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Yao G, Zhang X, Zhang T, Jin J, Qin Z, Ren X, Wang X, Zhang S, Yin X, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang Q. The role of dysbiotic gut mycobiota in modulating risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0177624. [PMID: 39315850 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01776-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a large-vessel disease with high mortality, characterized by complex pathogenic mechanisms. Current therapeutic approaches remain insufficient to halt its progression. Fungi are important members of the gut microbiota. However, their characteristic alterations and roles in AAA remain unclear. This study investigated the role of gut fungal communities in the development of AAA through metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from 31 healthy individuals and 33 AAA patients. We observed significant dysbiosis in the gut mycobiomes of AAA patients compared to healthy individuals, characterized by an increase in pathogenic fungi like Candida species and a decrease in beneficial yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The changes in fungal populations correlated strongly with clinical indicators of AAA, highlighting their potential for diagnosing and predicting AAA progression. Furthermore, our animal experiments demonstrated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae significantly ameliorated pathological alterations in AAA mice, suggesting a protective role for specific yeast strains against AAA development. These findings underscore the significant impact of gut mycobiomes on AAA and suggest that modulating these fungal communities could offer a novel therapeutic approach. Our research advances the understanding of the influence of gut microbiome on vascular diseases and suggests potential non-surgical approaches for managing AAA. By elucidating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of gut fungi in AAA, this study provided important clues for future clinical strategies and therapeutic developments in the field of vascular medicine. IMPORTANCE Our research highlights the crucial role of gut fungi in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. By analyzing fecal samples from AAA patients and healthy controls, we discovered significant dysbiosis in gut fungal communities, characterized by an increase in harmful Candida species and a decrease in beneficial yeasts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This dysbiosis was correlated with the severity of AAA. Importantly, in animal experiments, supplementing with Saccharomyces cerevisiae significantly slowed AAA progression. These findings suggest that modulating gut fungi may offer a novel, non-surgical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of AAA, potentially reducing the need for invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tongxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zihan Qin
- Department of Endocrinology & Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shucui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianlun Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyong Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yang J, Chen L, Zhao SS, Du C, Fan YZ, Liu HX, Li Y, Li YZ. FGF21-dependent alleviation of cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis by sodium butyrate. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1422770. [PMID: 39040469 PMCID: PMC11260614 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1422770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial effects of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and sodium butyrate (NaB) on protection against cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis are not well known. This study aimed to explore the effects of FGF21 and NaB on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis. Methods Wild-type (WT) and FGF21 knockout (KO) mice received BDL surgery for 14 days. Liver fibrosis was assessed by Masson's staining for fibrosis marker expressions at the mRNA or protein levels. Adenovirus-mediated FGF21 overexpression in the WT mice was assessed against BDL damage. BDL surgeries were performed in WT and FGF21 KO mice that were administered either phosphate-buffered saline or NaB. The effects of NaB on the energy metabolism and gut microbiota were assessed using stable metabolism detection and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results BDL-induced liver fibrosis in the WT mice was accompanied by high induction of FGF21. Compared to the WT mice, the FGF21 KO mice showed more severe liver fibrosis induced by BDL. FGF21 overexpression protected against BDL-induced liver fibrosis, as proved by the decreasing α-SMA at both the mRNA and protein levels. NaB administration enhanced the glucose and energy metabolisms as well as remodeled the gut microbiota. NaB alleviated BDL-induced liver fibrosis in the WT mice but aggravated the same in FGF21 KO mice. Conclusion FGF21 plays a key role in alleviating cholestasis-induced liver damage and fibrosis. NaB has beneficial effects on cholestasis in an FGF21-dependent manner. NaB administration can thus be a novel nutritional therapy for treating cholestasis via boosting FGF21 signaling and regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Fan
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Bladder Disease Gene Research, Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chu NHS, Chow E, Chan JCN. The Therapeutic Potential of the Specific Intestinal Microbiome (SIM) Diet on Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:498. [PMID: 39056692 PMCID: PMC11273990 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the intricate crosstalk between dietary prebiotics and the specific intestinal microbiome (SIM) is intriguing in explaining the mechanisms of current successful dietary interventions, including the Mediterranean diet and high-fiber diet. This knowledge forms a robust basis for developing a new natural food therapy. The SIM diet can be measured and evaluated to establish a reliable basis for the management of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), obesity, and metabolic cardiovascular disease. This review aims to delve into the existing body of research to shed light on the promising developments of possible dietary prebiotics in this field and explore the implications for clinical practice. The exciting part is the crosstalk of diet, microbiota, and gut-organ interactions facilitated by producing short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and subsequent metabolite production. These metabolic-related microorganisms include Butyricicoccus, Akkermansia, and Phascolarctobacterium. The SIM diet, rather than supplementation, holds the promise of significant health consequences via the prolonged reaction with the gut microbiome. Most importantly, the literature consistently reports no adverse effects, providing a strong foundation for the safety of this dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natural H. S. Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (J.C.N.C.)
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Dai HY, Zhang ZX, Tan C, Xian X, Ji D, Yang J, Sun J, Yao H. Propionic acid ameliorates cognitive function through immunomodulatory effects on Th17 cells in perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28817. [PMID: 38699705 PMCID: PMC11063405 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly patients undergoing surgery are prone to cognitive decline known as perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Several studies have shown that the microglial activation and the decrease of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in gut induced by surgery may be related to the pathogenesis of PND. The purpose of this study was to determine whether microglia and short-chain fatty acids were involved in cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Methods Male wild-type Wistar rats aged 11-12 months were randomly divided into control group (Ctrl: Veh group), propionic acid group (Ctrl: PA group), exploratory laparotomy group (LP: Veh group) and propionic acid + exploratory laparotomy group (LP: PA group) according to whether exploratory laparotomy (LP) or PA pretreatment for 21 days was performed. The motor ability of the rats was evaluated by open field test on postoperative day 3 (POD3), and then the cognitive function was evaluated by Y-maze test and fear conditioning test. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, RORγt and IL-17A mRNA in hippocampus was detected by RT-qPCR, the expression of IL-17A and IL-17RA in hippocampus was detected by Western blot, and the activation of microglia was detected by immunofluorescence. Results The PND rat model was successfully established by laparotomy. Compared with Ctrl: Veh group, the body weight of LP: Veh group decreased, the percentage of spontaneous alternations in Y maze decreased (P < 0.001), and the percentage of freezing time in contextual fear test decreased (P < 0.001). Surgery triggers neuroinflammation, manifested as the elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001), the increased expression of the transcription factor RORγt (P = 0.0181, POD1; P = 0.0073, POD5)and major inflammatory cytokines IL-17A (P = 0.0215, POD1; P = 0.0071, POD5), and the increased average fluorescence intensity of Iba1 (P < 0.001, POD1; P < 0.001, POD5). After PA preconditioning, the recovery of rats in LP: PA group was faster than that in LP: Veh group as the body weight lost on POD1 (P = 0.0148) was close to the baseline level on POD5 (P = 0.1846), and they performed better in behavioral tests. The levels of IL-1β (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P = 0.0035) inflammatory factors in hippocampus decreased on POD1 and the average fluorescence intensity of Iba1 decreased (P = 0.0024, POD1; P < 0.001, POD5), representing the neuroinflammation was significantly improved. Besides, the levels of RORγt mRNA (P = 0.0231, POD1; P = 0.0251, POD5) and IL-17A mRNA (P = 0.0208, POD1; P = 0.0071, POD5) in hippocampus as well as the expression of IL-17A (P = 0.0057, POD1; P < 0.001, POD5) and IL-17RA (P = 0.0388) decreased. Conclusion PA pretreatment results in reduced postoperative neuroinflammation and improved cognitive function, potentially attributed to the regulatory effects of PA on Th17-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-yu Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Pain Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Xian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Pain Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ren SJ, Feng JT, Xiang T, Liao CL, Zhou YP, Xuan RR. Expression and clinical significance of short-chain fatty acids in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:601-611. [PMID: 38689740 PMCID: PMC11056904 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver condition that typically arises in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), prominent metabolites of the gut microbiota, have significant connections with various pregnancy complications, and some SCFAs hold potential for treating such complications. However, the metabolic profile of SCFAs in patients with ICP remains unclear. AIM To investigate the metabolic profiles and differences in SCFAs present in the maternal and cord blood of patients with ICP and determine the clinical significance of these findings. METHODS Maternal serum and cord blood samples were collected from both patients with ICP (ICP group) and normal pregnant women (NP group). Targeted metabolomics was used to assess the SCFA levels in these samples. RESULTS Significant differences in maternal SCFAs were observed between the ICP and NP groups. Most SCFAs exhibited a consistent declining trend in cord blood samples from the ICP group, mirroring the pattern seen in maternal serum. