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Mollarasouli F, Bahrani S, Amrollahimiyandeh Y, Paimard G. Nanomaterials-based immunosensors for avian influenza virus detection. Talanta 2024; 279:126591. [PMID: 39059066 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are capable of infecting a considerable proportion of the world's population each year, leading to severe epidemics with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The methods now used to diagnose influenza virus A include the Western blot test (WB), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). But because of their labor-intensiveness, lengthy procedures, need for costly equipment, and inexperienced staff, these approaches are considered inappropriate. The present review elucidates the recent advancements in the field of avian influenza detection through the utilization of nanomaterials-based immunosensors between 2014 and 2024. The classification of detection techniques has been taken into account to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature. The review encompasses a detailed illustration of the commonly employed detection mechanisms in immunosensors, namely, colorimetry, fluorescence assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), electrochemical detection, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) piezoelectric, and field-effect transistor (FET). Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects for the immunosensors have been deliberated upon. The present review aims to enhance the understanding of immunosensors-based sensing platforms for virus detection and to stimulate the development of novel immunosensors by providing novel ideas and inspirations. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an updated information about biosensors, as a recent detection technique of influenza with its details regarding the various types of biosensors, which can be used for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Bahrani
- Borjobaru Fars Company, Nanotechnology Department, Fars Science and Technology Park, Shiraz, 7197687811, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yousef Amrollahimiyandeh
- Borjobaru Fars Company, Nanotechnology Department, Fars Science and Technology Park, Shiraz, 7197687811, Iran
| | - Giti Paimard
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biosensing and Bioimaging (NBAB), School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry, and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
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Mohtasham H, Bahari D, Keihan AH, Salimi A, Mehrebani RT, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M. Magnetic N-doped carbon derived from mixed ligands MOF as effective electrochemiluminescence coreactor for performance enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 immunosensor. Talanta 2024; 277:126252. [PMID: 38805948 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 as an infectious disease with rapid transmission speed is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), so, early and accurate diagnostics of COVID-19 is quite challenging. In this work, the selective and sensitive self-enhanced ECL method to detect of SARS-CoV-2 protein was designed with magnetic N-doped carbon derived from dual-ligand metal-organic frameworks (MOF) (CoO@N-C) with the primary and tertiary amino groups as a novel coreactant that covalently combined with Ru(bpy)2(phen-NH2)2+ as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter. Mixed-ligand strategy and selected nitrogen-containing ligands, 4,4',4''-((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tris-(azanediyl)) tribenzoic acid (H3TATAB) with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (BDC-NH2) were used for synthesis of the proposed MOF. Also, magnetic CoO@N-C with high synergistically charge transfer kinetics and good stability can be used as an effective platform/coreactor on the ITO electrode which load more Ru-complex as signal producing compound and SARS-CoV-2 N protein antibody to increase the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Furthermore, (CoO@N-C) as coreactor improved the ECL signal of the Ru (II)-complex more than 2.1 folds compared to tripropylamine. In view of these competences, the novel "on-off" ECL biosensor performed with great stability and repeatability for detection of SARS-CoV-2 protein, which exhibited a broad linearity from 8 fg. mL-1 to 4 ng. mL-1 (6 order of magnitude) and an ultra-low limit of detection 1.6 fg. mL-1. Finally, this proposed method was successfully applied to detect of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in serum sample with satisfactory results, indicating the proposed immunosensor has the potential for quick analysis of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohtasham
- Student Research Committee, Baqiytallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delnia Bahari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Keihan
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Reza Tarbiat Mehrebani
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111 Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mikaeeli Kangarshahi B, Naghib SM, Rabiee N. DNA/RNA-based electrochemical nanobiosensors for early detection of cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:473-495. [PMID: 38450458 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2321202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, serve as versatile recognition elements in electrochemical biosensors, demonstrating notable efficacy in detecting various cancer biomarkers with high sensitivity and selectivity. These biosensors offer advantages such as cost-effectiveness, rapid response, ease of operation, and minimal sample preparation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors for cancer diagnosis, comparing them with antibody-based counterparts. Specific examples targeting key cancer biomarkers, including prostate-specific antigen, microRNA-21, and carcinoembryonic antigen, are highlighted. The discussion delves into challenges and limitations, encompassing stability, reproducibility, interference, and standardization issues. The review suggests future research directions, exploring new nucleic acid recognition elements, innovative transducer materials and designs, novel signal amplification strategies, and integration with microfluidic devices or portable instruments. Evaluating these biosensors in clinical settings using actual samples from cancer patients or healthy donors is emphasized. These sensors are sensitive and specific at detecting non-communicable and communicable disease biomarkers. DNA and RNA's self-assembly, programmability, catalytic activity, and dynamic behavior enable adaptable sensing platforms. They can increase biosensor biocompatibility, stability, signal transduction, and amplification with nanomaterials. In conclusion, nucleic acids-based electrochemical biosensors hold significant potential to enhance cancer detection and treatment through early and accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Mikaeeli Kangarshahi
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Viter R, Tepliakova I, Drobysh M, Zbolotnii V, Rackauskas S, Ramanavicius S, Grundsteins K, Liustrovaite V, Ramanaviciene A, Ratautaite V, Brazys E, Chen CF, Prentice U, Ramanavicius A. Photoluminescence-based biosensor for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins by ZnO tetrapod structure integrated within microfluidic system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173333. [PMID: 38763199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports on development of an optical biosensor for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins in blood serum. ZnO nanotetrapods with high surface area and stable room temperature photoluminescence (PL) were selected as transducers. Structure and optical properties of the ZnO tetrapods have been studied by XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. Crystallinity, dimensions and emission peaks of the ZnO tetrapods were determined. The ZnO tetrapods were fixed on glass chip. Silanization of ZnO tetrapods surface resulted in forming of functional surface groups suitable for the immobilization of bioselective layer. Two types of recombinant proteins (rS and rN) have been used to form bioselective layer on the surface of the ZnO tetrapods. Flow through microfluidic system, integrated with optical system, has been used for the determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins present in blood samples. The SARS-CoV-2 probes, prepared in PBS solution, have been injected into the measurement chamber with a constant pumping speed. Steady-state photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence kinetics have been studied before and after injection of the probes. The biosensor signal has been tested to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the range of 0.001 nM-1 nM. Control measurements have been performed with blood serum of healthy person. ZnO-SARS-CoV-2-rS and ZnO-SARS-CoV-2-rN biosensors showed high stability and sensitivity to anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the range of 0.025-0.5 nM (LOD 0.01 nM) and 0.3-1 nM (LOD 0.3 nM), respectively. Gibbs free energy of interaction between ZnO/SARS-CoV-2-rS and ZnO/SARS-CoV-2-rN bioselective layers with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies showed -35.5 and -21.4 kJ/mol, respectively. Average detection time of biosensor integrated within microfluidic system was 15-20 min. The detection time and pumping speed (50 μL/min) were optimized to make detection faster. The developed system and ZnO-SARS-CoV-2-rS nanostructures have good potential for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from patient's probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Iryna Tepliakova
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktor Zbolotnii
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simas Rackauskas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karlis Grundsteins
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Brazys
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Urte Prentice
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Lisyte V, Kausaite-Minkstimiene A, Brasiunas B, Popov A, Ramanaviciene A. Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor for Direct Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8574. [PMID: 39201259 PMCID: PMC11354133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The strong immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is widely recognized, and the detection of specific antibodies is critical for COVID-19 diagnostics in patients. This research proposed direct, label-free, and sensitive detection of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (anti-SCoV2-rN). Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (SCoV2-rN) was immobilized by carbodiimide chemistry on an SPR sensor chip coated with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. When immobilized under optimal conditions, a SCoV2-rN surface mass concentration of 3.61 ± 0.52 ng/mm2 was achieved, maximizing the effectiveness of the immunosensor for the anti-SCoV2-rN determination. The calculated KD value of 6.49 × 10-8 ± 5.3 × 10-9 M confirmed the good affinity of the used monoclonal anti-SCoV2-rN antibodies. The linear range of the developed immunosensor was from 0.5 to 50 nM of anti-SCoV2-rN, where the limit of detection and the limit of quantification values were 0.057 and 0.19 nM, respectively. The immunosensor exhibited good reproducibility and specificity. In addition, the developed immunosensor is suitable for multiple anti-SCoV2-rN antibody detections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anton Popov
- NanoTechnas–Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.L.); (A.K.-M.); (B.B.)
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas–Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.L.); (A.K.-M.); (B.B.)
