1
|
Cocean AM, Vodnar DC. Exploring the gut-brain Axis: Potential therapeutic impact of Psychobiotics on mental health. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111073. [PMID: 38914414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
One of the most challenging and controversial issues in microbiome research is related to gut microbial metabolism and neuropsychological disorders. Psychobiotics affect human behavior and central nervous system processes via the gut-brain axis, involving neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways. They have therapeutic potential in the treatment of several neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, anorexia nervosa, and multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between psychobiotics and the abovementioned diseases need further exploration. This review focuses on the relationship between gut microbiota and its impact on neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, examining the potential of psychobiotics as a preventive and therapeutic approach, summarising recent research on the gut-brain axis and the potential beneficial effects of psychobiotics, highlighting the need for further research and investigation in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Cocean
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamath S, Hunter A, Collins K, Wignall A, Joyce P. The atypical antipsychotics lurasidone and olanzapine exert contrasting effects on the gut microbiome and metabolic function of rats. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39075330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antipsychotics such as olanzapine are associated with significant metabolic dysfunction, attributed to gut microbiome dysbiosis. A recent notion that most psychotropics are detrimental to the gut microbiome has arisen from consistent findings of metabolic adverse effects. However, unlike olanzapine, the metabolic effects of lurasidone are conflicting. Thus, this study investigates the contrasting effects of olanzapine and lurasidone on the gut microbiome to explore the hypothesis of 'gut neutrality' for lurasidone exposure. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using Sprague-Dawley rats, the effects of olanzapine and lurasidone on the gut microbiome were explored. Faecal and blood samples were collected weekly over a 21-day period to analyse changes to the gut microbiome and related metabolic markers. KEY RESULTS Lurasidone triggered no significant weight gain or metabolic alterations, instead positively modulating the gut microbiome through increases in mean operational taxonomical units (OTUs) and alpha diversity. This novel finding suggests an underlying mechanism for lurasidone's metabolic inertia. In contrast, olanzapine triggered a statistically significant decrease in mean OTUs, substantial compositional variation and a depletion in short-chain fatty acid abundance. Microbiome depletion correlated with metabolic dysfunction, producing a 30% increase in weight gain, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and increased blood glycaemic and triglyceride levels. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results challenge the notion that all antipsychotics disrupt the gut microbiome similarly and highlights the potential benefits of gut-neutral antipsychotics, such as lurasidone, in managing metabolic side effects. Further research is warranted to validate these findings in humans to guide personalised pharmacological treatment regimens for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kamath
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander Hunter
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Collins
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation (CPI), UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Correll CU, Tusconi M, Carta MG, Dursun SM. What Remains to Be Discovered in Schizophrenia Therapeutics: Contributions by Advancing the Molecular Mechanisms of Drugs for Psychosis and Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2024; 14:906. [PMID: 39199294 PMCID: PMC11353083 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a frequently debilitating and complex mental disorder affecting approximately 1% of the global population, characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts and behaviors, cognitive dysfunction, and negative symptoms. Traditional treatment has centered on postsynaptic dopamine antagonists, commonly known as antipsychotic drugs, which aim to alleviate symptoms and improve functioning and the quality of life. Despite the availability of these medications, significant challenges remain in schizophrenia therapeutics, including incomplete symptom relief, treatment resistance, and medication side effects. This opinion article explores advancements in schizophrenia treatment, emphasizing molecular mechanisms, novel drug targets, and innovative delivery methods. One promising approach is novel strategies that target neural networks and circuits rather than single neurotransmitters, acknowledging the complexity of brain region interconnections involved in schizophrenia. Another promising approach is the development of biased agonists, which selectively activate specific signaling pathways downstream of receptors, offering potential for more precise pharmacological interventions with fewer side effects. The concept of molecular polypharmacy, where a single drug targets multiple molecular pathways, is exemplified by KarXT, a novel drug combining xanomeline and trospium to address both psychosis and cognitive dysfunction. This approach represents a comprehensive strategy for schizophrenia treatment, potentially improving outcomes for patients. In conclusion, advancing the molecular understanding of schizophrenia and exploring innovative therapeutic strategies hold promise for addressing the unmet needs in schizophrenia treatment, aiming for more effective and tailored interventions. Future research should focus on these novel approaches to achieve better clinical outcomes and improve the functional level and quality of life for individuals with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph U. Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY 10128, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Serdar M. Dursun
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ansari U, Ansari F, Nadora D, Omid A, Omid A, Alam M, Nadora D, Lui F. Implications of the Gut Microbiota for Brain Function and Behavior in Schizophrenia. Cureus 2024; 16:e64340. [PMID: 39131005 PMCID: PMC11316569 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, cognitive impairments, and emotional dysregulation. This psychiatric illness is often resistant to treatment. This literature review aims to analyze the relationship between this complex psychological disorder and the gut microbiota found within the human body. The brain and gut are interconnected, and emerging research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis and schizophrenia. Gut dysbiosis refers to an imbalance or disruption in the composition and function of the gut microbiome. The studies comparing the gut microbiota of patients with schizophrenia to those without highlight significant differences at the phylum and genus levels, providing evidence of gut microbiome alteration. The lack of diversity of microbiota in schizophrenia patients can be altered and improved to a healthier microbiome by way of dietary intervention. Interventions that target the gut-brain axis, such as dietary probiotics or prebiotics, may help alleviate certain symptoms of schizophrenia and help improve patients' well-being. Understanding the complex interplay between gut microbiome health and schizophrenia may allow for the development of targeted interventions that alter the gut microbiome of patients with schizophrenia and, in turn, mitigate their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Ansari
- Neurology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | | | - Dawnica Nadora
- Dermatology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Arman Omid
- Gastroenterology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Alexi Omid
- Gastroenterology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Meraj Alam
- Psychiatry, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Denise Nadora
- Neurology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Forshing Lui
