1
|
Yu J, Hu X, Zhou L, Ye L, Zeng T, Du X, Gu L, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Wang H. Ectopic Expression of AetPGL from Aegilops tauschii Enhances Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation Capacity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2370. [PMID: 39273854 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that accumulates in plants, negatively affecting their physiological processes, growth, and development, and poses a threat to human health through the food chain. 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGL) is a key enzyme in the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway(OPPP) in plant cells, essential for cellular metabolism. The OPPP pathway provides energy and raw materials for organisms and is involved in antioxidant reactions, lipid metabolism, and DNA synthesis. This study describes the Cd responsive gene AetPGL from Aegilops tauschii. Overexpression of AetPGL under Cd stress increased main root length and germination rate in Arabidopsis. Transgenic lines showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the wild type. The transgenic Arabidopsis accumulated more Cd in the aboveground part but not in the underground part. Expression levels of AtHMA3, AtNRAMP5, and AtZIP1 in the roots of transgenic plants increased under Cd stress, suggesting AetPGL may enhance Cd transport from root to shoot. Transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway in AetPGL-overexpressing plants. Brassinosteroids (BR), Gibbenellin acid (GA), and Jasmonic acid (JA) contents significantly increased after Cd treatment. These results indicate that AetPGL may enhance Arabidopsis' tolerance to Cd by modulating plant hormone content. In conclusion, AetPGL plays a critical role in improving cadmium tolerance and accumulation and mitigating oxidative stress by regulating plant hormones, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant Cd tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaopan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lizhou Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lvlan Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tuo Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang WY, Bi JF, Hu JX, Li X. Metabolomics comparison of four varieties apple with different browning characters in response to pretreatment during pulp processing. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114600. [PMID: 38945570 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Browning commonly appeared in apple processing, which varied in different apple varieties. Present work investigated the metabolomics of four varieties apple of Yataka, Gala, Sansa, and Fuji, which possessed different browning characteristics and related enzymes. Sansa as browning insensitive apple variety, exhibited the least chroma change with the lowest PPO activity and the highest SOD activity among the four apple varieties. Browning inhibition pretreatment increased the activity of SOD and PAL and decreased PPO and POD activity. In addition, metabolomic variances among the four apple varieties (FC), their browning pulp (BR) and browning inhibition pulp (CM) were compared. And the key metabolites were in-depth analyzed to match the relevant KEGG pathways and speculated metabolic networks. There were 487, 644, and 494 significant differential metabolites detected in FC, BR and CM, which were consisted of lipids, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids, organheterocyclic compounds, organic acids, nucleosides, accounting for 23 %, 11 %, 15 %, 16 %, 11 % of the total metabolites. The differential metabolites were matched with 39, 49, and 36 KEGG pathways in FC, BR, and CM, respectively, in which other secondary metabolites biosynthesis metabolism was the most significant in FC, lipid metabolism was the most significant in BR and CM, and energy metabolism was markedly annotated in CM. Notably, Sansa displayed the highest number of differential metabolites in both its BR (484) and CM (342). The BR of Sansa was characterized by flavonoid biosynthesis, while the other three apple varieties were associated with α-linolenic acid metabolism. Furthermore, in browning sensitive apple varieties, the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly activated by browning inhibition pretreatment. Phenolic compounds, lipids, sugars, organic acids, nucleotides, and adenosine were regulated differently in the four apple varieties, potentially serving as key regulatory sites. Overall, this work provides novel insight for browning prevention in different apple varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yue Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin-Feng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jia-Xing Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei L, Hou X, Feng L, Liu Y, Kong Y, Cui A, Qiao Y, Hu D, Wang C, Liu H, Li C, Wei S, Liao W. SERK3A and SERK3B could be S-nitrosylated and enhance the salt resistance in tomato seedlings. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133084. [PMID: 38871104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Salinity hinders plant growth and development, resulting in reduced crop yields and diminished crop quality. Nitric oxide (NO) and brassinolides (BR) are plant growth regulators that coordinate a plethora of plant physiological responses. Nonetheless, the way in which these factors interact to affect salt tolerance is not well understood. BR is perceived by the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and its co-receptor BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1) to form the receptor complex, eventually inducing BR-regulated responses. To response stress, a wide range of NO-mediated protein modifications is undergone in eukaryotic cells. Here, we showed that BR participated in NO-enhanced salt tolerance of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) and NO may activate BR signaling under salt stress, which was related to NO-mediated S-nitrosylation. Further, in vitro and in vivo results suggested that BAK1 (SERK3A and SERK3B) was S-nitrosylated, which was inhibited under salt condition and enhanced by NO. Accordingly, knockdown of SERK3A and SERK3B reduced the S-nitrosylation of BAK1 and resulted in a compromised BR response, thereby abolishing NO-induced salt tolerance. Besides, we provided evidence for the interaction between BRI1 and SERK3A/SERK3B. Meanwhile, NO enhanced BRI1-SERK3A/SERK3B interaction. These results imply that NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of BAK1 enhances the interaction BRI1-BAK1, facilitating BR response and subsequently improving salt tolerance in tomato. Our findings illustrate a mechanism by which redox signaling and BR signaling coordinate plant growth in response to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xuemei Hou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li Feng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yayu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Aiyin Cui
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yali Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dongliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Changxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 100 East University Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shouhui Wei
- Spice Crops Research Institute, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui S, Zhou X, Xiao G, Feng H. Genomic Analysis of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Gene Family Reveals Its Roles in Cotton Development across Gossypium Species. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:380. [PMID: 38927259 PMCID: PMC11200700 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cotton is a globally significant economic crop. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are crucial to cotton development. This study systematically analyzed the BR synthase gene family in four cotton species and identified 60 BR genes: 20 in Gossypium hirsutum (GhBRs), 20 in G. barbadense (GbBRs), 10 in G. arboreum (GaBRs), and 10 in G. raimondii (GrBRs). The analysis was extended to chromosomal localization, evolutionary relationships, domain features, and cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions of BR synthase genes. The results showed that the BR synthase genes were evenly distributed across different subgenomes and chromosomes. Bioinformatics analyses revealed high conservation of amino acid sequences, secondary structures, and conserved domains among the subfamily members, which is closely linked to their pivotal roles in the BR biosynthesis pathway. Cis-element distribution analysis of the BR synthase genes further underscored the complexity of BR gene expression regulation, which is influenced by multiple factors, including plant hormones, abiotic stress, and transcription factors. Expression profiling of GhBRs genes in various cotton tissues and developmental stages highlighted the key roles of GhROT3-1 and GhDET2-1 in fiber elongation and initiation, respectively. Protein-protein interactions and transcription factor analyses further elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of GhROT3-1 and GhDET2-1 in cotton growth and development. This study lays a theoretical foundation for understanding the role of the BR signaling pathway in cotton development, facilitating molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Cui
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Hongjie Feng
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Y, Wu J, Lin J, Liu Z, Mao Z, Qian C, Zhong X. CcNAC6 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis in Sudan Grass ( Sorghum sudanense S.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1352. [PMID: 38794423 PMCID: PMC11125125 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The degree of forage lignification is a key factor affecting its digestibility by ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense S.) is a high-quality sorghum forage, and its lignocellulose is mostly stored in the secondary cell wall. However, the secondary cell wall synthesis mechanism of Sudan grass has not yet been studied in depth. To further study the secondary cell wall synthesis mechanism of Sudan grass using established transcriptome data, this study found that CcNAC6, a homologous gene of Arabidopsis AtSND2, is related to the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass. Accordingly, we constructed a CcNAC6-overexpressing line of Arabidopsis to investigate the function of the CcNAC6 gene in secondary cell wall synthesis. The results showed that the overexpression of the CcNAC6 gene could significantly increase the lignin content of Arabidopsis. Based on subcellular localization analysis, CcNAC6 is found in the nucleus. In addition, yeast two-hybridization screening showed that CcCP1, associated with secondary cell wall synthesis, can interact with CcNAC6. Therefore, the above results indicate that CcNAC6 has a positive regulatory effect on the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass, and it is speculated that CcNAC6 may be the main regulator of the secondary cell wall synthesis of Sudan grass through its interaction with another regulatory protein, CcCP1. This study provides a theoretical basis and new genetic resources for the creation of new Sudan grass germplasm with a low lignin content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Huang
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Juanzi Wu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jianyu Lin
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhengfeng Mao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Chen Qian
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoxian Zhong
