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Qin YY, Gong Y, Kong SY, Wan ZY, Liu JQ, Xing K, Qin S. Aerial signaling by plant-associated Streptomyces setonii WY228 regulates plant growth and enhances salt stress tolerance. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127823. [PMID: 38959523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant-associated streptomycetes play important roles in plant growth and development. However, knowledge of volatile-mediated crosstalk between Streptomyces spp. and plants remains limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of volatiles from nine endophytic Streptomyces strains on the growth and development of plants. One versatile strain, Streptomyces setonii WY228, was found to significantly promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato seedlings, confer salt tolerance, and induce early flowering and increased fruit yield following volatile treatment. Analysis of plant growth-promoting traits revealed that S. setonii WY228 could produce indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, ACC deaminase, fix nitrogen, and solubilize inorganic phosphate. These capabilities were further confirmed through genome sequencing and analysis. Volatilome analysis indicated that the volatile organic compounds emitted from ISP-2 medium predominantly comprised sesquiterpenes and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine. Further investigations showed that 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine and sesquiterpenoid volatiles were the primary regulators promoting growth, as confirmed by experiments using the terpene synthesis inhibitor phosphomycin, pure compounds, and comparisons of volatile components. Transcriptome analysis, combined with mutant and inhibitor studies, demonstrated that WY228 volatiles promoted root growth by activating Arabidopsis auxin signaling and polar transport, and enhanced root hair development through ethylene signaling activation. Additionally, it was confirmed that volatiles can stimulate plant abscisic acid signaling and activate the MYB75 transcription factor, thereby promoting anthocyanin synthesis and enhancing plant salt stress tolerance. Our findings suggest that aerial signaling-mediated plant growth promotion and abiotic stress tolerance represent potentially overlooked mechanisms of Streptomyces-plant interactions. This study also provides an exciting strategy for the regulation of plant growth and the improvement of horticultural crop yields within sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ying Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Su-Yun Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zhou X, Wang M, Yang L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu L, Chai J, Liu H, Zhao G. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses of Oat ( Avena sativa) Seedlings under Salt Stress Reveal Salt Tolerance Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2238. [PMID: 39204673 PMCID: PMC11359270 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting crop production globally. Oat (Avena sativa) is an annual cereal with a strong salt tolerance, a high yield, and nutritional quality, although the mechanisms underlying its salt stress response remain largely unknown. We examined the physiological and transcriptomic responses of A. sativa seedlings to salt stress in tolerant cultivar Qingyongjiu 195 and sensitive cultivar 709. Under salt stress, Qingyongjiu 195 maintained a higher photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzymes activity, and leaf K+ accumulation but a lower Na+ uptake than 709. RNA-seq revealed 6616 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4265 up- and 2351 downregulated. These were enriched in pathways like plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and MAPK signaling. We specifically highlight DEGs involved in photosynthesis (chlG, CP47 psbB, COX2, LHCB) and antioxidants (trxA, GroES). Qingyongjiu 195 also appeared to enhance K+ uptake via KAT1 and AKT2 and sequester Na+ in vacuoles via NHX2. Additionally, HKT restricted Na+ while promoting K+ transport to shoots, maintaining K+/Na+. The expression levels of CAX, ACA, CML, CaM, and CDPK in Qingyongjiu 195 were higher than those in 709. Oats regulated Ca2+ concentration through CAX and ACA after salt stress, decoded Ca2+ signals through CML, and then transferred Ca2+ signals to downstream receptors through the Ca2+ sensors CaM and CDPK, thereby activating K+/Na+ transporters, such as SOS1 and NHX, etc. Our results shed light on plant salt stress response mechanisms and provide transcriptomic resources for molecular breeding in improving salt tolerance in oats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Zhou
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Wenping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation (Under Preparation), Huhhot 010000, China;
| | - Linbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Jikuan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Guiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Gerplasm Innovation and Variety Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.W.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
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Alghabari F, Shah ZH. Comparative adaptability assessment of bread wheat and synthetic hexaploid genotypes under saline conditions using physiological, biochemical, and genetic indices. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1336571. [PMID: 38916034 PMCID: PMC11194433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1336571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The tolerance to salinity stress is an intricate phenomenon at cellular and whole plant level that requires the knowledge of contributing physiological and biochemical processes and the genetic control of participating traits. In this context, present study was conducted with objective to evaluate the physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of different wheat genotypes including bread wheat (BW) and synthetic hexaploids (SHs) under saline and control environment. The experiment was conducted in two factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with genotypes as one factor and treatments as another factor. A significant decline in physiological traits (chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and cell membrane stability) was observed in all genotypes due to salt stress; however, this decline was higher in BW genotypes as compared to four SH genotypes. In addition, the biochemical traits including enzymes [superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase (POD)] activity, proline, and glycine betaine (GB) illustrated significant increase along with increase in the expression of corresponding genes (TaCAT1, TaSOD, TaPRX2A, TaP5CS, and TaBADH-A1) due to salt stress in SHs as compared to BW. Correspondingly, highly overexpressed genes, TaHKT1;4, TaNHX1, and TaAKT1 caused a significant decline in Na+/K+ in SH as compared to BW genotypes under salt stress. Moreover, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and heatmap analysis have further confirmed that the association and expression of physiological and biochemical traits varied significantly with salinity stress and type of genotype. Overall, the physiological, biochemical, and genetic evaluation proved SHs as the most useful stock for transferring salinity tolerance to other superior BW cultivars via the right breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alghabari
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jaddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Hussain Shah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Zhao Y, Han KJ, Tian YT, Jia KH, El-Kassaby YA, Wu Y, Liu J, Si HY, Sun YH, Li Y. N 6-methyladenosine mRNA methylation positively regulated the response of poplar to salt stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1797-1812. [PMID: 38314665 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
As the most abundant form of methylation modification in messenger RNA (mRNA), the distribution of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been preliminarily revealed in herbaceous plants under salt stress, but its function and mechanism in woody plants were still unknown. Here, we showed that global m6A levels increased during poplar response to salt stress. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) revealed that m6A significantly enriched in the coding sequence region and 3'-untranslated regions in poplar, by recognising the conserved motifs, AGACU, GGACA and UGUAG. A large number of differential m6A transcripts have been identified, and some have been proved involving in salt response and plant growth and development. Further combined analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq revealed that the m6A hypermethylated and enrich in the CDS region preferred to positively regulate expression abundance. Writer inhibitor, 3-deazaneplanocin A treatment increased the sensitivity of poplar to salt stress by reducing mRNA stability to regulate the expression of salt-responsive transcripts PagMYB48, PagGT2, PagNAC2, PagGPX8 and PagARF2. Furthermore, we verified that the methyltransferase PagFIP37 plays a positively role in the response of poplar to salt stress, overexpressed lines have stronger salt tolerance, while RNAi lines were more sensitive to salt, which relied on regulating mRNA stability in an m6A manner of salt-responsive transcripts PagMYB48, PagGT2, PagNAC2, PagGPX8 and PagARF2. Collectively, these results revealed the regulatory role of m6A methylation in poplar response to salt stress, and revealed the importance and mechanism of m6A methylation in the response of woody plants to salt stress for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun-Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ting Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Hua Jia
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yu Si
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Han Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Qi C, Li C, Huang D, Mao H, Lin X. Overexpression of high affinity K + transporter from Nitraria sibirica enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112052. [PMID: 38417716 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Nitraria sibirica Pall is a halophytic shrub growing in desert steppe zones. It exhibits extraordinary adaptability to saline-alkali soil, drought, and sand burial. In this study, the high-affinity K+ transporter NsHKT1 was identified and found to play a key role in salt tolerance in N. sibirica. NsHKT1 was used to improve salt tolerance in a poplar hybrid. The expression characteristics of NsHKT1 were analyzed by transforming Arabidopsis and poplar with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by the NsHKT1 promoter. The results showed that NsHKT1 expression was induced by various abiotic stresses and phytohormones. GUS expression was also detected in the reproductive organs of transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating its function in regulating plant reproductive growth. Transgenic 84 K poplar plants overexpressing NsHKT1 exhibited less damage, higher antioxidant capacity, higher chlorophyll and proline levels, and lower malondialdehyde content compared with non-transgenic plants under salt stress. These results are consistent with the salt tolerance results for transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing NsHKT1, indicating that NsHKT1 plays a key role in salt tolerance in herbaceous and ligneous plants. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry showed a significantly lower leaf Na+ content in transgenic poplar than in the non-transgenic line, revealing that NsHKT1, as a member of HKT family subclass 1, was highly selective to Na+ and prevented shoot Na+ accumulation. Transcriptome analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes in transgenic poplars under salt stress were associated mainly with the isoflavonoid, cutin, suberine, wax, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and cyanoamino biosynthesis pathways, as well as the MAPK signaling pathway, indicating that NsHKT1 not only regulates ion homeostasis but also influences secondary metabolism and signal transaction in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Caifen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Duoman Huang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Huiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
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Chi BJ, Guo ZJ, Wei MY, Song SW, Zhong YH, Liu JW, Zhang YC, Li J, Xu CQ, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Structural, developmental and functional analyses of leaf salt glands of mangrove recretohalophyte Aegiceras corniculatum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad123. [PMID: 37769324 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Salt secretion is an important strategy used by the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum to adapt to the coastal intertidal environment. However, the structural, developmental and functional analyses on the leaf salt glands, particularly the salt secretion mechanism, are not well documented. In this study, we investigated the structural, developmental and degenerative characteristics and the salt secretion mechanisms of salt glands to further elucidate the mechanisms of salt tolerance of A. corniculatum. The results showed that the salt gland cells have a large number of mitochondria and vesicles, and plenty of plasmodesmata as well, while chloroplasts were found in the collecting cells. The salt glands developed early and began to differentiate at the leaf primordium stage. We observed and defined three stages of salt gland degradation for the first time in A. corniculatum, where the secretory cells gradually twisted and wrinkled inward and collapsed downward as the salt gland degeneration increased and the intensity of salt gland autofluorescence gradually diminished. In addition, we found that the salt secretion rate of the salt glands increased when the treated concentration of NaCl increased, reaching the maximum at 400 mM NaCl. The salt-secreting capacity of the salt glands of the adaxial epidermis is significantly greater than that of the abaxial epidermis. The real-time quantitative PCR results indicate that SAD2, TTG1, GL2 and RBR1 may be involved in regulating the development of the salt glands of A. corniculatum. Moreover, Na+/H+ antiporter, H+-ATPase, K+ channel and Cl- channel may play important roles in the salt secretion of salt glands. In sum mary, this study strengthens the understanding of the structural, developmental and degenerative patterns of salt glands and salt secretion mechanisms in mangrove recretohalophyte A. corniculatum, providing an important reference for further studies at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