- Clinical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dias MF, Nogueira YJDA, Romano-Silva MA, Marques de Miranda D. Effects of antipsychotics on the gastrointestinal microbiota: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2024; 336:115914. [PMID: 38663221 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Antipsychotics (APs) have been increasingly prescribed for psychiatric disorders from schizophrenia to disruptive behavioral conditions. These drugs have been associated with considerable side effects, such as weight gain, and increasing evidence has also indicated that its use impacts gut microbiota (GM), although this connection is still little understood. To assess APs effects on the GM of patients starting or ongoing treatment, a systematic review was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases. Twelve articles were considered eligible for the review, which investigated the effects of risperidone (5 studies), quetiapine (3), amilsupride (1), olanzapine (1), and unspecified atypical drugs (2). Eleven reported changes in GM in response to APs, and associations between the abundance of bacterial groups and different metabolic parameters were described by most of them. However, the studies were noticeably heterogeneous considering design, methods, and results. In this way, the effects of APs on GM composition and diversity were inconclusive. Despite the uncertain interactions, a more comprehensive understanding on how microbiota is affected by APs may help to optimize treatment, potentially minimizing side effects and improving adherence to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela França Dias
- Molecular Medicine Lab, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
- Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora Marques de Miranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardenas Perez AS, Challis JK, Alcaraz AJ, Ji X, Ramirez AVV, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. Developing an Approach for Integrating Chemical Analysis and Transcriptional Changes to Assess Contaminants in Water, Sediment, and Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38801401 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments pose threats to aquatic organisms because of their continuous release and potential accumulation. Monitoring methods for these contaminants are inadequate, with targeted analyses falling short in assessing water quality's impact on biota. The present study advocates for integrated strategies combining suspect and targeted chemical analyses with molecular biomarker approaches to better understand the risks posed by complex chemical mixtures to nontarget organisms. The research aimed to integrate chemical analysis and transcriptome changes in fathead minnows to prioritize contaminants, assess their effects, and apply this strategy in Wascana Creek, Canada. Analysis revealed higher pharmaceutical concentrations downstream of a wastewater-treatment plant, with clozapine being the most abundant in fathead minnows, showing notable bioavailability from water and sediment sources. Considering the importance of bioaccumulation factor and biota-sediment accumulation factor in risk assessment, these coefficients were calculated based on field data collected during spring, summer, and fall seasons in 2021. Bioaccumulation was classified as very bioaccumulative with values >5000 L kg-1, suggesting the ability of pharmaceuticals to accumulate in aquatic organisms. The study highlighted the intricate relationship between nutrient availability, water quality, and key pathways affected by pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and rubber components. Prioritization of these chemicals was done through suspect analysis, supported by identifying perturbed pathways (specifically signaling and cellular processes) using transcriptomic analysis in exposed fish. This strategy not only aids in environmental risk assessment but also serves as a practical model for other watersheds, streamlining risk-assessment processes to identify environmental hazards and work toward reducing risks from contaminants of emerging concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-22. © 2024 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sharelys Cardenas Perez
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jonathan K Challis
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alper James Alcaraz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexis Valerio Valery Ramirez
- Grupo de investigación Agrícola y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Costa CFFA, Ferreira-Gomes J, Barbosa F, Sampaio-Maia B, Burnet PWJ. Importance of good hosting: reviewing the bi-directionality of the microbiome-gut-brain-axis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1386866. [PMID: 38812976 PMCID: PMC11133738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1386866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microorganisms have been shown to significantly impact on central function and studies that have associated brain disorders with specific bacterial genera have advocated an anomalous gut microbiome as the pathophysiological basis of several psychiatric and neurological conditions. Thus, our knowledge of brain-to-gut-to microbiome communication in this bidirectional axis seems to have been overlooked. This review examines the known mechanisms of the microbiome-to-gut-to-brain axis, highlighting how brain-to-gut-to-microbiome signaling may be key to understanding the cause of disrupted gut microbial communities. We show that brain disorders can alter the function of the brain-to-gut-to-microbiome axis, which will in turn contribute to disease progression, while the microbiome-to gut-to brain direction presents as a more versatile therapeutic axis, since current psychotropic/neurosurgical interventions may have unwanted side effects that further cause disruption to the gut microbiome. A consideration of the brain-to-gut-to-microbiome axis is imperative to better understand how the microbiome-gut-brain axis overall is involved in brain illnesses, and how it may be utilized as a preventive and therapeutic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F. F. A. Costa
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies, INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira-Gomes
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies, INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rog J, Wingralek Z, Nowak K, Grudzień M, Grunwald A, Banaszek A, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. The Potential Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Serious Mental Illness: Current Evidence, Safety, and Practical Advice. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2819. [PMID: 38792361 PMCID: PMC11122005 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that mimics the physiological state of fasting. The potential therapeutic effects in many chronic conditions have led to the gaining popularity of the KD. The KD has been demonstrated to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, modulate the gut microbiota community, and improve metabolic health markers. The modification of these factors has been a potential therapeutic target in serious mental illness (SMI): bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. The number of clinical trials assessing the effect of the KD on SMI is still limited. Preliminary research, predominantly case studies, suggests potential therapeutic effects, including weight gain reduction, improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, decrease in disease-related symptoms, increased energy and quality of life, and, in some cases, changes in pharmacotherapy (reduction in number or dosage of medication). However, these findings necessitate further investigation through larger-scale clinical trials. Initiation of the KD should occur in a hospital setting and with strict care of a physician and dietitian due to potential side effects of the diet and the possibility of exacerbating adverse effects of pharmacotherapy. An increasing number of ongoing studies examining the KD's effect on mental disorders highlights its potential role in the adjunctive treatment of SMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rog
- Laboratory of Human Metabolism Research, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 66 Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Wingralek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Katarzyna Nowak
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Monika Grudzień
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Arkadiusz Grunwald