- National Forage Breeding Innovation Base (JAAS), Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.H.); (J.W.); (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Li Y, Geng L, Wang J, Ouyang Y, Li J. Genome-wide methylation, transcriptome and characteristic metabolites reveal the balance between diosgenin and brassinosteroids in Dioscorea zingiberensis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae056. [PMID: 38659444 PMCID: PMC11040209 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG) is a bioactive metabolite isolated from Dioscorea species, renowned for its medicinal properties. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of crucial plant steroidal hormones. Cholesterol and campesterol are important intermediates of DG and BR biosynthesis, respectively. DG and BRs are structurally similar components; however, the regulatory network and metabolic interplays have not been fully elucidated. In an effort to decode these complex networks, we conducted a comprehensive study integrating genome-wide methylation, transcriptome and characteristic metabolite data from Dioscorea zingiberensis. Leveraging these data, we were able to construct a comprehensive regulatory network linking DG and BRs. Mass spectrometry results enabled us to clarify the alterations in cholesterol, campesterol, diosgenin, and castasterone (one of the major active BRs). The DG content decreased by 27.72% at 6 h after brassinolide treatment, whereas the content increased by 85.34% at 6 h after brassinazole treatment. Moreover, we pinpointed DG/BR-related genes, such as CASs, CYP90s, and B3-ARFs, implicated in the metabolic pathways of DG and BRs. Moreover, CASs and CYP90s exhibit hypomethylation, which is closely related to their high transcription. These findings provide robust evidence for the homeostasis between DG and BRs. In conclusion, our research revealed the existence of a balance between DG and BRs in D. zingiberensis. Furthermore, our work not only provides new insights into the relationship between the two pathways but also offers a fresh perspective on the functions of secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Luyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yidan Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tong J, Zhao W, Wang K, Deng D, Xiao L. Organ-level distribution tandem mass spectrometry analysis of three structural types of brassinosteroids in rapeseed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1308781. [PMID: 38516662 PMCID: PMC10956354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1308781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of naturally occurring steroidal phytohormones mediating a wide range of pivotal developmental and physiological functions throughout the plant's life cycle. Therefore, it is of great significance to determine the content and the distribution of BRs in plants.Regretfully, although a large number of quantitative methods for BRs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have been reported, the in planta distribution of BRs is still unclear because of their lower contents in plant tissues and the lack of effective ionizable groups in their chemical structures. Methods We stablished a novel analytical method of BRs based on C18 cartridge solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification, 4-(dimethylamino)-phenylboronic acid (DMAPBA) derivatization, and online valve-switching system coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). This method has been used to quantify three structural types of BRs (epibrassinolide, epicastasterone, and 6-deoxo-24-epicastaster one) in different organs of Brassica napus L. (rapeseed). Results We obtained the contents of three structural types of BRs in various organ tissues of rapeseed. The contents of three BRs in rapeseed flowers were the highest, followed by tender pods. The levels of three BRs all decreased during the maturation of the organs. We outlined the spatial distribution maps of three BRs in rapeseed based on these results, so as to understand the spatial distribution of BRs at the visual level. Conclusions Our results provided useful information for the precise in situ localization of BRs in plants and the metabolomic research of BRs in future work. The in planta spatial distribution of BRs at the visual level has been studied for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Laboratory of Yuelu Mountain, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenkui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Keming Wang
- Assets and Laboratory Management Department, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyi Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Laboratory of Yuelu Mountain, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Laboratory of Yuelu Mountain, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Sun H, Wang Y, Fan D, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Zhong K, Yang H, Chang W, Cao S. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the BES1 Family Genes under Abiotic Stresses in Phoebe bournei. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3072. [PMID: 38474317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The BRI1 EMS suppressor 1(BES1) transcription factor is a crucial regulator in the signaling pathway of Brassinosteroid (BR) and plays an important role in plant growth and response to abiotic stress. Although the identification and functional validation of BES1 genes have been extensively explored in various plant species, the understanding of their role in woody plants-particularly the endangered species Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang-remains limited. In this study, we identified nine members of the BES1 gene family in the genome of P. bournei; these nine members were unevenly distributed across four chromosomes. In our further evolutionary analysis of PbBES1, we discovered that PbBES1 can be divided into three subfamilies (Class I, Class II, and Class IV) based on the evolutionary tree constructed with Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Solanum lycopersicum. Each subfamily contains 2-5 PbBES1 genes. There were nine pairs of homologous BES1 genes in the synteny analysis of PbBES1 and AtBES1. Three segmental replication events and one pair of tandem duplication events were present among the PbBES1 family members. Additionally, we conducted promoter cis-acting element analysis and discovered that PbBES1 contains binding sites for plant growth and development, cell cycle regulation, and response to abiotic stress. PbBES1.2 is highly expressed in root bark, stem bark, root xylem, and stem xylem. PbBES1.3 was expressed in five tissues. Moreover, we examined the expression profiles of five representative PbBES1 genes under heat and drought stress. These experiments preliminarily verified their responsiveness and functional roles in mediating responses to abiotic stress. This study provides important clues to elucidate the functional characteristics of the BES1 gene family, and at the same time provides new insights and valuable information for the regulation of resistance in P. bournei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dunjin Fan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiangyonghao Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Laboratory of Virtual Teaching and Research on Forest Therapy Specialty of Taiwan Strait, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiyin Chang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Laboratory of Virtual Teaching and Research on Forest Therapy Specialty of Taiwan Strait, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hembach L, Niemeyer PW, Schmitt K, Zegers JMS, Scholz P, Brandt D, Dabisch JJ, Valerius O, Braus GH, Schwarzländer M, de Vries J, Rensing SA, Ischebeck T. Proteome plasticity during Physcomitrium patens spore germination - from the desiccated phase to heterotrophic growth and reconstitution of photoautotrophy. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1466-1486. [PMID: 38059656 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of moss spores is considered a milestone in plant evolution. They harbor protein networks underpinning desiccation tolerance and accumulation of storage compounds that can be found already in algae and that are also utilized in seeds and pollen. Furthermore, germinating spores must produce proteins that drive the transition through heterotrophic growth to the autotrophic plant. To get insight into the plasticity of this proteome, we investigated it at five timepoints of moss (Physcomitrium patens) spore germination and in protonemata and gametophores. The comparison to previously published Arabidopsis proteome data of seedling establishment showed that not only the proteomes of spores and seeds are functionally related, but also the proteomes of germinating spores and young seedlings. We observed similarities with regard to desiccation tolerance, lipid droplet proteome composition, control of dormancy, and β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle. However, there were also striking differences. For example, spores lacked any obvious storage proteins. Furthermore, we did not detect homologs to the main triacylglycerol lipase in Arabidopsis seeds, SUGAR DEPENDENT1. Instead, we discovered a triacylglycerol lipase of the oil body lipase family and a lipoxygenase as being the overall most abundant proteins in spores. This finding indicates an alternative pathway for triacylglycerol degradation via oxylipin intermediates in the moss. The comparison of spores to Nicotiana tabacum pollen indicated similarities for example in regards to resistance to desiccation and hypoxia, but the overall developmental pattern did not align as in the case of seedling establishment and spore germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hembach
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp W Niemeyer
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jaccoline M S Zegers
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dennis Brandt
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Janis J Dabisch
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng HY, Wang W, Wang W, Yang MY, Zhou YY. Interkingdom Hormonal Regulations between Plants and Animals Provide New Insight into Food Safety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4-26. [PMID: 38156955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Food safety has become an attractive topic among consumers. Raw material production for food is also a focus of social attention. As hormones are widely used in agriculture and human disease control, consumers' concerns about the safety of hormone agents have never disappeared. The present review focuses on the interkingdom regulations of exogenous animal hormones in plants and phytohormones in animals, including physiology and stress resistance. We summarize these interactions to give the public, researchers, and policymakers some guidance and suggestions. Accumulated evidence demonstrates comprehensive hormonal regulation across plants and animals. Animal hormones, interacting with phytohormones, help regulate plant development and enhance environmental resistance. Correspondingly, phytohormones may also cause damage to the reproductive and urinary systems of animals. Notably, the disease-resistant role of phytohormones is revealed against neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. These resistances derive from the control for abnormal cell cycle, energy balance, and activity of enzymes. Further exploration of these cross-kingdom mechanisms would surely be of greater benefit to human health and agriculture development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Human Development Family Studies, Iowa State University, 2330 Palmer Building, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mu-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Costa PS, Ferraz RLS, Dantas-Neto J, Martins VD, Viégas PRA, Meira KS, Ndhlala AR, Azevedo CAV, Melo AS. Seed priming with light quality and Cyperus rotundus L. extract modulate the germination and initial growth of Moringa oleifera Lam. seedlings. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e255836. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Improving plant germination is essential to guarantee better quality seedlings. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate whether the seed priming with light quality (LIQ) and the aqueous extract of Cyperus rotundus (AEC) tuber could modulate the germination and initial growth of Moringa oleifera L. seedlings. The experimental design was a completely randomized in the 4x4 factorial scheme, composed of four LIQ conditions (white, blue, red, and distant red light) and four AEC concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100%). Seed priming with red light reduced the average emergence time, while blue, red, and extreme red lights associated with 50% of aqueous extract of C. rotundus increased shoot initial length and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Seed priming with blue light resulted in seedlings with a shorter final shoot length. However, application of 100% of aqueous extract of C. rotundus reversed this. The white light in combination with concentrations of 50 and 100% of AEC promoted a higher relative shoot growth rate of seedlings. The research revealed that seed priming with light quality and aqueous extracts of C. rotundus tubers modulates the germination and initial growth of M. oleifera seedlings. More work needs to be done to determine the responsible compounds in AEC that is responsible for priming growth as phytohormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Costa
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A. S. Melo