- School of Ecology, Resources and Environment, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, China
| | - Shi-Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
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Chen C, Cheng D, Li L, Sun X, He S, Li M, Chen J. Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptome Analysis of Exogenous Brassinosteroid-Treated Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17252. [PMID: 38139080 PMCID: PMC10744020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in improving plant stress tolerance. To investigate the mechanism of BR regulation of salt tolerance in kiwifruit, we used 'Hongyang' kiwifruit as the test material. We exposed the plants to 150 mmol/L NaCl stress and irrigated them with exogenous BR (2,4-epibrassinolide). The phenotypic analysis showed that salt stress significantly inhibited photosynthesis in kiwifruit, leading to a significant increase in the H2O2 content of leaves and roots and a significant increase in Na+/K+, resulting in oxidative damage and an ion imbalance. BR treatment resulted in enhanced photosynthesis, reduced H2O2 content, and reduced Na+/K+ in leaves, alleviating the salt stress injury. Furthermore, transcriptome enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to BR treatment are involved in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and plant hormone signal transduction, among others. Among the DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction, those with the highest expression were involved in abscisic acid signal transduction. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression of the AcHKT1 gene, which regulates ion transduction, and the antioxidant enzyme AcFSD2 gene, which is a key gene for improving salt tolerance. The data suggest that BRs can improve salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Dawei Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Lan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xiaoxu Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Shasha He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453514, China
| | - Jinyong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
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Kim JH, Lim SD, Jung KH, Jang CS. Overexpression of a C3HC4-type E3-ubiquitin ligase contributes to salinity tolerance by modulating Na + homeostasis in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14075. [PMID: 38148225 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity has a negative effect on crop yield. Therefore, plants have evolved many strategies to overcome decreases in yield under saline conditions. Among these, E3-ubiquitin ligase regulates salt tolerance. We characterized Oryza sativa Really Interesting New Gene (RING) Finger C3HC4-type E3 ligase (OsRFPHC-4), which plays a positive role in improving salt tolerance. The expression of OsRFPHC-4 was downregulated by high NaCl concentrations and induced by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. GFP-fused OsRFPHC-4 was localized to the plasma membrane of rice protoplasts. OsRFPHC-4 encodes a cellular protein with a C3HC4-RING domain with E3 ligase activity. However, its variant OsRFPHC-4C161A does not possess this activity. OsRFPHC-4-overexpressing plants showed enhanced salt tolerance due to low accumulation of Na+ in both roots and leaves, low Na+ transport in the xylem sap, high accumulation of proline and soluble sugars, high activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, and differential regulation of Na+ /K+ transporter expression compared to wild-type (WT) and osrfphc-4 plants. In addition, OsRFPHC-4-overexpressing plants showed higher ABA sensitivity under exogenous ABA treatment than WT and osrfphc-4 plants. Overall, these results suggest that OsRFPHC-4 contributes to the improvement of salt tolerance and Na+ /K+ homeostasis via the regulation of changes in Na+ /K+ transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Kim
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Don Lim
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Plant Life & Resource Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Gu S, Han S, Abid M, Bai D, Lin M, Sun L, Qi X, Zhong Y, Fang J. A High-K + Affinity Transporter (HKT) from Actinidia valvata Is Involved in Salt Tolerance in Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15737. [PMID: 37958739 PMCID: PMC10647804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion transport is crucial for salt tolerance in plants. Under salt stress, the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family is mainly responsible for the long-distance transport of salt ions which help to reduce the deleterious effects of high concentrations of ions accumulated within plants. Kiwifruit is well known for its susceptibility to salt stress. Therefore, a current study was designed to decipher the molecular regulatory role of kiwifruit HKT members in the face of salt stress. The transcriptome data from Actinidia valvata revealed that salt stress significantly induced the expression of AvHKT1. A multiple sequence alignment analysis indicated that the AvHKT1 protein contains three conserved amino acid sites for the HKT family. According to subcellular localization analysis, the protein was primarily present in the cell membrane and nucleus. Additionally, we tested the AvHKT1 overexpression in 'Hongyang' kiwifruit, and the results showed that the transgenic lines exhibited less leaf damage and improved plant growth compared to the control plants. The transgenic lines displayed significantly higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values than the control plants. The MDA contents of transgenic lines were also lower than that of the control plants. Furthermore, the transgenic lines accumulated lower Na+ and K+ contents, proving this protein involvement in the transport of Na+ and K+ and classification as a type II HKT transporter. Further research showed that the peroxidase (POD) activity in the transgenic lines was significantly higher, indicating that the salt-induced overexpression of AvHKT1 also scavenged POD. The promoter of AvHKT1 contained phytohormone and abiotic stress-responsive cis-elements. In a nutshell, AvHKT1 improved kiwifruit tolerance to salinity by facilitating ion transport under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunpeng Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (S.G.); (S.H.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Jinbao Fang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (S.G.); (S.H.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (X.Q.)
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10
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Pan L, Wang S, Wang P, Fan S. Overexpression of TCP9-like gene enhances salt tolerance in transgenic soybean. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288985. [PMID: 37494336 PMCID: PMC10370689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors are a plant-specific family and play roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the functions of the TCP transcription factors in the soybean cultivars with tolerance to salt stress. In this study, TCP9-like, a TCP transcription factor, was identified in the soybean cultivars exposed to salt stress. The expression of TCP9-like gene in the roots of salt-tolerant soybean cultivars was higher than that in salt-sensitive cultivars treated with NaCl. The overexpression of TCP9-like enhanced the salt tolerance of the salt-sensitive soybean cultivar 'DN50'. In T2 generation, the plants with TCP9-like overexpression had significantly lower Na+ accumulation and higher K+ accumulation than the WT plants exposed to 200 or 250 mmol/L NaCl. The K+/Na+ ratio in the plants overexpressing TCP9-like was significantly higher than that in WT plants treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl. Meanwhile, the overexpression of TCP9-like up-regulated the expression levels of GmNHX1, GmNHX3, GmSOS1, GmSOS2-like, and GmHKT1, which were involved in the K+/Na+ homeostasis pathway. The findings indicated that TCP9-like mediated the regulation of both Na+ and K+ accumulation to improve the tolerance of soybean to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanling Zhao
- Crop Resources Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Li
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Pan
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Piwu Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujie Fan
- Plant Biotechnology Center, College of Agronomy, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li X, Zheng J, Wei W, Gong Z, Liu Z. The halophilic bacteria Gracilibacillus dipsosauri GDHT17 alleviates salt stress on perennial ryegrass seedlings. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1213884. [PMID: 37564282 PMCID: PMC10411512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1213884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adverse abiotic environmental conditions including excess salt in the soil, constantly challenge plants and disrupt the function of plants, even inflict damage on plants. Salt stress is one of the major limiting factors for agricultural productivity and severe restrictions on plant growth. One of the critical ways to improve plant salt tolerance is halotolerant bacteria application. However, few such halotolerant bacteria were known and should be explored furtherly. Methods Halophilic bacterium strain was isolated from saline soil with serial dilution and identified with classical bacteriological tests and 16S rRNA analysis. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) was used in this study to evaluate the potential effect of the bacteria. Results and discussion A halophilic bacterium strain GDHT17, was isolated from saline soil, which grows in the salinities media with 1.0%, 5.0%, and 10.0% (w/v) NaCl, and identified as Gracilibacillus dipsosauri. Inoculating GDHT17 can significantly promote ryegrass's seedling height and stem diameter and increase the root length, diameter, and surface area at different salt concentrations, indicating the significant salt stress alleviating effect of GDHT17 on the growth of ryegrass. The alleviating effect on roots growth showed more effective, especially on the root length, which increased significantly by 26.39%, 42.59%, and 98.73% at salt stress of 100 mM, 200 mM, and 300 mM NaCl when the seedlings were inoculated with GDHT17. Inoculating GDHT17 also increases perennial ryegrass biomass, water content, chlorophyll and carotenoid content under salt stress. The contents of proline and malonaldehyde in the seedlings inoculated with GDHT17 increased by 83.50% and 6.87%, when treated with 300 mM NaCl; however, the contents of MDA and Pro did not show an apparent effect under salt stress of 100 mM or 200 mM NaCl. GDHT17-inoculating maintained the Na+/K+ ratio in the salt-stressed ryegrass. The Na+/K+ ratio decreased by 26.52%, 6.89%, and 29.92% in the GDHT17-inoculated seedling roots treated with 100 mM, 200 mM, and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The GDHT17-inoculating increased the POD and SOD activity of ryegrass seedlings by 25.83% and 250.79%, respectively, at a salt stress of 300 mM NaCl, indicating the properties of GDHT17, improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes of ryegrass at the salt-stress condition. Our results suggest that G. dipsosauri GDHT17 may alleviate salt stress on ryegrass in multiple ways; hence it can be processed into microbial inoculants to increase salt tolerance of ryegrass, as well as other plants in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhenyu Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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12
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Liu Y, Wu G, Ke X, Zheng Z, Zheng Y. Loss-of-Function of ATS1 Enhances Arabidopsis Salt Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2646. [PMID: 37514260 PMCID: PMC10385056 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of lipid metabolism in various biological processes, little is known about the functionality of ATS1, a plastid glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase catalyzing the initial step of the prokaryotic glycerolipids biosynthetic pathway, in plant response to salt stress. In this study, both the loss-of-function mutants and the overexpression lines of ATS1 were analyzed for salt tolerance properties. The results showed that ATS1 overexpression lines had lower seed germination, shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, the proportion of relatively normal pod, and higher root/shoot ratio and anthocyanidin content compared with the wild type. Physiological and biochemical analysis revealed that ats1 mutants had more unsaturated fatty acids to stabilize the plasma membrane under salt damage. Additionally, less induction of three main antioxidant enzymes activity and lower MDA content in ats1 mutants indicated that mutation of the ATS1 gene could reduce the damage extent. Furthermore, the ats1 mutants maintained the K+/Na+ homeostasis by upregulating HAK5 expression to increase K+ absorption and down-regulating HKT1 expression to prevent Na+ uptake. This study suggested that the ATS1 gene negatively affects salt resistance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guifen Wu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xingxing Ke
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhifu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yueping Zheng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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13