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Agnieszka Banaszek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mosquera FEC, Guevara-Montoya MC, Serna-Ramirez V, Liscano Y. Neuroinflammation and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies through Psychobiotics, Nanotechnology, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). J Pers Med 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38673018 PMCID: PMC11051547 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, underscores the urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent insights into the role of neuroinflammation, the gut-brain axis, and the microbiota in schizophrenia pathogenesis have paved the way for the exploration of psychobiotics as a novel treatment avenue. These interventions, targeting the gut microbiome, offer a promising approach to ameliorating psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence and nanotechnology are set to revolutionize psychobiotic development and application, promising to enhance their production, precision, and effectiveness. This interdisciplinary approach heralds a new era in schizophrenia management, potentially transforming patient outcomes and offering a beacon of hope for those afflicted by this complex disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yamil Liscano
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Integral (GISI), Departamento Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia; (F.E.C.M.); (M.C.G.-M.); (V.S.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan X, Tan Y, Bajinka O, Jammeh ML, Dukureh A, Obiegbusi CN, Abdelhalim KA, Mohanad M. The connection between epigenetics and gut microbiota-current perspective. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3941. [PMID: 38379252 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Both the epigenetic changes and gut microbiota (GM) have attracted a growing interest in establishing effective diagnostics and potential therapeutic strategies for a number of diseases. These disorders include metabolic, central nervous system-related diseases, autoimmune, and gastrointestinal infections (GI). Despite the number of studies, there is no extensive review that connects the epigenetics modifications and GM as biomarkers that could confer effective diagnostics and confer treatment options. To this end, this review hopes to give detailed information on connecting the modifications in epigenetic and GM. An updated and detailed information on the connection between the epigenetics factors and GM that influence diseases are given. In addition, the review showed some associations between the epigenetics to the maternal GM and offspring health. Finally, the limitations of the concept and prospects into this new emerging discipline were also looked into. Although this review elucidated on the maternal diet and response to offspring health with respect to GM and epigenetic modifications, there still exist various limitations to this newly emerging discipline. In addition to integrating complementary multi-omics data, longitudinal sampling will aid with the identification of functional mechanisms that may serve as therapeutic targets. To this end, this review gave a detailed perspective into harnessing disease diagnostics, prevention and treatment options through epigenetics and GM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Modou L Jammeh
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Abubakarr Dukureh
- Department of Medical Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chidera N Obiegbusi
- Department of Medical Science, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Khalid A Abdelhalim
- Industrial Research and Development, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Mahmoud Mohanad
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. An updated overview on the relationship between human gut microbiome dysbiosis and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 128:110861. [PMID: 37690584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a lot of evidence establishing that nervous system development is related to the composition and functions of the gut microbiome. In addition, the central nervous system (CNS) controls the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota, constituting a bidirectional communication system. At present, various gut-brain crosstalk routes have been described, including immune, endocrine and neural circuits via the vagal pathway. Several empirical data have associated gut microbiota alterations (dysbiosis) with neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, autism and Parkinson's disease, and with other psychological disorders, like anxiety and depression. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) therapy has shown that the gut microbiota can transfer behavioral features to recipient animals, which provides strong evidence to establish a causal-effect relationship. Interventions, based on prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, have demonstrated an important influence of microbiota on neurological disorders by the synthesis of neuroactive compounds that interact with the nervous system and by the regulation of inflammatory and endocrine processes. Further research is needed to demonstrate the influence of gut microbiota dysbiosis on psychiatric and psychological disorders, and how microbiota-based interventions may be used as potential therapeutic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Facultad de Psicología, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Franklin F, Rajamanikam A, Phang WK, Raju CS, Gill JS, Francis B, Sy-Cherng Woon L, Govind SK. Establishing associated risk factors, including fungal and parasitic infections among Malaysians living with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:385. [PMID: 38172146 PMCID: PMC10764362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial, and the identification of its risk factors are scarce and highly variable. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with schizophrenia among Malaysian sub-population. A total of 120 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ) and 180 non-schizophrenic (NS) individuals participated in a questionnaire-based survey. Data of complete questionnaire responses obtained from 91 SZ and 120 NS participants were used in statistical analyses. Stool samples were obtained from the participants and screened for gut parasites and fungi using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The median age were 46 years (interquartile range (IQR) 37 to 60 years) and 35 years (IQR 24 to 47.75 years) for SZ and NS respectively. Multivariable binary logistic regression showed that the factors associated with increased risk of SZ were age, sex, unemployment, presence of other chronic ailment, smoking, and high dairy consumption per week. These factors, except sex, were positively associated with the severity of SZ. Breastfed at infancy as well as vitamin and supplement consumption showed a protective effect against SZ. After data clean-up, fungal or parasitic infections were found in 98% (39/42). of SZ participants and 6.1% (3/49) of NS participants. Our findings identified non-modifiable risk factors (age and sex) and modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors (unemployment, presence of other chronic ailment, smoking, and high dairy consumption per week) associated with SZ and implicate the need for medical attention in preventing fungal and parasitic infections in SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Franklin
- Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Wei Kit Phang
- Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jesjeet Singh Gill
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benedict Francis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luke Sy-Cherng Woon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ağagündüz D, Çelik E, Cemali Ö, Bingöl FG, Özenir Ç, Özoğul F, Capasso R. Probiotics, Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), and Gut-Brain Axis Related Psychological Conditions: Implications for Research and Dietetics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1014-1031. [PMID: 37222849 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that probiotics have key roles in the crosstalk between the gut and brain in terms of nutrition and health. However, when investigating their role in nutrition and health, it can be important to discriminate probiotics used as foods, food supplements, or drugs. For clarification of this terminology, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a new "live biotherapeutic products" (LBP) category, expressing pharmaceutical expectations and to reduce confusion in the literature. Growing evidence advises that the community of microorganisms found in the gut microbiota is associated with psychological conditions. Hence, it is thought that LBPs may positively affect depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia by reducing inflammation, improving gut microbiota, and balancing gut neurometabolites. This review focuses on the specific position of probiotics as LBPs in psychological conditions. Condition-specific potential pathways and mechanisms of LBPs and the prominent strains are discussed in the light of novel studies for future research, dietetic and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey.