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim SH, Yoon J, Kim H, Lee SJ, Paek NC. Rice Basic Helix-Loop-Helix 079 (OsbHLH079) Delays Leaf Senescence by Attenuating ABA Signaling. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:60. [PMID: 38093151 PMCID: PMC10719235 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence represents the final phase of leaf development and is characterized by a highly organized degenerative process involving the active translocation of nutrients from senescing leaves to growing tissues or storage organs. To date, a large number of senescence-associated transcription factors (sen-TFs) have been identified that regulate the initiation and progression of leaf senescence. Many of these TFs, including NAC (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2), WRKY, and MYB TFs, have been implicated in modulating the expression of downstream senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and chlorophyll degradation genes (CDGs) under the control of phytohormones. However, the involvement of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs in leaf senescence has been less investigated. Here, we show that OsbHLH079 delays both natural senescence and dark-induced senescence: Overexpression of OsbHLH079 led to a stay-green phenotype, whereas osbhlh079 knockout mutation displayed accelerated leaf senescence. Similar to other sen-TFs, OsbHLH079 showed a gradual escalation in expression as leaves underwent senescence. During this process, the mRNA levels of SAGs and CDGs remained relatively low in OsbHLH079 overexpressors, but increased sharply in osbhlh079 mutants, suggesting that OsbHLH079 negatively regulates the transcription of SAGs and CDGs under senescence conditions. Additionally, we found that OsbHLH079 delays ABA-induced senescence. Subsequent RT-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that OsbHLH079 downregulates the expression of ABA signaling genes, such as OsABF2, OsABF4, OsABI5, and OsNAP. Taken together, these results demonstrate that OsbHLH079 functions in delaying leaf yellowing by attenuating the ABA responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Hwan Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Yoon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ji Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shah T, Khan Z, Khan SR, Imran A, Asad M, Ahmad A, Ahmad P. Silicon inhibits cadmium uptake by regulating the genes associated with the lignin biosynthetic pathway and plant hormone signal transduction in maize plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123996-124009. [PMID: 37995035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil poses a severe threat to plant growth and development. In contrast, silicon (Si) has shown promise in enhancing plant resilience under Cd-induced stress. In this study, we conducted an integrated investigation employing morphological studies, gene expression analysis, and metabolomics to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance in maize plants. Our results demonstrate that Si biofortification significantly mitigated Cd stress by reducing Cd accumulation in plant tissues, increasing Si content, and enhancing maize biomass in Cd-stressed plants resulted in a substantial enhancement in shoot dry weight (+ 75%) and root dry weight (+ 30%). Notably, Si treatment upregulated key lignin-related genes (TaPAL, TaCAD, Ta4CL, and TaCOMT) and promoted the accumulation of metabolites (sinapyl alcohol, phenylalanine, p-coumaryl alcohol, cafeyl alcohol, and coniferaldehyde) essential for cell wall strength, particularly under Cd stress conditions. Si application enriched the signal transduction by hormones and increased resistance by induction of biosynthesis genes (TaBZR1, TaLOX3, and TaNCDE1) and metabolites (brassinolide, abscisic acid, and jasmonate) in the roots and leaves under Cd stress. Furthermore, our study provides a comprehensive view of the intricate molecular crosstalk between Si, Cd stress, and plant hormonal responses. We unveil a network of genetic and metabolic interactions that culminate in a multifaceted defense system, enabling maize plants to thrive even in the presence of Cd-contaminated soil. This knowledge not only advances our understanding of the protective role of Si but also highlights the broader implications for sustainable agricultural practices. By harnessing the insights gained from this research, we may pave the way for innovative strategies to fortify crops against environmental stressors, ultimately contributing to the goal of food security in an ever-changing world. In summary, our research offers valuable insights into the protective mechanisms facilitated by Si, which enhance plants' ability to withstand environmental stress, and holds promise for future applications in sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Plant Science Research Unit United States, Department for Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shah Rukh Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Imran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shiko G, Paulmann MJ, Feistel F, Ntefidou M, Hermann-Ene V, Vetter W, Kost B, Kunert G, Zedler JAZ, Reichelt M, Oelmüller R, Klein J. Occurrence and conversion of progestogens and androgens are conserved in land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:318-337. [PMID: 37559351 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Progestogens and androgens have been found in many plants, but little is known about their biosynthesis and the evolution of steroidogenesis in these organisms. Here, we show that the occurrence and biosynthesis of progestogens and androgens are conserved across the viridiplantae lineage. An UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method allowed high-throughput analysis of the occurrence and chemical conversion of progestogens and androgens in 41 species across the green plant lineage. Dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone are plants' most abundant mammalian-like steroids. Progestogens are converted into 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione. Androgens are converted into testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone. 17,20-Lyases, essential for converting progestogens to androgens, seem to be most effective in monocot species. Our data suggest that the occurrence of progestogens and androgens is highly conserved in plants, and their biosynthesis might favor a route using the Δ4 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glendis Shiko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Max-Jonas Paulmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Felix Feistel
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Ntefidou
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hermann-Ene
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kost
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Julie A Z Zedler
- Synthetic Biology of Photosynthetic Organisms, Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department for Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Jan Klein
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elsayed MI, Awad MA, Al-Qurashi AD. Efficacy of 24-epibrassinolide-chitosan composite coating on the quality of 'Williams' bananas during ripening. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6297-6306. [PMID: 37188654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banana fruit undergo rapid metabolic changes following the induction of ripening. They result in excessive softening, chlorophyll degradation, browning, and senescence during postharvest life. As part of a continuous effort to extend fruit shelf life and maintain the best possible quality, this study examined the effect of a 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and chitosan (CT) composite coating on 'Williams' bananas ripening in ambient conditions. Fruit were soaked in 20 μM EBR, 10 g L-1 CT (w/v), and 20 μM EBR + 10 g L-1 CT solutions for 15 min and were kept at 23 ± 1 °C and 85-90% (RH) for 9 days. RESULTS The combined treatment (20 μM EBR + 10 g L-1 CT) clearly delayed fruit ripening; bananas treated with this showed less peel yellowing, weight loss, and total soluble solids, and greater firmness, titratable acidity, membrane stability index, and ascorbic acid content than the untreated control. After the treatment, the fruit also presented higher radical scavenging capacity, and higher total phenol and flavonoid content. The activity of polyphenoloxidase and hydrolytic enzymes was lower, and that of peroxidase was higher in both the peel and pulp of all the treated fruit than in the control. CONCLUSION The combined treatment (20 μM EBR + 10 g L-1 CT) is suggested as an effective composite edible coat to retain the quality of 'Williams' bananas during ripening. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Elsayed
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Awad
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adel D Al-Qurashi
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Chen Z, Huang L, Ouyang Y, Wang Z, Wu S, Ye W, Yu B, Zhang Y, Yang C, Lai J. Salicylic acid attenuates brassinosteroid signaling via protein de-S-acylation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112998. [PMID: 37211868 PMCID: PMC10308364 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important plant hormones involved in many aspects of development. Here, we show that BRASSINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs), key components of the BR pathway, are precisely controlled via de-S-acylation mediated by the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA). Most Arabidopsis BSK members are substrates of S-acylation, a reversible protein lipidation that is essential for their membrane localization and physiological function. We establish that SA interferes with the plasma membrane localization and function of BSKs by decreasing their S-acylation levels, identifying ABAPT11 (ALPHA/BETA HYDROLASE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 17-LIKE ACYL PROTEIN THIOESTERASE 11) as an enzyme whose expression is quickly induced by SA. ABAPT11 de-S-acylates most BSK family members, thus integrating BR and SA signaling for the control of plant development. In summary, we show that BSK-mediated BR signaling is regulated by SA-induced protein de-S-acylation, which improves our understanding of the function of protein modifications in plant hormone cross talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liting Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Youwei Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weixian Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Boya Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu J, Liu X, Huang W, An R, Xu X, Li P. 2,4-epibrassinolide delays leaf senescence in pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) by regulating its chlorophyll metabolic pathway and endogenous hormones content. Gene 2023:147531. [PMID: 37286019 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhen Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ronghui An
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pengxia Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Riekötter J, Oklestkova J, Muth J, Twyman RM, Epping J. Transcriptomic analysis of Chinese yam ( Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) variants indicates brassinosteroid involvement in tuber development. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1112793. [PMID: 37215221 PMCID: PMC10196131 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea is an important but underutilized genus of flowering plants that grows predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions. Several species, known as yam, develop large underground tubers and aerial bulbils that are used as food. The Chinese yam (D. polystachya Turcz.) is one of the few Dioscorea species that grows well in temperate regions and has been proposed as a climate-resilient crop to enhance food security in Europe. However, the fragile, club-like tubers are unsuitable for mechanical harvesting, which is facilitated by shorter and thicker storage organs. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a key role in plant cell division, cell elongation and proliferation, as well as in the gravitropic response. We collected RNA-Seq data from the head, middle and tip of two tuber shape variants: F60 (long, thin) and F2000 (short, thick). Comparative transcriptome analysis of F60 vs. F2000 revealed 30,229 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 1,393 of which were differentially expressed in the growing tip. Several DEGs are involved in steroid/BR biosynthesis or signaling, or may be regulated by BRs. The quantification of endogenous BRs revealed higher levels of castasterone (CS), 28-norCS, 28-homoCS and brassinolide in F2000 compared to F60 tubers. The highest BR levels were detected in the growing tip, and CS was the most abundant (439.6 ± 196.41 pmol/g in F2000 and 365.6 ± 112.78 pmol/g in F60). Exogenous 24-epi-brassinolide (epi-BL) treatment (20 nM) in an aeroponic system significantly increased the width-to-length ratio (0.045 ± 0.002) compared to the mock-treated plants (0.03 ± 0.002) after 7 weeks, indicating that exogenous epi-BL produces shorter and thicker tubers. In this study we demonstrate the role of BRs in D. polystachya tuber shape, providing insight into the role of plant hormones in yam storage organ development. We found that BRs can influence tuber shape in Chinese yam by regulating the expression of genes involved cell expansion. Our data can help to improve the efficiency of Chinese yam cultivation, which could provide an alternative food source and thus contribute to future food security in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Riekötter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jost Muth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Janina Epping
