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Manchanda P, Sharma D, Kaur G, Kaur H, Vanshika. Exploring the Significance of Somaclonal Variations in Horticultural Crops. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01214-6. [PMID: 38896180 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic variations produced via cell and tissue culture open up new sources of variability intra-species which can be used to improve crops. The use of in vitro generated somaclonal variations for selecting novel variants aids in the development of novel genotypes having desirable agronomic traits that can be released as varieties or utilized for breeding purposes. Horticultural crops give higher yield and productivity per unit area than other crops, as well as provide good economic returns which have led to an increase in their potential benefits throughout time. The last three to four decades have seen the selection and release of a number of valuable somaclonal variants, many of which possess remarkable features including disease resistance, high yield, improved nutritional quality and abiotic stress tolerance. Generating somaclonal variations has given breeders a novel alternative option for obtaining genetic diversity in horticultural crops and without advanced technologies. The variations introduced through tissue culture process, methods to determine and validate genetic changes in vitro regenerated plantlets, along with prospective application of such variations in horticultural crops' improvement are reviewed in the present work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Manchanda
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Deepansh Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Harleen Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Vanshika
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Chen X, Han H, Cong Y, Li X, Zhang W, Cui J, Xu W, Pang S, Liu H. Ascorbic Acid Improves Tomato Salt Tolerance by Regulating Ion Homeostasis and Proline Synthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1672. [PMID: 38931104 PMCID: PMC11207900 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) 'Ligeer 87-5' was hydroponically cultivated under 100 mM NaCl to simulate salt stress. To investigate the impacts on ion homeostasis, osmotic regulation, and redox status in tomato seedlings, different endogenous levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) were established through the foliar application of 0.5 mM AsA (NA treatment), 0.25 mM lycorine (LYC, an inhibitor of AsA synthesis; NL treatment), and a combination of LYC and AsA (NLA treatment). The results demonstrated that exogenous AsA significantly increased the activities and gene expressions of key enzymes (L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) and L-galactose dehydrogenase (GalDH)) involved in AsA synthesis in tomato seedling leaves under NaCl stress and NL treatment, thereby increasing cellular AsA content to maintain its redox status in a reduced state. Additionally, exogenous AsA regulated multiple ion transporters via the SOS pathway and increased the selective absorption of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the aerial parts, reconstructing ion homeostasis in cells, thereby alleviating ion imbalance caused by salt stress. Exogenous AsA also increased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity and gene expression, while inhibiting the activity and transcription levels of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT), thereby reducing excessive proline content in the leaves and alleviating osmotic stress. LYC exacerbated ion imbalance and osmotic stress caused by salt stress, which could be significantly reversed by AsA application. Therefore, exogenous AsA application increased endogenous AsA levels, reestablished ion homeostasis, maintained osmotic balance, effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt stress on tomato seedling growth, and enhanced their salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and Variety Creation of Horticultural Plants for Mountain Features in Guizhou Province, School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Yundan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Xuezhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Jinxia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Shengqun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (X.C.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (J.C.); (W.X.)
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Mohammadi Kabari SF, Asadi-Gharneh HA, Tavallali V, Rowshan V. Differential response of biochar in mitigating salinity stress in periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.) as an ornamental-medicinal plant species. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1181-1192. [PMID: 38189302 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of various levels of salinity and biochar on the growth and biochemical traits of Catharanthus roseus L., a medicinal plant, a factorial experiment with three levels of biochar (0, 2, and 4%) and four levels of salinity (0, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mg/kg soil) was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions, in three replications, 36 pots, and 6 plants/plot. Salinity reduced the vegetative and reproductive growth and Ca and K uptake, and chlorophyll content of the plants, and increased the Na+, Cl-, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPX) activities. Biochar improved all the vegetative and reproductive growth and biochemical traits of Catharanthus roseus L. and enhanced soil fertility. The application of biochar at the rate of 2% at all four levels of NaCl reduced the activity of antioxidants and decreased electrolyte leakage, reflecting the alleviation of salinity effects and the retention of cell health for survival. The application of biochar 2% was more effective than biochar 4% in alleviating salinity stress. Therefore, by using 2% biochar, it is possible to improve saline soils (soils containing 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg NaCl) and grow periwinkle ornamental-medicinal plant in it. The plants showed acceptable performance at salinity levels of 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg with biochar 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Tavallali
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rowshan
- Department of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
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Fedeli R, Celletti S, Loppi S. Wood Distillate Promotes the Tolerance of Lettuce in Extreme Salt Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1335. [PMID: 38794405 PMCID: PMC11124871 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization is an adverse phenomenon in agriculture that severely affects crop growth and yield. The use of natural products, such as wood distillate (WD, derived from the pyrolysis of woody biomass), could be a sustainable approach to enhance the tolerance of plants cultivated in the saline soils. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of WD, a foliar sprayed at 0.2% (v/v), in lettuce plants subjected to grow under both moderate and high soil sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (ranging from 0 to 300 mM). The changes in the physiological and biochemical responses of these plants to the varying salt stress conditions allowed the identification of a maximum tolerance threshold (100 mM NaCl), specific to lettuce. Beyond this threshold, levels related to plant defense antioxidant power (antiradical activity) were lowered, while those indicative of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage) were raised, causing significant losses in leaf fresh biomass. On the other hand, WD significantly improved plant growth, enabling plants to survive high salt conditions >200 mM NaCl. Collectively, these observations highlight that treatments with WD could be of paramount importance in coping with current environmental challenges to have better yields under soil conditions of high salt concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fedeli
- BioAgry Lab, Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Celletti
- BioAgry Lab, Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefano Loppi
- BioAgry Lab, Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.F.); (S.L.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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Yan W, Sharif R, Sohail H, Zhu Y, Chen X, Xu X. Surviving a Double-Edged Sword: Response of Horticultural Crops to Multiple Abiotic Stressors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5199. [PMID: 38791235 PMCID: PMC11121501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change-induced weather events, such as extreme temperatures, prolonged drought spells, or flooding, pose an enormous risk to crop productivity. Studies on the implications of multiple stresses may vary from those on a single stress. Usually, these stresses coincide, amplifying the extent of collateral damage and contributing to significant financial losses. The breadth of investigations focusing on the response of horticultural crops to a single abiotic stress is immense. However, the tolerance mechanisms of horticultural crops to multiple abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. In this review, we described the most prevalent types of abiotic stresses that occur simultaneously and discussed them in in-depth detail regarding the physiological and molecular responses of horticultural crops. In particular, we discussed the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and metabolic responses of horticultural crops to multiple abiotic stresses. Strategies to breed multi-stress-resilient lines have been presented. Our manuscript presents an interesting amount of proposed knowledge that could be valuable in generating resilient genotypes for multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Rahat Sharif
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hamza Sohail
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Abdelkhalik A, Abdou NM, Gyushi MAH, Shaaban A, Abd El-Mageed SA, Hemida KA, Abd El-Mageed TA. Enhancing sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) resilience grown in cadmium-contaminated saline soil: a synergistic approach using Moringa leaf extract and effective microorganisms application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32464-32479. [PMID: 38653894 PMCID: PMC11133164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Raising soil contamination with cadmium (Cd2+) and salinization necessitates the development of green approaches using bio-elicitors to ensure sustainable crop production and mitigate the detrimental health impacts. Two field trials were carried out to study the individual and combined effects of foliage spraying of Moringa leaf extract (MLE) and soil application of effective microorganisms (EMs) on the physio-biochemical, osmolytes, antioxidants, and performance of sweet potato grown in Cd2+-contaminated salty soil (Cd2+ = 17.42 mg kg-1 soil and soil salinity ECe = 7.42 dS m-1). Application of MLE, EMs, or MLE plus EMs significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd2+ in roots by 55.6%, 50.0%, or 68.1% and in leaves by 31.4%, 27.6%, or 38.0%, respectively, compared to the control. Co-application of MLE and EMs reduced Na+ concentration while substantially raising N, P, K+, and Ca2+ acquisition in the leaves. MLE and EMs-treated plants exhibited higher concentrations of total soluble sugar by 69.6%, free proline by 47.7%, total free amino acids by 29.0%, and protein by 125.7% compared to the control. The enzymatic (SOD, APX, GR, and CAT) and non-enzymatic (phenolic acids, GSH, and AsA) antioxidants increased in plants treated with MLE and/or EMs application. Applying MLE and/or EMs increased the leaf photosynthetic pigment contents, membrane stability, relative water content, water productivity, growth traits, and tuber yield of Cd2+ and salt-stressed sweet potato. Consequently, the integrative application of MLE and EMs achieved the best results exceeding the single treatments recommended in future application to sweet potato in saline soil contaminated with Cd2+.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasr M Abdou
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A H Gyushi
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shaaban
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Khaulood A Hemida
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
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Li T, Hou X, Sun Z, Ma B, Wu X, Feng T, Ai H, Huang X, Li R. Characterization of FBA genes in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and expression patterns in response to light spectrum and abiotic stress. Front Genet 2024; 15:1364944. [PMID: 38686025 PMCID: PMC11057440 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1364944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) plays vital roles in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stress. However, genome-wide identification and structural characterization of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) FBA gene family has not been systematically analyzed. In this study, we identified nine StFBA gene members in potato, with six StFBA genes localized in the chloroplast and three in the cytoplasm. The analysis of gene structures, protein structures, and phylogenetic relationships indicated that StFBA genes were divided into Class I and II, which exhibited significant differences in structure and function. Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication events promoted the expansion of the StFBA gene family. Promoter analysis showed that most StFBA genes contained cis-regulatory elements associated with light and stress responses. Expression analysis showed that StFBA3, StFBA8, and StFBA9 showing significantly higher expression levels in leaf, stolon, and tuber under blue light, indicating that these genes may improve photosynthesis and play an important function in regulating the induction and expansion of microtubers. Expression levels of the StFBA genes were influenced by drought and salt stress, indicating that they played important roles in abiotic stress. This work offers a theoretical foundation for in-depth understanding of the evolution and function of StFBA genes, as well as providing the basis for the genetic improvement of potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Xinyue Hou
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Zhanglun Sun
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Country College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Hao Ai
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Ruining Li
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
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Shafiq H, Shani MY, Ashraf MY, De Mastro F, Cocozza C, Abbas S, Ali N, Zaib-un-Nisa, Tahir A, Iqbal M, Khan Z, Gul N, Brunetti G. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Growth and Physio-Biochemical Changes in Maize ( Zea mays L.) in Saline Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1080. [PMID: 38674489 PMCID: PMC11054864 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Research on nanoparticles (NPs) is gaining great attention in modulating abiotic stress tolerance and improving crop productivity. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on growth and biochemical characteristics in two maize hybrids (YH-5427 and FH-1046) grown under normal conditions or subjected to saline stress. A pot-culture experiment was carried out in the Botanical Research Area of "the University of Lahore", Lahore, Pakistan, in a completely randomized design. At two phenological stages, both maize hybrids were irrigated with the same amount of distilled water or NaCl solution (EC = 5 dS m-1) and subjected or not to foliar treatment with a suspension of CuO-NPs. The salt stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance), while the sodium content in the shoot and root increased. The foliar spray with CuO-NPs improved the growth and photosynthetic attributes, along with the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content in the roots and shoots. However, the maize hybrid YH-5427 responded better than the other hybrid to the saline stress when sprayed with CuO-NPs. Overall, the findings of the current investigation demonstrated that CuO-NPs can help to reduce the adverse effects of salinity stress on maize plants by improving growth and physio-biochemical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Shafiq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (H.S.); (N.A.); (Z.-u.-N.)