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between maternal serum SCFAs and cord blood SCFAs [r (Pearson) = 0.88, P = 7.93e-95]. In both maternal serum and cord blood, acetic and caproic acids were identified as key metabolites contributing to the differences in SCFAs between the two groups (variable importance for the projection > 1). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that multiple SCFAs in maternal blood have excellent diagnostic capabilities for ICP, with caproic acid exhibiting the highest diagnostic efficacy (area under the curve = 0.97). CONCLUSION Compared with the NP group, significant alterations were observed in the SCFAs of maternal serum and cord blood in the ICP group, although they displayed distinct patterns of change. Furthermore, the SCFA levels in maternal serum and cord blood were significantly positively correlated. Notably, certain maternal serum SCFAs, specifically caproic and acetic acids, demonstrated excellent diagnostic efficiency for ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Jun Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Ting Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang Province, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang Province, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cai-Lian Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang Province, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Akram AW, Saba E, Rhee MH. Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Activities of Lespedeza cuneata via Pharmacological Inhibition of Integrin αIIb β3, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT Pathways and FeCl3-Induced Murine Thrombosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:9927160. [PMID: 38370873 PMCID: PMC10872769 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9927160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the major cause of mortality all around the globe. Lespedeza cuneata abbreviated as L. cuneata with the authority name of Dumont de Courset (G. Don) is a perennial flowering plant commonly grown in Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. We aimed to investigate the L. cuneata extract's antiplatelet and antithrombotic properties as GC-MS analysis indicated that the extract contained short-chain fatty acids, which have been reported to possess beneficial cardiovascular effects. L. cuneata was extracted using water, 50% EtOH, 70% EtOH, and 100% EtOH. For in vitro antiplatelet analysis, washed platelets were prepared and incubated with L. cuneata with 200 μg/mL of 50% EtOH in the presence of 1 mM of CaCl2 for 1 minute followed by agonist (collagen 2.5 μg/mL or ADP 10 μM or thrombin 0.1 U/mL) stimulation for 5 minutes over light transmission aggregometer. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to assess platelet shape change. ATP release and intracellular calcium mobilization were quantified to assess the granular content. Fibrinogen-binding assay and clot retraction assay assessed integrin αIIbβ3-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling. Protein phosphorylation expression was investigated by western blot analysis. Finally, the in vivo antithrombotic efficacy was investigated by oral dosage of L. cuneata 200 and 400 mg/kg and aspirin 100 mg/kg for 7 days, and tail bleeding and FeCl3-induced murine thrombus model were performed. In vitro platelet aggregation and platelet shape change were dose-dependently suppressed by L. cuneata. Calcium mobilization, dense granules secretion, integrin αIIbβ3-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling, and protein phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways were significantly inhibited. In vivo assays revealed that L. cuneata prevents side effects of synthetic drugs via nonsignificantly increasing bleeding time and improving coronary artery blood flow and animal survival. Our results demonstrate that L. cuneata exhibited potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects and can be considered a potential herbal medicine with cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab Akram
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Evelyn Saba
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Companion Animal Medical Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Tian QB, Chen SJ, Xiao LJ, Xie JQ, Zhao HB, Zhang X. Potential effects of nutrition-induced alteration of gut microbiota on inflammatory bowel disease: A review. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:78-90. [PMID: 38450936 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a group of gradually progressive diseases bringing significant mental anguish and imposes serious economic burdens. Interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Nutrients, as crucial environmental determinants, mainly encompassing carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and micronutrients, are closely related to the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Nutrition is essential for maintaining the dynamic balance of intestinal eco-environments to ensure intestinal barrier and immune homeostasis, while this balance can be disrupted easily by maladjusted nutrition. Research has firmly established that nutrition has the potential to shape the composition and function of gut microbiota to affect the disease course. Unhealthy diet and eating disorders lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis and further destroy the function of intestinal barrier such as the disruption of membrane integrity and increased permeability, thereby triggering intestinal inflammation. Notably, appropriate nutritional interventions, such as the Mediterranean diet, can positively modulate intestinal microecology, which may provide a promising strategy for future IBD prevention. In this review, we provide insights into the interplay between nutrition and gut microbiota and its effects on IBD and present some previously overlooked lines of evidence regarding the role of derived metabolites in IBD processes, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and imidazole propionate. Furthermore, we provide some insights into reducing the risk of onset and exacerbation of IBD by modifying nutrition and discuss several outstanding challenges and opportunities for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bai Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shui Jiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Jun Xiao
- Guangdong Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Qi Xie
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong Bo Zhao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Cheng J, Zhang G, Liu L, Luo J, Peng X. Anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucans from different sources before and after fermentation by fecal bacteria in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1116-1131. [PMID: 37740718 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Glucans are widely sourced and have various physiological effects, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the strength of the anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucans from different sources remains unknown due to the lack of rapid and effective biomarkers. This study therefore aimed to screen out the β-glucans with strong anti-inflammatory activity from five different sources and to further screen out possible biomarkers in metabolites after fermenting the β-glucans with gut microorganisms. RESULTS The results showed that all five β-glucans inhibited the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and suppressed the mRNA expression level of TLR4/MyD88. Their anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved the inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppression of mRNA expression of the NF-κB pathway and JNK pathway. Among them, barley β-glucan exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory effect, followed by Ganoderma lucidum β-glucan. Enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of β-glucan was found after fermentation and may be related to the increased abundance of metabolites such as vanillin, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid. They were strongly positively correlated to the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Blautia, suggesting that the production of those metabolites may be responsible for the flourishing of the beneficial bacteria. CONCLUSION In conclusion, barley was a preferred raw material for the preparation of β-glucans with strong anti-inflammatory activity. Vanillin, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid were the possible biomarkers that could be utilized to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-glucans. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Luqman A, Hassan A, Ullah M, Naseem S, Ullah M, Zhang L, Din AU, Ullah K, Ahmad W, Wang G. Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321395. [PMID: 38343539 PMCID: PMC10853344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such a microbiome is essential for sustaining host equilibrium, and its impact on human health can be altered by a variety of factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, and genetics. Gut microbes' imbalances are related to a variety of chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, and digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal microbes have a significant role in the formation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is still the primary cause of fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and some inherited variables are all cardiovascular risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, intestinal flora, and dietary intake. Variations in the diversity of gut microbes and changes in their activity are thought to influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, the gut microbiota acts as an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites such as TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), and bile acids, which have a substantial impact on host wellness and disease by multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this overview is to compile current evidence highlighting the intricate links between gut microbiota, metabolites, and the development of CVD. It focuses on how intestinal dysbiosis promotes CVD risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. This review explores the normal physiology of intestinal microbes and potential techniques for targeting gut bacteria for CVD treatment using various microbial metabolites. It also examines the significance of gut bacteria in disease treatment, including supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, and fecal transplantation, which is an innovative approach to the management of CVD. As a result, gut bacteria and metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive as potential targets for CVD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sahar Naseem
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehraj Ullah
- School of Fermentation Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
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10
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Theys C, Vanderhaeghen T, Van Dijck E, Peleman C, Scheepers A, Ibrahim J, Mateiu L, Timmermans S, Vanden Berghe T, Francque SM, Van Hul W, Libert C, Vanden Berghe W. Loss of PPARα function promotes epigenetic dysregulation of lipid homeostasis driving ferroptosis and pyroptosis lipotoxicity in metabolic dysfunction associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD). FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2024; 3:1283170. [PMID: 39086681 PMCID: PMC11285560 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1283170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a growing epidemic with an estimated prevalence of 20%-30% in Europe and the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The onset and progression of MASLD are orchestrated by an interplay of the metabolic environment with genetic and epigenetic factors. Emerging evidence suggests altered DNA methylation pattern as a major determinant of MASLD pathogenesis coinciding with progressive DNA hypermethylation and gene silencing of the liver-specific nuclear receptor PPARα, a key regulator of lipid metabolism. To investigate how PPARα loss of function contributes to epigenetic dysregulation in MASLD pathology, we studied DNA methylation changes in liver biopsies of WT and hepatocyte-specific PPARα KO mice, following a 6-week CDAHFD (choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet) or chow diet. Interestingly, genetic loss of PPARα function in hepatocyte-specific KO mice could be phenocopied by a 6-week CDAHFD diet in WT mice which promotes epigenetic silencing of PPARα function via DNA hypermethylation, similar to MASLD pathology. Remarkably, genetic and lipid diet-induced loss of PPARα function triggers compensatory activation of multiple lipid sensing transcription factors and epigenetic writer-eraser-reader proteins, which promotes the epigenetic transition from lipid metabolic stress towards ferroptosis and pyroptosis lipid hepatoxicity pathways associated with advanced MASLD. In conclusion, we show that PPARα function is essential to support lipid homeostasis and to suppress the epigenetic progression of ferroptosis-pyroptosis lipid damage associated pathways towards MASLD fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Theys
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Cedric Peleman
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Pathophysiology Lab, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Scheepers
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joe Ibrahim
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ligia Mateiu
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Timmermans
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Pathophysiology Lab, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven M. Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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11
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Usman I, Anwar A, Shukla S, Pathak P. Mechanistic Review on the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:13-39. [PMID: 38879769 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x310857240607103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which stand as the primary contributors to illness and death on a global scale, include vital risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, to name a few. However, conventional cardiovascular risk factors offer only partial insight into the complexity of CVDs. Lately, a growing body of research has illuminated that the gut microbiome and its by-products are also of paramount importance in the initiation and progression of CVDs. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microorganisms, commonly known as gut microbiota, that metabolize nutrients, yielding substances like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and so on. Strategies aimed at addressing these microbes and their correlated biological pathways have shown promise in the management and diagnosis of CVDs. This review offers a comprehensive examination of how the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF), explores potential underlying mechanisms, and highlights emerging therapeutic prospects in this dynamic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Aamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Shivang Shukla
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
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12
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Li D, Lin Q, Luo F, Wang H. Insights into the Structure, Metabolism, Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sialic Acid: A Review. Foods 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 38201173 PMCID: PMC10779236 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) is a kind of functional monosaccharide which exists widely in edible bird's nest (EBN), milk, meat, mucous membrane surface, etc. SA is an important functional component in promoting brain development, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor and immune regulation. The intestinal mucosa covers the microbial community that has a significant impact on health. In the gut, SA can also regulate gut microbiota and metabolites, participating in different biological functions. The structure, source and physiological functions of SA were reviewed in this paper. The biological functions of SA through regulating key signaling pathways and target genes were discussed. In summary, SA can modulate gut microbiota and metabolites, which affect gene expressions and exert its biological activities. It is helpful to provide scientific reference for the further investigation of SA in the functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Full Life-Cycle Energy-Efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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13
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Li W, Lan T, Ding Q, Ren Z, Tang Z, Tang Q, Peng X, Xu Y, Sun Z. Effect of Low Protein Diets Supplemented with Sodium Butyrate, Medium-Chain Fatty Acids, or n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Microbiome of Weaned Piglets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17592. [PMID: 38139420 PMCID: PMC10743886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-protein (LP) diets supplemented with sodium butyrate (SB), medium-chain fatty acids (MCT), or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the growth performance, immune function, and the microbiome of weaned piglets. A total of 120 healthy weaned piglets ((Landrace × Large White × Duroc); 7.93 ± 0.7 kg initial body weight), were randomly divided into five groups. Each group consisted of six replications with four piglets per replication. Dietary treatments included control diet (CON); LP diet (LP); LP + 0.2% SB diet (LP + SB); LP + 0.2% MCT diet (LP + MCT); and LP + PUFA diet (LP + PUFA). The experimental period lasted for 4 weeks. Compared with the CON diet, LP, LP + SB, LP + MCT, and LP + PUFA diets decreased the final weight and average daily gain (ADG) of piglets (p < 0.05). There were lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of IL-8 and higher (p < 0.05) Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the plasma of piglets fed with LP + SB, LP + MCT, and LP + PUFA diets than those fed with the LP diet. The piglets in the LP + SB and LP + PUFA groups had lower IKK-alpha (IKKa) mRNA expression in the colonic mucosa compared with those in the CON and LP groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TLR4 in the colonic mucosa of piglets in the LP + SB, LP + MCT, and LP + PUFA groups was decreased when compared with the CON and LP groups (p < 0.05). The LP + MCT diets increased the gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the colonic mucosa of piglets compared with CON, LP, and LP + SB diets (p < 0.05). The abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae in the colonic microbiome of piglets in the LP group was higher than that in the other four groups (p < 0.05). Collectively, this study showed that LP diets supplemented with SB, MCT, or n-3 PUFA reduced plasma inflammatory factor levels, increased plasma GSH-Px activity, and declined mRNA expression of TLR4 and IKKa in the colonic epithelium, whereas it reduced the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae in the colon of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.L.)
