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Sajiir H, Keshvari S, Wong KY, Borg DJ, Steyn FJ, Fercher C, Taylor K, Taylor B, Barnard RT, Müller A, Moniruzzaman M, Miller G, Wang R, Fotheringham A, Schreiber V, Sheng YH, Hancock JL, Loo D, Burr L, Huynh T, Lockett J, Ramm GA, Macdonald GA, Prins JB, McGuckin MA, Hasnain SZ. Liver and pancreatic-targeted interleukin-22 as a therapeutic for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4528. [PMID: 38811532 PMCID: PMC11137118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the most prevalent cause of liver disease worldwide, with a single approved therapeutic. Previous research has shown that interleukin-22 (IL-22) can suppress β-cell stress, reduce local islet inflammation, restore appropriate insulin production, reverse hyperglycemia, and ameliorate insulin resistance in preclinical models of diabetes. In clinical trials long-acting forms of IL-22 have led to increased proliferation in the skin and intestine, where the IL-22RA1 receptor is highly expressed. To maximise beneficial effects whilst reducing the risk of epithelial proliferation and cancer, we designed short-acting IL-22-bispecific biologic drugs that successfully targeted the liver and pancreas. Here we show 10-fold lower doses of these bispecific biologics exceed the beneficial effects of native IL-22 in multiple preclinical models of MASH, without off-target effects. Treatment restores glycemic control, markedly reduces hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. These short-acting IL-22-bispecific targeted biologics are a promising new therapeutic approach for MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haressh Sajiir
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kuan Yau Wong
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danielle J Borg
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christian Fercher
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karin Taylor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Breten Taylor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross T Barnard
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gregory Miller
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ran Wang
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amelia Fotheringham
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Veronika Schreiber
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yong Hua Sheng
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Dorothy Loo
- Proteomics Core Facility, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lucy Burr
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tony Huynh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Children's Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Mater Pathology, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jack Lockett
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graeme A Macdonald
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Johannes B Prins
- Health Translation Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z Hasnain
- Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Marzoog BA. Cytokines and Regulating Epithelial Cell Division. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:190-200. [PMID: 38213162 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501279979240101051345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically, cytokines play an extremely important role in maintaining cellular and subcellular homeostasis, as they interact almost with every cell in the organism. Therefore, cytokines play a significantly critical role in the field of pathogenic pharmacological therapy of different types of pathologies. Cytokine is a large family containing many subfamilies and can be evaluated into groups according to their action on epithelial cell proliferation; stimulatory include transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), Interlukine-22 (IL-22), IL-13, IL-6, IL-1RA and IL-17 and inhibitory include IL-1α, interferon type I (IFN type I), and TGF-β. The balance between stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines is essential for maintaining normal epithelial cell turnover and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of cytokine production can contribute to various pathological conditions, including inflammatory disorders, tissue damage, and cancer. Several cytokines have shown the ability to affect programmed cell death (apoptosis) and the capability to suppress non-purpose cell proliferation. Clinically, understanding the role of cytokines' role in epithelial tissue is crucial for evaluating a novel therapeutic target that can be of use as a new tactic in the management of carcinomas and tissue healing capacity. The review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of current knowledge regarding the multifaceted effects of cytokines on epithelial cell proliferation, with a particular emphasis on the intestinal epithelium. Also, the paper will highlight the diverse signaling pathways activated by cytokines and their downstream consequences on epithelial cell division. It will also explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting cytokine- epithelial cell interactions in the context of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Moniruzzaman M, Rahman MA, Wang R, Wong KY, Chen ACH, Mueller A, Taylor S, Harding A, Illankoon T, Wiid P, Sajiir H, Schreiber V, Burr LD, McGuckin MA, Phipps S, Hasnain SZ. Interleukin-22 suppresses major histocompatibility complex II in mucosal epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230106. [PMID: 37695525 PMCID: PMC10494524 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II is dynamically expressed on mucosal epithelial cells and is induced in response to inflammation and parasitic infections, upon exposure to microbiota, and is increased in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the regulation of epithelial cell-specific MHC II during homeostasis is yet to be explored. We discovered a novel role for IL-22 in suppressing epithelial cell MHC II partially via the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, using animals lacking the interleukin-22-receptor (IL-22RA1), primary human and murine intestinal and respiratory organoids, and murine models of respiratory virus infection or with intestinal epithelial cell defects. IL-22 directly downregulated interferon-γ-induced MHC II on primary epithelial cells by modulating the expression of MHC II antigen A α (H2-Aα) and Class II transactivator (Ciita), a master regulator of MHC II gene expression. IL-22RA1-knockouts have significantly higher MHC II expression on mucosal epithelial cells. Thus, while IL-22-based therapeutics improve pathology in chronic disease, their use may increase susceptibility to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M. Arifur Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ran Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kuan Yau Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alice C.-H. Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexandra Mueller
