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Larenas-Muñoz F, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Ruedas-Torres I, Álvarez-Delgado C, Fristiková K, Pallarés FJ, Carrasco L, Chicano-Gálvez E, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Gómez-Laguna J. Proteomic analysis of granulomas from cattle and pigs naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by MALDI imaging. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369278. [PMID: 39021575 PMCID: PMC11252589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has recently gained prominence for its ability to provide molecular and spatial information in tissue sections. This technology has the potential to uncover novel insights into proteins and other molecules in biological and immunological pathways activated along diseases with a complex host-pathogen interaction, such as animal tuberculosis. Thus, the present study conducted a data analysis of protein signature in granulomas of cattle and pigs naturally infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), identifying biological and immunological signaling pathways activated throughout the disease. Lymph nodes from four pigs and four cattle, positive for the MTC by bacteriological culture and/or real-time PCR, were processed for histopathological examination and MALDI-MSI. Protein identities were assigned using the MaTisse database, and protein-protein interaction networks were visualized using the STRING database. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was carried out to determine biological and immunological signaling pathways in which these proteins could participate together with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Distinct proteomic profiles between cattle and pig granulomas were displayed. Noteworthy, the GO analysis revealed also common pathways among both species, such as "Complement activation, alternative pathway" and "Tricarboxylic acid cycle", which highlight pathways that are conserved among different species infected by the MTC. In addition, species-specific terms were identified in the current study, such as "Natural killer cell degranulation" in cattle or those related to platelet and neutrophil recruitment and activation in pigs. Overall, this study provides insights into the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis in cattle and pigs, opening new areas of research and highlighting the importance, among others, of the complement activation pathway and the regulation of natural killer cell- and neutrophil-mediated immunity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Pathology Group, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Álvarez-Delgado
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Karola Fristiková
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Chicano-Gálvez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIBIC) Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Imaging Unit (IMSMI), Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Magdalena Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), Unidad de Investigación Competitiva (UIC) Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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2
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Zhuang L, Yang L, Li L, Ye Z, Gong W. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immune response, biomarkers, and therapeutic intervention. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e419. [PMID: 38188605 PMCID: PMC10771061 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease, the progression of the disease following Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is closely associated with the host's immune response. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment was conducted from an immunological perspective. First, we delved into the host's immune response mechanisms against MTB infection as well as the immune evasion mechanisms of the bacteria. Addressing the challenges currently faced in TB diagnosis and treatment, we also emphasized the importance of protein, genetic, and immunological biomarkers, aiming to provide new insights for early and personalized diagnosis and treatment of TB. Building upon this foundation, we further discussed intervention strategies involving chemical and immunological treatments for the increasingly critical issue of drug-resistant TB and other forms of TB. Finally, we summarized TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment challenges and put forward future perspectives. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the immunological aspects of TB and offer new directions toward achieving the WHO's goal of eradicating TB by 2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and TreatmentSenior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Ling Yang
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Linsheng Li
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Senior Department of TuberculosisHebei North UniversityZhangjiakouHebeiChina
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and TreatmentSenior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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3
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Saini S, Gangwar A, Sharma R. Harnessing host-pathogen interactions for innovative drug discovery and host-directed therapeutics to tackle tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2023; 275:127466. [PMID: 37531813 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which has been ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. As an intracellular pathogen, Mtb has well adapted to the phagocytic host microenvironment, influencing diverse host processes such as gene expression, trafficking, metabolism, and signaling pathways of the host to its advantage. These responses are the result of dynamic interactions of the bacteria with the host cell signaling pathways, whereby the bacteria attenuate the host cellular processes for their survival. Specific host genes and the mechanisms involved in the entry and subsequent stabilization of M. tuberculosis intracellularly have been identified in various genetic and chemical screens recently. The present understanding of the co-evolution of Mtb and macrophage system presented us the new possibilities for exploring host-directed therapeutics (HDT). Here, we discuss the host-pathogen interaction for Mtb, including the pathways adapted by Mtb to escape immunity. The review sheds light on different host-directed therapies (HDTs) such as repurposed drugs and vitamins, along with their targets such as granuloma, autophagy, extracellular matrix, lipids, and cytokines, among others. The article also examines the available clinical data on these drug molecules. In conclusion, the review presents a perspective on the current knowledge in the field of HDTs and the need for additional research to overcome the challenges associated HDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Saini
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjali Gangwar
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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4