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Maniruzzaman S, Rahman MA, Hasan M, Rasul MG, Molla AH, Khatun H, Iftekharuddaula KM, Kabir MS, Akter S. Molecular Mapping to Discover Reliable Salinity-Resilient QTLs from the Novel Landrace Akundi in Two Bi-Parental Populations Using SNP-Based Genome-Wide Analysis in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11141. [PMID: 37446320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving high-yield potential is always the ultimate objective of any breeding program. However, various abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, cold, flood, and heat hampered rice productivity tremendously. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that adversely affect rice grain yield. The present investigation was undertaken to dissect new genetic loci, which are responsible for salt tolerance at the early seedling stage in rice. A bi-parental mapping population (F2:3) was developed from the cross between BRRI dhan28/Akundi, where BRRI dhan28 (BR28) is a salt-sensitive irrigated (boro) rice mega variety and Akundi is a highly salinity-tolerant Bangladeshi origin indica rice landrace that is utilized as a donor parent. We report reliable and stable QTLs for salt tolerance from a common donor (Akundi) irrespective of two different genetic backgrounds (BRRI dhan49/Akundi and BRRI dhan28/Akundi). A robust 1k-Rice Custom Amplicon (1k-RiCA) SNP marker genotyping platform was used for genome-wide analysis of this bi-parental population. After eliminating markers with high segregation distortion, 886 polymorphic SNPs built a genetic linkage map covering 1526.5 cM of whole rice genome with an average SNP density of 1.72 cM for the 12 genetic linkage groups. A total of 12 QTLs for nine different salt tolerance-related traits were identified using QGene and inclusive composite interval mapping of additive and dominant QTL (ICIM-ADD) under salt stress on seven different chromosomes. All of these 12 new QTLs were found to be unique, as no other map from the previous study has reported these QTLs in the similar chromosomal location and found them different from extensively studied Saltol, SKC1, OsSalT, and salT locus. Twenty-eight significant digenic/epistatic interactions were identified between chromosomal regions linked to or unlinked to QTLs. Akundi acts like a new alternate donor source of salt tolerance except for other usually known donors such as Nona Bokra, Pokkali, Capsule, and Hasawi used in salt tolerance genetic analysis and breeding programs worldwide, including Bangladesh. Integration of the seven novel, reliable, stable, and background independent salinity-resilient QTLs (qSES1, qSL1, qRL1, qSUR1, qSL8, qK8, qK1) reported in this investigation will expedite the cultivar development that is highly tolerant to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Maniruzzaman
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - M Akhlasur Rahman
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Mehfuz Hasan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Golam Rasul
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Hossain Molla
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Hasina Khatun
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - K M Iftekharuddaula
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan Kabir
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akter
- Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
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14
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Vaziriyeganeh M, Khan S, Zwiazek JJ. Analysis of aquaporins in northern grasses reveal functional importance of Puccinellia nuttalliana PIP2;2 in salt tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2159-2173. [PMID: 37051679 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the roles of aquaporins in salt tolerance, we cloned PIP2;1, PIP2;2, PIP2;3, PIP1;1, PIP1;3, and TIP1;1 aquaporins from three northern grasses varying is salt tolerance including the halophytic grass Puccinellia nuttalliana, moderately salt tolerant Poa juncifolia, and relatively salt sensitive Poa pratensis. We analysed aquaporin expression in roots by exposing the plants to 0 and 150 mM for 6 days in hydroponic culture. NaCl treatment upregulated several PIP transcripts in P. nuttalliana while decreasing PnuTIP1;1. The PnuPIP2;2 transcripts increased by about six-fold in P. nuttalliana, two-fold in Poa juncifolia, and did not change in Poa pratensis. The NaCl treatment enhanced the rate of water transport in yeast expressing PnuPIP2;2 by 56% compared with control. PnuPIP2,2 expression also resulted in a higher Na+ uptake in yeast cells compared with an empty vector suggesting that PnuPIP2;2 may have both water and ion transporting functions. Structural analysis revealed that the transport properties of PnuPIP2;2 could be affected by its unique pore characteristics, which include a combination of hourglass, cylindrical, and increasing diameter conical entrance shape with pore hydropathy of -0.22.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanjida Khan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Singer SD, Lehmann M, Zhang Z, Subedi U, Burton Hughes K, Lim NZL, Ortega Polo R, Chen G, Acharya S, Hannoufa A, Huan T. Elucidation of Physiological, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Salinity Response Mechanisms in Medicago sativa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2059. [PMID: 37653976 PMCID: PMC10221938 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely grown perennial leguminous forage crop with a number of positive attributes. However, despite its moderate ability to tolerate saline soils, which are increasing in prevalence worldwide, it suffers considerable yield declines under these growth conditions. While a general framework of the cascade of events involved in plant salinity response has been unraveled in recent years, many gaps remain in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process, particularly in non-model yet economically important species such as alfalfa. Therefore, as a means of further elucidating salinity response mechanisms in this species, we carried out in-depth physiological assessments of M. sativa cv. Beaver, as well as transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic evaluations of leaf tissues, following extended exposure to salinity (grown for 3-4 weeks under saline treatment) and control conditions. In addition to the substantial growth and photosynthetic reductions observed under salinity treatment, we identified 1233 significant differentially expressed genes between growth conditions, as well as 60 annotated differentially accumulated metabolites. Taken together, our results suggest that changes to cell membranes and walls, cuticular and/or epicuticular waxes, osmoprotectant levels, antioxidant-related metabolic pathways, and the expression of genes encoding ion transporters, protective proteins, and transcription factors are likely involved in alfalfa's salinity response process. Although some of these alterations may contribute to alfalfa's modest salinity resilience, it is feasible that several may be disadvantageous in this context and could therefore provide valuable targets for the further improvement of tolerance to this stress in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D. Singer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Madeline Lehmann
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Udaya Subedi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kimberley Burton Hughes
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Z.-L. Lim
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Ortega Polo
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Surya Acharya
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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16
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Guo Z, Wei MY, Zhong YH, Wu X, Chi BJ, Li J, Li H, Zhang LD, Wang XX, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Leaf sodium homeostasis controlled by salt gland is associated with salt tolerance in mangrove plant Avicennia marina. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:817-831. [PMID: 36611000 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Avicennia marina, a mangrove plant growing in coastal wetland habitats, is frequently affected by tidal salinity. To understand its salinity tolerance, the seedlings of A. marina were treated with 0, 200, 400 and 600 mM NaCl. We found the whole-plant dry weight and photosynthetic parameters increased at 200 mM NaCl but decreased over 400 mM NaCl. The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) significantly decreased at 600 mM NaCl. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed high salinity caused the reduction in starch grain size, swelling of the thylakoids and separation of the granal stacks, and even destruction of the envelope. In addition, the dense protoplasm and abundant mitochondria in the secretory and stalk cells, and abundant plasmodesmata between salt gland cells were observed in the salt glands of the adaxial epidermis. At all salinities, Na+ content was higher in leaves than in stems and roots; however, Na+ content increased in the roots while it remained at a constant level in the leaves over 400 mM NaCl treatment, due to salt secretion from the salt glands. As a result, salt crystals on the leaf adaxial surface increased with salinity. On the other hand, salt treatment increased Na+ and K+ efflux and decreased H+ efflux from the salt glands by the non-invasive micro-test technology, although Na+ efflux reached the maximum at 400 mM NaCl. Further real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the expression of Na+/H+ antiporter (SOS1 and NHX1), H+-ATPase (AHA1 and VHA-c1) and K+ channel (AKT1, HAK5 and GORK) were up-regulated, and only the only Na+ inward transporter (HKT1) was down-regulated in the salt glands enriched adaxial epidermis of the leaves under 400 mM NaCl treatment. In conclusion, salinity below 200 mM NaCl was beneficial to the growth of A. marina, and below 400 mM, the salt glands could excrete Na+ effectively, thus improving its salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- School of Ecology, Resources and Environment, Dezhou University, 566 university Road West, Decheng District, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Bing-Jie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lu-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xue-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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17
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Silva VNB, da Silva TLC, Ferreira TMM, Neto JCR, Leão AP, de Aquino Ribeiro JA, Abdelnur PV, Valadares LF, de Sousa CAF, Júnior MTS. Multi-omics Analysis of Young Portulaca oleracea L. Plants' Responses to High NaCl Doses Reveals Insights into Pathways and Genes Responsive to Salinity Stress in this Halophyte Species. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1-21. [PMID: 36947413 PMCID: PMC9883379 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is among the abiotic stressors that threaten agriculture the most, and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a dicot species adapted to inland salt desert and saline habitats that hyper accumulates salt and has high phytoremediation potential. Many researchers consider purslane a suitable model species to study the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Here, a robust salinity stress protocol was developed and used to characterize the morphophysiological responses of young purslane plants to salinity stress; then, leaf tissue underwent characterization by distinct omics platforms to gain further insights into its response to very high salinity stress. The salinity stress protocol did generate different levels of stress by gradients of electrical conductivity at field capacity and water potential in the saturation extract of the substrate, and the morphological parameters indicated three distinct stress levels. As expected from a halophyte species, these plants remained alive under very high levels of salinity stress, showing salt crystal-like structures constituted mainly by Na+, Cl-, and K+ on and around closed stomata. A comprehensive and large-scale metabolome and transcriptome single and integrated analyses were then employed using leaf samples. The multi-omics integration (MOI) system analysis led to a data-set of 51 metabolic pathways with at least one enzyme and one metabolite differentially expressed due to salinity stress. These data sets (of genes and metabolites) are valuable for future studies aimed to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms behind the high tolerance of this species to salinity stress. In conclusion, besides showing that this species applies salt exclusion already in young plants to support very high levels of salinity stress, the initial analysis of metabolites and transcripts data sets already give some insights into other salt tolerance mechanisms used by this species to support high levels of salinity stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00061-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianny Nayse Belo Silva
- Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Pereira Leão
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF 70770‐901 Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Verardi Abdelnur
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690‐900 Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF 70770‐901 Brazil
| | | | | | - Manoel Teixeira Souza Júnior
- Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000 Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF 70770‐901 Brazil
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18
