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Yang H, Ou F, Chang Q, Jiang J, Liu Y, Ji C, Chen L, Xia Y, Zhao Y. Physical frailty, genetic predisposition, and the risks of severe non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis: a cohort study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 38887910 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty, defined as a phenotype of decreased physiological reserves and diminished ability to respond to stressors, has been linked to the development of chronic diseases. Epidemiological evidence connecting frailty to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis risks remain sparse. We aimed to assess the longitudinal associations of frailty with the risks of severe NAFLD and cirrhosis in middle-aged to older adults and further explore the modification role of genetic risk on these associations. METHODS This study included a total of 398 386 participants from the UK Biobank. Incident cases of severe NAFLD and cirrhosis were ascertained through linked hospital records and death registries. Frailty status was assessed by a modified version of the frailty phenotype, encompassing five key components: weight loss, tiredness, physical activity, gait speed, and grip strength. Participants were classified as pre-frailty if they met one or two of these criteria, and as frailty if they met three or more. Genetic predisposition to NAFLD and cirrhosis was estimated by genetic risk score (GRS) and further categorized into high, intermediate, and low genetic risk levels according to tertiles of GRSs. Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for their associations. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) age of the study population was 56.6 (8.03) years. 214 408 (53.8%) of the participants was female; 14 924 (3.75%) of participants met the criteria for frailty, 170 498 (42.8%) for pre-frailty, and 212 964 (53.5%) for non-frailty. Over a median follow-up of 12.0 years, we documented 4439 incident severe NAFLD and 3323 incident cirrhosis cases, respectively. Compared with non-frailty, both pre-frailty (HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.40-1.60) and frailty (HR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.77-2.21) were associated with increased risk of NAFLD. Similar associations were observed for cirrhosis, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for non-frailty, pre-frailty, and frailty were 1.00 (reference), 1.29 (1.20, 1.38), and 1.90 (1.66, 2.18). Such associations were consistent across all genetic risk levels, with no observed interactions between frailty and GRSs (all P for interactions ≥0.10). Compared with participants with frailty and a low level of genetic risk, the greatest risk increasement in developing severe NAFLD (HR: 3.36; 95% CI: 2.83-3.99) and cirrhosis (HR: 2.81; 95% CI: 2.29-3.44) was both observed in those with frailty and a high level of genetic risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that frailty is a significant predictor of severe NAFLD and cirrhosis, irrespective of genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Yang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengrong Ou
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinguo Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yashu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
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Yasin A, Nguyen M, Sidhu A, Majety P, Spitz J, Asgharpour A, Siddiqui MS, Sperling LS, Quyyumi AA, Mehta A. Liver and cardiovascular disease outcomes in metabolic syndrome and diabetic populations: Bi-directional opportunities to multiply preventive strategies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 211:111650. [PMID: 38604447 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are rising globally. MetS and T2DM are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, which is partly related to liver and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is central to MetS and T2DM pathophysiology, and drives ectopic fat deposition in the liver, also known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MetS and T2DM are not only risk factors for developing MASLD but are also independently associated with disease progression to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition to the risk of liver disease, MetS and T2DM are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). Importantly, there is a bidirectional relationship between liver and CVD due to shared disease pathophysiology in patients with MetS and T2DM. In this review, we have described studies exploring the relationship of MetS and T2DM with MASLD and CVD, independently. Following this we discuss studies evaluating the interplay between liver and cardiovascular risk as well as pragmatic risk mitigation strategies in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angad Sidhu
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | | | - Jared Spitz
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Fairfax, VA, US
| | | | | | | | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US.
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Zhang P, Cao J, Liang X, Su Z, Zhang B, Wang Z, Xie J, Chen G, Chen X, Zhang J, Feng Y, Xu Q, Song J, Hong A, Chen X, Zhang Y. Lian-Mei-Yin formula alleviates diet-induced hepatic steatosis by suppressing Yap1/FOXM1 pathway-dependent lipid synthesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:621-633. [PMID: 38516704 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, with a global prevalence of 25%. Patients with NAFLD are more likely to suffer from advanced liver disease, cardiovascular disease, or type II diabetes. However, unfortunately, there is still a shortage of FDA-approved therapeutic agents for NAFLD. Lian-Mei-Yin (LMY) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for decades to treat liver disorders. It has recently been applied to type II diabetes which is closely related to insulin resistance. Given that NAFLD is another disease involved in insulin resistance, we hypothesize that LMY might be a promising formula for NAFLD therapy. Herein, we verify that the LMY formula effectively reduces hepatic steatosis in diet-induced zebrafish and NAFLD model mice in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, LMY suppresses Yap1-mediated Foxm1 activation, which is crucial for the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Consequently, lipogenesis is ameliorated by LMY administration. In summary, the LMY formula alleviates diet-induced NAFLD in zebrafish and mice by inhibiting Yap1/Foxm1 signaling-mediated NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jieqiong Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xujing Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zijian Su
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junye Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gengrui Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinting Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanxian Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianping Song
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - An Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Mouskeftara T, Deda O, Papadopoulos G, Chatzigeorgiou A, Gika H. Lipidomic Analysis of Liver and Adipose Tissue in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice Model Reveals Alterations in Lipid Metabolism by Weight Loss and Aerobic Exercise. Molecules 2024; 29:1494. [PMID: 38611773 PMCID: PMC11013466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Detailed investigation of the lipidome remodeling upon normal weight conditions, obesity, or weight loss, as well as the influence of physical activity, can help to understand the mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia in metabolic conditions correlated to the emergence and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). C57BL/6 male mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Subgroups within the high-fat diet (HFD) group underwent different interventions: some engaged in exercise (HFDex), others were subjected to weight loss (WL) by changing from the HFD to ND, and some underwent a combination of weight loss and exercise (WLex) during the final 8 weeks of the 20-week feeding period. To support our understanding, not only tissue-specific lipid remodeling mechanisms but also the cross-talk between different tissues and their impact on the systemic regulation of lipid metabolism are essential. Exercise and weight loss-induced specific adaptations in the liver and visceral adipose tissue lipidomes of mice were explored by the UPLC-TOF-MS/MS untargeted lipidomics methodology. Lipidomic signatures of ND and HFD-fed mice undergoing weight loss were compared with animals with and without physical exercise. Several lipid classes were identified as contributing factors in the discrimination of the groups by multivariate analysis models, such as glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and fatty acids, with respect to liver samples, whereas triglycerides were the only lipid class identified in visceral adipose tissue. Lipids found to be dysregulated in HFD animals are related to well-established pathways involved in the biosynthesis of PC, PE, and TG metabolism. These show a reversing trend back to basic levels of ND when animals change to a normal diet after 12 weeks, whereas the impact of exercise, though in some cases it slightly enhances the reversing trend, is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomai Mouskeftara
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (O.D.)
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Deda
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (O.D.)
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (O.D.)
- Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Saadatpour F, Nikzad MH, Salimi F, Mohammadipanah F. Mining the soil myxobacteria and finding sources of anti-diabetic metabolites. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:109-119. [PMID: 37477787 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites produced by myxobacterial genera are often characterized as diverse molecules with unique structural properties which drove us to search for myxobacterial source of anti-diabetic drug discovery. In the present study, from 80 soil samples, out of sixty-five observed isolates, 30 and 16 were purified as Myxococcus and non-Myxococcus, respectively. Isolated strains taxonomically belonged to the genera Myxococcus, Corallococcus and Cystobacter, Archangium, Nanocystis, and Sorangium, and some could not be attributed. Secondary metabolites of selected non-Myxococcus isolates extracted by the liquid-liquid method showed that the myxobacterium UTMC 4530 demonstrated the highest inhibition on the formation of carbonyl group and fructosamine, respectively. In addition, it showed 23% and 15.8% inhibitory activity on α-glucosides and α-amylase compared to acarbose (23%, 18%), respectively. The extract of strain UTMC 4530 showed 35% induction effect on glucose adsorption while showing no radical scavenging activity and no toxic effect on HRBC lysis and HepG2 in cytotoxicity assays. The strain UTMC 4530 (ON808962), with the multiple antidiabetic activity, showed 87.3% similarity to Corallococcus llansteffanensis which indicates its affiliation to a new genus. The results of this study revealed that secondary metabolites produced by strain UTMC 4530 can be considered a promising source to find new therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications perhaps a multi-mechanism anti-diabetic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saadatpour
- Pharmaceutial Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossain Nikzad
- Pharmaceutial Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutial Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Mladenović D, Vesković M, Šutulović N, Hrnčić D, Stanojlović O, Radić L, Macut JB, Macut D. Adipose-derived extracellular vesicles - a novel cross-talk mechanism in insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w. [PMID: 38285412 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is the best described risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) while the major pathogenic mechanism linking these entities is insulin resistance (IR). IR is primarily caused by increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and lipids from visceral adipose tissue. Increased fatty acid mobilization results in ectopic fat deposition in the liver which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress resulting in increased cytokine production and subsequent inflammation. Similarly, IR with hyperinsulinemia cause hyperandrogenism, the hallmark of PCOS, and inflammation in the ovaries. Proinflammatory cytokines from both liver and ovaries aggravate IR thus providing a complex interaction between adipose tissue, liver, and ovaries in inducing metabolic abnormalities in obese subjects. Although many pathogenic mechanisms of IR, NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS are known, there is still no effective therapy for these entities suggesting the need for further evaluation of their pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a novel cross-talk mechanism between organs and include membrane-bound vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that may change the phenotype and function of target cells. Adipose tissue releases EVs that promote IR, the development of all stages of NAFLD/MASLD and PCOS, while mesenchymal stem cell-derived AVs may alleviate metabolic abnormalities and may represent a novel therapeutic device in NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of adipose tissue-derived EVs in the pathogenesis of IR, NAFLD/MASLD, and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Šutulović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lena Radić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelica Bjekić Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, UMC Bežanijska kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Gruzdev SK, Podoprigora IV, Gizinger OA. Immunology of gut microbiome and liver in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): mechanisms, bacteria, and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:62. [PMID: 38216746 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Most important contributors to its development are diet and obesity. Gut microbiome's importance for immune system and inflammatory pathways more widely accepted as an important component in NAFLD and other liver diseases' pathogenesis. In this article we review potential mechanisms of microbiome alteration of local and systemic immune responses leading to NAFLD's development, and how can modulate them for the treatment. Our review mentions different immune system pathways and microorganisms regulating metabolism, liver inflammation and fibrosis. We specifically point out TLR-4 as a potential key immune pathway activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides producing pro-inflammatory cytokines in NAFLD. Also, we discuss three endotoxin-producing strains (Enterobacter cloacae B29, Escherichia coli PY102, Klebsiella pneumoniae A7) that can promote NAFLD development via TLR4-dependent immune response activation in animal models and how they potentially contribute to disease progression in humans. Additionally, we discuss their other immune and non-immune mechanisms contributing to NAFLD pathogenesis. In the end we point out gut microbiome researches' future perspective in NAFLD as a potential new target for both diagnostic and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Konstantinovich Gruzdev
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
| | - Irina Viktorovna Podoprigora
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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8
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Pansa CC, Molica LR, de Oliveira Júnior FC, Santello LC, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of fipronil in lipid metabolism of HepG2 and its possible connection to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23595. [PMID: 38050659 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that affects more than a quarter of the population. The development of this disease is correlated with metabolic dysfunctions that lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Pesticides are one of etiologies that support NAFLD establishment. Therefore, the effects of the insecticide fipronil on the lipid metabolism of the human hepatic cell line, HepG2, was investigated, considering its widespread use in field crops and even to control domestic pests. To address the goals of the study, biochemical, cellular, and molecular analyses of different concentrations of fipronil in cell cultures were investigated, after 24 h of incubation. Relevant metabolites such as triglycerides, glucose levels, β-oxidation processes, and gene expression of relevant elements correlated with lipid and metabolism of xenobiotics were investigated. The results suggested that at 20 μM, the pesticide increased the accumulation of triglycerides and neutral lipids by reducing fatty acid oxidation and increasing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, changes were observed in genes that control oxidative stress and the xenobiotic metabolism. Together, the results suggest that the metabolic changes caused by the insecticide fipronil may be deleterious if persistent, favoring the establishment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Pansa
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Molica
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano C de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara C Santello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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9
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Cheng PN, Chen WJ, Hou CJY, Lin CL, Chang ML, Wang CC, Chang WT, Wang CY, Lin CY, Hung CL, Peng CY, Yu ML, Chao TH, Huang JF, Huang YH, Chen CY, Chiang CE, Lin HC, Li YH, Lin TH, Kao JH, Wang TD, Liu PY, Wu YW, Liu CJ. Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver-Taiwan Society of Cardiology Taiwan position statement for the management of metabolic dysfunction- associated fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:16-36. [PMID: 37793641 PMCID: PMC10776290 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2023.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasingly common liver disease worldwide. MAFLD is diagnosed based on the presence of steatosis on images, histological findings, or serum marker levels as well as the presence of at least one of the three metabolic features: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic risk factors. MAFLD is not only a liver disease but also a factor contributing to or related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which is the major etiology responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with MAFLD. Hence, understanding the association between MAFLD and CVD, surveillance and risk stratification of MAFLD in patients with CVD, and assessment of the current status of MAFLD management are urgent requirements for both hepatologists and cardiologists. This Taiwan position statement reviews the literature and provides suggestions regarding the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, risk stratification, nonpharmacological interventions, and potential drug treatments of MAFLD, focusing on its association with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Nan Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan; Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Center for Digestive Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chern-En Chiang
- General Clinical Research Center, and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Wang M, Qi Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Guo C, Shu C, Pan F, Guo Z, Di HJ, Hu Z. Impeding DNA Polymerase β Activity by Oleic Acid to Inhibit Base Excision Repair and Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Hepatic Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:765-776. [PMID: 37695502 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) hepatic accumulation and the resulting oxidative stress contribute to several chronic liver diseases including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we propose a novel mechanism whereby the toxicity of FFAs detrimentally affects DNA repair activity. Specifically, we have discovered that oleic acid (OA), a prominent dietary free fatty acid, inhibits the activity of DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a crucial enzyme involved in base excision repair (BER), by actively competing with 2'-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate. Consequently, OA hinders the efficiency of BER, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage in hepatocytes overloaded with FFAs. Additionally, the excessive presence of both OA and palmitic acid (PA) lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. These findings suggest that the accumulation of FFAs hampers Pol β activity and contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, shedding light on potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying FFAs-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yannan Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Chuanjun Shu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Jie Di
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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11
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Ziamanesh F, Mohammadi M, Ebrahimpour S, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Mosallanejad A, Larijani B. Unraveling the link between insulin resistance and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease): A Narrative Review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1083-1094. [PMID: 37975107 PMCID: PMC10638269 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a significant global health concern, representing the leading cause of chronic liver disease and posing a substantial public health challenge. NAFLD is associated with higher insulin resistance (IR) levels, a key pathophysiological mechanism contributing to its development and progression. To counter this growing trend, it is crucial to raise awareness about NAFLD and promote healthy lifestyles to mitigate the impact of this disease. Methods Relevant studies regarding IR and NAFLD published until May 30, 2023, were extracted from Google PubMed, Scopus, and Web Of Science web databases. The following keywords were used: IR, diabetes mellitus, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Results IR leads to an accumulation of fatty acids within liver cells, resulting from increased glycolysis and decreased apolipoprotein B-100. Furthermore, the manifestations of NAFLD extend beyond liver-related morbidity and mortality, affecting multiple organs and giving rise to various non-communicable disorders such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and cardiovascular disease. Although lifestyle modification remains the primary treatment approach for NAFLD, alternative therapies, including pharmacological, herbal, and surgical interventions, may be considered. By implementing early and simple measures, cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma can be prevented. Conclusions There is a clear association between NAFLD and elevated levels of IR. Several metabolic conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, are closely interrelated with NAFLD and IR. Raising awareness about NAFLD and promoting a healthy lifestyle are crucial steps to reverse the impact of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Ziamanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sholeh Ebrahimpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Tamilmani P, Sathibabu Uddandrao VV, Chandrasekaran P, Saravanan G, Brahma Naidu P, Sengottuvelu S, Vadivukkarasi S. Linalool attenuates lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via Sirt1/Akt/PPRA-α/AMPK and Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102231. [PMID: 37865226 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Linalool is a monoterpene that occurs naturally in various aromatic plants and is identified in our previous study as a potential candidate for protection against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, little is known about its direct effects on hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of linalool against MASLD and the underlying mechanism. METHODS To establish a rat model of MASLD, male Wistar rats were fed HFD for 16 weeks and orally administered linalool (100 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days starting from week 14. RESULTS Linalool significantly reduced HFD-induced liver lipid accumulation and restored altered adipokine levels. Mechanistically, linalool downregulated the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and its lipogenesis target genes fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and upregulated the mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha [PPAR-α], lipoprotein lipase and protein kinase B [Akt]) as well as the upstream mediators sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver of MASLD rats. In addition, linalool also curbed oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and activating nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and its downstream target genes involved in antioxidant properties. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study concludes that linalool attenuates lipid accumulation in the liver by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis, promoting fatty acid oxidation, and attenuating oxidative stress by regulating Sirt1/Akt/PPRA-α/AMPK and Nrf-2/ HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tamilmani
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal District, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu 637215, India; Department of Biochemistry, PGP College of Arts and Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637207, India; Department of Biochemistry, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu 637408, India
| | - V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal District, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu 637215, India
| | - P Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal District, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu 637215, India
| | - G Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal District, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu 637215, India
| | - Parim Brahma Naidu
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - S Sengottuvelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamil Nadu 638052, India
| | - S Vadivukkarasi
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal District, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu 637215, India.