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14
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Ye J, Feng T, Su L, Li J, Gong Y, Ma X. Interactions between Helicobacter pylori infection and host metabolic homeostasis: A comprehensive review. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13030. [PMID: 37871913 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota actively and extensively participates in the regulation of human metabolism, playing a crucial role in the development of metabolic diseases. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), when colonizing gastric epithelial cells, not only induces local tissue inflammation or malignant transformation but also leads to systemic and partial changes in host metabolism. These shifts can be mediated through direct contact, toxic components, or indirect immune responses. Consequently, they influence various molecular metabolic events that impact nutritional status and iron absorption in the host. Unraveling the intricate and diverse molecular interaction links between H. pylori and human metabolism modulation is essential for understanding pathogenesis mechanisms and developing targeted treatments for related diseases. However, significant challenges persist in comprehensively understanding the complex association networks among H. pylori itself, the infected host's status, the host microbiome, and the immune response. Previous metabolomics research has indicated that H. pylori infection and eradication may selectively shape the metabolite and microbial profiles of gastric lesions. Yet, it remains largely unknown how these diverse metabolic pathways, including isovaleric acid, cholesterol, fatty acids, and phospholipids, specifically modulate gastric carcinogenesis or affect the host's serum metabolism, consequently leading to the development of metabolic-associated diseases. The direct contribution of H. pylori to metabolisms still lacks conclusive evidence. In this review, we summarize recent advances in clinical evidence highlighting associations between chronic H. pylori infection and metabolic diseases, as well as its potential molecular regulatory patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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15
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Feng Y, Xu D. Short-chain fatty acids are potential goalkeepers of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1271001. [PMID: 38027009 PMCID: PMC10679725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1271001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced by gut bacteria and play a crucial role in various inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that SCFAs can improve the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms through which SCFAs regulate the development of atherosclerosis have not been fully elucidated. This review provides an overview of the research progress on SCFAs regarding their impact on the risk factors and pathogenesis associated with atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on their interactions with the endothelium and immune cells. These interactions encompass the inflammation and oxidative stress of endothelial cells, the migration of monocytes/macrophages, the lipid metabolism of macrophages, the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, and the proliferation and differentiation of Treg cells. Nevertheless, the current body of research is insufficient to comprehensively understand the full spectrum of SCFAs' mechanisms of action. Therefore, further in-depth investigations are imperative to establish a solid theoretical foundation for the development of clinical therapeutics in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen X, Zhang H, Ren S, Ding Y, Remex NS, Bhuiyan MS, Qu J, Tang X. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in cardiovascular diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2269-2284. [PMID: 37442759 PMCID: PMC10538883 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, aneurysm, thrombosis, and hypertension, are a great economic burden and threat to human health and are the major cause of death worldwide. Recently, researchers have begun to appreciate the role of microbial ecosystems within the human body in contributing to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota is closely associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiota functions as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive metabolites that participate in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and their dysfunction can directly influence the progression of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the current literature demonstrating the role of the gut microbiota in the development of cardiovascular diseases. We also highlight the mechanism by which well-documented gut microbiota-derived metabolites, especially trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and phenylacetylglutamine, promote or inhibit the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of altering the gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites to improve or prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sichong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Yangnan Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Naznin Sultana Remex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Jiahua Qu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Zheng J, Li Z, Xu H. Intestinal Microbiotas and Alcoholic Hepatitis: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Value. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14809. [PMID: 37834256 PMCID: PMC10573193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a rapidly progressing and severe stage of alcoholic liver disease, presenting a grim prognosis. Extensive research has elucidated several underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development of AH, including metabolic alterations, immune stimulation, and intestinal dysbiosis. These pathological changes intricately intertwine during the progression of AH. Notably, recent studies have increasingly highlighted the pivotal role of alterations in the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AH. Consequently, future investigations should place significant emphasis on exploring the dynamics of intestinal microbiota. In this comprehensive review, we consolidate the primary causes of AH while underscoring the influence of gut microbes. Furthermore, by examining AH treatment strategies, we delineate the potential therapeutic value of interventions targeting the gut microbiota. Given the existing limitations in AH treatment options, we anticipate that this review will contribute to forthcoming research endeavors aimed at advancing AH treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zheng
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziyi Li
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Jing J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhu C, Zhang Z. Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252907. [PMID: 37719851 PMCID: PMC10504665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The pathogenesis of AS involves specific structural and functional alterations in various populations of vascular cells at different stages of the disease. The immune response is involved throughout the entire developmental stage of AS, and targeting immune cells presents a promising avenue for its treatment. Over the past 2 decades, studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, have a significant impact on the progression of AS. Interestingly, it has also been reported that there are complex mechanisms of action between GM and their metabolites, immune responses, and natural products that can have an impact on AS. GM and its metabolites regulate the functional expression of immune cells and have potential impacts on AS. Natural products have a wide range of health properties, and researchers are increasingly focusing on their role in AS. Now, there is compelling evidence that natural products provide an alternative approach to improving immune function in the AS microenvironment by modulating the GM. Natural product metabolites such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, and quercetin may improve the intestinal microenvironment by modulating the relative abundance of GM, which in turn influences the accumulation of GM metabolites. Natural products can delay the progression of AS by regulating the metabolism of GM, inhibiting the migration of monocytes and macrophages, promoting the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages, down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of Treg/Th17, and inhibiting the formation of foam cells. Based on the above, we describe recent advances in the use of natural products that target GM and immune cells crosstalk to treat AS, which may bring some insights to guide the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M, Li H. The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115276. [PMID: 37542852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players in various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions in immune and inflammatory responses. For instance, butyrate reduces the development of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits the initiation of a Th2 immune response by dendritic cells (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages, emphasizing their immunomodulatory properties and potential for therapeutics. In animal models of asthma, both butyrate and propionate suppress the M2 polarization pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota leading to altered SCFA production has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. SCFAs trigger autophagy in cancer cells and promote M2 polarization in macrophages, accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing SCFAs holds promise for cancer treatment. Additionally, SCFAs enhance the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) by blocking histone deacetylase, resulting in increased production of antibacterial effectors and improved macrophage-mediated elimination of microorganisms. This highlights the antimicrobial potential of SCFAs and their role in host defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on the functional aspects and underlying mechanisms of SCFAs in relation to macrophage activities in a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. By elucidating the intricate interplay between SCFAs and macrophage functions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding of their therapeutic potential and pave the way for future interventions targeting SCFAs in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Duan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Mingmei Huangfu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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20
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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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21
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Guan XQ, Wang CH, Cheng P, Fu LY, Wu QJ, Cheng G, Guan L, Sun ZJ. Effects of Empagliflozin on Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Design of a Pragmatic Randomized, Open-Label Controlled Trial (EMPAGUM). Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1495-1502. [PMID: 37223722 PMCID: PMC10202117 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s404479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although empagliflozin has been recommended for individuals with heart failure, its effects on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain uncertain from a physiopathological standpoint. The metabolites produced by gut microbiota have been shown to have a crucial role in the development of heart failure. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2) have been shown to change the make-up of the gut microbiota in rodent studies. There is mixed evidence from similar studies investigating whether or not SGLT2 can affect the microbiota in the human gut. This trial is a pragmatic, randomized, open-label controlled study with empagliflozin as an intervention. We will enroll 100 patients with HFpEF and randomly assign them to one of two groups to receive either empagliflozin or a placebo. Patients in the Empagliflozin group will be given 10 mg of the drug daily, while those in the Control group will not be given empagliflozin or any other SGLT2. The purpose of the trial is to validate the changes that occur in gut microbiota in patients with HFpEF who take empagliflozin and to investigate the function of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan-He Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Fu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110021, People’s Republic of China