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mahati K, Padmasree K. Brassinolide promotes interaction between chloroplasts and mitochondria during the optimization of photosynthesis by the mitochondrial electron transport chain in mesophyll cell protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1099474. [PMID: 37113597 PMCID: PMC10126290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1099474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The current experimental data unveils the role of brassinolide (BL), a phytohormone of class brassinosteroids (BRs), in augmenting the cross-talk between the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) and chloroplasts to strengthen the efficiency of the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) for higher assimilation of carbon dioxide in the mesophyll cell protoplasts (MCP) of Arabidopsis thaliana. The outcome of total respiration (TR) and photosynthetic carbon assimilation (PCA) was monitored as O2 uptake under dark and NaHCO3-dependent O2 evolution under light, respectively, after pre-incubation of MCP at a broad spectrum of BL concentration from 0.05 pM to 5 pM at 25 °C and optimum light intensity of 1000 μmol m-2 s-1. The addition of optimal concentration (0.5 pM) of BL to MCP stimulated the (i) TR, (ii) PCA, and (iii) para-benzoquinone-dependent O2 evolution (PSII activity). Further, in response to BL, the enzyme activity or transcript levels of redox-regulated CBC enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate raised considerably. Also, the addition of BL to MCP remarkably accelerated the capacity of the cytochrome oxidase (COX) and alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways concurrently with an increase in total cellular pyruvate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Besides, malate valve components (Malate, Chl-MDH, M-MDH) increased in response to BL. At the same time, the cellular redox ratios of pyridine nucleotides (NADPH and NADH) were kept low in the presence of BL. However, BL could not keep up the CBC activity of photosynthesis along with its associated light-activated enzymes/transcripts when mETC through COX or AOX pathway is restricted by antimycin A (AA) or salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), respectively. In contrast, adding BL to MCP under restricted mETC showed aggravation in total cellular ROS, pyruvate, malate, and redox ratio of pyridine nucleotides with a concomitant increase in transcripts associated with malate valve and antioxidant systems. These results suggest that BL enhances the PCA by coordinating in cross-talk of chloroplasts and mitochondria to regulate the cellular redox ratio or ROS through the involvement of COX and AOX pathways along with the malate valve and antioxidant systems.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao M, Wang Z, Jia Z, Zhang H, Wang T. Brassinosteroids alleviate nanoplastic toxicity in edible plants by activating antioxidant defense systems and suppressing nanoplastic uptake. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107901. [PMID: 37003216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As emerging pollutants of global concern, absorbed nanoplastics might have negative impacts on plant development and nutrient uptake, thereby decreasing yields. If nanoplastics are transferred to the edible parts of plants, they may pose a threat to human health when large quantities are ingested. While nanoplastic-induced phytotoxicity is attracting increasing attention, little is known about how to inhibit nanoplastic accumulation in plants and reduce the subsequent adverse effects. Here we investigated the absorption and accumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in different plant species and the role of brassinosteroids in alleviating PS-NP toxicity. Brassinosteroids inhibited accumulation of PS-NPs in tomato fruit and reversed PS-NP-induced phytotoxicity to promote plant growth and increase fresh weight and plant height. Brassinosteroids also reversed the induction of aquaporin-related genes by PS-NPs including TIP2-1, TIP2-2, PIP2-6, PIP2-8, PIP2-9, SIP2-1, and NIP1-2, providing a potential stress mechanism by which PS-NPs accumulate in the edible parts and targets for inhibition. In transcriptomic analyses, brassinosteroids enhanced fatty acid and amino acid metabolism and synthesis. In conclusion, exogenous application of 50 nM brassinosteroids alleviated the adverse effects of PS-NPs on plants, and exogenous application of brassinosteroids might be an effective means to minimize PS-NP-induced phytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhongtang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reim S, Emeriewen OF, Peil A, Flachowsky H. Deciphering the Mechanism of Tolerance to Apple Replant Disease Using a Genetic Mapping Approach in a Malling 9 × M. × robusta 5 Population Identifies SNP Markers Linked to Candidate Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076307. [PMID: 37047278 PMCID: PMC10094387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a worldwide economic risk in apple production. Although several studies have shown that the wild apple accession Malus × robusta 5 (Mr5) is ARD-tolerant, the genetics of this tolerance have not yet been elucidated. A genetic mapping approach with a biparental population derived from contrasting parents involving molecular markers provides a means for marker-assisted selection of genetically complex traits and for determining candidate genes. In this study, we crossed the ARD-tolerant wild apple accession Mr5 and the ARD-susceptible rootstock ‘M9’ and analyzed the resultant progeny for ARD tolerance. Hence, a high-density genetic map using a tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS) approach was established. A total of 4804 SNPs together with 77 SSR markers were included in the parental maps comprising 17 linkage groups. The phenotypic responses to ARD were evaluated for 106 offspring and classified by an ARD-susceptibility index (ASI). A Kruskal–Wallis test identified SNP markers and one SSR marker on linkage groups (LG) 6 and 2 that correlated with ARD tolerance. We found nine candidate genes linked with these markers, which may be associated with plant response to ARD. These candidate genes provide some insight into the defense mechanisms against ARD and should be studied in more detail.
Collapse
|
22
|
Song Y, Wang Y, Yu Q, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zhan J, Ren M. Regulatory network of GSK3-like kinases and their role in plant stress response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1123436. [PMID: 36938027 PMCID: PMC10014926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) family members are evolutionally conserved Ser/Thr protein kinases in mammals and plants. In plants, the GSK3s function as signaling hubs to integrate the perception and transduction of diverse signals required for plant development. Despite their role in the regulation of plant growth and development, emerging research has shed light on their multilayer function in plant stress responses. Here we review recent advances in the regulatory network of GSK3s and the involvement of GSK3s in plant adaptation to various abiotic and biotic stresses. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants cope with environmental stresses through GSK3s-hormones crosstalk, a pivotal biochemical pathway in plant stress responses. We believe that our overview of the versatile physiological functions of GSK3s and underlined molecular mechanism of GSK3s in plant stress response will not only opens further research on this important topic but also provide opportunities for developing stress-resilient crops through the use of genetic engineering technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yueying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jianling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kaya C, Ugurlar F, Ashraf M, Ahmad P. Salicylic acid interacts with other plant growth regulators and signal molecules in response to stressful environments in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:431-443. [PMID: 36758290 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the potential plant growth regulators (PGRs) that regulate plant growth and development by triggering many physiological and metabolic processes. It is also known to be a crucial component of plant defense mechanisms against environmental stimuli. In stressed plants, it is documented that it can effectively modulate a myriad of metabolic processes including strengthening of oxidative defense system by directly or indirectly limiting the buildup of reactive nitrogen and oxygen radicals. Although it is well recognized that it performs a crucial role in plant tolerance to various stresses, it is not fully elucidated that whether low or high concentrations of this PGR is effective to achieve optimal growth of plants under stressful environments. It is also not fully understood that to what extent and in what manner it cross-talks with other potential growth regulators and signalling molecules within the plant body. Thus, this critical review discusses how far SA mediates crosstalk with other key PGRs and molecular components of signalling pathways mechanisms, particularly in plants exposed to environmental cues. Moreover, the function of SA exogenously applied in regulation of growth and development as well as reinforcement of oxidative defense system of plants under abiotic stresses is explicitly elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan; International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, The University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tang Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang H, Long H, Yang L, Li G, Guo J, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang Q, Shi W, Shao R. Water deficit aggravated the inhibition of photosynthetic performance of maize under mercury stress but is alleviated by brassinosteroids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130365. [PMID: 36444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) significantly inhibits maize (Zea mays L.) production, which could be aggravated by water deficit (WD) due to climate change. However, there is no report on the maize in response to combined their stresses. This work was conducted for assessing the response and adaptive mechanism of maize to combined Hg and WD stress using two maize cultivars, Xianyu (XY) 335 and Yudan (YD) 132. The analysis was based on plant growth, physiological function, and transcriptomic data. Compared with the single Hg stress, Hg accumulation in whole plant and translocation factor (TF) under Hg+WD were increased by 64.51 % (1.44 mg kg-1) and 260.00 %, respectively, for XY 335; and 50.32 % (0.62 mg kg-1) and 220.02 %, respectively, for YD 132. Combined Hg and WD stress further increased the reactive oxygen species accumulation, aggravated the damage of the thylakoid membrane, and decreased chlorophyll content compared with single stress. For example, Chl a and Chl b contents of XY 335 were significantly decreased by 48.67 % and 28.08 %, respectively at 48 h after Hg+WD treatment compared with Hg stress. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that most of down-regulated genes were enriched in photosynthetic-antenna proteins, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and porphyrin metabolism pathways (PsbS1, PSBQ1 and FDX1 etc.) under combined stress, reducing light energy capture and electron transport. However, most genes related to the brassinosteroids (BRs) signaling pathway were up-regulated under Hg+WD stress. Correspondingly, exogenous BRs significantly enhanced the maize tolerance to stress by decreasing Hg accumulation and TF, and raising activities of antioxidant enzyme, the content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic performance. The PI, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of Hg+WD+BR treatment were increased by 29.88 %, 32.06 %, and 14.56 %, respectively, for XY 335 compared to Hg+WD. Overall, combined Hg and WD stress decreased photosynthetic efficiency by adversely affecting light absorption and electron transport, especially in stress-sensitive variety, but BRs could alleviate the inhibition of photosynthesis, providing a novel strategy for enhancing crop Hg and WD tolerance and food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulou Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Haochi Long