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13
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Argano C. Editorial: Interactions between NAFLD and cardiac conduction, structure and function: recent advances and treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1334227. [PMID: 38075054 PMCID: PMC10703450 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1334227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiano Argano
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Relevance and High Specialization Hospital Trust ARNAS Civico, Di Cristina, Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Vesković M, Šutulović N, Hrnčić D, Stanojlović O, Macut D, Mladenović D. The Interconnection between Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-The Transition from an Adipocentric to Liver-Centric Approach. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9084-9102. [PMID: 37998747 PMCID: PMC10670061 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The central mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of MAFLD is insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, which stimulates triglyceride synthesis and accumulation in the liver. On the other side, triglyceride and free fatty acid accumulation in hepatocytes promotes insulin resistance via oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipotoxicity, and the increased secretion of hepatokines. Cytokines and adipokines cause insulin resistance, thus promoting lipolysis in adipose tissue and ectopic fat deposition in the muscles and liver. Free fatty acids along with cytokines and adipokines contribute to insulin resistance in the liver via the activation of numerous signaling pathways. The secretion of hepatokines, hormone-like proteins, primarily by hepatocytes is disturbed and impairs signaling pathways, causing metabolic dysregulation in the liver. ER stress and unfolded protein response play significant roles in insulin resistance aggravation through the activation of apoptosis, inflammatory response, and insulin signaling impairment mediated via IRE1/PERK/ATF6 signaling pathways and the upregulation of SREBP 1c. Circadian rhythm derangement and biological clock desynchronization are related to metabolic disorders, insulin resistance, and NAFLD, suggesting clock genes as a potential target for new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance involved in NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology “Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nikola Šutulović
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Š.); (D.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Š.); (D.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Š.); (D.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology “Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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15
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Moriyama K, Inoue N, Imai J, Masuda Y, Yamada C, Kishimoto N, Takashimizu S, Kubo A, Nishizaki Y. Prediction and Validation of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Using Insulin Resistance-Related Indices in the Japanese Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:489-496. [PMID: 37878804 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is based on evidence of hepatic steatosis and any of the following three conditions: overweight/obesity, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, or evidence of metabolic dysregulation, has been proposed. It is uncertain how indices that predict insulin resistance (IR) are associated with MAFLD. Methods: Among subjects who had undergone health examinations at our hospital, 1,257 (787 men and 474 women) who underwent fatty liver evaluation, were included in this cross-sectional study. The discriminatory ability of each index for MAFLD was tested using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The associations between the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and MAFLD were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age and body mass index of MAFLD subjects were 58.1 years and 26.0 kg/m2 in men and 63.0 years and 26.1 kg/m2 in women, respectively. The cutoff values of HOMA-IR, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index in men and women were 1.40 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.81) and 1.90 (AUC: 0.88); 1.56 (AUC: 0.75) and 1.06 (AUC: 0.78); and 8.62 (AUC: 0.75) and 8.45 (AUC: 0.80), respectively. All indices were significantly higher in both men and women with MAFLD. In the multivariate models, the odds of MAFLD were higher among both men and women in the highest tertile than those in the lowest tertile. When subjects were divided by sex, presence of MAFLD, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values, all indices were significantly higher in both men and women with high ALT levels who were diagnosed with MAFLD. Conclusion: IR strongly correlated with MAFLD, particularly in subjects with high ALT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Moriyama
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagamu Inoue
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Imai
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizumi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kishimoto
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Takashimizu
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishizaki
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Lomas-Soria C, Rodríguez-González GL, Ibáñez CA, Reyes-Castro LA, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Maternal Obesity Programs the Premature Aging of Rat Offspring Liver Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Genes in a Sex-Dependent Manner. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1166. [PMID: 37759566 PMCID: PMC10526092 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether maternal obesity affects the hepatic mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), sirtuins, and antioxidant enzymes in young (110 postnatal days (PND)) and old (650PND) male and female offspring in a sex- and age-related manner. Female Wistar rats ate a control (C) or high-fat (MO) diet from weaning, through pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the offspring ate the C diet and were euthanized at 110 and 650PND. The livers were collected for RNA-seq and immunohistochemistry. Male offspring livers had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) down-regulated by both MO and natural aging than females. C-650PND vs. C-110PND and MO-110PND vs. C-110PND comparisons revealed 1477 DEGs in common for males (premature aging by MO) and 35 DEGs for females. Analysis to identify KEGG pathways enriched from genes in common showed changes in 511 and 3 KEGG pathways in the male and female livers, respectively. Mitochondrial function pathways showed ETC-related gene down-regulation. All ETC complexes, sirtuin2, sirtuin3, sod-1, and catalase, exhibited gene down-regulation and decreased protein expression at young and old ages in MO males vs. C males; meanwhile, MO females down-regulated only at 650PND. Conclusions: MO accelerates the age-associated down-regulation of ETC pathway gene expression in male offspring livers, thereby causing sex-dependent oxidative stress, premature aging, and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
- CONAHCyT-Cátedras, Investigador por México, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
| | - Carlos A. Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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17
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Ziółkowska S, Kosmalski M, Kołodziej Ł, Jabłkowska A, Szemraj JZ, Pietras T, Jabłkowski M, Czarny PL. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Base-Excision Repair-Related Genes Involved in the Risk of an Occurrence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11307. [PMID: 37511066 PMCID: PMC10379279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the pillars crucial in the development of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may cause DNA damage. Since the main pathway responsible for the repair of oxidative DNA damage is the base-excision repair (BER) pathway, we examined the relationship between the presence of different genetic variants of BER-associated genes and the risk of NAFLD. The study evaluates seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within five genes, hOGG1, APEX1, NEIL1, LIG3, LIG1, in 150 NAFLD patients and 340 healthy controls. The genotyping was performed using TaqMan probes and the results were presented as odds ratio with its corresponding 95% confidence interval. The following SNPs were assessed in the study: hOGG1 (rs1052133), APEX1 (rs176094 and rs1130409), NEIL1 (rs4462560), LIG3 (rs1052536), LIG3 (rs4796030), and LIG1 (rs20579). Four of the investigated SNPs, i.e., rs176094, rs1130409, rs4462560 and rs4796030, were found to be associated with NAFLD risk. Furthermore, the occurrence of insulin resistance in patients with steatosis depended on various LIG3 genetic variants. The findings imply the impact of genes involved in BER on NAFLD and fatty liver-related insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Ziółkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jabłkowska
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Jabłkowski
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Lech Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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18
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Aljahdali BA, Bajaber AS, Al-Nouri DM, Al-Khalifah AS, Arzoo S, Alasmari AA. The Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndromes in Diet-Induced Rodent Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1336. [PMID: 37374119 DOI: 10.3390/life13061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrients are essential for metabolic regulation and insulin function. The present study examined the effects of different high-fat diets (HFDs) and high-carbohydrate diets (HCDs) on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome indices in healthy adult male Wistar albino rats. Forty-two rats were distributed into six groups (n = 7), which were fed the following for 22 weeks: (1) a control diet; (2) a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HCD-LFD); (3) high-saturated-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HSF-LCD); (4) a high-monounsaturated-fat diet (HMUSF); (5) a high medium-chain fat diet (HMCF); and a (6) a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet (HCHF). In comparison to the control, the body weight increased in all the groups. The HSF-LCD group showed the highest levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, hepatic enzyme, insulin resistance, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance. A liver histology analysis of the HSF-LCD group showed macrovesicular hepatic steatosis associated with large hepatic vacuolation. Additionally, it showed marked periportal fibrosis, especially around the blood vessels and blood capillaries. The lowest levels of fasting glycemia, insulin, and HOMA-IR were observed in the HCHF group. In conclusion, these findings show that dietary saturated fat and cholesterol are principal components in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, while fiber showed the greatest improvement in glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Abdulhafid Aljahdali