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Chiu CT, Tsai HH, Chen JY, Hu CMJ, Chen HW. An Immunoreceptor-Targeting Strategy with Minimalistic C3b Peptide Fusion Enhances SARS-CoV-2 RBD mRNA Vaccine Immunogenicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7201-7214. [PMID: 39050877 PMCID: PMC11268571 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical success of mRNA vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic has inspired emerging approaches to elevate mRNA vaccine immunogenicity. Among them, antigen fusion protein designs for improved immune cell targeting have been shown to augment humoral immunity against small antigen targets. Methods This research demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) fusion with a minimalistic peptide segment of complement component 3b (C3b, residues 727-767) ligand can improve mRNA vaccine immunogenicity through antigen targeting to complement receptor 1 (CR1). We affirm vaccines' antigenicity and targeting ability towards specific receptors through Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, mice immunization studies help the investigation of the antibody responses. Results Using SARS-CoV-2 Omicron RBD antigen, we compare mRNA vaccine formulations expressing RBD fusion protein with mouse C3b peptide (RBD-mC3), RBD fusion protein with mouse Fc (RBD-Fc), and wild-type RBD. Our results confirm the proper antigenicity and normal functionality of RBD-mC3. Upon validating comparable antigen expression by the different vaccine formulations, receptor-targeting capability of the fusion antigens is further confirmed. In mouse immunization studies, we show that while both RBD-mC3 and RBD-Fc elevate vaccine immunogenicity, RBD-mC3 leads to more sustained RBD-specific titers over the RBD-Fc design, presumably due to reduced antigenic diversion by the minimalistic targeting ligand. Conclusion The study demonstrates a novel C3b-based antigen design strategy for immune cell targeting and mRNA vaccine enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ta Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Scaccia N, da Silva Fonseca JV, Megueya AL, de Aragão GL, Rasolofoarison T, de Paula AV, de Vinci Kanda Kupa L, Tchatchueng J, Makuetche K, Rasolojaona TZ, Rasamoelina T, Razzolini MTP, Duarte NJC, Mendes-Correa MC, Samison LH, Guimaraes T, Sabino EC, Komurian-Pradel F, Nzouankeu A, Costa SF. Analysis of chlorhexidine, antibiotics and bacterial community composition in water environments from Brazil, Cameroon and Madagascar during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173016. [PMID: 38723967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The widespread of chlorhexidine and antibiotics in the water bodies, which grew during the global COVID-19 pandemic, can increase the dispersion of antibiotic resistance. We assessed the occurrence of these pharmaceutical compounds as well as SARS-CoV-2 and analysed the bacterial community structure of hospital and urban wastewaters from Brazil, Cameroon, and Madagascar. Water and wastewater samples (n = 59) were collected between January-June 2022. Chlorhexidine, azithromycin, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin and meropenem were screened by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. SARS-CoV-2 was detected based on the nucleocapsid gene (in Cameroon and Madagascar), and envelope and spike protein-encoding genes (in Brazil). The total community-DNA was extracted and used for bacterial community analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene. To unravel likely interaction between pharmaceutical compounds and/or SARS-CoV-2 with the water bacterial community, multivariate statistics were performed. Chlorhexidine was found in hospital wastewater effluent from Brazil with a maximum concentration value of 89.28 μg/L. Additionally, antibiotic residues such as azithromycin and levofloxacin were also present at concentrations between 0.32-7.37 μg/L and 0.11-118.91 μg/L, respectively. In Cameroon, azithromycin was the most found antibiotic present at concentrations from 1.14 to 1.21 μg/L. In Madagascar instead, ceftriaxone (0.68-11.53 μg/L) and levofloxacin (0.15-0.30 μg/L) were commonly found. The bacterial phyla statistically significant different (P < 0,05) among participating countries were Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria and Dependentiae which were mainly abundant in waters sampled in Africa and, other phyla such as Firmicutes, Campylobacterota and Fusobacteriota were more abundant in Brazil. The phylum Caldisericota was only found in raw hospital wastewater samples from Madagascar. The canonical correspondence analysis results suggest significant correlation of azithromycin, meropenem and levofloxacin with bacteria families such as Enterococcaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Deinococcaceae, Thermacetogeniaceae and Desulfomonilaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Methanosaetaceae, Synergistaceae, respectively. Water samples were also positive for SARS-CoV-2 with the lowest number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Madagascar (n = 7) and Brazil (n = 30). Our work provides new data about the bacterial community profile and the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the hospital effluents from Brazil, Cameroon, and Madagascar, whose limited information is available. These compounds can exacerbate the spreading of antibiotic resistance and therefore pose a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Scaccia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joyce Vanessa da Silva Fonseca
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Armelle Leslie Megueya
- Department of Hygiene and Environment Microbiology Section, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, 451, Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Gabrielly Lacerda de Aragão
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiavina Rasolofoarison
- Charles Merieux Center of Infectious Disease, University of Antananarivo, Ankatso University Campus, BP 4299, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Léonard de Vinci Kanda Kupa
- Central Laboratory Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 155, 01246-100 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jules Tchatchueng
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, 451, Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Kévine Makuetche
- Department of Hygiene and Environment Microbiology Section, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, 451, Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Tahiry Z Rasolojaona
- Charles Merieux Center of Infectious Disease, University of Antananarivo, Ankatso University Campus, BP 4299, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Tahinamandranto Rasamoelina
- Charles Merieux Center of Infectious Disease, University of Antananarivo, Ankatso University Campus, BP 4299, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilo José Coelho Duarte
- Central Laboratory Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 155, 01246-100 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luc Hervé Samison
- Charles Merieux Center of Infectious Disease, University of Antananarivo, Ankatso University Campus, BP 4299, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Thais Guimaraes
- Infection Control Committee Hospital das clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ariane Nzouankeu
- Department of Hygiene and Environment Microbiology Section, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, PO Box 1274, Yaounde, 451, Rue 2005, Yaounde 2, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cerdeira Ferreira LM, Lima D, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF, Kuss S, Campanhã Vicentini F. Cutting-edge biorecognition strategies to boost the detection performance of COVID-19 electrochemical biosensors: A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 157:108632. [PMID: 38181592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are known for their high sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost. Recently, they have gained significant attention and became particularly important as promising tools for the detection of COVID-19 biomarkers, since they offer a rapid and accurate means of diagnosis. Biorecognition strategies are a crucial component of electrochemical biosensors and determine their specificity and sensitivity based on the interaction of biological molecules, such as antibodies, enzymes, and DNA, with target analytes (e.g., viral particles, proteins and genetic material) to create a measurable signal. Different biorecognition strategies have been developed to enhance the performance of electrochemical biosensors, including direct, competitive, and sandwich binding, alongside nucleic acid hybridization mechanisms and gene editing systems. In this review article, we present the different strategies used in electrochemical biosensors to target SARS-CoV-2 and other COVID-19 biomarkers, as well as explore the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and highlight recent progress in this field. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with developing electrochemical biosensors for clinical COVID-19 diagnosis and their widespread commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Marcos Cerdeira Ferreira
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Dhésmon Lima
- Laboratory for Bioanalytics and Electrochemical Sensing (LBES), Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio Fernando Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE) Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sabine Kuss
- Laboratory for Bioanalytics and Electrochemical Sensing (LBES), Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fernando Campanhã Vicentini
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Yadav AK, Basavegowda N, Shirin S, Raju S, Sekar R, Somu P, Uthappa UT, Abdi G. Emerging Trends of Gold Nanostructures for Point-of-Care Biosensor-Based Detection of COVID-19. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01157-y. [PMID: 38703305 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In 2019, a worldwide pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged. SARS-CoV-2 is the deadly microorganism responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caused millions of deaths and irreversible health problems worldwide. To restrict the spread of SARS-CoV-2, accurate detection of COVID-19 is essential for the identification and control of infected cases. Although recent detection technologies such as the real-time polymerase chain reaction delivers an accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, they require a long processing duration, expensive equipment, and highly skilled personnel. Therefore, a rapid diagnosis with accurate results is indispensable to offer effective disease suppression. Nanotechnology is the backbone of current science and technology developments including nanoparticles (NPs) that can biomimic the corona and develop deep interaction with its proteins because of their identical structures on the nanoscale. Various NPs have been extensively applied in numerous medical applications, including implants, biosensors, drug delivery, and bioimaging. Among them, point-of-care biosensors mediated with gold nanoparticles (GNPSs) have received great attention due to their accurate sensing characteristics, which are widely used in the detection of amino acids, enzymes, DNA, and RNA in samples. GNPS have reconstructed the biomedical application of biosensors because of its outstanding physicochemical characteristics. This review provides an overview of emerging trends in GNP-mediated point-of-care biosensor strategies for diagnosing various mutated forms of human coronaviruses that incorporate different transducers and biomarkers. The review also specifically highlights trends in gold nanobiosensors for coronavirus detection, ranging from the initial COVID-19 outbreak to its subsequent evolution into a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 413310, Taiwan
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38451, Republic of Korea
| | - Saba Shirin
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201312, India
| | - Shiji Raju
- Bioengineering and Nano Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rajkumar Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603308, India
| | - Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Off. Jaipur-Ajmeer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
| | - U T Uthappa
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
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10
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Drobysh M, Ratautaite V, Brazys E, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Molecularly imprinted composite-based biosensor for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116043. [PMID: 38368643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This article aims to present a comparative study of three polypyrrole-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) systems for the detection of the recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (rN). The rN is known for its relatively low propensity to mutate compared to other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The aforementioned systems include screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified with gold nanostructures (MIP1), platinum nanostructures (MIP2), and the unmodified SPCE (MIP3), which was used for control. Pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) was employed as the detection technique, offering the advantage of label-free detection without the need for an additional redox probe. Calibration curves were constructed using the obtained data to evaluate the response of each system. Non-imprinted systems were also tested in parallel to evaluate the contribution of non-specific binding and assess the affinity sensor's efficiency. The analysis of calibration curves revealed that the AuNS-based MIP1 system exhibited the lowest contribution of non-specific binding and displayed a better fit with the chosen fitting model compared to the other systems. Further analysis of this system included determining the limit of detection (LOD) (51.2 ± 2.8 pg/mL), the limit of quantification (LOQ) (153.9 ± 8.3 pg/mL), and a specificity test using a recombinant receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a control. Based on the results, the AuNS-based MIP1 system demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for the label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. The utilization of PAD without the need for additional redox probes makes this sensing system convenient and valuable for rapid and accurate virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Brazys
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences (FTMC), Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania; Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University (VU), Naugarduko Str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, LT-03225, Lithuania.