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Liuyang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Gengwei Li
- Xinxiang Grain, Oil and Feed Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yuling Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Weiyu Shi
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruixin Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang Y, Sun Z, Lu K, Wu Z, Xue H, Zhu L, Li G, Feng Y, Wu M, Lin J, Lian J, Yang L. Manipulation of sterol homeostasis for the production of 24-epi-ergosterol in industrial yeast. Nat Commun 2023; 14:437. [PMID: 36707526 PMCID: PMC9883489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinolide (BL) is the most biologically active compound among natural brassinosteroids. However, the agricultural applications are limited by the extremely low natural abundance and the scarcity of synthetic precursors. Here, we employ synthetic biology to construct a yeast cell factory for scalable production of 24-epi-ergosterol, an un-natural sterol, proposed as a precursor for BL semi-synthesis. First, we construct an artificial pathway by introducing a Δ24(28) sterol reductase from plants (DWF1), followed by enzyme directed evolution, to enable de novo biosynthesis of 24-epi-ergosterol in yeast. Subsequently, we manipulate the sterol homeostasis (overexpression of ARE2, YEH1, and YEH2 with intact ARE1), maintaining a balance between sterol acylation and sterol ester hydrolysis, for the production of 24-epi-ergosterol, whose titer reaches to 2.76 g L-1 using fed-batch fermentation. The sterol homeostasis engineering strategy can be applicable for bulk production of other economically important phytosterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhijiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kexin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hailong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guosi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Lirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu B, Wang L, Guan Q, Xue X, Gao W, Nie P. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide promoted growth and nitrogen absorption and assimilation efficiency of apple seedlings under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1178085. [PMID: 37123869 PMCID: PMC10140579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1178085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction High salinity significantly hampers global agricultural productivity. Plants typically undergo lower nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) under salt stress. As an active byproduct from brassinolide biosynthesis, 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) is involved in regulating the stress-treated plant N absorption and assimilation. However, the exogenous EBR application effects' on N absorption and assimilation in apple exposed to the salt-stressed condition remains unclear. Methods We sprayed exogenous EBR (0.2 mg L-1) on apple dwarf rootstock (M9T337) seedlings (growing hydroponically) under salt (NaCl) stress in a growth chamber. We analyzed the seedling development, photosynthesis and its-mediated C fixation, N ( NO 3 - ) absorption and assimilation in reponse to exogenous EBR application under salt stress. Results The findings demonstrated that NaCl stress greatly hampered seedlings' root growth and that exogenous EBR application obviously alleviated this growth suppression. Exogenous EBR-treated plants under NaCl stress displayed the more ideal root morphology and root activity, stronger salt stress tolerance and photosynthetic capacity as well as higher C- and N-assimilation enzyme activities, NO 3 - ion flow rate and nitrate transporter gene expression level than did untreated plants. Furthermore, the results of isotope labeling noted that exogenous EBR application also enhanced 13C-photoassimilate transport from leaves to roots and 15 NO 3 - transport from roots to leaves under NaCl stress. Conclusion Our findings imply that exogenous EBR application, through strengthening photosynthesis, C- and N-assimilation enzyme activities, nitrate absorption and transport as well as synchronized optimizing the distribution of seedlings' C and N, has a fundamental role in improving NUE in apple rootstock seedlings under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Laiping Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
| | - Qiuzhu Guan
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
| | - Wensheng Gao
- Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Peixian Nie
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit Biotechnology Breeding, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Peixian Nie,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miranda S, Piazza S, Nuzzo F, Li M, Lagrèze J, Mithöfer A, Cestaro A, Tarkowska D, Espley R, Dare A, Malnoy M, Martens S. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing applied to MdPGT1 in apple results in reduced foliar phloridzin without impacting plant growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:92-105. [PMID: 36401738 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phloridzin is the most abundant polyphenolic compound in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), which results from the action of a key phloretin-specific UDP-2'-O-glucosyltransferase (MdPGT1). Here, we simultaneously assessed the effects of targeting MdPGT1 by conventional transgenesis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing. To this end, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolic analyses of MdPGT1 RNA interference knockdown and genome-edited lines. Knockdown lines exhibited characteristic impairment of plant growth and leaf morphology, whereas genome-edited lines exhibited normal growth despite reduced foliar phloridzin. RNA-sequencing analysis identified a common core of regulated genes, involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. However, we identified genes and processes differentially modulated in stunted and genome-edited lines, including key transcription factors and genes involved in phytohormone signalling. Therefore, we conducted a phytohormone profiling to obtain insight into their role in the phenotypes observed. We found that salicylic and jasmonic acid were increased in dwarf lines, whereas auxin and ABA showed no correlation with the growth phenotype. Furthermore, bioactive brassinosteroids were commonly up-regulated, whereas gibberellin GA4 was distinctively altered, showing a sharp decrease in RNA interference knockdown lines. Expression analysis by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction expression analysis further confirmed transcriptional regulation of key factors involved in brassinosteroid and gibberellin interaction. These findings suggest that a differential modulation of phytohormones may be involved in the contrasting effects on growth following phloridzin reduction. The present study also illustrates how CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing can be applied to dissect the contribution of genes involved in phloridzin biosynthesis in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simón Miranda
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
- C3A Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Floriana Nuzzo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Mingai Li
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Jorge Lagrèze
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
- C3A Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Danuše Tarkowska
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Slechtitelu 19, Olomouc, CZ-783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Edmund Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
BZR proteins: identification, evolutionary and expression analysis under various exogenous growth regulators in plants. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:12039-12053. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
29
|
Chen E, Yang X, Liu R, Zhang M, Zhang M, Zhou F, Li D, Hu H, Li C. GhBEE3-Like gene regulated by brassinosteroids is involved in cotton drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019146. [PMID: 36311136 PMCID: PMC9606830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important phytohormones that play a vital role in plant drought tolerance, but their mechanisms in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are poorly understood. Numerous basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family genes are involved in the responses to both BRs and drought stress. GhBEE3-Like, a bHLH transcription factor, is repressed by both 24-epi-BL (an active BR substance) and PEG8000 (drought simulation) treatments in cotton. Moreover, GhBZR1, a crucial transcription factor in BR signaling pathway, directly binds to the E-box element in GhBEE3-Like promoter region and inhibits its expression, which has been confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual luciferase reporter assay. Functional analysis revealed that Arabidopsis with GhBEE3-Like overexpression had drought sensitive phenotype, while GhBEE3-Like knock-down cotton plants obtained by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology were more tolerant to drought stress. Furthermore, the expression levels of three stress-related genes, GhERD10, GhCDPK1 and GhRD26, were significantly higher in GhBEE3-Like knock-down cotton than in control cotton after drought treatment. These results suggest that GhBEE3-Like is inhibited by BRs which elevates the expressions of stress-related genes to enhance plant drought tolerance. This study lays the foundation for understanding the mechanisms of BR-regulated drought tolerance and establishment of drought-resistant cotton lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eryong Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaobei Yang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruie Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Niemeyer PW, Irisarri I, Scholz P, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Braus GH, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Sharma S, Carlsson AS, de Vries J, Hofvander P, Ischebeck T. A seed-like proteome in oil-rich tubers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:518-534. [PMID: 36050843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous examples of plant organs or developmental stages that are desiccation-tolerant and can withstand extended periods of severe water loss. One prime example are seeds and pollen of many spermatophytes. However, in some plants, also vegetative organs can be desiccation-tolerant. One example are the tubers of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), which also store large amounts of lipids similar to seeds. Interestingly, the closest known relative, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), generates tubers that do not accumulate oil and are not desiccation-tolerant. We generated nanoLC-MS/MS-based proteomes of yellow nutsedge in five replicates of four stages of tuber development and compared them to the proteomes of roots and leaves, yielding 2257 distinct protein groups. Our data reveal a striking upregulation of hallmark proteins of seeds in the tubers. A deeper comparison to the tuber proteome of the close relative purple nutsedge (C. rotundus) and a previously published proteome of Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings indicates that indeed a seed-like proteome was found in yellow but not purple nutsedge. This was further supported by an analysis of the proteome of a lipid droplet-enriched fraction of yellow nutsedge, which also displayed seed-like characteristics. One reason for the differences between the two nutsedge species might be the expression of certain transcription factors homologous to ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, WRINKLED1, and LEAFY COTYLEDON1 that drive gene expression in Arabidopsis seed embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp William Niemeyer