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Albuquerque Pereira MDF, Morais de Ávila LG, Dos Santos Cruz BC, Campos Silva B, Licursi de Oliveira L, Vilela Gonçalves R, de Oliveira Barros Ribon A, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Gouveia Peluzio MDC. The role of IL-10 in regulating inflammation and gut microbiome in mice consuming milk kefir and orally challenged with S. Typhimurium. Food Funct 2023; 14:3804-3814. [PMID: 37000521 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Kefir has been suggested as a possible bacterial prophylaxis against Salmonella and IL-10 production seems to be crucial in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis in mice. This study evaluated the role of IL-10 in the inflammation and gut microbiome in mice consuming milk kefir and orally challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. C57BL wild type (WT) (n = 40) and C57BL IL-10-/- (KO) (n = 40) mice were subdivided into eight experimental groups either treated or not with kefir. In the first 15 days, the water groups received filtered water (0.1 mL) while the kefir groups received milk kefir (10% w/v) orally by gavage. Then, two groups of each strain received a single dose (0.1 mL) of the inoculum of S. Typhimurium (ATCC 14028, dose: 106 CFU mL-1). After four weeks, the animals were euthanized to remove the colon for further analysis. Kefir prevented systemic infections only in IL-10-/- mice, which were able to survive, regulate cytokines, and control colon inflammation. The abundance in Lachnospiraceae and Roseburia, and also the higher SCFA production in the pre-infection, showed that kefir has a role in intestinal health and protection, colonizing and offering competition for nutrients with the pathogen as well as acting in the regulation of salmonella infectivity only in the absence of IL-10. These results demonstrate the role of IL-10 in the prognosis of salmonellosis and how milk kefir can be used in acute infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Gabriela Morais de Ávila
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioinformatics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Cristina Dos Santos Cruz
- Biological Sciences and Health Institute, Rodovia BR230 KM 7, Rio Paranaíba - MG, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Campos Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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23
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Zhang Q, Zhao W, Hou Y, Song X, Yu H, Tan J, Zhou Y, Zhang HT. β-Glucan attenuates cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice via regulating intestinal flora and its metabolites. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1690-1704. [PMID: 36890624 PMCID: PMC10173722 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal flora has been shown to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be improved by β-glucan, a polysaccharide derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which affects cognitive function through the intestinal flora. However, it is not known if this effect of β-glucan is involved in AD. METHOD This study used behavioral testing to measure cognitive function. After that, high-throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and GC-MS were used to analyze the intestinal microbiota and metabolite SCFAs of AD model mice, and further explore the relationship between intestinal flora and neuroinflammation. Finally, the expressions of inflammatory factors in the mouse brain were detected by Western blot and Elisa methods. RESULTS We found that appropriate supplementation of β-glucan during the progression of AD can improve cognitive impairment and reduce A β plaque deposition. In addition, supplementation of β-glucan can also promote changes in the composition of the intestinal flora, thereby changing the flora metabolites in the intestinal content and reduce the activation of inflammatory factors and microglia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus through the brain-gut axis. While reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, thereby controlling neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION The imbalance of the gut microbiota and metabolites plays a role in the progression of AD; β-glucan blocks the development of AD by improving the gut microbiota and its metabolites and reducing neuroinflammation. β-Glucan is a potential strategy for the treatment of AD by reshaping the gut microbiota and improving its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City, China.,Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xinxin Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Jinghe Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City, China
| | - Yanmeng Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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24
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Castillo-Rozas G, Lopez MN, Soto-Rifo R, Vidal R, Cortes CP. Enteropathy and gut dysbiosis as obstacles to achieve immune recovery in undetectable people with HIV: a clinical view of evidence, successes, and projections. AIDS 2023; 37:367-378. [PMID: 36695354 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Immune performance following antiretroviral therapy initiation varies among patients. Despite achieving viral undetectability, a subgroup of patients fails to restore CD4+ T-cell counts during follow-up, which exposes them to non-AIDS defining comorbidities and increased mortality. Unfortunately, its mechanisms are incompletely understood, and no specific treatment is available. In this review, we address some of the pathophysiological aspects of the poor immune response from a translational perspective, with emphasis in the interaction between gut microbiome, intestinal epithelial dysfunction, and immune system, and we also discuss some studies attempting to improve immune performance by intervening in this vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Castillo-Rozas
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program
- Cancer Regulation and Immunoediting Laboratory, Immunology Program
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N Lopez
- Cancer Regulation and Immunoediting Laboratory, Immunology Program
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Claudia P Cortes
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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25
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Salazar J, Morillo V, Suárez MK, Castro A, Ramírez P, Rojas M, Añez R, D’Marco L, Chacín-González M, Bermudez V. Role of Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis: Molecular and Therapeutic Aspects. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e020223213408. [PMID: 36733248 PMCID: PMC10494273 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230202164524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most relevant and prevalent cardiovascular diseases of our time. It is one of the pathological entities that increases the morbidity and mortality index in the adult population. Pathophysiological connections have been observed between atherosclerosis and the gut microbiome (GM), represented by a group of microorganisms that are present in the gut. These microorganisms are vital for metabolic homeostasis in humans. Recently, direct and indirect mechanisms through which GM can affect the development of atherosclerosis have been studied. This has led to research into the possible modulation of GM and metabolites as a new target in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. The goal of this review is to analyze the physiopathological mechanisms linking GM and atherosclerosis that have been described so far. We also aim to summarize the recent studies that propose GM as a potential target in atherosclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valery Morillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María K Suárez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ana Castro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Paola Ramírez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Roberto Añez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Luis D’Marco
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, 46115, Spain
| | | | - Valmore Bermudez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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26
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Wang K, Wang K, Wang J, Yu F, Ye C. Protective Effect of Clostridium butyricum on Escherichia coli-Induced Endometritis in Mice via Ameliorating Endometrial Barrier and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0328622. [PMID: 36321897 PMCID: PMC9769554 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03286-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a common reproductive disease occurs both in human and animals. Clostridium butyricum is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that can ferment various carbohydrates into butyric acid. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. butyricum on Escherichia coli-induced endometritis and clarified the underlying mechanism. We first verified the protective effect of C. butyricum in vivo by establishing a mouse model of E. coli-induced endometritis. It was determined that C. butyricum pretreatment significantly reversed E. coli-induced uterine histopathological changes. Meanwhile, C. butyricum pretreatment significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). We found that C. butyricum could inhibit TLR4-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB and the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Furthermore, C. butyricum significantly increased the expression of the tight junction proteins (TJPs) ZO-1, claudin-3, and occludin. Additionally, treatment with C. butyricum culture supernatant dramatically suppressed the degree of inflammation in the uterus, and inactivated C. butyricum did not exert a protective effect. We subsequently investigated butyrate levels in both the uterus and blood and observed a marked augment in the C. butyricum treatment group. Collectively, our data suggest that C. butyricum maintains epithelial barrier function and suppresses inflammatory response during E. coli-induced endometritis and that the protective effect of C. butyricum may be related to the production of butyrate. IMPORTANCE Endometritis is a common reproductive disease both in human and animals. It impairs female fertility by disrupting endometrial function. Antibiotics are widely used to treat endometritis in clinical practice, but the misuse of antibiotics often leads to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic agents to treat bacterial endometritis and overcome bacterial resistance. In this study, we found that C. butyricum could protect from E. coli-induced endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang R, Zhao J, Jin J, Tian Y, Lan L, Wang X, Zhu L, Wang J. WY-14643 attenuates lipid deposition via activation of the PPARα/CPT1A axis by targeting Gly335 to inhibit cell proliferation and migration in ccRCC. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:121. [DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Histologically, cytoplasmic deposits of lipids and glycogen are common in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Owing to the significance of lipid deposition in ccRCC, numerous trials targeting lipid metabolism have shown certain therapeutic potential. The agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) via ligands, including WY-14,643, has been considered a promising intervention for cancers.
Methods
First, the effects of WY-14,643 on malignant behaviors were investigated in ccRCC in vitro. After RNA sequencing, the changes in lipid metabolism, especially neutral lipids and glycerol, were further evaluated. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were revealed.
Results
Phenotypically, the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells treated with WY-14,643 were significantly inhibited in vitro. A theoretical functional mechanism was proposed in ccRCC: WY-14,643 mediates lipid consumption by recognizing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 A (CPT1A). Activation of PPARα using WY-14,643 reduces lipid deposition by increasing the CPT1A level, which also suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway. Spatially, WY-14,643 binds and activates PPARα by targeting Gly335.
Conclusion
Overall, WY-14,643 suppresses the biological behaviors of ccRCC in terms of cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, its anticancer properties are mediated by the inhibition of lipid accumulation, at least in part, through the PPARα/CPT1A axis by targeting Gly335, as part of the process, NF-κB signaling is also suppressed. Pharmacological activation of PPARα might offer a new treatment option for ccRCC.
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Bifidobacterium breve Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Maintaining the Mucosal and Epithelial Barriers and Modulating Gut Microbes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183671. [PMID: 36145047 PMCID: PMC9503522 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the different intestinal barrier repair mechanisms of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) H4-2 and H9-3 with different exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in mice with colitis. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IEC-6 cell inflammation model and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mice colitis model were used. Histopathological changes, epithelial barrier integrity, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content, cytokine levels, NF-κB expression level, and intestinal flora were analyzed to evaluate the role of B. breve in alleviating colitis. Cell experiments indicated that both B. breve strains could regulate cytokine levels. In vivo experiments confirmed that oral administration of B. breve H4-2 and B. breve H9-3 significantly increased the expression of mucin, occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and increased IL-10. Both strains of B. breve also inhibited the expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, B. breve H4-2 and H9-3 intervention significantly increased the levels of SCFAs, reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidea, and increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae. These results demonstrate that EPS-producing B. breve strains H4-2 and H9-3 can regulate the physical, immune, and microbial barrier to repair the intestinal damage caused by DSS in mice. Of the two strains, H4-2 had a higher EPS output and was more effective at repair than H9-3. These results will provide insights useful for clinical applications and the development of probiotic products for the treatment of colitis.