| | - Muhammad Yousaf Shani
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan;
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (H.S.); (N.A.); (Z.-u.-N.)
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan;
| | - Francesco De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Claudio Cocozza
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Naila Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (H.S.); (N.A.); (Z.-u.-N.)
| | - Zaib-un-Nisa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (H.S.); (N.A.); (Z.-u.-N.)
| | - Aqsa Tahir
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Zafran Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Nimra Gul
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Gennaro Brunetti
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.B.)
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Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R, Mangal V, Kumar A, Kumar R, Sharma S, Sagar V, Singh B. Salt stress influences the proliferation of Fusarium solani and enhances the severity of wilt disease in potato. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26718. [PMID: 38434015 PMCID: PMC10906416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity has emerged as a critical abiotic stress in potato production, whereas wilt disease, caused by Fusarium solani, is the significant biotic stress. An experiment was performed to decipher the occurrence of wilt incidence by F. solani FJ1 under the influence of salinity in both in vitroand pot culture conditions. High salt concentration negatively influenced root and shoot development in the variety "Kufri Jyoti" but positively affected the mycelial growth and sporulation behaviours of F. solani FJ1. There was abundant whitish mycelial growth with enhanced biomass and high sporulation (microconidia production) in F. solani FJ1 cultured on salt-supplemented media. Moreover, under high salinity conditions (EC 2-8 dS m-1), severe wilting and rotting of vascular bundles were observed in plants artificially inoculated with F. solani FJ1. The mortality rate of potato plants was significantly higher under individual and combined stresses as compared to control. The wilt index of individual and combined stressed plants was also substantially higher compared to the control. Additionally, compared to the control, there was a significant decrease in total chlorophyll content and membrane stability index of the leaves under combined stress. However, the total phenols were increased under stress conditions. The total sugar content of potato plants decreased in infected plants, but increased when exposed to salt stress or a combination of salt stress and pathogen infection. F. solani infection also increased the activity of peroxidase (POX) and decreased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT). These results suggest that Fusarium wilt and dry rot will be a more severe disease for potato cultivation in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of CPB&PHT, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vikas Mangal
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Vinay Sagar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of CPB&PHT, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
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Raspor M, Mrvaljević M, Savić J, Ćosić T, Kaleri AR, Pokimica N, Cingel A, Ghalawnji N, Motyka V, Ninković S. Cytokinin deficiency confers enhanced tolerance to mild, but decreased tolerance to severe salinity stress in in vitro grown potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1296520. [PMID: 38362121 PMCID: PMC10867153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1296520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) is a plant hormone that plays crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development. CK-deficient plants are widely used as model systems for investigating the numerous physiological roles of CK. Since it was previously shown that transgenic or mutant CK-deficient Arabidopsis and Centaurium plants show superior tolerance to salinity, we examined the tolerance of three CK-deficient potato lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis thaliana CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE2 (AtCKX2) gene to 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, and 200 mM NaCl applied in vitro. Quantification of visible salinity injury, rooting and acclimatization efficiency, shoot growth, water saturation deficit, and chlorophyll content confirmed that the CK-deficient potato plants were more tolerant to low (50 mM) and moderate (100 mM) NaCl concentrations, but exhibited increased sensitivity to severe salinity stress (150 and 200 mM NaCl) compared to non-transformed control plants. These findings were corroborated by the data distribution patterns according to principal component analysis. Quantification of the activity of superoxide dismutases, peroxidases, and catalases revealed an impaired ability of AtCKX2-transgenic lines to upregulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to salinity, which might contribute to the enhanced sensitivity of these potato lines to severe salt stress. Our results add complexity to the existing knowledge on the regulation of salinity tolerance by CK, as we show for the first time that CK-deficient plants can exhibit reduced rather than increased tolerance to severe salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Raspor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mrvaljević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Savić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Abdul Rasheed Kaleri
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Nina Pokimica
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Cingel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nabil Ghalawnji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Václav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Mirrani HM, Noreen Z, Usman S, Shah AA, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO, Aslam M, Waqas A, Javed T. Magnesium nanoparticles extirpate salt stress in carrots (Daucus carota L.) through metabolomics regulations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108383. [PMID: 38286092 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Underground vegetables are sensitive and vulnerable to salt stress. The vegetables are the main source of vitamins, nutrients and minerals in human diet. Also contain healthy carbohydrates, antioxidant and resistant starch which are beneficial for human health. Salinity influences water balance, morphological appearance and cellular interference of crop plants. It also caused disproportion of nutrients which usually affects the physiochemical processes in plant. Salt stress also affect biochemical attributes and hampers the growth of underground organs, due to which yield of crop decreased. The nanoparticles had been potentially used for better crop yield, in the recent. In our research study, we elaborate the positive response of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) on the morphological and biochemical parameters as well as anti-oxidant enzymes action on two accessions of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under salt stress of 40 mM and 80 mM. In a pilot experiment, various levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L) of MgO-NPs were tested through foliar application on carrot plants. Foliar application of MgO-NPs at concentration of 150 mg/L was most effective treatment and ameliorate the salt stress in both carrot accessions (DC-03 and DC-90). The MgO-NPs significantly enhanced the morphological and biochemical parameters. The yield was significantly increased with the exposure of MgO-NPs. Our results thus confirmed the potential of MgO-NPs to endorse the plant development and growth under salinity. However, further research study is needed to explore effectiveness of MgO-NPs in various other plants for the ameliorant of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurmat Mehdi Mirrani
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Noreen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sheeraz Usman
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waqas
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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12
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Kumar S, Liu Y, Wang M, Khan MN, Wang S, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhu G. Alleviating sweetpotato salt tolerance through exogenous glutathione and melatonin: A profound mechanism for active oxygen detoxification and preservation of photosynthetic organs. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141120. [PMID: 38199502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress profoundly impacts sweetpotato production. Exogenous glutathione (GSH) and melatonin (MT) promoted plant growth under stress, but their specific roles and mechanisms in sweetpotato salt tolerance need exploration. This study investigated GSH and MT's regulatory mechanisms in sweetpotato under salt stress. Salt stress significantly reduces both growth and biomass by hindering photosynthesis, root traits, K+ content, and K+/Na+ balance, leading to oxidative stress and excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide ion (O2•-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and Na+ accumulation. Nevertheless, GSH (2 mM) and MT (25 μM) pre-treatments effectively mitigated salt-induced oxidative damage and protected the plasma membrane. They reduced osmotic pressure by enhancing K+ uptake, K+/Na+ regulation, osmolyte accumulation, and reducing Na+ accumulation. Improved stomatal traits, chloroplast and grana lamella preservation, and maintenance of mesophyll cells, cell wall, and mitochondrial structure were observed with GSH and MT pre-treatments under salt stress, therefore boosting the photosynthetic system and enhancing plant growth and biomass. Moreover, the findings also indicate that the positive outcomes of GSH and MT pre-treatments result from elevated antioxidant levels, enhanced enzymatic activity, and upregulated expression of sodium hydrogen exchanger 2 (NHX2), K+transporter 1 (AKT1), and cation/H+exchanger (CHX), CBL-interacting protein kinase 1 (CIPK1), and antioxidant enzyme genes. These mechanisms enhance structural stability in photosynthesis and reduce salt stress. Evidently, MT pre-treatment exhibited superior effects compared to GSH. These findings provide a firm theoretical basis for employing GSH and MT to enhance salt tolerance in sweetpotato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjeet Kumar
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shihai Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yongping Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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13
