complex, to the TSS of the NOXA promotor. These results suggest that OBP-801 epigenetically releases the silencing of NOXA and induces apoptosis in rhabdoid tumors. OBP-801 strongly inhibited tumor growth in human rhabdoid tumor xenograft mouse models in vivo Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and cleaved caspase-3 were stained in tumors treated with OBP-801. In conclusion, OBP-801 induces apoptosis in rhabdoid tumor cells by epigenetically releasing the silencing of NOXA, which is a key mediator of rhabdoid tumor apoptosis. The epigenetic approach for NOXA silencing with OBP-801 is promising for rhabdoid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kaneda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health care Organization (JCHO), Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tomoyasu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto City Hospital, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Miyachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yagyu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Kuwahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Kim S, Santhanam S, Lim S, Choi J. Targeting Histone Deacetylases to Modulate Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Graft-Versus-Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124281. [PMID: 32560120 PMCID: PMC7349873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the main therapeutic strategy for patients with both malignant and nonmalignant disorders. The therapeutic benefits of allo-HSCT in malignant disorders are primarily derived from the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, in which T cells in the donor graft recognize and eradicate residual malignant cells. However, the same donor T cells can also recognize normal host tissues as foreign, leading to the development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), which is difficult to separate from GvL and is the most frequent and serious complication following allo-HSCT. Inhibition of donor T cell toxicity helps in reducing GvHD but also restricts GvL activity. Therefore, developing a novel therapeutic strategy that selectively suppresses GvHD without affecting GvL is essential. Recent studies have shown that inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) not only inhibits the growth of tumor cells but also regulates the cytotoxic activity of T cells. Here, we compile the known therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors in preventing several stages of GvHD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we will also review the current clinical features of HDAC inhibitors in preventing and treating GvHD as well as maintaining GvL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (J.C.)
| | | | - Sora Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Jaebok Choi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (J.C.)
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24
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Kulka LAM, Fangmann PV, Panfilova D, Olzscha H. Impact of HDAC Inhibitors on Protein Quality Control Systems: Consequences for Precision Medicine in Malignant Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:425. [PMID: 32582706 PMCID: PMC7291789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications (PTM) in human cells and thus needs to be tightly regulated by the writers of this process, the histone acetyl transferases (HAT), and the erasers, the histone deacetylases (HDAC). Acetylation plays a crucial role in cell signaling, cell cycle control and in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are readers of the acetylation mark, enabling them to transduce the modification signal. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been proven to be efficient in hematologic malignancies with four of them being approved by the FDA. However, the mechanisms by which HDACi exert their cytotoxicity are only partly resolved. It is likely that HDACi alter the acetylation pattern of cytoplasmic proteins, contributing to their anti-cancer potential. Recently, it has been demonstrated that various protein quality control (PQC) systems are involved in recognizing the altered acetylation pattern upon HDACi treatment. In particular, molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are able to sense the structurally changed proteins, providing additional targets. Recent clinical studies of novel HDACi have proven that proteins of the UPS may serve as biomarkers for stratifying patient groups under HDACi regimes. In addition, members of the PQC systems have been shown to modify the epigenetic readout of HDACi treated cells and alter proteostasis in the nucleus, thus contributing to changing gene expression profiles. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins seem to play a potent role in transducing the signaling process initiating apoptosis, and many clinical trials are under way to test BRD inhibitors. Finally, it has been demonstrated that HDACi treatment leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, which may explain the effect of panobinostat, the latest FDA approved HDACi, in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in multiple myeloma. Therefore, proteins of these PQC systems provide valuable targets for precision medicine in cancer. In this review, we give an overview of the impact of HDACi treatment on PQC systems and their implications for malignant disease. We exemplify the development of novel HDACi and how affected proteins belonging to PQC can be used to determine molecular signatures and utilized in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Anna Michelle Kulka
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pia-Victoria Fangmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Panfilova
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heidi Olzscha
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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25
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Borgini M, Zamperini C, Poggialini F, Ferrante L, Summa V, Botta M, Fabio RD. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Nitric Oxide-Donor Largazole Prodrugs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:846-851. [PMID: 32435394 PMCID: PMC7236235 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine natural product Largazole is the most potent Class I HDAC inhibitor identified to date. Since its discovery, many research groups have been attracted by the structural complexity and the peculiar anticancer activity, due to its capability to discriminate between tumor cells and normal cells. Herein, we discuss the synthesis and the in vitro biological profile of hybrid analogues of Largazole, as dual HDAC inhibitor and nitric oxide (NO) donors, potentially useful as anticancer agents. In particular, the metabolic stability of the modified thioester moiety of Largazole, bearing the NO-donor function/s, the in vitro release of NO, and the antiproliferative activity in tumor cell lines are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Borgini
