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Pathak K, Saikia R, Sarma H, Pathak MP, Das RJ, Gogoi U, Ahmad MZ, Das A, Wahab BAA. Nanotheranostics: application of nanosensors in diabetes management. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:119-133. [PMID: 37255773 PMCID: PMC10225368 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of the present study is to discuss the use of nanomaterials like nanosensors for diagnosing Diabetes and highlight their applications in the treatment of Diabetes. Methods Diabetes mellitus (D.M.) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Orally administered antidiabetic drugs like glibenclamide, glipalamide, and metformin can partially lower blood sugar levels, but long-term use causes kidney and liver damage. Recent breakthroughs in nanotheranostics have emerged as a powerful tool for diabetes treatment and diagnosis. Results Nanotheranostics is a rapidly developing area that can revolutionize diabetes diagnosis and treatment by combining therapy and imaging in a single probe, allowing for pancreas-specific drug and insulin delivery. Nanotheranostic in Diabetes research has facilitated the development of improved glucose monitoring and insulin administration modalities, which promise to improve the quality of life for people with Diabetes drastically. Further, nanomaterials like nanocarriers and unique functional nanomaterials used as nano theranostics tools for treating Diabetes will also be highlighted. Conclusion The nanosensors discussed in this review article will encourage researchers to develop innovative nanomaterials with novel functionalities and properties for diabetes detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Himangshu Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (GIPS), Girijananda ChowdhuryUniversity, Guwahati, Assam India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Down Town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam India
| | - Ratna Jyoti Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Dibrugarh University, 784006 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Basel A. Abdel Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Giannubilo SR, Ciavattini A. Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Transgenerational Challenge. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062144. [PMID: 36983148 PMCID: PMC10054379 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been defined as “a glucose intolerance of variable magnitude that begins or is first diagnosed in pregnancy” and that, in most cases, resolves after delivery [...]
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Bogdanet D, Luque-Fernandez MA, Toth-Castillo M, Desoye G, O’Shea PM, Dunne FP, Halperin JA. The Role of Early Pregnancy Maternal pGCD59 Levels in Predicting Neonatal Hypoglycemia-Subanalysis of the DALI Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4311-e4319. [PMID: 36054347 PMCID: PMC9681607 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Neonatal hypoglycaemia (NH) is the most common metabolic problem in infants born of mothers with gestational diabetes. Plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) is an emerging biomarker that has shown potential in identifying women at risk of developing gestational diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the association between early maternal levels of pGCD59 and NH. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the association between early pregnancy maternal levels of plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) and neonatal hypoglycemia (NH). METHODS This is an observational study of pregnant women with a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 29 screened for eligibility to participate in the Vitamin D and Lifestyle Intervention for Gestational Diabetes (DALI) trial. This analysis included 399 pregnancies. Levels of pGCD59 were measured in fasting maternal samples taken at the time of a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test performed in early pregnancy (< 20 weeks). NH, the study outcome, was defined as a heel-prick capillary glucose level of less than 2.6 mmol/L within 48 hours of delivery. RESULTS We identified 30 infants with NH. Maternal levels of pGCD59 in early pregnancy were positively associated with the prevalence of NH (one-way analysis of variance, P < .001). The odds of NH were higher in infants from mothers in tertile 3 of pGCD59 levels compared to those from mothers in tertile 1 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.41; 95% CI, 1.03-5.63). However, this was attenuated when adjusted for maternal BMI (OR: 2.28; 95% CI, 0.96-5.43). The cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.54-0.74), and adjusted for maternal BMI, age, and ethnicity, the AUC was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56-0.78). CONCLUSION Although pGCD59 levels in early pregnancy in women with BMI greater than or equal to 29 are associated with NH, our results indicate that this biomarker by itself is only a fair predictor of NH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Bogdanet
- Correspondence: Delia Bogdanet, MSc, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London KT12EE, UK
| | - Michelle Toth-Castillo
- Division of Hematology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medizinische Universitaet Graz, Graz A8036, Austria
| | - Paula M O’Shea
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Saolta University Health Care Group (SUHCG), Galway University Hospitals, Galway H91YR71, Ireland
| | - Fidelma P Dunne
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Jose A Halperin
- Division of Hematology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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The Relationship between Serum Adipokines, miR-222-3p, miR-103a-3p and Glucose Regulation in Pregnancy and Two to Three Years Post-Delivery in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Adhering to Mediterranean Diet Recommendations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224712. [PMID: 36432399 PMCID: PMC9698999 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The San Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) prevention study, a nutritional intervention RCT based on a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), has been shown to reduce the incidence of GDM. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), insulin and HOMA-IRand circulating miRNAs (miR-29a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-222-3p) with the appearance of GDM and with MedDiet-based nutritional intervention, at 24−28 gestational weeks (GW), and in glucose regulation 2−3 years post-delivery (PD). A total of 313 pregnant women, 77 with GDM vs. 236 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 141 from the control group (CG, MedDiet restricting the consumption of dietary fat including EVOO and nuts during pregnancy) vs. 172 from the intervention group (IG, MedDiet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios during pregnancy) were compared at Visit 1 (8−12 GW), Visit 2 (24−28 GW) and Visit 3 (2−3 years PD). Expression of miRNAs was determined by the Exiqon miRCURY LNA RT-PCR system. Leptin, adiponectin, IL-6 and TNF-α, were measured by Milliplex® immunoassays on Luminex 200 and insulin by RIA. Women with GDM vs. NTG had significantly higher leptin median (Q1−Q3) levels (14.6 (9.2−19.4) vs. 9.6 (6.0−15.1) ng/mL; p < 0.05) and insulin levels (11.4 (8.6−16.5) vs. 9.4 (7.0−12.8) µUI/mL; p < 0.001) and lower adiponectin (12.9 (9.8−17.2) vs. 17.0 (13.3−22.4) µg/mL; p < 0.001) at Visit 2. These findings persisted in Visit 3, with overexpression of miR-222-3p (1.45 (0.76−2.21) vs. 0.99 (0.21−1.70); p < 0.05)) and higher levels of Il-6 and TNF-α. When the IG is compared with the CG lower levels of insulin, HOMA-IR-IR, IL-6 levels at Visit 2 and 3 and leptin levels only at Visit 2 were observed. An overexpression of miR-222-3p and miR-103a-3p were also observed in IG at Visit 2 and 3. The miR-222-3p and miR103a-3p expression correlated with insulin levels, HOMA-IR, IL-6 and TNF-α at Visit 2 (all p < 0.05). These data support the association of leptin, adiponectin and insulin/HOMA-IR with GDM, as well as the association of insulin/HOMA-IR and IL-6 and miR-222-3p and miR-103a-3p expression with a MedDiet-based nutritional intervention.
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Chen L. Metabolomic Markers in Early Pregnancy for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 2022; 71:1620-1622. [PMID: 35881833 PMCID: PMC10442189 DOI: 10.2337/dbi22-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Andrews C, Toth-Castillo M, Aktas H, Fernandez MAL, Wong SK, Sen S, Halperin J. Plasma-glycated CD59 as an early biomarker for gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054773. [PMID: 35443950 PMCID: PMC9021770 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significant maternal and neonatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) make it a major public health concern. Mothers with GDM are at greater risk of pregnancy complications and their offspring are at higher risk of diabetes and obesity. Currently, GDM is diagnosed with glucose load methods which are time-consuming and inconvenient to administer more than once during pregnancy; for this reason, there is a recognised need for a more accurate and simpler test for GDM. Previous studies indicate that plasma-glycated CD59 (pGCD59) is a novel biomarker for GDM. We present here the protocol of a prospective cohort study designed to (1) determine the accuracy of pGCD59 as an early, first trimester predictor of GDM and gestational impaired glucose tolerance and (2) assess the associations between pGCD59 levels and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will obtain discarded plasma samples from pregnant women at two time points: first prenatal visit (usually <14 weeks gestation) and gestational weeks 24-28. A study-specific medical record abstraction tool will be used to obtain relevant maternal and neonatal clinical data from the EPIC clinical database. The prevalence of GDM will be determined using standard of care glucose load test results. We will determine the sensitivity and specificity of pGCD59 to predict the diagnosis of GDM and gestational impaired glucose tolerance, as well as the associations between levels of pGCD59 and the prevalence of maternal and neonatal outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board (protocol 2011P002254). The results of this study will be presented at international meetings and disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Andrews
- Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Huseyin Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Steven Koon Wong
- Department of Digital Health eCare, Mass General Brigham Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Halperin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Broni EK, Ndumele CE, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Kalyani RR, Bennett WL, Michos ED. The Diabetes-Cardiovascular Connection in Women: Understanding the Known Risks, Outcomes, and Implications for Care. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:11-25. [PMID: 35157237 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications constitute about 50-70% of mortality in people with diabetes. However, there remains a persistently greater relative increase in CVD morbidity and mortality in women with diabetes than in their male counterparts. This review presents recent evidence for the risks, outcomes, and management implications for women with diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Compared to men, women have higher BMI and more adverse cardiovascular risk profile at time of diabetes diagnosis with greater risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular dementia, and heart failure. Pregnancy-specific risk factors of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia are associated with future type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD. Women with T2D may experience greater benefits than men from GLP-1 receptor agonists. Women with diabetes are at greater relative risk for CVD complications than men, with poorer outcomes, superimposed on preexisting gender disparities in social determinants of health, lower likelihood of being offered cardioprotective interventions, and enrollment in trials. Further research and the utilization of SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and other CVD prevention strategies will help reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Broni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wendy L Bennett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Blalock 524-B, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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8
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Early Identification of the Maternal, Placental and Fetal Dialog in Gestational Diabetes and Its Prevention. REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reprodmed3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates between 5 and 12% of pregnancies, with associated maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. The ideal screening and diagnostic criteria to diagnose and treat GDM have not been established and, currently, diagnostic use with an oral glucose tolerance test occurs late in pregnancy and produces poor reproducibility. Therefore, in recent years, significant research has been undertaken to identify a first-trimester biomarker that can predict GDM later in pregnancy, enable early intervention, and reduce GDM-related adverse pregnancy outcomes. Possible biomarkers include glycemic markers (fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c), adipocyte-derived markers (adiponectin and leptin), pregnancy-related markers (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and the placental growth factor), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α), insulin resistance markers (sex hormone-binding globulin), and others. This review summarizes current data on first-trimester biomarkers, the advantages, and the limitations. Large multi-ethnic clinical trials and cost-effectiveness analyses are needed not only to build effective prediction models but also to validate their clinical use.
