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Bohn T, Balbuena E, Ulus H, Iddir M, Wang G, Crook N, Eroglu A. Carotenoids in Health as Studied by Omics-Related Endpoints. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1538-1578. [PMID: 37678712 PMCID: PMC10721521 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been associated with risk reduction for several chronic diseases, including the association of their dietary intake/circulating levels with reduced incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and even lower total mortality. In addition to some carotenoids constituting vitamin A precursors, they are implicated in potential antioxidant effects and pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress, including transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Carotenoids and metabolites may also interact with nuclear receptors, mainly retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, which play a role in the immune system and cellular differentiation. Therefore, a large number of downstream targets are likely influenced by carotenoids, including but not limited to genes and proteins implicated in oxidative stress and inflammation, antioxidation, and cellular differentiation processes. Furthermore, recent studies also propose an association between carotenoid intake and gut microbiota. While all these endpoints could be individually assessed, a more complete/integrative way to determine a multitude of health-related aspects of carotenoids includes (multi)omics-related techniques, especially transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics, as well as metagenomics, measured in a variety of biospecimens including plasma, urine, stool, white blood cells, or other tissue cellular extracts. In this review, we highlight the use of omics technologies to assess health-related effects of carotenoids in mammalian organisms and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Emilio Balbuena
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Hande Ulus
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Mohammed Iddir
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Genan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nathan Crook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States.
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2
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Ma W, Li X, Zhang F, Zhang ZY, Yang WQ, Huang PW, Gu Y, Sun XM. Enhancing the biomass and docosahexaenoic acid-rich lipid accumulation of Schizochytrium sp. in propionate wastewater. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300052. [PMID: 37128672 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to find a more effective way to obtain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich lipid from Schizochytrium sp., a widespread propionate wastewater (PW) is used. PW is a common industrial and domestic wastewater, and transforming it into valuable products is a potential treatment method. Schizochytrium sp. is a rapidly growing oleaginous organism, which has been used commercially for DHA production. Herein, PW is completely used for DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. by genetic engineering and fermentation optimization, which can alleviate the increasingly tense demand for water resources and environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater. Firstly, the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) was overexpressed in Schizochytrium sp. to enhance the metabolism of propionate, then the engineered strain of overexpressed MCM (OMCM) can effectively use propionate. Then, the effects of PW with different concentration of propionate were investigated, and results showed that OMCM can completely replace clean water with PW containing 5 g L-1 propionate. Furthermore, in the fed-batch fermentation, the OMCM obtained the highest biomass of 113.4 g L-1 and lipid yield of 64.4 g L-1 in PW condition, which is 26.8% and 51.7% higher than that of wild type (WT) in PW condition. Moreover, to verify why overexpression of MCM can promote DHA and lipid accumulation, the comparative metabolomics, ATP production level, the antioxidant system, and the transcription of key genes were investigated. Results showed that ATP induced by PW condition could drive the synthesis of DHA, and remarkably improve the antioxidant capacity of cells by enhancing the carotenoids production. Therefore, PW can be used as an effective and economical substrate and water source for Schizochytrium sp. to accumulate biomass and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Wei Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Gu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
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3
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Kolackova M, Janova A, Dobesova M, Zvalova M, Chaloupsky P, Krystofova O, Adam V, Huska D. Role of secondary metabolites in distressed microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115392. [PMID: 36746204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proficient photosynthetic microalgae/cyanobacteria produce a remarkable amount of various biomolecules. Secondary metabolites (SM) represent high value products for global biotrend application. Production improvement can be achieved by nutritional, environmental, and physiological stress as a first line tools for their stimulation. In recent decade, an increasing interest in algal stress biology and omics techniques have deepened knowledge in this area. However, deep understanding and connection of specific stress elucidator are missing. Hence, the present review summarizes recent evidence with an emphasis on the carotenoids, phenolic, and less-discussed compounds (glycerol, proline, mycosporins-like amino acids). Even when they are synthesized at very low concentrations, it highlights the need to expand knowledge in this area using genome-editing tools and omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Janova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Dobesova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zvalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Krystofova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Koopmann IK, Müller BA, Labes A. Screening of a Thraustochytrid Strain Collection for Carotenoid and Squalene Production Characterized by Cluster Analysis, Comparison of 18S rRNA Gene Sequences, Growth Behavior, and Morphology. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:204. [PMID: 37103341 PMCID: PMC10140983 DOI: 10.3390/md21040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and squalene are important terpenes that are applied in a wide range of products in foods and cosmetics. Thraustochytrids might be used as alternative production organisms to improve production processes, but the taxon is rarely studied. A screening of 62 strains of thraustochytrids sensu lato for their potential to produce carotenoids and squalene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was built based on 18S rRNA gene sequences for taxonomic classification, revealing eight different clades of thraustochytrids. Design of experiments (DoE) and growth models identified high amounts of glucose (up to 60 g/L) and yeast extract (up to 15 g/L) as important factors for most of the strains. Squalene and carotenoid production was studied by UHPLC-PDA-MS measurements. Cluster analysis of the carotenoid composition partially mirrored the phylogenetic results, indicating a possible use for chemotaxonomy. Strains in five clades produced carotenoids. Squalene was found in all analyzed strains. Carotenoid and squalene synthesis was dependent on the strain, medium composition and solidity. Strains related to Thraustochytrium aureum and Thraustochytriidae sp. are promising candidates for carotenoid synthesis. Strains closely related to Schizochytrium aggregatum might be suitable for squalene production. Thraustochytrium striatum might be a good compromise for the production of both molecule groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K Koopmann
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Bettina A Müller
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Antje Labes
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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5
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Koopmann IK, Kramer A, Labes A. Development and validation of reliable astaxanthin quantification from natural sources. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278504. [PMID: 36459522 PMCID: PMC9718415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin derived from natural sources occurs in the form of various esters and stereomers, which complicates its quantitative and qualitative analysis. To simplify and standardize astaxanthin measurement with high precision, an enzymolysis-based astaxanthin quantification method was developed to hydrolyze astaxanthin esters and determine free astaxanthin in all its diastereomeric forms. Astaxanthin standards and differently processed Haematococcus pluvialis biomass were investigated. Linear correlation of standards of all-E-astaxanthin was observed in a measurement range between extract concentrations of 1.0 μg/mL and 11.2 μg/mL with a coefficient of variation below 5%. The diastereomers 9Z-, and 13Z-astaxanthin, and two di-Z-forms were detected. In contrast to the measurement of standards, the observed measurement range was extended to 30 μg/mL in extracts from H. pluvialis. The nature of the sample had to be taken into account for measurement, as cell, respectively, sample composition altered the optimal concentration for astaxanthin determination. The measurement precision of all-E-astaxanthin quantification in dried H. pluvialis biomass (1.2-1.8 mg dried biomass per sample) was calculated with a coefficient of variation of maximum 1.1%, whereas it was below 10% regarding the diastereomers. Complete enzymolysis was performed with 1.0 to 2.0 units of cholesterol esterase in the presence of various solvents with up to 2.0 mg biomass (dry weight). The method was compared with other astaxanthin determination approaches in which astaxanthin is converted to acetone in a further step before measurement. The developed method resulted in a higher total astaxanthin recovery but lower selectivity of the diastereomers. The reliability of photometric astaxanthin estimations was assessed by comparing them with the developed chromatographic method. At later stages in the cell cycle of H. pluvialis, all methods yielded similar results (down to 0.1% deviation), but photometry lost precision at earlier stages (up to 31.5% deviation). To optimize sample storage, the shelf life of astaxanthin-containing samples was investigated. Temperatures below -20°C, excluding oxygen, and storing intact H. pluvialis cells instead of dried or disrupted biomass reduced astaxanthin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K. Koopmann
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Annemarie Kramer
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Antje Labes
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- * E-mail:
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6
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Plant Antioxidants in Dry Fermented Meat Products with a Healthier Lipid Profile. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223558. [PMID: 36429150 PMCID: PMC9689944 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers' perception of meat products has changed in recent years, which has led to an increased interest in healthier meat products. In response to this demand, academia and industry have made efforts to reformulate meat products, especially dry fermented meat products, which are known for their high fat contents, mainly saturated fat. The use of plant or marine oils stabilized in emulsion gels (EGs) or oil-bulking agents (OBAs) as animal fat replacers has been one of the most advantageous strategies to reformulate dry fermented meat products with a healthier lipid content (quality and quantity), but an increase in their polyunsaturated fatty acid content can trigger a significant increase in lipid oxidation, negatively affecting sensory and nutritional quality. The use of antioxidants is the main strategy to delay this deteriorative reaction, but the controversy around the safety and toxicity of synthetic antioxidants has driven consumers and industry toward the use of plant antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and some vitamins and minerals. This review provides information about the use of plant antioxidants to control lipid oxidation of dry fermented meat products with healthier lipids.
