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Man KY, Chan CO, Wan SW, Kwok KWH, Capozzi F, Dong NP, Wong KH, Mok DKW. Untargeted foodomics for authenticating the organic farming of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). Food Chem 2024; 453:139545. [PMID: 38772304 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the primary and secondary metabolites of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC-Orbitrap-HRMS). Certified samples from two cultivars, Green stem water spinach (G) and White stem water spinach (W) cultivated using organic and conventional farming methods, were collected from the Hong Kong market. Multivariate analysis was used to differentiate water spinach of different cultivars and farming methods. We identified 12 metabolites to distinguish between G and W, 26 metabolites to identify G from organic farming and 8 metabolites to identify W from organic farming. Then, two metabolites, isorhamnetin and jasmonic acid, have been proposed to serve as biomarkers for organic farming (in both G and W). Our foodomics findings provide useful tools for improving the crop performance of water spinach under abiotic/biotic stressesand authentication of organic produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Yi Man
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-On Chan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Siu-Wai Wan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kevin Wing Hin Kwok
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Francesco Capozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy.
| | - Nai-Ping Dong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Seta-Koselska A, Szczuka E, Koselski M. Localization and activity of lipoxygenase in the ovule of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. during female gametophyte maturation. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024:10.1007/s00497-024-00507-9. [PMID: 39060546 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Lipoxygenase activity and localization vary throughout the development of Larix kaempferi ovules, with the highest enzyme activity observed in ovules at the cellular stage and the most intense immunogold reaction noted at the mature archegonium stage of gametophyte development. Lipoxygenases are a family of oxidoreductases with a significant role in biological systems, widespread in living organisms e.g. mammals, fish, corals, plants, mosses, algae, fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. Lipoxygenase activity in plants leads to the formation of phytooxylipins, i.e. signaling molecules, which play a crucial role in many significant physiological processes such as male and female gametophyte maturation, germination and seedling growth, pathogen resistance, abiotic stress response, fruit ripening, and senescence. The activity and localization of lipoxygenase change during plant growth and development. The localization of lipoxygenase in a developing ovule of Larix kaempferi was analyzed using the immunogold labeling method, and the activity was determined spectrophotometrically with linolenic acid as a substrate. Among the investigated stages, the immunogold reaction was the most intense at the mature archegonium stage in the ovule. Lipoxygenase was found in all parts of the L. kaempferi ovule. The largest number of immunogold particles was detected in the integument cells of all the analyzed stages of ovule development. Only one isoform of lipoxygenase with an optimum at pH 8 was active in the ovules during female gametophyte maturation. The highest enzyme activity was determined at the cellular stage, whereas the mature archegonium stage was characterized by its lowest level, which means that LOX activity in developing ovules of the Japanese larch is not correlated with the number of antibody-labeled molecules of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Seta-Koselska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Szczuka
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koselski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Wang X, Luo X, Guo J, Yang N, Wan F, Lü Z, Liu W. An effector of Phthorimaea absoluta oral secretions inhibits host plant defense. iScience 2024; 27:110154. [PMID: 39050704 PMCID: PMC11267060 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects have evolved effectors to regulate host defenses for efficient feeding, yet their impact on chewing insects, like the tomato leaf miner (Phthorimaea absoluta), a significant pest, is poorly understood. We used RNAi to target the REPAT38 gene in larvae, monitoring changes at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h in leaf stomata, plant hormone concentrations (jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA)), and 12 hormone-responsive genes to explore the molecular mechanism of REPAT38-mediated plant-insect interactions. The results showed that the effector induced stomatal closure at 0.5 h and inhibited the synthesis of JA, ET, and ABA at 1 h. Additionally, seven plant hormone-responsive genes-AOC, MYC2, ACS1A, PAL, PR1, EIL2, and SRK2E-were inhibited at various time points. Our data suggest that REPAT38, as an effector with conserved functions, can weaken tomato host defenses and conducive to insect adaptation to host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuqing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, P.R. China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhichuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Cai W, Tao Y, Cheng X, Wan M, Gan J, Yang S, Okita TW, He S, Tian L. CaIAA2-CaARF9 module mediates the trade-off between pepper growth and immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2054-2074. [PMID: 38450864 PMCID: PMC11182598 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
To challenge the invasion of various pathogens, plants re-direct their resources from plant growth to an innate immune defence system. However, the underlying mechanism that coordinates the induction of the host immune response and the suppression of plant growth remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that an auxin response factor, CaARF9, has dual roles in enhancing the immune resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum infection and in retarding plant growth by repressing the expression of its target genes as exemplified by Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1. The expression of these target genes not only stimulates plant growth but also negatively impacts pepper resistance to R. solanacearum. Under normal conditions, the expression of Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1 is active when promoter-bound CaARF9 is complexed with CaIAA2. Under R. solanacearum infection, however, degradation of CaIAA2 is triggered by SA and JA-mediated signalling defence by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which enables CaARF9 in the absence of CaIAA2 to repress the expression of Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1 and, in turn, impeding plant growth while facilitating plant defence to R. solanacearum infection. Our findings uncover an exquisite mechanism underlying the trade-off between plant growth and immunity mediated by the transcriptional repressor CaARF9 and its deactivation when complexed with CaIAA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture ScienceZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yilin Tao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture ScienceZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xingge Cheng
- Agricultural CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Meiyun Wan
- Agricultural CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jianghuang Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture ScienceZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Sheng Yang
- Agricultural CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Thomas W. Okita
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Shuilin He