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Salem Bajaber
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doha M Al-Nouri
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Saleh Al-Khalifah
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Arzoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Abdullah Alasmari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Shang Y, Li Z, Cai P, Li W, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Xia S, Shao Q, Wang H. Megamitochondria plasticity: function transition from adaption to disease. Mitochondrion 2023:S1567-7249(23)00053-3. [PMID: 37276954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the cell's energy factory and metabolic hub, mitochondria are critical for ATP synthesis to maintain cellular function. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that continuously undergo fusion and fission to alter their size, shape, and position, with mitochondrial fusion and fission being interdependent to maintain the balance of mitochondrial morphological changes. However, in response to metabolic and functional damage, mitochondria can grow in size, resulting in a form of abnormal mitochondrial morphology known as megamitochondria. Megamitochondria are characterized by their considerably larger size, pale matrix, and marginal cristae structure and have been observed in various human diseases. In energy-intensive cells like hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes, the pathological process can lead to the growth of megamitochondria, which can further cause metabolic disorders, cell damage and aggravates the progression of the disease. Nonetheless, megamitochondria can also form in response to short-term environmental stimulation as a compensatory mechanism to support cell survival. However, extended stimulation can reverse the benefits of megamitochondria leading to adverse effects. In this review, we will focus on the findings of the different roles of megamitochondria, and their link to disease development to identify promising clinical therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Shang
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhanghui Li
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peiyang Cai
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yangjing Zhao
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Reproductive Sciences Institute, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
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20
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Sun C, Qiu C, Zhang Y, Yan M, Tan J, He J, Yang D, Wang D, Wu L. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Regulating Bile Acid Anabolism. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104042. [PMID: 37241783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic disease in modern society. It is characterized by an accumulation of lipids in the liver and an excessive inflammatory response. Clinical trials have provided evidence that probiotics may prevent the onset and relapse of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 strain (NKK20) on high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD in an ICR murine model and propose the underlying mechanism whereby NKK20 protects against NAFLD. The results showed that the administration of NKK20 ameliorated hepatocyte fatty degeneration, reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and alleviated inflammatory reactions in NAFLD mice. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that NKK20 could decrease the abundance of Pseudomonas and Turicibacter and increase the abundance of Akkermansia in NAFLD mice. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that NKK20 could significantly increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon contents of mice. The obtained non-targeted metabolomics results revealed a significant difference between the metabolites in the colon contents of the NKK20 administration group and those in the high-fat diet group, in which a total of 11 different metabolites that were significantly affected by NKK20 were observed, and these metabolites were mainly involved in bile acid anabolism. UPLC-MS technical analysis revealed that NKK20 could change the concentrations of six conjugated and free bile acids in mouse liver. After being treated with NKK20, the concentrations of cholic acid, glycinocholic acid, and glycinodeoxycholic acid in livers of the NAFLD mice were significantly decreased, while the concentration of aminodeoxycholic acid was significantly increased. Thus, our findings indicate that NKK20 can regulate bile acid anabolism and promote the production of SCFA, which can inhibit inflammation and liver damage and thus prevent the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chenguang Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Man Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiajun Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiayuan He
- Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Dakai Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Lianyungang 222006, China
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21
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Paoli A, Cerullo G. Investigating the Link between Ketogenic Diet, NAFLD, Mitochondria, and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051065. [PMID: 37237931 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Together with the global rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of individuals who suffer from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen dramatically. NAFLD is currently the most common chronic liver disease and includes a continuum of liver disorders from initial fat accumulation to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), considered the more severe forms, which can evolve in, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Common features of NAFLD includes altered lipid metabolism mainly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, which, as a vicious cycle, aggravates oxidative stress and promotes inflammation and, as a consequence, the progressive death of hepatocytes and the severe form of NAFLD. A ketogenic diet (KD), i.e., a diet very low in carbohydrates (<30 g/die) that induces "physiological ketosis", has been demonstrated to alleviate oxidative stress and restore mitochondrial function. Based on this, the aim of the present review is to analyze the body of evidence regarding the potential therapeutic role of KD in NAFLD, focusing on the interplay between mitochondria and the liver, the effects of ketosis on oxidative stress pathways, and the impact of KD on liver and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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22
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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23
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Abdollahi A, Narayanan SK, Frankovich A, Lai YC, Zhang Y, Henderson GC. Albumin Deficiency Reduces Hepatic Steatosis and Improves Glucose Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2060. [PMID: 37432201 PMCID: PMC10181153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin facilitates the transport of free fatty acids (FFAs) from adipose tissue to other organs. It was not known if impeding this process could protect from hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. We tested whether albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice would exhibit a reduction in plasma FFA concentration, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, and improved glucoregulation as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Male homozygous albumin knockout mice (Alb-/-) and WT controls were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Alb-/- mice exhibited a similar body weight gain and body composition as WT on both diets. Despite HFD-induced obesity, Alb-/- mice were protected from various comorbidities. Compared to WT mice on the HFD, Alb-/- exhibited lower plasma FFA levels, lower blood glucose levels during glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, and lower hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Alb-/- mice on HFD also exhibited elevated expression of multiple genes in the liver and adipose tissues, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in both tissues, as well as glucose transporter-4 and adiponectin in adipose tissues. The results indicate that albumin's FFA transport function may be involved in the development of hepatic lipid accumulation and dysregulated glucose metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sanjeev K. Narayanan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Frankovich
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gregory C. Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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24
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Huang R, Wang B, He J, Zhang Z, Xie R, Li S, Li Q, Tian C, Tuo Y, Zheng R, Chen W, Xiang M. Lian-Qu formula treats metabolic syndrome via reducing fat synthesis, insulin resistance and inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116060. [PMID: 36535333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological condition characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The traditional Chinese medicine Lian-Qu formula (LQF) is modified from Xiaoxianxiong decoction, which has been used for coronary heart disease or metabolic disease in clinical for a long time. However, the pharmacological mechanism of LQF on MetS is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, we explored the actions of LQF on MetS via network pharmacology and validated the mechanism in the MetS mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of LQF were searched in the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and the natural product activity & species source database. The related targets of MetS disease were gathered from genes cluster with literature profiles database. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed to obtain the key target genes. The Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment of the key targets were performed to predict the potential mechanisms of LQF action on MetS. And then, the high-fat diet-induced MetS mice were used to validate its therapeutic effect and molecular targets. Insulin tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Body weight and visceral fat index were measured to assess obesity. Liver metabolism was detected by H&E section, oil red O staining and untargeted lipid metabolomics experiments. Finally, the key targets of LQF action on MetS were verified by PCR and ELISA kits. RESULTS A total of 466 components in LQF were obtained, among which 71 were active. These components correspond to 74 targets associated with MetS. The predicted targets of LQF worked on MetS were AKT1, INSR, PPARs, FASN, LDLR, TNF, CRP, IL-6, IL-1β and so on. Furthermore, these targets were related to pathways in cellular response to lipid, inflammatory response, glucose transmembrane transport and insulin resistance. Finally, the animal experiments validated that LQF inhibited lipids accumulation by inhibiting the gene expression of FASN and increasing ADPN, and it relieved insulin resistance by increasing GLUT-4 expression. Moreover, LQF alleviated inflammation by reducing IL-6 and CRP levels. CONCLUSION LQF exerted anti-MetS effects through improving insulin sensitivity, ameliorating hyperlipidemia and obesity, reducing liver injury, and inhibiting inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baotian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialuo He