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steven Taylor
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexa Harding
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thishan Illankoon
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Percival Wiid
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Haressh Sajiir
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Veronika Schreiber
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lucy D. Burr
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael A. McGuckin
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Yin L, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhou J, Wang Q, Huang J, Li J, Yang H. Mechanism of iron on the intestinal epithelium development in suckling piglets. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2070-2085. [PMID: 37233872 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of iron on intestinal epithelium development of suckling piglets. Compared with newborn piglets, 7-day-old and 21-day-old piglets showed changes in the morphology of the jejunum, increased proliferation, differentiated epithelial cells, and expanded enteroids. Intestinal epithelium maturation markers and iron metabolism genes were significantly changed. These results suggest that lactation is a critical stage in intestinal epithelial development, accompanied by changes in iron metabolism. In addition, deferoxamine (DFO) treatment inhibited the activity of intestinal organoids at passage 4 (P4) of 0-day-old piglets, but no significant difference was observed in epithelial maturation markers at passage 1 (P1) and P4, and only argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (Ass1) and β-galactosidase (Gleb) were up-regulated at passage 7 (P7). These results in vitro show that iron deficiency may not directly affect intestinal epithelium development through intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The iron supplementation significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-2 (IL-22RA2) in the jejunum of piglets. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of IL-22 in 7-day-old piglets was significantly higher than that in 0-day-old piglets. Adult epithelial markers were significantly up-regulated in organoids treated with recombinant murine cytokine IL-22. Thus, IL-22 may play a key role in iron-affecting intestinal epithelium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Zhang M, Xu T, Tong D, Li S, Yu X, Liu B, Jiang L, Liu K. Research advances in endometriosis-related signaling pathways: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114909. [PMID: 37210898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is characterized by the existence of endometrial mucosa outside the uterine cavity, which causesinfertility, persistent aches, and a decline in women's quality of life. Both hormone therapies and nonhormone therapies, such as NSAIDs, are ineffective, generic categories of EM drugs. Endometriosis is a benign gynecological condition, yet it shares a number of features with cancer cells, including immune evasion, survival, adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. Several endometriosis-related signaling pathways are comprehensively reviewed in this article, including E2, NF-κB, MAPK, ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, YAP, Wnt/β-catenin, Rho/ROCK, TGF-β, VEGF, NO, iron, cytokines and chemokines. To find and develop novel medications for the treatment of EM, it is essential to implicitly determine the molecular pathways that are disordered during EM development. Additionally, research on the shared pathways between EM and tumors can provide hypotheses or suggestions for endometriosis therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Deming Tong
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Siman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Kuiran Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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IL-20 Activates ERK1/2 and Suppresses Splicing of X-Box Protein-1 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells but Does Not Improve Pathology in Acute or Chronic Models of Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010174. [PMID: 36613621 PMCID: PMC9820550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine Interleukin (IL)-20 belongs to the IL-10 superfamily. IL-20 levels are reported to increase in the intestines of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients, however not much is known about its effects on intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we investigated the influence of IL-20 on intestinal epithelial cell lines and primary intestinal organoid cultures. By using chemical-induced (dextran sodium sulphate; DSS) colitis and a spontaneous model of colitis (Winnie mice), we assess whether recombinant IL-20 treatment is beneficial in reducing/improving pathology. Following stimulation with IL-20, intestinal primary organoids from wild-type and Winnie mice increased the expression of ERK1/2. However, this was lost when cells were differentiated into secretory goblet cells. Importantly, IL-20 treatment significantly reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as measured by spliced-XBP1 in epithelial cells, and this effect was lost in the goblet cells. IL-20 treatment in vivo in the DSS and Winnie models had minimal effects on pathology, but a decrease in macrophage activation was noted. Taken together, these data suggest a possible, but subtle role of IL-20 on epithelial cells in vivo. The therapeutic potential of IL-20 could be harnessed by the development of a targeted therapy or combination therapy to improve the healing of the mucosal barrier.