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shrikant Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park CR, Nguyen VT, Min JH, Sang H, Lim GH, Kim CS. Isolation and Functional Characterization of Soybean BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3-Like 1 (GmBEH3L1) Associated with Dehydration Sensitivity and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2565. [PMID: 36235431 PMCID: PMC9573144 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) is an important steroid hormone that regulates plant development, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and responses to abiotic stress. We previously demonstrated that BEH3 (BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3) of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates dehydration and ABA responses by mediating proline metabolism. Furthermore, BEH3 negatively regulates BR-mediated hypocotyl elongation in dark-grown seedlings. However, the roles of BEH3 ortholog genes in the osmotic stress response of plants have remained largely unknown. Here, GmBEH3L1 (Glycine max BEH3-Like 1), a soybean (G. max) ortholog of the BEH3 gene of A. thaliana, was isolated and functionally characterized. GmBEH3L1 is induced by ABA, dehydration, and drought conditions. The GmBEH3L1-overexpressing transgenic lines (GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3) with the beh3 mutant background have ABA- and dehydration-sensitive phenotypes during early seedling growth, implying that GmBEH3L1 is involved in both osmotic stress and ABA sensitivity as a negative regulator in A. thaliana. Consistent with these results, GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3 complemental lines exhibit decreased expression levels of ABA- or dehydration-inducible genes. Under darkness, GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3 complemental lines display a short hypocotyl length compared to the beh3 mutant, indicating that GmBEH3L1 is linked to BR signaling. Together, our data suggest that GmBEH3L1 participates negatively in ABA and dehydration responses through BR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Van Tinh Nguyen
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Basic Science, Buon Ma Thuot University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo Z, Yao J, Cheng Y, Zhang W, Xu Z, Li M, Huang J, Ma D, Zhao M. Identification of QTL under Brassinosteroid-Combined Cold Treatment at Seedling Stage in Rice Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2324. [PMID: 36079705 PMCID: PMC9460439 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a major threat to the sustainability of rice yield. Brassinosteroids (BR) application can enhance cold tolerance in rice. However, the regulatory mechanism related to cold tolerance and the BR signaling pathway in rice has not been clarified. In the current study, the seedling shoot length (SSL), seedling root length (SRL), seedling dry weight (SDW), and seedling wet weight (SWW) were used as the indices for identifying cold tolerance under cold stress and BR-combined cold treatment in a backcross recombinant inbred lines (BRIL) population. According to the phenotypic characterization for cold tolerance and a high-resolution SNP genetic map obtained from the GBS technique, a total of 114 QTLs were identified, of which 27 QTLs were detected under cold stress and 87 QTLs under BR-combined cold treatment. Among them, the intervals of many QTLs were coincident under different treatments, as well as different traits. A total of 13 candidate genes associated with cold tolerance or BR pathway, such as BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (OsBZR1), OsWRKY77, AP2 domain-containing protein, zinc finger proteins, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein, and auxin-induced protein, were predicted. Among these, the expression levels of 10 candidate genes were identified under different treatments in the parents and representative BRIL individuals. These results were helpful in understanding the regulation relationship between cold tolerance and BR pathway in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jialu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yishan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Maomao Li
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dianrong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Litvinovskaya RP, Shkliarevskyi MA, Kolupaev YE, Kokorev AI, Khripach VA. Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Implementation of a Protective Effect of Epicastasterone and Its Monosalicylate on Wheat Seedlings under Heat Stress. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368382204010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Koza NA, Adedayo AA, Babalola OO, Kappo AP. Microorganisms in Plant Growth and Development: Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Secondary Metabolites Secretion. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1528. [PMID: 36013946 PMCID: PMC9415082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops aimed at feeding an exponentially growing population are often exposed to a variety of harsh environmental factors. Although plants have evolved ways of adjusting their metabolism and some have also been engineered to tolerate stressful environments, there is still a shortage of food supply. An alternative approach is to explore the possibility of using rhizosphere microorganisms in the mitigation of abiotic stress and hopefully improve food production. Several studies have shown that rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae organisms can help improve stress tolerance by enhancing plant growth; stimulating the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and solubilizing phosphates; lowering ethylene levels; and upregulating the expression of dehydration response and antioxidant genes. This article shows the secretion of secondary metabolites as an additional mechanism employed by microorganisms against abiotic stress. The understanding of these mechanisms will help improve the efficacy of plant-growth-promoting microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ntombikhona Appear Koza
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Afeez Adesina Adedayo
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang P, Li Z, Guo H. New Advances in the Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Classical and Peptide Hormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923136. [PMID: 35837465 PMCID: PMC9274171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the last stage of leaf development, manifested by leaf yellowing due to the loss of chlorophyll, along with the degradation of macromolecules and facilitates nutrient translocation from the sink to the source tissues, which is essential for the plants' fitness. Leaf senescence is controlled by a sophisticated genetic network that has been revealed through the study of the molecular mechanisms of hundreds of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which are involved in multiple layers of regulation. Leaf senescence is primarily regulated by plant age, but also influenced by a variety of factors, including phytohormones and environmental stimuli. Phytohormones, as important signaling molecules in plant, contribute to the onset and progression of leaf senescence. Recently, peptide hormones have been reported to be involved in the regulation of leaf senescence, enriching the significance of signaling molecules in controlling leaf senescence. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation of leaf senescence by classical and peptide hormones, aiming to better understand the coordinated network of different pathways during leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Research Center for Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu Q, Liu Y, Xie Z, Yu B, Sun Y, Huang J. OsNAC016 regulates plant architecture and drought tolerance by interacting with the kinases GSK2 and SAPK8. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1296-1313. [PMID: 35333328 PMCID: PMC9237679 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ideal plant architecture and drought tolerance are important determinants of yield potential in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we found that OsNAC016, a rice NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factor, functions as a regulator in the crosslink between brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated plant architecture and abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated drought responses. The loss-of-function mutant osnac016 exhibited erect leaves and shortened internodes, but OsNAC016-overexpressing plants had opposite phenotypes. Further investigation revealed that OsNAC016 regulated the expression of the BR biosynthesis gene D2 by binding to its promoter. Moreover, OsNAC016 interacted with and was phosphorylated by GSK3/SHAGGY-LIKE KINASE2 (GSK2), a negative regulator in the BR pathway. Meanwhile, the mutant osnac016 had improved drought stress tolerance, supported by a decreased water loss rate and enhanced stomatal closure in response to exogenous ABA, but OsNAC016-overexpressing plants showed attenuated drought tolerance and reduced ABA sensitivity. Further, OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE8 (SAPK8) phosphorylated OsNAC016 and reduced its stability. The ubiquitin/26S proteasome system is an important degradation pathway of OsNAC016 via the interaction with PLANT U-BOX PROTEIN43 (OsPUB43) that mediates the ubiquitination of OsNAC016. Notably, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed global roles of OsNAC016 in promoting BR-mediated gene expression and repressing ABA-dependent drought-responsive gene expression, which was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR analysis. Our findings establish that OsNAC016 is positively involved in BR-regulated rice architecture, negatively modulates ABA-mediated drought tolerance, and is regulated by GSK2, SAPK8, and OsPUB43 through posttranslational modification. Our data provide insights into how plants balance growth and survival by coordinately regulating the growth-promoting signaling pathway and response under abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yingfan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zizhao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takimoto S, Nishikawa B, Matsuo M, Hinata S, Hisatomi T, Yamagami A, Nakano T, Nakagawa Y, Miyagawa H. Structure modification of nonsteroidal brassinolide-like compound, NSBR1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1004-1012. [PMID: 35687006 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Brassinolide (BL) is a possible plant growth regulator in agriculture, but the presence of a steroid skeleton hampers the field application of BL in agriculture because of its high synthetic cost. We discovered NSBR1 as the first nonsteroidal BL-like compound using in silico technology. Searching for more potent BL-like compounds, we modified the structure of NSBR1 with respect to two benzene rings and the piperazine ring. The activity of synthesized compounds was measured in Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation. The propyl group of butyryl moiety of NSBR1 was changed to various alkyl groups, such as straight, branched, and cyclic alkyl chains. Another substituent, F, at the ortho-position of the B-ring toward the piperazine ring was changed to other substituents. A methyl group was introduced to the piperazine ring. Most of the newly synthesized compounds with the 3,4-(OH)2 group at the A-ring significantly elongated the hypocotyl of Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seisuke Takimoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bunta Nishikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Midori Matsuo
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shiori Hinata
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiki Hisatomi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamagami
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Miyagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li W, Sun J, Zhang X, Ahmad N, Hou L, Zhao C, Pan J, Tian R, Wang X, Zhao S. The Mechanisms Underlying Salt Resistance Mediated by Exogenous Application of 24-Epibrassinolide in Peanut. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126376. [PMID: 35742819 PMCID: PMC9224412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut is one of the most important oil crops in the world, the growth and productivity of which are severely affected by salt stress. 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) plays an important role in stress resistances. However, the roles of exogenous EBL on the salt tolerance of peanut remain unclear. In this study, peanut seedlings treated with 150 mM NaCl and with or without EBL spray were performed to investigate the roles of EBL on salt resistance. Under 150 mM NaCl conditions, foliar application of 0.1 µM EBL increased the activity of catalase and thereby could eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, EBL application promoted the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar, thus maintaining osmotic balance. Furthermore, foliar EBL spray enhanced the total chlorophyll content and high photosynthesis capacity. Transcriptome analysis showed that under NaCl stress, EBL treatment up-regulated expression levels of genes encoding peroxisomal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide carrier (PMP34), probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 2 (SPS2) beta-fructofuranosidase (BFRUCT1) and Na+/H+ antiporters (NHX7 and NHX8), while down-regulated proline dehydrogenase 2 (PRODH). These findings provide valuable resources for salt resistance study in peanut and lay the foundation for using BR to enhance salt tolerance during peanut production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Hou