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Moon YS, Khan M, Khan MA, Ali S. Ameliorative symbiosis of Serratia fonticola (S1T1) under salt stress condition enhance growth-promoting attributes of Cucumis sativus L. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Huang B, Liao Q, Fu H, Ye Z, Mao Y, Luo J, Wang Y, Yuan H, Xin J. Effect of potassium intake on cadmium transporters and root cell wall biosynthesis in sweet potato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 250:114501. [PMID: 36603483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large areas of farmland soil in southern China are deficient in potassium (K) and are contaminated with cadmium (Cd). Previously, we suggested that the K supplementation could reduce Cd accumulation in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). In the present study, we investigated the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. A hydroponic experiment with different K and Cd treatments was performed to compare the transcriptome profile and the cell wall structure in the roots of sweet potato using RNA sequencing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that K supply inhibits the expressions of IRT1 and YSL3, which are responsible for root Cd uptake under Cd exposure. Furthermore, the expressions of COPT5 and Nramp3 were downregulated by K, which increased Cd retention in the root vacuoles. The upregulation of POD, CAD, INT1 and SUS by K contributed to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis and thickening of root xylem cell wall, which further reduced Cd translocation to the shoot. In addition, K affected the expressions of LHT, ACS, TPS and TPP associated with the production of ethylene and trehalose, which involved in plant resistance to Cd toxicity. In general, K application could decrease the uptake and translocation of Cd in sweet potatoes by regulating the expression of genes associated with Cd transporters and root cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baifei Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Qiong Liao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Huiling Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yixiao Mao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jiemei Luo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yating Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Haiwei Yuan
- Hunan Huanbaoqiao Ecology and Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410221, China
| | - Junliang Xin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China.
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20
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Fang D, Zhang W, Ye Z, Hu F, Cheng X, Cao J. The plant specific SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) proteins: Structure and functions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:685-695. [PMID: 36565613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant specific SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) protein is a transcription factor involved in the formation and development of early lateral organs in plants. However, research on the SHI/STY protein family is not focused enough. In this article, we review recent studies on SHI/STY genes and explore the evolution and structure of SHI/STY. The biological functions of SHI/STYs are discussed in detail in this review, and the application of each biological function to modern agriculture is discussed. All SHI/STY proteins contain typical conserved RING-like zinc finger domain and IGGH domain. SHI/STYs are involved in the formation and development of lateral root, stem extension, leaf morphogenesis, and root nodule development. They are also involved in the regulation of pistil and stamen development and flowering time. At the same time, the regulation of some GA, JA, and auxin signals also involves these family proteins. For each aspect, unanswered or poorly understood questions were identified to help define future research areas. This review will provide a basis for further functional study of this gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuzhu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Batra N, Kumari N, Sharma V. Salt stress in plants and amelioration strategies: alleviation of agriculture and livelihood risks after the Covid-19 pandemic. VEGETOS (BAREILLY, INDIA) 2023; 36:268-274. [PMID: 36540658 PMCID: PMC9755768 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-022-00534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture sustains the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people worldwide. The growing nature of disasters, the systemic nature of risk, a more recent pandemic along with abiotic stress factors are endangering our entire food system. In these stressful environment, it is widely reprimanded that strategies should be encompassed to attain increased crop yield and economic returns which would alleviate food and nutritional scarcity in developing countries. To study the physiological responses to salt stress, Vigna radiata seedlings subjected to varying levels of salt stress (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) were evaluated by tracking changes in Chl a fluorescence, pigment content, free proline and carotenoids content by HPLC. The ability of plants to adapt to salt stress is related with the plasticity and resilience of photosynthesis. As salt concentration increased, chlorophyll fluorescence indices decreased and a reduction in the PSII linear electron transport rate was observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used for in vitro non-invasive monitoring of plants responses to salt stress. Overall, Vigna responded to salt stress by the changes in avoidance mechanism and protective systems. Chl fluorescence indices, enzymatic contents of POD, CAT and free proline were sensitive to salt stress. The study is significant to evaluate the tolerance mechanisms of plants to salt stress and may develop insights for breeding new salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan 302020 India
| | - Nilima Kumari
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, 304022 India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, RIICO Kant Kalwar Industrial Area, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303002 India
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22
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Liu L, Wei X, Yang Z, Yuan F, Han G, Guo J, Wang B. SbCASP-LP1C1 improves salt exclusion by enhancing the root apoplastic barrier. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:73-88. [PMID: 36372837 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C4 crop with high biomass and strong resistance to multiple stresses, can grow and reproduce in saline-alkaline soil and is an ideal raw material for biofuels. Under high-salinity conditions, sweet sorghum shows extensive salt exclusion. However, the specific molecular mechanism of the apoplastic barrier in salt exclusion is unknown. In this study, SbCASP-LP1C1 (a CASP-like protein1C1) was localized in the plasma membrane of sweet sorghum root endodermal cells, and its function was further studied by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis (35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP). When germinated and grown on 50 mM NaCl, the SbCASP-LP1C1-expressing lines had longer roots and a higher salinity threshold compared with wild-type (Col-0) plant and the casp-lp T-DNA insertion mutant in Arabidopsis. The 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines also suffered less oxidative damage as determined by DAB and NBT staining, and the expression levels of several antioxidant genes were higher in these lines. Moreover, the stele of 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines was less permeable to propidium iodide, and these plants contained less Na+ in their shoots and roots compared to wild type and casp-lp. In the 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines, the expression levels of two Casparian strip synthesis genes, MYB36 and ESB1, were increased. These results indicate that SbCASP-LP1C1 may be involved in the polymerization of lignin monomers in the Casparian strip of sweet sorghum, thereby regulating salt tolerance. These results provide a theoretical basis to understand the role of plant roots in salt exclusion and a means by which to improve the salt tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocen Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biologic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, 250306, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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23
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Aycan M, Baslam M, Mitsui T, Yildiz M. The TaGSK1, TaSRG, TaPTF1, and TaP5CS Gene Transcripts Confirm Salinity Tolerance by Increasing Proline Production in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233401. [PMID: 36501443 PMCID: PMC9738719 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an abiotic stress factor that reduces yield and threatens food security in the world's arid and semi-arid regions. The development of salt-tolerant genotypes is critical for mitigating yield losses, and this journey begins with the identification of sensitive and tolerant plants. Numerous physiologic and molecular markers for detecting salt-tolerant wheat genotypes have been developed. One of them is proline, which has been used for a long time but has received little information about proline-related genes in wheat genotypes. In this study, proline content and the expression levels of proline-related genes (TaPTF1, TaDHN, TaSRG, TaSC, TaPIMP1, TaMIP, TaHKT1;4, TaGSK, TaP5CS, and TaMYB) were examined in sensitive, moderate, and tolerant genotypes under salt stress (0, 50, 150, and 250 mM NaCl) for 0, 12, and 24 h. Our results show that salt stress increased the proline content in all genotypes, but it was found higher in salt-tolerant genotypes than in moderate and sensitive genotypes. The salinity stress increased gene expression levels in salt-tolerant and moderate genotypes. While salt-stress exposure for 12 and 24 h had a substantial effect on gene expression in wheat, TaPTF1, TaPIMP1, TaMIP, TaHKT1;4, and TaMYB genes were considerably upregulated in 24 h. The salt-tolerant genotypes showed a higher positive interaction than a negative interaction. The TaPTF1, TaP5CS, TaGSK1, and TaSRG genes were found to be more selective than the other analyzed genes under salt-stress conditions. Despite each gene's specific function, increasing proline biosynthesis functioned as a common mechanism for separating salt tolerance from sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Aycan
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Mustafa Yildiz
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye
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24
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Rahman MA, Woo JH, Lee SH, Park HS, Kabir AH, Raza A, El Sabagh A, Lee KW. Regulation of Na +/H + exchangers, Na +/K + transporters, and lignin biosynthesis genes, along with lignin accumulation, sodium extrusion, and antioxidant defense, confers salt tolerance in alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1041764. [PMID: 36420040 PMCID: PMC9676661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of high sodium (Na+) leads to disruption of metabolic processes and decline in plant growth and productivity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to clarify how Na+/H+ exchangers and Na+/K+ transporter genes contribute to Na+ homeostasis and the substantial involvement of lignin biosynthesis genes in salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which is poorly understood. In this study, high Na+ exhibited a substantial reduction of morphophysiological indices and induced oxidative stress indicators in Xingjiang Daye (XJD; sensitive genotype), while Zhongmu (ZM; tolerant genotype) remained unaffected. The higher accumulation of Na+ and the lower accumulation of K+ and K+/(Na+ + K+) ratio were found in roots and shoots of XJD compared with ZM under salt stress. The ZM genotype showed a high expression of SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1), NHX1 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1), and HKT1 (high-affinity potassium transporter 1), which were involved in K+ accumulation and excess Na+ extrusion from the cells compared with XJD. The lignin accumulation was higher in the salt-adapted ZM genotype than the sensitive XJD genotype. Consequently, several lignin biosynthesis-related genes including 4CL2, CCoAOMT, COMT, CCR, C4H, PAL1, and PRX1 exhibited higher mRNA expression in salt-tolerant ZM compared with XJD. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) activity was higher in ZM relative to XJD. This result suggests that high antioxidant provided the defense against oxidative damages in ZM, whereas low enzyme activity with high Na+ triggered the oxidative damage in XJD. These findings together illustrate the ion exchanger, antiporter, and lignin biosysthetic genes involving mechanistic insights into differential salt tolerance in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Woo
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyung Soo Park
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Ki-Won Lee
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
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25
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Cai Y, Feng Y, Zhong C, Fang Z, Zhang Y. De novo transcriptome analysis of high-salinity stress-induced antioxidant activity and plant phytohormone alterations in Sesuvium portulacastrum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995855. [PMID: 36212296 PMCID: PMC9540214 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sesuvium portulacastrum has a strong salt tolerance and can grow in saline and alkaline coastal and inland habitats. This study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of S. portulacastrum to high salinity by analyzing the changes in plant phytohormones and antioxidant activity, including their differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under similar high-salinity conditions. High salinity significantly affected proline (Pro) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in S. portulacastrum seedlings, increasing Pro and H2O2 contents by 290.56 and 83.36%, respectively, compared to the control. Antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), significantly increased by 83.05, 205.14, and 751.87%, respectively, under high salinity. Meanwhile, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) contents showed the reverse trend of high salt treatment. De novo transcriptome analysis showed that 36,676 unigenes were matched, and 3,622 salt stress-induced DEGs were identified as being associated with the metabolic and biological regulation processes of antioxidant activity and plant phytohormones. POD and SOD were upregulated under high-salinity conditions. In addition, the transcription levels of genes involved in auxin (SAURs and GH3), ethylene (ERF1, ERF3, ERF114, and ABR1), ABA (PP2C), and GA3 (PIF3) transport or signaling were altered. This study identified key metabolic and biological processes and putative genes involved in the high salt tolerance of S. portulacastrum and it is of great significance for identifying new salt-tolerant genes to promote ecological restoration of the coastal strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiQing Chen