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Pecherina A, Dimitrieva A, Mudrilov M, Ladeynova M, Zanegina D, Brilkina A, Vodeneev V. Salt-Induced Early Changes in Photosynthesis Activity Caused by Root-to-Shoot Signaling in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1229. [PMID: 38279229 PMCID: PMC10816847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most dangerous types of stress in agriculture. Acting on the root, salinity causes changes in physiological processes in the shoot, especially photosynthesis, which is crucial for plant productivity. In our study, we used potato plants, the most important crop, to investigate the role of salt-induced signals in changes in photosynthesis activity. We found a salt-induced polyphasic decrease in photosynthesis activity, and the earliest phase started several minutes after salt addition. We found that salt addition triggered rapid hydraulic and calcium waves from root to shoot, which occurred earlier than the first phase of the photosynthesis response. The inhibition of calcium signals by lanthanum decreased with the formation of rapid changes in photosynthesis. In addition to this, a comparison of the characteristic times of signal propagation and the formation of a response revealed the role of calcium waves in the modulation of rapid changes in photosynthesis. Calcium waves are activated by the ionic component of salinity. The salt-induced decrease in transpiration corresponds in time to the second phase of the photosynthetic response, and it can be the cause of this change. The accumulation of sodium in the leaves occurs a few hours after salt addition, and it can be the cause of the long-term suppression of photosynthesis. Thus, salinity modulates photosynthetic activity in plants in different ways: both through the activation of rapid distant signals and by reducing the water input and sodium accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pecherina
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Anastasia Dimitrieva
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maxim Mudrilov
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Ladeynova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Daria Zanegina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (D.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (D.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
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14
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Kappachery S, AlHosani M, Khan TA, AlKharoossi SN, AlMansoori N, AlShehhi SAS, AlMansoori H, AlKarbi M, Sasi S, Karumannil S, Elangovan SK, Shah I, Gururani MA. Modulation of antioxidant defense and PSII components by exogenously applied acetate mitigates salinity stress in Avena sativa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:620. [PMID: 38182773 PMCID: PMC10770181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress has detrimental effects on various aspects of plant development. However, our understanding of strategies to mitigate these effects in crop plants remains limited. Recent research has shed light on the potential of sodium acetate as a mitigating component against salinity stress in several plant species. Here, we show the role of acetate sodium in counteracting the adverse effects on oat (Avena sativa) plants subjected to NaCl-induced salinity stress, including its impact on plant morphology, photosynthetic parameters, and gene expression related to photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, ultimately leading to osmoprotection. The five-week experiment involved subjecting oat plants to four different conditions: water, salt (NaCl), sodium acetate, and a combination of salt and sodium acetate. The presence of NaCl significantly inhibited plant growth and root elongation, disrupted chlorophylls and carotenoids content, impaired chlorophyll fluorescence, and down-regulated genes associated with the plant antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, our findings reveal that when stressed plants were treated with sodium acetate, it partially reversed these adverse effects across all analyzed parameters. This reversal was particularly evident in the increased content of proline, thereby ensuring osmoprotection for oat plants, even under stressful conditions. These results provide compelling evidence regarding the positive impact of sodium acetate on various plant development parameters, with a particular focus on the enhancement of photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeesh Kappachery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mohamed AlHosani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sara Nouh AlKharoossi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nemah AlMansoori
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sara Ali Saeed AlShehhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Hamda AlMansoori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Maha AlKarbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Shina Sasi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sameera Karumannil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sampath Kumar Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
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Altaf MA, Behera B, Mangal V, Singhal RK, Kumar R, More S, Naz S, Mandal S, Dey A, Saqib M, Kishan G, Kumar A, Singh B, Tiwari RK, Lal MK. Tolerance and adaptation mechanism of Solanaceous crops under salinity stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 36356932 DOI: 10.1071/fp22158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solanaceous crops act as a source of food, nutrition and medicine for humans. Soil salinity is a damaging environmental stress, causing significant reductions in cultivated land area, crop productivity and quality, especially under climate change. Solanaceous crops are extremely vulnerable to salinity stress due to high water requirements during the reproductive stage and the succulent nature of fruits and tubers. Salinity stress impedes morphological and anatomical development, which ultimately affect the production and productivity of the economic part of these crops. The morpho-physiological parameters such as root-to-shoot ratio, leaf area, biomass production, photosynthesis, hormonal balance, leaf water content are disturbed under salinity stress in Solanaceous crops. Moreover, the synthesis and signalling of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, accumulation of compatible solutes, and osmoprotectant are significant under salinity stress which might be responsible for providing tolerance in these crops. The regulation at the molecular level is mediated by different genes, transcription factors, and proteins, which are vital in the tolerance mechanism. The present review aims to redraw the attention of the researchers to explore the mechanistic understanding and potential mitigation strategies against salinity stress in Solanaceous crops, which is an often-neglected commodity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Mangal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singhal
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanket More
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Gopi Kishan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India; and ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India; and ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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16
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Al-Huqail AA, Rizwan A, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Sakit Al-Haithloul HA, Alghanem SMS, Usman M, Majid N, Hamoud YA, Rizwan M, Abeed AA. Effect of exogenous application of biogenic silicon sources on growth, yield, and ionic homeostasis of maize (Zea mays L.) crops cultivated in alkaline soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140019. [PMID: 37657700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has emerged as a major threat to food security and safety around the globe. The crop production on agricultural lands is squeezing due to aridity, climate change and low quality of irrigation water. The present study investigated the effect of biogenic silicon (Si) sources including wheat straw biochar (BC-ws), cotton stick biochar (BC-cs), rice husk feedstock (RH-fs), and sugarcane bagasse (SB), on the growth of two consecutive maize (Zea mays L.) crops in alkaline calcareous soil. The application of SB increased the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and internal CO2 concentration by 104, 100, 55, and 16% in maize 1 and 140, 136, 76, and 22% in maize 2 respectively. Maximum yield (g/pot) of cob, straw, and root were remained as 39.5, 110.7, and 23.6 while 39.4, 113.2, and 23.6 in maize 1 and 2 respectively with the application of SB. The concentration of phosphorus (P) in roots, shoots, and cobs was increased by 157, 173, and 78% for maize 1 while 96, 224, and 161% for maize 2 respectively over control by applying SB. The plant cationic ratios (Mg:Na, Ca:Na, K:Na) were maximum in the SB applied treatment in maize 1 and 2. The study concluded that the application of SB on the basis of soluble Si, as a biogenic source, remained the best in alleviating the salt stress and enhancing the growth of maize in rotation. The field trials will be more interesting to recommend the farmer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Rizwan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naveeda Majid
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils (Soil CRC), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Hydrology and Water Recourses, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - AmanyH A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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Sukul U, Das K, Chen JS, Sharma RK, Dey G, Banerjee P, Taharia M, Lee CI, Maity JP, Lin PY, Chen CY. Insight interactions of engineered nanoparticles with aquatic higher plants for phytoaccumulation, phytotoxicity, and phytoremediation applications: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 264:106713. [PMID: 37866164 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
With the growing age of human civilization, industrialization has paced up equally which is followed by the innovation of newer concepts of science and technology. One such example is the invention of engineered nanoparticles and their flagrant use in widespread applications. While ENPs serve their intended purposes, they also disrupt the ecological balance by contaminating pristine aquatic ecosystems. This review encompasses a comprehensive discussion about the potent toxicity of ENPs on aquatic ecosystems, with a particular focus on their impact on aquatic higher plants. The discussion extends to elucidating the fate of ENPs upon release into aquatic environments, covering aspects ranging from morphological and physiological effects to molecular-level phytotoxicity. Furthermore, this level of toxicity has been correlated with the determination of competent plants for the phytoremediation process towards the mitigation of this ecological stress. However, this review further illustrates the path of future research which is yet to be explored. Determination of the genotoxicity level of aquatic higher plants could explain the entire process comprehensively. Moreover, to make it suitable to be used in natural ecosystems phytoremediation potential of co-existing plant species along with the presence of different ENPs need to be evaluated. This literature will undoubtedly offer readers a comprehensive understanding of the stress induced by the irresponsible release of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) into aquatic environments, along with insights into the resilience characteristics of these pristine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Sukul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Koyeli Das
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Raju Kumar Sharma
- Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Gobinda Dey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Pritam Banerjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Md Taharia
- Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Center for Nano Bio-Detection, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, AIM-HI, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jyoti Prakash Maity
- Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Pin-Yun Lin
- Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yen Chen
- Doctoral Progam in Science, Technology, Environment, and Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan; Center for Nano Bio-Detection, Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, AIM-HI, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan.