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7
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Metwally RA, El-Sersy NA, El Sikaily A, Sabry SA, Ghozlan HA. Optimization and multiple in vitro activity potentials of carotenoids from marine Kocuria sp. RAM1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18203. [PMID: 36307503 PMCID: PMC9616409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine pigmented bacteria are a promising natural source of carotenoids. Kocuria sp. RAM1 was isolated from the Red Sea Bohadschia graeffei collected from Marsa Alam, Egypt, and used for carotenoids production. The extracted carotenoids were purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The characteristic UV absorbance of the three purified fractions gave us an inkling of what the purified pigments were. The chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The three different red pigments were identified as two C50-carotenoids, namely bisanhydrobacterioruberin and trisanhydrobacterioruberin, in addition to 3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin (C42-carotenoids). Kocuria sp. RAM1 carotenoids were investigated for multiple activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HSV-1, anticancer, antidiabetic and wound healing. These new observations suggest that Kocuria sp. RAM1 carotenoids can be used as a distinctive natural pigment with potent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A. Metwally
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A. El-Sersy
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany El Sikaily
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Pollution Lab., National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soraya A. Sabry
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Ghozlan
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Clodoveo ML, Muraglia M, Crupi P, Hbaieb RH, De Santis S, Desantis A, Corbo F. The Tower of Babel of Pharma-Food Study on Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131915. [PMID: 35804731 PMCID: PMC9265897 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Much research has been conducted to reveal the functional properties of extra virgin olive oil polyphenols on human health once EVOO is consumed regularly as part of a balanced diet, as in the Mediterranean lifestyle. Despite the huge variety of research conducted, only one effect of EVOO polyphenols has been formally approved by EFSA as a health claim. This is probably because EFSA’s scientific opinion is entrusted to scientific expertise about food and medical sciences, which adopt very different investigative methods and experimental languages, generating a gap in the scientific communication that is essential for the enhancement of the potentially useful effects of EVOO polyphenols on health. Through the model of the Tower of Babel, we propose a challenge for science communication, capable of disrupting the barriers between different scientific areas and building bridges through transparent data analysis from the different investigative methodologies at each stage of health benefits assessment. The goal of this work is the strategic, distinctive, and cost-effective integration of interdisciplinary experiences and technologies into a highly harmonious workflow, organized to build a factual understanding that translates, because of trade, into health benefits for buyers, promoting EVOOs as having certified health benefits, not just as condiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Rim Hachicha Hbaieb
- Biocatalysis and Industrial Enzymes Group, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Carthage University, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia;
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Addolorata Desantis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DISPA), University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.D.S.); (F.C.)
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9
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Wang S, Qi X. The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916653. [PMID: 35814201 PMCID: PMC9263351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a protective mechanism against insults from exogenous pathogens and endogenous cellular debris and is essential for reestablishing homeostasis in the brain. However, excessive prolonged neuroinflammation inevitably leads to lesions and disease. The use of natural compounds targeting pathways involved in neuroinflammation remains a promising strategy for treating different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin, a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, is a well known antioxidant. Mounting evidence has revealed that astaxanthin is neuroprotective and has therapeutic potential by inhibiting neuroinflammation, however, its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in modulating neuroinflammation have not been systematically summarized. Hence, this review summarizes recent progress in this field and provides an update on the medical value of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin modulates neuroinflammation by alleviating oxidative stress, reducing the production of neuroinflammatory factors, inhibiting peripheral inflammation and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mechanistically, astaxanthin scavenges radicals, triggers the Nrf2-induced activation of the antioxidant system, and suppresses the activation of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. With its good biosafety and high bioavailability, astaxanthin has strong potential for modulating neuroinflammation, although some outstanding issues still require further investigation.
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Lau TY, Kwan HY. Fucoxanthin Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060370. [PMID: 35736173 PMCID: PMC9229252 DOI: 10.3390/md20060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance. This review aims to give an updated summary of the anti-cancer effects of Fx and summarize the underlying mechanisms of action, which will provide novel strategies for the development of Fx as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
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11
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Koopmann IK, Möller S, Elle C, Hindersin S, Kramer A, Labes A. Optimization of Astaxanthin Recovery in the Downstream Process of Haematococcus pluvialis. Foods 2022; 11:1352. [PMID: 35564075 PMCID: PMC9105871 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis is a valuable metabolite applied in a wide range of products. Its extraction depends on a sophisticated series of downstream process steps, including harvesting, disruption, drying, and extraction, of which some are dependent on each other. To determine the processes that yield maximum astaxanthin recovery, bead milling, high-pressure homogenization, and no disruption of H. pluvialis biomass were coupled with spray-drying, vacuum-drying, and freeze-drying in all possible combinations. Eventually, astaxanthin was extracted using supercritical CO2. Optimal conditions for spray-drying were evaluated through the design of experiments and standard least squares regression (feed rate: 5.8 mL/min, spray gas flow: 400 NL/h, inlet temperature: 180 °C). Maximal astaxanthin recoveries were yielded using high-pressure homogenization and lyophilization (85.4%). All combinations of milling or high-pressure homogenization and lyophilization or spray-drying resulted in similar recoveries. Bead milling and spray-drying repeated with a larger spray-dryer resulted in similar astaxanthin recoveries compared with the laboratory scale. Smaller astaxanthin recoveries after the extraction of vacuum-dried biomass were mainly attributed to textural changes. Evaluation of these results in an economic context led to a recommendation for bead milling and spray-drying prior to supercritical CO2 extraction to achieve the maximum astaxanthin recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K. Koopmann
- ZAiT, Bio and Food Technology, Faculty Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany; (I.K.K.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
- Sea & Sun Technology GmbH, 24610 Trappenkamp, Germany; (C.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Simone Möller
- ZAiT, Bio and Food Technology, Faculty Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany; (I.K.K.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
- Sea & Sun Technology GmbH, 24610 Trappenkamp, Germany; (C.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Clemens Elle
- Sea & Sun Technology GmbH, 24610 Trappenkamp, Germany; (C.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Hindersin
- Sea & Sun Technology GmbH, 24610 Trappenkamp, Germany; (C.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Annemarie Kramer
- ZAiT, Bio and Food Technology, Faculty Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany; (I.K.K.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Antje Labes
- ZAiT, Bio and Food Technology, Faculty Energy and Biotechnology, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany; (I.K.K.); (S.M.); (A.K.)