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Lead
Discovery Siena S.r.l., Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Summa
- IRBM
Science Park, Via Pontina Km 30.600, 00070 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Lead
Discovery Siena S.r.l., Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy
- Biotechnology
College of Science and Technology, Temple
University, BioLife Science
Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Romano Di Fabio
- Promidis, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
- IRBM
Science Park, Via Pontina Km 30.600, 00070 Pomezia, Italy
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26
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Xiang M, Jiang HG, Shu Y, Chen YJ, Jin J, Zhu YM, Li MY, Wu JN, Li J. Bisdemethoxycurcumin Enhances the Sensitivity of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Icotinib via Dual Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1536-1550. [PMID: 32226300 PMCID: PMC7097919 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type is intrinsic resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this study, we assessed whether the combination of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) and icotinib could surmount primary EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC cells and investigated its molecular mechanism. Results showed that the combination of BDMC and icotinib produced potently synergistic growth inhibitory effect on primary EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines H460 (EGFR wild-type and K-ras mutation) and H1781 (EGFR wild-type and Her2 mutation). Compared with BDMC or icotinib alone, the two drug combination induced more significant apoptosis and autophagy via suppressing EGFR activity and interaction of Sp1 and HDCA1/HDCA2, which was accompanied by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of DNA damage, and inhibition of cell migration and invasion. ROS inhibitor (NAC) and autophagy inhibitors (CQ or 3-MA) partially reversed BDMC plus icotinib-induced growth inhibitory effect on the NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, co-treatment with NAC attenuated the two drug combination-induced autophagy, apoptosis, DNA damage and decrease of cell migration and invasion ability. Also, 3-MA or CQ can abate the combination treatment-induced apoptosis and DNA damage, suggesting that there is crosstalk between different signaling pathways in the effect produced by the combination treatment. Our data indicate that BMDC has the potential to improve the treatment of primary EGFR-TKI resistant NISCLC that cannot be controlled with single-target agent, such as icotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - He-Guo Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Center of Medical Experiment, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yu-Min Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Mei-Yu Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Jian-Nong Wu
- Department of pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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27
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Molecular Determinants of Cancer Therapy Resistance to HDAC Inhibitor-Induced Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010109. [PMID: 31906235 PMCID: PMC7016854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACi) offer high potential for future cancer therapy as they can re-establish the expression of epigenetically silenced cell death programs. HDACi-induced autophagy offers the possibility to counteract the frequently present apoptosis-resistance as well as stress conditions of cancer cells. Opposed to the function of apoptosis and necrosis however, autophagy activated in cancer cells can engage in a tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting manner depending on mostly unclarified factors. As a physiological adaption to apoptosis resistance in early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy seems to resume a tumorsuppressive role that confines tumor necrosis and inflammation or even induces cell death in malignant cells. During later stages of tumor development, chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy seems to be reprogrammed by the cancer cell to prevent its elimination and support tumor progression. Consistently, HDACi-mediated activation of autophagy seems to exert a protective function that prevents the induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death in cancer cells. Thus, resistance to HDACi-induced cell death is often encountered in various types of cancer as well. The current review highlights the different mechanisms of HDACi-elicited autophagy and corresponding possible molecular determinants of therapeutic resistance in cancer.
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28
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Targeting Autophagy for Cancer Treatment and Tumor Chemosensitization. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101599. [PMID: 31635099 PMCID: PMC6826429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process that facilitates nutrient recycling from damaged organelles and other cellular components through lysosomal degradation. Deregulation of this process has been associated with the development of several pathophysiological processes, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, autophagy has opposing roles, being either cytoprotective or cytotoxic. Thus, deciphering the role of autophagy in each tumor context is crucial. Moreover, autophagy has been shown to contribute to chemoresistance in some patients. In this regard, autophagy modulation has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment and chemosensitization of tumors, and has already demonstrated positive clinical results in patients. In this review, the dual role of autophagy during carcinogenesis is discussed and current therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting autophagy for the treatment of cancer, both under preclinical and clinical development, are presented. The use of autophagy modulators in combination therapies, in order to overcome drug resistance during cancer treatment, is also discussed as well as the potential challenges and limitations for the use of these novel therapeutic strategies in the clinic.