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García-Bengoa M, Meurer M, Stehr M, Elamin AA, Singh M, Oehlmann W, Mörgelin M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE/PPE proteins enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206529. [PMID: 37675111 PMCID: PMC10478095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil granulocytes predominate in the lungs of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in earlier stages of the disease. During infection, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), an antimicrobial mechanism by which a DNA-backbone spiked with antimicrobial components traps the mycobacteria. However, the specific mycobacterial factors driving NET formation remain unclear. Proteins from the proline-glutamic acid (PE)/proline-proline-glutamic acid (PPE) family are critical to Mtb pathophysiology and virulence. Methods Here, we investigated NET induction by PE18, PPE26, and PE31 in primary human blood-derived neutrophils. Neutrophils were stimulated with the respective proteins for 3h, and NET formation was subsequently assessed using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Intracellular ROS levels and cell necrosis were estimated by flow cytometry. Additionally, the influence of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a known NADPH oxidase enhancer, on NET formation was examined. Neutrophil integrity following incubation with the PE/PPE proteins was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Results For the first time, we report that stimulation of primary human blood-derived neutrophils with Mtb proteins PE18, PPE26, and PE31 resulted in the formation of NETs, which correlated with an increase in intracellular ROS levels. Notably, the presence of PMA further amplified this effect. Following incubation with the PE/PPE proteins, neutrophils were found to remain viable and structurally intact, as verified through transmission electron microscopy, indicating the occurrence of vital NET formation. Discussion These findings offer valuable insights that contribute to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions during Mtb infection. Moreover, they underscore the significance of these particular Mtb antigens in triggering NET formation, representing a distinctive and previously unrecognized function of PE/PPE antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Bengoa
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marita Meurer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Stehr
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Zhuang L, Ye Z, Li L, Yang L, Gong W. Next-Generation TB Vaccines: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1304. [PMID: 37631874 PMCID: PMC10457792 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a prevalent global infectious disease and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Currently, the only available vaccine for TB prevention is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, BCG demonstrates limited efficacy, particularly in adults. Efforts to develop effective TB vaccines have been ongoing for nearly a century. In this review, we have examined the current obstacles in TB vaccine research and emphasized the significance of understanding the interaction mechanism between MTB and hosts in order to provide new avenues for research and establish a solid foundation for the development of novel vaccines. We have also assessed various TB vaccine candidates, including inactivated vaccines, attenuated live vaccines, subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, and the emerging mRNA vaccines as well as virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines, which are currently in preclinical stages or clinical trials. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges and opportunities associated with developing different types of TB vaccines and outlined future directions for TB vaccine research, aiming to expedite the development of effective vaccines. This comprehensive review offers a summary of the progress made in the field of novel TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Linsheng Li
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
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Carabalí-Isajar ML, Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Amado T, Patarroyo MA, Izquierdo MA, Lutz JR, Ocampo M. Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:206. [PMID: 37221438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a far-reaching, high-impact disease. It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide caused by a single infectious agent; 1.6 million tuberculosis-related deaths were reported in 2021 and it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are carriers of the tuberculosis bacillus but do not develop active disease. Several authors have attributed this to hosts' differential immune response in which cellular and humoral components are involved, along with cytokines and chemokines. Ascertaining the relationship between TB development's clinical manifestations and an immune response should increase understanding of tuberculosis pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms and correlating such material with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem globally. Mortality rates have not decreased significantly; rather, they are increasing. This review has thus been aimed at deepening knowledge regarding tuberculosis by examining published material related to an immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterial evasion mechanisms regarding such response and the relationship between pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations induced by this bacterium which are related to inflammation associated with tuberculosis dissemination through different routes.
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Grants
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- b PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- c Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
- d Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- f Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lilián Carabalí-Isajar
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences Programme, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, 111221, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Tatiana Amado
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Izquierdo
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Ricardo Lutz
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Marisol Ocampo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Thimmappa PY, Vasishta S, Ganesh K, Nair AS, Joshi MB. Neutrophil (dys)function due to altered immuno-metabolic axis in type 2 diabetes: implications in combating infections. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00905-7. [PMID: 37115481 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and inflammatory pathways are highly interdependent, and both systems are dysregulated in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is associated with pre-activated inflammatory signaling networks, aberrant cytokine production and increased acute phase reactants which leads to a pro-inflammatory 'feed forward loop'. Nutrient 'excess' conditions in T2D with hyperglycemia, elevated lipids and branched-chain amino acids significantly alter the functions of immune cells including neutrophils. Neutrophils are metabolically active cells and utilizes energy from glycolysis, stored glycogen and β-oxidation while depending on the pentose phosphate pathway for NADPH for performing effector functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis and forming extracellular traps. Metabolic changes in T2D result in constitutive activation and impeded acquisition of effector or regulatory activities of neutrophils and render T2D subjects for recurrent infections. Increased flux through the polyol and hexosamine pathways, elevated production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and activation of protein kinase C isoforms lead to (a) an enhancement in superoxide generation; (b) the stimulation of inflammatory pathways and subsequently to (c) abnormal host responses. Neutrophil dysfunction diminishes the effectiveness of wound healing, successful tissue regeneration and immune surveillance against offending pathogens. Hence, Metabolic reprogramming in neutrophils determines frequency, severity and duration of infections in T2D. The present review discusses the influence of the altered immuno-metabolic axis on neutrophil dysfunction along with challenges and therapeutic opportunities for clinical management of T2D-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yedehalli Thimmappa