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12
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Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Kucharska E, Majsterek I. Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Neurodegenerative Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040827. [PMID: 35215476 PMCID: PMC8874683 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin belong to the xanthophyll family of carotenoids, which are pigments produced by plants. Structurally, they are very similar, differing only slightly in the arrangement of atoms. Key sources of these carotenoids include kale, savoy cabbage, spinach, broccoli, peas, parsley, corn, and egg yolks. The recommended daily intake of lutein is approximately 10.0 mg and that of zeaxanthin is 2 mg. Lutein intake in adults varies, with average intakes being 1–2 mg/day. Due to the lack of synthesis of consumption of these compounds in humans, these substances are extremely important for the proper functioning of certain organs of the body (eye, skin, heart, intestines). Eating a lot of dark leafy vegetables and some fruits can help to prevent our bodies from developing diseases. The protective effects of carotenoids are mainly related to their defense against oxidative stress and their ability to scavenge free radicals. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only dietary carotenoids that accumulate in the retina, specifically the macula, and are called macular pigments. These carotenoids are concentrated by the action of specific binding proteins such as StARD3, which binds lutein, and GSTP1, which binds zeaxanthin and its dietary metabolite, mesozeaxanthin. It has been shown that supportive therapy with lutein and zeaxanthin can have a beneficial effect in delaying the progression of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. This article presents the current state of knowledge on the role of lutein and zeaxanthin, especially from human studies targeting their metabolism and bioavailability, with recommendations to consume xanthophyll-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mrowicka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jerzy Mrowicki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Department of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work, Jesuit University Ignatianum, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.M.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Pietrasik S, Cichon N, Bijak M, Gorniak L, Saluk-Bijak J. Carotenoids from Marine Sources as a New Approach in Neuroplasticity Enhancement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041990. [PMID: 35216103 PMCID: PMC8877331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of people experience disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, new forms of therapy, which may be helpful in repairing processes' enhancement and restoring declined brain functions, are constantly being sought. One of the most relevant physiological processes occurring in the brain for its entire life is neuroplasticity. It has tremendous significance concerning CNS disorders since neurological recovery mainly depends on restoring its structural and functional organization. The main factors contributing to nerve tissue damage are oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, marine carotenoids, abundantly occurring in the aquatic environment, being potent antioxidant compounds, may play a pivotal role in nerve cell protection. Furthermore, recent results revealed another valuable characteristic of these compounds in CNS therapy. By inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, carotenoids promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, consequently presenting neuroprotective activity. Therefore, this paper focuses on the carotenoids obtained from marine sources and their impact on neuroplasticity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pietrasik
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (J.S.-B.)
| | - Natalia Cichon
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Leslaw Gorniak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (J.S.-B.)
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Association between Phytochemical Index and Inflammation in Korean Adults. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020348. [PMID: 35204229 PMCID: PMC8868203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the relationship between phytochemicals and inflammation has been confirmed by in vivo or in vitro studies, large-scale epidemiological studies comprehensively analyzing phytochemical-rich food groups remain scarce. Therefore, we evaluated the association between the phytochemical index (PI) and the inflammation levels in Korean adults. The data were derived from the 2015–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and a total of 18,699 participants were analyzed. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels >3.0 mg/L and white blood cell (WBC) counts >10 × 103/μL were defined as “elevated.” The PI was calculated based on eight food groups using a 24-h dietary recall. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for elevated hs-CRP levels and WBC counts, according to the PI quintile, were calculated using the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Participants in the higher PI group had lower means of hs-CRP levels and WBC counts than those in the lower PI group (all p for trend <0.001). In fully adjusted logistic regression models, elevated hs-CRP levels and WBC counts in the highest PI group were lower by 40% (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.49–0.76) and 34% (OR: 0.66, CI: 0.47–0.93), respectively. Conclusions: A high consumption of phytochemical-rich foods is associated with lower inflammation. This suggests that adopting phytochemical-rich dietary patterns may be an effective approach for reducing inflammation.
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Schmiedeskamp A, Schreiner M, Baldermann S. Impact of Cultivar Selection and Thermal Processing by Air Drying, Air Frying, and Deep Frying on the Carotenoid Content and Stability and Antioxidant Capacity in Carrots ( Daucus carota L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1629-1639. [PMID: 35090124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that consuming diets rich in carotenoids can reduce the risk of developing several non-communicable diseases. Thus, we investigated the extent to which carotenoid contents of foods can be increased by the choice of food matrices with naturally high carotenoid contents and thermal processing methods that maintain their stability. For this purpose, carotenoids of 15 carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars of different colors were assessed with UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS. Additionally, the processing effects of air drying, air frying, and deep frying on carotenoid stability were applied. Cultivar selection accounted for up to 12.9-fold differences in total carotenoid content in differently colored carrots and a 2.2-fold difference between orange carrot cultivars. Air frying for 18 and 25 min and deep frying for 10 min led to a significant decrease in total carotenoid contents. TEAC assay of lipophilic extracts showed a correlation between carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity in untreated carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Schmiedeskamp
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- NutriAct─Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Food Metabolome, Fritz-Hornschuch-Straße 13, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
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Ahmad A, Banat F, Alsafar H, Hasan SW. Algae biotechnology for industrial wastewater treatment, bioenergy production, and high-value bioproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150585. [PMID: 34597562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A growing world population is causing hazardous compounds to form at an increasingly rapid rate, calling for ecological action. Wastewater management and treatment is an expensive process that requires appropriate integration technology to make it more feasible and cost-effective. Algae are of great interest as potential feedstocks for various applications, including environmental sustainability, biofuel production, and the manufacture of high-value bioproducts. Bioremediation with microalgae is a potential approach to reduce wastewater pollution. The need for effective nutrient recovery, greenhouse gas reduction, wastewater treatment, and biomass reuse has led to a wide interest in the use of microalgae for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, algae biomass can be used to produce bioenergy and high-value bioproducts. The use of microalgae as medicine (production of bioactive and medicinal compounds), biofuels, biofertilizers, and food additives has been explored by researchers around the world. Technological and economic barriers currently prevent the commercial use of algae, and optimal downstream processes are needed to reduce production costs. Therefore, the simultaneous use of microalgae for wastewater treatment and biofuel production could be an economical approach to address these issues. This article provides an overview of algae and their application in bioremediation, bioenergy production, and bioactive compound production. It also highlights the current problems and opportunities in the algae-based sector, which has recently become quite promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Zhu K, Jia H, Jiang W, Sun Y, Zhang C, Liu Z, Wang T, Guo X, Zhu L. The First Observation of the Formation of Persistent Aminoxyl Radicals and Reactive Nitrogen Species on Photoirradiated Nitrogen-Containing Microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:779-789. [PMID: 34964354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing microplastics (N-MPs) are widely present in the atmosphere, but their potential health risks have been overlooked. In this study, the formation of persistent aminoxyl radicals (PAORs) and reactive nitrogen species (RNSs) on the N-MPs under light irradiation was investigated. After photoaging, an anisotropic triplet with the g-factor of ∼2.0044, corresponding to PAORs, was detected on the nonaromatic polyamide (PA) rather than amino resin (AmR) by electron paramagnetic resonance and confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The generated amine oxide portions on the photoaged PA were identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which were considered to be the main structural basis/precursors of a PAOR. Surprisingly, RNSs were also observed on the irradiated PA. The generated ·NO due to the aphotolysis of nitrone groups simultaneously reacted with peroxide radicals and O2·- to yield ·NO2 and peroxynitrite, respectively, which were responsible for peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN) and CO3·- formation. Besides, a significantly higher oxidative potential and reductive potential were observed for the aged PA than AmR, which is assigned to the abundant RNSs, organic hydroperoxides and PANs, and a strong ability to transfer electrons from PAOR, respectively. This work provides important information for the potential risks of airborne N-MPs and may serve as a guide for future toxicological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yajiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Semitsoglou-Tsiapou S, Meador TB, Peng B, Aluwihare L. Photochemical (UV-vis/H 2O 2) degradation of carotenoids: Kinetics and molecular end products. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131697. [PMID: 34392195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constraining the formation mechanisms of organic matter that persists in aquatic reservoirs is important for determining the reactivity and fate of carbon and nutrients in these environments. Recent studies have linked dissolved organic matter (DOM) accumulating in the ocean to linear terpenoid structures, and carotenoid degradation products have been proposed as potential precursors. The prevalence of reactive oxygen species in aquatic environments and their potential to be quenched by carotenoids led us to examine radical-assisted photochemical degradation of carotenoids as a potential mechanism for DOM formation and transformation. Experiments were conducted with aggregates of β-carotene, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin in THF:H2O under solar light irradiation assisted by hydrogen peroxide (UV-Vis/H2O2). Based on the fine structure of UV-Vis spectra, it was determined that β-carotene and meso-zeaxanthin formed J-type aggregates in experimental solutions, while astaxanthin and fucoxanthin formed H2-type aggregates, consistent with their structural characteristics. All carotenoids degraded under the combined influence of photolysis and OH scavenging, with fucoxanthin exhibiting the fastest degradation kinetics (kPO = 3.69 10-3 s-1) and meso-zeaxanthin the slowest (kPO = 4.37 10-4 s-1). The major degradation products detected by electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were apo-aldehydes and apo-ketones, with the latter tending to accumulate, but epoxidation of the carotenoids also took place, and longer irradiation times resulted in lower molecular weight products. Reaction kinetics and accumulating carotenoid oxidation products identified in this study provide potential formation mechanisms and biomarkers for examining DOM cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Semitsoglou-Tsiapou
- Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Travis B Meador
- Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Peng
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA, 92037, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lihini Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA, 92037, San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Yaqoob Z, Arshad MS, Imran M, Munir H, Qaisrani TB, Khalid W, Asghar Z, Suleria HAR. Mechanistic role of astaxanthin derived from shrimp against certain metabolic disorders. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:12-20. [PMID: 35035906 PMCID: PMC8751436 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between production of oxidants and antioxidants in the body leads to the development of different ailments. The bioactive compounds derived from marine sources are considered to be safe and appropriate to use. Astaxanthin possesses antioxidant activity about 100-500 times higher than other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol and β-carotene. It has numerous health benefits and vital pharmacological properties for the treatment of diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, neurological disorders, and potential role in liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase which has significance in medicine as a diagnostic marker. The primary source of astaxanthin among crustaceans is shrimps and the presence of astaxanthin protects shrimps from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Conclusively, astaxanthin derived from shrimps is very effective against oxidative stress which can lead to certain ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubda Yaqoob
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Haroon Munir
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Tahira Batool Qaisrani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyGhazi UniversityDera Ghazi KhanPakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zubia Asghar
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- School of Agriculture and FoodFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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20
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Assunção J, Amaro HM, Lopes G, Tavares T, Malcata FX, Guedes AC. Karlodinium veneficum: Growth optimization, metabolite characterization and biotechnological potential survey. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2844-2858. [PMID: 34865282 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THIS STUDY The major aim of this work was to consistently optimize the production of biomass of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum and evaluate its extracts biotechnological potential application towards food, nutraceutical or/and pharmaceutical industries. METHODS AND RESULTS A successful approach of biomass production of K. veneficum CCMP 2936 was optimized along with the chemical characterization of its metabolite profile. Several temperatures (12, 16, 20, 25, 30°C), L1 nutrient concentrations (0.5×, 2×, 2.5×, 3×) and NaCl concentrations (20, 25, 30, 40 g L-1 ) were tested. The growth rate was maximum at 16°C, 2× nutrient concentration and 40 g L-1 of NaCl; hence, these conditions were chosen for bulk production of biomass. Methanolic extracts were prepared, and pigments, lipids and phenolic compounds were assessed; complemented by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, and cytotoxicity. Fucoxanthin and derivatives accounted for 0.06% of dry weight, and up to 60% (w/w) of all quantified metabolites were lipids. Said extracts displayed high antioxidant capacity, as towards assessed via the NO•- and ABTS•+ assays (IC50 = 109.09 ± 6.73 and 266.46 ± 2.25 µgE ml-1 , respectively), unlike observed via the O2 •- assay (IC25 reaching 56.06 ± 5.56 µgE ml-1 ). No signs of cytotoxicity were observed. CONCLUSIONS Karlodinium veneficum biomass production was consistently optimized in terms of temperature, L1 nutrient concentrations and NaCl concentration. In addition, this strain appears promising for eventual biotechnological exploitation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work provides fundamental insights about the growth and potential of value-added compounds of dinoflagellate K. veneficum. Dinoflagellates, as K. veneficum are poorly studied regarding its biomass production and added-value compounds for potential biotechnological exploitation. These organisms are difficult to maintain and grow in the laboratory. Thus, any fundamental contribution is relevant to share with the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Assunção
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edíficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena M Amaro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edíficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Graciliana Lopes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edíficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Tavares
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Xavier Malcata
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP - Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Catarina Guedes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edíficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Zhang J, Li Q, Lu Y, Guan X, Liu J, Xu N, Cai C, Li X, Nan B, Liu J, Wang Y. Astaxanthin overproduction of Phaffia rhodozyma PR106 under titanium dioxide stress by transcriptomics and metabolic regulation analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125957. [PMID: 34555753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, astaxanthin yield of Phaffia rhodozyma PR106 increased significantly under titanium dioxide (TiO2) stress, and the yield of lycopene and β-carotene also increased significantly, as well as the yield of violaxanthin and lutein significantly decreased; in addition, TiO2 stress promoted cell division and changed cell morphology of PR106. Then, the mechanism of increasing astaxanthin yield was studied by transcriptomics and related metabolic regulation. The results showed that astaxanthin accumulation in PR106 was not directly related to mRNA transcription and post-translational modifications regulation under TiO2 stress; TiO2 stress accelerated glucose uptake of yeast, promoted reuse of ethanol, and increased the formation of acetyl-CoA and ATP. The more carbon flux was shifted to astaxanthin synthesis pathway and weakened carotenoids accumulation in astaxanthin branch pathway to improve the astaxanthin production of PR106. The metabolism regulation of ROS could continue in the PR106 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingru Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyu Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China.