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
| | - Özge Cemali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
| | - Feray Gençer Bingöl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Yerleşkesi, Burdur, 15030, Turkey
| | - Çiler Özenir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University, Merkez, Kırıkkale, 71100, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özoğul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana, 01330, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Drljača J, Milošević N, Milanović M, Abenavoli L, Milić N. When the microbiome helps the brain-current evidence. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29 Suppl 1:43-58. [PMID: 36601680 PMCID: PMC10314113 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota-brain axis has been recognized as a network of connections that provides communication between the gut microflora and both central and autonomic nervous system. The gut microbiota alteration has been targeted for therapy in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disbalances. Psychobiotics are probiotics that contribute beneficially to the brain function and the host mental health as a result of an interaction with the commensal gut bacteria, although their mechanism of action has not been completely revealed. In this state-of-art review, the findings about the potential therapeutic effects of the psychobiotics alone or in combination with conventional medicine in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as in some psychiatric diseases like depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, have been summarized. The evidence of the psychobiotics therapeutic outcomes obtained in preclinical and clinical trials have been given respectively for the observed neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Drljača
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of PharmacyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Nataša Milošević
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of PharmacyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Maja Milanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of PharmacyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity Magna Graecia Campus “Salvatore Venuta”CatanzaroItaly
| | - Nataša Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of PharmacyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ben-Azu B, del Re EC, VanderZwaag J, Carrier M, Keshavan M, Khakpour M, Tremblay MÈ. Emerging epigenetic dynamics in gut-microglia brain axis: experimental and clinical implications for accelerated brain aging in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1139357. [PMID: 37256150 PMCID: PMC10225712 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1139357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging, which involves a progressive loss of neuronal functions, has been reported to be premature in probands affected by schizophrenia (SCZ). Evidence shows that SCZ and accelerated aging are linked to changes in epigenetic clocks. Recent cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging analyses have uncovered reduced brain reserves and connectivity in patients with SCZ compared to typically aging individuals. These data may indicate early abnormalities of neuronal function following cyto-architectural alterations in SCZ. The current mechanistic knowledge on brain aging, epigenetic changes, and their neuropsychiatric disease association remains incomplete. With this review, we explore and summarize evidence that the dynamics of gut-resident bacteria can modulate molecular brain function and contribute to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. It is known that environmental factors such as mode of birth, dietary habits, stress, pollution, and infections can modulate the microbiota system to regulate intrinsic neuronal activity and brain reserves through the vagus nerve and enteric nervous system. Microbiota-derived molecules can trigger continuous activation of the microglial sensome, groups of receptors and proteins that permit microglia to remodel the brain neurochemistry based on complex environmental activities. This remodeling causes aberrant brain plasticity as early as fetal developmental stages, and after the onset of first-episode psychosis. In the central nervous system, microglia, the resident immune surveillance cells, are involved in neurogenesis, phagocytosis of synapses and neurological dysfunction. Here, we review recent emerging experimental and clinical evidence regarding the gut-brain microglia axis involvement in SCZ pathology and etiology, the hypothesis of brain reserve and accelerated aging induced by dietary habits, stress, pollution, infections, and other factors. We also include in our review the possibilities and consequences of gut dysbiosis activities on microglial function and dysfunction, together with the effects of antipsychotics on the gut microbiome: therapeutic and adverse effects, role of fecal microbiota transplant and psychobiotics on microglial sensomes, brain reserves and SCZ-derived accelerated aging. We end the review with suggestions that may be applicable to the clinical setting. For example, we propose that psychobiotics might contribute to antipsychotic-induced therapeutic benefits or adverse effects, as well as reduce the aging process through the gut-brain microglia axis. Overall, we hope that this review will help increase the understanding of SCZ pathogenesis as related to chronobiology and the gut microbiome, as well as reveal new concepts that will serve as novel treatment targets for SCZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Elisabetta C. del Re
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared VanderZwaag
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sasso JM, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA. Gut Microbiome-Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1717-1763. [PMID: 37156006 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, of which gut microbiota and its metabolic production are a major component, and form the so-called gut microbiome-brain axis. Disturbances of microbiota homeostasis caused by imbalance in their functional composition and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation of these pathways and trigger changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological and functional gastrointestinal disorders. In turn, the brain can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system by regulating gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability. Here, we examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research. We review the advances in knowledge related to the human gut microbiome, its complexity and functionality, its communication with the central nervous system, and the effect of the gut microbiome-brain axis on mental and gut health. We discuss correlations between gut microbiota composition and various diseases, specifically gastrointestinal and mental disorders. We also explore gut microbiota metabolites with regard to their impact on the brain and gut function and associated diseases. Finally, we assess clinical applications of gut-microbiota-related substances and metabolites with their development pipelines. We hope this review can serve as a useful resource in understanding the current knowledge on this emerging field in an effort to further solving of the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Steven Lemmel
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Malte Grieswelle
- Bayer Consumer Health, R&D Digestive Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sabit H, Kassab A, Alaa D, Mohamed S, Abdel-Ghany S, Mansy M, Said OA, Khalifa MA, Hafiz H, Abushady AM. The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4080-4099. [PMID: 37232729 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases may entail disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic pathways. Variations in how these effects present themselves may be connected to individual variances in clinical symptoms and treatment responses, such as the observation that a significant fraction of participants do not respond to current antipsychotic drugs. A bidirectional signaling pathway between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The large and small intestines contain more than 100 trillion microbial cells, contributing to the intestinal ecosystem's incredible complexity. Interactions between the microbiota and intestinal epithelium can alter brain physiology and affect mood and behavior. There has recently been a focus on how these relationships impact mental health. According to evidence, intestinal microbiota may play a role in neurological and mental illnesses. Intestinal metabolites of microbial origin, such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and bacterial components that might stimulate the host's immune system, are mentioned in this review. We aim to shed some on the growing role of gut microbiota in inducing/manipulating several psychiatric disorders, which may pave the way for novel microbiota-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sabit
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Areej Kassab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Donia Alaa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaza Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansy
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Said
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Mona A Khalifa