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kailash Ganesh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Aswathy S Nair
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Alcantara CA, Glassman I, Nguyen KH, Parthasarathy A, Venketaraman V. Neutrophils in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030631. [PMID: 36992214 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) continues to be a leading cause of mortality within developing countries. The BCG vaccine to promote immunity against M. tb is widely used in developing countries and only in specific circumstances within the United States. However, current the literature reports equivocal data on the efficacy of the BCG vaccine. Critical within their role in the innate immune response, neutrophils serve as one of the first responders to infectious pathogens such as M. tb. Neutrophils promote effective clearance of M. tb through processes such as phagocytosis and the secretion of destructive granules. During the adaptative immune response, neutrophils modulate communication with lymphocytes to promote a strong pro-inflammatory response and to mediate the containment M. tb through the production of granulomas. In this review, we aim to highlight and summarize the role of neutrophils during an M. tb infection. Furthermore, the authors emphasize the need for more studies to be conducted on effective vaccination against M. tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheldon Ann Alcantara
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Ira Glassman
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Kevin H Nguyen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | | | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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9
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Umeres-Francia GE, Rojas-Fernández MV, Herrera-Añazco P, Benites-Zapata VA. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as risk factors for mortality in Peruvian adults with chronic kidney disease. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-022-00420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To assess the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with all-cause mortality in Peruvian patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) attending a tertiary hospital.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in adults with CKD in stages 1–5. The outcome variable was mortality and as variables of exposure to NLR and PLR. Both ratios were categorized as high with a cutoff point of 3.5 and 232.5, respectively. We carried out a Cox regression model and calculated crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with their 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
Results
We analyzed 343 participants with a mean age of 78.3 (± 11.9) years and 62.9% (n = 216) men. The median follow-up time was 2.45 years (2.08–3.08), and the frequency of deaths was 17.5% (n = 60). The mortality of patients with high NLR was 28% compared to 15.7% of the group with normal NLR, and the mortality was 35.7% in those with high PLR and 15.6% in those with normal PLR. In the crude analysis, the high NLR and PLR were significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.11–3.66) and (HR = 2.58; 95% CI 1.31–5.20). In the multivariate model, after adjusting for age, sex, serum creatinine, albumin and hemoglobin, the high NLR and PLR remained as independent risk factors for all-cause mortality (aHR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.05–3.69) and (aHR = 2.62; 95% CI 1.25–5.51), respectively.
Conclusion
Our study suggests the relationship between high NLR and PLR with all-cause mortality in patients with CKD.
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Alisjahbana B, Sulastri N, Livia R, Apriani L, Verrall AJ, Sahiratmadja E. Neutrophils and lymphocytes in relation to MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels in pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV co-infection. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2022; 27:100308. [PMID: 35284660 PMCID: PMC8913355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2022.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Result Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachti Alisjahbana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Nuni Sulastri
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Resvi Livia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Lika Apriani
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ayesha J Verrall
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Edhyana Sahiratmadja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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La Manna MP, Orlando V, Badami GD, Tamburini B, Azgomi MS, Presti EL, Del Nonno F, Petrone L, Belmonte B, Falasca L, Carlo PD, Dieli F, Goletti D, Caccamo N. Platelets accumulate in lung lesions of tuberculosis patients and inhibit T-cell responses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication in macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:784-799. [PMID: 35338775 PMCID: PMC9325462 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Platelets regulate human inflammatory responses that lead to disease. However, the role of platelets in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, we show that patients with active TB have a high number of platelets in peripheral blood and a low number of lymphocytes leading to a high platelets to lymphocytes ratio (PL ratio). Moreover, the serum concentration of different mediators promoting platelet differentiation or associated with platelet activation is increased in active TB. Immunohistochemistry analysis shows that platelets localise around the lung granuloma lesions in close contact with T lymphocytes and macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis of caseous tissue of human pulmonary TB granulomas, followed by Gene Ontology analysis, shows that 53 platelet activation‐associated genes are highly expressed compared to the normal lung tissue. In vitro activated platelets (or their supernatants) inhibit BCG‐induced T‐ lymphocyte proliferation and IFN‐γ production. Likewise, platelets inhibit the growth of intracellular macrophages of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. Soluble factors released by activated platelets mediate both immunological and M. tuberculosis replication activities. Furthermore, proteomic and neutralisation studies (by mAbs) identify TGF‐β and PF4 as the factors responsible for inhibiting T‐cell response and enhancing the mycobactericidal activity of macrophages, respectively. Altogether these results highlight the importance of platelets in TB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR).,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR).,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Giusto D Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR).,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR).,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR).,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- Pathology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- Pathology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR).,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR).,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