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29
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Shang C, Xiang M, Li L, Cui X. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids: Implications for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:900381. [PMID: 36035928 PMCID: PMC9403138 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.900381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been on the rise around the globe in the past few decades despite the existing guidelines for prevention and treatment. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites of certain colonic anaerobic bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract and have been found to be the key metabolites in the host of CVDs. Accumulating evidence suggest that the end-products of SCFAs (including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) interact with CVDs through maintaining intestinal integrity, anti-inflammation, modulating glucolipid metabolism, blood pressure, and activating gut-brain axis. Recent advances suggest a promising way to prevent and treat CVDs by controlling SCFAs. Hence, this review tends to summarize the functional roles carried out by SCFAs that are reported in CVDs studies. This review also highlights several novel therapeutic interventions for SCFAs to prevent and treat CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li,
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiangning Cui,
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30
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Wei W, Xie LZ, Xia Q, Fu Y, Liu FY, Ding DN, Han FJ. The role of vaginal microecology in the cervical cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:2237-2254. [PMID: 35815344 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of vaginal microecology in cervical cancer, so as to increase the understanding of cervical cancer and lay a foundation for future large-sample clinical trials. METHODS We reviewed and summarized the literature comprehensively, and discussed the relationship between vaginal microecology and HPV infection, CIN progression and cervical cancer, as well as the potential molecular mechanism and the prospects of probiotics and prebiotics in future cancer treatments. RESULTS With the popularization of high-throughput sequencing technology and the development of bioinformatics analysis technology, many evidences show that the increase in the diversity of the bacterial community in the vaginal microecological environment and the decrease in the number of Lactobacilli are associated with the continuous infection of HPV and the further development of CIN, cervical cancer-related. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal microecological imbalance has an important impact on the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. However, the pathogenesis is not completely clear, and more high-level basic research and longitudinal clinical studies are needed to verify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Liang-Zhen Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dan-Ni Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Feng-Juan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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He C, Gao M, Zhang X, Lei P, Yang H, Qing Y, Zhang L. The Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Depends on Gut Microbial and Nrf2-Related Mechanism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:893344. [PMID: 35832050 PMCID: PMC9271993 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.893344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and brussels sprouts, has a variety of biological functions. This study was undertaken to assess the potential efficacy of SFN in ameliorating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. UC was induced in mice with administration of 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with Mesalazine (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) and various doses of SFN (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight). In DSS colitis mice, the hallmarks of disease observed as shortened colon lengths, increased disease activity index (DAI) scores and pathological damage, higher proinflammatory cytokines and decreased expression of tight junction proteins, were alleviated by SFN treatment. SFN also partially restored the perturbed gut microbiota composition and increased production of volatile fatty acids (especially caproic acid) induced by DSS administration. The heatmap correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bacteroides acidifaciens, unclassified Rikenellaceae RC9, and unclassified Bacteroides were significantly correlated with disease severity. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), and Phase II enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were involved in the protective effect of SFN against DSS-induced colitis. This study's findings suggest that SFN may serve as a therapeutic agent protecting against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canxia He
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mingfei Gao
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanping Qing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Yanping Qing
| | - Lina Zhang
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lina Zhang
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Tanelian A, Nankova B, Miari M, Nahvi RJ, Sabban EL. Resilience or susceptibility to traumatic stress: Potential influence of the microbiome. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 19:100461. [PMID: 35789769 PMCID: PMC9250071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic stress is a major risk factor for development of neuropsychiatric disorders in a sub-population of individuals, while others remain resilient. The mechanisms and contributing factors differentiating between these phenotypes are still unclear. We hypothesize that inter-individual differences in the microbial composition and function contribute to host resilience or susceptibility to stress-induced psychopathologies. The current study aimed to characterize gut microbial community before and after exposure to traumatic stress in an animal model of PTSD. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into unstressed controls and experimental group subjected to Single Prolonged Stress (SPS). After 14 days, behavioral analyses were performed using Open Field, Social Interaction and Elevated Plus Maze tests. Based on the anxiety measures, the SPS group was further subdivided into resilient (SPS-R) and susceptible (SPS–S) cohorts. The animals were sacrificed after the last behavioral test and cecum, colon, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex were dissected. Prior to SPS and immediately after Open Field test, fecal samples were collected from each rat for 16S V3–V4 ribosomal DNA sequencing, whereas urine samples were collected before SPS, 90 min into immobilization and on the day of sacrifice to measure epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. Analyses of the fecal microbiota revealed significant differences in microbial communities and in their predictive functionality among the groups before and after SPS stressors. Before SPS, the SPS-S subgroup harbored microbiota with an overall pro-inflammatory phenotype, whereas SPS-R subgroup had microbiota with an overall anti-inflammatory phenotype, with predictive functional pathways enriched in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and decreased in amino acid metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases. After SPS, the gut microbial communities and their predictive functionality shifted especially in SPS cohorts, with volatility at the genus level correlating inversely with Anxiety Index. In line with the alterations seen in the gut microbiota, the levels of cecal short chain fatty acids were also altered, with SPS-S subgroup having significantly lower levels of acetate, valerate and caproate. The levels of acetate inversely correlated with Anxiety Index. Interestingly, urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were also higher in the SPS-S subgroup at baseline and during stress, indicative of an altered sympathoadrenal stress axis. Finally, shorter colon (marker of intestinal inflammation) and a lower claudin-5 protein expression (marker for increased blood brain barrier permeability) were observed in the SPS-S subgroup. Taken together, our results suggest microbiota is a potential factor in predisposing subjects either to stress susceptibility or resilience. Moreover, SPS triggered significant shifts in the gut microbiota, their metabolites and brain permeability. These findings could lead to new therapeutic directions for PTSD possibly through the controlled manipulation of gut microbiota. It may enable early identification of individuals more likely to develop prolonged anxiogenic symptoms following traumatic stress. Preexisting individual differences in microbiome relate to host's stress response. Shift in the microbial composition differs in SPS-R and SPS-S subgroups after SPS. Cecal levels of acetate in SPS subgroups correlate inversely with anxiety index. Basal and stress-induced urinary catecholamine levels are higher in SPS-S subgroup. SPS-S subgroup has shorter colon, less cecal SCFA and lower brain TJ protein.