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18
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Luyckx A, Lutts S, Quinet M. Comparison of Salt Stress Tolerance among Two Leaf and Six Grain Cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3310. [PMID: 37765474 PMCID: PMC10535409 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Amaranths (Amaranthus L.) are multi-use crop species renowned for their nutritional quality and their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Since the soil salinity of croplands is a growing problem worldwide, we tested the salinity tolerance of six grain and two leaf cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus L. The plants were grown for 53 days under hydroponic conditions at 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl. We investigated the growth rate, photosynthetic activity, mineral content, pigments and biochemical compounds involved in oxidative stress. Although 100 mM NaCl always decreased biomass production, we highlighted Don Leon and K91 as tolerant cultivars under moderate salt stress (50 mM NaCl). Under salinity, sodium accumulated more in the shoots than in the roots, particularly in the stems. Sodium accumulation in the plants decreased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance but increased water use efficiency, and it decreased chlorophyll, betalain and polyphenol content in the leaves. It also decreased the foliar content of calcium, magnesium and potassium but not the iron and zinc content. The physiological parameters responded differently to sodium accumulation depending on the cultivar, suggesting a different relative importance of ionic and osmotic phases of salt stress among cultivars. Our results allowed us to identify the morpho-physiological traits of the cultivars with different salt tolerance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.L.)
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19
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Shao J, Tang W, Huang K, Ding C, Wang H, Zhang W, Li R, Aamer M, Hassan MU, Elnour RO, Hashem M, Huang G, Qari SH. How Does Zinc Improve Salinity Tolerance? Mechanisms and Future Prospects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3207. [PMID: 37765371 PMCID: PMC10534951 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress (SS) is a serious abiotic stress and a major constraint to agricultural productivity across the globe. High SS negatively affects plant growth and yield by altering soil physio-chemical properties and plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. The application of micronutrients is considered an important practice to mitigate the adverse effects of SS. Zinc (Zn) is an important nutrient that plays an imperative role in plant growth, and it could also help alleviate the effects of salt stress. Zn application improves seed germination, seedling growth, water uptake, plant water relations, nutrient uptake, and nutrient homeostasis, therefore improving plant performance and saline conditions. Zn application also protects the photosynthetic apparatus from salinity-induced oxidative stress and improves stomata movement, chlorophyll synthesis, carbon fixation, and osmolytes and hormone accumulation. Moreover, Zn application also increases the synthesis of secondary metabolites and the expression of stress responsive genes and stimulates antioxidant activities to counter the toxic effects of salt stress. Therefore, to better understand the role of Zn in plants under SS, we have discussed the various mechanisms by which Zn induces salinity tolerance in plants. We have also identified diverse research gaps that must be filled in future research programs. The present review article will fill the knowledge gaps on the role of Zn in mitigating salinity stress. This review will also help readers to learn more about the role of Zn and will provide new suggestions on how this knowledge can be used to develop salt tolerance in plants by using Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Shao
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Wei Tang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
| | - Kai Huang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
| | - Can Ding
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
| | - Haocheng Wang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; (J.S.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Ronghui Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Rehab O. Elnour
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dahran Al-Janoub, Abha 64353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Guoqin Huang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
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20
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Han X, Yang R, Zhang L, Wei Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y. A Review of Potato Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10726. [PMID: 37445900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato is the world's fourth largest food crop. Due to limited arable land and an ever-increasing demand for food from a growing population, it is critical to increase crop yields on existing acreage. Soil salinization is an increasing problem that dramatically impacts crop yields and restricts the growing area of potato. One possible solution to this problem is the development of salt-tolerant transgenic potato cultivars. In this work, we review the current potato planting distribution and the ways in which it overlaps with salinized land, in addition to covering the development and utilization of potato salt-tolerant cultivars. We also provide an overview of the current progress toward identifying potato salt tolerance genes and how they may be deployed to overcome the current challenges facing potato growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiaorong Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yazhi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Shi
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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21
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Jing Q, Chen A, Lv Z, Dong Z, Wang L, Meng X, Feng Y, Wan Y, Su C, Cui Y, Xu W, Hou H, Zhu X. Systematic Analysis of Galactinol Synthase and Raffinose Synthase Gene Families in Potato and Their Expression Patterns in Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1344. [PMID: 37510251 PMCID: PMC10379439 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are very important for plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. Galactinol synthase (GolS) and raffinose synthase (RFS) are critical enzymes involved in RFO biosynthesis. However, the whole-genome identification and stress responses of their coding genes in potato remain unexplored. In this study, four StGolS and nine StRFS genes were identified and classified into three and five subgroups, respectively. Remarkably, a total of two StGolS and four StRFS genes in potato were identified to form collinear pairs with those in both Arabidopsis and tomato, respectively. Subsequent analysis revealed that StGolS4 exhibited significantly high expression levels in transport-related tissues, PEG-6000, and ABA treatments, with remarkable upregulation under salt stress. Additionally, StRFS5 showed similar responses to StGolS4, but StRFS4 and StRFS8 gene expression increased significantly under salt treatment and decreased in PEG-6000 and ABA treatments. Overall, these results lay a foundation for further research on the functional characteristics and molecular mechanisms of these two gene families in response to ABA, salt, and drought stresses, and provide a theoretical foundation and new gene resources for the abiotic-stress-tolerant breeding of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quankai Jing
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Airu Chen
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Zhaoyan Lv
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Xiaoke Meng
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yue Feng
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yu Wan
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Chengyun Su
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yanjie Cui
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Hualan Hou
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zhu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China
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22
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Torabi S, Taheri MA, Semsarha F. Alleviative effects of Faradarmani Consciousness Field on Triticum aestivum L. under salinity stress. F1000Res 2023; 9:1089. [PMID: 37388901 PMCID: PMC10300499 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25247.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Faradarmani Consciousness Field was founded by Mohammad Ali Taheri. It is a novel field and is described similarly to the field of gravity, or the electromagnetic field. This field is neither matter nor energy, and therefore does not possess a quantity. Even though there is no direct scientific evidence for the Consciousness Field, it is possible to investigate its effects on objects through controlled experiments. The aim of the present work was to study the alleviative effects of the Faradarmani Consciousness Field on common wheat Triticum aestivum L. var Star under salt stress. Methods: Plants were grown under 0 mM NaCl (control) and 150 mM NaCl with or without the influence of Faradarmani Consciousness Field for 3 weeks. Chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POX) were measured in all groups of plants. Results: In the salt-treated plants under the influence of the Faradarmani Consciousness Field, the contents of total chlorophyll, as well as a and b chlorophyll forms, were elevated compared with the salt-treated plants without Faradarmani CF (34.8%, 17.8%, and 169% respectively). Additionally, Faradarmani increased H 2O 2 (57%) and the activity of SOD and PPO by 220% and 168%, respectively, under salinity compared with the salt-treated plants without Faradarmani CF. MDA content and activity of peroxidase were decreased by 12.5% and 34%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest the Faradarmani Consciousness Field as a qualitative intervention strategy to withstand salt stress in plants, by increasing the contents of chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing MDA content under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Torabi
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Biology, College of sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Taheri
- Sciencefact R&D Department, Cosmointel Inc. Research Center, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farid Semsarha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran
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23
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Kopecká R, Kameniarová M, Černý M, Brzobohatý B, Novák J. Abiotic Stress in Crop Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076603. [PMID: 37047573 PMCID: PMC10095105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce agricultural yields. Understanding the mechanisms of plant defenses against stresses and putting this knowledge into practice is, therefore, an integral part of sustainable agriculture. In this review, we focus on current findings in plant resistance to four cardinal abiotic stressors—drought, heat, salinity, and low temperatures. Apart from the description of the newly discovered mechanisms of signaling and resistance to abiotic stress, this review also focuses on the importance of primary and secondary metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, and phytohormones. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies concerning the model plant Arabidopsis demonstrates the long-observed phenomenon that abiotic stressors induce different signals and effects at the level of gene expression, but genes whose regulation is similar under most stressors can still be traced. The analysis further reveals the transcriptional modulation of Golgi-targeted proteins in response to heat stress. Our analysis also highlights several genes that are similarly regulated under all stress conditions. These genes support the central role of phytohormones in the abiotic stress response, and the importance of some of these in plant resistance has not yet been studied. Finally, this review provides information about the response to abiotic stress in major European crop plants—wheat, sugar beet, maize, potatoes, barley, sunflowers, grapes, rapeseed, tomatoes, and apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Kopecká
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kameniarová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Efimova MV, Danilova ED, Zlobin IE, Kolomeichuk LV, Murgan OK, Boyko EV, Kuznetsov VV. Priming Potato Plants with Melatonin Protects Stolon Formation under Delayed Salt Stress by Maintaining the Photochemical Function of Photosystem II, Ionic Homeostasis and Activating the Antioxidant System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076134. [PMID: 37047107 PMCID: PMC10094597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is among one of the promising agents able to protect agricultural plants from the adverse action of different stressors, including salinity. We aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin priming (0.1, 1.0 and 10 µM) on salt-stressed potato plants (125 mM NaCl), by studying the growth parameters, photochemical activity of photosystem II, water status, ion content and antioxidant system activity. Melatonin as a pleiotropic signaling molecule was found to decrease the negative effect of salt stress on stolon formation, tissue water content and ion status without a significant effect on the expression of Na+/H+-antiporter genes localized on the vacuolar (NHX1 to NHX3) and plasma membrane (SOS1). Melatonin effectively decreases the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in potato leaves in the whole range of concentrations studied. A melatonin-induced dose-dependent increase in Fv/Fm together with a decrease in uncontrolled non-photochemical dissipation Y(NO) also indicates decreased oxidative damage. The observed protective ability of melatonin was unlikely due to its influence on antioxidant enzymes, since neither SOD nor peroxidase were activated by melatonin. Melatonin exerted positive effects on the accumulation of water-soluble low-molecular-weight antioxidants, proline and flavonoids, which could aid in decreasing oxidative stress. The most consistent positive effect was observed on the accumulation of carotenoids, which are well-known lipophilic antioxidants playing an important role in the protection of photosynthesis from oxidative damage. Finally, it is possible that melatonin accumulated during pretreatment could exert direct antioxidative effects due to the ROS scavenging activity of melatonin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Efimova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Elena D Danilova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Ilya E Zlobin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Lilia V Kolomeichuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Olga K Murgan
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Boyko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
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25
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Assessing Future Climate Change Impacts on Potato Yields — A Case Study for Prince Edward Island, Canada. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061176. [PMID: 36981104 PMCID: PMC10048153 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop yields are adversely affected by climate change; therefore, it is crucial to develop climate adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts of increasing climate variability on the agriculture system to ensure food security. As one of the largest potato-producing provinces in Canada, Prince Edward Island (PEI) has recently experienced significant instability in potato production. PEI’s local farmers and stakeholders are extremely concerned about the prospects for the future of potato farming industries in the context of climate change. This study aims to use the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) potato model to simulate future potato yields under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate scenarios (including SSP1–1.9, SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5). The study evaluates the combined effects of changing climatic conditions at local scales (i.e., warming temperature and changing precipitation patterns) and increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere. The results indicate future significant declines in potato yield in PEI under the current farming practices. In particular, under the high-emission scenarios (e.g., SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5), the potato yield in PEI would decline by 48% and 60% in the 2070s and by 63% and 80% by 2090s; even under the low-emission scenarios (i.e., SSP1–1.9 and SSP1–2.6), the potato yield in PEI would still decline by 6–10%. This implies that it is important to develop effective climate adaptation measures (e.g., adjusting farming practices and introducing supplemental irrigation plans) to ensure the long-term sustainability of potato production in PEI.