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Bhalothia SK, Mehta JS, Kumar T, Prakash C, Talluri TR, Pal RS, Kumar A. Melatonin and canthaxanthin enhances sperm viability and protect ram spermatozoa from oxidative stress during liquid storage at 4°C. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14304. [PMID: 34773278 DOI: 10.1111/and.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are used to minimize oxidative stress during liquid semen storage. The main aim of current study was to elucidate effect of supplementing melatonin and canthaxanthin in Tris-based extender could enhance seminal quality of ram at 4°C up to 72 h. A total of 48 ejaculates were collected from breeding Magra rams (n = 8) and were preliminarily subjected for various macroscopic and microscopic semen evaluation tests. These ejaculates were pooled and divided into three equal aliquots. Two aliquots were diluted (1:10) using extender encompassing final concentration of 1mM melatonin and 25 µM canthaxanthin and stored at 4°C. Third aliquot with extender only was kept as control. Structural and functional seminal changes were observed at different time points of preservation. Results revealed that mean values for progressive sperm motility, viability and total antioxidant capacity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in melatonin group while hypo-osmotic swelling test was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in canthaxanthin group. Total sperm abnormalities and malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in both treatment groups indicating their antioxidant efficacy in protection of spermatozoa from oxidative stress. Results of study indicated that supplementation of these antioxidants to ram semen could be used to enhance storage life of liquid semen at 4°C up to 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra Kumar Bhalothia
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Science (RAJUVAS), Bikaner, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Mehta
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Science (RAJUVAS), Bikaner, India
| | - Tapendra Kumar
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Science (RAJUVAS), Bikaner, India
| | - Chandan Prakash
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Bikaner, India
| | - Thirumala Rao Talluri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Equine, Bikaner, India
| | - Rahul Singh Pal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Science (RAJUVAS), Bikaner, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Bikaner, India
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Miguel SP, Ribeiro MP, Otero A, Coutinho P. Application of microalgae and microalgal bioactive compounds in skin regeneration. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Wu J, Gu X, Yang D, Xu S, Wang S, Chen X, Wang Z. Bioactive substances and potentiality of marine microalgae. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5279-5292. [PMID: 34532034 PMCID: PMC8441504 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae is one of the most important components in the aquatic ecosystem, and they are increasingly used in food and medicine production for human consumption due to their rapid growth cycle and survival ability in the harsh environment. Now, the exploration of microalgae has been gradually deepening, mainly focused on the field of nutrition, medicine, and cosmetics. A great deal of studies has shown that microalgae have a variety of functions in regulating the body health and preventing disease, such as nitrogen fixation, antitumor, antivirus, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic. Furthermore, microalgae can synthesize various high-valued bioactive substances, such as proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and pigments. In this paper, we have briefly reviewed the research progress of main bioactive components in microalgae, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments, and other nutrients included, as well as their present application situation. This paper can provide the guidance for research and development of industrial production of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhouChina
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinzhe Gu
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Danlu Yang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shannan Xu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhouChina
- Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary EcosystemGuangzhouChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering
Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhengwu Wang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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25
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El Bakary NM, Thabet NM, El Fatih NM, Abdel-Rafei MK, El Tawill G, Azab KS. Fucoxanthin alters the apelin-13/APJ pathway in certain organs of γ-irradiated mice. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:600-617. [PMID: 33929015 PMCID: PMC8273792 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Apelin-13 and APJ are implicated in different key physiological processes. This work aims at exploring the radioprotective effect of fucoxanthin (FX) on γ-radiation (RAD)-induced changes in the apelin-13/APJ pathway, which causes damage in the liver, kidney, lung and spleen of mice. Mice were administered FX (10 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p) and exposed to γ-radiation (2.5 Gy week-1) for four consecutive weeks. The treatment of irradiated mice by FX resulted in a significant amendment in protein expression of the apelin-13/APJ/NF-κB signalling pathway concurrently with reduced hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α), suppressed oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde), enhanced antioxidant defence mechanisms (reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase), a modulated inflammatory response [interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-10 and α-7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) and ameliorated angiogenic regulators [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1), as well as the tissue damage indicator (lactate dehydrogenase) in organ tissues. In addition, there were significant improvement in serum inflammatory markers tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-10, IL-1β and C-reactive protein compared with irradiated mice. The histopathological investigation of the FX + RAD organ tissues support the biochemical findings where the improvements in the tissues' architecture were obvious when compared with those of RAD. FX was thus shown to have a noticeable radioprotective action mediated through its regulatory effect on the apelin-13/APJ/NF-κB signalling pathway attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that was reflected in different physiological processes. It could be recommended to use FX in cases of radiation exposure to protect normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M El Bakary
- Corresponding authors. Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt; , or
| | - Noura Magdy Thabet
- Corresponding authors. Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt; , or
| | - Neama M El Fatih
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El Tawill
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Shaaban Azab
- Corresponding authors. Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt; , or
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26
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Astaxanthin Relieves Busulfan-Induced Oxidative Apoptosis in Cultured Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells by Activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:374-394. [PMID: 34129218 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many child cancer patients endure anticancer therapy containing alkylating agents before sexual maturity. Busulfan (BU), as an alkylating agent, is a chemotherapy drug, causing DNA damage and cytotoxicity in germ cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin (AST), as a potent antioxidant and powerful reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, on BU-induced toxicity in human spermatogonial stem cells. For this purpose, testes were obtained from four brain-dead donors. After tissue enzymatic digestions, testicular cells were cultured for 3 weeks for spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) isolation and purification. K562 cell line was cultured to survey the effect of AST on cancer treatment. The cultured SSCs and K562 cell line were finally treated with AST (10μM), BU (0.1nM), and AST+BU. The expression of NRF-2, HO-1, SOD2, SOD3, TP53, and apoptotic genes, including CASP9, CASP3, BCL2, and BAX, were assayed using real-time PCR. Moreover, ROS level in different groups and malondialdehyde level and total antioxidant capacity in cell contraction of SSCs were measured using ELISA. Data showed that AST significantly upregulated the expression of NRF-2 gene (P<0.001) and protein (P<0.005) and also significantly decreased the production of BU-induced ROS (P<0.001). AST activated the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway that could remarkably restrain BU-induced apoptosis in SSCs. Interestingly, AST upregulated the expression level of apoptosis genes in the K562 cell line. The results of this study indicated that AST reduces the side effects of BU on SSCs without interference with its chemotherapy effect on cancerous cells through modulation of the NRF-2/HO-1 and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways.
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27
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Yang M, Xuan Z, Wang Q, Yan S, Zhou D, Naman CB, Zhang J, He S, Yan X, Cui W. Fucoxanthin has potential for therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative disorders by acting on multiple targets. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2167-2180. [PMID: 33993853 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1926140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, one of the most abundant carotenoids from edible brown seaweeds, for years has been used as a bioactive dietary supplement and functional food ingredient. Recently, fucoxanthin was reported to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and was superior to other carotenoids to exert anti-neurodegenerative disorder effects via acting on multiple targets, including amyloid protein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, neurotransmission dysregulation and gut microbiota disorder. However, the concentration of fucoxanthin required for in vivo neuroprotective effects is somewhat high, and the poor bioavailability of this molecule might prevent its clinical use. As such, new strategies have been introduced to overcome these obstacles, and may help to develop fucoxanthin as a novel lead for neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, it has been shown that some metabolites of fucoxanthin may produce potent in vivo neuroprotective effects. Altogether, these studies suggest the possibility for future development of fucoxanthin as a one-compound-multiple-target or pro-drug type pharmaceutical or nutraceutical treatment for neurodegenerative disorders.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03625284.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02875392.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03613740.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04761406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Yang
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenquan Xuan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Yan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Seafood Processing, Innovative and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhao Y, Li SL, Chen HY, Zou Y, Zheng QW, Guo LQ, Wu GH, Lu J, Lin JF, Ye ZW. Enhancement of carotenoid production and its regulation in edible mushroom Cordyceps militaris by abiotic stresses. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109808. [PMID: 34116757 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris carotenoids are widely used as food additives, animal feed supplements, and so on. However, the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids in C. militaris is still obscure. In this paper, changes of mycelial morphology and carotenoid accumulation of C. militaris were investigated under oxidative (KMnO4) and osmotic stress (NaCl). Subsequently, qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of genes related to carotenogenesis to explore the mechanism of adaptation to abiotic stress. When the concentrations of KMnO4 and NaCl were respectively 0.4 g/L and 2 g/L, carotenoid accumulation reached a maximum of 6616.82 ± 666.43 μg/g and 6416.77 ± 537.02 μg/g. Under the oxidative stress condition of KMnO4, the expressions of psy and hsp70 increased significantly compared with control. Besides, the genes fus3 and hog1 were significantly enriched in the MAPK signal pathway. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in expression of psy in the NaCl group. Moreover, the accumulation of triacylglycerols may contribute significantly to the increase in carotenoid accumulation. The increased accumulation of antioxidant carotenoids induced under environmental stress is to resist oxidative conditions. Fus3 and Hog1 signaling in the MAPK pathway was activated and subsequently take effects on the resistance of oxidative condition by regulating related metabolic processes. C. militaris resist the stress of high oxygen by producing a large amount of glycerol and carotenoids when this fungus is cultured in a saline environment for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shu-Li Li
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai-Ying Chen
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guang-Hong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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29
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Widomska J, Gruszecki WI, Subczynski WK. Factors Differentiating the Antioxidant Activity of Macular Xanthophylls in the Human Eye Retina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:601. [PMID: 33919673 PMCID: PMC8070478 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macular xanthophylls, which are absorbed from the human diet, accumulate in high concentrations in the human retina, where they efficiently protect against oxidative stress that may lead to retinal damage. In addition, macular xanthophylls are uniquely spatially distributed in the retina. The zeaxanthin concentration (including the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin) is ~9-fold greater than lutein concentration in the central fovea. These numbers do not correlate at all with the dietary intake of xanthophylls, for which there is a dietary zeaxanthin-to-lutein molar ratio of 1:12 to 1:5. The unique spatial distributions of macular xanthophylls-lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin-in the retina, which developed during evolution, maximize the protection of the retina provided by these xanthophylls. We will correlate the differences in the spatial distributions of macular xanthophylls with their different antioxidant activities in the retina. Can the major protective function of macular xanthophylls in the retina, namely antioxidant actions, explain their evolutionarily determined, unique spatial distributions? In this review, we will address this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I. Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Witold K. Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
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30
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Wan X, Zhou XR, Moncalian G, Su L, Chen WC, Zhu HZ, Chen D, Gong YM, Huang FH, Deng QC. Reprogramming microorganisms for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin via metabolic engineering. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101083. [PMID: 33373616 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for astaxanthin in food, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications because of its superior anti-oxidative and coloring properties. However, naturally produced astaxanthin is expensive, mainly due to low productivity and limited sources. Reprogramming of microorganisms for astaxanthin production via metabolic engineering is a promising strategy. We primarily focus on the application of synthetic biology, enzyme engineering and metabolic engineering in enhancing the synthesis and accumulation of astaxanthin in microorganisms in this review. We also discuss the biosynthetic pathways of astaxanthin within natural producers, and summarize the achievements and challenges in reprogramming microorganisms for enhancing astaxanthin production. This review illuminates recent biotechnological advances in microbial production of astaxanthin. Future perspectives on utilization of new technologies for boosting microbial astaxanthin production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | | | - Gabriel Moncalian
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Hang-Zhi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yang-Min Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Feng-Hong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Qian-Chun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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31
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Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.