- Agricultural CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Li Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture ScienceZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Erazo-Lara A, García-Pastor ME, Padilla-González PA, Valero D, Serrano M. Preharvest Elicitors as a Tool to Enhance Bioactive Compounds and Quality of Both Peel and Pulp of Yellow Pitahaya ( Selenicereus megalanthus Haw.) at Harvest and during Postharvest Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5435. [PMID: 38791472 PMCID: PMC11121277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellow pitahaya is a tropical fruit that has gained popularity in recent years. Natural elicitors are compounds that can stimulate the resistance and quality of fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of natural elicitors, methyl salicylate (MeSa), methyl jasmonate (JaMe), salicylic acid (SA) and oxalic acid (OA) at concentrations of 0.1 mM (MeSa and JaMe) and 5 mM (SA and OA), applied to the yellow pitahaya fruits under greenhouse conditions. After full blossom, four applications were made with a frequency of 15 days. At the time of harvest and after storage, the following variables were evaluated: firmness (whole fruit), total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity (TA), phenolics and carotenoids (in the pulp), while phenolics, carotenoids, macronutrients and micronutrients were determined in the peel. The results showed MeSa advanced the fruit maturation, according to higher TSS, lower TA and firmness than MeJa-treated fruits, for which a delayed ripening process was shown. All treatments induced a higher polyphenolic concentration during storage. Regarding the alternative use of the peel as a by-product, the application of natural elicitors significantly increased the content of polyphenols, carotenoids, macronutrients and micronutrients in the peel, especially MeSa, which can be used as a bioactive compound in the food industry. In conclusion, the results indicate that natural elicitors can be an alternative to improve the quality and shelf life of yellow pitahaya fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Erazo-Lara
- Escuela Politécnica Superior de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Sede Morona Santiago, Macas 140101, Ecuador;
- Department of Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - María Emma García-Pastor
- Department of Applied Biology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Pedro Antonio Padilla-González
- Department of Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, Escuela Politécnica Superiorde Orihuel—Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentario y Agroambiental, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain;
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6
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Lu H, Zheng S, Ma C, Gao X, Ji J, Luo J, Hua H, Cui J. Integrated Omics Analysis Reveals Key Pathways in Cotton Defense against Mirid Bug ( Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev) Feeding. INSECTS 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38667384 PMCID: PMC11049813 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The recent dominance of Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev as the primary cotton field pest in Bt-cotton-cultivated areas has generated significant interest in cotton pest control research. This study addresses the limited understanding of cotton defense mechanisms triggered by A. suturalis feeding. Utilizing LC-QTOF-MS, we analyzed cotton metabolomic changes induced by A. suturalis, and identified 496 differential positive ions (374 upregulated, 122 downregulated) across 11 categories, such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, isoflavones, etc. Subsequent iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS analysis of the cotton proteome revealed 1569 differential proteins enriched in 35 metabolic pathways. Integrated metabolome and proteome analysis highlighted significant upregulation of 17 (89%) proteases in the α-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism pathway, concomitant with a significant increase in 14 (88%) associated metabolites. Conversely, 19 (73%) proteases in the fructose and mannose biosynthesis pathway were downregulated, with 7 (27%) upregulated proteases corresponding to the downregulation of 8 pathway-associated metabolites. Expression analysis of key regulators in the ALA pathway, including allene oxidase synthase (AOS), phospholipase A (PLA), allene oxidative cyclase (AOC), and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase3 (OPR3), demonstrated significant responses to A. suturalis feeding. Finally, this study pioneers the exploration of molecular mechanisms in the plant-insect relationship, thereby offering insights into potential novel control strategies against this cotton pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant, Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Green Agricultural Products Safety and Warning Laboratory, Research Center of Soil Resource Comprehensive Utilization and Ecological Environment in Western Inner Mongolia, Hetao College, Bayannur 015000, China
| | - Shuaichao Zheng
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Science, Hualan St. 90, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Chao Ma
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Xueke Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jichao Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Junyu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant, Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jinjie Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38, Huanghe Road, Anyang 455000, China; (H.L.); (J.J.); (J.L.)
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Wu S, Hu C, Zhu C, Fan Y, Zhou J, Xia X, Shi K, Zhou Y, Foyer CH, Yu J. The MYC2-PUB22-JAZ4 module plays a crucial role in jasmonate signaling in tomato. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:598-613. [PMID: 38341757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs), a class of lipid-derived stress hormones, play a crucial role across an array of plant physiological processes and stress responses. Although JA signaling is thought to rely predominantly on the degradation of specific JAZ proteins by SCFCOI1, it remains unclear whether other pathways are involved in the regulation of JAZ protein stability. Here, we report that PUB22, a plant U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase, plays a critical role in the regulation of plant resistance against Helicoverpa armigera and other JA responses in tomato. Whereas COI1 physically interacts with JAZ1/2/5/7, PUB22 physically interacts with JAZ1/3/4/6. PUB22 ubiquitinates JAZ4 to promote its degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. Importantly, we observed that pub22 mutants showreduced resistance to H. armigera, whereas jaz4 single mutants and jaz1 jaz3 jaz4 jaz6 quadruple mutants have enhanced resistance. The hypersensitivity of pub22 mutants to herbivores could be partially rescued by JAZ4 mutation. Moreover, we found that expression of PUB22 can be transcriptionally activated by MYC2, thus forming a positive feedback circuit in JA signaling. We noticed that the PUB22-JAZ4 module also regulates other JA responses, including defense against B. cinerea, inhibition of root elongation, and anthocyanin accumulation. Taken together, these results indicate that PUB22 plays a crucial role in plant growth and defense responses, together with COI1-regulated JA signaling, by targeting specific JAZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaoyi Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Changan Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanfen Fan
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojia Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Xie X, Lin M, Xiao G, Wang Q, Li Z. Identification and Characterization of the AREB/ABF Gene Family in Three Orchid Species and Functional Analysis of DcaABI5 in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:774. [PMID: 38592811 PMCID: PMC10974128 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