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26
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Salt-Induced Changes in Cytosolic pH and Photosynthesis in Tobacco and Potato Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010491. [PMID: 36613934 PMCID: PMC9820604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most common factors limiting the productivity of crops. The damaging effect of salt stress on many vital plant processes is mediated, on the one hand, by the osmotic stress caused by large concentrations of Na+ and Cl- outside the root and, on the other hand, by the toxic effect of these ions loaded in the cell. In our work, the influence of salinity on the changes in photosynthesis, transpiration, water content and cytosolic pH in the leaves of two important crops of the Solanaceae family-tobacco and potato-was investigated. Salinity caused a decrease in photosynthesis activity, which manifested as a decrease in the quantum yield of photosystem II and an increase in non-photochemical quenching. Along with photosynthesis limitation, there was a slight reduction in the relative water content in the leaves and a decrease in transpiration, determined by the crop water stress index. Furthermore, a decrease in cytosolic pH was detected in tobacco and potato plants transformed by the gene of pH-sensitive protein Pt-GFP. The potential mechanisms of the salinity influence on the activity of photosynthesis were analyzed with the comparison of the parameters' dynamics, as well as the salt content in the leaves.
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27
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Sanwal SK, Kesh H, Kumar A, Dubey BK, Khar A, Rouphael Y, Kumar P. Salt Tolerance Potential in Onion: Confirmation through Physiological and Biochemical Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3325. [PMID: 36501363 PMCID: PMC9739851 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Production of many crops, including onion, under salinity is lagging due to limited information on the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify salt-tolerant onion genotypes based on physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with their differential responses. Thirty-six accessions were evaluated under control and salt stress conditions, and based on growth and bulb yield. Results revealed that plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control. Based on percent bulb yield reduction, seven varieties were classified as salt tolerant (with <20% yield reduction), seven as salt-sensitive (with >40% yield reduction) and the remaining as moderately tolerant (with 20 to 40% yield reduction). Finally, seven salt-tolerant and seven salt-sensitive accessions were selected for detailed study of their physiological and biochemical traits and their differential responses under salinity. High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions, viz. POS35, NHRDF Red (L-28), GWO 1, POS36, NHRDF Red-4 (L-744), POS37, and POS38. Conversely, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions, viz. ALR, GJWO 3, Kalyanpur Red Round, NHRDF Red-3 (L-652), Agrifound White, and NHRDF (L-920). Stepwise regression analysis identified bulb diameter), plant height, APX, stomatal conductance (gS), POX, CAT, MDA, MSI, and bulb Na+/K+ ratio as predictor traits accounting for maximum variation in bulb yield under salinity. The identified seven salt-tolerant varieties can be used in future onion breeding programs for developing tolerant genotypes for salt-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Kesh
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Bhanu Kumar Dubey
- National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Anil Khar
- ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
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Wu Y, Li X, Zhang J, Zhao H, Tan S, Xu W, Pan J, Yang F, Pi E. ERF subfamily transcription factors and their function in plant responses to abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042084. [PMID: 36531407 PMCID: PMC9748296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF) subfamily comprise the largest number of proteins in the plant AP2/ERF superfamily, and have been most extensively studied on the biological functions. Members of this subfamily have been proven to regulate plant resistances to various abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, chilling and some other adversities. Under these stresses, ERFs are usually activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase induced phosphorylation or escape from ubiquitin-ligase enzymes, and then form complex with nucleic proteins before binding to cis-element in promoter regions of stress responsive genes. In this review, we will discuss the phylogenetic relationships among the ERF subfamily proteins, summarize molecular mechanism how the transcriptional activity of ERFs been regulated and how ERFs of different subgroup regulate the transcription of stress responsive genes, such as high-affinity K+ transporter gene PalHKT1;2, reactive oxygen species related genes LcLTP, LcPrx, and LcRP, flavonoids synthesis related genes FtF3H and LhMYBSPLATTER, etc. Though increasing researches demonstrate that ERFs are involved in various abiotic stresses, very few interact proteins and target genes of them have been comprehensively annotated. Hence, future research prospects are described on the mechanisms of how stress signals been transited to ERFs and how ERFs regulate the transcriptional expression of stress responsive genes.