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32
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Sun Y, Lu Y, Saredy J, Wang X, Drummer Iv C, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Xu K, Liu M, Yang WY, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. ROS systems are a new integrated network for sensing homeostasis and alarming stresses in organelle metabolic processes. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101696. [PMID: 32950427 PMCID: PMC7767745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the progression of cardiovascular diseases, inflammations and tumors. However, the mechanisms of how ROS sense metabolic stress, regulate metabolic pathways and initiate proliferation, inflammation and cell death responses remain poorly characterized. In this analytic review, we concluded that: 1) Based on different features and functions, eleven types of ROS can be classified into seven functional groups: metabolic stress-sensing, chemical connecting, organelle communication, stress branch-out, inflammasome-activating, dual functions and triple functions ROS. 2) Among the ROS generation systems, mitochondria consume the most amount of oxygen; and nine types of ROS are generated; thus, mitochondrial ROS systems serve as the central hub for connecting ROS with inflammasome activation, trained immunity and immunometabolic pathways. 3) Increased nuclear ROS production significantly promotes cell death in comparison to that in other organelles. Nuclear ROS systems serve as a convergent hub and decision-makers to connect unbearable and alarming metabolic stresses to inflammation and cell death. 4) Balanced ROS levels indicate physiological homeostasis of various metabolic processes in subcellular organelles and cytosol, while imbalanced ROS levels present alarms for pathological organelle stresses in metabolic processes. Based on these analyses, we propose a working model that ROS systems are a new integrated network for sensing homeostasis and alarming stress in metabolic processes in various subcellular organelles. Our model provides novel insights on the roles of the ROS systems in bridging metabolic stress to inflammation, cell death and tumorigenesis; and provide novel therapeutic targets for treating those diseases. (Word count: 246).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer Iv
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research and Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Structures of Astaxanthin and Their Consequences for Therapeutic Application. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2020:2156582. [PMID: 32775406 PMCID: PMC7391096 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2156582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated as a by-product of normal aerobic metabolism. Elevated ROS formation leads to potential damage of biological structures and is implicated in various diseases. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a secondary metabolite responsible for the red-orange color of a number of marine animals and microorganisms. There is mounting evidence that astaxanthin has powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Hence, its consumption can result in various health benefits, with potential for therapeutic application. Astaxanthin contains both a hydroxyl and a keto group, and this unique structure plays important roles in neutralizing ROS. The molecule quenches harmful singlet oxygen, scavenges peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and converts them into more stable compounds, prevents the formation of free radicals, and inhibits the autoxidation chain reaction. It also acts as a metal chelator and converts metal prooxidants into harmless molecules. However, like many other carotenoids, astaxanthin is affected by the environmental conditions, e.g., pH, heat, or exposure to light. It is hence susceptible to structural modification, i.e., via isomerization, aggregation, or esterification, which alters its physiochemical properties. Here, we provide a concise overview of the distribution of astaxanthin in tissues, and astaxanthin structures, and their role in tackling singlet oxygen and free radicals. We highlight the effect of structural modification of astaxanthin molecules on the bioavailability and biological activity. These studies suggested that astaxanthin would be a promising dietary supplement for health applications.
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Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103624. [PMID: 32455532 PMCID: PMC7279222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory process in which activated microglia generate cytotoxic factors-most prominently peroxynitrite-which induce the death and dysfunction of neighboring dopaminergic neurons. Dying neurons then release damage-associated molecular pattern proteins such as high mobility group box 1 which act on microglia via a range of receptors to amplify microglial activation. Since peroxynitrite is a key mediator in this process, it is proposed that nutraceutical measures which either suppress microglial production of peroxynitrite, or which promote the scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants, should have value for the prevention and control of PD. Peroxynitrite production can be quelled by suppressing activation of microglial NADPH oxidase-the source of its precursor superoxide-or by down-regulating the signaling pathways that promote microglial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Phycocyanobilin of spirulina, ferulic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, good vitamin D status, promotion of hydrogen sulfide production with taurine and N-acetylcysteine, caffeine, epigallocatechin-gallate, butyrogenic dietary fiber, and probiotics may have potential for blunting microglial iNOS induction. Scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals may be amplified with supplemental zinc or inosine. Astaxanthin has potential for protecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain from peroxynitrite and environmental mitochondrial toxins. Healthful programs of nutraceutical supplementation may prove to be useful and feasible in the primary prevention or slow progression of pre-existing PD. Since damage to the mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons by environmental toxins is suspected to play a role in triggering the self-sustaining inflammation that drives PD pathogenesis, there is also reason to suspect that plant-based diets of modest protein content, and possibly a corn-rich diet high in spermidine, might provide protection from PD by boosting protective mitophagy and thereby aiding efficient mitochondrial function. Low-protein diets can also promote a more even response to levodopa therapy.