AREB/ABF (ABA response element binding) proteins in plants are essential for stress responses, while our understanding of AREB/ABFs from orchid species, important traditional medicinal and ornamental plants, is limited. Here, twelve AREB/ABF genes were identified within three orchids' complete genomes and classified into three groups through phylogenetic analysis, which was further supported with a combined analysis of their conserved motifs and gene structures. The cis-element analysis revealed that hormone response elements as well as light and stress response elements were widely rich in the AREB/ABFs. A prediction analysis of the orchid ABRE/ABF-mediated regulatory network was further constructed through cis-regulatory element (CRE) analysis of their promoter regions. And it revealed that several dominant transcriptional factor (TF) gene families were abundant as potential regulators of these orchid AREB/ABFs. Expression profile analysis using public transcriptomic data suggested that most AREB/ABF genes have distinct tissue-specific expression patterns in orchid plants. Additionally, DcaABI5 as a homolog of ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) from Arabidopsis was selected for further analysis. The results showed that transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing DcaABI5 could rescue the ABA-insensitive phenotype in the mutant abi5. Collectively, these findings will provide valuable information on AREB/ABF genes in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Miaoyan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (X.X.); (M.L.); (G.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China
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9
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Wang R, Zhou T, Wang Y, Dong J, Bai Y, Huang X, Chen C. Exploring the allelopathic autotoxicity mechanism of ginsenosides accumulation under ginseng decomposition based on integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1365229. [PMID: 38515624 PMCID: PMC10955472 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1365229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous cropping obstacles seriously constrained the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. The allelopathic autotoxicity of ginsenosides is the key "trigger" of continuous cropping obstacles in ginseng. During harvest, the ginseng plants could be broken and remain in the soil. The decomposition of ginseng residue in soil is one of the important release ways of ginsenosides. Therefore, the allelopathic mechanism of ginsenosides through the decomposed release pathway needs an in-depth study. To investigate this allelopathic regulation mechanism, the integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics was applied. The prototype ginsenosides in ginseng were detected converse to rare ginsenosides during decomposition. The rare ginsenosides caused more serious damage to ginseng hairy root cells and inhibited the growth of ginseng hairy roots more significantly. By high-throughput RNA sequencing gene transcriptomics study, the significantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained under prototype and rare ginsenoside interventions. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and metabolic pathways, phytohormone signal transduction, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Based on the functional enrichment of DEGs, the targeted metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-MS/MS determination was applied to screen endogenous differential metabolized phytohormones (DMPs). The influence of prototype and rare ginsenosides on the accumulation of endogenous phytohormones was studied. These were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid, zeatin, and secondary metabolites, phytohormone signal transduction, and metabolic pathways. After integrating the transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis, ginsenosides could regulate the genes in phytohormone signaling pathways to influence the accumulation of JA, ABA, and SA. The conclusion was that the prototype ginsenosides were converted into rare ginsenosides by ginseng decomposition and released into the soil, which aggravated its allelopathic autotoxicity. The allelopathic mechanism was to intervene in the response regulation of genes related to the metabolic accumulation of endogenous phytohormones in ginseng. This result provides a reference for the in-depth study of continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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10
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Paul S, Parvez SS, Goswami A, Banik A. Exopolysaccharides from agriculturally important microorganisms: Conferring soil nutrient status and plant health. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129954. [PMID: 38336329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A wide variety of microorganisms secretes extracellular polymeric substances or commonly known as exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have been studied to influence plant growth via various mechanisms. EPS-producing microorganisms have been found to have positive effects on plant health such as by facilitating nutrient entrapment in the soil, or by improving soil quality, especially by helping in mitigating various abiotic stress conditions. The various types of microbial polysaccharides allow for the compartmentalization of the microbial community enabling them to endure undressing stress conditions. With the growing population, there is a constant need for developing sustainable agriculture where we could use various PGPR to help the plant cope with various stress conditions and simultaneously enhance the crop yield. These polysaccharides have also found application in various sectors, especially in the biomedical fields, manifesting their potential to act as antitumor drugs, play a significant role in immune evasion, and reveal various therapeutic potentials. These constitute high levels of bioactive polysaccharides which possess a wide range of implementation starting from industrial applications to novel food applications. In this current review, we aim at presenting a comprehensive study of how these microbial extracellular polymeric substances influence agricultural productivity along with their other commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushreeta Paul
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk Soyal Parvez
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anusree Goswami
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Banik
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Dwivedi SL, Quiroz LF, Spillane C, Wu R, Mattoo AK, Ortiz R. Unlocking allelic variation in circadian clock genes to develop environmentally robust and productive crops. PLANTA 2024; 259:72. [PMID: 38386103 PMCID: PMC10884192 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Molecular mechanisms of biological rhythms provide opportunities to harness functional allelic diversity in core (and trait- or stress-responsive) oscillator networks to develop more climate-resilient and productive germplasm. The circadian clock senses light and temperature in day-night cycles to drive biological rhythms. The clock integrates endogenous signals and exogenous stimuli to coordinate diverse physiological processes. Advances in high-throughput non-invasive assays, use of forward- and inverse-genetic approaches, and powerful algorithms are allowing quantitation of variation and detection of genes associated with circadian dynamics. Circadian rhythms and phytohormone pathways in response to endogenous and exogenous cues have been well documented the model plant Arabidopsis. Novel allelic variation associated with circadian rhythms facilitates adaptation and range expansion, and may provide additional opportunity to tailor climate-resilient crops. The circadian phase and period can determine adaptation to environments, while the robustness in the circadian amplitude can enhance resilience to environmental changes. Circadian rhythms in plants are tightly controlled by multiple and interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops involving morning (CCA1, LHY), mid-day (PRR9, PRR7, PRR5), and evening (TOC1, ELF3, ELF4, LUX) genes that maintain the plant circadian clock ticking. Significant progress has been made to unravel the functions of circadian rhythms and clock genes that regulate traits, via interaction with phytohormones and trait-responsive genes, in diverse crops. Altered circadian rhythms and clock genes may contribute to hybrid vigor as shown in Arabidopsis, maize, and rice. Modifying circadian rhythms via transgenesis or genome-editing may provide additional opportunities to develop crops with better buffering capacity to environmental stresses. Models that involve clock gene‒phytohormone‒trait interactions can provide novel insights to orchestrate circadian rhythms and modulate clock genes to facilitate breeding of all season crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Felipe Quiroz
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland.