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12
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Larsen SE, Williams BD, Rais M, Coler RN, Baldwin SL. It Takes a Village: The Multifaceted Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840225. [PMID: 35359957 PMCID: PMC8960931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite co-evolving with humans for centuries and being intensely studied for decades, the immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have yet to be fully defined. This lapse in understanding is a major lag in the pipeline for evaluating and advancing efficacious vaccine candidates. While CD4+ T helper 1 (TH1) pro-inflammatory responses have a significant role in controlling Mtb infection, the historically narrow focus on this cell population may have eclipsed the characterization of other requisite arms of the immune system. Over the last decade, the tuberculosis (TB) research community has intentionally and intensely increased the breadth of investigation of other immune players. Here, we review mechanistic preclinical studies as well as clinical anecdotes that suggest the degree to which different cell types, such as NK cells, CD8+ T cells, γ δ T cells, and B cells, influence infection or disease prevention. Additionally, we categorically outline the observed role each major cell type plays in vaccine-induced immunity, including Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Novel vaccine candidates advancing through either the preclinical or clinical pipeline leverage different platforms (e.g., protein + adjuvant, vector-based, nucleic acid-based) to purposefully elicit complex immune responses, and we review those design rationales and results to date. The better we as a community understand the essential composition, magnitude, timing, and trafficking of immune responses against Mtb, the closer we are to reducing the severe disease burden and toll on human health inflicted by TB globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E. Larsen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brittany D. Williams
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maham Rais
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Susan L. Baldwin,
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13
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Santos ED, Silva-Filho SE, Santos Radai JA, Arena AC, Fraga TL, Lima Cardoso CA, Croda J, Leite Kassuya CA. Anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extract from Vatairea macrocarpa leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114308. [PMID: 34102271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Brazilian traditional folk medicine, the leaves and heartwood from Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth) Ducke (Angelim-of-Cerrado) (Fabaceae family) are used as remedy after cold maceration for the treatment of the condition popularly known as rheumatism, as well as for the general inflammatory aspects such as pains, injury and swelling. The rheumatological and rheumatic diseases affect 0.3-1.0% of the world population and all long-term treatment with conventional medications lead to adverse effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the chemical composition and the anti-inflammatory properties and of the ethanolic extract from V. macrocarpa leaves (EEVM) in experimental models. MATERIAL AND METHODS EEVM was chemically analyzed by spectrophotometry and the compounds characterization was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. EEVM was evaluated in methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (3, 10, 30, and 90 μg/ml) and neutrophils phagocytic activity (1, 3, and 10 μg/ml) tests. For in vivo models, the EEVM (10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) was orally administered (p.o.) for inflammatory evaluation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy in Swiss mice. The EEVM (30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was tested against the Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA)-induced paw persistent inflammation and Mycobacterium bovis (bacillus Calmette-Guerin - BCG)-induced pleurisy in C57bL6 mice. RESULTS The chemical composition of EEVM showed 157.06 mg (GAE)/g in relation to phenolic compounds, 82.13 mg (RUE)/g in relation to flavonoids and 48.99 mg (TAE)/g in relation to tannins. The flavonoid compounds identified were catechin, epicatechin and kaempferol-3-O-a-l-rhamnopyranoside. EEVM did not present cytotoxicity in MTT assay, however EEVM reduced phagocytic neutrophils activity at all tested concentration. EEVM significantly inhibited leukocytes migration/proteins exudation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy model. The daily administration of EEVM inhibited the inflammatory parameters in BCG and CFA models. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed anti-inflammatory features of EEVM (V. macrocarpa) as a natural agent against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisangela Dos Santos
- Federal University of Grande Dourados, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition College, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.
| | | | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Leite Fraga
- School of Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados (UNIGRAN), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Center of Studies in Natural Resources, State University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UEMS), Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Julio Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, USA; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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14
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Mast cells modulate early responses to Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin by phagocytosis and formation of extracellular traps. Cell Immunol 2021; 365:104380. [PMID: 34049012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The early interactions between the vaccine Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) and host peripheral innate immune cells like Mast cells (MCs) may pave the way for generating appropriate protective innate and adaptive immune responses. Mice on administration of BCG by intratracheal instillation showed a massive increase in MC numbers in the infected lung. In vitro co-culture of BCG and rodent Rat Basophilic Leukaemia (RBL-2H3) MCs led to significant killing of BCG. RBL-2H3 MCs were able to phagocytose BCG, take up BCG-derived antigens by macropinocytosis, generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and degranulate. Further, a few MCs died and released MC extracellular traps (MCETs) having DNA, histones and tryptase to trap BCG. This study highlights the multi-pronged effector responses of MCs on encountering BCG. These responses or their evasion may lead to success or failure of BCG vaccine to provide long term immunity to infections.