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Senlin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Tuo
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhao Y, Sun N, Song X, Zhu J, Wang T, Wang Z, Yu Y, Ren J, Chen H, Zhan T, Tian J, Ma C, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang B. A novel small molecule AdipoR2 agonist ameliorates experimental hepatic steatosis in hamsters and mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 203:69-85. [PMID: 37044149 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) can be activated by its endogenous ligand adiponectin to reduce hepatic steatosis, and is regarded as a therapeutic target for metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study proposes a novel anthraquinone compound, emodin succinate monoethyl ester (ESME), which activates AdipoR2, inhibits hepatic lipogenesis, promotes fatty acid oxidation, and alleviates experimental hepatic steatosis in hamsters and mice. Molecular docking shows that ESME has strong binding potential with AdipoR2 by forming a arene-arene interaction. AdipoR2 on the cytomembrane of HepG2 cells can be labeled by fluorescent ESME (Cy5-ESME). ESME activates AdipoR2, AMPK and PPARα, and reduces lipid deposition in palmitic acid or oleic acid-induced HepG2 and L02 cells. Suppression of AdipoR2 expression or AMPK activation completely eliminates the effect of ESME on reducing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Oral administration of ESME reduces liver lipid production and accumulation, and alleviates hepatic steatosis in hamsters and Apoe-/- mice induced by high-fat diet. Compared with statins and emodin, ESME showed prepotent efficacy and safety in reducing hepatic steatosis and protecting hepatocytes. Furthermore, ESME activates CaMKK2 and LKB1 in liver to activate AMPK and reduce lipogenesis through stimulating AdipoR2. Taken together, ESME reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and alleviates hepatic steatosis by agonizing AdipoR2. ESME is a promising new agent for clinical treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Song
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianshuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaying Tian
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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26
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Comparison of MAFLD and NAFLD Characteristics in Children. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030560. [PMID: 36980118 PMCID: PMC10047180 DOI: 10.3390/children10030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background & aims: An international panel proposed a diagnostic framework for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in children. The aim was to compare the clinical features of MAFLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. Methods: The characteristic differences between NAFLD and MAFLD in children were compared with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 in the U.S. and the Comprehensive Prevention Project for Overweight and Obese Adolescents (CPOOA) study in China. Results: In NHANES 2017–2018, regardless of which criteria were implemented, participants with hepatic steatosis were more likely to have higher BMI z-scores, a higher prevalence of hypertension or higher metabolic indices and higher non-invasive liver fibrosis scores (all p < 0.05). The cases diagnosed by those two definitions had a similarity of over 75%. More obese children were diagnosed with MAFLD than NAFLD (p < 0.001). However, approximately 19% of children with NAFLD present with normal weight and fasting glucose levels and cannot be diagnosed with MAFLD. The CPOOA study excluded viral infected liver disease and certain kinds of congenital causes of liver steatosis patients, resulting in children with NAFLD being identical with MAFLD children. Conclusions: Most clinical features were similar between children with MAFLD and children with NAFLD, and more than 75% of children with NAFLD can also be diagnosed with MAFLD. However, approximately 19% of children with NAFLD cannot be categorized as MAFLD. Therefore, to gain greater benefits from renaming NAFLD to MAFLD in pediatrics, the prevalence of different causes of hepatic steatosis in children needs to be understood.
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Kim SH, Yun C, Kwon D, Lee YH, Kwak JH, Jung YS. Effect of Isoquercitrin on Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031476. [PMID: 36771140 PMCID: PMC9919102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metabolic disorders and oxidative stress are crucial factors in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, treatment strategies to combat NAFLD remain poorly established, presenting an important challenge that needs to be addressed. Herein, we aimed to examine the effect of isoquercitrin on lipid accumulation induced by exogenous free fatty acids (FFA) using HepG2 cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The cells were exposed to 0.5 mM FFA to induce intracellular lipid accumulation, followed by co-treatment with isoquercitrin to confirm the potential inhibitory effect on FFA-induced lipid production. HepG2 cells exposed to FFA alone exhibited intracellular lipid accumulation, compromised endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and enhanced expression of proteins and genes involved in lipid synthesis; however, co-treatment with isoquercitrin decreased the expression of these molecules in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, isoquercitrin could activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulatory protein of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, suppressing new lipid production by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1)/fatty acid synthase (FAS) signals. Overall, these findings suggest that isoquercitrin can be employed as a therapeutic agent to improve NAFLD via the regulation of lipid metabolism by targeting the AMPK/ACC and SREBP1/FAS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chawon Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-5102816
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Fang QL, Qiao X, Yin XQ, Zeng YC, Du CH, Xue YM, Zhao XJ, Hu CY, Huang F, Lin YP. Flavonoids from Scutellaria amoena C. H. Wright alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and regulate oxidative stress via Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis in rats with high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114160. [PMID: 36571996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is among the most common liver diseases in the world. Flavonoids from Scutellaria amoena (SAF) are used in the treatment of hepatopathy in China. However, the effect and mechanism against NASH remain unclear. We investigated the alleviating effect of SAF on NASH via regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. METHODS The effects of SAF on NASH were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo methods. L02 cells were induced by fat emulsion to establish an adipocytes model, followed by treatment with SAF for 24 h. NASH rat models were established by the administration of a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and were administered SAF for six weeks. Changes in body weight, organ indexes, lipid levels, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial indicators, and fatty acid metabolism were investigated. RESULTS SAF significantly improved body weight, organ indexes, lipid levels, liver injury, and inflammatory infiltration in NASH rats. SAF notably regulated interleukin-6, tumor necrotic factor-alpha, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, SAF improved mitochondrial dysfunction, increased the levels of GSH, SOD, ATP synthase, complex I and II, and decreased the level of MDA in liver mitochondria. SAF regulated the expression of β-oxidation genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) A, CPT1B, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and PPARα. CONCLUSION SAF can alleviate NASH by regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress via the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Lian Fang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xun-Qing Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Mei Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Yan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
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Oxidative Stress Modulation by ncRNAs and Their Emerging Role as Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020262. [PMID: 36829822 PMCID: PMC9952114 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are pathologies related to ectopic fat accumulation, both of which are continuously increasing in prevalence. These threats are prompting researchers to develop effective therapies for their clinical management. One of the common pathophysiological alterations that underlies both diseases is oxidative stress (OxS), which appears as a result of lipid deposition in affected tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to OxS generation are different in each disease. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA transcripts that do not encode proteins and function by regulating gene expression. In recent years, the involvement of ncRNAs in OxS modulation has become more recognized. This review summarizes the most recent advances regarding ncRNA-mediated regulation of OxS in atherosclerosis and NAFLD. In both diseases, ncRNAs can exert pro-oxidant or antioxidant functions by regulating gene targets and even other ncRNAs, positioning them as potential therapeutic targets. Interestingly, both diseases have common altered ncRNAs, suggesting that the same molecule can be targeted simultaneously when both diseases coexist. Finally, since some ncRNAs have already been used as therapeutic agents, their roles as potential drugs for the clinical management of atherosclerosis and NAFLD are analyzed.