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Feng KN, Meng P, Zou XL, Zhang M, Li HK, Yang HL, Li HT, Zhang TT. IL-37 protects against airway remodeling by reversing bronchial epithelial-mesenchymal transition via IL-24 signaling pathway in chronic asthma. Respir Res 2022; 23:244. [PMID: 36100847 PMCID: PMC9472332 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the mechanisms of airway remodeling in chronic asthma. Interleukin (IL)-24 has been implicated in the promotion of tissue fibrosis, and increased IL-24 levels have been observed in the nasal secretions and sputum of asthmatic patients. However, the role of IL-24 in asthmatic airway remodeling, especially in EMT, remains largely unknown. We aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of IL-24 on EMT and to verify whether IL-37 could alleviate IL-24-induced EMT in chronic asthma. METHODS BEAS-2B cells were exposed to IL-24, and cell migration was assessed by wound healing and Transwell assays. The expression of EMT-related biomarkers (E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA) was evaluated after the cells were stimulated with IL-24 with or without IL-37. A murine asthma model was established by intranasal administration of house dust mite (HDM) extracts for 5 weeks, and the effects of IL-24 and IL-37 on EMT and airway remodeling were investigated by intranasal administration of si-IL-24 and rhIL-37. RESULTS We observed that IL-24 significantly enhanced the migration of BEAS-2B cells in vitro. IL-24 promoted the expression of the EMT biomarkers vimentin and α-SMA via the STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways. In addition, we found that IL-37 partially reversed IL-24-induced EMT in BEAS-2B cells by blocking the ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways. Similarly, the in vivo results showed that IL-24 was overexpressed in the airway epithelium of an HDM-induced chronic asthma model, and IL-24 silencing or IL-37 treatment could reverse EMT biomarker expression. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings indicated that IL-37 mitigated HDM-induced airway remodeling by inhibiting IL-24-mediated EMT via the ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways, thereby providing experimental evidence for IL-24 as a novel therapeutic target and IL-37 as a promising agent for treating severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-ni Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-ling Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Hai-ke Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Hai-ling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Hong-tao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
| | - Tian-tuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, NO.600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong China
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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071670. [PMID: 35884974 PMCID: PMC9312930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer (CRC). Intestinal cytokine networks are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation but also impact carcinogenesis at all stages of the disease. Recent studies suggest that inflammation is of greater importance in the serrated pathway than in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Interleukins have gained the most attention due to their potential role in CRC pathogenesis and promising results of clinical trials. Malignant transformation is associated with the pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokines. The harmony between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors is crucial to maintaining homeostasis. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate immune sensitivity and facilitate cancer escape from immune surveillance. Therefore, clarifying the role of underlying cytokine pathways and the effects of their modulation may be an important step to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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Zaharie RD, Popa C, Schlanger D, Vălean D, Zaharie F. The Role of IL-22 in Wound Healing. Potential Implications in Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3693. [PMID: 35409053 PMCID: PMC8998254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that is mediated and influenced by several cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine that plays a critical role in tissue regeneration. Our study is a systematic review that addressed the implications of IL-22 in the healing of wounds caused by external factors. Thirteen studies were included in our review, most of them being experimental studies. Three clinical studies underlined the potential role of IL-22 in day-to-day clinical practice. IL-22 plays a central role in wound healing, stimulating the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the cells involved in tissue repair. However, overexpression of IL-22 can cause negative effects, such as keloid scars or peritoneal adhesions. The results of the presented studies are promising, but further research that validates the roles of IL-22 in clinical practice and analyzes its potential implication in surgical healing is welcomed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Delia Zaharie
- Gastroenterology Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Street Emil Isac No. 13, 400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Gastroenterology Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. O. Fodor”, Street Croitorilor No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Călin Popa
- Surgery Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Street Emil Isac No. 13, 400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.V.); (F.Z.)
- Surgery Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. O. Fodor”, Street Croitorilor No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Schlanger
- Surgery Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Street Emil Isac No. 13, 400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.V.); (F.Z.)
- Surgery Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. O. Fodor”, Street Croitorilor No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Vălean
- Surgery Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Street Emil Isac No. 13, 400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.V.); (F.Z.)
- Surgery Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. O. Fodor”, Street Croitorilor No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Zaharie
- Surgery Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Street Emil Isac No. 13, 400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.V.); (F.Z.)