| | - Rongling Wu
- Beijing Yanqi Lake Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Autar K Mattoo
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvagen, 10, Box 190, SE 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
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12
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Zhang X, Yu Y, Zhang J, Qian X, Li X, Sun X. Recent Progress Regarding Jasmonates in Tea Plants: Biosynthesis, Signaling, and Function in Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1079. [PMID: 38256153 PMCID: PMC10816084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea plants have to adapt to frequently challenging environments due to their sessile lifestyle and perennial evergreen nature. Jasmonates regulate not only tea plants' responses to biotic stresses, including herbivore attack and pathogen infection, but also tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as extreme weather conditions and osmotic stress. In this review, we summarize recent progress about jasmonaic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways, as well as the underlying mechanisms mediated by jasmontes in tea plants in responses to biotic stresses and abiotic stresses. This review provides a reference for future research on the JA signaling pathway in terms of its regulation against various stresses of tea plants. Due to the lack of a genetic transformation system, the JA pathway of tea plants is still in the preliminary stages. It is necessary to perform further efforts to identify new components involved in the JA regulatory pathway through the combination of genetic and biochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Yongchen Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaona Qian
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiwang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
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13
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Samanta S, Seth CS, Roychoudhury A. The molecular paradigm of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with different phytohormone signaling pathways during drought stress in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108259. [PMID: 38154293 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Drought is undoubtedly a major environmental constraint that negatively affects agricultural yield and productivity throughout the globe. Plants are extremely vulnerable to drought which imposes several physiological, biochemical and molecular perturbations. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in different plant organs is one of the inevitable consequences of drought. ROS and RNS are toxic byproducts of metabolic reactions and poise oxidative stress and nitrosative stress that are detrimental for plants. In spite of toxic effects, these potentially active radicals also play a beneficial role in mediating several signal transduction events that lead to plant acclimation and enhanced survival under harsh environmental conditions. The precise understanding of ROS and RNS signaling and their molecular paradigm with different phytohormones, such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, strigolactones, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and melatonin play a pivotal role for maintaining plant fitness and resilience to counteract drought toxicity. Therefore, the present review provides an overview of integrated systemic signaling between ROS, RNS and phytohormones during drought stress based on past and recent advancements and their influential role in conferring protection against drought-induced damages in different plant species. Indeed, it would not be presumptuous to hope that the detailed knowledge provided in this review will be helpful for designing drought-tolerant crop cultivars in the forthcoming times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Samanta
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Discipline of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, 110068, India.
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14
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Bisht N, Anshu A, Singh PC, Chauhan PS. Comprehensive analysis of OsJAZ gene family deciphers rhizobacteria-mediated nutrient stress modulation in rice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126832. [PMID: 37709234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors are crucial proteins in jasmonic acid signaling pathway that are critical for plant growth. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and characterize OsJAZs in the rice genome, revealing their structural attributes, regulatory elements, miRNA interactions, and subcellular localization. 23 JAZ transcripts across the 6 chromosomes of rice genome were identified having conserved domains and different physiochemical characteristics. Phylogenetically classified into five clades, they showed highest syntenic relationship with P. virgatum. The non-synonymous/synonymous values ranged from 0.44 to 1.21 suggesting purifying/stabilizing selection in OsJAZs. The study examined the 1.5 kb promoter region for cis-regulatory elements, and also identified 92 miRNAs targets. Furthermore, homology modeling provided insights into the 3D-structures of JAZ proteins while in-silico gene expression analysis revealed their functional diversity in various tissues and developmental stages. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis highlighted their involvement in stress adaptation to sub-optimum nutrient conditions induced by plant-beneficial rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SN13) in two rice varieties. Distinct OsJAZ expression patterns in the two varieties correlated with altered root architecture, xylem structure, and lignification. These findings affirmed that specific up-or down-regulation of OsJAZs might play critical role in SN13 induced changes in the two varieties that enabled them to survive under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anshu Anshu
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Poonam C Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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15
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Xia R, Xu L, Hao J, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhu Z, Yu Y. Transcriptome Dynamics of Brassica juncea Leaves in Response to Omnivorous Beet Armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua, Hübner). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16690. [PMID: 38069011 PMCID: PMC10706706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous plants manufacture glucosinolates (GSLs) as special and important defense compounds against insects. However, how insect feeding induces glucosinolates in Brassica to mediate insect resistance, and how plants regulate the strength of anti-insect defense response during insect feeding, remains unclear. Here, mustard (Brassica juncea), a widely cultivated Brassica plant, and beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), an economically important polyphagous pest of many crops, were used to analyze the changes in GSLs and transcriptome of Brassica during insect feeding, thereby revealing the plant-insect interaction in Brassica plants. The results showed that the content of GSLs began to significantly increase after 48 h of herbivory by S. exigua, with sinigrin as the main component. Transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 8940 DEGs were identified in mustard challenged with beet armyworm larvae. The functional enrichment results revealed that the pathways related to the biosynthesis of glucosinolate and jasmonic acid were significantly enriched by upregulated DEGs, suggesting that mustard might provide a defense against herbivory by inducing JA biosynthesis and then promoting GSL accumulation. Surprisingly, genes regulating JA catabolism and inactivation were also activated, and both JA signaling repressors (JAZs and JAMs) and activators (MYCs and NACs) were upregulated during herbivory. Taken together, our results indicate that the accumulation of GSLs regulated by JA signaling, and the regulation of active and inactive JA compound conversion, as well as the activation of JA signaling repressors and activators, collectively control the anti-insect defense response and avoid over-stunted growth in mustard during insect feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhujun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (R.X.); (L.X.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Youjian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (R.X.); (L.X.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
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16
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Bai S, Long J, Cui Y, Wang Z, Liu C, Liu F, Wang Z, Li Q. Regulation of hormone pathways in wheat infested by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:554. [PMID: 37940874 PMCID: PMC10634187 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat powdery mildew is an obligate biotrophic pathogen infecting wheat, which can pose a serious threat to wheat production. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was carried out on wheat leaves infected by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici from 0 h to 7 d. RESULTS KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed that the upstream biosynthetic pathways and downstream signal transduction pathways of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene were highly enriched at all infection periods. Trend analysis showed that the expressions of hormone-related genes were significantly expressed from 1 to 4 d, suggesting that 1 d-4 d is the main period in which hormones play a defensive role. During this period of time, the salicylic acid pathway was up-regulated, while the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways were suppressed. Meanwhile, four key modules and 11 hub genes were identified, most of which were hormone related. CONCLUSION This study improves the understanding of the dynamical responses of wheat to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici infestation at the transcriptional level and provides a reference for screening core genes regulated by hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jiaohui Long
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Fenglou Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhangjun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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17
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Ren X, Chen J, Chen S, Zhang H, Li L. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) Gene Family in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2046. [PMID: 38002989 PMCID: PMC10671770 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLAVATA3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) genes encode signaling peptides that play important roles in various developmental and physiological processes. However, the systematic identification and characterization of CLE genes in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) remain limited. In this study, we identified and characterized 41 SiCLE genes in the foxtail millet genome. These genes were distributed across nine chromosomes and classified into four groups, with five pairs resulting from gene duplication events. SiCLE genes within the same phylogenetic group shared similar gene structure and motif patterns, while 34 genes were found to be single-exon genes. All SiCLE peptides harbored the conserved C-terminal CLE domain, with highly conserved positions in the CLE core sequences shared among foxtail millet, Arabidopsis, rice, and maize. The SiCLE genes contained various cis-elements, including five plant hormone-responsive elements. Notably, 34 SiCLE genes possessed more than three types of phytohormone-responsive elements on their promoters. Comparative analysis revealed higher collinearity between CLE genes in maize and foxtail millet, which may be because they are both C4 plants. Tissue-specific expression patterns were observed, with genes within the same group exhibiting similar and specific expression profiles. SiCLE32 and SiCLE41, classified in Group D, displayed relatively high expression levels in all tissues except panicles. Most SiCLE genes exhibited low expression levels in young panicles, while SiCLE6, SiCLE24, SiCLE25, and SiCLE34 showed higher expression in young panicles, with SiCLE24 down-regulated during later panicle development. Greater numbers of SiCLE genes exhibited higher expression in roots, with SiCLE7, SiCLE22, and SiCLE36 showing the highest levels and SiCLE36 significantly down-regulated after abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Following treatments with ABA, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3), most SiCLE genes displayed down-regulation followed by subsequent recovery, while jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatments led to upregulation at 30 min in leaves. Moreover, identical hormone treatments elicited different expression patterns of the same genes in leaves and stems. This comprehensive study enhances our understanding of the SiCLE gene family and provides a foundation for further investigations into the functions and evolution of SiCLE genes in foxtail millet.