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Huang X, Yuan Z, Liu X, Wang Z, Lu J, Wu L, Lin X, Zhang Y, Pi W, Cai D, Chu F, Wang P, Lei H. Integrative multi-omics unravels the amelioration effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154576. [PMID: 36610127 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (ZBM) on anti-obesity, lipid-lowering and liver protection has been identified, but the effect on the development of NAFLD induced by high-fat diet remains unclear. PURPOSE To evaluate the alleviation effect of ZBM on NAFLD in vivo and explore the mechanisms by analyzing the liver transcriptome, microbiota and fecal metabolites. METHODS NAFLD model was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding with high-fat diet (HFD). The potential mechanism of ZBM in improving NAFLD was studied by liver transcriptome analysis, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, 16s rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabonomics. RESULTS ZBM has alleviation effects on HFD-induced NAFLD. The liver transcriptome, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence analysis showed that ZBM could efficiently regulate fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. The 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS based metabonomic demonstrated that ZBM could rebalance gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulate metabolic profiles in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between gut microbiota and biochemical, pathological indexes and differential metabolic biomarkers. CONCLUSION ZBM ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, gut microbiota and metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhihua Yuan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jihui Lu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Linying Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yaozhi Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wenmin Pi
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Desheng Cai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fuhao Chu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Suriano F, Vieira-Silva S, Falony G, de Wouters d'Oplinter A, Paone P, Delzenne NM, Everard A, Raes J, Van Hul M, Cani PD. Fat and not sugar as the determining factor for gut microbiota changes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E85-E96. [PMID: 36516223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00141.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Overall, obesity is associated with deviations in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota. There are many divergent findings regarding the link between the excessive intake of certain dietary components (i.e., fat and sugar) and obesity development. We therefore investigated the effect of specific diets, with a different content of sugar and fat, in promoting obesity and related comorbidities as well as their impact on microbial load and gut microbiota composition/diversity. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-sugar, low-fat control diet (CT), a high-sugar diet (HS), a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HF/HS), or a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 wk. The impact of the different diets on obesity, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative and ER stress was determined. Diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota composition and density were also analyzed. HF diet-fed mice showed the highest body weight and fat mass gains and displayed the most impaired glucose and insulin profiles. HS, HF/HS, and HF diets differently affected hepatic cholesterol content and mRNA expression of several markers associated with immune cells, inflammation, oxidative and ER stress in several organs/tissues. In addition, HF diet feeding resulted in a decreased microbial load at the end of the experiment. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that HS, HF/HS, and HF diets induced specific changes in the abundance of certain bacterial taxa. This was not associated with a specific change in systemic inflammatory markers, but HS mice exhibited higher FGF21 plasma levels compared with HF diet-fed mice. Taken together, our results highlight that dietary intake of different macronutrients distinctively impacts the development of an obese/diabetic state and the regulation of metabolic inflammation in specific organs. We propose that these differences are not only obesity-driven but that changes in the gut microbiota composition may play a key role in this context.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that dietary macronutrients (i.e., sugar and fat) have an impact on fecal bacterial cell counting and quantitative microbiome profiling in mice. Yet, we demonstrate that dietary fat is the determining factor to promote obesity and diabetes progression, and local inflammation in different body sites. These observations can help to disentangle the conundrum of the detrimental effects of fat and sugar in our dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Suriano
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Gwen Falony
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alice de Wouters d'Oplinter
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Paola Paone
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, VIB Center for Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Diosgenin Ameliorated Type II Diabetes-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Inhibiting De Novo Lipogenesis and Improving Fatty Acid Oxidation and Mitochondrial Function in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234994. [PMID: 36501024 PMCID: PMC9738614 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin (DIO) is a dietary and phytochemical steroidal saponin representing multiple activities. The present study investigated the protective effect of DIO on type II diabetes-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (D-NAFLD). The rat model was established by high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection and then administered DIO for 8 weeks. The results showed that DIO reduced insulin resistance index, improved dyslipidemia, and relieved pancreatic damage. DIO decreased hepatic injury markers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). H&E staining showed that DIO relieved hepatic lipid deposition. Mechanistically, DIO inhibited hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and increased fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) through regulation of the AMPK-ACC/SREBP1 pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was inhibited by DIO through regulation of PERK and IRE1 arms, which may then inhibit DNL. DIO also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the antioxidant capacity via an increase in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The mitochondria are the site for FAO, and ROS can damage mitochondrial function. DIO relieved mitochondrial fission and fusion disorder by inhibiting DRP1 and increasing MFN1/MFN2 expressions. Mitochondrial apoptosis was then inhibited by DIO. In conclusion, the present study suggests that DIO protects against D-NAFLD by inhibiting DNL and improving FAO and mitochondrial function.
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Zhang Q, Xing W, Wang Q, Tang Z, Wang Y, Gao W. Gut microbiota–mitochondrial inter-talk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934113. [PMID: 36204383 PMCID: PMC9530335 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a progressive disease, has exerted huge a healthcare burden worldwide. New investigations have suggested that the gut microbiota closely participates in the progression of NAFLD through the gut–liver axis or gut–brain–liver axis. The composition of the microbiota can be altered by multiple factors, primarily dietary style, nutritional supplements, or exercise. Recent evidence has revealed that gut microbiota is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in the liver by regulating crucial transcription factors, enzymes, or genes. Moreover, microbiota metabolites can also affect mitochondrial oxidative stress function and swallow formation, subsequently controlling the inflammatory response and regulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are the predominant regulators of NAFLD. This review focuses on the changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolites as well as the cross-talk between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function. We thus aim to comprehensively explore the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in NAFLD and potential therapeutic strategies targeting NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyan Gao,
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Zhu M, Niu Q, Zhang J, Yu Y, Wang H, Zhu T, Wang G, Yang L, Yin Y, Li P. Amorphous selenium nanodots alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via activating VEGF receptor 1 to further inhibit phosphorylation of JNK/p38 MAPK pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175235. [PMID: 36049560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In clinic, there is still no unified standard for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the development of effective novel drugs to alleviate NAFLD remains a challenge. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of amorphous selenium nanodots (A SeNDs) in alleviating NAFLD. Model rats with NAFLD were induced by the high-fat diet (HFD). Histomorphology was used to observe liver tissue, automatic biochemical analyzer was used to analyze liver function indicators, and ELISA kit was used to detect the effect of A SeNDs on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in NAFLD rats. The results exhibited that A SeNDs could reduce hepatocyte steatosis, liver index, blood lipid level, and transaminase level in NAFLD rats. Furthermore, A SeNDs could relieve the oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction and maintain liver tissue structure in NAFLD rats. Mechanistically, A SeNDs (0.3 mg/kg/day) inhibit the phosphorylation of JNK/p38 MAPK pathways after activating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) in the liver of rats with NAFLD to allay oxidative stress and inflammatory response and improves hepatic structure and liver function. Therefore, it should be an important method to mitigate NAFLD by supplementing A SeNDs to normalize hepatic structure and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moli Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Qianqian Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Yaling Yin
- Basic Medical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
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Xu J, Piao C, Qu Y, Liu T, Peng Y, Li Q, Zhao X, Li P, Wu X, Fan Y, Chen B, Yang J. Efficacy and mechanism of Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan Formula in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Study protocol for a parallel-armed, randomized controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924021. [PMID: 36034810 PMCID: PMC9411737 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen over the years. This comorbid condition significantly increases the probability of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and mortality compared to the disease alone. The multi-targeted, holistic treatment efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a vital role in the treatment of T2DM and NAFLD. Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan Formula (JTTF), based on TCM theory, is widely used in clinical treatment, and its effectiveness in lowering glucose, regulating lipids, improving insulin resistance, and its pathways of action have been demonstrated in previous studies. However, the mechanism of this formula has not been investigated from a metabolomics perspective. Moreover, high-quality clinical studies on T2DM combined with NAFLD are lacking. Therefore, we aim to conduct a clinical trial to investigate the clinical efficacy, safety, and possible pathways of JTTF in the treatment of T2DM combined with NAFLD using metabolomics techniques. Methods: A total of 98 participants will be recruited to this clinical trial and randomly assigned to either a treatment group (JTTF + conventional basic treatment) or control group (conventional basic treatment) in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will have received the same lifestyle interventions in the preceding 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be change in visceral fat area and total score on the TCM syndromes efficacy score scale. The secondary outcome will include changes in ultrasound steatosis grade, fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4), metabolic parameters, anthropometric parameters, visceral fat area. In addition, serum and urine samples collected at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of treatment will be sequentially tested for untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Discussion: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of JTTF, as well as investigate the differential metabolites and possible mechanisms of JTTF treatment in T2DM combined with NAFLD. We hypothesize that patients will benefit from JTTF, which may provide strong evidence for the clinical use of JTTF in the treatment of T2DM and NAFLD, leading to the possibility of further mechanistic exploration. Clinical Trial Registration: This clinical trial has been registered in China Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR 2100051174).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chunli Piao,
| | - Yue Qu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemin Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yawen Fan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binqin Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
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Progress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: SIRT Family Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081079. [PMID: 36008973 PMCID: PMC9405760 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. As a group of NAD+-dependent III deacetylases, the sirtuin (SIRT1-7) family plays a very important role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and participates in the progress of NAFLD. SIRT family members are distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria; regulate hepatic fatty acid oxidation metabolism through different metabolic pathways and mechanisms; and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism. SIRT1 may improve NAFLD by regulating ROS, PGC-1α, SREBP-1c, FoxO1/3, STAT3, and AMPK to restore mitochondrial function and reduce steatosis of the liver. Other SIRT family members also play a role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidative metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Therefore, this paper comprehensively introduces the role of SIRT family in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver in NAFLD, aiming to further explain the importance of SIRT family in regulating mitochondrial function in the occurrence and development of NAFLD, and to provide ideas for the research and development of targeted drugs. Relatively speaking, the role of some SIRT family members in NAFLD is still insufficiently clear, and further research is needed.