- Surgery Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. O. Fodor”, Street Croitorilor No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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10
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Zou Y, Xu Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Fu L, Lv Y. Research Progress on Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein 1: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:809225. [PMID: 35095520 PMCID: PMC8797156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich alpha⁃2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is an important member of the leucine-rich repetitive sequence protein family. LRG1 was mainly involved in normal physiological activities of the nervous system, such as synapse formation, synapse growth, the development of nerve processes, neurotransmitter transfer and release, and cell adhesion molecules or ligand-binding proteins. Also, LRG1 affected the development of respiratory diseases, hematological diseases, endocrine diseases, tumor diseases, eye diseases, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatic immune diseases, infectious diseases, etc. LRG1 was a newly discovered important upstream signaling molecule of transforming growth factor⁃β (TGF⁃β) that affected various pathological processes through the TGF⁃β signaling pathway. However, research on LRG1 and its involvement in the occurrence and development of diseases was still in its infancy and the current studies were mainly focused on proteomic detection and basic animal experimental reports. We could reasonably predict that LRG1 might act as a new direction and strategy for the treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaoqi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longsheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Camilli C, Hoeh AE, De Rossi G, Moss SE, Greenwood J. LRG1: an emerging player in disease pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:6. [PMID: 35062948 PMCID: PMC8781713 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) was first described as a key player in pathogenic ocular neovascularization almost a decade ago. Since then, an increasing number of publications have reported the involvement of LRG1 in multiple human conditions including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and inflammatory disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the LRG1 literature considering its role in health and disease. Although LRG1 is constitutively expressed by hepatocytes and neutrophils, Lrg1-/- mice show no overt phenotypic abnormality suggesting that LRG1 is essentially redundant in development and homeostasis. However, emerging data are challenging this view by suggesting a novel role for LRG1 in innate immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. While our understanding of beneficial LRG1 functions in physiology remains limited, a consistent body of evidence shows that, in response to various inflammatory stimuli, LRG1 expression is induced and directly contributes to disease pathogenesis. Its potential role as a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple conditions is widely discussed while dissecting the mechanisms underlying LRG1 pathogenic functions. Emphasis is given to the role that LRG1 plays as a vasculopathic factor where it disrupts the cellular interactions normally required for the formation and maintenance of mature vessels, thereby indirectly contributing to the establishment of a highly hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, LRG1 has also been reported to affect other cell types (including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal and cancer cells) mostly by modulating the TGFβ signalling pathway in a context-dependent manner. Crucially, animal studies have shown that LRG1 inhibition, through gene deletion or a function-blocking antibody, is sufficient to attenuate disease progression. In view of this, and taking into consideration its role as an upstream modifier of TGFβ signalling, LRG1 is suggested as a potentially important therapeutic target. While further investigations are needed to fill gaps in our current understanding of LRG1 function, the studies reviewed here confirm LRG1 as a pleiotropic and pathogenic signalling molecule providing a strong rationale for its use in the clinic as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Camilli
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Hoeh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Kou F, Cheng Y, Shi L, Liu J, Liu Y, Shi R, Peng G, Li J. LCN2 as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Carcinogenesis Related to Disease Duration. Front Oncol 2022; 11:793760. [PMID: 35111677 PMCID: PMC8801604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.793760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with long-duration ulcerative colitis (UC) had a higher risk of developing ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis (UCAC) when compared to those with short-duration UC. This study aimed to discover the biomarker for cancer surveillance related to disease duration. METHODS The microarrays were divided into short-duration (<10 years) UC, long-duration (≥10 years) UC, UCAC, and normal groups in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of GEO and the hub genes of the selected weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were intersected to obtain the overlapping genes. Among these genes, the key gene was identified by using the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the cytoHubba of Cytoscape, and the expression levels. Also, immunofluorescence of human colonic mucosa and animal experiment were used to validate the expression trend of the key gene in the progress of UC developing into UCAC. RESULTS Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) was more relevant with disease duration of UC and significantly negatively correlated with the risk of UCAC. The expression level of LCN2 in short-duration UC was higher than that of long-duration UC (P < 0.01), long-duration UC was higher than that of UCAC (P = 0.001), and UC and UCAC were all higher than that of the normal (P < 0.001). We then discovered that the expression trend of LCN2 in blood and stool samples was consistent with that in colorectal mucosa. CONCLUSION The research indicates that LCN2 could be a novel biomarker to evaluate cancer surveillance related to disease duration of developing UC into UCAC. Compared with that of blood samples, stool detection of LCN2 may have more advantages for diagnosis value of early stage of UCAC as a complement to colonoscopy surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Kou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guiying Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Lücke J, Shiri AM, Zhang T, Kempski J, Giannou AD, Huber S. Rationalizing heptadecaphobia: T H 17 cells and associated cytokines in cancer and metastasis. FEBS J 2021; 288:6942-6971. [PMID: 33448148 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. When cancer patients are diagnosed with metastasis, meaning that the primary tumor has spread to at least one different site, their life expectancy decreases dramatically. In the past decade, the immune system´s role in fighting cancer and metastasis has been studied extensively. Importantly, immune cells and inflammatory reactions generate potent antitumor responses but also contribute to tumor development. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this dichotomic interaction between the immune system and cancer are still poorly understood. Recently, a spotlight has been cast on the distinct subsets of immune cells and their derived cytokines since evidence has implicated their crucial impact on cancer development. T helper 17 cell (TH 17) cells, which express the master transcriptional factor Retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t, are among these critical cell subsets and are defined by their production of type 3 cytokines, such as IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. Depending on the tumor microenvironment, these cytokines can also be produced by other immune cell sources, such as T cytotoxic 17 cell, innate lymphoid cells, NKT cells, or γδ T cells. To date, a lot of data have been collected describing the divergent functions of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in malignancies. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the role of these TH 17- and non-TH 17-derived type 3 cytokines in different tumor entities. Furthermore, we will provide a structured insight into the strict regulation and subsequent downstream mechanisms of these cytokines in cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ahmad Mustafa Shiri
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Jan Kempski
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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14
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Elshaer D, Moniruzzaman M, Ong YT, Qu Z, Schreiber V, Begun J, Popat A. Facile synthesis of dendrimer like mesoporous silica nanoparticles to enhance targeted delivery of interleukin-22. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7402-7411. [PMID: 34709241 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a multifunctional cytokine with a very short half-life that activates STAT3 and can elicit strong anti-inflammatory effects in the intestine but can induce inflammation in other sites. Several long-circulating IL-22 fusion proteins have been manufactured to date; however, those were associated with adverse effects in other organs limiting their utility for treating intestinal inflammation. Targeted delivery of IL-22 to the intestine could utilize its anti-inflammatory properties and overcome systemic toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesise large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LPMSN), load recombinant (r)IL-22 in the LPMSN and test its bioactivity in the STAT3 reporter LS174T, wild type LS174T, Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells, and healthy human colonic organoids. Our data showed one hundred percent loading capacity (w/w) of the synthesised LPMSN, which prolonged IL-22 induced STAT3 luciferase activities in LS174T and p-STAT3 immunofluorescence in Caco-2 cells. LPMSN also stabilized and increased the permeability of rIL-22 across Caco-2 monolayers. Moreover, LPMSN-IL-22 retained the functionality of the cytokine in human colonic organoids. Taken together, these data demonstrate the protection and effective delivery of IL-22 using bio-nanomaterials (LPMSN) that could enable targeted oral delivery of this IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Elshaer
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Theng Ong
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Zhi Qu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Veronika Schreiber
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Jakob Begun
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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15
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Stülb H, Bachmann M, Gonther S, Mühl H. Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Exposes Murine IL-22 as Sex-Related Gene Product. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10623. [PMID: 34638962 PMCID: PMC8509061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaining detailed knowledge about sex-related immunoregulation remains a crucial prerequisite for the development of adequate disease models and therapeutic strategies enabling personalized medicine. Here, the key parameter of the production of cytokines mediating disease resolution was investigated. Among these cytokines, STAT3-activating interleukin (IL)-22 is principally associated with recovery from tissue injury. By investigating paradigmatic acetaminophen-induced liver injury, we demonstrated that IL-22 expression is enhanced in female mice. Increased female IL-22 was confirmed at a cellular level using murine splenocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or αCD3/CD28 to model innate or adaptive immunoactivation. Interestingly, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone reduced IL-22 production by female but not by male splenocytes. Mechanistic studies on PMA/PHA-stimulated T-cell-lymphoma EL-4 cells verified the capability of testosterone/dihydrotestosterone to reduce IL-22 production. Moreover, we demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation that testosterone impairs binding of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor to xenobiotic responsive elements within the murine IL-22 promoter. Overall, female mice undergoing acute liver injury and cultured female splenocytes upon inflammatory activation display increased IL-22. This observation is likely related to the immunosuppressive effects of androgens in males. The data presented concur with more pronounced immunological alertness demonstrable in females, which may relate to the sex-specific course of some immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (H.S.); (M.B.); (S.G.)