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11
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Kumar A, Tripathi P, Kumar P, Shekhar R, Pathak R. From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:459. [PMID: 38793710 PMCID: PMC11125746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial to comprehending disease progression and the significance of vaccine and therapeutic development. The emergence of highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge to humoral immunity, underscoring the necessity of grasping the intricacies of specific antibodies. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of antibodies in shaping immune responses and their implications for diagnosing, preventing, and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into the kinetics and characteristics of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing their strengths, clinical utility, and limitations. Furthermore, we underscore the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, discussing various antibody-based therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, and hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, we offer insights into antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, emphasizing the significance of neutralizing antibodies in order to confer immunity to SARS-CoV-2, along with emerging variants of concern (VOCs) and circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges in the field, such as the risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and shed light on the challenges associated with the original antigenic sin (OAS) effect and long COVID. Overall, this review intends to provide valuable insights, which are crucial to advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient antibody-based therapeutics, and developing effective vaccines to combat the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida 201309, India
| | - Prajna Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ritu Shekhar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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12
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Sadique MA, Yadav S, Khan R, Srivastava AK. Engineered two-dimensional nanomaterials based diagnostics integrated with internet of medical things (IoMT) for COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3774-3828. [PMID: 38433614 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
More than four years have passed since an inimitable coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in 2019 after an uncontrolled transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The occurrence of this highly contagious respiratory infectious disease led to chaos and mortality all over the world. The peak paradigm shift of the researchers was inclined towards the accurate and rapid detection of diseases. Since 2019, there has been a boost in the diagnostics of COVID-19 via numerous conventional diagnostic tools like RT-PCR, ELISA, etc., and advanced biosensing kits like LFIA, etc. For the same reason, the use of nanotechnology and two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) has aided in the fabrication of efficient diagnostic tools to combat COVID-19. This article discusses the engineering techniques utilized for fabricating chemically active E2DNMs that are exceptionally thin and irregular. The techniques encompass the introduction of heteroatoms, intercalation of ions, and the design of strain and defects. E2DNMs possess unique characteristics, including a substantial surface area and controllable electrical, optical, and bioactive properties. These characteristics enable the development of sophisticated diagnostic platforms for real-time biosensors with exceptional sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Integrating the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with these E2DNMs-based advanced diagnostics has led to the development of portable, real-time, scalable, more accurate, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic platforms. These diagnostic platforms have the potential to revolutionize SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by making it faster, easier, and more accessible to people worldwide, thus making them ideal for resource-limited settings. These advanced IoMT diagnostic platforms may help with combating SARS-CoV-2 as well as tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics, ultimately saving lives and mitigating their impact on global health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shalu Yadav
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish K Srivastava
- CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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13
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Zhang X, Yarman A, Kovács N, Bognár Z, Gyurcsányi RE, Bier FF, Scheller FW. Specific features of epitope-MIPs and whole-protein MIPs as illustrated for AFP and RBD of SARS-CoV-2. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:242. [PMID: 38573524 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanofilms for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 using either a peptide (epitope-MIP) or the whole protein (protein-MIP) as the template were prepared by electropolymerization of scopoletin. Conducting atomic force microscopy revealed after template removal and electrochemical deposition of gold a larger surface density of imprinted cavities for the epitope-imprinted polymers than when using the whole protein as template. However, comparable affinities towards the respective target protein (AFP and RBD) were obtained for both types of MIPs as expressed by the KD values in the lower nanomolar range. On the other hand, while the cross reactivity of both protein-MIPs towards human serum albumin (HSA) amounts to around 50% in the saturation region, the nonspecific binding to the respective epitope-MIPs is as low as that for the non-imprinted polymer (NIP). This effect might be caused by the different sizes of the imprinted cavities. Thus, in addition to the lower costs the reduced nonspecific binding is an advantage of epitope-imprinted polymers for the recognition of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Cad. Beykoz, Istanbul, 34820, Turkey
| | - Norbert Kovács
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bognár
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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14
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Adamopoulos PG, Diamantopoulos MA, Boti MA, Zafeiriadou A, Galani A, Kostakis M, Markou A, Sideris DC, Avgeris M, Thomaidis NS, Scorilas A. Spike-Seq: An amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing approach for the sensitive detection and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variations in environmental samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169747. [PMID: 38159750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ever since the outbreak of COVID-19 disease in Wuhan, China, different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been identified. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), an approach that has been successfully applied in numerous case studies worldwide, offers a cost-effective and rapid way for monitoring trends of SARS-Cov-2 in the community level without selection bias. Despite being a gold-standard procedure, WBE is a challenging approach due to the sample instability and the moderate efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in wastewater. In the present study, we introduce Spike-Seq, a custom amplicon-based approach for the S gene sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples, which enables not only the accurate identification of the existing Spike-related genetic markers, but also the estimation of their frequency in the investigated samples. The implementation of Spike-Seq involves the combination of nested PCR-based assays that efficiently amplify the entire nucleotide sequence of the S gene and next-generation sequencing, which enables the variant detection and the estimation of their frequency. In the framework of the current work, Spike-Seq was performed to investigate the mutational profile of SARS-CoV-2 in samples from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Athens, Greece, which originated from multiple timepoints, ranging from March 2021 until July 2022. Our findings demonstrate that Spike-Seq efficiently detected major genetic markers of B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.617.2 (Delta) as well as B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants in wastewater samples and provided their frequency levels, showing similar variant distributions with the published clinical data from the National Public Health organization. The presented approach can prove to be a useful tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in challenging wastewater samples and the identification of the existing genetic variants of S gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios A Diamantopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michaela A Boti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zafeiriadou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Galani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Kostakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Markou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis C Sideris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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15
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Syafira RS, Devi MJ, Gaffar S, Irkham, Kurnia I, Arnafia W, Einaga Y, Syakir N, Noviyanti AR, Hartati YW. Hydroxyapatite-Gold Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Selective SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Immunosensor. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:950-960. [PMID: 38303668 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is still spreading worldwide; therefore, the need for rapid and accurate detection methods remains relevant to maintain the spread of this infectious disease. Electrochemical immunosensors are an alternative method for the rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Herein, we report the development of a screen-printed carbon electrode immunosensor using a hydroxyapatite-gold nanocomposite (SPCE/HA-Au) directly spray-coated with the immobilization receptor binding domain (RBD) Spike to increase the conductivity and surface electrode area. The HA-Au composite synthesis was optimized using the Box-Behnken method, and the resulting composite was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, TEM-EDX, and XRD analysis. The specific interaction of RBD Spike with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in a [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- solution redox system. The IgG was detected with a detection limit of 0.0561 pg mL-1, and the immunosensor had selectivity and stability of 103-122% and was stable until week 7 with the influence of storage conditions. Also, the immunosensor was tested using real samples from human serum, where the results were confirmed using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method and showed satisfactory results. Therefore, the developed electrochemical immunosensor can rapidly and accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratu Shifa Syafira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Melania Janisha Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Shabarni Gaffar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Irkham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Irwan Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Wyanda Arnafia
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, IPB University, Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Norman Syakir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Atiek Rostika Noviyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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16
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Medrano-Lopez JA, Villalpando I, Salazar MI, Torres-Torres C. Hierarchical Nanobiosensors at the End of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:108. [PMID: 38392027 PMCID: PMC10887370 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructures have played a key role in the development of different techniques to attack severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Some applications include masks, vaccines, and biosensors. The latter are of great interest for detecting diseases since some of their features allowed us to find specific markers in secretion samples such as saliva, blood, and even tears. Herein, we highlight how hierarchical nanoparticles integrated into two or more low-dimensional materials present outstanding advantages that are attractive for photonic biosensing using their nanoscale functions. The potential of nanohybrids with their superlative mechanical characteristics together with their optical and optoelectronic properties is discussed. The progress in the scientific research focused on using nanoparticles for biosensing a variety of viruses has become a medical milestone in recent years, and has laid the groundwork for future disease treatments. This perspective analyzes the crucial information about the use of hierarchical nanostructures in biosensing for the prevention, treatment, and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jael Abigail Medrano-Lopez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Isaela Villalpando
- Centro de Investigación para los Recursos Naturales, Salaices 33941, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Salazar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Carlos Torres-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Eléctrica, Unidad Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
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17