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Junli Z, Shuhan W, Yajuan Z, Xiaoling D, Jiahuan L, Keshu X. The Role and Mechanism of CREBH Regulating SIRT3 in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Life Sci 2022; 306:120838. [PMID: 35902030 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of cAMP response element-binding protein H (CREBH) on metabolic associated fatty liver disease by regulating sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). MAIN METHODS Two mouse models of fatty liver induced by a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet and a high-fat (HF) diet and an in vitro model of palmitic acid (PA) induced lipid-overloaded hepatocytes were constructed to detect the expression of CREBH, SIRT3, total acetylation, and downstream protein interactions and lipid metabolism phenotype, which were further validated in CREBH-/- mice and lentivirus-overexpressing CREBH hepatocytes. KEY FINDINGS In fatty liver and lipid overload models, the expressions of CREBH and SIRT3 were down-regulated and their expression was positively correlated, accompanied by an increase in the level of total protein acetylation. Overexpression of CREBH alleviated excess lipid accumulation, impaired viability, and the ability to metabolize energy through the fatty acid oxidation pathway in hepatocytes in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of CREBH restored the interaction of the deacetylase SIRT3 with the molecules carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 2 (CPT2) and long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL) involved in the fatty acid oxidation pathway and their deacetylation status. However, CREBH-/- aggravated the damage of lipid metabolism in the liver tissue of mice. SIGNIFICANCE CREBH increased the enzymatic activity of downstream factors by positively regulating the expression of SIRT3, which promoted the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids in hepatocytes and played an important role in fatty acid oxidation in MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Junli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wang Shuhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhao Yajuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Deng Xiaoling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Jiahuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xu Keshu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Huang HC, Hsu SJ, Chang CC, Chuang CL, Hou MC, Lee FY. Effects of PCSK-9 Inhibition by Alirocumab Treatments on Biliary Cirrhotic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137378. [PMID: 35806383 PMCID: PMC9267099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress with elevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) exacerbate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is controlled by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). Alirocumab is a monoclonal antibody that decreases LDL via inhibiting PCSK9 function. Apart from lipid-lowering effects, alirocumab exerts anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis and anti-oxidant effects. This study aims to investigate the impact of alirocumab treatment on common bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced biliary cirrhotic rats. After a 4-week treatment of alirocumab, the hemodynamic data, blood biochemistry, ox-LDL level, oxidative stress markers, severity of hepatic encephalopathy and abnormal angiogenesis of BDL rats were measured and compared to the control group. BDL rats presented cirrhotic pictures and elevated ammonia, total cholesterol, LDL and ox-LDL levels compared to the control group. Alirocumab decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and oxidative stress markers; however, it did not affect the hemodynamics, liver and renal biochemistry, and the plasma levels of ammonia and ox-LDL. The motor activities, portal-systemic collaterals and mesenteric vascular density were not significantly different between alirocumab-treated and control groups. In addition, it did not affect hepatic inflammation, intrahepatic angiogenesis, liver fibrosis and free cholesterol accumulation in the liver of BDL rats. In conclusion, PCSK9 inhibition by alirocumab treatment ameliorates hyperlipidemia and systemic oxidative stress in biliary cirrhotic rats. However, it does not affect the plasma level of ox-LDL, intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, PCSK9 inhibition has a neutral effect on abnormal angiogenesis and hepatic encephalopathy in biliary cirrhotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jung Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28753253; Fax: +886-2-28757809
| | - Chiao-Lin Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (S.-J.H.); (C.-L.C.); (M.-C.H.); (F.-Y.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Sv I, Ru O, Kn K, Ib A, Demorzhi MS, Ta G, Sb S. Low molecular weight NGF mimetic GK-2 normalizes the parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and exhibits a hepatoprotective effect on a prediabetes model in obese Wistar rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1116-1125. [PMID: 35748804 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Signs of metabolic syndrome and prediabetes preceding type 2 diabetes are modelled in an experiment using a high-fat diet (HFD). The aim of this work was to study the effect of a low molecular weight systemically active nerve growth factor mimetic, compound GK-2 (hexamethylenediamide bis(N-monosuccinyl-L-glutamyl-L-lysine)), on indicators of abdominal obesity, basal blood glucose level, glucose tolerance, cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels, as well as the morphological structure of the liver in male Wistar rats fed a HFD. Rats were divided into three groups: one of them received standard food (control) and two others were fed a HFD containing 45% fat, 35% carbohydrates and 20% protein, with a total caloric value of 516 kcal/100 g, over 12 weeks. Starting from the 9th week, for the next 4 weeks, one of the HFD groups was treated orally with saline whilst the other group was treated orally with GK-2 at a dose of 5 mg/kg. GK-2 was found to reduce the basal glycemia level and improve glucose tolerance, as well as to reduce the blood level of cholesterol by 30% and that of triglycerides by 28% in comparison with the saline-treated HFD animals. GK-2 reduced the degree of abdominal obesity to the level of the healthy animals and eliminated morphological abnormalities in the liver caused by the HFD. The results of the study determine the feasibility of further GK-2 research as a potential agent for prediabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanov Sv
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ostrovskaya Ru
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kolyasnikova Kn
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alchinova Ib
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Demorzhi
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gudasheva Ta
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Seredenin Sb
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Acupuncture Treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:5259088. [PMID: 35782337 PMCID: PMC9242809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5259088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acupuncture is a long-established treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of NAFLD, and a certain degree of progress has been made in the study of related mechanisms. However, previous systematic reviews have not discussed the characteristics and the related mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, this review synthesizes the progress in research on acupuncture in the context of NAFLD treatment by the inhibition of inflammatory responses, regulation of lipid metabolism disorder, treatment of insulin resistance, antagonization of oxidative stress injury, and interference with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Overall, we sought to highlight the latest research results, potential applications, and ongoing challenges of this therapy.