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Shelake RM, Kadam US, Kumar R, Pramanik D, Singh AK, Kim JY. Engineering drought and salinity tolerance traits in crops through CRISPR-mediated genome editing: Targets, tools, challenges, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100417. [PMID: 35927945 PMCID: PMC9700172 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged periods of drought triggered by climate change hamper plant growth and cause substantial agricultural yield losses every year. In addition to drought, salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that severely affect crop health and agricultural production. Plant responses to drought and salinity involve multiple processes that operate in a spatiotemporal manner, such as stress sensing, perception, epigenetic modifications, transcription, post-transcriptional processing, translation, and post-translational changes. Consequently, drought and salinity stress tolerance are polygenic traits influenced by genome-environment interactions. One of the ideal solutions to these challenges is the development of high-yielding crop varieties with enhanced stress tolerance, together with improved agricultural practices. Recently, genome-editing technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) tools, have been effectively applied to elucidate how plants deal with drought and saline environments. In this work, we aim to portray that the combined use of CRISPR-based genome engineering tools and modern genomic-assisted breeding approaches are gaining momentum in identifying genetic determinants of complex traits for crop improvement. This review provides a synopsis of plant responses to drought and salinity stresses at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels. We also highlight recent advances in CRISPR-based tools and their use in understanding the multi-level nature of plant adaptations to drought and salinity stress. Integrating CRISPR tools with modern breeding approaches is ideal for identifying genetic factors that regulate plant stress-response pathways and for the introgression of beneficial traits to develop stress-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Dibyajyoti Pramanik
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Jing Q, Hou H, Meng X, Chen A, Wang L, Zhu H, Zheng S, Lv Z, Zhu X. Transcriptome analysis reveals the proline metabolic pathway and its potential regulation TF-hub genes in salt-stressed potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030138. [PMID: 36325562 PMCID: PMC9619106 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is currently the third most important food crop in the world. However, the production of potato is seriously threatened by salt stress, which often occurs in the facility cultivation environment, and the mining of salt tolerance genes in potato remains to be further studied. In this study, test-tube plantlets of DM potato were treated with 200-mM NaCl to simulate salt stress, and 15 cDNA libraries were constructed for RNA-seq analysis. A total of 8383 DEGs were identified, of which 3961 DEGs were shared among all the salt treatments, and 264 (7.15%) TF-coding genes were identified from these shared DEGs. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs identified from the "arginine and proline metabolism" (ko00330) were enriched in the proline metabolic pathway, and their functions almost covered the whole proline metabolic process. Further analysis showed that expression levels of all the 13 structural DEGs in the pathway were significantly up-regulated and proline accumulation was also significantly increased under salt stress, and 13 TF-hub genes were discovered by WGCNA in the lightcyan and tan modules which were highly positively correlated with the proline contents. Correlation analysis revealed that the four TF-hub genes of the lightcyan module and seven structural DEGs of the proline metabolic pathway might be the potential candidate genes, especially the potential and novel regulatory gene StGLK014720. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the key protein StGLK014720 could activate the promoters of both structural genes StAST021010 and StAST017480. In conclusion, these results lay the foundation for further study on the salt tolerance mechanism of potato, and provide a theoretical basis and new genetic resources for salt tolerance breeding of potato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaoyan Lv
- *Correspondence: Zhaoyan Lv, ; Xiaobiao Zhu,
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31
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Mousavi SS, Karami A, Maggi F. Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Iranian licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra l.) accessions under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984944. [PMID: 36275588 PMCID: PMC9585319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While salinity is increasingly becoming a prominent concern in arable farms around the globe, various treatments can be used for the mitigation of salt stress. Here, the effective presence of Azotobacter sp. inoculation (A1) and absence of inoculation (A0) was evaluated on Iranian licorice plants under NaCl stress (0 and 200 mM) (S0 and S1, respectively). In this regard, 16 Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) accessions were evaluated for the effects on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. Leaf samples were measured for photosynthetic pigments (via a spectrophotometer), stomatal and trichome-related features (via SEM), along with several other morphological and biochemical features. The results revealed an increase in the amount of carotenoids that was caused by bacterial inoculation, which was 28.3% higher than the non-inoculated treatment. Maximum initial fluorescence intensity (F0) (86.7) was observed in the 'Bardsir' accession. Meanwhile, the highest variable fluorescence (Fv), maximal fluorescence intensity (Fm), and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) (0.3, 0.4, and 0.8, respectively) were observed in the 'Eghlid' accession. Regarding anatomical observations of the leaf structure, salinity reduced stomatal density but increased trichome density. Under the effect of bacterial inoculation, salinity stress was mitigated. With the effect of bacterial inoculation under salinity stress, stomatal length and width increased, compared to the condition of no bacterial inoculation. Minimum malondialdehyde content was observed in 'Mahabad' accession (17.8 μmol/g FW). Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that 'Kashmar', 'Sepidan', 'Bajgah', 'Kermanshah', and 'Taft' accessions were categorized in the same group while being characterized by better performance in the aerial parts of plants. Taken together, the present results generally indicated that selecting the best genotypes, along with exogenous applications of Azotobacter, can improve the outcomes of licorice cultivation for industrial purposes under harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Sasan Mousavi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akbar Karami
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Silicon Supplementation Alleviates the Salinity Stress in Wheat Plants by Enhancing the Plant Water Status, Photosynthetic Pigments, Proline Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192525. [PMID: 36235391 PMCID: PMC9572231 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element on earth after oxygen and is very important for plant growth under stress conditions. In the present study, we inspected the role of Si in the mitigation of the negative effect of salt stress at three concentrations (40 mM, 80 mM, and 120 mM NaCl) in two wheat varieties (KRL-210 and WH-1105) with or without Si (0 mM and 2 mM) treatment. Our results showed that photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll stability index, relative water content, protein content, and carbohydrate content were reduced at all three salt stress concentrations in both wheat varieties. Moreover, lipid peroxidation, proline content, phenol content, and electrolyte leakage significantly increased under salinity stress. The antioxidant enzyme activities, like catalase and peroxidase, were significantly enhanced under salinity in both leaves and roots; however, SOD activity was drastically decreased under salt stress in both leaves and roots. These negative effects of salinity were more pronounced in WH-1105, as KRL-210 is a salt-tolerant wheat variety. On the other hand, supplementation of Si improved the photosynthetic pigments, relative water, protein, and carbohydrate contents in both varieties. In addition, proline content, MDA content, and electrolyte leakage were shown to decline following Si application under salt stress. It was found that applying Si enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities under stress conditions. Si showed better results in WH-1105 than in KRL-210. Furthermore, Si was found to be more effective at a salt concentration of 120 mM compared to low salt concentrations (40 mM, 80 mM), indicating that it significantly improved plant growth under stressed conditions. Our experimental findings will open a new area of research in Si application for the identification and implication of novel genes involved in enhancing salinity tolerance.
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Fu R, Meng D, Song B, Wang H, Zhang J, Li J. The carbohydrate elicitor Riclinoctaose facilitates defense and growth of potato roots by inducing changes in transcriptional and metabolic profiles. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111349. [PMID: 35709981 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Promoting both root growth and defense is conducive to the production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), while the role of elicitors in this topic hasn't been fully understood. To investigate the effect of Riclinoctaose (RiOc) on root growth and defense, potato tissue cuttings were cultivated with different concentration of RiOc (0, 50, 200 mg/L) for 5 weeks and changes in root morphology, transcription, enzymatic and metabolomic profiles were monitored over time. The results indicated that RiOc triggered the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense response and facilitated the growth of adventitious and lateral roots in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MPK3/MPK6, SA- and auxin-signaling pathways and transcription factors such as WUS, SCR and GRAS4/GRAS9 participated in this process. Moreover, the 1H NMR based metabolome profiling demonstrated that potato roots altered the primary metabolism to respond to the RiOc elicitation and efficiency in production and allocation of defense and growth-related metabolites was improved. After 5-week treatment, the level of glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, glutamine, asparagine, isoleucine, valine, 3-hydroxyisovalerate and ferulate increased, while acetate, acetoacetate, fucose, and 2-hydroxyphenylacetate declined. In conclusion, RiOc played dual roles in activating the SA-mediated defense response and in promoting growth of potato roots by inducing changes in root transcription and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Deyao Meng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Baocai Song
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China; School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Altaf MA, Shahid R, Altaf MM, Kumar R, Naz S, Kumar A, Alam P, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Ahmad P. Melatonin: First-line soldier in tomato under abiotic stress current and future perspective. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:188-197. [PMID: 35700585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a natural, multifunctional, nontoxic, regulatory, and ubiquitous biomolecule, having low molecular weight and pleiotropic effects in the plant kingdom. It is a recently discovered plant master regulator which has a crucial role under abiotic stress conditions (salinity, drought, heat, cold, alkalinity, acid rain, ozone, and metals stress). In the solanaceous family, the tomato is highly sensitive to abiotic stresses that affect its growth and development, ultimately hampering production and productivity. Melatonin acts as a strong antioxidant, bio-stimulator, and growth regulator, facilitating photosynthesis, delaying leaf senescence, and increasing the antioxidant enzymes system through direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under abiotic stresses. In addition, melatonin also boosts morphological traits such as vegetative growth, leaf photosynthesis, root architecture system, mineral nutrient elements, and antioxidant activities in tomato plants, confirming their tolerances against salinity, drought, heat, cold, alkalinity, acid rain, chemical, pathogen, and metals stress. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the potential role of melatonin for tomato plant endurance towards abiotic stresses, along with the known relationship between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Shahid
- School of Management, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, HP, India