- Hainan Academy of Forestry, Hainan Mangrove Research Institute, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Mangrove Institute, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuyi Cai
- Mangrove Institute, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongpei Feng
- Mangrove Institute, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry, Hainan Mangrove Research Institute, Haikou, China
| | - ZanShan Fang
- Hainan Academy of Forestry, Hainan Mangrove Research Institute, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hainan Academy of Forestry, Hainan Mangrove Research Institute, Haikou, China
- Mangrove Institute, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
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26
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Raziq A, Mohi Ud Din A, Anwar S, Wang Y, Jahan MS, He M, Ling CG, Sun J, Shu S, Guo S. Exogenous spermidine modulates polyamine metabolism and improves stress responsive mechanisms to protect tomato seedlings against salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 187:1-10. [PMID: 35939983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects plant growth, development, and crop productivity causing serious economic loss to agricultural production. Here, we investigated the exogenous application of spermidine (Spd) on tomato seedlings grown under salt stress. Salt stress reduced plant growth, biomass accumulation and chlorophyll contents, thus negatively affecting photosynthesis. Alternatively, Spd application effectively reduced the salinity-induced adverse effects in tomato seedlings by activating the H2O2 mediated signaling involving the enhanced expression of RBOH1 and salt stress-responsive genes SlMYB102, SlHKT1, SlWRKY1 and SlDREB2, and improving detoxification through higher antioxidative activity and osmolyte (proline) accumulation under salt stress. It was further confirmed by significantly lower amount of H2O2, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage, and better ion homeostasis (Na+/K+ ratio) and photosynthetic performance of Spd-treated seedlings under salt stress. Furthermore, Spd application modulated endogenous polyamines and enhanced the biosynthesis of endogenous Spd and spermine from putrescine. Altogether, these results confirm the important role of Spd against salt stress and suggest that the increased endogenous Spd content in plants could regulate a number of stress-responsive mechanisms to protect tomato seedlings against salt stress. These results provide a good direction for further elucidation of the detailed interplay between polyamine metabolism and H2O2-mediated signaling, which would help to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raziq
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Vegetable and Seed Production Agriculture Research Institute, Village Aid Sariab, Quetta, 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Atta Mohi Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Mingming He
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chen Guang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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27
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Zhou Y, Wen L, Liao L, Lin S, Zheng E, Li Y, Zhang Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis unveiling reactive oxygen species scavenging system of Sonneratia caseolaris under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:953450. [PMID: 35958196 PMCID: PMC9358527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many mangrove forests have undergone major changes as a result of human activity and global climate change. Sonneratia caseolaris is a common tree located in inner mangroves, and its range extends inland along tidal creeks, as far as the influence of salinity extends. This study investigated the physiological and molecular response mechanisms of S. caseolaris by analyzing its antioxidant defense capacity, including its differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under similar salt stress conditions. Salt treatment significantly affected the osmoprotectants and lipid peroxidation in S. caseolaris seedlings, which increased proline (Pro) content by 31.01-54.90% during all sample periods and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content by 12.81 and 18.17% at 25 and 40 days under 3.0% NaCl treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly following 3.0% NaCl treatment. Transcriptome analysis following De novo assembly showed 26,498 matched unigenes. The results showed that 1,263 DEGs responded to transcription factors (TFs) and plant phytohormones and mediated oxidoreductase activity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the control vs. 3.0% NaCl comparison. In addition, the transcription levels of genes associated with auxin and ethylene signal transduction also changed. Under salt stress, ROS scavenging genes (POD, CAT, and APX) and part of AP2, MYB, NAC, C2C2, bHLH, and WRKY TFs were upregulated. This study identified important pathways and candidate genes involved in S. caseolaris salinity tolerance and provided suggestions for further research into the mechanisms of salt tolerance in S. caseolaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Zhang
- Mangrove Institute, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
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28
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Liu L, Weng Y, Fang J, Zhao Z, Du S. Understanding the effect of GO on nitrogen assimilation in wheat through transcriptomics and metabolic process analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134000. [PMID: 35192852 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of graphene oxide (GO) has resulted in its inevitable entry into the environment. It has been established that GO is detrimental to nitrogen accumulation in plants, as nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient for plant growth. However, its influence on nitrogen assimilation has not yet been investigated comprehensively. Based on the analysis of transcriptomics and nitrogen metabolites, this study showed that 400 mg L-1 GO exposure downregulated most of the genes encoding nitrogen-assimilating enzymes, including nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). The activities of the above enzymes in wheat roots were also reduced with GO addition, and the activities of NR and GS, the rate-limiting enzymes of nitrate and ammonium assimilation, were approximately 75% and 76% lower with 400 mg L-1 GO supply, respectively, compared to those upon control treatment. Correspondingly, GO appears to exert a negative effect on multiple nitrogen assimilation products, including nitrous nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, glutamine, glutamate, and soluble protein. In summary, this study showed that GO has adverse effects on the nitrogen assimilation of plants, and NR and GS are the most affected sites. Our findings would provide deeper insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying GO phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yineng Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jin Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Ankit A, Kamali S, Singh A. Genomic & structural diversity and functional role of potassium (K +) transport proteins in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:844-857. [PMID: 35367275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and productivity. It is the most abundant cation in plants and is involved in various cellular processes. Variable K+ availability is sensed by plant roots, consequently K+ transport proteins are activated to optimize K+ uptake. In addition to K+ uptake and translocation these proteins are involved in other important physiological processes like transmembrane voltage regulation, polar auxin transport, maintenance of Na+/K+ ratio and stomata movement during abiotic stress responses. K+ transport proteins display tremendous genomic and structural diversity in plants. Their key structural features, such as transmembrane domains, N-terminal domains, C-terminal domains and loops determine their ability of K+ uptake and transport and thus, provide functional diversity. Most K+ transporters are regulated at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Genetic manipulation of key K+ transporters/channels could be a prominent strategy for improving K+ utilization efficiency (KUE) in plants. This review discusses the genomic and structural diversity of various K+ transport proteins in plants. Also, an update on the function of K+ transport proteins and their regulatory mechanism in response to variable K+ availability, in improving KUE, biotic and abiotic stresses is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ankit
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Joshi S, Nath J, Singh AK, Pareek A, Joshi R. Ion transporters and their regulatory signal transduction mechanisms for salinity tolerance in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13702. [PMID: 35524987 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most serious threats to plant growth and productivity. Due to global climate change, burgeoning population and shrinking arable land, there is an urgent need to develop crops with minimum reduction in yield when cultivated in salt-affected areas. Salinity stress imposes osmotic stress as well as ion toxicity, which impairs major plant processes such as photosynthesis, cellular metabolism, and plant nutrition. One of the major effects of salinity stress in plants includes the disturbance of ion homeostasis in various tissues. In the present study, we aimed to review the regulation of uptake, transport, storage, efflux, influx, and accumulation of various ions in plants under salinity stress. We have summarized major research advancements towards understanding the ion homeostasis at both cellular and whole-plant level under salinity stress. We have also discussed various factors regulating the function of ion transporters and channels in maintaining ion homeostasis and ionic interactions under salt stress, including plant antioxidative defense, osmo-protection, and osmoregulation. We further elaborated on stress perception at extracellular and intracellular levels, which triggers downstream intracellular-signaling cascade, including secondary messenger molecules generation. Various signaling and signal transduction mechanisms under salinity stress and their role in improving ion homeostasis in plants are also discussed. Taken together, the present review focuses on recent advancements in understanding the regulation and function of different ion channels and transporters under salt stress, which may pave the way for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Joshi
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jhilmil Nath
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nykiel M, Gietler M, Fidler J, Prabucka B, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Graska J, Boguszewska-Mańkowska D, Muszyńska E, Morkunas I, Labudda M. Signal Transduction in Cereal Plants Struggling with Environmental Stresses: From Perception to Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1009. [PMID: 35448737 PMCID: PMC9026486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cereal plants under abiotic or biotic stressors to survive unfavourable conditions and continue growth and development, rapidly and precisely identify external stimuli and activate complex molecular, biochemical, and physiological responses. To elicit a response to the stress factors, interactions between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, calcium ions, mitogen-activated protein kinases, calcium-dependent protein kinases, calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase, phytohormones and transcription factors occur. The integration of all these elements enables the change of gene expression, and the release of the antioxidant defence and protein repair systems. There are still numerous gaps in knowledge on these subjects in the literature caused by the multitude of signalling cascade components, simultaneous activation of multiple pathways and the intersection of their individual elements in response to both single and multiple stresses. Here, signal transduction pathways in cereal plants under drought, salinity, heavy metal stress, pathogen, and pest attack, as well as the crosstalk between the reactions during double stress responses are discussed. This article is a summary of the latest discoveries on signal transduction pathways and it integrates the available information to better outline the whole research problem for future research challenges as well as for the creative breeding of stress-tolerant cultivars of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nykiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Justyna Fidler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Jakub Graska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | | | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
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Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:33-92. [PMID: 34881420 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades, including omics, genome-wide association study, phytohormone action, nutrient use, biotic and abiotic responses, photoperiodic flowering, and reproductive development (fertility and sterility). For the roads ahead, cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, precise genome-editing tools, environmental microbiome optimization, and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice, and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications.