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El-Kassas M, Awad A. Metabolic aspects of hepatitis C virus. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2429-2436. [PMID: 35979265 PMCID: PMC9258278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i22.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many metabolic factors are associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and can influence the course of the illness and impact the progression of liver and non-liver-related diseases through complex interactions. Several of these factors impact the course of chronic HCV (CHC) and result in the conceptual translation of CHC from a localized to systemic disease. Besides the traditional liver manifestations associated with CHC infection, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, various extrahepatic disorders are associated with HCV infection, including atherosclerosis, glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances, alterations in the iron metabolic pathways, and lymphoproliferative diseases. The coexistence of metabolic disorders and CHC is known to influence the chronicity and virulence of HCV and accelerates the progression to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Insulin resistance is one of the key factors that have a tremendous metabolic impact on CHC. Therefore, there is a great need to properly evaluate patients with CHC infection and correct the modifiable metabolic risk factors. Furthermore, patients with HCV who achieved a sustained virological response showed an overall improvement in glucose metabolism, but the exact evidence still requires further studies with long-term follow-up. This review delineates the most recent evidence on the main metabolic factors associated with CHC and the possible influence of chronic HCV infection on metabolic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Kassas
- Department of Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Abeer Awad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Szkudelska K, Szkudelski T. The anti-diabetic potential of betaine. Mechanisms of action in rodent models of type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112946. [PMID: 35413601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine (N, N, N-trimethylglycine) is an amino-acid derivative exerting numerous beneficial effects on the organism. This compound is found in human and animal diets but is also endogenously generated. However, its synthesis may be insufficient to maintain or improve health. Moreover, the tissue content of betaine reduces under some pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. This decrease may be, however, easily alleviated by dietary betaine supplementation. Rodent studies provided evidence that betaine effectively limits many diabetes-related disturbances. Betaine therapy improves glucose tolerance and insulin action, which is strongly associated with changes in insulin-sensitive tissues, such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Betaine supplementation positively affects multiple genes, which expression is dysregulated in diabetes. AMP-activated protein kinase is thought to play a central role in the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic betaine action. Moreover, studies with animal models of type 2 diabetes have shown that betaine exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, and also alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress. These changes contribute to improved insulin sensitivity and better blood glucose clearance. The results of animal studies encourage the exploration of the therapeutic betaine efficacy in humans with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szkudelska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease defined by excess fat deposition in the liver. The course of NAFLD is not fully understood, however, some pathogenic mechanisms have been identified. Accumulation of fat in liver cells is associated with insulin resistance, central obesity, triglyceride accumulation in the liver and hepatic fatty acid metabolism dysregulation that cause steatosis. The other process leads to hepatocyte inflammation and necrosis, which leads to severe hepatic disease; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Many clinical studies have underlined the link between NAFLD and atherosclerosis. NAFLD may alter the balance lipid-glucose metabolism as well as increase the risk of hypertension and systemic inflammation. This results in a greater risk of vascular events. The present review considers the link between NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Balta
- Department of Cardiology, Hayat Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
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Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, Saeed NK. Insulin-resistance in paediatric age: Its magnitude and implications. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:282-307. [PMID: 35582667 PMCID: PMC9052009 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i4.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is insulin failure in normal plasma levels to adequately stimulate glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues. IR is becoming more common in children and adolescents than before. There is a strong association between obesity in children and adolescents, IR, and the metabolic syndrome components. IR shows marked variation among different races, crucial to understanding the possible cardiovascular risk, specifically in high-risk races or ethnic groups. Genetic causes of IR include insulin receptor mutations, mutations that stimulate autoantibody production against insulin receptors, or mutations that induce the formation of abnormal glucose transporter 4 molecules or plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 molecules; all induce abnormal energy pathways and end with the development of IR. The parallel increase of IR syndrome with the dramatic increase in the rate of obesity among children in the last few decades indicates the importance of environmental factors in increasing the rate of IR. Most patients with IR do not develop diabetes mellitus (DM) type-II. However, IR is a crucial risk factor to develop DM type-II in children. Diagnostic standards for IR in children are not yet established due to various causes. Direct measures of insulin sensitivity include the hyperinsulinemia euglycemic glucose clamp and the insulin-suppression test. Minimal model analysis of frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test provide an indirect estimate of metabolic insulin sensitivity/resistance. The main aim of the treatment of IR in children is to prevent the progression of compensated IR to decompensated IR, enhance insulin sensitivity, and treat possible complications. There are three main lines for treatment: Lifestyle and behavior modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. This review will discuss the magnitude, implications, diagnosis, and treatment of IR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
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Mitophagy Mediates the Beige to White Transition of Human Primary Subcutaneous Adipocytes Ex Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030363. [PMID: 35337160 PMCID: PMC8948887 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes have multilocular lipid droplets, express uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, and promote energy expenditure. In rodents, when the stimulus of browning subsides, parkin-dependent mitophagy is activated and dormant beige adipocytes persist. In humans, however, the molecular events during the beige to white transition have not been studied in detail. In this study, human primary subcutaneous abdominal preadipocytes were differentiated to beige for 14 days, then either the beige culture conditions were applied for an additional 14 days or it was replaced by a white medium. Control white adipocytes were differentiated by their specific cocktail for 28 days. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-driven beige differentiation resulted in increased mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP1 expression, fragmentation, and respiration as compared to white. Morphology, UCP1 content, mitochondrial fragmentation, and basal respiration of the adipocytes that underwent transition, along with the induction of mitophagy, were similar to control white adipocytes. However, white converted beige adipocytes had a stronger responsiveness to dibutyril-cAMP, which mimics adrenergic stimulus, than the control white ones. Gene expression patterns showed that the removal of mitochondria in transitioning adipocytes may involve both parkin-dependent and -independent pathways. Preventing the entry of beige adipocytes into white transition can be a feasible way to maintain elevated thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
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The Coexistence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051375. [PMID: 35268466 PMCID: PMC8910939 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing worldwide. Epidemiological data suggest a strong relationship between NAFLD and T2DM. This is associated with common risk factors and pathogenesis, where obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia play pivotal roles. Expanding knowledge on the coexistence of NAFLD and T2DM could not only protect against liver damage and glucotoxicity, but may also theoretically prevent the subsequent occurrence of other diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders, as well as influence morbidity and mortality rates. In everyday clinical practice, underestimation of this problem is still observed. NAFLD is not looked for in T2DM patients; on the contrary, diagnosis for glucose metabolism disturbances is usually not performed in patients with NAFLD. However, simple and cost-effective methods of detection of fatty liver in T2DM patients are still needed, especially in outpatient settings. The treatment of NAFLD, especially where it coexists with T2DM, consists mainly of lifestyle modification. It is also suggested that some drugs, including hypoglycemic agents, may be used to treat NAFLD. Therefore, the aim of this review is to detail current knowledge of NAFLD and T2DM comorbidity, its prevalence, common pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, complications and treatment, with special attention to outpatient clinics.
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Jia J, Liu R, Wei W, Yu F, Yu X, Shen Y, Chen C, Cai Z, Wang C, Zhao Z, Wang D, Yang L, Yuan G. Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio at the Nexus of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 12:762242. [PMID: 34975521 PMCID: PMC8718696 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) as a novel inflammatory biomarker has drawn lots of attention. This study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to investigate the correlation between MHR and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods: Totally, 1,051 patients with T2DM from the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University were enrolled and classified as MAFLD (n = 745) group and non-MAFLD (n = 306) group according to the MAFLD diagnostic criteria. In contrast, patients were also separated into four groups based on MHR quartiles. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed. The visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) of participants were measured by dual bioelectrical impedance. Fatty liver was assessed by ultrasonography. Results: The MHR level of subjects in the MAFLD group was statistically greater than that in the non-MAFLD group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MHR was higher in the overweight or obese MAFLD group compared with that in the lean MAFLD group (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC Curve (AUC) assessed by MHR was larger than that of other inflammatory markers (P < 0.01). The cutoff value of MHR was 0.388, with a sensitivity of 61.74% and a specificity of 56.54%. For further study, binary logistic regression analyses of MAFLD as a dependent variable, the relationship between MHR and MAFLD was significant (P < 0.01). After adjusting for many factors, the relationship still existed. In the four groups based on MHR quartiles, groups with higher values of MHR had a significantly higher prevalence of MAFLD (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with obese MAFLD increased as the MHR level increased (P < 0.01). Among different quartiles of MHR, it showed that with the increasing of MHR, the percentage of patients with MAFLD who had more than four metabolic dysfunction indicators increased, which was 46.39, 60.52, 66.79, and 79.91%, respectively, in each quartile. Conclusion: Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is a simple and practicable inflammatory parameter that could be used for assessing MAFLD in T2DM. T2DM patients with higher MHR have more possibility to be diagnosed as MAFLD. Therefore, more attention should be given to the indicator in the examination of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruoshuang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiawen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yirong Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Caiqin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhensheng Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Passarelli M, Machado UF. AGEs-Induced and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Inflammation-Mediated Regulation of GLUT4 Expression and Atherogenesis in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 11:104. [PMID: 35011666 PMCID: PMC8750246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, complex and exquisite pathways involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inflammatory stress responses have been demonstrated to participate in the development and progression of numerous diseases, among them diabetes mellitus (DM). In those pathways, several players participate in both, reflecting a complicated interplay between ER and inflammatory stress. In DM, ER and inflammatory stress are involved in both the pathogenesis of the loss of glycemic control and the development of degenerative complications. Furthermore, hyperglycemia increases the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which in turn refeed ER and inflammatory stress, contributing to worsening glycemic homeostasis and to accelerating the development of DM complications. In this review, we present the current knowledge regarding AGEs-induced and ER/inflammation-mediated regulation of the expression of GLUT4 (solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4), as a marker of glycemic homeostasis and of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development/progression, as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
- Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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