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Liu Y, Li Y, Hang Y, Wang L, Wang J, Bao N, Kim Y, Jang HW. Rapid assays of SARS-CoV-2 virus and noble biosensors by nanomaterials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:2. [PMID: 38190075 PMCID: PMC10774473 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 has spread rapidly across the world to form a global epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases. Increased investigations on diagnostic tools are currently implemented to assist rapid identification of the virus because mass and rapid diagnosis might be the best way to prevent the outbreak of the virus. This critical review discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications on the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 with three categories: rapid nuclear acid augmentation test, rapid immunoassay test and biosensors. Special efforts were put on enhancement of nanomaterials on biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and low-cost diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Future developments are suggested regarding potential candidates in hospitals, clinics and laboratories for control and prevention of large-scale epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- NantongEgens Biotechnology Co., LTD, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilong Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuteng Hang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- NantongEgens Biotechnology Co., LTD, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Bao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Ma S, Ren Q, Jiang L, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Zhang M. A triple-aptamer tetrahedral DNA nanostructures based carbon-nanotube-array transistor biosensor for rapid virus detection. Talanta 2024; 266:124973. [PMID: 37506519 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of infectious viruses cause enormous challenges to global public health. Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has severely threatened human health and resulted in the global pandemic. A strategy to detect SARS-CoV-2 with both fast sensing speed and high accuracy is urgently required. Here, rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen using carbon-nanotube-array-based thin-film transistor (CNT-array-based TFT) biosensors merged with tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) and triple aptamers is demonstrated for the first time. Compared with CNT-network-based TFT biosensors and metal-electrode-based CNT-TFT biosensors, the response of CNT-array-based TFT biosensors can be enhanced up to 102% for SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) detection, which is supported by its sensing mechanism. By combining TDNs with triple aptamers, the biosensor has realized the wildtype SARS-CoV-2 RBD detection in a broad detection range spanning eight orders of magnitude with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 10 aM (6 copies/μL) owing to the improved protein capture efficiency. Moreover, the triple-aptamer biosensor platform has achieved the detection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron RBD in a low LOD of 6 aM (3.6 copies/μL). Additionally, the CNT-array-based TFT biosensors have exhibited excellent specificity, enabling identification among SARS-CoV-2 antigen, SARS-CoV antigen and MERS-CoV antigen. The platform of CNT-array-based TFT biosensors combined with TDNs and triple aptamers provides a high-performance and rapid approach for SARS-CoV-2 detection, and its versatility by altering specific aptamers enables the possibility for rapid virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China; School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qinqi Ren
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Leying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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19
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Reinikovaite V, Matulevicius M, Elsakova A, Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Luksa A, Jafarov A, Slibinskas R, Ramanavicius A, Baradoke A. Electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy based determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166447. [PMID: 37604377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we are reporting a novel electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy (ECS) platform designed for the sensitive and label-free detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus spike protein (anti-rS) in diluted blood serum. The determination of anti-rS is crucial for identification individuals who have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus and may have acquired immunity. The rS protein was immobilized on a screen-printed carbon electrode, which was incubated in diluted blood serum containing anti-rS antibodies. Label-free ECS was applied for the determination of interaction between immobilized rS and free-standing anti-rS. Here reported bioanalytical platform demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting anti-rS, achieving a limit of detection of 4.38 nM. This versatile platform could be further enhanced by applying various electrode materials and adapting this platform to detect antibodies against some other proteins. Our findings have significant implications for the development of affordable, scalable biosensing platforms capable to provide rapid and accurate public health screening and monitoring, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Reinikovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Matas Matulevicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexandra Elsakova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maryia Drobysh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Luksa
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ali Jafarov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, 50412 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio ave. 3, 10007 Vilnius, Lithuania
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20
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Mazzaracchio V, Rios Maciel M, Porto Santos T, Toda-Peters K, Shen AQ. Duplex Electrochemical Microfluidic Sensor for COVID-19 Antibody Detection: Natural versus Vaccine-Induced Humoral Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207731. [PMID: 36916701 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid transmission and resilience of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led to urgent demands in monitoring humoral response for effective vaccine development, thus a multiplex co-detection platform to discriminate infection-induced from vaccine-induced antibodies is needed. Here a duplex electrochemical immunosensor for co-detection of anti-nucleocapsid IgG (N-IgG) and anti-spike IgG (S-IgG) is developed by using a two-working electrode system, via an indirect immunoassay, with antibody quantification obtained by differential pulse voltammetry. The screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are modified by carbon black and electrodeposited gold nanoflowers for maximized surface areas, enabling the construction of an immunological chain for S-IgG and N-IgG electrochemical detection with enhanced performance. Using an optimized immunoassay protocol, a wide linear range between 30-750 and 20-1000 ng mL-1 , and a limit of detection of 28 and 15 ng mL-1 are achieved to detect N-IgG and S-IgG simultaneously in serum samples. This duplex immunosensor is then integrated in a microfluidic device to obtain significantly reduced detection time (≤ 7 min) while maintaining its analytical performance. The duplex microfluidic immunosensor can be easily expanded into multiplex format to achieve high throughput screening for the sero-surveillance of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauricio Rios Maciel
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tatiana Porto Santos
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kazumi Toda-Peters
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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21
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Martins G, Galeski HR, Andrade GA, Valenga MGP, Ramos MK, Zarbin AJG, Janegitz BC, Müller-Santos M, de Souza EM, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF. One-step selective layer assemble: A versatile approach for the development of a SARS-CoV-2 electrochemical immunosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341726. [PMID: 37709467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of new viruses and diseases has made the development of rapid and reliable diagnostic tests crucial. In light of it, we proposed a new method for assembling an electrochemical immunosensor, based on a one-step approach for selective layer formation. For this purpose, a mixture containing the immobilizing agent (polyxydroxybutyrate, PHB) and the recognition element (antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein) was prepared and used to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode with electrodeposited graphene oxide, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein). Under optimum conditions, N-protein was successfully detected in three different matrixes - saliva, serum, and nasal swab, with the lowest detectable values of 50 pg mL-1, 1.0 ng mL-1, and 50 pg mL-1, respectively. Selectivity was assessed against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protein (RBD) and antibodies against yellow fever (YF), and no significant response was observed in presence of interferents, reinforcing the suitability of the proposed one-step approach for selective layer formation. The proposed biosensor was stable for up to 14 days, and the mixture was suitable for immunosensor preparation even after 60 days of preparation. The proposed assembly strategy reduces the cost, analysis time, and waste generation. This reduction is achieved through miniaturization, which results in the decreased use of reagents and sample volumes. Additionally, this approach enables healthcare diagnostics to be conducted in developing regions with limited resources. Therefore, the proposed one-step approach for selective layer formation is a suitable, simpler, and a reliable alternative for electrochemical immunosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Martins
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Helena R Galeski
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle A Andrade
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcia G P Valenga
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria K Ramos
- Grupo de Química de Materiais (GQM), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Aldo J G Zarbin
- Grupo de Química de Materiais (GQM), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Núcleo de Fixação de Nitrogênio (NFIX), Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), CP: 19046, CEP: 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanuel M de Souza
- Núcleo de Fixação de Nitrogênio (NFIX), Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), CP: 19046, CEP: 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Márcio F Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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22
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Jung J, Bong JH, Sung JS, Park JH, Kim TH, Kwon S, Kang MJ, Jose J, Pyun JC. Immunoaffinity biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-1 using screened Fv-antibodies from an autodisplayed Fv-antibody library. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115439. [PMID: 37301177 PMCID: PMC10223632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) was demonstrated using screened Fv-antibodies for SPR biosensor and impedance spectrometry. The Fv-antibody library was first prepared on the outer membrane of E. coli using autodisplay technology and the Fv-variants (clones) with a specific affinity toward the SARS-CoV-1 spike protein (SP) were screened using magnetic beads immobilized with the SP. Upon screening the Fv-antibody library, two target Fv-variants (clones) with a specific binding affinity toward the SARS-CoV-1 SP were determined and the Fv-antibodies on two clones were named "Anti-SP1" (with CDR3 amino acid sequence: 1GRTTG5NDRPD11Y) and "Anti-SP2" (with CDR3 amino acid sequence: 1CLRQA5GTADD11V). The binding affinities of the two screened Fv-variants (clones) were analyzed using flow cytometry and the binding constants (KD) were estimated to be 80.5 ± 3.6 nM for Anti-SP1 and 45.6 ± 8.9 nM for Anti-SP2 (n = 3). In addition, the Fv-antibody including three CDR regions (CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3) and frame regions (FRs) between the CDR regions was expressed as a fusion protein (Mw. 40.6 kDa) with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the KD values of the expressed Fv-antibodies toward the SP estimated to be 15.3 ± 1.5 nM for Anti-SP1 (n = 3) and 16.3 ± 1.7 nM for Anti-SP2 (n = 3). Finally, the expressed Fv-antibodies screened against SARS-CoV-1 SP (Anti-SP1 and Anti-SP2) were applied for the detection of SARS-CoV-1. Consequently, the detection of SARS-CoV-1 was demonstrated to be feasible using the SPR biosensor and impedance spectrometry utilizing the immobilized Fv-antibodies against the SARS-CoV-1 SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeong Soo Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soonil Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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23
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Tsounidi D, Angelopoulou M, Petrou P, Raptis I, Kakabakos S. Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein and Receptor Binding Domain by a Multi-Area Reflectance Spectroscopy Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:865. [PMID: 37754099 PMCID: PMC10526254 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the urgent need for point-of-care methods suitable for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of viral infections. To address this demand, we report the rapid, label-free simultaneous determination of two SARS-CoV-2 proteins, namely, the nucleoprotein and the receptor binding domain peptide of S1 protein, by implementing a bioanalytical device based on Multi Area Reflectance Spectroscopy. Simultaneous detection of these two proteins is achieved by using silicon chips with adjacent areas of different silicon dioxide thickness on top, each of which is modified with an antibody specific to either the nucleoprotein or the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Both areas were illuminated by a single probe that also collected the reflected light, directing it to a spectrometer. The online conversion of the combined reflection spectra from the two silicon dioxide areas into the respective adlayer thickness enabled real-time monitoring of immunoreactions taking place on the two areas. Several antibodies have been tested to define the pair, providing the higher specific signal following a non-competitive immunoassay format. Biotinylated secondary antibodies and streptavidin were used to enhance the specific signal. Both proteins were detected in less than 12 min, with detection limits of 1.0 ng/mL. The assays demonstrated high repeatability with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation lower than 10%. Moreover, the recovery of both proteins from spiked samples prepared in extraction buffer from a commercial self-test kit for SARS-CoV-2 collection from nasopharyngeal swabs ranged from 90.0 to 110%. The short assay duration in combination with the excellent analytical performance and the compact instrument size render the proposed device and assay suitable for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Tsounidi
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (D.T.); (M.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Michailia Angelopoulou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (D.T.); (M.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (D.T.); (M.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (D.T.); (M.A.); (P.P.)