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Ribeiro D, Sousa A, Nicola P, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Rufino AT, Silva M, Freitas M, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. β-Carotene and its physiological metabolites: Effects on oxidative status regulation and genotoxicity in in vitro models. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111392. [PMID: 32360219 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are ubiquitously distributed in nature, β-carotene being the most frequently found carotenoid in the human diet. In the human body, β-carotene is absorbed, distributed and metabolized by enzymatic and/or non-enzymatic oxidant cleavage into several metabolites. Despite the broadly accepted biological value of β-carotene, it has also been considered a double-edged sword, mainly due to its potential antioxidant versus pro-oxidant behaviour. In this sense, the aim of this work was to scrutinize the antioxidant or pro-oxidant potential of β-carotene and its metabolites, namely trans-β-apo-8'-carotenal and β-ionone. Several parameters were evaluated in this study, viz. their effects on reactive species production, both in human whole blood and neutrophils; their effects on lipid peroxidation, in the absence and presence of peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), using a synaptosomal model; and finally, their putative genotoxic effects in the human hepatic HepG2 cell line. In general, depending on the cellular model and conditions tested, β-carotene and its metabolites revealed antioxidant effects to varying degrees without significant pro-oxidant or genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Sousa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nicola
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Hongo N, Takamura Y, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Tobe K, Saito T, Saido TC, Nishijo H. Astaxanthin Ameliorated Parvalbumin-Positive Neuron Deficits and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathological Progression in the Hippocampus of AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:307. [PMID: 32218736 PMCID: PMC7078363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress due to amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the formation of amyloid plaque, which leads to hyperphosphorylation of tau, microglial activation, and cognitive deficits. The dysfunction or phenotypic loss of parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons has been implicated in cognitive deficits. Astaxanthin is one of carotenoids and known as a highly potent antioxidant. We hypothesized that astaxanthin's antioxidant effects may prevent the onset of cognitive deficits in AD by preventing AD pathological processes associated with oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the effects of astaxanthin intake on the cognitive and pathological progression of AD in a mouse model of AD. The AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice were fed with or without astaxanthin from 5-to-6 weeks old, and cognitive functions were evaluated using a Barnes maze test at 6 months old. PV-positive neurons were investigated in the hippocampus. Aβ42 deposits, accumulation of microglia, and phosphorylated tau (pTau) were immunohistochemically analyzed in the hippocampus. The hippocampal anti-oxidant status was also investigated. The Barnes maze test indicated that astaxanthin significantly ameliorated memory deficits. Astaxanthin reduced Aβ42 deposition and pTau-positive areal fraction, while it increased PV-positive neuron density and microglial accumulation per unit fraction of Aβ42 deposition in the hippocampus. Furthermore, astaxanthin increased total glutathione (GSH) levels, although 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal (4-HNE) protein adduct levels (oxidative stress marker) remained high in the astaxanthin supplemented mice. The results indicated that astaxanthin ameliorated memory deficits and significantly reversed AD pathological processes (Aβ42 deposition, pTau formation, GSH decrease, and PV-positive neuronal deficits). The elevated GSH levels and resultant recovery of PV-positive neuron density, as well as microglial activation, may prevent these pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Hongo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan.,Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Shangguan H, Zhang S, Li X, Zhou Q, Shi J, Deng Q, Huang F. Synthesis of lutein esters using a novel biocatalyst of Candida antarctica lipase B covalently immobilized on functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8949-8957. [PMID: 35496558 PMCID: PMC9050056 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein scavenges free radicals and inhibits vision damage caused by photo oxidation, while decomposing easily with light and heat. Its stability and bioavailability can be tremendously improved by lutein ester synthesis. However, green and efficient esterification preparation methods are urgently needed. In this study, which used functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4-Ns) as the immobilized carrier, a novel biocatalyst was designed and prepared to accommodate Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), considerably enhancing the performance. It was characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, TGA, and BET to demonstrate successful preparation and then applied to catalyze esterification between lutein and succinate anhydride in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent resulting in a conversion rate up to 92% at 50 °C in 60 h, 34% more than free CALB under the same conditions. We believe this is the highest esterification rate in lutein esters synthesis and it has great potential to facilitate eco-friendly and efficient preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Shangguan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Xin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Jie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China
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38
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Sun Y, Yan C, Liu M, Liu Y, Wang W, Cheng W, Yang F, Zhang J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of one carotenoid isomerooxygenase gene (EcNinaB-X1) from Exopalaemon carinicauda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:421-431. [PMID: 31846777 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the immune defense reaction of invertebrate, a plenty of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be induced to product. Though ROS can kill foreign invaders, the accumulation of these reactive molecules in animals will cause serious cell damage. Carotenoids could function as scavengers of oxygen radicals. In this research, cDNA and genomic DNA of one carotenoid isomerooxygenase gene (named EcNinaB-X1) were cloned from Exopalaemon carinicauda. EcNinaB-X1 gene was composed of 12 exons and 11 introns. EcNinaB-X1 knock-out (KO) prawns were produced via CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the change of their phenotypes were analyzed. Of the 400 injected one-cell stage embryos with cas9 mRNA and one sgRNA targeting the first exon of EcNinaB-X1 gene, 26 EcNinaB-X1-KO prawns were generated and the mutant rate reached 6.5% after embryo injection. The EcNinaB-X1-KO prawns had significant lower mortality than those in wild-type group when the prawns were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Aeromonas hydrophila. In conclusion, we first demonstrate the function of the carotenoid isomerooxygenase gene in immune defense of E. carinicauda by performing directed, heritable gene mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan, 310012, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan, 310012, China.
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Zhang J, Li QR, Zhang MH, You Y, Wang Y, Wang YH. Enhancement of carotenoid biosynthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma PR106 under stress conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2375-2385. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1650633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Carotenoids have good biological activity in antioxidant, anti-aging and scavenging harmful free radicals. In this study, we screened a strain that produced carotenoids, and selected a stress condition which significantly improved carotenoids content. The strain was identified as Phaffia rhodozyma PR106. Active oxygen generator TiO2 was the most significant factor to the carotenoids content of the P. rhodozyma. The content of carotenoids was 54.45 mg/g at 500 mg/L TiO2, which was about 1.25 times of the control and the proportion of carotenoids also changed from 1:9:16 to 1:8.5:12. Further, we determined the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in YEPD medium and P. rhodozyma, found that the ROS (H2O2, O2−, and HO•) was significantly increased at 500 mg/L TiO2 in YEPD medium compared with the control, but increased in P. rhodozyma under 1000 mg/L TiO2 treated. These results suggested that the increase in carotenoids was related to ROS in P. rhodozyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing-Ru Li
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Hao Zhang
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying You
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Hua Wang
- College of Food science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, China
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40
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Najafi L, Halvaei I, Movahedin M. Canthaxanthin protects human sperm parameters during cryopreservation. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13389. [PMID: 31402476 DOI: 10.1111/and.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different antioxidants have been introduced to reduce oxidative stress during the cryopreservation. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of canthaxanthin on human sperm parameters during the freeze-thaw process. This study was performed on 25 normozoospermic semen samples dividing into five groups including 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 25 µM of canthaxanthin. The prepared spermatozoa were cryopreserved by rapid freezing technique. Sperm motility, viability (eosin-nigrosin), morphology (Papanicolaou), acrosome reaction (double staining), DNA denaturation (acridine orange), chromatin packaging (aniline blue and toluidine blue), and DNA fragmentation (sperm chromatin dispersion test) were evaluated before freezing and after thawing. All sperm parameters after thawing significantly were decreased compared to before freezing. Twenty-five micromolar canthaxanthin could significantly improve the progressive and total motility, viability, normal morphology, chromatin packaging, acrosome integrity and DNA denaturation and fragmentation. Ten micromolar canthaxanthin significantly improved total motility, viability, normal morphology, chromatin packaging, acrosome integrity and DNA denaturation and fragmentation. Whereas, in 1 µM group, there were significant differences only in improvement of acrosome integrity, chromatin packaging (toluidine blue) and DNA denaturation and fragmentation. But, in 0.1 µM group, there were no significant differences in any of measured parameters. It seems that canthaxanthin ameliorates detrimental effects of cryopreservation on human sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Najafi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Halvaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Dey TK, Maiti I, Chakraborty S, Ghosh M, Dhar P. Enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic lutein-PUFA esters and assessment of their stabilization potential in EPA-DHA rich fish oil matrix. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:2345-2354. [PMID: 31168117 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to synthesize ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid esters of lutein and to evaluate if esterification can stabilize the both bioactive molecules. Both ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and lutein are prone towards auto-oxidation in their free form. Free lutein extracted from the marigold petals was enzymatically esterified using Candida antarctica NS435 Lipase B, with the ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The lutein esters were purified, characterized and finally assessed for their protective role against oxidative degradation in bulk fish oil matrix. The antioxidative effect of these esters was compared with commercial antioxidants of natural origin, i.e., α-tocopherol and a synthetic antioxidant, i.e., tert-butylhydroquinone, at a dosage of 200 mg/L. Both free lutein and lutein-polyunsaturated fatty acid ester had significantly promoted the oxidative stability of bulk fish oil. But based on dose-response relationship, lutein-polyunsaturated fatty acid ester was found to be more efficient than free lutein, in protecting fish oil from secondary oxidation, thereby augmenting their shelf life. Given the high nutraceutical value, potent antioxidative potential and organic origin, it is only relevant to incorporate lutein esters as natural preservative and stabilizers in edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Kumar Dey
- 1Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India.,2Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098 India
| | - Ipshita Maiti
- 1Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India
| | - Sriparna Chakraborty
- 3Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009 India
| | - Mahua Ghosh
- 2Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098 India.,3Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009 India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- 1Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India.,2Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098 India
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Gheysen L, Demets R, Devaere J, Bernaerts T, Goos P, Van Loey A, De Cooman L, Foubert I. Impact of microalgal species on the oxidative stability of n-3 LC-PUFA enriched tomato puree. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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43
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Differential transcriptional responses of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in the marine green alga Tetraselmis suecica exposed to redox and non-redox active metals. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1167-1179. [PMID: 30649658 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-04583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The green microalga, Tetraselmis suecica, is commonly used in scientific, industrial, and aquacultural purposes because of its high stress tolerance and ease of culture in wide spectrums of environments. We hypothesized that carotenoids help to protect Tetraselmis cells from environmental stress by regulating genes in biosynthetic pathways. Here, we determined three major carotenogenic genes, phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and β-lycopene cyclase (LCY-B) in T. suecica, and examined the physiological parameters and gene expression responses when exposed to redox-active metals and non-redox-active metals. Phylogenetic analyses of each gene indicated that T. suecica clustered well with other green algae. Real-time PCR analysis showed that TsPSY, TsPDS, and TsLCY-B genes greatly responded to the redox-active metals in CuSO4 followed by CuCl2, but not to the non-redox-active metals. The redox-active metals strongly affected the physiology of the cells, as determined by cell counting, reactive oxygen species (ROS) imaging, and photosynthetic efficiency. This suggests that carotenoids protect the cells from oxidative damage caused by metals, thereby contributing to cell survival under various stress conditions.