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15
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Flores J, Cancino JC, Chavez-Galan L. Lipoarabinomannan as a Point-of-Care Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: How Far Are We to Use It? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638047. [PMID: 33935997 PMCID: PMC8081860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a severe public health problem; the current diagnostic tests have limitations that delay treatment onset. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a glycolipid that is a component of the cell wall of the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of TB. This glycolipid is excreted as a soluble form in urine. The World Health Organization has established that the design of new TB diagnostic methods is one of the priorities within the EndTB Strategy. LAM has been suggested as a biomarker to develop diagnostic tests based on its identification in urine, and it is one of the most prominent candidates to develop point-of-care diagnostic test because urine samples can be easily collected. Moreover, LAM can regulate the immune response in the host and can be found in the serum of TB patients, where it probably affects a wide variety of host cell populations, consequently influencing the quality of both innate and adaptive immune responses during TB infection. Here, we revised the evidence that supports that LAM could be used as a tool for the development of new point-of-care tests for TB diagnosis, and we discussed the mechanisms that could contribute to the low sensitivity of diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino
- Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Lovewell RR, Baer CE, Mishra BB, Smith CM, Sassetti CM. Granulocytes act as a niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:229-241. [PMID: 32483198 PMCID: PMC7704924 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte recruitment to the pulmonary compartment is a hallmark of progressive tuberculosis (TB). This process is well-documented to promote immunopathology, but can also enhance the replication of the pathogen. Both the specific granulocytes responsible for increasing mycobacterial burden and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We report that the known immunomodulatory effects of these cells, such as suppression of protective T-cell responses, play a limited role in altering host control of mycobacterial replication in susceptible mice. Instead, we find that the adaptive immune response preferentially restricts the burden of bacteria within monocytes and macrophages compared to granulocytes. Specifically, mycobacteria within inflammatory lesions are preferentially found within long-lived granulocytes that express intermediate levels of the Ly6G marker and low levels of antimicrobial genes. These cells progressively accumulate in the lung and correlate with bacterial load and disease severity, and the ablation of Ly6G-expressing cells lowers mycobacterial burden. These observations suggest a model in which dysregulated granulocytic influx promotes disease by creating a permissive intracellular niche for mycobacterial growth and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustin R Lovewell
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Christina E Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Bibhuti B Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Clare M Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Christopher M Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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17
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Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation with Capsicum Annum L on Performance, Hematology, Blood Biochemistry and Hepatic Antioxidant Status of Growing Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112045. [PMID: 33167395 PMCID: PMC7694301 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The inclusion of phytochemicals in animal diets is a strategy that has been used to improve animal productivity by increasing the production yield. The addition of red-hot pepper (RHP) powder enhances productive rabbit performance and immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant statuses. Rabbits fed 2% RHP powder had higher weights. Thus, adding 1 or 2% RHP powder to rabbit diets is an easy, simple, and safe option for producers. The slaughter index and physical blood characteristics red blood cells (RBC’s), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscle hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscle hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly improved by feeding growing rabbits on RHP levels. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low were distinctly (VLDL-C) decreased (p < 0.05) when feeding rabbits either 1 or 2% RHP supplemented diets. Furthermore, supplementing the rabbit’s diet with 1% RHP led to a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the total antioxidant capacity when compared to the rabbits fed with the basal diet. Additionally, the thyroxin concentration was increased with RHP supplementation. A remarkably significant effect on serum and hepatic oxidative stress responses was observed with RHP supplementation. Abstract Animals fed with a high amount of a wide range of antioxidants in their diet are significantly protected against oxidative stress. Powerful antioxidant substances such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids are present naturally in red-hot pepper (RHP). This study hypothesized that using RHP may provide protection against oxidative stress and enhance animal physiological responses. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding New Zealand white rabbits with RHP-supplemented diets on their physiological and biochemical responses. New Zealand White rabbits (age = 6 weeks, n = 48) were split equally into three groups (n = 16 in each group). One group was fed a basal diet only (control group), with the other two groups fed a basal diet along with 1 and 2% RHP. Mass spectrometric analysis for the RHP methanolic extract showed some phenolic compounds, such as p-coumaric, sinapinic acids, vanillic, and luteolin, as well as catechin and its isomers. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and CAT) were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by feeding rabbits diets supplemented with 1 or 2% RHP. The addition of RHP significantly enhanced immune-responses; phagocytic activity, chemotaxis, TIg, IgG, IgM, and IgA increased when growing rabbits were fed RHP compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1 or 2% RHP may play a role as an enhancer of growth and immune response in growing rabbits.
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18
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Tague LK, Scozzi D, Wallendorf M, Gage BF, Krupnick AS, Kreisel D, Byers D, Hachem R, Gelman AE. Lung transplant outcomes are influenced by severity of neutropenia and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:250-261. [PMID: 31452317 PMCID: PMC6940547 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although neutropenia is a common complication after lung transplant, its relationship with recipient outcomes remains understudied. We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 228 adult lung transplant recipients between 2008 and 2013 to assess the association of neutropenia and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) treatment with outcomes. Neutropenia was categorized as mild (absolute neutrophil count 1000-1499), moderate (500-999), or severe (<500) and as a time-varying continuous variable. Associations with survival, acute rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) were assessed with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression. GCSF therapy impact on survival, CLAD, and acute rejection development was analyzed by propensity score matching. Of 228 patients, 101 (42.1%) developed neutropenia. Recipients with severe neutropenia had higher mortality rates than those of recipients with no (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-8.41, P = .040), mild (aHR 14.508, 95% CI 1.58-13.34, P = .018), or moderate (aHR 3.27, 95% CI 0.89-12.01, P = .074) neutropenia. Surprisingly, GCSF treatment was associated with a higher risk for CLAD in mildly neutropenic patients (aHR 3.49, 95% CI 0.93-13.04, P = .063), although it did decrease death risk in severely neutropenic patients (aHR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.88, P = .031). Taken together, our data point to an important relationship between neutropenia severity and GCSF treatment in lung transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laneshia K. Tague