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18
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Riboni N, Bianchi F, Mattarozzi M, Caldara M, Gullì M, Graziano S, Maestri E, Marmiroli N, Careri M. Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Evaluate the Metabolomic Response of Durum Wheat to Sustainable Treatments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15407-15416. [PMID: 37796632 PMCID: PMC10591464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture aims at achieving a healthy food production while reducing the use of fertilizers and greenhouse gas emissions using biostimulants and soil amendments. Untargeted metabolomics by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility-high-resolution mass spectrometry, operating in a high-definition MSE mode, was applied to investigate the metabolome of durum wheat in response to sustainable treatments, i.e., the addition of biochar, commercial plant growth promoting microbes, and their combination. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis provided a good discrimination among treatments with sensitivity, specificity, and a non-error rate close to 1. A total of 88 and 45 discriminant compounds having biological, nutritional, and technological implications were tentatively identified in samples grown in 2020 and 2021. The addition of biochar-biostimulants produced the highest up-regulation of lipids and flavonoids, with the glycolipid desaturation being the most impacted pathway, whereas carbohydrates were mostly down-regulated. The findings achieved suggest the safe use of the combined biochar-biostimulant treatment for sustainable wheat cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Riboni
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A-17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Bianchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A-17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Center
for Energy and Environment (CIDEA), Centro Santa Elisabetta, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A-17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Caldara
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A-17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mariolina Gullì
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A-17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Graziano
- Interdepartmental
Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A-17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A-17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Centro
Santa Elisabetta, National Interuniversity
Center for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze 95, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A-17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Center SITEIA.PARMA, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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19
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Derevyanchuk M, Kretynin S, Bukhonska Y, Pokotylo I, Khripach V, Ruelland E, Filepova R, Dobrev PI, Martinec J, Kravets V. Influence of Exogenous 24-Epicasterone on the Hormonal Status of Soybean Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3586. [PMID: 37896049 PMCID: PMC10609748 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are key phytohormones involved in the regulation of major processes of cell metabolism that guide plant growth. In the past decades, new evidence has made it clear that BRs also play a key role in the orchestration of plant responses to many abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present work, we analyzed the impact of foliar treatment with 24-epicastasterone (ECS) on the endogenous content of major phytohormones (auxins, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid) and their intermediates in soybean leaves 7 days following the treatment. Changes in the endogenous content of phytohormones have been identified and quantified by LC/MS. The obtained results point to a clear role of ECS in the upregulation of auxin content (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) and downregulation of salicylic, jasmonic, and abscisic acid levels. These data confirm that under optimal conditions, ECS in tested concentrations of 0.25 µM and 1 µM might promote growth in soybeans by inducing auxin contents. Benzoic acid (a precursor of salicylic acid (SA)), but not SA itself, has also been highly accumulated under ECS treatment, which indicates an activation of the adaptation strategies of cell metabolism to possible environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Derevyanchuk
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Kretynin
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslava Bukhonska
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Pokotylo
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France;
| | - Vladimir Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich Str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne, France;
| | - Roberta Filepova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- VP Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Han S, Shen Z, Gao Q, Jin N, Lou Y. Knocking Out OsRLK7-1 Impairs Rice Growth and Development but Enhances Its Resistance to Planthoppers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14569. [PMID: 37834016 PMCID: PMC10572756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are an important subfamily of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) in plants that play key roles in sensing different biotic and abiotic stress. However, the role of LRR-RLKs in herbivore-induced plant defense remains largely elusive. Here, we found that the expression of a rice gene, OsRLK7-1, was induced by mechanical wounding, but was slightly suppressed by the infestation of gravid females of brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) or white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera). Through targeted disruption of OsRLK7-1 (resulting in the ko-rlk lines), we observed an augmentation in transcript levels of BPH-induced OsMPK3, OsWRKY30, OsWRKY33, and OsWRKY45, alongside heightened levels of planthopper-induced jasmonic acid, JA-isoleucine, and abscisic acid in plant tissues. These dynamic changes further facilitated the biosynthesis of multiple phenolamides within the rice plants, culminating in an enhanced resistance to planthopper infestations under both lab and field conditions. In addition, knocking out OsRLK7-1 impaired plant growth and reproduction. These results suggest that OsRLK7-1 plays an important role in regulating rice growth, development, and rice-planthopper interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhifan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nuo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
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21
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Yang L, Sun Q, Geng B, Shi J, Zhu H, Sun Y, Yang Q, Yang B, Guo Z. Jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme allene oxide cyclase 2 mediates cold tolerance and pathogen resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1621-1634. [PMID: 37392433 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Allene oxide cyclase (AOC) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), which is involved in plant growth and development as well as adaptation to environmental stresses. We identified the cold- and pathogen-responsive AOC2 gene from Medicago sativa subsp. falcata (MfAOC2) and its homolog MtAOC2 from Medicago truncatula. Heterologous expression of MfAOC2 in M. truncatula enhanced cold tolerance and resistance to the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, with greater accumulation of JA and higher transcript levels of JA downstream genes than in wild-type plants. In contrast, mutation of MtAOC2 reduced cold tolerance and pathogen resistance, with less accumulation of JA and lower transcript levels of JA downstream genes in the aoc2 mutant than in wild-type plants. The aoc2 phenotype and low levels of cold-responsive C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) transcripts could be rescued by expressing MfAOC2 in aoc2 plants or exogenous application of methyl jasmonate. Compared with wild-type plants, higher levels of CBF transcripts were observed in lines expressing MfAOC2 but lower levels of CBF transcripts were observed in the aoc2 mutant under cold conditions; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate-peroxidase activities as well as proline concentrations were higher in MfAOC2-expressing lines but lower in the aoc2 mutant. These results suggest that expression of MfAOC2 or MtAOC2 promotes biosynthesis of JA, which positively regulates expression of CBF genes and antioxidant defense under cold conditions and expression of JA downstream genes after pathogen infection, leading to greater cold tolerance and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiguo Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China