- Faculty of Art and Science, Samtah, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halah Hafiz
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Factually of Applied Medical Science, Umm Alqura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Abushady
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza 41516, Egypt
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tejkalová H, Jakob L, Kvasnová S, Klaschka J, Sechovcová H, Mrázek J, Páleníček T, Fliegerová KO. The influence of antibiotic treatment on the behavior and gut microbiome of adult rats neonatally insulted with lipopolysaccharide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15417. [PMID: 37123951 PMCID: PMC10130227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether neonatal exposure to the proinflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by an antibiotic (ATB)-induced dysbiosis in early adulthood could induce neurodevelopmental disorders-like behavioral changes in adult male rats. Combining these two stressors resulted in decreased weight gain, but no significant behavioral abnormalities were observed. LPS treatment resulted in adult rats' hypoactivity and induced anxiety-like behavior in the social recognition paradigm, but these behavioral changes were not exacerbated by ATB-induced gut dysbiosis. ATB treatment seriously disrupted the gut bacterial community, but dysbiosis did not affect locomotor activity, social recognition, and acoustic reactivity in adult rats. Fecal bacterial community analyses showed no differences between the LPS challenge exposed/unexposed rats, while the effect of ATB administration was decisive regardless of prior LPS exposure. ATB treatment resulted in significantly decreased bacterial diversity, suppression of Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, and increases in Lactobacillales, Enterobacteriales, and Burkholderiales. The persistent effect of LPS on some aspects of behavior suggests a long-term effect of early toxin exposure that was not observed in ATB-treated animals. However, an anti-inflammatory protective effect of ATB cannot be assumed because of the increased abundance of pro-inflammatory, potentially pathogenic bacteria (Proteus, Suttrella) and the elimination of the bacterial families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, which are generally considered beneficial for gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Tejkalová
- National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lea Jakob
- National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic,
| | - Simona Kvasnová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klaschka
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sechovcová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
- Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yao B, Cai Y, Wang W, Deng J, Zhao L, Han Z, Wan L. The Effect of Gut Microbiota on the Progression of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Orthop Surg 2023; 15:858-867. [PMID: 36600636 PMCID: PMC9977585 DOI: 10.1111/os.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of back pain, and its treatment is a serious socio-economic burden. The safety and treatment of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been established. However, the relationship between FMT and IDD still unclear. We aimed to explore whether FMT plays a role in IDD to provide a reference for the treatment of IDD. METHODS An experimental model of IDD was established using 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. FMT was performed by intragastric gavage of IDD rats with a fecal bacterial solution. Rat serum, feces, and vertebral disc tissue were collected after surgery for 2 months. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, Collagen II, and aggrecan in the serum or vertebral disc tissue were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, or western blotting. We also examined the pathology of the vertebral disc tissue using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and safranin O-fast green staining. Finally, we examined the gut microbiota in rat feces using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS We found that the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-13, NLRP3 and Caspase-1 increased in the IDD group rats. In contrast, Collagen II and aggrecan levels were downregulated. Additionally, vertebral disc tissue was severely damaged in the IDD group, with disordered cell arrangement and uneven safranin coloration. FMT reversed the effects of IDD modeling on these factors and alleviated cartilage tissue damage. In addition, FMT increased the gut microbiota diversity and microbial abundance in rats treated with IDD. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that FMT has a positive effect in maintaining cellular stability in the vertebral disc and alleviating histopathological damage. It affects the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in rats with IDD. Therefore, FMT may serve as a promising target for amelioration of IDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yao
- Department of Spine SurgeryWant want hospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Youquan Cai
- Department of Spine SurgeryWant want hospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jia Deng
- Department of Spine SurgeryWant want hospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Spine SurgeryWant want hospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ziwei Han
- Department of Spine SurgeryWant want hospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Spine SurgeryWant want hospitalChangshaHunanChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Repurposing Antidepressants and Phenothiazine Antipsychotics as Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Cancer and Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010137. [PMID: 36671340 PMCID: PMC9855052 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the therapy of infectious diseases and cancer. One of the major mechanisms of MDR is the overexpression of efflux pumps (EPs) that are responsible for extruding antimicrobial and anticancer agents. EPs have additional roles of detoxification that may aid the development of bacterial infection and the progression of cancer. Therefore, targeting EPs may be an attractive strategy to treat bacterial infections and cancer. The development and discovery of a new drug require a long timeline and may come with high development costs. A potential alternative to reduce the time and costs of drug development is to repurpose already existing drugs. Antidepressants and antipsychotic agents are widely used in clinical practice in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and some somatic diseases. Antidepressants and antipsychotics have demonstrated various beneficial activities that may be utilized in the treatment of infections and cancer. This review aims to provide a brief overview of antibacterial and anticancer effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and phenothiazine antipsychotics, while focusing on EPs. However, it should be noted that the antimicrobial activity of a traditionally non-antibiotic drug may have clinical implications regarding dysbiosis and bacterial MDR.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vasiliu O. The current state of research for psychobiotics use in the management of psychiatric disorders-A systematic literature review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1074736. [PMID: 36911130 PMCID: PMC9996157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1074736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to find new therapeutic interventions in patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders is supported by the data suggesting high rates of relapse, chronic evolution, therapeutic resistance, or lack of adherence and disability. The use of pre-, pro-, or synbiotics as add-ons in the therapeutic management of psychiatric disorders has been explored as a new way to augment the efficacy of psychotropics and to improve the chances for these patients to reach response or remission. This systematic literature review focused on the efficacy and tolerability of psychobiotics in the main categories of psychiatric disorders and it has been conducted through the most important electronic databases and clinical trial registers, using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The quality of primary and secondary reports was assessed using the criteria identified by the Academy of Nutrition and Diabetics. Forty-three sources, mostly of moderate and high quality, were reviewed in detail, and data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of psychobiotics was assessed. Studies exploring the effects of psychobiotics in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), neurocognitive disorders, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were included. The overall tolerability of the interventions assessed was good, but the evidence to support their efficacy in specific psychiatric disorders was mixed. There have been identified data in favor of probiotics for patients with mood disorders, ADHD, and ASD, and also for the association of probiotics and selenium or synbiotics in patients with neurocognitive disorders. In several domains, the research is still in an early phase of development, e.g., in substance use disorders (only three preclinical studies being found) or eating disorders (one review was identified). Although no well-defined clinical recommendation could yet be formulated for a specific product in patients with psychiatric disorders, there is encouraging evidence to support further research, especially if focused on the identification of specific sub-populations that may benefit from this intervention. Several limitations regarding the research in this field should be addressed, i.e., the majority of the finalized trials are of short duration, there is an inherent heterogeneity of the psychiatric disorders, and the diversity of the explored Philae prevents the generalizability of the results from clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Vasiliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Esposito P, Ismail N. Linking Puberty and the Gut Microbiome to the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2163. [PMID: 36363755 PMCID: PMC9697368 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period of development marked by the maturation of the central nervous system, immune system, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Due to the maturation of these fundamental systems, this is a period of development that is particularly sensitive to stressors, increasing susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders later in life. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the regulation of stress and immune responses, and gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about puberty, neurodegeneration, and the gut microbiome. We also examine the consequences of pubertal exposure to stress and gut dysbiosis on the development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding how alterations to the gut microbiome, particularly during critical periods of development (i.e., puberty), influence the pathogenesis of these disorders may allow for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grant RK, Brindle WM, Donnelly MC, McConville PM, Stroud TG, Bandieri L, Plevris JN. Gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia: A narrative review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5515-5529. [PMID: 36304087 PMCID: PMC9594005 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i38.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which can have a devastating impact on an individual's quality of life. Comorbidities are high amongst patients and life expectancy is approximately 15 years less than the general population. Despite the well-known increased mortality, little is known about the impact of gastrointestinal and liver disease on patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to review the literature and to make recommendations regarding future care. Literature searches were performed on PubMed to identify studies related to gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia. High rates of chronic liver disease were reported, with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease being of particular concern; antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome were contributing factors. Rates of acute liver failure were low but have been associated with antipsychotic use and paracetamol overdose. Coeliac disease has historically been linked to schizophrenia; however, recent research suggests that a causal link is yet to be proven. Evidence is emerging regarding the relationships between schizophrenia and peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome; clinical vigilance regarding these conditions should be high. Patients with schizophrenia poorly engage with bowel cancer screening programmes, leading to late diagnosis and increased mortality. Clozapine induced constipation is a significant issue for many patients and requires close monitoring. There is a significant burden of gastrointestinal and liver disease amongst patients with schizophrenia. Better levels of support from all members of the medical team are essential to ensure that appropriate, timely care is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Grant
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - William M Brindle
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Mhairi C Donnelly
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline M McConville
- General Adult Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas G Stroud
- General Adult Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Bandieri
- General Adult Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - John N Plevris
- The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu X, Vigorito M, Huang W, Khan MAS, Chang SL. The Impact of Alcohol-Induced Dysbiosis on Diseases and Disorders of the Central Nervous System. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:131-151. [PMID: 34843074 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human digestive tract contains a diverse and abundant microbiota that is important for health. Excessive alcohol use can disrupt the balance of these microbes (known as dysbiosis), leading to elevated blood endotoxin levels and systemic inflammation. Using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) bioinformatics tool, we have confirmed that peripheral endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) mediates various cytokines to enhance the neuroinflammation signaling pathway. The literature has identified alcohol-mediated neuroinflammation as a possible risk factor for the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and psychiatric disorders such as addiction to alcohol and other drugs. In this review, we discuss alcohol-use-induced dysbiosis in the gut and other body parts as a causal factor in the progression of Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative disease and possibly alcohol use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Liu
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Michael Vigorito
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Wenfei Huang
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tsamakis K, Galinaki S, Alevyzakis E, Hortis I, Tsiptsios D, Kollintza E, Kympouropoulos S, Triantafyllou K, Smyrnis N, Rizos E. Gut Microbiome: A Brief Review on Its Role in Schizophrenia and First Episode of Psychosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061121. [PMID: 35744639 PMCID: PMC9227193 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the role of gut microbiota as a biological basis of psychiatric disorders. The existing literature suggest that cognitive and emotional activities can be influenced by microbes through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and implies an association between alterations in the gut microbiome and several psychiatric conditions, such as autism, depression, bipolar disorder and psychosis. The aim of this review is to summarise recent findings and provide concise updates on the latest progress of the role of gut microbiota in the development and maintenance of psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia and the first episode of psychosis. Despite the lack of consistent findings in regard to specific microbiome changes related to psychosis, the emerging literature reports significant differences in the gut microbiome of schizophrenic subjects compared to healthy controls and increasingly outlines the significance of an altered microbiome composition in the pathogenesis, development, symptom severity and prognosis of psychosis. Further human studies are, however, required, which should focus on identifying the drivers of microbiota changes in psychosis and establish the direction of causality between psychosis and microbiome alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsamakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Galinaki
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Evangelos Alevyzakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Ioannis Hortis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Neurology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Kollintza
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Stylianos Kympouropoulos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ahmad W, Khaliq S, Akhtar N, El Arab J, Akhtar K, Prakash S, Anwar MA, Munawar N. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of a Novel Apilactobacillus Species from Giant Honeybee (Apis dorsata) Gut Reveals Occurrence of Genetic Elements Coding Prebiotic and Probiotic Traits. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050904. [PMID: 35630349 PMCID: PMC9147854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apilactobacillus spp. are classified as obligate fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) that inhabit fructose-rich niches such as honeybee gut. Lactic acid bacteria are an important component of the gut microbiome and play a crucial role in maintaining gut health. In this study, a new FLAB strain HBW1, capable of producing glucan-type exopolysaccharide, was isolated from giant honeybee (Apis dorsata) gut and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WHS) to determine its health-beneficial traits. The genome size of the isolate was 1.49 Mb with a GC content of 37.2%. For species level identity, 16S rDNA sequence similarity, genome to genome distance calculator (dDDH), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were calculated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate HBW1 belongs to the Apilactobacillus genus. The dDDH and ANI values in comparison with closely clustered Apilactobacillus kunkeei species were 52% and 93.10%, respectively. Based on these values, we concluded that HBW1 is a novel species of Apilactobacillus, and we propose the name Apilactobacillus waqarii HBW1 for it. Further, WHS data mining of HBW1 revealed that it harbors two glucosyltransferase genes for prebiotic glucan-type exopolysaccharide synthesis. Moreover, chaperon (clp) and methionine sulfoxide reductase (msrA, msrB, and msrC) genes as well as nutritional marker genes for folic acid (folD) and riboflavin biosynthesis (rib operon), important for conferring probiotic properties, were also detected. Occurrence of these genetic traits make HBW1 an excellent candidate for application to improve gut function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Shazia Khaliq