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Davide Scozzi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Brian F. Gage
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexander S. Krupnick
- Department of Surgery and Carter Center for Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Derek Byers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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19
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Kus P, Gurcan MN, Beamer G. Automatic Detection of Granuloma Necrosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using a Two-Phase Algorithm: 2D-TB. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E661. [PMID: 31817882 PMCID: PMC6956251 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Granuloma necrosis occurs in hosts susceptible to pathogenic mycobacteria and is a diagnostic visual feature of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in humans and in super-susceptible Diversity Outbred (DO) mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Currently, no published automated algorithms can detect granuloma necrosis in pulmonary TB. However, such a method could reduce variability, and transform visual patterns into quantitative data for statistical and machine learning analyses. Here, we used histopathological images from super-susceptible DO mice to train, validate, and performance test an algorithm to detect regions of cell-poor necrosis. The algorithm, named 2D-TB, works on 2-dimensional histopathological images in 2 phases. In phase 1, granulomas are detected following background elimination. In phase 2, 2D-TB searches within granulomas for regions of cell-poor necrosis. We used 8 lung sections from 8 different super-susceptible DO mice for training and 10-fold cross validation. We used 13 new lung sections from 10 different super-susceptible DO mice for performance testing. 2D-TB reached 100.0% sensitivity and 91.8% positive prediction value. Compared to an expert pathologist, agreement was 95.5% and there was a statistically significant positive correlation for area detected by 2D-TB and the pathologist. These results show the development, validation, and accurate performance of 2D-TB to detect granuloma necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kus
- Department of Research, Development and Technology, Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Defence, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA;
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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20
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Khan SR, Manialawy Y, Siraki AG. Isoniazid and host immune system interactions: A proposal for a novel comprehensive mode of action. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4599-4608. [PMID: 31517993 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The known mode of action of isoniazid (INH) is to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis following activation by the bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme KatG in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This simplistic model fails to explain (a) how isoniazid penetrates waxy granulomas with its very low lipophilicity, (b) how isoniazid kills latent Mtb lacking a typical cell wall, and (c) why isoniazid treatment time is remarkably long in contrast to most other antibiotics. To address these questions, a novel comprehensive mode of action of isoniazid has been proposed here. Briefly, isoniazid eradicates latent tuberculosis (TB) by prompting slow differentiation of pro-inflammatory monocytes and providing protection against reactive species-induced "self-necrosis" of phagocytes. In the case of active TB, different immune cells form INH-NAD+ adducts to inhibit Mtb's cell wall biosynthesis. This additionally suggests that the antibacterial properties of INH do not rely on KatG of Mtb. As such, isoniazid-resistant TB needs to be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur R Khan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yousef Manialawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arno G Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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21
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Immunological mechanisms of human resistance to persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 18:575-589. [PMID: 29895826 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and establishes a long-lived latent infection in a substantial proportion of the human population. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that some individuals are resistant to latent M. tuberculosis infection despite long-term and intense exposure, and we term these individuals 'resisters'. In this Review, we discuss the epidemiological and genetic data that support the existence of resisters and propose criteria to optimally define and characterize the resister phenotype. We review recent insights into the immune mechanisms of M. tuberculosis clearance, including responses mediated by macrophages, T cells and B cells. Understanding the cellular mechanisms that underlie resistance to M. tuberculosis infection may reveal immune correlates of protection that could be utilized for improved diagnostics, vaccine development and novel host-directed therapeutic strategies.
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22
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Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Pérez AR, Carvalho VDF. Immune-endocrine interactions related to a high risk of infections in chronic metabolic diseases: The role of PPAR gamma. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:272-281. [PMID: 30974105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diverse disturbances in immune-endocrine circuitries are involved in the development and aggravation of several chronic metabolic diseases (CMDs), including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The chronic inflammatory syndrome observed in CMDs culminates in dysregulated immune responses with low microbial killing efficiency, by means low host innate immune response, and loss of ability to eliminate the pathogens, which results in a high prevalence of infectious diseases, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, and sepsis. Herein, we review evidence pointing out PPARγ as a putative player in immune-endocrine disturbances related to increased risk of infections in CMDs. Cumulated evidence indicates that PPARγ activation modulates host cells to control inflammation during CMDs because of PPARγ agonists have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive properties, increasing host ability to eliminate pathogen, modulating hormone production, and restoring glucose and lipid homeostasis. As such, we propose PPARγ as a putative therapeutic adjuvant for patients with CMDs to favor a better infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Unirio, Brazil.