| | - Bohao Geng
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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22
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Fatima K, Sadaqat M, Azeem F, Rao MJ, Albekairi NA, Alshammari A, Tahir ul Qamar M. Integrated omics and machine learning-assisted profiling of cysteine-rich-receptor-like kinases from three peanut spp . revealed their role in multiple stresses. Front Genet 2023; 14:1252020. [PMID: 37799143 PMCID: PMC10547876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1252020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachis hypogaea (peanut) is a leading oil and protein-providing crop with a major food source in many countries. It is mostly grown in tropical regions and is largely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) is a family of transmembrane proteins that play important roles in regulating stress-signaling and defense mechanisms, enabling plants to tolerate stress conditions. However, almost no information is available regarding this gene family in Arachis hypogaea and its progenitors. This study conducts a pangenome-wide investigation of A. hypogaea and its two progenitors, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis CRK genes (AhCRKs, AdCRKs, and AiCRKs). The gene structure, conserved motif patterns, phylogenetic history, chromosomal distribution, and duplication were studied in detail, showing the intraspecies structural conservation and evolutionary patterns. Promoter cis-elements, protein-protein interactions, GO enrichment, and miRNA targets were also predicted, showing their potential functional conservation. Their expression in salt and drought stresses was also comprehensively studied. The CRKs identified were divided into three groups, phylogenetically. The expansion of this gene family in peanuts was caused by both types of duplication: tandem and segmental. Furthermore, positive as well as negative selection pressure directed the duplication process. The peanut CRK genes were also enriched in hormones, light, development, and stress-related elements. MicroRNA (miRNA) also targeted the AhCRK genes, which suggests the regulatory association of miRNAs in the expression of these genes. Transcriptome datasets showed that AhCRKs have varying expression levels under different abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, the multi-stress responsiveness of the AhCRK genes was evaluated using a machine learning-based method, Random Forest (RF) classifier. The 3D structures of AhCRKs were also predicted. Our study can be utilized in developing a detailed understanding of the stress regulatory mechanisms of the CRK gene family in peanuts and its further studies to improve the genetic makeup of peanuts to thrive better under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Fatima
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sadaqat
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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23
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Suwanchaikasem P, Nie S, Selby‐Pham J, Walker R, Boughton BA, Idnurm A. Hormonal and proteomic analyses of southern blight disease caused by Athelia rolfsii and root chitosan priming on Cannabis sativa in an in vitro hydroponic system. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e528. [PMID: 37692128 PMCID: PMC10485662 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Southern blight disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Athelia rolfsii, suppresses plant growth and reduces product yield in Cannabis sativa agriculture. Mechanisms of pathology of this soil-borne disease remain poorly understood, with disease management strategies reliant upon broad-spectrum antifungal use. Exposure to chitosan, a natural elicitor, has been proposed as an alternative method to control diverse fungal diseases in an eco-friendly manner. In this study, C. sativa plants were grown in the Root-TRAPR system, a transparent hydroponic growth device, where plant roots were primed with .2% colloidal chitosan prior to A. rolfsii inoculation. Both chitosan-primed and unprimed inoculated plants displayed classical symptoms of wilting and yellowish leaves, indicating successful infection. Non-primed infected plants showed increased shoot defense responses with doubling of peroxidase and chitinase activities. The levels of growth and defense hormones including auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid were increased 2-5-fold. In chitosan-primed infected plants, shoot peroxidase activity and phytohormone levels were decreased 1.5-4-fold relative to the unprimed infected plants. When compared with shoots, roots were less impacted by A. rolfsii infection, but the pathogen secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes into the root-growth solution. Chitosan priming inhibited root growth, with root lengths of chitosan-primed plants approximately 65% shorter than the control, but activated root defense responses, with root peroxidase activity increased 2.7-fold along with increased secretion of defense proteins. The results suggest that chitosan could be an alternative platform to manage southern blight disease in C. sativa cultivation; however, further optimization is required to maximize effectiveness of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuai Nie
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jamie Selby‐Pham
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Cannabis and Biostimulants Research Group Pty LtdMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robert Walker
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Berin A. Boughton
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian National Phenome CentreMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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24
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Kostic I, Nikolic N, Milanovic S, Milenkovic I, Pavlovic J, Paravinja A, Nikolic M. Silicon modifies leaf nutriome and improves growth of oak seedlings exposed to phosphorus deficiency and Phytophthora plurivora infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1265782. [PMID: 37705706 PMCID: PMC10495579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1265782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of silicon (Si) on plants have primarily been studied in crop species under single stress. Moreover, nutrient acquisition-based responses to combination of biotic and abiotic stresses (a common situation in natural habitats) have rarely been reported, in particular in conjunction with soil amendments with Si. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), one of the ecologically and economically most important tree species in Europe, is facing a severe decline due to combined stresses, but also problems in assisted regeneration in nurseries. Here, we studied the effect of Si supply on the leaf nutriome, root traits and overall growth of 12-weeks-old oak seedlings exposed to abiotic stress [low phosphorus (P) supply], biotic stress (Phytophthora plurivora root infection), and their combination. The application of Si had the strongest ameliorative effect on growth, root health and root phenome under the most severe stress conditions (i.e., combination of P deficiency and P. plurivora root infection), where it differentially affected the uptake and leaf accumulation in 11 out of 13 analysed nutrients. Silicon supply tended to reverse the pattern of change of some, but not all, leaf nutrients affected by stresses: P, boron (B) and magnesium (Mg) under P deficiency, and P, B and sulphur (S) under pathogen attack, but also nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) under all three stresses. Surprisingly, Si affected some nutrients that were not changed by a particular stress itself and decreased leaf Mg levels under all the stresses. On the other hand, pathogen attack increased leaf accumulation of Si. This exploratory work presents the complexity of nutrient crosstalk under three stresses, and opens more questions about genetic networks that control plant physiological responses. Practically, we show a potential of Si application to improve P status and root health in oak seedlings, particularly in nurseries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kostic