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Ruizheng Tian
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China; (W.L.); (J.S.); (X.Z.); (N.A.); (L.H.); (C.Z.); (J.P.); (R.T.); (X.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Partap M, Warghat AR, Kumar S. Cambial meristematic cell culture: a sustainable technology toward in vitro specialized metabolites production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35658789 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2055995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) culture has received a fair share of scientific and industrial attention among the trending topics of plant cell culture, especially their potential toward secondary metabolites production. However, the conventional plant cell culture is often not commercially feasible because of difficulties associated with culture dedifferentiated cells. Several reports have been published to culture CMCs and bypass the dedifferentiation process in plant cell culture. Numerous mitochondria, multiple vacuoles, genetic stability, self-renewal, higher biomass, and stable metabolites accumulation are the characteristics features of CMCs compared with dedifferentiated cells (DDCs) culture. The CMCs culture has a broader application to produce large-scale natural compounds for: pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetic industries. Cutting-edge progress in plant cellular and molecular biology has allowed unprecedented insights into cambial stem cell culture and its fundamental processes. Therefore, regarding sustainability and natural compound production, cambial cell culture ranks among the most vital biotechnological interventions for industrial and economic perspectives. This review highlights the recent advances in plant stem cell culture and understands the cambial cells induction and culture mechanisms that affect the growth and natural compounds production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahinder Partap
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish R Warghat
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Hormetic Effects of a Brassica Water Extract Triggered Wheat Growth and Antioxidative Defense under Drought Stress. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental constraint, affecting agricultural productivity worldwide. Allelopathic hormesis, the low-dose stimulatory effect of allelochemicals, offers a pragmatic solution in alleviating the adverse effects of drought in plants. This study, therefore, is conducted to evaluate the potential of a brassica water extract (BWE) in enhancing drought tolerance in wheat. The experiment was based on three factors, viz, drought with three levels (100%, 60% and 30% field capacity; FC), different concentrations of a brassica water extract (control, water spray, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0%) and two wheat cultivars, Ihsan-2016 (drought tolerant) and Galaxy-2013 (drought-sensitive). Drought stress, particularly at 30% FC, decreased the morpho-physiological attributes of both wheat cultivars; nevertheless, the application of brassica water extract, particularly at 2.0%, effectively enhanced tolerance against drought stress. Compared with the control, the application of 2.0% brassica water extract increased the morphological attributes, such as seedling length and the fresh and dry weights of both wheat cultivars in the range of 2–160% under 30% field capacity. In addition, the 2.0% brassica water extract triggered the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase (11–159%), decreased the hydrogen peroxide content (14–30%) and enhanced chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid contents (19–154%), as compared to the control, in both wheat cultivars under 30% field capacity. The vigorous growth and higher drought tolerance in wheat cultivars with brassica water extract application were related to improved chlorophyll contents and physiological attributes, a better antioxidant defense system and a reduced H2O2-based damaging effect.
Collapse
|
41
|
Massolo JF, Sánchez R, Zaro MJ, Concellón A, Vicente AR. Low‐dose prestorage 24‐epibrassinolide spray enhance postharvest chilling tolerance in zucchini squash (
Cucurbita pepo
L.) by eliciting peroxidase and phenolic antioxidants. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Facundo Massolo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales (LIPA) Facultad de Cs. Agrarias y Forestales UNLP. Calle 60 y 118. La Plata, pcia. de BsAs Argentina
| | - Ramiro Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) Facultad de Cs. Exactas UNLP Calle 47 y 116 (s/n). La Plata, Pcia. de Bs. As Argentina
| | - María José Zaro
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) Facultad de Cs. Exactas UNLP Calle 47 y 116 (s/n). La Plata, Pcia. de Bs. As Argentina
| | - Analía Concellón
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) Facultad de Cs. Exactas UNLP Calle 47 y 116 (s/n). La Plata, Pcia. de Bs. As Argentina
| | - Ariel Roberto Vicente
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Agroindustriales (LIPA) Facultad de Cs. Agrarias y Forestales UNLP. Calle 60 y 118. La Plata, pcia. de BsAs Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhuang Y, Lian W, Tang X, Qi G, Wang D, Chai G, Zhou G. MYB42 inhibits hypocotyl cell elongation by coordinating brassinosteroid homeostasis and signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:403-413. [PMID: 34922335 PMCID: PMC8944714 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The precise control of brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis and signalling is a prerequisite for hypocotyl cell elongation in plants. Arabidopsis MYB42 and its paralogue MYB85 were previously identified to be positive regulators of secondary cell wall formation during mature stages. Here, we aim to reveal the role of MYB42 and MYB85 in hypocotyl elongation during the seedling stage and clarify how MYB42 coordinates BR homeostasis and signalling to regulate this process. METHODS Histochemical analysis of proMYB42-GUS transgenic plants was used for determination of the MYB42 expression pattern. The MYB42, 85 overexpression, double mutant and some crossing lines were generated for phenotypic observation and transcriptome analysis. Transcription activation assays, quantitative PCR (qPCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were conducted to determine the relationship of MYB42 and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), a master switch activating BR signalling. KEY RESULTS MYB42 and MYB85 redundantly and negatively regulate hypocotyl cell elongation. They function in hypocotyl elongation by mediating BR signalling. MYB42 transcription was suppressed by BR treatment or in bzr1-1D (a gain-of-function mutant of BZR1), and mutation of both MYB42 and MYB85 enhanced the dwarf phenotype of the BR receptor mutant bri1-5. BZR1 directly repressed MYB42 expression in response to BR. Consistently, hypocotyl length of bzr1-1D was increased by simultaneous mutation of MYB42 and MYB85, but was reduced by overexpression of MYB42. Expression of a number of BR-regulated BZR1 (non-)targets associated with hypocotyl elongation was suppressed by MYB42, 85. Furthermore, MYB42 enlarged its action in BR signalling through feedback repression of BR accumulation and activation of DOGT1/UGT73C5, a BR-inactivating enzyme. CONCLUSIONS MYB42 inhibits hypocotyl elongation by coordinating BR homeostasis and signalling during primary growth. The present study shows an MYB42, 85-mediated multilevel system that contributes to fine regulation of BR-induced hypocotyl elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Zhuang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Lian
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianfeng Tang
- Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Helaly MN, El-Hoseiny HM, Elsheery NI, Kalaji HM, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Wróbel J, Hassan IF, Gaballah MS, Abdelrhman LA, Mira AM, Alam-Eldein SM. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and 24-Epibrassinolide Improve the Drought Stress Resilience and Productivity of Banana Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:743. [PMID: 35336624 PMCID: PMC8949027 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, development, and productivity are adversely affected under drought conditions. Previous findings indicated that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) play an important role in the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. This study demonstrated the role of ALA and EBL on oxidative stress and photosynthetic capacity of drought-stressed 'Williams' banana grown under the Egyptian semi-arid conditions. Exogenous application of either ALA or EBL at concentrations of 15, 30, and 45 mg·L-1 significantly restored plant photosynthetic activity and increased productivity under reduced irrigation; this was equivalent to 75% of the plant's total water requirements. Both compounds significantly reduced drought-induced oxidative damages by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase 'SOD', catalase 'CAT', and peroxidase 'POD') and preserving chloroplast structure. Lipid peroxidation, electrolyte loss and free non-radical H2O2 formation in the chloroplast were noticeably reduced compared to the control, but chlorophyll content and photosynthetic oxygen evolution were increased. Nutrient uptake, auxin and cytokinin levels were also improved with the reduced abscisic acid levels. The results indicated that ALA and EBL could reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and maintain the stability of the chloroplast membrane structure under drought stress. This study suggests that the use of ALA or EBL at 30 mg·L-1 can promote the growth, productivity and fruit quality of drought-stressed banana plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N. Helaly
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hanan M. El-Hoseiny
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Fouka 51511, Egypt;
| | - Nabil I. Elsheery
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; or
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, Al.Hrabska 3, 05-090 Pruszków, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Wróbel
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Islam F. Hassan
- Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt; (I.F.H.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Maybelle S. Gaballah
- Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt; (I.F.H.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Lamyaa A. Abdelrhman
- Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Amany M. Mira
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Shamel M. Alam-Eldein
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Szymczyk P, Szymańska G, Kuźma Ł, Jeleń A, Balcerczak E. Methyl Jasmonate Activates the 2C Methyl-D-erithrytol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate Synthase Gene and Stimulates Tanshinone Accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza Solid Callus Cultures. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061772. [PMID: 35335134 PMCID: PMC8950807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study characterizes the 5′ regulatory region of the SmMEC gene. The isolated fragment is 1559 bp long and consists of a promoter, 5′UTR and 31 nucleotide 5′ fragments of the CDS region. In silico bioinformatic analysis found that the promoter region contains repetitions of many potential cis-active elements. Cis-active elements associated with the response to methyl jasmonate (MeJa) were identified in the SmMEC gene promoter. Co-expression studies combined with earlier transcriptomic research suggest the significant role of MeJa in SmMEC gene regulation. These findings were in line with the results of the RT-PCR test showing SmMEC gene expression induction after 72 h of MeJa treatment. Biphasic total tanshinone accumulation was observed following treatment of S. miltiorrhiza solid callus cultures with 50–500 μM methyl jasmonate, with peaks observed after 10–20 and 50–60 days. An early peak of total tanshinone concentration (0.08%) occurred after 20 days of 100 μM MeJa induction, and a second, much lower one, was observed after 50 days of 50 μM MeJa stimulation (0.04%). The dominant tanshinones were cryptotanshinone (CT) and dihydrotanshinone (DHT). To better understand the inducing effect of MeJa treatment on tanshinone biosynthesis, a search was performed for methyl jasmonate-responsive cis-active motifs in the available sequences of gene proximal promoters associated with terpenoid precursor biosynthesis. The results indicate that MeJa has the potential to induce a significant proportion of the presented genes, which is in line with available transcriptomic and RT-PCR data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szymczyk