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET UNR), 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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23
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Remot A, Doz E, Winter N. Neutrophils and Close Relatives in the Hypoxic Environment of the Tuberculous Granuloma: New Avenues for Host-Directed Therapies? Front Immunol 2019; 10:417. [PMID: 30915076 PMCID: PMC6423059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most prevalent lung infections of humans and kills ~1.7 million people each year. TB pathophysiology is complex with a central role played by granuloma where a delicate balance takes place to both constrain bacilli and prevent excessive inflammation that may destroy lung functions. Neutrophils reach the lung in waves following first encounter with bacilli and contribute both to early Mtb elimination and late deleterious inflammation. The hypoxic milieu where cells and bacilli cohabit inside the granuloma favors metabolism changes and the impact on TB infection needs to be more thoroughly understood. At the cellular level while the key role of the alveolar macrophage has long been established, behavior of neutrophils in the hypoxic granuloma remains poorly explored. This review will bring to the front new questions that are now emerging regarding neutrophils activity in TB. Are different neutrophil subsets involved in Mtb infection and how? How do neutrophils and close relatives contribute to shaping the granuloma immune environment? What is the role of hypoxia and hypoxia induced factors inside granuloma on neutrophil fate and functions and TB pathophysiology? Addressing these questions is key to the development of innovative host-directed therapies to fight TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Remot
- INRA, Universite de Tours, UMR Infectiologie et Sante Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Emilie Doz
- INRA, Universite de Tours, UMR Infectiologie et Sante Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Winter
- INRA, Universite de Tours, UMR Infectiologie et Sante Publique, Nouzilly, France
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24
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de Melo MGM, Mesquita EDD, Oliveira MM, da Silva-Monteiro C, Silveira AKA, Malaquias TS, Dutra TCP, Galliez RM, Kritski AL, Silva EC. Imbalance of NET and Alpha-1-Antitrypsin in Tuberculosis Patients Is Related With Hyper Inflammation and Severe Lung Tissue Damage. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3147. [PMID: 30687336 PMCID: PMC6335334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can lead to lung tissue damage (LTD) and compromise the pulmonary capacity of TB patients that evolve to severe PTB. The molecular mechanisms involved in LTD during anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT) remain poorly understood. Methods and findings: We evaluated the role of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) and the occurrence of LTD through chest radiographic images, the microbial load in sputum, and inflammatory serum profile (IL-12p40/p70, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-23, VEGF-A, MMP-1, and -8, galectin-3, citrunillated histone H3—cit-H3, alpha-1-antitrypsin—α1AT, C-reactive protein—CRP and albumin) in a cohort of 82 PTB patients before and after 60 days of ATT. Using univariate analysis, LTD was associated with neutrophilia and increase of several inflammatory proteins involved in the neutrophil-mediated response, being cit-H3 the more related to the event. In the multivariate analysis, neutrophilia and cit-H3 appear as directly related to LTD. The analysis of the ROC curve at day 60 presented AUC of 0.97 (95.0% CI 0.95–1). Interestingly, at day 0 of ATT, these biomarkers demonstrated fine relation with LTD showing an AUC 0.92 (95.0% CI 0.86–0.99). Despite of that, the same molecules have no impact in culture conversion during ATT. Conclusions: Our data revealed that NETs may play a key role in the pathway responsible for non-specific inflammation and tissue destruction in PTB. High level of cit-H3 and low level of α1AT was observed in the serum of severe TB patients, suggesting a breakdown in the intrinsic control of NET-driven tissue damage. These data show a new insight to knowledge TB immunopathogenesis, the role of neutrophil and NET pathway. Likewise, we identified possible biomarkers to screening of PTB patients eligible to adjuvants therapies, as anti-inflammatories and alpha-1-antitrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martha M Oliveira
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Development Center for Technology on Health, CDTS-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio da Silva-Monteiro
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna K A Silveira
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Malaquias
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C P Dutra
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Galliez
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Afrânio L Kritski
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Tuberculosis Academic Program-Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisangela C Silva
- Molecular Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Medical School-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biology Recognize, Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Burkholderia pseudomallei-loaded cells act as a Trojan horse to invade the brain during endotoxemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13632. [PMID: 30206252 PMCID: PMC6134107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic melioidosis occurs in both human and animals; however, the mechanism by which the pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei invades the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. B. pseudomallei-loaded Ly6C cells have been suggested as a putative portal; however, during melioidosis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can drive disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study aims to test whether the Trojan horse-like mechanism occurs during endotoxemia. The expression levels of cerebral cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules; the activation of astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells; and the increased vascular permeability and brain-infiltrating leukocytes were evaluated using B. pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans LPS-induced brains. Accordingly, different degrees of BBB damage in those brains with endotoxemia were established. The B. multivorans LPS-induced brain exhibited the highest levels of disruptive BBB according to the above mediators/indicators. Into these distinct groups of endotoxemic mice, B. pseudomallei-loaded Ly6C cells or free B. pseudomallei were adoptively transferred at equal bacterial concentrations (103 CFU). The bacterial load and number of cases of meningeal neutrophil infiltration in the brains of animals treated with B. pseudomallei-loaded Ly6C cells were higher than those in brains induced by free B. pseudomallei in any of the endotoxemic groups. In particular, these results were reproducible in B. multivorans LPS-induced brains. We suggest that B. pseudomallei-loaded cells can act as a Trojan horse and are more effective than free B. pseudomallei in invading the CNS under septic or endotoxemic conditions even when there is a high degree of BBB disruption.