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24
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Ghumra D, Shetty N, McBrearty KR, Puthussery JV, Sumlin BJ, Gardiner WD, Doherty BM, Magrecki JP, Brody DL, Esparza TJ, O’Halloran JA, Presti RM, Bricker TL, Boon ACM, Yuede CM, Cirrito JR, Chakrabarty RK. Rapid Direct Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols in Exhaled Breath at the Point of Care. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3023-3031. [PMID: 37498298 PMCID: PMC10463275 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Airborne transmission via virus-laden aerosols is a dominant route for the transmission of respiratory diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Direct, non-invasive screening of respiratory virus aerosols in patients has been a long-standing technical challenge. Here, we introduce a point-of-care testing platform that directly detects SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in as little as two exhaled breaths of patients and provides results in under 60 s. It integrates a hand-held breath aerosol collector and a llama-derived, SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein specific nanobody bound to an ultrasensitive micro-immunoelectrode biosensor, which detects the oxidation of tyrosine amino acids present in SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. Laboratory and clinical trial results were within 20% of those obtained using standard testing methods. Importantly, the electrochemical biosensor directly detects the virus itself, as opposed to a surrogate or signature of the virus, and is sensitive to as little as 10 viral particles in a sample. Our platform holds the potential to be adapted for multiplexed detection of different respiratory viruses. It provides a rapid and non-invasive alternative to conventional viral diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishit
P. Ghumra
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nishit Shetty
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kevin R. McBrearty
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joseph V. Puthussery
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Sumlin
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Woodrow D. Gardiner
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Brookelyn M. Doherty
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jordan P. Magrecki
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - David L. Brody
- National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department
of Neurology, Uniformed Services University
of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Thomas J. Esparza
- National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jane A. O’Halloran
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rachel M. Presti
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Traci L. Bricker
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Departments
Molecular Microbiology, and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Adrianus C. M. Boon
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Departments
Molecular Microbiology, and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Carla M. Yuede
- Department
of Psychiatry, Washington University School
of Medicine, Campus Box
8134, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John R. Cirrito
- Department
of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disease, Knight Alzheimer’s
Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Rajan K. Chakrabarty
- Center
for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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25
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Falk M, Psotta C, Cirovic S, Ohlsson L, Shleev S. Electronic Tongue for Direct Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Free and Infected Human Saliva-A Feasibility Study. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:717. [PMID: 37504115 PMCID: PMC10377364 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An electronic tongue is a powerful analytical instrument based on an array of non-selective chemical sensors with a partial specificity for data gathering and advanced pattern recognition methods for data analysis. Connecting electronic tongues with electrochemical techniques for data collection has led to various applications, mostly within sensing for food quality and environmental monitoring, but also in biomedical research for the analyses of different bioanalytes in human physiological fluids. In this paper, an electronic tongue consisting of six electrodes (viz., gold, platinum, palladium, titanium, iridium, and glassy carbon) was designed and tested in authentic (undiluted, unpretreated) human saliva samples from eight volunteers, collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Investigations of 11 samples using differential pulse voltammetry and a principal component analysis allowed us to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2-free and infected authentic human saliva. This work, as a proof-of-principle demonstration, provides a new perspective for the use of electronic tongues in the field of enzyme-free electrochemical biosensing, highlighting their potential for future applications in non-invasive biomedical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Falk
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carolin Psotta
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Cirovic
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Ohlsson
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sergey Shleev
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, and Biofilms Research Center, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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Curulli A. Functional Nanomaterials Enhancing Electrochemical Biosensors as Smart Tools for Detecting Infectious Viral Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093777. [PMID: 37175186 PMCID: PMC10180161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are known as analytical tools, guaranteeing rapid and on-site results in medical diagnostics, food safety, environmental protection, and life sciences research. Current research focuses on developing sensors for specific targets and addresses challenges to be solved before their commercialization. These challenges typically include the lowering of the limit of detection, the widening of the linear concentration range, the analysis of real samples in a real environment and the comparison with a standard validation method. Nowadays, functional nanomaterials are designed and applied in electrochemical biosensing to support all these challenges. This review will address the integration of functional nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical biosensors for the rapid diagnosis of viral infections, such as COVID-19, middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and dengue, among others. The role and relevance of the nanomaterial, the type of biosensor, and the electrochemical technique adopted will be discussed. Finally, the critical issues in applying laboratory research to the analysis of real samples, future perspectives, and commercialization aspects of electrochemical biosensors for virus detection will be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Curulli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), 00161 Rome, Italy
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27
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Bhattacharjee B, Ikbal AMA, Farooqui A, Sahu RK, Ruhi S, Syed A, Miatmoko A, Khan D, Khan J. Superior possibilities and upcoming horizons for nanoscience in COVID-19: noteworthy approach for effective diagnostics and management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2023; 77:1-24. [PMID: 37362791 PMCID: PMC10072050 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused great havoc and affected many parts of the world. It has imposed a great challenge to the medical and health fraternity with its ability to continue mutating and increasing the transmission rate. Some challenges include the availability of current knowledge of active drugs against the virus, mode of delivery of the medicaments, its diagnosis, which are relatively limited and do not suffice for further prognosis. One recently developed drug delivery system called nanoparticles is currently being utilized in combating COVID-19. This article highlights the existing methods for diagnosis of COVID-19 such as computed tomography scan, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid sequencing, immunoassay, point-of-care test, detection from breath, nanotechnology-based bio-sensors, viral antigen detection, microfluidic device, magnetic nanosensor, magnetic resonance platform and internet-of-things biosensors. The latest detection strategy based on nanotechnology, biosensor, is said to produce satisfactory results in recognizing SARS-CoV-2 virus. It also highlights the successes in the research and development of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines that are already in use. In addition, there are a number of nanovaccines and nanomedicines currently in clinical trials that have the potential to target COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Tezpur, Assam 784501 India
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar, 788011 India
| | - Atika Farooqui
- The Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchan Bagh, Hyderabad, Telangana 500058 India
| | - Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 249161 India
| | - Sakina Ruhi
- Department of Biochemistry, IMS, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ayesha Syed
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Andang Miatmoko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java 60115 Indonesia
| | - Danish Khan
- Panineeya Institute of Dental Science and Research Centre, Kalonji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences, Warangal, Telangana 506007 India
| | - Jiyauddin Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
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28
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Zhao L, Li C, Kang X, Li Y. A visual detection strategy for SARS-CoV-2 based on dual targets-triggering DNA walker. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2023; 379:133252. [PMID: 36590306 PMCID: PMC9792190 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.133252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a highly transmissible and mutagenic virus, made huge threats to global public health. The detection strategies, which are free from testing site requirements, and the reagents and instruments are portable, are vital for early screening and play a significant role in curbing the spread. This work proposed a silver-coated glass slide (SCGS)/DNA walker based on a dual targets-triggering mechanism, enzyme-catalyzed amplification, and smartphone data analysis, which build a portable visual detection strategy for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. By this method, the detection was reflected by the ultraviolet absorbance changes and visible color changes to the naked eye which was analyzed by Red-Green-Blue (RGB) data analysis via smartphone within 30 min, simplifying the detection process and shortening the detection time. Meanwhile, the dual targets-triggering mechanism and dual signal amplification strategy ensured detection specificity and sensitivity. Further, the practicability was verified by the detection of the real sample which provided this method an application potential in SARS-CoV-2 rapid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ciling Li
- Faculty of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xinhuang Kang
- Faculty of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Faculty of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Research Center for Coastal Environmental Protection and Ecological Resilience, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
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29
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Drobysh M, Ramanavicius A, Baradoke A. Polyaniline-based electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160700. [PMID: 36493838 PMCID: PMC9726207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report an impedimetric system for the detection of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein. The sensing platform is based on recombinant Spike protein (SCoV2-rS) immobilized on the phytic acid doped polyaniline films (PANI-PA). The affinity interaction between immobilized SCoV2-rS protein and antibodies in the physiological range of concentrations was registered by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analytical parameters of the sensing platform were tuned by the variation of electropolymerization times during the synthesis of PANI-PA films. The lowest limit of detection and quantification were obtained for electropolymerization time of 20 min and equalled 8.00 ± 0.20 nM and 23.93 ± 0.60 nM with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 3 nM. The presented sensing system is label-free and suitable for the direct detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in real patient serum samples after coronavirus disease 2019 and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Valenga MGP, Martins G, Martins TAC, Didek LK, Gevaerd A, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF. Biochar: An environmentally friendly platform for construction of a SARS-CoV-2 electrochemical immunosensor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159797. [PMID: 36334678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste management is a key feature to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns, and to combat the impacts of climate change. In this scenario, the production of biochar from different biomasses results in environmental and economic advantages. In this study, biochar was produced from sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis, to immobilize biomolecules, in order to assemble an electrochemical immunosensor to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. For this, screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were modified with a dispersion of biochar and used to immobilize the receptor-binding-domain (RBD) against virus S-protein, through EDC/NHS crosslinking reaction. Under the best set of experimental conditions, negative and positive serum samples responses distinguished based on a cutoff value of 82.3 %, at a 95 % confidence level. The immunosensor showed selective behavior to antibodies against yellow fever and its performance was stable up to 7 days of storage. Therefore, biochar yielded from sugarcane bagasse is an ecofriendly material that can be used as a platform to immobilize biomolecules for construction of electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gabriela Pianaro Valenga
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Martins
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thomas A C Martins
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena Klipe Didek
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ava Gevaerd
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Hilab, Rua José Altair Possebom, 800, CEP 81270-185 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Márcio F Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Ong V, Soleimani A, Amirghasemi F, Khazaee Nejad S, Abdelmonem M, Razaviyayn M, Hosseinzadeh P, Comai L, Mousavi MPS. Impedimetric Sensing: An Emerging Tool for Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:204. [PMID: 36831970 PMCID: PMC9953732 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a pressing need for the development of sensitive and low-cost point-of-care sensors for disease diagnosis. The current standard of care for COVID-19 is quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This method is sensitive, but takes time, effort, and requires specialized equipment and reagents to be performed correctly. This make it unsuitable for widespread, rapid testing and causes poor individual and policy decision-making. Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are a widely used alternative that provide results quickly but have low sensitivity and are prone to false negatives, particularly in cases with lower viral burden. Electrochemical sensors have shown much promise in filling this technology gap, and impedance spectroscopy specifically has exciting potential in rapid screening of COVID-19. Due to the data-rich nature of impedance measurements performed at different frequencies, this method lends itself to machine-leaning (ML) algorithms for further data processing. This review summarizes the current state of impedance spectroscopy-based point-of-care sensors for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This article also suggests future directions to address the technology's current limitations to move forward in this current pandemic and prepare for future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ong
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Farbod Amirghasemi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sina Khazaee Nejad
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mona Abdelmonem
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Meisam Razaviyayn
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Knight Campus Center Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maral P. S. Mousavi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Electrochemical Biosensor for the Determination of Specific Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010718. [PMID: 36614164 PMCID: PMC9821011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report the development of an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (rS). A gold disc electrode was electrochemically modified to form the nanocrystalline gold structure on the surface. Then, it was further altered by a self-assembling monolayer based on a mixture of two alkane thiols: 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (6-MCOH) (SAMmix). After activating carboxyl groups using a N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide mixture, the rS protein was covalently immobilized on the top of the SAMmix. This electrode was used to design an electrochemical sensor suitable for determining antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 rS protein (anti-rS). We assessed the association between the immobilized rS protein and the anti-rS antibody present in the blood serum of a SARS-CoV-2 infected person using three electrochemical methods: cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and potential pulsed amperometry. The results demonstrated that differential pulse voltammetry and potential pulsed amperometry measurements displayed similar sensitivity. In contrast, the measurements performed by cyclic voltammetry suggest that this method is the most sensitive out of the three methods applied in this research.