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Malakar P, Chattopadhyay D. Adaptation of plants to salt stress: the role of the ion transporters. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 30:668-683. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s13562-021-00741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Saddhe AA, Mishra AK, Kumar K. Molecular insights into the role of plant transporters in salt stress response. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1481-1494. [PMID: 33963568 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress disturbs the cellular osmotic and ionic balance, which then creates a negative impact on plant growth and development. The Na+ and Cl- ions can enter into plant cells through various membrane transporters, including specific and non-specific Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ transporters. Therefore, it is important to understand Na+ and K+ transport mechanisms in plants along with the isolation of genes, their characterization, the structural features, and their post-translation regulation under salt stress. This review summarizes the molecular insights of plant ion transporters, including non-selective cation transporters, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation transporters, glutamate-like receptors, membrane intrinsic proteins, cation proton antiporters, and sodium proton antiporter families. Further, we discussed the K+ transporter families such as high-affinity K+ transporters, HAK/KUP/KT transporters, shaker type K+ transporters, and K+ efflux antiporters. Besides the ion transport process, we have shed light on available literature on epigenetic regulation of transport processes under salt stress. Recent advancements of salt stress sensing mechanisms and various salt sensors within signaling transduction pathways are discussed. Further, we have compiled salt-stress signaling pathways, and their crosstalk with phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Ashok Saddhe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
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Pabuayon ICM, Jiang J, Qian H, Chung JS, Shi H. Gain-of-function mutations of AtNHX1 suppress sos1 salt sensitivity and improve salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. STRESS BIOLOGY 2021; 1:14. [PMID: 37676545 PMCID: PMC10441915 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity severely hampers agricultural productivity. Under salt stress, excess Na+ accumulation causes cellular damage and plant growth retardation, and membrane Na+ transporters play central roles in Na+ uptake and exclusion to mitigate these adverse effects. In this study, we performed sos1 suppressor mutant (named sup) screening to uncover potential genetic interactors of SOS1 and additional salt tolerance mechanisms. Map-based cloning and sequencing identified a group of mutants harboring dominant gain-of-function mutations in the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene AtNHX1. The gain-of-function variants of AtNHX1 showed enhanced transporter activities in yeast cells and increased salt tolerance in Arabidopsis wild type plants. Ion content measurements indicated that at the cellular level, these gain-of-function mutations resulted in increased cellular Na+ accumulation likely due to enhanced vacuolar Na+ sequestration. However, the gain-of-function suppressor mutants showed reduced shoot Na+ but increased root Na+ accumulation under salt stress, indicating a role of AtNHX1 in limiting Na+ translocation from root to shoot. We also identified another group of sos1 suppressors with loss-of-function mutations in the Na+ transporter gene AtHKT1. Loss-of-function mutations in AtHKT1 and gain-of-function mutations in AtNHX1 additively suppressed sos1 salt sensitivity, which indicates that the three transporters, SOS1, AtNHX1 and AtHKT1 function independently but coordinately in controlling Na+ homeostasis and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Our findings provide valuable information about the target amino acids in NHX1 for gene editing to improve salt tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
- Current address: State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongjia Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
| | - Jung-Sung Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA
- Current address: Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79424, USA.
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Karlova R, Boer D, Hayes S, Testerink C. Root plasticity under abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1057-1070. [PMID: 34734279 PMCID: PMC8566202 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten existing ecological and agricultural systems across the globe. Plant roots perceive these stresses in the soil and adapt their architecture accordingly. This review provides insights into recent discoveries showing the importance of root system architecture (RSA) and plasticity for the survival and development of plants under heat, cold, drought, salt, and flooding stress. In addition, we review the molecular regulation and hormonal pathways involved in controlling RSA plasticity, main root growth, branching and lateral root growth, root hair development, and formation of adventitious roots. Several stresses affect root anatomy by causing aerenchyma formation, lignin and suberin deposition, and Casparian strip modulation. Roots can also actively grow toward favorable soil conditions and avoid environments detrimental to their development. Recent advances in understanding the cellular mechanisms behind these different root tropisms are discussed. Understanding root plasticity will be instrumental for the development of crops that are resilient in the face of abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Damian Boer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Author for communication:
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Kim JH, Lim SD, Jang CS. Oryza sativa, C4HC3-type really interesting new gene (RING), OsRFPv6, is a positive regulator in response to salt stress by regulating Na + absorption. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:883-895. [PMID: 34142383 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity negatively affects plant growth, productivity, and metabolism. Therefore, plants have evolved diverse strategies to survive in saline environments. To identify such strategies involving the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system, we characterized molecular functions of a rice C4HC3 really interesting new gene (RING)-type E3-ubiquitin ligase gene. Oryza sativa RING finger protein v6 (OsRFPv6) was highly expressed under conditions of abiotic stress, induced by 100 mM NaCl and 20% PEG. The GFP-OsRFPv6 protein was localized in the plasma membrane and cytosol in rice protoplasts. In vitro ubiquitin assay revealed that OsRFPv6 possessed E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, but its variant OsRFPv6C100A did not. OsRFPv6-overexpressing plants were insensitive to salinity, but their growth was delayed under normal conditions. Under saline conditions, transgenic plants exhibited higher proline, soluble sugar, and chlorophyll content and lower H2 O2 accumulation than wild-type plants. Moreover, transgenic plants exhibited lower Na+ uptake, lower Na+ content, and higher K+ content in the xylem sap assay. Under saline conditions, the expression levels of nine Na+ /K+ transporter genes in roots and leaves were significantly different between transgenic and wild-type plants. Specifically, under both normal and saline conditions, the expression of OsHKT2;1, a Na+ transporter, in the roots of transgenic plants was lower than that in the roots of wild-type plants. These results suggest that OsRFPv6 E3-ubiquitin ligase serves as a positive regulator of salinity response via Na+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Kim
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Don Lim
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Plant Life and Resource Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Zou L, Li T, Li B, He J, Liao C, Wang L, Xue S, Sun T, Ma X, Wu Q. De novo transcriptome analysis provides insights into the salt tolerance of Podocarpus macrophyllus under salinity stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:489. [PMID: 34696735 PMCID: PMC8543971 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization is causing ecosystem degradation and crop yield reduction worldwide, and elucidation of the mechanism of salt-tolerant plants to improve crop yield is highly significant. Podocarpus macrophyllus is an ancient gymnosperm species with a unique environmental adaptation strategy that may be attributed to its lengthy evolutionary process. The present study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of P. macrophyllus plants to salt stress by analyzing its photosynthetic system and antioxidant enzyme activity. We also analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in P. macrophyllus under salt stress using RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly. RESULTS Salt treatment significantly affected the photosynthetic system in P. macrophyllus seedlings, which decreased chlorophyll content, altered chloroplast ultrastructure, and reduced photosynthesis. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased significantly following salt stress treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that salt stress induced a large number of genes involved in multiple metabolic and biological regulation processes. The transcription levels of genes that mediate phytohormone transport or signaling were altered. K+ and Ca2+ transporter-encoding genes and the MYB transcription factor were upregulated under salt stress. However, the genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and secondary metabolism were downregulated. CONCLUSION Our research identified some important pathways and putative genes involved in salt tolerance in P. macrophyllus and provided clues for elucidating the mechanism of salt tolerance and the utilization of the salt tolerance genes of P. macrophyllus for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zou
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000 China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036 Henan China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036 Henan China
| | - Jing He
- The Environmental Monitoring Station of Chuanshan District, Suining, 629000 China
| | - Chunli Liao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036 Henan China
| | - Lianzhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036 Henan China
| | - Shouyu Xue
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036 Henan China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036 Henan China
| | - Xuan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Qinggui Wu
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000 China
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Barros NLF, Marques DN, Tadaiesky LBA, de Souza CRB. Halophytes and other molecular strategies for the generation of salt-tolerant crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:581-591. [PMID: 33773233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The current increase in salinity can intensify the disparity between potential and actual crop yields, thus affecting economies and food security. One of the mitigating alternatives is plant breeding via biotechnology, where advances achieved so far are significant. Considering certain aspects when developing studies related to plant breeding can determine the success and accuracy of experimental design. Besides this strategy, halophytes with intrinsic and efficient abilities against salinity can be used as models for improving the response of crops to salinity stress. As crops are mostly glycophytes, it is crucial to point out the molecular differences between these two groups of plants, which may be the key to guiding and optimizing the transformation of glycophytes with halophytic tolerance genes. Therefore, this can broaden perspectives in the trajectory of research towards the cultivation, commercialization, and consumption of salt-tolerant crops on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deyvid Novaes Marques
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lorene Bianca Araújo Tadaiesky
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, CEP 66075-110, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, CEP 66077-530, Brazil
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Zhao S, Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhou H, Ma C, Wang P. Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094609. [PMID: 33924753 PMCID: PMC8125386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental stress that affects plant growth and development. Plants are sessile and thus have to develop suitable mechanisms to adapt to high-salt environments. Salt stress increases the intracellular osmotic pressure and can cause the accumulation of sodium to toxic levels. Thus, in response to salt stress signals, plants adapt via various mechanisms, including regulating ion homeostasis, activating the osmotic stress pathway, mediating plant hormone signaling, and regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and the cell wall composition. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress could provide valuable strategies to improve agricultural crop yields. In this review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the regulation of plant salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-531-8618-0792 (S.Z.); Fax: +86-531-8618-0792 (P.W.)