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Grażyna Szymańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kuźma
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Jeleń
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland; (A.J.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland; (A.J.); (E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu X, Zhong Y, Li W, Li G, Jin N, Zhao X, Zhang D. Development and Comprehensive SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis Optimization, Comparison, and Evaluation of 2,4-Epibrassinolide in Different Plant Tissues. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030831. [PMID: 35164096 PMCID: PMC8839131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A determination method for trace 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) in plant tissues was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The plant tissue samples were extracted using a methanol-formic acid solution, and the corresponding supernatant was purified with ODS C18 solid-phase extraction column. The extracts were separated using a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) column with methanol and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The ion source for the mass spectrometry was an electrospray ionization source with positive ion mode detection. The linear range of the target compound was 0.7~104 μg/kg, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.11~0.37 μg/kg, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.36~1.22 μg/kg, the recovery rate was 84.0~116.3%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was 0.8~10.5. The samples of maize plumule, brassica rapeseed flower, and marigold leaf were detected using the external standard method. The optimization of the extraction method and detection method of EBL improved the detection sensitivity, laid a foundation for the artificial synthesis of EBL, improved the extraction rate of EBL, and provided a theoretical basis for the study of EBL in many plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Zhang
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Brassinosteroids (BRs) Role in Plant Development and Coping with Different Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031012. [PMID: 35162936 PMCID: PMC8835148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are vulnerable to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses that cause a substantial decrease in the production of plants. Plants respond to different environmental stresses by experiencing a series of molecular and physiological changes coordinated by various phytohormones. The use of phytohormones to alleviate stresses has recently achieved increasing interest. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones that are required for the development, growth, and productivity of plants. These hormones are involved in regulating the division, elongation, and differentiation of numerous cell types throughout the entire plant life cycle. BR studies have drawn the interest of plant scientists over the last few decades due to their flexible ability to mitigate different environmental stresses. BRs have been shown in numerous studies to have a positive impact on plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. BR receptors detect the BR at the cell surface, triggering a series of phosphorylation events that activate the central transcription factor (TF) Brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1), which regulates the transcription of BR-responsive genes in the nucleus. This review discusses the discovery, occurrence, and chemical structure of BRs in plants. Furthermore, their role in the growth and development of plants, and against various stresses, is discussed. Finally, BR signaling in plants is discussed.
Collapse
|
47
|
Xu S, Wu S, Li Y. Investigating Plant Biosynthetic Pathways Using Heterologous Gene Expression: Yeast as a Heterologous Host. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2489:369-393. [PMID: 35524060 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2273-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are valuable resources for the development of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, yet the biosynthesis and metabolism of PNPs are largely unknown. Heterologous pathway reconstitution is a heavily adopted strategy in secondary metabolism characterization. Yeast systems have been broadly utilized in the heterologous production of PNPs and have been considered as a promising platform to investigate plant biosynthetic pathways. Here, we describe the reconstitution and verification of the upstream part of brassinolide biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae using this method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yanran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guo C, Li M, Chen Y, Xu X, Liu C, Chu J, Yao X. Seed bulb size influences the effects of exogenous brassinolide on yield and quality of Pinellia ternata. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:117-126. [PMID: 34693612 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, natural Pinellia ternata populations of have gradually been exhausted, while the cultivated yield has been limited due to lack of research and uncertain climate condition. Therefore, it is necessary to explore methods of improving yield and quality in P. ternata using brassinolide (BR) treatments and choice of a suitable seed bulb size. This article reports the effects of BR and two seed bulb sizes (diameter: 0.5-1.0 cm and 1.0-1.5 cm) on active and nutrient components and antioxidant activity in P. ternata. The experiment included six levels of BR (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg l-1 ). The tuber yield of the two seed bulb sizes and bulbil yield of small seed bulbs increased 5.67%, 22.66% and 69.23% by day 105 after 0.50 mg l-1 BR treatment, compared with the control. On day 105, only 0.05 mg l-1 BR increased scores in principal components analysis (PCA) in tubers of small seed bulbs by 167.29%, and 0.05 and 0.50 mg l-1 BR increased PCA score in bulbils of large seed bulbs by 145.66% and 252.97%, respectively, compared with the control. Significant BR × seed bulb size interactions were found on yield and quality of P. ternata. The results indicate that BR effects on yield and quality of tubers and bulbils of P. ternata are not only related to BR concentration but also to seed bulb size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - M Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Y Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - X Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - C Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - J Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - X Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zolkiewicz K, Gruszka D. Glycogen synthase kinases in model and crop plants - From negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling to multifaceted hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant reproduction and yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939487. [PMID: 35909730 PMCID: PMC9335153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinases, also known as SHAGGY-like Kinases (GSKs/SKs), are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases present both in animals and plants. Plant genomes contain multiple homologs of the GSK3 genes which participate in various biological processes. Plant GSKs/SKs, and their best known representative in Arabidopsis thaliana - Brassinosteroid Insentisive2 (BIN2/SK21) in particular, were first identified as components of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. As phytohormones, BRs regulate a wide range of physiological processes in plants - from germination, cell division, elongation and differentiation to leaf senescence, and response to environmental stresses. The GSKs/SKs proteins belong to a group of several highly conserved components of the BR signaling which evolved early during evolution of this molecular relay. However, recent reports indicated that the GSKs/SKs proteins are also implicated in signaling pathways of other phytohormones and stress-response processes. As a consequence, the GSKs/SKs proteins became hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant development and reproduction. Thus, it is very important to understand molecular mechanisms regulating activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins, but also to get insights into role of the GSKs/SKs proteins in modulation of stability and activity of various substrate proteins which participate in the numerous signaling pathways. Although elucidation of these aspects is still in progress, this review presents a comprehensive and detailed description of these processes and their implications for regulation of development, stress response, and reproduction of model and crop species. The GSKs/SKs proteins and their activity are modulated through phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation reactions which are regulated by various proteins. Importantly, both phosphorylations and de-phosphorylations may have positive and negative effects on the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins. Additionally, the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins is positively regulated by reactive oxygen species, whereas it is negatively regulated through ubiquitylation, deacetylation, and nitric oxide-mediated nitrosylation. On the other hand, the GSKs/SKs proteins interact with proteins representing various signaling pathways, and on the basis of the complicated network of interactions the GSKs/SKs proteins differentially regulate various physiological, developmental, stress response, and yield-related processes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Berrío RT, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Dubois M. Increasing yield on dry fields: molecular pathways with growing potential. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:323-341. [PMID: 34695266 PMCID: PMC7612350 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress constitutes one of the major constraints to agriculture all over the world, and its devastating effect is only expected to increase in the following years due to climate change. Concurrently, the increasing food demand in a steadily growing population requires a proportional increase in yield and crop production. In the past, research aimed to increase plant resilience to severe drought stress. However, this often resulted in stunted growth and reduced yield under favorable conditions or moderate drought. Nowadays, drought tolerance research aims to maintain plant growth and yield under drought conditions. Overall, recently deployed strategies to engineer drought tolerance in the lab can be classified into a 'growth-centered' strategy, which focuses on keeping growth unaffected by the drought stress, and a 'drought resilience without growth penalty' strategy, in which the main aim is still to boost drought resilience, while limiting the side effects on plant growth. In this review, we put the scope on these two strategies and some molecular players that were successfully engineered to generate drought-tolerant plants: abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, ROS scavenging genes, strigolactones, and aquaporins. We discuss how these pathways participate in growth and stress response regulation under drought. Finally, we present an overview of the current insights and future perspectives in the development of new strategies to improve drought tolerance in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tenorio Berrío
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Corresponding Author: Dirk Inzé VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology Technologiepark 71 B-9052 Ghent (Belgium) Tel.: +32 9 3313800; Fax: +32 9 3313809;
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|