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Ge X, He X, Lin Z, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Zhao L, Zeng F, Chen L, Xu W, Liu T, Chen Z, Zhao C, Huang Y, Liu B. 6,8-(1,3-Diaminoguanidine) luteolin and its Cr complex show hypoglycemic activities and alter intestinal microbiota composition in type 2 diabetes mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:3572-3589. [PMID: 35262159 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds such as luteolin exhibit hypolipidemic effects, and there are few reports on the hypoglycemic activity of luteolin derivatives. In this research, 6,8-(1,3-diaminoguanidine) luteolin (DAGL) and its Cr complex (DAGL·Cr) were obtained as a result of structural modifications to luteolin, and the hypoglycemic activities and the composition of intestinal microbiota in T2DM mice were investigated. This study found that DAGL and DAGL·Cr could significantly restore body weight, FBG, OGTT, AUC, and GSP in T2DM mice. Moreover, the pancreatic islet function index and the biochemical indicators of serum and the liver were also significantly improved. The histopathological results also showed that DAGL and DAGL·Cr had a stronger repair ability in the liver and the pancreas. It was also revealed that the potential hypoglycemic mechanism of DAGL and DAGL·Cr was involved in the simultaneous regulation of PI3K/AKT-1/GSK-3β/GLUT-4 and PI3K/AKT-1/mTOR/S6K1/IRS-1. Furthermore, DAGL and DAGL·Cr could also regulate the structure of the intestinal microbiota and increase the content of SCFA to relieve the symptoms of hyperglycemia in T2DM mice. This included a significant reduction in the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B), and at the genus level, an increase in the relative abundance of Alistipe and Ruminiclostridium, and improvement in the content of SCFA in the feces of T2DM mice. In conclusion, in this study, DAGL and DAGL·Cr were found to improve hyperglycemia in T2DM mice by improving the pancreatic islet function index, regulating the biochemical indicators of serum and the liver, repairing damaged tissues, and regulating the PI3K/AKT-1 signaling pathway as well as reducing F/B, increasing the relative abundance of intestinal beneficial microbiota, and the content of SCFA in the feces. The hypoglycemic effect of DAGL·Cr on the body weight, serum IL-10, serum IL-6, and pancreatic islet function index was significantly better than that of DAGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ge
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoyu He
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhenshan Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Ligen Chen
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Li D, Luo F, Guo T, Han S, Wang H, Lin Q. Targeting NF-κB pathway by dietary lignans in inflammation: expanding roles of gut microbiota and metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5967-5983. [PMID: 35068283 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2026871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major factor affecting human health. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays a vital role in the development of inflammation, and the promoters of most inflammatory cytokine genes have NF-κB-binding sites. Targeting NF-κB could be an exciting route for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. As important constituents of natural plants, lignans are proved to have numerous biological functions. There are growing pieces of evidence demonstrate that lignans have the potential anti-inflammatory activities. In this work, the type, structure and source of lignans and the influence on mitigating the inflammation are systematically summarized. This review focuses on the targeting NF-κB signaling pathway in the inflammatory response by different lignans and their molecular mechanisms. Lignans also regulate gut microflora and change gut microbial metabolites, which exert novel pathway to prevent NF-κB activation. Taken together, lignans target NF-κB with various mechanisms to inhibit inflammatory cytokine expressions in the inflammatory response. It will provide a scientific theoretical basis for further research on the anti-inflammatory effects of lignans and the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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35
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Peng H, Ouyang L, Li D, Li Z, Yuan L, Fan L, Liao A, Li J, Wei Y, Yang Z, Ma X, Chen X, He Y. Short-chain fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia and ultra-high risk population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:977538. [PMID: 36578297 PMCID: PMC9790925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.977538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who experience the prodromal phase of schizophrenia (SCZ), a common and complex psychiatric disorder, are referred to as ultra-high-risk (UHR) individuals. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) is imperative in the microbiota-gut-brain axis and brain function. Accumulating amount of evidence shows the connections between psychiatric disorders and SCFAs. This study aims to explore the underlying roles SCFAs play in SCZ by investigating the association of alterations in SCFAs concentrations with common cognitive functions in both the SCZ and UHR populations. METHODS The study recruited 59 SCZ patients (including 15 participants converted from the UHR group), 51 UHR participants, and 40 healthy controls (HC) within a complete follow-up of 2 years. Results of cognitive functions, which were assessed by utilizing HVLT-R and TMT, and serum concentrations of SCFAs were obtained for all participants and for UHR individuals at the time of their conversion to SCZ. RESULTS Fifteen UHR participants converted to SCZ within a 2-year follow-up. Valeric acid concentration levels were lower in both the baseline of UHR individuals whom later converted to SCZ (p = 0.046) and SCZ patients (p = 0.036) than the HC group. Additionally, there were lower concentrations of caproic acid in the baseline of UHR individuals whom later transitioned to SCZ (p = 0.019) and the UHR group (p = 0.016) than the HC group. Furthermore, the caproic acid levels in the UHR group are significantly positively correlated with immediate memory (r = 0.355, p = 0.011) and negatively correlated with TMT-B (r = -0.366, p = 0.009). Significant differences in levels of acetic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid were absent among the three groups and in UHR individuals before and after transition to SCZ. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that alterations in concentrations of SCFAs may be associated with the pathogenesis and the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. Further researches are warranted to explore this association. The clinical implications of our findings were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aijun Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguang Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yisen Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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The Effects of Butyrate on Induced Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Precision-Cut Liver Slices. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124203. [PMID: 34959755 PMCID: PMC8703944 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) starts with hepatic triglyceride accumulation (steatosis) and can progress to more severe stages such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and even cirrhosis. Butyrate, and butyrate-producing bacteria, have been suggested to reduce liver steatosis directly and systemically by increasing liver β-oxidation. This study aimed to examine the influence of butyrate directly on the liver in an ex vivo induced MAFLD model. To maintain essential intercellular interactions, precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs) were used. These PCLSs were prepared from male C57BL/6J mice and cultured in varying concentrations of fructose, insulin, palmitic acid and oleic acid, to mimic metabolic syndrome. Dose-dependent triglyceride accumulation was measured after 24 and 48 h of incubation with the different medium compositions. PCLSs viability, as indicated by ATP content, was not affected by medium composition or the butyrate concentration used. Under induced steatotic conditions, butyrate did not prevent triglyceride accumulation. Moreover, it lowered the expression of genes encoding for fatty acid oxidation and only increased C4 related carnitines, which indicate butyrate oxidation. Nevertheless, butyrate lowered the fibrotic response of PCLSs, as shown by reduced gene expression of fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and osteopontin, and protein levels of type I collagen. These results suggest that in the liver, butyrate alone does not increase lipid β-oxidation directly but might aid in the prevention of MAFLD progression to NASH and cirrhosis.
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Liu Y, Zheng S, Cui J, Guo T, Zhang J, Li B. Alleviative Effects of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1.8701 on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102086. [PMID: 34683406 PMCID: PMC8539248 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a non-specific chronic inflammatory disease with lesions located in the colon and rectum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of exopolysaccharide-1 (EPS-1) isolated by L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 on UC. The anti-inflammatory effects of EPS-1 were studied using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model. In vivo results showed that EPS-1 administration significantly ameliorated weight loss, colon shortening, disease activity index (DAI) score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and colon tissue damage. In addition, EPS-1 administration significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, EPS-1 administration significantly up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins and mucin. Furthermore, EPS-1 administration modulated gut microbiota composition caused by DSS and increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels. Collectively, our study showed the alleviative effects of EPS- isolated by L. helveticus KLDS1.8701 on DSS-induced UC via alleviating intestinal inflammation, improving mucosal barrier function, and modulating gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (T.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shujuan Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (T.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiale Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (T.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tingting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (T.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.C.); (T.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence:
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Tobin D, Vige R, Calder PC. Review: The Nutritional Management of Multiple Sclerosis With Propionate. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676016. [PMID: 34394076 PMCID: PMC8355737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 15 years there has been an accumulation of data supporting the concept of a gut-brain axis whereby dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can impact neurological function. Such dysbiosis has been suggested as a possible environmental exposure triggering multiple sclerosis (MS). Dysbiosis has been consistently shown to result in a reduction in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria and a reduction in stool and plasma levels of propionate has been shown for MS patients independent of disease stage and in different geographies. A wealth of evidence supports the action of propionate on T-cell activity, resulting in decreased T-helper cell 1 (Th1) and T-helper cell 17 (Th17) numbers/activity and increased regulatory T cell (Treg cell) numbers/activity and an overall anti-inflammatory profile. These different T-cell populations play various roles in the pathophysiology of MS. A recent clinical study in MS patients demonstrated that supplementation of propionate reduces the annual relapse rate and slows disease progression. This review discusses this data and the relevant mechanistic background and discusses whether taming of the overactive immune system in MS is likely to allow easier bacterial and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Nicolò S, Tanturli M, Mattiuz G, Antonelli A, Baccani I, Bonaiuto C, Baldi S, Nannini G, Menicatti M, Bartolucci G, Rossolini GM, Amedei A, Torcia MG. Vaginal Lactobacilli and Vaginal Dysbiosis-Associated Bacteria Differently Affect Cervical Epithelial and Immune Homeostasis and Anti-Viral Defenses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126487. [PMID: 34204294 PMCID: PMC8234132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with High Risk-Human Papilloma Viruses (HR-HPVs) is a primary cause of cervical cancer worldwide. Vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria were correlated with the persistence of HR-HPVs infection and with increased cancer risk. We obtained strains of the most represented bacterial species in vaginal microbiota and evaluated their effects on the survival of cervical epithelial cells and immune homeostasis. The contribution of each species to supporting the antiviral response was also studied. Epithelial cell viability was affected by culture supernatants of most vaginal-dysbiosis bacteria, whereas Lactobacillus gasseri or Lactobacillus jensenii resulted in the best stimulus to induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by human mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMCs). Although vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria induced the IFN-γ production, they were also optimal stimuli to interleukin-17 (IL-17) production. A positive correlation between IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion was observed in cultures of PBMCs with all vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria suggesting that the adaptive immune response induced by these strains is not dominated by TH1 differentiation with reduced availability of IFN-γ, cytokine most effective in supporting virus clearance. Based on these results, we suggest that a vaginal microbiota dominated by lactobacilli, especially by L. gasseri or L. jensenii, may be able to assist immune cells with clearing HPV infection, bypasses the viral escape and restores immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nicolò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Michele Tanturli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Giorgio Mattiuz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baccani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Chiara Bonaiuto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.G.T.); Tel.: +39-0552758330 (A.A.); +39-0552758020 (M.G.T.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.G.T.); Tel.: +39-0552758330 (A.A.); +39-0552758020 (M.G.T.)