| | - Qikun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Pingping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-531-8618-0792 (S.Z.); Fax: +86-531-8618-0792 (P.W.)
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Transcriptome analysis of upland cotton revealed novel pathways to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) responding to Na 2SO 4 tolerance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8670. [PMID: 33883626 PMCID: PMC8060397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an extensive and adverse environmental stress to crop plants across the globe, and a major abiotic constraint responsible for limited crop production threatening the crop security. Soil salinization is a widespread problem across the globe, threatening the crop production and food security. Salinity impairs plant growth and development via reduction in osmotic potential, cytotoxicity due to excessive uptake of ions such as sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-), and nutritional imbalance. Cotton, being the most cultivated crop on saline-alkaline soils, it is of great importance to elucidate the mechanisms involved in Na2SO4 tolerance which is still lacking in upland cotton. Zhong 9835, a Na2SO4 resistant cultivar was screened for transcriptomic studies through various levels of Na2SO4 treatments, which results into identification of 3329 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots, stems and leave at 300 mM Na2SO4 stress till 12 h in compared to control. According to gene functional annotation analysis, genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system including osmotic stress and ion toxicity were significantly up-regulated, especially GST (glutathione transferase). In addition, analysis for sulfur metabolism, results in to identification of two rate limiting enzymes [APR (Gh_D05G1637) and OASTL (Gh_A13G0863)] during synthesis of GSH from SO42-. Furthermore, we also observed a crosstalk of the hormones and TFs (transcription factors) enriched in hormone signal transduction pathway. Genes related to IAA exceeds the rest of hormones followed by ubiquitin related genes which are greater than TFs. The analysis of the expression profiles of diverse tissues under Na2SO4 stress and identification of relevant key hub genes in a network crosstalk will provide a strong foundation and valuable clues for genetic improvements of cotton in response to various salt stresses.
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Abbasi-Vineh MA, Sabet MS, Karimzadeh G. Identification and Functional Analysis of Two Purple Acid Phosphatases AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 Involved in Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:618716. [PMID: 33679819 PMCID: PMC7928345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to salinity is a complex genetic trait including numerous physiological processes, such as metabolic pathways and gene networks; thereby, identification of genes indirectly affecting, as well as those directly influencing, is of utmost importance. In this study, we identified and elucidated the functional characterization of AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 genes, as two novel purple acid phosphatases associated with high-salt tolerance in NaCl-stressed conditions. Here, the overexpression of both genes enhanced the expression level of AtSOS1, AtSOS2, AtSOS3, AtHKT1, AtVPV1, and AtNHX1 genes, involving in the K+/Na+ homeostasis pathway. The improved expression of the genes led to facilitating intracellular Na+ homeostasis and decreasing the ion-specific damages occurred in overexpressed genotypes (OEs). An increase in potassium content and K+/Na+ ratio was observed in OE17 and OE26 genotypes as well; however, lower content of sodium accumulated in these plants at 150 mM NaCl. The overexpression of these two genes resulted in the upregulation of the activity of the catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Consequently, the overexpressed plants showed the lower levels of hydrogen peroxide where the lowest amount of lipid peroxidation occurred in these lines. Besides the oxidation resistance, the boost of the osmotic regulation through the increased proline and glycine-betaine coupled with a higher content of pigments and carbohydrates resulted in significantly enhancing biomass production and yield in the OEs under 150 mM NaCl. High-salt stress was also responsible for a sharp induction on the expression of both PAP17 and PAP26 genes. Our results support the hypothesis that these two phosphatases are involved in plant responses to salt stress by APase activity and/or non-APase activity thereof. The overexpression of PAP17 and PAP26 could result in increasing the intracellular APase activity in both OEs, which exhibited significant increases in the total phosphate and free Pi content compared to the wild-type plants. Opposite results witnessed in mutant genotypes (Mu17, Mu26, and DM), associating with the loss of AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 functions, clearly confirmed the role of these two genes in salt tolerance. Hence, these genes can be used as candidate genes in molecular breeding approaches to improve the salinity tolerance of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Abbasi-Vineh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Karimzadeh
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Tounsi S, Saïdi MN, Abdelhedi R, Feki K, Bahloul N, Alcon C, Masmoudi K, Brini F. Functional analysis of TmHKT1;4-A2 promoter through deletion analysis provides new insight into the regulatory mechanism underlying abiotic stress adaptation. PLANTA 2021; 253:18. [PMID: 33392811 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioinformatic, molecular, and biochemical analysis were performed to get more insight into the regulatory mechanism by which TmHKT1;4-A2 is regulated. HKT transporters from different plant species have been shown to play important role in plant response to salt. In previous work, TmHKT1;4-A2 gene from Triticum monococcum has been characterized as a major gene for Nax1 QTL (Tounsi et al. Plant Cell Physiol 57:2047-2057, 2016). So far, little is known about its regulatory mechanism. In this study, the promoter region of TmHKT1;4-A2 (1400 bp) was isolated and considered as the full-length promoter (PA2-1400). In silico analysis revealed the presence of important cis-acting elements related to abiotic stresses and phytohormones. Interestingly, our real-time RT-PCR analysis provided evidence that TmHKT1;4-A2 is regulated not only by salt stress but also by osmotic, heavy metal, oxidative, and hormones stresses. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants, TmHKT1;4-A2 is strongly active in vascular tissues of roots and leaves. Through 5'-end deletion analysis, we showed that PA2-1400 promoter is able to drive strong GUS activity under normal conditions and in response to different stresses compared to PA2-824 and PA2-366 promoters. These findings provide new information on the regulatory mechanism of TmHKT1;4-A2 and shed more light on its role under different stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tounsi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Najib Saïdi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kaouthar Feki
- Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology Bordj Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Noura Bahloul
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Carine Alcon
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire Des Plantes, PHIV Platform, UMR 5004 CNRS/386, INRA/Supagro Montpellier/Université Montpellier 2, Campus Supagro-INRA, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, B.P "1177", 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Santander C, Aroca R, Cartes P, Vidal G, Cornejo P. Aquaporins and cation transporters are differentially regulated by two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains in lettuce cultivars growing under salinity conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:396-409. [PMID: 33248899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the effects of AM symbiosis on the expression patterns of genes associated with K+ and Na+ compartmentalization and translocation and on K+/Na+ homeostasis in some lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars as well as the effects of the relative abundance of plant AQPs on plant water status. Two AM fungi species (Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus lamellosum) isolated from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) were inoculated to two lettuce cultivars (Grand Rapids and Lollo Bionda), and watered with 0 and 60 mM NaCl. At 60 days of plant growth, the AM symbiotic development, biomass production, nutrient content (Pi, Na+, K+), physiological parameters, gene expressions of ion channels and transporters (NHX and HKT1), and aquaporins proteins abundance (phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated) were evaluated. Salinity increased the AM root colonization by both inocula. AM lettuce plants showed an improved growth, increased relative water content and improved of K/Na ratio in root. In Grand Rapids cultivar, the high efficiency of photosystem II was higher than Lollo Bionda cultivar; on the contrary, stomatal conductance was higher in Lollo Bionda. Nevertheless, both parameters were increased by AM colonization. In the same way, LsaHKT1;1, LsaHKT1;6, LsaNHX2, LsaNHX4, LsaNHX6 and LsaNHX8 genes and aquaporins PIP2 were up-regulated differentially by both AM fungi. The improved plant growth was closely related to a higher water status due to increased PIP2 abundance, as well as to the upregulation of LsaNHX gene expression, which concomitantly improved plant nutrition and K+/Na+ homeostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santander
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Universidad Arturo Prat, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Vivar 493 2nd floor, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Cartes
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería y Biotecnología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Kawakami Y, Imran S, Katsuhara M, Tada Y. Na + Transporter SvHKT1;1 from a Halophytic Turf Grass Is Specifically Upregulated by High Na + Concentration and Regulates Shoot Na + Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176100. [PMID: 32847126 PMCID: PMC7503356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized an Na+ transporter SvHKT1;1 from a halophytic turf grass, Sporobolus virginicus. SvHKT1;1 mediated inward and outward Na+ transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes and did not complement K+ transporter-defective mutant yeast. SvHKT1;1 did not complement athkt1;1 mutant Arabidopsis, suggesting its distinguishable function from other typical HKT1 transporters. The transcript was abundant in the shoots compared with the roots in S. virginicus and was upregulated by severe salt stress (500 mM NaCl), but not by lower stress. SvHKT1;1-expressing Arabidopsis lines showed higher shoot Na+ concentrations and lower salt tolerance than wild type (WT) plants under nonstress and salt stress conditions and showed higher Na+ uptake rate in roots at the early stage of salt treatment. These results suggested that constitutive expression of SvHKT1;1 enhanced Na+ uptake in root epidermal cells, followed by increased Na+ transport to shoots, which led to reduced salt tolerance. However, Na+ concentrations in phloem sap of the SvHKT1;1 lines were higher than those in WT plants under salt stress. Based on this result, together with the induction of the SvHKT1;1 transcription under high salinity stress, it was suggested that SvHKT1;1 plays a role in preventing excess shoot Na+ accumulation in S. virginicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Bionics, Computer and Media Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan;