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16
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Wang X, Cai J, Lin B, Ma M, Tao Y, Zhou Y, Bai L, Jiang W, Zhou R. GPR34-mediated sensing of lysophosphatidylserine released by apoptotic neutrophils activates type 3 innate lymphoid cells to mediate tissue repair. Immunity 2021; 54:1123-1136.e8. [PMID: 34107271 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils migrate rapidly to damaged tissue and play critical roles in host defense and tissue homeostasis. Here we investigated the mechanisms whereby neutrophils participate in tissue repair. In an intestinal epithelia injury model, neutrophil depletion exacerbated colitis and associated with reduced interleukin (IL)-22 and limited activation of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Co-culture with neutrophils activated ILC3s in a manner dependent on neutrophil apoptosis. Metabolomic analyses revealed that lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) from apoptotic neutrophils directly stimulated ILC3 activation. ILC3-specific deletion of Gpr34, encoding the LysoPS receptor GPR34, or inhibition of downstream PI3K-AKT or ERK suppressed IL-22 production in response to apoptotic neutrophils. Gpr34-/- mice exhibited compromised ILC3 activation and tissue repair during colon injury, and neutrophil depletion abrogated these defects. GPR34 deficiency in ILC3s limited IL-22 production and tissue repair in vivo in settings of colon and skin injury. Thus, GPR34 is an ILC3-expressed damage-sensing receptor that triggers tissue repair upon recognition of dying neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqiong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bolong Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Li Bai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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17
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Delbue D, Lebenheim L, Cardoso-Silva D, Dony V, Krug SM, Richter JF, Manna S, Muñoz M, Wolk K, Heldt C, Heimesaat MM, Sabat R, Siegmund B, Schumann M. Reprogramming Intestinal Epithelial Cell Polarity by Interleukin-22. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:656047. [PMID: 33912578 PMCID: PMC8072225 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interleukin-22 (IL-22) impacts the integrity of intestinal epithelia and has been associated with the development of colitis-associated cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Previous data suggest that IL-22 protects the mucosal barrier and promotes wound healing and barrier defect. We hypothesized, that IL-22 modulates cell polarity of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) acting on tight junction assembly. The aim of the study was to investigate IL-22-dependent mechanisms in the reprogramming of intestinal epithelia. Methods: IECs were exposed to IL-22 at various concentrations. IECs in Matrigel® were grown to 3-dimensional cysts in the presence or absence of IL-22 and morphology and expression of polarity proteins were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Epithelial cell barrier (TER and sandwich assay) and TJ assembly analysis (calcium-switch assay) were performed. TJ and cell polarity protein expression were assessed by western blotting and confocal microscopy. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed by RT-qPCR analysis and western blotting. Signaling pathway analyses were performed by phosphoblotting and functional assays after blocking STAT3 and ERK signaling pathways. Using the toxoplasma-model of terminal ileitis, IL-22-knock-out mice were compared to wild-type littermates, analyzed for barrier function using one-path-impedance-analysis and macromolecular flux (H3-mannitol, Ussing-chambers). Results: IECs exhibited a barrier defect after IL-22 exposure. TJ protein distribution and expression were severely impaired. Delayed recovery in the calcium-switch assay was observed suggesting a defect in TJ assembly. Analyzing the 3D-cyst model, IL-22 induced multi-lumen and aberrant cysts, and altered the localization of cell polarity proteins. Cell migration and invasion was caused by IL-22 as well as induction of EMT. Interestingly, only inhibition of the MAPK pathway, rescued the TJal barrier defect, while blocking STAT3 was relevant for cell survival. In addition, ileal mucosa of IL-22 deficient mice was protected from the barrier defect seen in Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis in wild type mice shown by significantly higher Re values and correspondingly lower macromolecule fluxes. Conclusion: IL-22 impairs intestinal epithelial cell barrier by inducing EMT, causing defects in epithelial cell polarity and increasing cell motility and cell invasion. IL-22 modulates TJ protein expression and mediates tight junctional (TJal) barrier defects via ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delbue
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Lebenheim
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danielle Cardoso-Silva
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Violaine Dony
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan F Richter
- Institute for Anatomy II, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Subhakankha Manna
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melba Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department for Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Department for Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Heldt
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Department of Microbiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Sabat
- Department for Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schumann
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Ten Hove AS, Seppen J, de Jonge WJ. Neuronal innervation of the intestinal crypt. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G193-G205. [PMID: 33296267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00239.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal damage is a key feature of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and healing of the mucosa is an endpoint of IBD treatment that is often difficult to achieve. Autonomic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system may influence intestinal epithelial cell growth and modulating epithelial innervation could for that reason serve as an interesting therapeutic option to improve mucosal healing. Understanding of the biological processes triggered by nonspecific and specific epithelial adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation is of key importance. At present, with rising technological advances, bioelectronic neuromodulation as treatment modality has gained momentum. We discuss the current view on state-of-the-art innervation of the intestinal crypt and its impact on epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Furthermore, we outline bioelectronic technology and review its relevance to wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Ten Hove