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Nasrin Akhtar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Jamilah El Arab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Munir A. Anwar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ahmad W, Khaliq S, Akhtar N, El Arab J, Akhtar K, Prakash S, Anwar MA, Munawar N. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of a Novel Apilactobacillus Species from Giant Honeybee (Apis dorsata) Gut Reveals Occurrence of Genetic Elements Coding Prebiotic and Probiotic Traits. Microorganisms 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Apilactobacillus spp. are classified as obligate fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) that inhabit fructose-rich niches such as honeybee gut. Lactic acid bacteria are an important component of the gut microbiome and play a crucial role in maintaining gut health. In this study, a new FLAB strain HBW1, capable of producing glucan-type exopolysaccharide, was isolated from giant honeybee (Apis dorsata) gut and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WHS) to determine its health-beneficial traits. The genome size of the isolate was 1.49 Mb with a GC content of 37.2%. For species level identity, 16S rDNA sequence similarity, genome to genome distance calculator (dDDH), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were calculated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate HBW1 belongs to the Apilactobacillus genus. The dDDH and ANI values in comparison with closely clustered Apilactobacillus kunkeei species were 52% and 93.10%, respectively. Based on these values, we concluded that HBW1 is a novel species of Apilactobacillus, and we propose the name Apilactobacillus waqarii HBW1 for it. Further, WHS data mining of HBW1 revealed that it harbors two glucosyltransferase genes for prebiotic glucan-type exopolysaccharide synthesis. Moreover, chaperon (clp) and methionine sulfoxide reductase (msrA, msrB, and msrC) genes as well as nutritional marker genes for folic acid (folD) and riboflavin biosynthesis (rib operon), important for conferring probiotic properties, were also detected. Occurrence of these genetic traits make HBW1 an excellent candidate for application to improve gut function.
Collapse
|
28
|
Dash S, Syed YA, Khan MR. Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Development and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:880544. [PMID: 35493075 PMCID: PMC9048050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.880544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the nervous system. During fetal development, the initial colonization of the microbiome coincides with the development of the nervous system in a timely, coordinated manner. Emerging studies suggest an active involvement of the microbiome and its metabolic by-products in regulating early brain development. However, any disruption during this early developmental process can negatively impact brain functionality, leading to a range of neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). In this review, we summarize recent evidence as to how the gut microbiome can influence the process of early human brain development and its association with major neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Further, we discuss how gut microbiome alterations can also play a role in inducing drug resistance in the affected individuals. We propose a model that establishes a direct link of microbiome dysbiosis with the exacerbated inflammatory state, leading to functional brain deficits associated with NPD. Based on the existing research, we discuss a framework whereby early diet intervention can boost mental wellness in the affected subjects and call for further research for a better understanding of mechanisms that govern the gut-brain axis may lead to novel approaches to the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somarani Dash
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
- *Correspondence: Mojibur R. Khan,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li W, Lai K, Chopra N, Zheng Z, Das A, Diwan AD. Gut-disc axis: A cause of intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain? EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:917-925. [PMID: 35286474 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low back pain (LBP), a widely prevalent and costly disease around the world, is mainly caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). Although numerous factors may trigger this degenerative process, microbiome dysbiosis has recently been implicated as one of the likely causes. However, the exact relationship between the microbiome and IDD is not well understood. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms and discusses microbiome dysbiosis's possible influence on IDD and LBP. METHODS Prospective literature review. RESULTS Alterations in microbiome composition and host responses to the microbiota causing pathological bone development and involution, led to the concept of gut-bone marrow axis and gut-bone axis. Moreover, the concept of the gut-disc axis was also proposed to explain the microbiome's role in IDD and LBP. According to the existing evidence, the microbiome could be an important factor for inducing and aggravating IDD through changing or regulating the outside and inside microenvironment of the IVD. Three potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can induce IVD and cause LBP are: (1) translocation of the bacteria across the gut epithelial barrier and into the IVD, (2) regulation of the mucosal and systemic immune system, and (3) regulation of nutrient absorption and metabolites formation at the gut epithelium and its diffusion into the IVD. Furthermore, to investigate whether IVD is initiated by pathogenic bacteria and establish the correlation between the presence of certain microbial groups with the disease in question, microbiome diversity analysis based on16S rRNA data can be used to characterise stool/blood microbiota from IVD patients. CONCLUSION Future studies on microbiome, fungi and viruses in IDD is necessary to revolutionize our thinking about their possible role in the development of IVD diseases. Furthermore, we believe that inflammation inhibition and interruption of amplification of cascade reaction in IVD by targeting the gut and IVD microbiome is worthwhile for the treatment of IDD and LBP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with the consistently applied reference standard and blinding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Li
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Kaitao Lai
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Neha Chopra
- Spine Service, St. George Private Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abhirup Das
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
- Spine Service, St. George Private Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
| | - Ashish D Diwan
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
- Spine Service, St. George Private Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martin S, Foulon A, El Hage W, Dufour-Rainfray D, Denis F. Is There a Link between Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Schizophrenia? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020846. [PMID: 35055031 PMCID: PMC8775665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the impact of the oropharyngeal microbiome in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to clarify whether there might be a bidirectional link between the oral microbiota and the brain in a context of dysbiosis-related neuroinflammation. We selected nine articles including three systemic reviews with several articles from the same research team. Different themes emerged, which we grouped into 5 distinct parts concerning the oropharyngeal phageome, the oropharyngeal microbiome, the salivary microbiome and periodontal disease potentially associated with schizophrenia, and the impact of drugs on the microbiome and schizophrenia. We pointed out the presence of phageoma in patients suffering from schizophrenia and that periodontal disease reinforces the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, saliva could be an interesting substrate to characterize the different stages of schizophrenia. However, the few studies we have on the subject are limited in scope, and some of them are the work of a single team. At this stage of knowledge, it is difficult to conclude on the existence of a bidirectional link between the brain and the oral microbiome. Future studies on the subject will clarify these questions that for the moment remain unresolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Audrey Foulon
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Wissam El Hage
- U1253, iBrain, Inserm, CHU Tours, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (W.E.H.); (D.D.-R.)
| | - Diane Dufour-Rainfray
- U1253, iBrain, Inserm, CHU Tours, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (W.E.H.); (D.D.-R.)