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Nikolic
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Milanovic
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jelena Pavlovic
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Paravinja
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Nikolic
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Liu Y, Yu Y, Fei S, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhu Z, He Y. Overexpression of Sly-miR398b Compromises Disease Resistance against Botrytis cinerea through Regulating ROS Homeostasis and JA-Related Defense Genes in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2572. [PMID: 37447133 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be critical components in plant immunity. MicroRNA398 (miR398) is a highly conserved miRNA in all land plants and plays crucial roles in diverse biotic stress responses. However, the role of miR398 has not yet been characterized in tomato resistance against Botrytis cinerea. In this report, the transcript levels of sly-miR398b were strongly decreased in B. cinerea-infected leaves and the overexpression of sly-miR398b resulted in enhanced susceptibility. The attenuated expression of cytosol Cu/Zn-SOD (CSD1), chloroplast Cu/Zn-SOD (CSD2), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD), as well as the decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GPOD, collectively led to increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in sly-miR398b overexpressing plants. Furthermore, sly-miR398b was induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. The overexpression of sly-miR398b suppressed the expression of TomLoxD, LapA, and PR-STH2 in response to B. cinerea and MeJA treatment. Our data demonstrate that sly-miR398b overexpression negatively regulates the resistance to B. cinerea in tomato by inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulating the expression of MeJA-responsive defense genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yiren Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shihong Fei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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26
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Iwai R, Uchida S, Yamaguchi S, Nagata D, Koga A, Hayashi S, Yamamoto S, Miyasaka H. Effects of LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a Purple Non-Sulfur Bacterium (PNSB), on the Gene Expression of Rice Root. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1676. [PMID: 37512850 PMCID: PMC10383378 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, a purple non-sulfur bacterium (PNSB), on the gene expression of the root of rice (Oryza sativa) were investigated by next generation sequencing (NGS) RNA-seq analysis. The rice seeds were germinated on agar plates containing 10 pg/mL of LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides NBRC 12203 (type culture). Three days after germination, RNA samples were extracted from the roots and analyzed by RNA-seq. The effects of dead (killed) PNSB cells of R. sphaeroides NBRC 12203T at the concentration of 101 cfu/mL (ca. 50 pg cell dry weight/mL) were also examined. Clean reads of NGS were mapped to rice genome (number of transcript ID: 44785), and differentially expressed genes were analyzed by DEGs. As a result of DEG analysis, 300 and 128 genes, and 86 and 8 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated by LPS and dead cells of PNSB, respectively. The plot of logFC (fold change) values of the up-regulated genes of LPS and PNSB dead cells showed a significant positive relationship (r2 = 0.6333, p < 0.0001), indicating that most of the effects of dead cell were attributed to those of LPS. Many genes related to tolerance against biotic (fungal and bacterial pathogens) and abiotic (cold, drought, and high salinity) stresses were up-regulated, and the most strikingly up-regulated genes were those involved in the jasmonate signaling pathway, and the genes of chalcone synthase isozymes, indicating that PNSB induced defense response against biotic and abiotic stresses via the jasmonate signaling pathway, despite the non-pathogenicity of PNSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranko Iwai
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Shunta Uchida
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Daiki Nagata
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Aoi Koga
- Ciamo Co., Ltd., G-2F Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hayashi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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27
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Xie SS, Duan CG. Epigenetic regulation of plant immunity: from chromatin codes to plant disease resistance. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:124-139. [PMID: 37581024 PMCID: PMC10423193 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Facing a deteriorating natural environment and an increasing serious food crisis, bioengineering-based breeding is increasing in importance. To defend against pathogen infection, plants have evolved multiple defense mechanisms, including pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). A complex regulatory network acts downstream of these PTI and ETI pathways, including hormone signal transduction and transcriptional reprogramming. In recent years, increasing lines of evidence show that epigenetic factors act, as key regulators involved in the transcriptional reprogramming, to modulate plant immune responses. Here, we summarize current progress on the regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation and histone modifications in plant defense responses. In addition, we also discuss the application of epigenetic mechanism-based resistance strategies in plant disease breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Xie
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Cheng-Guo Duan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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28
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Yang B, Zheng M, Dong W, Xu P, Zheng Y, Yang W, Luo Y, Guo J, Niu D, Yu Y, Jiang C. Plant Disease Resistance-Related Pathways Recruit Beneficial Bacteria by Remodeling Root Exudates upon Bacillus cereus AR156 Treatment. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0361122. [PMID: 36786562 PMCID: PMC10100852 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03611-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmentally friendly biological control strategy that relies on beneficial bacterial inoculants to improve plant disease resistance is a promising strategy. Previously, it has been demonstrated that biocontrol bacteria treatments can change the plant rhizosphere microbiota but whether plant signaling pathways, especially those related to disease resistance, mediate the changes in rhizosphere microbiota has not been explored. Here, we investigated the complex interplay among biocontrol strains, plant disease resistance-related pathways, root exudates, rhizosphere microorganisms, and pathogens to further clarify the biocontrol mechanism of biocontrol bacteria by using plant signaling pathway mutants. Bacillus cereus AR156, which was previously isolated from forest soil by our laboratory, can significantly control tomato bacterial wilt disease in greenhouse and field experiments. Moreover, compared with the control treatment, the B. cereus AR156 treatment had a significant effect on the soil microbiome and recruited 35 genera of bacteria to enrich the rhizosphere of tomato. Among them, the relative rhizosphere abundance of nine genera, including Ammoniphilus, Bacillus, Bosea, Candidimonas, Flexivirga, Brevundimonas, Bordetella, Dyella, and Candidatus_Berkiella, was regulated by plant disease resistance-related signaling pathways and B. cereus AR156. Linear correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of six genera in the rhizosphere were significantly negatively correlated with pathogen colonization in roots. These rhizosphere bacteria were affected by plant root exudates that are regulated by signaling pathways. IMPORTANCE Our data suggest that B. cereus AR156 can promote the enrichment of beneficial microorganisms in the plant rhizosphere by regulating salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signaling