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Seppen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Wu YT, Ma SY, Sun WQ, Shen WW, Zhu HT, Zhang Q, Chen HF. TRIM65 Promotes Invasion of Endometrial Stromal Cells by Activating ERK1/2/C-myc Signaling via Ubiquitination of DUSP6. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:526-538. [PMID: 33146694 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EM) is a benign gynecological disease that shares some characteristics with malignancy, such as proliferation and invasion. So far, the pathogenesis of EM is still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether TRIM65 can play a role in the development of EM. METHODS TRIM65 expression levels in eutopic, ectopic, and normal endometrium were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation and invasion of primary endometrial stromal (EMS) cells were detected by CCK-8 and Transwell analysis. The interaction between TRIM65 and DUSP6 or C-myc was measured by coimmunoprecipitation, ubiquitylation, dual luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. RESULTS We found that TRIM65 was identified as an up-regulated gene in ectopic endometrial tissues and EMS cells compared with control groups without EM. TRIM65 expression was positively correlated with the levels of p-ERK1/2, C-myc, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and integrin β1 in ectopic endometrial tissues in patients and mice. TRIM65 promoted the cell proliferation and invasion of EMS cells via the ERK1/2/C-myc pathway through ubiquitination of DUSP6. C-myc promoted TRIM65 expression through inducing TRIM65 promoter activity. Additionally, the increased expression of TRIM65, C-myc, matrix metalloproteinase-2, integrin β1, and p-ERK1/2 and the decreased expression of DUSP6 in ectopic endometrial tissues were significantly suppressed by inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in ectopic endometrial tissues in experimental mice model. CONCLUSION In conclusion, TRIM65 promotes invasion of ectopic EMS cells by activating a feedback loop with the ERK1/2/C-myc signaling pathway and may be a potential therapeutic target for EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ting Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yu Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qin Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ting Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease of Tongren Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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IL-20R Activation via rIL-19 Enhances Hematoma Resolution through the IL-20R1/ERK/Nrf2 Pathway in an Experimental GMH Rat Pup Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5913424. [PMID: 33532035 PMCID: PMC7837781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5913424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims Blood clots play the primary role in neurological deficits after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). Previous studies have shown a beneficial effect in blood clot clearance after hemorrhagic stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate interleukin-19's role in hematoma clearance after GMH and its underlying mechanism of IL-20R1/ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Methods A total of 240 Sprague-Dawley P7 rat pups were used. GMH was induced by intraparenchymal injection of bacterial collagenase. rIL-19 was administered intranasally 1 hour post-GMH. IL-20R1 CRISPR was administered intracerebroventricularly, or Nrf2 antagonist ML385 was administered intraperitoneally 48 hours and 1 hour before GMH induction, respectively. Neurobehavior, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, histology, and hemoglobin assay were used to evaluate treatment regiments in the short- and long-term. Results Endogenous IL-19, IL-20R1, IL-20R2, and scavenger receptor CD163 were increased after GMH. rIL-19 treatment improved neurological deficits, reduced hematoma volume and hemoglobin content, reduced ventriculomegaly, and attenuated cortical thickness loss. Additionally, treatment increased ERK, Nrf2, and CD163 expression, whereas IL-20R1 CRISPR-knockdown plasmid and ML385 inhibited the effects of rIL-19 on CD163 expression. Conclusion rIL-19 treatment improved hematoma clearance and attenuated neurological deficits induced by GMH, which was mediated through the upregulation of the IL-20R1/ERK/Nrf2 pathways. rIL-19 treatment may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the GMH patient population.
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21
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Song D, Lai L, Ran Z. Metabolic Regulation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580467. [PMID: 33193381 PMCID: PMC7649203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. IBD is associated with complex pathogenesis, and considerable data suggest that innate lymphoid cells contribute to the development and progression of the condition. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) not only play a protective role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function, but also a pathogenic role in intestinal inflammation. ILC3s can sense environmental and host-derived signals and combine these cues to modulate cell expansion, migration and function, and transmit information to the broader immune system. Herein, we review current knowledge of how ILC3s can be regulated by dietary nutrients, microbiota and their metabolites, as well as other metabolites. In addition, we describe the phenotypic and functional alterations of ILC3s in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of ILC3s in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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22
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Keratin intermediate filaments in the colon: guardians of epithelial homeostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105878. [PMID: 33152513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filament proteins are major cytoskeletal components of the mammalian simple layered columnar epithelium in the gastrointestinal tract. Human colon crypt epithelial cells express keratins 18, 19 and 20 as the major type I keratins, and keratin 8 as the type II keratin. Keratin expression patterns vary between species, and mouse colonocytes express keratin 7 as a second type II keratin. Colonic keratin patterns change during cell differentiation, such that K20 increases in the more differentiated crypt cells closer to the central lumen. Keratins provide a structural and mechanical scaffold to support cellular stability, integrity and stress protection in this rapidly regenerating tissue. They participate in central colonocyte processes including barrier function, ion transport, differentiation, proliferation and inflammatory signaling. The cell-specific keratin compositions in different epithelial tissues has allowed for the utilization of keratin-based diagnostic methods. Since the keratin expression pattern in tumors often resembles that in the primary tissue, it can be used to recognize metastases of colonic origin. This review focuses on recent findings on the biological functions of mammalian colon epithelial keratins obtained from pivotal in vivo models. We also discuss the diagnostic value of keratins in chronic colonic disease and known keratin alterations in colon pathologies. This review describes the biochemical properties of keratins and their molecular actions in colonic epithelial cells and highlights diagnostic data in colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients, which may facilitate the recognition of disease subtypes and the establishment of personal therapies in the future.