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Denis
- Department of Odontology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 44000 Nantes, France
- EA 75-05 Education, Ethics, Health, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-77-15-69-68
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu G, Du X, Li Z, Du Y, Lv J, Li X, Xu Y, Liu S. The emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:995956. [PMID: 36226104 PMCID: PMC9548578 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.995956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder which is contributed by both genetic and environmental factors. However, at present, its specific pathogenesis is still not very clear, and there is a lack of objective and reliable biomarkers. Accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, including SZ, and hold promise as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of SZ and their potential value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinzhe Du
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zexuan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanhong Du
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinzhi Lv
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu Y, Shao M, Fang X, Tang W, Zhou C, Hu X, Zhang X, Su KP. Antipsychotic-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility and the alteration in gut microbiota in patients with schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:119-129. [PMID: 34563620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Gut microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of gut hypomotility and are critical for the production of the intestinal immune system and the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis. Patients with psychotic disorders are at a high risk of antipsychotic-induced constipation. However, the mechanisms might be more than neurotransmission properties of antipsychotics. METHODS We recruited a total of 45 patients with constipation according to Rome IV criteria and objective test for colonic motility and the other 45 gender- and age-matching patients without constipation and investigated their differences in composition of gut microbiota. The demographic and serum metabolic indices were collected. The subjective constipation assessment scale (CAS) and the Bristol stool classification (BSS) were also used to evaluate the degree of constipation in both groups. The fecal samples were analysed using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The constipation group had a significantly increased alpha diversity in Observed species, Chao 1, and ACE as compared to the non-constipation group. At the phylum levels, the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria decreased significantly, while those of Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, and Synergistetes increased significantly in the constipation group. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Christensenella and Desulfovibrio were higher in the constipation group. The α-diversity indices of gut microbiota were correlated positively with the levels of serum total bile acid and correlated negatively with BSS scores. The BSS scores were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes. PICRUSt analysis revealed the potential metabolic pathways of lipopolysaccharide, vitamin B6, riboflavin, pyruvate, and propionate functions. CONCLUSIONS The alternation of the gut microbiota in schizophrenia patients with antipsychotic-induced constipation indicates antipsychotic agents might affect gastrointestinal motility via varying microbiome-related metabolites, and the specific bacteria, such as Synergistetes which might act as an anti-inflammatory factor in the healthy human gut, related to colonic transit motility seem inconsistent to the findings from previous literature in gastroenterology. However, the causal effects are still unknown. Our study provides a new possibility to understand the mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangning District Second People' s Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangning District Second People' s Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Laue HE, Coker MO, Madan JC. The Developing Microbiome From Birth to 3 Years: The Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:815885. [PMID: 35321011 PMCID: PMC8936143 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.815885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The volume and breadth of research on the role of the microbiome in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders has expanded greatly over the last decade, opening doors to new models of mechanisms of the gut-brain axis and therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of these outcomes. Studies have highlighted the window of birth to 3 years as an especially sensitive window when interventions may be the most effective. Harnessing the powerful gut-brain axis during this critical developmental window clarifies important investigations into the microbe-human connection and the developing brain, affording opportunities to prevent rather than treat neurodevelopmental disorders and neuropsychiatric illness. In this review, we present an overview of the developing intestinal microbiome in the critical window of birth to age 3; and its prospective relationship with neurodevelopment, with particular emphasis on immunological mechanisms. Next, the role of the microbiome in neurobehavioral outcomes (such as autism, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) as well as cognitive development are described. In these sections, we highlight the importance of pairing mechanistic studies in murine models with large scale epidemiological studies that aim to clarify the typical health promoting microbiome in early life across varied populations in comparison to dysbiosis. The microbiome is an important focus in human studies because it is so readily alterable with simple interventions, and we briefly outline what is known about microbiome targeted interventions in neurodevelopmental outcomes. More novel examinations of known environmental chemicals that adversely impact neurodevelopmental outcomes and the potential role of the microbiome as a mediator or modifier are discussed. Finally, we look to the future and emphasize the need for additional research to identify populations that are sensitive to alterations in their gut microbiome and clarify how interventions might correct and optimize neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Modupe O Coker
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Juliette C Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang L, Zhang Z, Xu L, Zhang X. Maintaining the Balance of Intestinal Flora through the Diet: Effective Prevention of Illness. Foods 2021; 10:2312. [PMID: 34681359 PMCID: PMC8534928 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is home to a complex community of dynamic equilibrium microbiota, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. It is known that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, intestinal peristalsis, intestinal barrier homeostasis, nutrient uptake, and fat distribution. The complex relationship between the host and microbiome suggests that when this relationship is out of balance, the microbiome may contribute to disease development. The brain-gut-microbial axis is composed of many signal molecules, gastrointestinal mucosal cells, the vagus nerve, and blood-brain barrier, which plays an essential role in developing many diseases. The microbiome can influence the central nervous system function through the brain-gut axis; the central nervous system can also affect the composition and partial functions of the gut microbiome in the same way. Different dietary patterns, specific dietary components, and functional dietary factors can significantly affect intestinal flora's structure, composition, and function, thereby affecting human health. Based on the above, this paper reviewed the relationship between diet, intestinal flora, and human health, and the strategies to prevent mental illness through the dietary modification of intestinal microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenying Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| |
Collapse
|