pathways in plants, thereby playing a role in controlling bacterial wilt disease. Meanwhile, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of these beneficial bacteria were correlated with the secretion of root exudates. Our study reveals a new mechanism for SA and JA/ET signals to participate in the adjustment of plant resistance whereby the signaling pathways adjust the rhizosphere microecology by changing the root exudates and thus change plant resistance. On the other hand, biocontrol strains can utilize this mechanism to recruit beneficial bacteria by activating disease resistance-related signaling pathways to confine the infection and spread of pathogens. Finally, our data also provide a new idea for the in-depth study of biocontrol mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingye Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzi Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenpan Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiling Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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Breen S, McLellan H, Birch PRJ, Gilroy EM. Tuning the Wavelength: Manipulation of Light Signaling to Control Plant Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043803. [PMID: 36835216 PMCID: PMC9958957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth-defense trade-off in plants is a phenomenon whereby plants must balance the allocation of their resources between developmental growth and defense against attack by pests and pathogens. Consequently, there are a series of points where growth signaling can negatively regulate defenses and where defense signaling can inhibit growth. Light perception by various photoreceptors has a major role in the control of growth and thus many points where it can influence defense. Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate defense signaling in their hosts. Evidence is emerging that some of these effectors target light signaling pathways. Several effectors from different kingdoms of life have converged on key chloroplast processes to take advantage of regulatory crosstalk. Moreover, plant pathogens also perceive and react to light in complex ways to regulate their own growth, development, and virulence. Recent work has shown that varying light wavelengths may provide a novel way of controlling or preventing disease outbreaks in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Breen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Hazel McLellan
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul R. J. Birch
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, At James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Eleanor M. Gilroy
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1382568827
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Premachandran K, Srinivasan TS. A brief review on oryzacystatin: a potent phytocystatin for crop management. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1799-1807. [PMID: 36471210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytocystatins are a type of proteinase inhibitor which are extensively studied for their specific inhibitory action against cysteine protease enzymes (CP) of insects and pathogens. Oryzacystatins (OC), a phytocystatin from rice inhibits CP in a reversible manner with its conserved tripartite wedge. OCs have important role in plant innate defense mechanism through phytohormonal signalling pathways. OC are induced in response to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions and are used to develop transgenic plants exhibiting resistance against stress conditions. In this review, we focus on the structure and mechanism of action of oryzacystatins, their possible role in plant physiology, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance mechanism in plants and their potential application strategies for future crop management studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamanikumar Premachandran
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Thanga Suja Srinivasan
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
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The Influence of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on the Biosynthesis of Steroids and Triterpenoids in Calendula officinalis Plants and Hairy Root Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012173. [PMID: 36293029 PMCID: PMC9603384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between steroids and triterpenoids, compounds sharing the same biosynthetic pathway but exerting distinctive functions, is an important part of the defense strategy of plants, and includes metabolic modifications triggered by stress hormones such as jasmonic acid. Two experimental models, Calendula officinalis hairy root cultures and greenhouse cultivated plants (pot plants), were applied for the investigation of the effects of exogenously applied jasmonic acid on the biosynthesis and accumulation of steroids and triterpenoids, characterized by targeted GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) metabolomic profiling. Jasmonic acid elicitation strongly increased triterpenoid saponin production in hairy root cultures (up to 86-fold) and their release to the medium (up to 533-fold), whereas the effect observed in pot plants was less remarkable (two-fold enhancement of saponin biosynthesis after a single foliar application). In both models, the increase of triterpenoid biosynthesis was coupled with hampering the biomass formation and modifying the sterol content, involving stigmasterol-to-sitosterol ratio, and the proportions between ester and glycoside conjugates. The study revealed that various organs in the same plant can react differently to jasmonic acid elicitation; hairy root cultures are a useful in vitro model to track metabolic changes, and enhanced glycosylation (of both triterpenoids and sterols) seems to be important strategy in plant defense response.
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Zhang Q, Zhou M, Wang J. Increasing the activities of protective enzymes is an important strategy to improve resistance in cucumber to powdery mildew disease and melon aphid under different infection/infestation patterns. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950538. [PMID: 36061767 PMCID: PMC9428622 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Poll., and melon aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) are a typical disease and insect pest, respectively, that affect cucumber production. Powdery mildew and melon aphid often occur together in greenhouse production, resulting in a reduction in cucumber yield. At present there are no reports on the physiological and biochemical effects of the combined disease and pest infection/infestation on cucumber. This study explored how cucumbers can regulate photosynthesis, protective enzyme activity, and basic metabolism to resist the fungal disease and aphids. After powdery mildew infection, the chlorophyll and free proline contents in cucumber leaves decreased, while the activities of POD (peroxidase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) and the soluble protein and MDA (malondialdehyde) contents increased. Cucumber plants resist aphid attack by increasing the rates of photosynthesis and basal metabolism, and also by increasing the activities of protective enzymes. The combination of powdery mildew infection and aphid infestation reduced photosynthesis and basal metabolism in cucumber plants, although the activities of several protective enzymes increased. Aphid attack after powdery mildew infection or powdery mildew infection after aphid attack had the opposite effect on photosynthesis, protective enzyme activity, and basal metabolism regulation. Azoxystrobin and imidacloprid increased the contents of chlorophyll, free proline, and soluble protein, increased SOD activity, and decreased the MDA content in cucumber leaves. However, these compounds had the opposite effect on the soluble sugar content and POD and CAT (catalase) activities. The mixed ratio of the two single agents could improve the resistance of cucumber to the combined infection of powdery mildew and aphids. These results show that cucumber can enhance its pest/pathogen resistance by changing physiological metabolism when exposed to a complex infection system of pathogenic microorganisms and insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jungang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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