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29
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Ge D, Han L, Yang F, Zhao N, Yang Y, Zhang H, Chen Y. Development of hydroxamate-based histone deacetylase inhibitors of bis-substituted aromatic amides with antitumor activities. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1828-1837. [PMID: 32180916 PMCID: PMC7053699 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we designed and synthesized a series of bis-substituted aromatic amide-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. In this study, we report the replacement of a bromine atom by different amides on the phenyl ring of the CAP region. Representative compounds 9d and 10k exhibited low nanomolar IC50 values against HDAC1, which were ten times lower than that of the positive control SAHA. The IC50 of 9d against the human A549 cancer cell line was 2.13 μM. Furthermore, 9d increased the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, 9d significantly arrested A549 cells at the G2/M phase and induced A549 cell apoptosis. Finally, molecular docking investigation rationalized the high potency of compound 9d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ge
- School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong Province 250022 , China . ;
| | - Lina Han
- School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong Province 250022 , China . ;
| | - Feifei Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong Province 250022 , China . ;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China .
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong Province 250022 , China . ;
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China .
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong Province 250022 , China . ;
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China .
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30
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Wawruszak A, Gumbarewicz E, Okon E, Jeleniewicz W, Czapinski J, Halasa M, Okla K, Smok-Kalwat J, Bocian A, Rivero-Muller A, Stepulak A. Histone deacetylase inhibitors reinforce the phenotypical markers of breast epithelial or mesenchymal cancer cells but inhibit their migratory properties. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8345-8358. [PMID: 31571991 PMCID: PMC6750858 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are a group of compounds that exhibit anticancer activity, but their significance and usefulness in breast cancer (BC) treatment are still controversial. The ability of cancer cells to invade and migrate is augmented by the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype – a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Changes in the expression level of different cadherins, so-called cadherin switches, have been used to monitor the EMT process in development and tumor progression, in particular migration and invasion potential. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of two HDIs – valproic acid (VPA) and vorinostat (SAHA) – on the migration potential of different BC cell types, as well as on EMT, or its reverse process – mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, progression by means of shift in epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression. Methods HDI treatment-induced expression of E- and N-cadherin at the mRNA and protein levels was evaluated by qPCR, Western blotting and immunostaining methods, respectively. BC cell proliferation and migration were assessed by BrdU, xCELLigence system and wound-healing assay. Results VPA and SAHA inhibited the proliferation and migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner, regardless of the BC cell type. Unawares, BC cells having a more mesenchymal phenotype (MDA-MB-468) were found to overexpress N-cadherin, whereas BC lines having an epithelial phenotype (T47D, MCF7) responded to HDI treatment by a significant increase of E-cadherin expression. Discussion We suggest that HDAC inhibition results in a more relaxed chromatin concomitant to an increase in the expression of already expressing genes. Conclusion By using multiple cancer cell lines, we conclude that HDI induction or reversal of EMT is not a universal mechanism, yet inhibition of cell migration is, and thus EMT should not be considered as the only measurement for tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gumbarewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Jeleniewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Czapinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Halasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Okla
- The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Artur Bocian
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Muller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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What sustains the multidrug resistance phenotype beyond ABC efflux transporters? Looking beyond the tip of the iceberg. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 46:100643. [PMID: 31493711 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of multidrug (MDR) efflux transporters that belong to the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) superfamily, represented an important breakthrough for understanding cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) and its possible overcoming. However, recent data indicate that drug resistant cells have a complex intracellular physiology that involves constant changes in energetic and oxidative-reductive metabolic pathways, as well as in the molecular circuitries connecting mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes. The aim of this review is to discuss the key molecular mechanisms of cellular reprogramming that induce and maintain MDR, beyond the presence of MDR efflux transporters. We specifically highlight how cancer cells characterized by high metabolic plasticity - i.e. cells able to shift the energy metabolism between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, to survive both the normoxic and hypoxic conditions, to modify the cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative-reductive metabolism, are more prone to adapt to exogenous stressors such as anti-cancer drugs and acquire a MDR phenotype. Similarly, we discuss how changes in mitochondria dynamics and mitophagy rates, changes in proteome stability ensuring non-oncogenic proteostatic mechanisms, changes in ubiquitin/proteasome- and autophagy/lysosome-related pathways, promote the cellular survival under stress conditions, along with the acquisition or maintenance of MDR. After dissecting the complex intracellular crosstalk that takes place during the development of MDR, we suggest that mapping the specific adaptation pathways underlying cell survival in response to stress and targeting these pathways with potent pharmacologic agents may be a new approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy against MDR tumors.