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Sakhabutdinova AR, Gazizov RR, Chemeris AV, Garafutdinov RR. Reverse transcriptase-free detection of viral RNA using Hemo Klentaq DNA polymerase. Anal Biochem 2022; 659:114960. [PMID: 36306819 PMCID: PMC9597527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the demand for the fast and reliable detection of viral RNA. Although various methods for RNA amplification and detection have been proposed, some limitations, including those caused by reverse transcription (RT), need to be overcome. Here, we report on the direct detection of specific RNA by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requiring no prior RT step. It was found that Hemo KlenTaq (HKTaq), which is posed as DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, possesses reverse transcriptase activity and provides reproducible amplification of RNA targets with an efficiency comparable to common RT-PCR. Using nasopharyngeal swab extracts from COVID-19-positive patients, the high reliability of SARS-CoV-2 detection based on HKTaq was demonstrated. The most accurate detection of specific targets are provided by nearby primers, which allow to determine RNA in solutions affected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles. HKTaq can be used for elaboration of simplified amplification techniques intended for the analysis of any specific RNA and requiring only one DNA polymerase.
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34
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Liu S, Xie T, Huang Z, Pei X, Li S, He Y, Tong Y, Liu G. Systematically investigating the fluorescent signal readout of CRISPR-Cas12a for highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 373:132746. [PMID: 36212739 PMCID: PMC9527496 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas system is widely used for molecular diagnostics after the discovery of trans-cleavage activity, especially now with the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the majority of contemporary trans-cleavage activity-based CRISPR/Cas biosensors exploited standard single-strand DNA (ssDNA) reporters, which were based on the FRET principle from pioneering research. An in-depth comparison and understanding of various fluorescent readout types are essential to facilitate the outstanding analytical performance of CRISPR probes. We investigated various types of fluorescent reporters of Cas12a comprehensively. Results show that trans-cleavage of Cas12a is not limited to ssDNA and dsDNA reporters, but can be extended to molecular beacons (MB). And MB reporters can achieve superior analytical performance compared with ssDNA and ds DNA reporters at the same conditions. Accordingly, we developed a highly-sensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection with the sensitivity as low as 100 fM were successfully achieved without amplification strategy. The model target of ORF1a could robustly identify the current widespread emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. A real coronavirus GX/P2V instead of SARS-CoV-2 were chosen for practical application validation. And a minimum of 27 copies/mL was achieved successfully. This inspiration can also be applied to other Cas proteins with trans-cleavage activity, which provides new perspectives for simple, highly-sensitive and universal molecular diagnosis in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Tie Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Zhaohe Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Pei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Shujing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Yifan He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Guoqi Liu
- Biotecnovo (Beijing) Co.,LTD, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, PR China
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Sobhanie E, Salehnia F, Xu G, Hamidipanah Y, Arshian S, Firoozbakhtian A, Hosseini M, Ganjali MR, Hanif S. Recent trends and advancements in electrochemiluminescence biosensors for human virus detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116727. [PMID: 35815064 PMCID: PMC9254503 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Researchers are constantly looking to find new techniques of virus detection that are sensitive, cost-effective, and accurate. Additionally, they can be used as a point-of-care (POC) tool due to the fact that the populace is growing at a quick tempo, and epidemics are materializing greater often than ever. Electrochemiluminescence-based (ECL) biosensors for the detection of viruses have become one of the most quickly developing sensors in this field. Thus, we here focus on recent trends and developments of these sensors with regard to virus detection. Also, quantitative analysis of various viruses (e.g., Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, HIV, HPV, Hepatitis virus, and Zika virus) with a specific interest in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was introduced from the perspective of the biomarker and the biological receptor immobilized on the ECL-based sensors, such as nucleic acids-based, immunosensors, and other affinity ECL biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Sobhanie
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foad Salehnia
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yalda Hamidipanah
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Arshian
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Firoozbakhtian
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saima Hanif
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan
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36
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Agarkar T, Tripathy S, Chawla V, Sengupta M, Ghosh S, Kumar A. A batch processed titanium-vanadium oxide nanocomposite based solid-state electrochemical sensor for zeptomolar nucleic acid detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4495-4513. [PMID: 36326012 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Approaching a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) based diagnosis of a pathogen from an electrochemistry pathway is a relatively economical, decentralized, and yet highly sensitive route. This work aimed to construct an electrochemical biosensor with a 2-electrode geometry using a transition metal oxide (TMO) based sensing layer. A series of batch-processed TiO2-V2O5 (TVO) nanocomposite-based electrodes were fabricated to probe their electrochemical performance and attain a highly sensitive dual-electrode electrochemical sensor (DEES) compared to pristine V2O5. The XRD analysis of the electrodes confirmed the formation of a nanocomposite, while the XPS analysis correlated the formation of oxygen vacancies with improved electrical conduction measured via EIS and I-V characterization. Furthermore, the work demonstrated the application of the optimized electrode in electrochemical detection of end-point loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) readout for 101-104 copies (0.1 zeptomoles to 0.1 attomoles) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plasmid DNA and in vitro transcribed RNA in an aqueous solution. The device achieved a limit of detection as low as 2.5 and 0.25 copies per μL for plasmid DNA and in vitro transcribed RNA, respectively. The DEES was able to successfully detect in situ LAMP performed on magneto-extracted SARS-CoV-2 plasmid and RNA from (a) an aqueous solution, (b) a sample spiked with excess human genomic DNA, and (c) a serum-spiked sample. The DEES results were then compared with those of real-time fluorescence and commercially available screen-printed electrodes (SPEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Agarkar
- Department of Physics, Bennett University, India
- Center of Excellence for Nanosensors and Nanomedicine, Bennett University, India
- Pristine Diamonds Pvt. Ltd., India
| | - Sayantan Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, Bennett University, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, India
- Center of Excellence for Nanosensors and Nanomedicine, Bennett University, India
| | - Vipin Chawla
- Institute Instrumentation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
| | - Mrittika Sengupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, India
- Center of Excellence for Nanosensors and Nanomedicine, Bennett University, India
| | - Souradyuti Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Bennett University, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, India
- Center of Excellence for Nanosensors and Nanomedicine, Bennett University, India
- Division of Radiation and Stress Biology, UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Center, India
| | - Ashvani Kumar
- Department of Physics, Bennett University, India
- Pristine Diamonds Pvt. Ltd., India
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Moura AV, de Oliveira DC, Silva AAR, da Rosa JR, Garcia PHD, Sanches PHG, Garza KY, Mendes FMM, Lambert M, Gutierrez JM, Granado NM, dos Santos AC, de Lima IL, Negrini LDDO, Antonio MA, Eberlin MN, Eberlin LS, Porcari AM. Urine Metabolites Enable Fast Detection of COVID-19 Using Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2022; 12:1056. [PMID: 36355139 PMCID: PMC9697918 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic boosted the development of diagnostic tests to meet patient needs and provide accurate, sensitive, and fast disease detection. Despite rapid advancements, limitations related to turnaround time, varying performance metrics due to different sampling sites, illness duration, co-infections, and the need for particular reagents still exist. As an alternative diagnostic test, we present urine analysis through flow-injection-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) as a powerful approach for COVID-19 diagnosis, targeting the detection of amino acids and acylcarnitines. We adapted a method that is widely used for newborn screening tests on dried blood for urine samples in order to detect metabolites related to COVID-19 infection. We analyzed samples from 246 volunteers with diagnostic confirmation via PCR. Urine samples were self-collected, diluted, and analyzed with a run time of 4 min. A Lasso statistical classifier was built using 75/25% data for training/validation sets and achieved high diagnostic performances: 97/90% sensitivity, 95/100% specificity, and 95/97.2% accuracy. Additionally, we predicted on two withheld sets composed of suspected hospitalized/symptomatic COVID-19-PCR negative patients and patients out of the optimal time-frame collection for PCR diagnosis, with promising results. Altogether, we show that the benchmarked FIA-MS/MS method is promising for COVID-19 screening and diagnosis, and is also potentially useful after the peak viral load has passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Varao Moura
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Cardoso de Oliveira
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Ap. R. Silva
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Ribeiro da Rosa
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Dias Garcia
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Godoy Sanches
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Kyana Y. Garza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Flavio Marcio Macedo Mendes
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Lambert
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Junier Marrero Gutierrez
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicole Marino Granado
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alicia Camacho dos Santos
- Department of Material Engineering and Nanotechnology, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Iasmim Lopes de Lima
- Department of Material Engineering and Nanotechnology, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Aparecida Antonio