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23
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Vukelić I, Detel D, Batičić L, Potočnjak I, Domitrović R. Luteolin ameliorates experimental colitis in mice through ERK-mediated suppression of inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111680. [PMID: 32783997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Currently used treatments of UC are unsatisfactory, while natural bioactive compounds are considered to be emerging therapeutic agents. Luteolin (Lut) is a natural compound with beneficial effects in a variety of diseases, however, its effect in UC has been poorly studied. In this study we investigated the effect of Lut in posttreatment and cotreatment of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. In addition, the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the mechanism of action of Lut in experimental colitis was investigated using the ERK inhibitor PD0325901. Lut attenuated symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice, ameliorated colon tissue damage and reduced inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy. The effect was more pronounced if Lut was administered simultaneously with DSS. The administration of ERK inhibitor exacerbated DSS-induced colitis symptoms and prevented the protective effects of Lut. The results provide new mechanistic details underlying the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects of Lut through the activation of the ERK signaling pathway. This suggested that Lut can be used as a novel therapeutic candidate in the treatment of UC or could be used as a supplement to existing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Vukelić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dijana Detel
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Iva Potočnjak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Robert Domitrović
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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24
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Li J, Huang L, Zhao H, Yan Y, Lu J. The Role of Interleukins in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2323-2339. [PMID: 32760201 PMCID: PMC7378639 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.46651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great progress has been made in treatment strategies, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the predominant life-threatening malignancy with the feature of high morbidity and mortality. It has been widely acknowledged that the dysfunction of immune system, including aberrantly expressed cytokines, is strongly correlated with the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. As one of the most well-known cytokines that were discovered centuries ago, interleukins are now uncovering new insights into colorectal cancer therapy. Herein, we divide currently known interleukins into 6 families, including IL-1 family, IL-2 family, IL-6 family, IL-8 family, IL-10 family and IL-17 family. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed the oncogenic or antitumour function of each interleukin involved in CRC pathogenesis and progression by elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, by providing interleukins-associated clinical trials, we have further driven the profound prospect of interleukins in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2017, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2017, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hanzhang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2017, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuheng Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Grade 2017, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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25
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Rees WD, Sly LM, Steiner TS. How do immune and mesenchymal cells influence the intestinal epithelial cell compartment in inflammatory bowel disease? Let's crosstalk about it! J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:309-321. [PMID: 32057139 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0120-567r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells provide a front line of defense by establishing a barrier against food Ags, pathogens, and commensal microorganisms. This defense includes the establishment of a tolerogenic environment in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The intestinal epithelium replenishes itself by cell turnover every 4-5 days, and this process is facilitated by various pathways of communication between the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), the underlying stromal cell network, and professional immune cells, which together help establish a proper intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche in the crypt. However, during a state of inflammation, such as in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), these communication pathways can be altered, and this can lead to the development of inflammatory IECs within the crypt that further drive inflammation. Here, we review the current literature looking at crosstalk between immune cells, stromal cells, and IECs: how does the immune system potentially alter the ISC niche, and how do IECs influence intestinal immunity? We discuss the latest research using single cell RNA sequencing and intestinal organoid cultures to help answer these questions. A better understanding of this complex crosstalk can help lead to a better understanding of intestinal biology in general, and more efficient therapeutic approaches to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rees
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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26
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Mühl H, Bachmann M. IL-18/IL-18BP and IL-22/IL-22BP: Two interrelated couples with therapeutic potential. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109388. [PMID: 31401146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-22 are key components of cytokine networks that play a decisive role in (pathological) inflammation, host defense, and tissue regeneration. Tight regulation of cytokine-driven signaling, inflammation, and immunoactivation is supposed to enable nullification of a given deleterious trigger without mediating overwhelming collateral tissue damage or even activating a cancerous face of regeneration. In fact, feedback regulation by specific cytokine opponents is regarded as a major means by which the immune system is kept in balance. Herein, we shine a light on the interplay between IL-18 and IL-22 and their opponents IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-22BP in order to provide integrated information on their biology, pathophysiological significance, and prospect as targets and/or instruments of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Mühl
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern- Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Malte Bachmann
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern- Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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