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26
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Feng X, Lu J, He Z, Wang Y, Qi F, Pi R, Zhang G. Mycobacterium smegmatis Induces Neurite Outgrowth and Differentiation in an Autophagy-Independent Manner in PC12 and C17.2 Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:201. [PMID: 29988402 PMCID: PMC6024096 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Mycobacteria can induce the differentiation of immune cells into dendritic cells (DC) or DC-like cells. In addition, pathogenic Mycobacteria is found to stimulate cell differentiation in the nerves system. Whether non-pathogenic Mycobacteria interacts with nerve cells remains unknown. In this study, we found that co-incubation with fast-growing Mycobacteria smegmatis induced neuron-like morphological changes of PC12 and C17.2 cells. Moreover, the M. smegmatis culture supernatant which was ultrafiltrated through a membrane with a 10 kDa cut-off, induced neurite outgrowth and differentiation in an autophagy-independent pathway in PC12 and C17.2 cells. Further analysis showed that IFN-γ production and activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were involved in the neural differentiation. In conclusion, our finding demonstrated that non-pathogenic M. smegmatis was able to promote neuronal differentiation by its extracellular proteins, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Feng
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitian He
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of McCormick Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Shi G, Mao G, Xie K, Wu D, Wang W. MiR-1178 regulates mycobacterial survival and inflammatory responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages partly via TLR4. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7449-7457. [PMID: 29781535 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is chronic respiratory infectious disease and is caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Macrophages play an important role in host immune response against M.tb infection, which is regulated by various factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs). The present study aimed to examine the in vitro functional role of miR-1178 in mycobacterial survival and inflammatory responses induced by M.tb infection in human macrophages. Our results showed that M.tb infection increased the expression of miR-1178 in human macrophages (HTP-1 and U937 cells) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Overexpression of miR-1178 enhanced the intracellular growth of mycobacteria during M.tb infection, while knockdown of miR-1178 suppressed the mycobacteria survival. Overexpression of miR-1178 also significantly attenuated the accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the M.tb-infected macrophages, while knockdown of miR-1178 caused enhancement in these proinflammatory cytokines in the M.tb-infected macrophage. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay showed that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was a direct target of miR-1178, and miR-1178 negatively regulated the expression of TLR4. In addition, enforced expression of TLR4 attenuated the effects of miR-1178 overexpression on promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the M.tb-infected macrophages. Collectively, our findings showed that overexpression of miR-1178 promoted mycobacteria survival and miR-1178 also modulated the immune response of M.tb-infected macrophages partly via targeting TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Clinical Testing Center, the Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Guofeng Mao
- Clinical Testing Center, the Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Kejie Xie
- Clinical Testing Center, the Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Clinical Testing Center, the Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (Quality Control), the Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
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28
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Prevention of tuberculosis in rhesus macaques by a cytomegalovirus-based vaccine. Nat Med 2018; 24:130-143. [PMID: 29334373 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread use of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of global mortality from a single infectious agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mtb). Here, over two independent Mtb challenge studies, we demonstrate that subcutaneous vaccination of rhesus macaques (RMs) with rhesus cytomegalovirus vectors encoding Mtb antigen inserts (hereafter referred to as RhCMV/TB)-which elicit and maintain highly effector-differentiated, circulating and tissue-resident Mtb-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses-can reduce the overall (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) extent of Mtb infection and disease by 68%, as compared to that in unvaccinated controls, after intrabronchial challenge with the Erdman strain of Mtb at ∼1 year after the first vaccination. Fourteen of 34 RhCMV/TB-vaccinated RMs (41%) across both studies showed no TB disease by computed tomography scans or at necropsy after challenge (as compared to 0 of 17 unvaccinated controls), and ten of these RMs were Mtb-culture-negative for all tissues, an exceptional long-term vaccine effect in the RM challenge model with the Erdman strain of Mtb. These results suggest that complete vaccine-mediated immune control of highly pathogenic Mtb is possible if immune effector responses can intercept Mtb infection at its earliest stages.
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29
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Chao WC, Yen CL, Hsieh CY, Huang YF, Tseng YL, Nigrovic PA, Shieh CC. Mycobacterial infection induces higher interleukin-1β and dysregulated lung inflammation in mice with defective leukocyte NADPH oxidase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189453. [PMID: 29228045 PMCID: PMC5724816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous inflammation causes severe tissue damage in mycobacterial infection while redox status was reported to be crucial in the granulomatous inflammation. Here, we used a NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-deficient mice (Ncf1-/-) to investigate the role of leukocyte-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mycobacterium-induced granulomatous inflammation. We found poorly controlled mycobacterial proliferation, significant body weight loss, and a high mortality rate after M. marinum infection in Ncf1-/- mice. Moreover, we noticed loose and neutrophilic granulomas and higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and neutrophil chemokines in Ncf1-/- mice when compared with those in wild type mice. The lack of ROS led to reduced production of IL-1β in macrophages, whereas neutrophil elastase (NE), an abundant product of neutrophils, may potentially exert increased inflammasome-independent protease activity and lead to higher IL-1β production. Moreover, we showed that the abundant NE and IL-1β were present in the caseous granulomatous inflammation of human TB infection. Importantly, blocking of IL-1β with either a specific antibody or a recombinant IL-1 receptor ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation. These findings revealed a novel role of ROS in the early pathogenesis of neutrophilic granulomatous inflammation and suggested a potential role of IL-1 blocking in the treatment of mycobacterial infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Yen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Huang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Lin Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Peter Andrija Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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