- Integrated Unit of Pharmacology and Gastroenterology, UNIFAG, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- Department of Material Engineering and Nanotechnology, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andreia M. Porcari
- MSLife Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
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Farzin MA, Abdoos H, Saber R. AuNP-based biosensors for the diagnosis of pathogenic human coronaviruses: COVID-19 pandemic developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7069-7084. [PMID: 35781591 PMCID: PMC9251037 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak rate of human coronaviruses (CoVs) especially highly pathogenic CoVs is increasing alarmingly. Early detection of these viruses allows treatment interventions to be provided more quickly to people at higher risk, as well as helping to identify asymptomatic carriers and isolate them as quickly as possible, thus preventing the disease transmission chain. The current diagnostic methods such as RT-PCR are not ideal due to high cost, low accuracy, low speed, and probability of false results. Therefore, a reliable and accurate method for the detection of CoVs in biofluids can become a front-line tool in order to deal with the spread of these deadly viruses. Currently, the nanomaterial-based sensing devices for detection of human coronaviruses from laboratory diagnosis to point-of-care (PoC) diagnosis are progressing rapidly. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have revolutionized the field of biosensors because of the outstanding optical and electrochemical properties. In this review paper, a detailed overview of AuNP-based biosensing strategies with the varied transducers (electrochemical, optical, etc.) and also different biomarkers (protein antigens and nucleic acids) was presented for the detection of human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV and lowly pathogenic CoVs. The present review highlights the newest trends in the SARS-CoV-2 nanobiosensors from the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic until 2022. We hope that the presented examples in this review paper convince readers that AuNPs are a suitable platform for the designing of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Farzin
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P. O. Box: 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hassan Abdoos
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, P. O. Box: 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Reza Saber
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Payandehpeyman J, Parvini N, Moradi K, Hashemian N. Design and finite element modeling of two-dimensional nanomechanical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection. DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS 2022; 128:109263. [PMID: 35891677 PMCID: PMC9303063 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2022.109263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 disease. The development of different variants has increased the prevalence, pathogenicity, and mortality of the SARS-CoV-2. Prompt diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy can undoubtedly minimize the damage caused by this virus. In this study, a wide range of emerging single layer two-dimensional materials (SL2DMs), including graphene, grapheme oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), Ti3C2Tx MXene, and MoS2that can be used to fabricate highly sensitive biosensors, are analyzed using the finite element method based on antigen-antibody interaction. Important design parameters including sensor size, sensor aspect ratio, number of viruses, and applying in-plane strain on sensor performance are analyzed using frequency shift technique. In the following, an analytical relationship that can predict the limit of detection (LOD) according to the above parameters is proposed. The results show that all the above materials have a good performance in detecting viruses in the sample range of 10-100 viruses. This range can be reduced significantly by applying strains of less than 0.1. Also, applying strain increases shift frequency index by 2 to 3 times, which is a significant result. The maximum and minimum sensor performance are obtained for GO and Ti3C2Tx, respectively. The results of this paper can be used to build a new generation of two-dimensional biosensors for rapid detection of COVID-19 and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Payandehpeyman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
| | - N Parvini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Moradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
| | - N Hashemian
- Faculty of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Antiochia R. Electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection: Voltametric or impedimetric transduction? Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108190. [PMID: 35738049 PMCID: PMC9188450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, electrochemical biosensors have shown several advantages including accuracy, low cost, possibility of miniaturization and portability, which make them an interesting testing method for rapid point-of-care (POC) detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowing the detection of both viral RNA and viral antigens. Herein, we reviewed advancements in electrochemical biosensing platforms towards the detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on voltametric and impedimetric transduction modes, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Castrejón-Jiménez NS, García-Pérez BE, Reyes-Rodríguez NE, Vega-Sánchez V, Martínez-Juárez VM, Hernández-González JC. Challenges in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2: Evolution of the Lateral Flow Immunoassay as a Valuable Tool for Viral Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090728. [PMID: 36140114 PMCID: PMC9496238 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging infectious disease of zoonotic origin that caused the coronavirus disease in late 2019 and triggered a pandemic that has severely affected human health and caused millions of deaths. Early and massive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is the key to preventing the spread of the virus and controlling the outbreak. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) are the simplest biosensors. These devices are clinical diagnostic tools that can detect various analytes, including viruses and antibodies, with high sensitivity and specificity. This review summarizes the advantages, limitations, and evolution of LFIA during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the challenges of improving these diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Shantal Castrejón-Jiménez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, México City 11340, Mexico
| | - Nydia Edith Reyes-Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
| | - Vicente Vega-Sánchez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Martínez-Juárez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández-González
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1 Exhacienda de Aquetzalpa A.P. 32, Tulancingo 43600, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-775-756-0308
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Bhalla N, Payam AF, Morelli A, Sharma PK, Johnson R, Thomson A, Jolly P, Canfarotta F. Nanoplasmonic biosensor for rapid detection of multiple viral variants in human serum. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 365:131906. [PMID: 35463481 PMCID: PMC9015716 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.131906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As viruses constantly change due to mutation, variants are expected to emerge demanding development of sensors capable of detecting multiple variants using one single sensor platform. Herein, we report the integration of a synthetic binder against SARS-CoV-2 with a nanoplasmonic-based sensing technology, which enables the successful detection of spike proteins of Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants of SARS CoV-2. The recognition event is achieved by specific nanostructured molecularly imprinted polymers (nanoMIPs), developed against a region of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS CoV-2 spike protein. The transduction is based on the principle of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) associated with silver nanostructures. The nanoMIPs-functionalised LSPR sensor allows for the detection of all 3 protein variants with a limit of detection of 9.71 fM, 7.32 fM and 8.81 pM using wavelength shifts respectively for Alpha, Beta and Gamma spike protein variants. This can be achieved within 30 min from the sample collection, both from blood and using nasal swab, thus making this sensor suitable for rapid detection of COVID-19. Additionally, the turnaround time for sensor development and validation can be completed in less than 8 weeks, making it suitable for addressing future pandemic needs without the requirement for biological binding agents, which is one of the bottlenecks to the supply chain in diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Shore Road, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
- Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Shore Road, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Shore Road, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
- Healthcare Technology Hub, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Shore Road, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Morelli
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Shore Road, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Preetam Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon Johnson
- MIP Diagnostics, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Thomson
- MIP Diagnostics, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pawan Jolly
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Francesco Canfarotta
- MIP Diagnostics, Colworth Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Baradoke A, Viter R, Chen CF, Ramanavicius A, Ramanaviciene A. Determination of rSpike Protein by Specific Antibodies with Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Modified by Electrodeposited Gold Nanostructures. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:593. [PMID: 36004989 PMCID: PMC9405582 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we assessed the applicability of electrochemical sensing techniques for detecting specific antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike proteins in the blood serum of patient samples following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) with electrodeposited gold nanostructures (AuNS) were modified with L-Cysteine for further covalent immobilization of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike). The affinity interactions of the rSpike protein with specific antibodies against this protein (anti-rSpike) were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. It was revealed that the SPCE electroactive surface area increased from 1.49 ± 0.02 cm2 to 1.82 ± 0.01 cm2 when AuNS were electrodeposited, and the value of the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k0) changed from 6.30 × 10-5 to 14.56 × 10-5. The performance of the developed electrochemical immunosensor was evaluated by calculating the limit of detection and limit of quantification, giving values of 0.27 nM and 0.81 nM for CV and 0.14 nM and 0.42 nM for DPV. Furthermore, a specificity test was performed with a solution of antibodies against bovine serum albumin as the control aliquot, which was used to assess nonspecific binding, and this evaluation revealed that the developed rSpike-based sensor exhibits low nonspecific binding towards anti-rSpike antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (A.B.)
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
- Center for Collective Use of Research Equipment, Sumy State University, 31 Sanatorna Street, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (A.B.)