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Aluç Y, Başaran Kankılıç G, Tüzün İ. Determination of carotenoids in two algae species from the saline water of Kapulukaya reservoir by HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1418376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasar Aluç
- Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Gökben Başaran Kankılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - İlhami Tüzün
- Research and Application Center for Environmental Issues, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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45
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Sathasivam R, Ki JS. A Review of the Biological Activities of Microalgal Carotenoids and Their Potential Use in Healthcare and Cosmetic Industries. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E26. [PMID: 29329235 PMCID: PMC5793074 DOI: 10.3390/md16010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments that play pivotal roles in many physiological functions. The characteristics of carotenoids, their effects on health, and the cosmetic benefits of their usage have been under investigation for a long time; however, most reviews on this subject focus on carotenoids obtained from several microalgae, vegetables, fruits, and higher plants. Recently, microalgae have received much attention due to their abilities in producing novel bioactive metabolites, including a wide range of different carotenoids that can provide for health and cosmetic benefits. The main objectives of this review are to provide an updated view of recent work on the health and cosmetic benefits associated with carotenoid use, as well as to provide a list of microalgae that produce different types of carotenoids. This review could provide new insights to researchers on the potential role of carotenoids in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea.
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Brunt EG, Burgess JG. The promise of marine molecules as cosmetic active ingredients. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 40:1-15. [PMID: 29057483 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment represents an underexploited resource for the discovery of novel products, despite its high level of biological and chemical diversity. With increasing awareness of the harmful effects of chronic ultraviolet exposure, and a universal desire to improve cosmetic appearance, the market for new cosmetic ingredients is growing, and current trends have generated a greater demand for products sourced from the environment. A growing number of novel molecules from marine flora and fauna exhibit potent and effective dermatological activities. Secondary metabolites isolated from macroalgae, including carotenoids and polyphenols, have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-ageing and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, marine extremophilic bacteria have recently been shown to produce bioactive exopolymeric molecules, some of which have been commercialized. Available data on their activities show significant antioxidant, moisturizing and anti-ageing activities, but a more focussed investigation into their mechanisms and applications is required. This review surveys the reported biological activities of an emerging and growing portfolio of marine molecules that show promise in the treatment of cosmetic skin problems including ultraviolet damage, ageing and cutaneous dryness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Brunt
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - J G Burgess
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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Increased torulene accumulation in red yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus NGR as stress response to high salt conditions. Food Chem 2017; 237:1041-1047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Galasso C, Corinaldesi C, Sansone C. Carotenoids from Marine Organisms: Biological Functions and Industrial Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E96. [PMID: 29168774 PMCID: PMC5745506 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As is the case for terrestrial organisms, carotenoids represent the most common group of pigments in marine environments. They are generally biosynthesized by all autotrophic marine organisms, such as bacteria and archaea, algae and fungi. Some heterotrophic organisms also contain carotenoids probably accumulated from food or partly modified through metabolic reactions. These natural pigments are divided into two chemical classes: carotenes (such as lycopene and α- and β-carotene) that are composed of hydrogen and carbon; xanthophylls (such as astaxanthin, fucoxanthin and lutein), which are constituted by hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. Carotenoids, as antioxidant compounds, assume a key role in the protection of cells. In fact, quenching of singlet oxygen, light capture and photosynthesis protection are the most relevant biological functions of carotenoids. The present review aims at describing (i) the biological functions of carotenoids and their benefits for human health, (ii) the most common carotenoids from marine organisms and (iii) carotenoids having large success in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries, highlighting the scientific progress in marine species cultivation for natural pigments production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Galasso
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Sciences and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urbanistics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
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Paeoniflorin blocks the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by platelet‑derived growth factor‑BB through ROS mediated ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1676-1682. [PMID: 29257209 PMCID: PMC5780110 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the development of vascular remodeling. In the present study, the effect of paeoniflorin (PAE) on the platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced proliferation of primary cultured rat VSMCs and its molecular mechanism was investigated. The toxicity was determined by the try pan blue exclusion test. Cell proliferation was determined using a CCK-8 assay, DNA synthesis was assessed by measuring the incorporation of BrdU. Cell cycle progression was determined using PI staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed using dichlorodihydro fluorescein diacetate. mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Changes of p38, JNK, ERK1/2 signaling pathways were determined by western blot analysis. Cell migration was detected by scratch assay. PAE was demonstrated to significantly inhibit VSMC proliferation induced by PDGF-BB in a dose-and time-dependent manner without cell cytotoxicity. Thus, PAE blocked progression through the G0/G1 to Sphase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, inhibition of the cell cycle was associated with the inhibition of them RNA expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and CDK2 as well as with increased cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A mRNA expression in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs. Further studies showed that the beneficial effect of PAE on blocking VSMCs proliferation was related to the suppression of the ROS-mediated extra cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 signaling pathways, although PAE had no significant effect on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling pathway. These results demonstrated that PAE suppressed PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation through the ROS-mediated ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways, suggesting that it may be a feasible therapy for vascular remodelling diseases.
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Maezawa T, Tanaka M, Kanazashi M, Maeshige N, Kondo H, Ishihara A, Fujino H. Astaxanthin supplementation attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis via suppression of oxidative stress. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:603-611. [PMID: 27714500 PMCID: PMC10718026 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization induces skeletal muscle fibrosis characterized by increasing collagen synthesis in the perimysium and endomysium. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is associated with this lesion via promoting differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are shown to mediate TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in tissues. These reports suggest the importance of ROS reduction for attenuating skeletal muscle fibrosis. Astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, has been shown to reduce ROS production in disused muscle. Therefore, we investigated the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on muscle fibrosis under immobilization. In the present study, immobilization increased the collagen fiber area, the expression levels of TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, and superoxide dismutase-1 protein and ROS production. However, these changes induced by immobilization were attenuated by astaxanthin supplementation. These results indicate the effectiveness of astaxanthin supplementation on skeletal muscle fibrosis induced by ankle joint immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Maezawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University of Human Sciences, 1-4-1 Shojaku, Settsu-shi, Osaka, 566-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara-shi, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, 4-21 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, 467-8611, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
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