| | - Shahin Imran
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (S.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; (S.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Yuichi Tada
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Bhat MA, Kumar V, Bhat MA, Wani IA, Dar FL, Farooq I, Bhatti F, Koser R, Rahman S, Jan AT. Mechanistic Insights of the Interaction of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) With Plant Roots Toward Enhancing Plant Productivity by Alleviating Salinity Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1952. [PMID: 32973708 PMCID: PMC7468593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important role in a country's economy. The sector is challenged by many stresses, which led to huge loss in plant productivity worldwide. The ever-increasing population, rapid urbanization with shrinking agricultural lands, dramatic change in climatic conditions, and extensive use of agrochemicals in agricultural practices that caused environmental disturbances confront mankind of escalating problems of food security and sustainability in agriculture. Escalating environmental problems and global hunger have led to the development and adoption of genetic engineering and other conventional plant breeding approaches in developing stress-tolerant varieties of crops. However, these approaches have drawn flaws in their adoption as the process of generating tolerant varieties takes months to years in bringing the technology from the lab to the field. Under such scenario, sustainable and climate-smart agricultural practices that avail bacterial usage open the avenues in fulfilling the incessant demand for food for the global population. Ensuring stability on economic fronts, bacteria minimizes plant salt uptake by trapping ions in their exopolysaccharide matrix besides checking the expression of Na+/H+ and high-affinity potassium transporters. Herein we describe information on salinity stress and its effect on plant health as well as strategies adopted by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in helping plants to overcome salinity stress and in mitigating loss in overall plant productivity. It is believed that acquisition of advanced knowledge of plant-beneficial PGPR will help in devising strategies for sustainable, environment-friendly, and climate-smart agricultural technologies for adoption in agriculture to overcome the constrained environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Farhana Latief Dar
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Iqra Farooq
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Farha Bhatti
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rubina Koser
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
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Kuo HY, Kang FC, Wang YY. Glucosinolate Transporter1 involves in salt-induced jasmonate signaling and alleviates the repression of lateral root growth by salt in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110487. [PMID: 32563451 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress has negative impact on plant development and growth. Jasmonic acid (JA), a phytohormone, has been shown to involve in salt-induced inhibition of primary root growth. The Arabidopsis Glucosinolate transporter1 (GTR1/NPF2.10) is characterized as a JA-Ile, a bioactive form of JA, transporter. However, whether GTR1 participates in salt responses is not clear. In this study, we confirmed that GTR1 is induced by both JA and salinity. Salt-induced JA signaling is affected in gtr1 mutant. The JA responsive genes, JAZ1, JAZ5, MYC2, LOX3, are down-regulated in gtr1 mutant. Phenotypic analyses showed that the salinity-induced lateral root growth inhibition is enhanced in gtr1 mutant, suggesting that GTR1 plays a positive role in lateral root development under salt stress. Interestingly, the expression of a Na+ transporter, HKT1, is upregulated in gtr1. Since HKT1 is a negative regulator for lateral root development under salt stress, we proposed that GTR1 alleviates the repression of lateral root development by salt stress by mediating JA signaling and repressing HKT1 expression. This study demonstrates that GTR1 is the molecular link between salt stress, JA signaling, and lateral root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Guo J, Zhang Y, Yan X. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) in response to cold stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236588. [PMID: 32706804 PMCID: PMC7380624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthoceras sorbifolia, a medicinal and oil-rich woody plant, has great potential for biodiesel production. However, little study explores the link between gene expression level and metabolite accumulation of X. sorbifolia in response to cold stress. Herein, we performed both transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of X. sorbifolia seedlings to investigate the regulatory mechanism of resistance to low temperature (4 °C) based on physiological profile analyses. Cold stress resulted in a significant increase in the malondialdehyde content, electrolyte leakage and activity of antioxidant enzymes. A total of 1,527 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 895 were upregulated and 632 were downregulated. Annotation of DEGs revealed that amino acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and the citrate cycle (TCA) were strongly affected by cold stress. In addition, DEGs within the plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and TF families of ERF, WRKY, NAC, MYB, and bHLH were transcriptionally activated. Through metabolomic analysis, we found 51 significantly changed metabolites, particularly with the analysis of primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Moreover, there is an overlap between transcript and metabolite profiles. Association analysis between key genes and altered metabolites indicated that amino acid metabolism and sugar metabolism were enhanced. A large number of specific cold-responsive genes and metabolites highlight a comprehensive regulatory mechanism, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the highly complex regulatory program under cold stress in X. sorbifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinping Guo
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingrong Yan
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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Gao LW, Yang SL, Wei SW, Huang DF, Zhang YD. Supportive role of the Na + transporter CmHKT1;1 from Cucumis melo in transgenic Arabidopsis salt tolerance through improved K +/Na + balance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:561-580. [PMID: 32405802 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE CmHKT1;1 selectively exports Na+ from plant cells. Upon NaCl stress, its expression increased in a salt-tolerant melon cultivar. Overexpression of CmHKT1;1 increased transgenic Arabidopsis salt tolerance through improved K+/Na+ balance. High-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs) are thought to be involved in reducing Na+ in plant shoots under salt stress and modulating salt tolerance, but their function in a moderately salt-tolerant species of melon (Cucumis melo L.) remains unclear. In this study, a Na+ transporter gene, CmHKT1;1 (GenBank accession number: MK986658), was isolated from melons based on genome data. The transcript of CmHKT1;1 was relatively more abundant in roots than in stems or leaves from melon seedlings. The tobacco transient expression system showed that CmHKT1;1 was plasma-membrane localized. Upon salt stress, CmHKT1;1 expression was more strongly upregulated in a salt-tolerant melon cultivar, 'Bingxuecui' (BXC) compared with a salt-sensitive cultivar, 'Yulu' (YL). Electrophysiological evidence demonstrated that CmHKT1;1 only transported Na+, rather than K+, when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Overexpression of CmHKT1;1 increased salt sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Under NaCl treatments, transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulated significantly lower concentrations of Na+ in shoots than wild type plants and showed a better K+/Na+ balance, leading to better Fv/Fm, root length, biomass, and enhanced plant growth. The CmHKT1;1 gene may serve as a useful candidate for improving crop salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen-Lin Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wei Wei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Feng Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Dong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Giorio P, Cirillo V, Caramante M, Oliva M, Guida G, Venezia A, Grillo S, Maggio A, Albrizio R. Physiological Basis of Salt Stress Tolerance in a Landrace and a Commercial Variety of Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060795. [PMID: 32630481 PMCID: PMC7356216 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most impactful abiotic stresses that plants must cope with. Plants’ ability to tolerate salt stress relies on multiple mechanisms, which are associated with biomass and yield reductions. Sweet pepper is a salt-sensitive crop that in Mediterranean regions can be exposed to salt build-up in the root zone due to irrigation. Understanding the physiological mechanisms that plants activate to adapt to soil salinization is essential to develop breeding programs and agricultural practices that counteract this phenomenon and ultimately minimize yield reductions. With this aim, the physiological and productive performances of Quadrato D’Asti, a common commercial sweet pepper cultivar in Italy, and Cazzone Giallo, a landrace of the Campania region (Italy), were compared under different salt stress treatments. Quadrato D’Asti had higher tolerance to salt stress when compared to Cazzone Giallo in terms of yield, which was associated with higher leaf biomass vs. fruit ratio in the former. Ion accumulation and profiling between the two genoptypes revealed that Quadrato D’Asti was more efficient at excluding chloride from green tissues, allowing the maintenance of photosystem functionality under stress. In contrast, Cazzone Giallo seemed to compartmentalize most sodium in the stem. While sodium accumulation in the stems has been shown to protect shoots from sodium toxicity, in pepper and/or in the specific experimental conditions imposed, this strategy was less efficient than chloride exclusion for salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Giorio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (M.O.); (G.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Caramante
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA-OF), Pontecagnano, 84098 Salerno, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Marco Oliva
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (M.O.); (G.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Gianpiero Guida
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (M.O.); (G.G.); (R.A.)
| | - Accursio Venezia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA-OF), Pontecagnano, 84098 Salerno, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Stefania Grillo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Research Division Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rossella Albrizio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056 Naples, Italy; (P.G.); (M.O.); (G.G.); (R.A.)
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