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.L.); (A.R.)
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Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Abdulmuqeet M, Alqahtani AS, Alshahrani MY, Alsabaani A, Ramalingam M. Forecasting the Post-Pandemic Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Using the Bullwhip Phenomenon Alongside Use of Nanosensors for Disease Containment and Cure. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5078. [PMID: 35888544 PMCID: PMC9317545 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has the tendency to affect various organizational paradigm alterations, which civilization hasyet to fully comprehend. Personal to professional, individual to corporate, and across most industries, the spectrum of transformations is vast. Economically, the globe has never been more intertwined, and it has never been subjected to such widespread disruption. While many people have felt and acknowledged the pandemic's short-term repercussions, the resultant paradigm alterations will certainly have long-term consequences with an unknown range and severity. This review paper aims at acknowledging various approaches for the prevention, detection, and diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using nanomaterials as a base material. A nanostructure is a material classification based on dimensionality, in proportion to the characteristic diameter and surface area. Nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires (NW), carbon nanotubes (CNT), thin films, and nanocomposites are some examples of various dimensions, each acting as a single unit, in terms of transport capacities. Top-down and bottom-up techniques are used to fabricate nanomaterials. The large surface-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials allows one to create extremely sensitive charge or field sensors (electrical sensors, chemical sensors, explosives detection, optical sensors, and gas sensing applications). Nanowires have potential applications in information and communication technologies, low-energy lightning, and medical sensors. Carbon nanotubes have the best environmental stability, electrical characteristics, and surface-to-volume ratio of any nanomaterial, making them ideal for bio-sensing applications. Traditional commercially available techniques have focused on clinical manifestations, as well as molecular and serological detection equipment that can identify the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Scientists are expressing a lot of interest in developing a portable and easy-to-use COVID-19 detection tool. Several unique methodologies and approaches are being investigated as feasible advanced systems capable of meeting the demands. This review article attempts to emphasize the pandemic's aftereffects, utilising the notion of the bullwhip phenomenon's short-term and long-term effects, and it specifies the use of nanomaterials and nanosensors for detection, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy in connection to the SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Computers and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdulmuqeet
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S. Alqahtani
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration (PCLMA), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Alsabaani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Department of Nanobiomedical Science, BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Abstract
Rapid and early diagnosis of lethal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important issue considering global human health, economy, education, and other activities. The advancement of understanding of the chemistry/biochemistry and the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the development of low-cost, efficient, and reliable methods for COVID-19 diagnosis over “gold standard” real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) due to its several limitations. This led to the development of electrochemical sensors/biosensors for rapid, fast, and low-cost detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the patient’s biological fluids by detecting the components of the virus, including structural proteins (antigens), nucleic acid, and antibodies created after COVID-19 infection. This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art research progress of electrochemical biosensors for COVID-19 diagnosis. They include the detection of spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, whole virus, nucleic acid, and antibodies. The review also outlines the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, different detection methods, and design strategies of electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 biosensors by highlighting the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Baradoke A, Rucinskiene A, Ramanaviciene A, Ratautaite V, Viter R, Chen CF, Plikusiene I, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Simanavicius M, Zvirbliene A, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical Determination of Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Specific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126768. [PMID: 35743208 PMCID: PMC9223850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we present the electrochemical-based biosensing technique for the detection of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike) were immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This modified electrode was used as a sensitive element for the detection of polyclonal mouse antibodies against the rSpike (anti-rSpike). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to observe the formation of immunocomplexes while cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for additional analysis of the surface modifications. It was revealed that the impedimetric method and the elaborate experimental conditions are appropriate for the further development of electrochemical biosensors for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or the confirmation of successful vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Alma Rucinskiene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center of Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
- Center for Collective Use of Research Equipment, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Martynas Simanavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.S.); (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.Z.); (I.K.-K.)
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.D.); (V.L.); (A.R.); (A.R.); (V.R.); (I.P.); (U.S.-B.)
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-060-032-332
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47
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Drobysh M, Liustrovaite V, Baradoke A, Rucinskiene A, Ramanaviciene A, Ratautaite V, Viter R, Chen CF, Plikusiene I, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Slibinskas R, Ciplys E, Simanavicius M, Zvirbliene A, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical Determination of Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Specific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022. [PMID: 35743208 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac5d91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we present the electrochemical-based biosensing technique for the detection of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike) were immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This modified electrode was used as a sensitive element for the detection of polyclonal mouse antibodies against the rSpike (anti-rSpike). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to observe the formation of immunocomplexes while cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for additional analysis of the surface modifications. It was revealed that the impedimetric method and the elaborate experimental conditions are appropriate for the further development of electrochemical biosensors for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or the confirmation of successful vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Drobysh
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Liustrovaite
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Baradoke
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alma Rucinskiene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center of Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Center for Collective Use of Research Equipment, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Simanavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Center for Physical and Technological Sciences, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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48
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Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Ahmadi S, Abbariki N, Ojaghi A, Rabiee M, Radmanesh F, Dinarvand R, Bagherzadeh M, Mostafavi E, Ashrafizadeh M, Makvandi P, Lima EC, Saeb MR. Bioactive hybrid metal-organic framework (MOF)-based nanosensors for optical detection of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153902. [PMID: 35182622 PMCID: PMC8849853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fast, efficient, and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen is pivotal to control the spread and reduce the mortality of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of available nanobiosensors to detect recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen seems insufficient. As a proof-of-concept, MOF-5/CoNi2S4 is developed as a low-cost, safe, and bioactive hybrid nanostructure via the one-pot high-gravity protocol. Then, the porphyrin, H2TMP, was attached to the surface of the synthesized nanomaterial to increase the porosity for efficient detection of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen. AFM results approved roughness in different ranges, including 0.54 to 0.74 μm and 0.78 to ≈0.80 μm, showing good physical interactions with the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen. MTT assay was performed and compared to the conventional synthesis methods, including hydrothermal, solvothermal, and microwave-assisted methods. The synthesized nanodevices demonstrated above 88% relative cell viability after 24 h and even 48 h of treatment. Besides, the ability of the synthesized nanomaterials to detect the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen was investigated, with a detection limit of 5 nM. The in-situ synthesized nanoplatforms exhibited low cytotoxicity, high biocompatibility, and appropriate tunability. The fabricated nanosystems seem promising for future surveys as potential platforms to be integrated into biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Nikzad Abbariki
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Radmanesh
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14197-33141, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Postal Box, 15003, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11, 12 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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49
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Ghafouri T, Manavizadeh N. Design and simulation of a millifluidic device for differential detection of SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 based on triboelectricity. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108096. [PMID: 35316730 PMCID: PMC8923711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of pathogenic diseases, presently coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza, is crucial with due attention to their superspreading events, presumably long incubation period, particular complications, and treatments. In this paper, a label-free, self-powered, and ultrafast immunosensor device working based on triboelectric effect is proposed. Equilibrium constants of specific antibody-antigen reactions are accompanied by IEP-relevant electric charges of antigens to recognize SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1. Simulation attributes including fluid flow and geometrical parameters are optimized so that the maximum capture efficiency of 85.63% is achieved. Accordingly, antibody-antigen complexes form electric double layers (EDLs) across the channel interfaces. The resultant built-in electric field affects the following external electric field derived from triboelectricity, leading to the variation of open-circuit voltage as a sensing metric. The device is flexible to operate in conductor-to-dielectric single-electrode and contact-separation modes simultaneously. While the detection limit is reduced utilizing the single-electrode mode compared to the latter one, surface treatment of the triboelectric pair contributes to the sensitivity enhancement. A threshold value equal to −4.113 V is featured to discriminate these two viruses in a vast detectable region; however, further surface engineering can allow the on-site detection of any electrically-charged pathogen applying the emerging triboelectric immunosensor enjoying a lower detection limit.
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50
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Hu T, Ke X, Ou Y, Lin Y. CRISPR/Cas12a-Triggered Chemiluminescence Enhancement Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Nucleic Acids by Introducing a Tyramide Signal Amplification Strategy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8506-8513. [PMID: 35635022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-based biosensors have attracted increasing attention in accurate and sensitive nucleic acid detection. In this work, we report a CRISPR/Cas12a-triggered chemiluminescence enhancement biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids by introducing tyramide signal amplification for the first time (termed CRICED). The hybrid chain DNA (crDNA) formed by NH2-capture DNA (capDNA) and biotin-recognition DNA (recDNA) was preferentially attached to the magnetic beads (MBs), and the streptavidin-HRP was subsequently introduced to obtain MB@HRP-crDNA. In the presence of the DNA target, the activated CRISPR/Cas12a is capable of randomly cutting initiator DNA (intDNA) into vast short products, and thus the fractured intDNA could not trigger the toehold-mediated DNA-strand displacement reaction (TSDR) event with MB@HRP-crDNA. After the addition of tyramine-AP and H2O2, abundant HRP-tyramine-AP emerges through the covalent attachment of HRP-tyramine, exhibiting enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) signals or visual image readouts. By virtue of this biosensor, we achieved high sensitivity of synthetic DNA target and amplified DNA plasmid using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) as low as 17 pM and single-copy detection, respectively. Our proposed CRICED was further evaluated to test 20 HPV clinical samples, showing a superior sensitivity of 87.50% and specificity of 100.00%. Consequently, the CRICED platform could be an attractive means for ultrasensitive and imaging detection of nucleic acids and holds a promising strategy for the practical application of CRISPR-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Xinxin Ke
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Yangjing Ou
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu Lin
- International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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