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, HP, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, HP, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Riaz M, Akhtar N, Msimbira LA, Antar M, Ashraf S, Khan SN, Smith DL. Neocosmospora rubicola, a stem rot disease in potato: Characterization, distribution and management. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:953097. [PMID: 36033873 PMCID: PMC9403868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops in maintaining global food security. Plant stand and yield are affected by production technology, climate, soil type, and biotic factors such as insects and diseases. Numerous fungal diseases including Neocosmospora rubicola, causing stem rot, are known to have negative effects on potato growth and yield quality. The pathogen is known to stunt growth and cause leaf yellowing with grayish-black stems. The infectivity of N. rubicola across a number of crops indicates the need to search for appropriate management approaches. Synthetic pesticides application is a major method to mitigate almost all potato diseases at this time. However, these pesticides significantly contribute to environmental damage and continuous use leads to pesticide resistance by pathogens. Consumers interest in organic products have influenced agronomists to shift toward the use of biologicals in controlling most pathogens, including N. rubicola. This review is an initial effort to carefully examine current and alternative approaches to control N. rubicola that are both environmentally safe and ecologically sound. Therefore, this review aims to draw attention to the N. rubicola distribution and symptomatology, and sustainable management strategies for potato stem rot disease. Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) as bioformulations with synthetic fertilizers have the potential to increase the tuber yield in both healthy and N. rubicola infested soils. Phosphorus and nitrogen applications along with the PGPB can improve plants uptake efficiency and reduce infestation of pathogen leading to increased yield. Therefore, to control N. rubicola infestation, with maximum tuber yield benefits, a pre-application of the biofertilizer is shown as a better option, based on the most recent studies. With the current limited information on the disease, precise screening of the available resistant potato cultivars, developing molecular markers for resistance genes against N. rubicola will assist to reduce spread and virulence of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naureen Akhtar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mohammed Antar
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salik Nawaz Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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36
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Sanwal SK, Kumar P, Kesh H, Gupta VK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Meena BL, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Kumar P. Salinity Stress Tolerance in Potato Cultivars: Evidence from Physiological and Biochemical Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11141842. [PMID: 35890476 PMCID: PMC9316722 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major constraint to sustainable crop production due to its adverse impact on crop growth, physiology, and productivity. As potato is the fourth most important staple food crop, enhancing its productivity is necessary to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population. Identification and cultivation of salt-tolerant potato genotypes are imperative mitigating strategies to cope with stress conditions. For this purpose, fifty-three varieties of potato were screened under control and salt stress conditions for growth and yield-related traits during 2020. Salt stress caused a mean reduction of 14.49%, 8.88%, and 38.75% in plant height, stem numbers, and tuber yield, respectively in comparison to control. Based on percent yield reduction, the genotypes were classified as salt-tolerant (seven genotypes), moderately tolerant (thirty-seven genotypes), and salt-sensitive genotypes (nine genotypes). Seven salt-tolerant and nine salt-sensitive genotypes were further evaluated to study their responses to salinity on targeted physiological, biochemical, and ionic traits during 2021. Salt stress significantly reduced the relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance, and K+/Na+ ratio in all the sixteen genotypes; however, this reduction was more pronounced in salt-sensitive genotypes compared to salt-tolerant ones. The better performance of salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress was due to the strong antioxidant defense system as evidenced by greater activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and better osmotic adjustment (accumulation of proline). The stepwise regression approach identified plant height, stem numbers, relative water content, proline content, H2O2, POX, tuber K+/Na+, and membrane stability index as predominant traits for tuber yield, suggesting their significant role in alleviating salt stress. The identified salt-tolerant genotypes could be used in hybridization programs for the development of new high-yielding and salt-tolerant breeding lines. Further, these genotypes can be used to understand the genetic and molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Sanwal
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Parveen Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
- ICAR—Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa 403402, India
| | - Hari Kesh
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Vijai Kishor Gupta
- ICAR—Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station Modipuram, Meerut 250110, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Babu Lal Meena
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; (P.K.); (H.K.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (B.L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India;
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Zhu H, Yang X, Li Q, Guo J, Ma T, Liu S, Lin S, Zhou Y, Zhao C, Wang J, Sui J. The Sweetpotato Voltage-Gated K + Channel β Subunit, KIbB1, Positively Regulates Low-K + and High-Salinity Tolerance by Maintaining Ion Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061100. [PMID: 35741862 PMCID: PMC9222298 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated K+ channel β subunits act as a structural component of Kin channels in different species. The β subunits are not essential to the channel activity but confer different properties through binding the T1 domain or the C-terminal of α subunits. Here, we studied the physiological function of a novel gene, KIbB1, encoding a voltage-gated K+ channel β subunit in sweetpotato. The transcriptional level of this gene was significantly higher in the low-K+-tolerant line than that in the low-K+-sensitive line under K+ deficiency conditions. In Arabidopsis, KIbB1 positively regulated low-K+ tolerance through regulating K+ uptake and translocation. Under high-salinity stress, the growth conditions of transgenic lines were obviously better than wild typr (WT). Enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging were activated in transgenic plants. Accordingly, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the accumulation of ROS such as H2O2 and O2− were lower in transgenic lines under salt stress. It was also found that the overexpression of KIbB1 enhanced K+ uptake, but the translocation from root to shoot was not affected under salt stress. This demonstrates that KIbB1 acted as a positive regulator in high-salinity stress resistance through regulating Na+ and K+ uptake to maintain K+/Na+ homeostasis. These results collectively suggest that the mechanisms of KIbB1 in regulating K+ were somewhat different between low-K+ and high-salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Qiyan Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiayu Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Shuyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Shunyu Lin
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingshan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiongming Sui
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Q, Qin Y, Hu X, Jin L, Li G, Gong Z, Xiong X, Wang W. Physiology and Gene Expression Analysis of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1565. [PMID: 35736717 PMCID: PMC9229698 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) faces a severe challenge due to the salinization of arable land worldwide. The cultivation of salt-tolerant potatoes is of great significance to ensure food security. In this study, two cultivars of 'Longshu 5' and 'Qingshu 9' were compared for physiological responses to salt stress, and then the salt tolerance of the two cultivars were assessed via principal component analysis. Furthermore, the Na+, K+, and Ca2+ flux of the cultivars under salt stress was recorded. Finally, the expression levels of ion transport-related genes and transcription factors in salt-tolerant cultivars were explored under NaCl stress. The results showed that the seven physiological indicators of salt tolerance were differed between the cultivars. Interestingly, soluble protein and sugar were early responsive to salt stress than proline in the salt-tolerance cultivar. Peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly different in 'Longshu 5' under NaCl stress and without being significantly different in 'Qingshu9'. In addition, the salt tolerance of 'Longshu 5' was more tolerant than 'Qingshu 9' based on principal component evaluation. Meanwhile, the strong efflux of Na+, the stability of K+, and the high absorption of Ca2+ in 'Longshu 5' indicated salt adaption mechanisms in the salt-tolerant potato. In addition, we found that ion transport-related genes and transcription factors, such as StSOS1, StNHX4, StAKT1, StNAC24, and StCYP707A, played a role in the salt tolerance of 'Longshu 5'. In conclusion, the salt-tolerant potato can regulate physiological substances to adapt to salt stress, and ion transport related genes and transcription factors play a role in improving salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Root and Tuber Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.L.); (L.J.); (G.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education Changsha, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Yuzhi Qin
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education Changsha, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinxi Hu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education Changsha, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Q.); (X.H.)
| | - Liping Jin
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Root and Tuber Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.L.); (L.J.); (G.L.)
| | - Guangcun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Root and Tuber Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.L.); (L.J.); (G.L.)
| | - Zhenping Gong
- Tangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tangshan 063001, China;
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education Changsha, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes, Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Q.); (X.H.)
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wanxing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Root and Tuber Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (Q.L.); (L.J.); (G.L.)
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Combinatorial interactive effect of vegetable and condiments with potato on starch digestibility and estimated in vitro glycemic response. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yadav MR, Choudhary M, Singh J, Lal MK, Jha PK, Udawat P, Gupta NK, Rajput VD, Garg NK, Maheshwari C, Hasan M, Gupta S, Jatwa TK, Kumar R, Yadav AK, Prasad PVV. Impacts, Tolerance, Adaptation, and Mitigation of Heat Stress on Wheat under Changing Climates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052838. [PMID: 35269980 PMCID: PMC8911405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the production and quality of wheat. Rising temperatures are particularly threatening to wheat production. A detailed overview of morpho-physio-biochemical responses of wheat to HS is critical to identify various tolerance mechanisms and their use in identifying strategies to safeguard wheat production under changing climates. The development of thermotolerant wheat cultivars using conventional or molecular breeding and transgenic approaches is promising. Over the last decade, different omics approaches have revolutionized the way plant breeders and biotechnologists investigate underlying stress tolerance mechanisms and cellular homeostasis. Therefore, developing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data sets and a deeper understanding of HS tolerance mechanisms of different wheat cultivars are needed. The most reliable method to improve plant resilience to HS must include agronomic management strategies, such as the adoption of climate-smart cultivation practices and use of osmoprotectants and cultured soil microbes. However, looking at the complex nature of HS, the adoption of a holistic approach integrating outcomes of breeding, physiological, agronomical, and biotechnological options is required. Our review aims to provide insights concerning morpho-physiological and molecular impacts, tolerance mechanisms, and adaptation strategies of HS in wheat. This review will help scientific communities in the identification, development, and promotion of thermotolerant wheat cultivars and management strategies to minimize negative impacts of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malu Ram Yadav
- Division of Agronomy, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, India; (M.R.Y.); (J.S.); (N.K.G.); (N.K.G.); (S.G.); (T.K.J.); (A.K.Y.)
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Jogendra Singh
- Division of Agronomy, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, India; (M.R.Y.); (J.S.); (N.K.G.); (N.K.G.); (S.G.); (T.K.J.); (A.K.Y.)
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India;
| | - Prakash Kumar Jha
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(517)-944-4698
| | - Pushpika Udawat
- Janardan Rai Nagar Rajasthan Vidyapeeth, Udaipur 313001, India;
| | - Narendra Kumar Gupta
- Division of Agronomy, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, India; (M.R.Y.); (J.S.); (N.K.G.); (N.K.G.); (S.G.); (T.K.J.); (A.K.Y.)
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Nitin Kumar Garg
- Division of Agronomy, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, India; (M.R.Y.); (J.S.); (N.K.G.); (N.K.G.); (S.G.); (T.K.J.); (A.K.Y.)
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Division of Agro Produce Processing, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India;
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Division of Agronomy, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, India; (M.R.Y.); (J.S.); (N.K.G.); (N.K.G.); (S.G.); (T.K.J.); (A.K.Y.)
| | - Tarun Kumar Jatwa
- Division of Agronomy, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, India; (M.R.Y.); (J.S.); (N.K.G.); (N.K.G.); (S.G.); (T.K.J.); (A.K.Y.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Division of Agronomy, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar Yadav
- Division of Agronomy, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303329, India; (M.R.Y.); (J.S.); (N.K.G.); (N.K.G.); (S.G.); (T.K.J.); (A.K.Y.)