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Barani M, Sargazi S, Mohammadzadeh V, Rahdar A, Pandey S, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Thakur VK. Theranostic Advances of Bionanomaterials against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Review. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 34698244 PMCID: PMC8544389 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent complication during pregnancy. This complex disease is characterized by glucose intolerance and consequent hyperglycemia that begins or is first diagnosed in pregnancy, and affects almost 7% of pregnant women. Previous reports have shown that GDM is associated with increased pregnancy complications and might cause abnormal fetal development. At present, treatments are not suitable for the prevention and management of these patients. As an alternative therapeutic opportunity and a leading scientific technique, nanotechnology has helped enlighten the health of these affected women. Theranostic nanomaterials with unique properties and small sizes (at least <100 nm in one of their dimensions) have been recently engineered for clinics and pharmaceutics. Reducing materials to the nanoscale has successfully changed their properties and enabled them to uniquely interact with cell biomolecules. Several biosensing methods have been developed to monitor glucose levels in GDM patients. Moreover, cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs), selenium NPs, polymeric NPs, and drug-loaded NPs loaded with therapeutic agents have been used for GDM treatment. Still, there are some challenges associated with the detection limits and toxicity of such nanomaterials. This preliminary review covers the aspects from a fast-developing field to generating nanomaterials and their applications in GDM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran;
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 53898615, Iran
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Noida 201314, India
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India
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Benhalima K. Recent Advances in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102202. [PMID: 34069666 PMCID: PMC8161167 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overt diabetes in pregnancy is rising globally [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Benhalima
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Relationship between Serum Leptin Values and Abdominal Circumference Assessed in the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Obese Women. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:428-432. [PMID: 35003776 PMCID: PMC8679153 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.03.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Higher serum leptin values have been correlated with several complications of pregnancy, while the abdominal circumference (AC) is an anthropometric measurement usually used to diagnose abdominal obesity. For this study we compared serum leptin levels between two groups of pregnant women: those with abdominal obesity (AC>88cm) and those without abdominal obesity (AC<88cm), diagnosed at the beginning of pregnancy. Serum leptin levels were obtained through measurements performed between 11-14 and 28-32 weeks of gestation. Higher serum leptin levels were found in the group of pregnant women with abdominal obesity comparing to the group without abdominal obesity, but a positive correlation between abdominal circumference and the leptin values was found only at 11-14 weeks of pregnancy. Our study showed that a simple measurement of AC performed at the beginning of pregnancy may predict the average serum levels of leptin throughout the gestation period. A better understanding of the role of leptin during development is needed to make us able to know how maternal-placental-fetal leptin exchange influence the fetal development.
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Liu C, Wang Y, Zheng W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Song W, Wang A, Ma X, Li G. Putrescine as a Novel Biomarker of Maternal Serum in First Trimester for the Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:759893. [PMID: 34970221 PMCID: PMC8712719 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.759893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Early identification of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) aims to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Currently, no acknowledged biomarker has proven clinically useful for the accurate prediction of GDM. In this study, we tested whether serum putrescine level changed in the first trimester and could improve the prediction of GDM. METHODS This study is a nested case-control study conducted in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. We examined serum putrescine at 8-12 weeks pregnancy in 47 women with GDM and 47 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched normoglycaemic women. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables were obtained during the same period. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the discrimination and calibration of the prediction models. RESULTS Serum putrescine in the first trimester was significantly higher in women who later developed GDM. When using putrescine alone to predict the risk of GDM, the AUC of the nomogram was 0.904 (sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83%, 95% CI=0.832-0.976, P<0.001). When combined with traditional risk factors (prepregnant BMI and fasting blood glucose), the AUC was 0.951 (sensitivity of 89.4% and specificity of 91.5%, 95% CI=0.906-0.995, P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed that GDM women had an elevated level of serum putrescine in the first trimester. Circulating putrescine may serve as a valuable predictive biomarker for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Li, ; Xu Ma,
| | - Guanghui Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Li, ; Xu Ma,
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