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Licochalcone A Suppresses the Proliferation of Osteosarcoma Cells through Autophagy and ATM-Chk2 Activation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132435. [PMID: 31269698 PMCID: PMC6651087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A, a flavonoid extracted from licorice root, has been shown to exhibit broad anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anticancer, and antioxidative bioactivity. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of Licochalcone A against human osteosarcoma cell lines. The data showed that Licochalcone A significantly suppressed cell viability in MTT assay and colony formation assay in osteosarcoma cell lines. Exposure to Licochalcone A blocked cell cycle progression at the G2/M transition and induced extrinsic apoptotic pathway in osteosarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, we found the Licochalcone A exposure resulted in rapid ATM and Chk2 activation, and high levels of nuclear foci of phosphorylated Chk2 at Thr 68 site in osteosarcoma cell lines. In addition, Licochalcone A exposure significantly induced autophagy in osteosarcoma cell lines. When Licochalcone A-induced autophagy was blocked by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, the expression of activated caspase-3 and Annexin V positive cells were reduced, and cell viability was rescued in Licochalcone A-treated osteosarcoma cell lines. These data indicate that the activation of ATM-Chk2 checkpoint pathway and autophagy may contribute to Licochalcone A-induced anti-proliferating effect in osteosarcoma cell lines. Our findings display the possibility that Licochalcone A may serve as a potential therapeutic agent against osteosarcoma.
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p53 at the Crossroads between Different Types of HDAC Inhibitor-Mediated Cancer Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102415. [PMID: 31096697 PMCID: PMC6567317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex genetic and epigenetic-based disease that has developed an armada of mechanisms to escape cell death. The deregulation of apoptosis and autophagy, which are basic processes essential for normal cellular activity, are commonly encountered during the development of human tumors. In order to assist the cancer cell in defeating the imbalance between cell growth and cell death, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been employed to reverse epigenetically deregulated gene expression caused by aberrant post-translational protein modifications. These interfere with histone acetyltransferase- and deacetylase-mediated acetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins, and thereby exert a wide array of HDACi-stimulated cytotoxic effects. Key determinants of HDACi lethality that interfere with cellular growth in a multitude of tumor cells are apoptosis and autophagy, which are either mutually exclusive or activated in combination. Here, we compile known molecular signals and pathways involved in the HDACi-triggered induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Currently, the factors that determine the mode of HDACi-elicited cell death are mostly unclear. Correspondingly, we also summarized as yet established intertwined mechanisms, in particular with respect to the oncogenic tumor suppressor protein p53, that drive the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in response to HDACi. In this context, we also note the significance to determine the presence of functional p53 protein levels in the cancer cell. The confirmation of the context-dependent function of autophagy will pave the way to improve the benefit from HDACi-mediated cancer treatment.
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Apoptosis Induction byHistone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Cells: Role of Ku70. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071601. [PMID: 30935057 PMCID: PMC6480544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that regulate gene transcription by controlling deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. Overexpression of HDACs is found in some types of tumors and predicts poor prognosis. Five HDAC inhibitors are approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors regulates gene expression with increased acetylated histones with unconfirmed connection with therapy. Apoptosis is a key mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors selectively kill cancer cells, probably due to acetylation of non-histone proteins. Ku70 is a protein that repairs DNA breaks and stabilizes anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP and proapoptotic protein Bax, which is regulated by acetylation. HDAC inhibitors induce Ku70 acetylation with repressed c-FLIP and activated Bax in cancer cells. Current studies indicate that Ku70 is a potential target of HDAC inhibitors and plays an important role during the induction of apoptosis.
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Role of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108790. [PMID: 30903920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) play important roles in protein methylation. PRMT5 is the major type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of two methyl groups symmetrically to the arginine residues of either histone or non-histone proteins. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that PRMT5, as an oncogene, plays an indispensable regulatory role in the pathological progression of several human cancers by promoting the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. PRMT5 is overexpressed in many malignant tumors and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer, which suggests that PRMT5 may become a potential biomarker or therapeutic target of cancer. This article reviews the biological function, mechanism, and clinical significance of PRMT5 in tumorigenesis.
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