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Behera TK, Krishna R, Ansari WA, Aamir M, Kumar P, Kashyap SP, Pandey S, Kole C. Approaches Involved in the Vegetable Crops Salt Stress Tolerance Improvement: Present Status and Way Ahead. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787292. [PMID: 35281697 PMCID: PMC8916085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses as it persists throughout the plant life cycle. The productivity of crops is prominently affected by soil salinization due to faulty agricultural practices, increasing human activities, and natural processes. Approximately 10% of the total land area (950 Mha) and 50% of the total irrigated area (230 Mha) in the world are under salt stress. As a consequence, an annual loss of 12 billion US$ is estimated because of reduction in agriculture production inflicted by salt stress. The severity of salt stress will increase in the upcoming years with the increasing world population, and hence the forced use of poor-quality soil and irrigation water. Unfortunately, majority of the vegetable crops, such as bean, carrot, celery, eggplant, lettuce, muskmelon, okra, pea, pepper, potato, spinach, and tomato, have very low salinity threshold (ECt, which ranged from 1 to 2.5 dS m-1 in saturated soil). These crops used almost every part of the world and lakes' novel salt tolerance gene within their gene pool. Salt stress severely affects the yield and quality of these crops. To resolve this issue, novel genes governing salt tolerance under extreme salt stress were identified and transferred to the vegetable crops. The vegetable improvement for salt tolerance will require not only the yield influencing trait but also target those characters or traits that directly influence the salt stress to the crop developmental stage. Genetic engineering and grafting is the potential tool which can improve salt tolerance in vegetable crop regardless of species barriers. In the present review, an updated detail of the various physio-biochemical and molecular aspects involved in salt stress have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram Krishna
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Mohd Aamir
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Sudhakar Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Varanasi, India
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Chourasia KN, More SJ, Kumar A, Kumar D, Singh B, Bhardwaj V, Kumar A, Das SK, Singh RK, Zinta G, Tiwari RK, Lal MK. Salinity responses and tolerance mechanisms in underground vegetable crops: an integrative review. PLANTA 2022; 255:68. [PMID: 35169941 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present review gives an insight into the salinity stress tolerance responses and mechanisms of underground vegetable crops. Phytoprotectants, agronomic practices, biofertilizers, and modern biotechnological approaches are crucial for salinity stress management. Underground vegetables are the source of healthy carbohydrates, resistant starch, antioxidants, vitamins, mineral, and nutrients which benefit human health. Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture that severely affects the growth, development, and productivity of underground vegetable crops. Salt stress induces several morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes in crop plants which include reduction in plant height, leaf area, and biomass. Also, salinity stress impedes the growth of the underground organs, which ultimately reduces crop yield. Moreover, salt stress is detrimental to photosynthesis, membrane integrity, nutrient balance, and leaf water content. Salt tolerance mechanisms involve a complex interplay of several genes, transcription factors, and proteins that are involved in the salinity tolerance mechanism in underground crops. Besides, a coordinated interaction between several phytoprotectants, phytohormones, antioxidants, and microbes is needed. So far, a comprehensive review of salinity tolerance responses and mechanisms in underground vegetables is not available. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of salt stress effects on underground vegetable crops at different levels of biological organization and discuss the underlying salt tolerance mechanisms. Also, the role of multi-omics in dissecting gene and protein regulatory networks involved in salt tolerance mechanisms is highlighted, which can potentially help in breeding salt-tolerant underground vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Nishant Chourasia
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Selem E, Hassan AASA, Awad MF, Mansour E, Desoky ESM. Impact of Exogenously Sprayed Antioxidants on Physio-Biochemical, Agronomic, and Quality Parameters of Potato in Salt-Affected Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:210. [PMID: 35050098 PMCID: PMC8781455 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the harsh environmental stresses that destructively impact potato growth and production, particularly in arid regions. Exogenously applied safe-efficient materials is a vital approach for ameliorating plant growth, productivity, and quality under salinity stress. This study aimed at investigating the impact of foliar spray using folic acid (FA), ascorbic acid (AA), and salicylic acid (SA) at different concentrations (100, 150, or 200 mg/L) on plant growth, physiochemical ingredients, antioxidant defense system, tuber yield, and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Spunta) grown in salt-affected soil (EC = 7.14 dS/m) during two growing seasons. The exogenously applied antioxidant materials (FA, AA, and SA) significantly enhanced growth attributes (plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, and leaves area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids), gas exchange (net photosynthetic rate, Pn; transpiration rate, Tr; and stomatal conductance, gs), nutrient content (N, P, and K), K+/ Na+ ratio, nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds (proline and soluble sugar content), enzymatic antioxidants (catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) tuber yield traits, and tuber quality (dry matter, protein, starch percentage, total carbohydrates, and sugars percentage) compared with untreated plants in both seasons. Otherwise, exogenous application significantly decreased Na+ and Cl- compared to the untreated control under salt stress conditions. Among the assessed treatments, the applied foliar of AA at a rate of 200 mg/L was more effective in promoting salt tolerance, which can be employed in reducing the losses caused by salinity stress in potato grown in salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Selem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Asem A. S. A. Hassan
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Mukarram M, Khan MMA, Zehra A, Petrik P, Kurjak D. Suffer or Survive: Decoding Salt-Sensitivity of Lemongrass and Its Implication on Essential Oil Productivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903954. [PMID: 35783975 PMCID: PMC9245047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) crop is dominated by its medicinal, food preservative, and cosmetic demands. The growing economy of the lemongrass market suggests the immense commercial potential of lemongrass and its essential oil. Nevertheless, the continuous increase of the saline regime threatens the growth and productivity of most of the plant life worldwide. In this regard, the present experiment explores the salt sensitiveness of the lemongrass crop against five different levels of salt stress. Metabolomic analyses suggest that lemongrass plants can effectively tolerate a salt concentration of up to 80 mM and retain most of their growth and productivity. However, extreme NaCl concentrations (≥160 mM) inflicted significant (α = 0.05) damage to the plant physiology and exhausted the lemongrass antioxidative defence system. Therefore, the highest NaCl concentration (240 mM) minimised plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence, and essential oil production by up to 50, 27, and 45%. The overall data along with the salt implications on photosynthetic machinery and ROS metabolism suggest that lemongrass can be considered a moderately sensitive crop to salt stress. The study, sensu lato, can be used in reclaiming moderately saline lands with lemongrass cultivation converting such lands from economic liability to economic asset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Mukarram, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-9366
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Peter Petrik
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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Jaiswal B, Singh S, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Assessment of physiological, biochemical and yield responses of wheat plants under natural saline and non-saline field conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2315-2331. [PMID: 34744368 PMCID: PMC8526689 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major threat to crop productivity all over the world including the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) region of India. Therefore, a field study was conducted for two consecutive years in wheat growing areas in IGP affected by salinity. Plants grown at a saline site (Salempur, SLM) and a non-saline site (Rajatalab, RJT), were analysed for selected biochemical, physiological and yield traits. Results showed that photosynthetic rate was not significantly affected, but transpiration rate and stomatal conductance declined at saline compared to non-saline site. Photosynthetic pigments increased during vegetative growth period, but decreased during reproductive stage at SLM site, while anthocyanin showed an opposite trend. Membrane damage, solute leakage, H2O2 and ·O2 - productions were intensified at saline site, SLM. Accumulation of osmolytes and antioxidants occurred in plants at saline compared to non-saline sites. K/Na and Ca/Na ratios in plants at SLM were reduced significantly compared to non-saline site, RJT. Biomass and yield also declined at SLM compared to RJT. Principle component and path analyses on the measured parameters clearly showed that defense strategies adopted by plants helped to maintain the photosynthetic rate but biomass and yield of wheat got compromised under high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Suruchi Singh
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Hezema YS, Shukla MR, Goel A, Ayyanath MM, Sherif SM, Saxena PK. Rootstocks Overexpressing StNPR1 and StDREB1 Improve Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Wild-Type Scion in Transgrafted Tobacco Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8398. [PMID: 34445105 PMCID: PMC8395105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In grafted plants, the movement of long-distance signals from rootstocks can modulate the development and function of the scion. To understand the mechanisms by which tolerant rootstocks improve scion responses to osmotic stress (OS) conditions, mRNA transport of osmotic responsive genes (ORGs) was evaluated in a tomato/potato heterograft system. In this system, Solanum tuberosum was used as a rootstock and Solanum lycopersicum as a scion. We detected changes in the gene expression levels of 13 out of the 21 ORGs tested in the osmotically stressed plants; of these, only NPR1 transcripts were transported across the graft union under both normal and OS conditions. Importantly, OS increased the abundance of StNPR1 transcripts in the tomato scion. To examine mRNA mobility in transgrafted plants, StNPR1 and StDREB1 genes representing the mobile and non-mobile transcripts, respectively, were overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The evaluation of transgenic tobacco plants indicated that overexpression of these genes enhanced the growth and improved the physiological status of transgenic plants growing under OS conditions induced by NaCl, mannitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG). We also found that transgenic tobacco rootstocks increased the OS tolerance of the WT-scion. Indeed, WT scions on transgenic rootstocks had higher ORGs transcript levels than their counterparts on non-transgenic rootstocks. However, neither StNPR1 nor StDREB1 transcripts were transported from the transgenic rootstock to the wild-type (WT) tobacco scion, suggesting that other long-distance signals downstream these transgenes could have moved across the graft union leading to OS tolerance. Overall, our results signify the importance of StNPR1 and StDREB1 as two anticipated candidates for the development of stress-resilient crops through transgrafting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine S. Hezema
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
- Department of Horticulture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22713, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Mukund R. Shukla
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Alok Goel
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Murali M. Ayyanath
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
| | - Praveen K. Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
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