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Popeijus HE, Zwaan W, Tayyeb JZ, Plat J. Potential Contribution of Short Chain Fatty Acids to Hepatic Apolipoprotein A-I Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115986. [PMID: 34206021 PMCID: PMC8199098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the major protein of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and has a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It has been postulated that elevating production of de novo ApoA-I might translate into the formation of new functional HDL particles that could lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via RCT. During inflammation, serum ApoA-I concentrations are reduced, which contributes to the development of dysfunctional HDL particles as Serum Amyloid A (SAA) overtakes the position of ApoA-I within the HDL particles. Therefore, instead of elevating serum HDL cholesterol concentrations, rescuing lower serum ApoA-I concentrations could be beneficial in both normal and inflamed conditions. Several nutritional compounds, amongst others short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have shown their capacity to modulate hepatic lipoprotein metabolism. In this review we provide an overview of HDL and more specific ApoA-I metabolism, SCFAs physiology and the current knowledge regarding the influence of SCFAs on ApoA-I expression and synthesis in human liver cells. We conclude that the current evidence regarding the effect of SCFAs on ApoA-I transcription and secretion is promising, however there is a need to investigate which dietary fibres could lead to increased SCFAs formation and consequent elevated ApoA-I concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman E. Popeijus
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.Z.); (J.Z.T.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-620991115
| | - Willem Zwaan
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.Z.); (J.Z.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Jehad Z. Tayyeb
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.Z.); (J.Z.T.); (J.P.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands; (W.Z.); (J.Z.T.); (J.P.)
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Wang Q, Luo Y, Chaudhuri KR, Reynolds R, Tan EK, Pettersson S. The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease: mechanistic insights andtherapeutic options. Brain 2021; 144:2571-2593. [PMID: 33856024 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in which gastrointestinal symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease shows unique changes, which may be used as early biomarkers of disease. Alteration in gut microbiota composition may be related to the cause or effect of motor or non-motor symptoms, but the specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease by regulating neuroinflammation, barrier function and neurotransmitter activity. There is bidirectional communication between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis may provide a pathway for the transmission of α-synuclein. We highlight recent discoveries and alterations of the gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease, and highlight current mechanistic insights on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in disease pathophysiology. We discuss the interactions between production and transmission of α-synuclein and gut inflammation and neuroinflammation. In addition, we also draw attention to diet modification, use of probiotics and prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential therapeutic approaches that may lead to a new treatment paradigm for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence at King's College Hospital, and Kings College, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,LKC School of Medicine, NTU, Singapore.,Sunway University, Department of Medical Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Maternal Microbiota and Metabolism in Pregnancy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041244. [PMID: 33918804 PMCID: PMC8069164 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as products of intestinal bacterial metabolism, are particularly relevant in the diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis. The most common studies of microbiome metabolites include butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid, which occur in varying proportions depending on diet, age, coexisting disease and other factors. During pregnancy, metabolic changes related to the protection of energy homeostasis are of fundamental importance for the developing fetus, its future metabolic fate and the mother’s health. SCFAs act as signaling molecules that regulate the body’s energy balance through G-protein receptors. GPR41 receptors affect metabolism through the microflora, while GPR43 receptors are recognized as a molecular link between diet, microflora, gastrointestinal tract, immunity and the inflammatory response. The possible mechanism by which the gut microflora may contribute to fat storage, as well as the occurrence of gestational insulin resistance, is blocking the expression of the fasting-induced adipose factor. SCFAs, in particular propionic acid via GPR, determine the development and metabolic programming of the fetus in pregnant women. The mechanisms regulating lipid metabolism during pregnancy are similar to those found in obese people and those with impaired microbiome and its metabolites. The implications of SCFAs and metabolic disorders during pregnancy are therefore critical to maternal health and neonatal development. In this review paper, we summarize the current knowledge about SCFAs, their potential impact and possible mechanisms of action in relation to maternal metabolism during pregnancy. Therefore, they constitute a contemporary challenge to practical nutritional therapy. Material and methods: The PubMed database were searched for “pregnancy”, “lipids”, “SCFA” in conjunction with “diabetes”, “hypertension”, and “microbiota”, and searches were limited to work published for a period not exceeding 20 years in the past. Out of 2927 publication items, 2778 papers were excluded from the analysis, due to being unrelated to the main topic, conference summaries and/or articles written in a language other than English, while the remaining 126 publications were included in the analysis.
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Wen X, Xiaoyue D, Longkun D, Yue X, Man Y, Min Z, Liang W, Chengxue Y, Huaxi X. Three main short-chain fatty acids inhibit the activation of THP-1 cells by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:923-930. [PMID: 33590852 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The overactivation of macrophages causes chronic inflammatory diseases. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), potential drugs for clinical treatment, are modulators of macrophage inflammatory reaction. Therefore, the modulation of macrophage-mediated cell activity is expected to become a new therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In this study, 2 kinds of SCFAs (propionate and butyrate) were found to have anti-inflammatory effects in M. pneumoniae-stimulated THP-1 cells inflammatory. They inhibited the expressions of IL-4, IL-6, ROS, and NLRP3 inflammasome, while enhancing the expressions of IL-10 and IFN-γ. Our study revealed these 2 agents to repress transcriptional activities of NF-κB, which are important modulators of inflammation. Meanwhile, SCFAs can significantly enhance the autophagy induced by M. pneumoniae. Considering that SCFAs have few side effects, they might be the promising adjuvant therapy for the prevention and/or treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dai Xiaoyue
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ding Longkun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xi Yue
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Man
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhang Min
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wu Liang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Chengxue
- School of Medical Technology, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu Huaxi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Butyric Acid Added Apically to Intestinal Caco-2 Cells Elevates Hepatic ApoA-I Transcription and Rescues Lower ApoA-I Expression in Inflamed HepG2 Cells Co-Cultured in the Basolateral Compartment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010071. [PMID: 33430253 PMCID: PMC7825706 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) concentrations are decreased during inflammation, which may reduce high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality. Thus, rescuing ApoA-I concentrations during inflammation might help to prevent atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that butyric acid (C4) has anti-inflammatory effects and rescues ApoA-I production. However, whether intestinal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are able to influence hepatic processes is unknown. Therefore, we investigated C4 anti-inflammatory effects on ApoA-I transcription in the intestine-liver co-culture model. C4 dose-response experiments in the presence or absence of cytokines were performed in a co-culture system including Caco-2 cells, HepG2 cells, or both. Changes in ApoA-I transcription in Caco-2 cells and HepG2 cells were analyzed using qPCR. C4 increased ApoA-I expression in HepG2 cells that cultured alone. When both cells were cultured together, C4 decreased ApoA-I expression in Caco-2 cells and increased ApoA-I expression in HepG2 cells. However, adding C4 to apical Caco-2 cells resulted in a smaller effect in HepG2 cells compared with adding C4 directly to the hepatocytes. Moreover, C4 rescued ApoA-I expression in inflamed HepG2 cells. These findings suggests that intestinal SCFAs can affect hepatic processes. However, the smaller effect in the co-culture experiment indicates cross-talk between intestine and liver.
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