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Sun Q, Yang R, Chen T, Li S, Wang H, Kong D, Zhang W, Duan J, Zheng H, Shen Z, Zhang J. Icaritin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury by anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-autophagy in mouse liver. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112533. [PMID: 38924868 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major complication of liver transplantation and gravely affects patient prognosis. Icaritin (ICT), the primary plasma metabolite of icariin (ICA), plays a critical role in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory processes. However, the role of ICT in hepatic IR injury remains largely undefined. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of ICT in hepatic IR injury. METHODS We established hepatic IR injury models in animals, as well as an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model. Liver injury in vivo was assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, necrotic areas by liver histology and local hepatic inflammatory responses. For in vitro analyses, we implemented flow-cytometric and western blot analyses, transmission electron microscopy, and an mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus reporter assay to assess the effects of ICT on OGD/R injury in AML12 and THLE-2 cell lines. Signaling pathways were explored in vitro and in vivo to identify possible mechanisms underlying ICT action in hepatic IR injury. RESULTS Compared to the mouse model group, ICT preconditioning considerably protected the liver against IR stress, and diminished the levels of necrosis/apoptosis and inflammation-related cytokines. In additional studies, ICT treatment dramatically boosted the expression ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins in hepatic cells following OGD/R damage. We also applied LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) and RAPA (rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor), which blocked the protective effects of ICT in hepatocytes subjected to OGD/R. CONCLUSION This study indicates that ICT attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury by exerting anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-autophagy effects, as demonstrated in mouse livers. We thus posit that ICT could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ruining Yang
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shipeng Li
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, China.
| | - Dejun Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weiye Zhang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jinliang Duan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Wei N, Zhang LM, Xu JJ, Li SL, Xue R, Ma SL, Li C, Sun MM, Chen KS. Astaxanthin Rescues Memory Impairments in Rats with Vascular Dementia by Protecting Against Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:29. [PMID: 39014255 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a cognitive disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function resulting from cerebrovascular disease. The hippocampus is particularly susceptible to ischemic insults, leading to memory deficits in VaD. Astaxanthin (AST) has shown potential therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in VaD and against hippocampal neuronal death remain unclear. In this study, We used the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method to establish a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model of VaD and administered a gastric infusion of AST at 25 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks to explore its therapeutic effects. Memory impairments were assessed using Y-maze and Morris water maze tests. We also performed biochemical analyses to evaluate levels of hippocampal neuronal death and apoptosis-related proteins, as well as the impact of astaxanthin on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that AST significantly rescued memory impairments in VaD rats. Furthermore, astaxanthin treatment protected against hippocampal neuronal death and attenuated apoptosis. We also observed that AST modulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting its involvement in promoting neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, AST exhibited antioxidant properties, mitigating oxidative stress in the hippocampus. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic effects of AST in VaD. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying the actions of AST, this study highlights the importance of protecting hippocampal neurons and suggests potential targets for intervention in VaD. There are still some unanswered questions include long-term effects and optimal dosage of the use in human. Further research is warranted to fully understand the therapeutic potential of AST and its application in the clinical treatment of VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luo-Man Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Ma
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, No.1 Jian She Dong Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
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Wang Z, Ge W, Zhong X, Tong S, Zheng S, Xu X, Wang K. Inhibition of cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 1 ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury during liver transplantation in an MAPK-dependent manner. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:22. [PMID: 38902590 PMCID: PMC11189853 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a critical pathophysiological process during liver transplantation (LT). Multiple genes and signal pathways are dysregulated during HIRI. This study aims to identify genes as potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating HIRI. Datasets containing samples from the human donor liver (GSE151648) and mouse HIRI model (GSE117066) were analyzed to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The selected DEGs were confirmed by real-time PCR and western blot in the hepatocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) model, mouse HIRI model, and human liver samples after transplantation. Genetic inhibition was used to further clarify the underlying mechanism of the gene in vitro and in vivo. Among the DEGs, CSRNP1 was significantly upregulated (|log FC|= 2.08, P < 0.001), and was positively correlated with the MAPK signal pathway (R = 0.67, P < 0.001). CSRNP1 inhibition by siRNA significantly suppressed apoptosis in the AML-12 cell line after HR (mean Annexin+ ratio = 60.62% vs 42.47%, P = 0.0019), but the protective effect was eliminated with an additional MAPK activator. Knocking down CSRNP1 gene expression by intravenous injection of AAV-shRNA markedly reduced liver injury in mouse HIRI model (ALT: AAV-NC vs AAV-shCsrnp1 = 26,673.5 ± 2761.2 vs 3839.7 ± 1432.8, P < 0.001; AST: AAV-NC vs AAV-shCsrnp1 = 8640.5 ± 1450.3 vs 1786.8 ± 518.3, P < 0.001). Liver-targeted delivery of siRNA by nanoparticles effectively inhibited intra-hepatic genetic expression of Csrnp1 and alleviated IRI by reducing tissue inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, CSRNP1 inhibition was associated with reduced activation of the MAPK pathway both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that CSRNP1 could be a potential therapeutic target to ameliorate HIRI in an MAPK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoucheng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Ge
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shizheng Tong
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.
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Li Y, Li J, Dong Y, Wang C, Cai Z. Bovine lactoferrin inhibits inflammatory response and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting the PPAR-γ pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:492. [PMID: 38578368 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding multifunctional cationic glycoprotein. Previous studies have demonstrated that LF may be a potential drug for treating acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) in ALI using the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and transcriptome analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from RNA-seq of the Lung from mouse model, the bioinformatics workflow was implemented using the BGISEQ-500 platform. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was obtained using STRING, and the hub gene was screened using Cytoscape. To verify the results of transcriptome analysis, the effects of bLF on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BEAS-2B cells and its anti-reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects were studied via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) test, active oxygen detection test, ELISA, and western blot assay. Transcriptome analysis revealed that two hub gene modules of DEGs were screened via PPI analysis using the STRING and MCODE plug-ins of Cytoscape. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that these core modules are enriched in the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways. Through cell experiments, our study shows that bLF can inhibit ROS, inflammatory reaction, and LPS-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis, which are significantly antagonized by the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662. CONCLUSION This study has suggested that the PPAR-γ pathway is the critical target of bLF in anti-inflammatory reactions and apoptosis of ALI, which provides a direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Li
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Junhu Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Institute of Respiratory Diseases, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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Li K, Song X, Li H, Kuang X, Liu S, Liu R, Li D. Mussel oil is superior to fish oil in preventing atherosclerosis of ApoE -/- mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1326421. [PMID: 38410635 PMCID: PMC10894946 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1326421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to explore the preventive effect of mussel oil (MO) on atherosclerosis and the potential mechanism in apolipoprotein E-null (ApoE-/-) mice. Methods ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol chow and given corn oil (CO), fish oil (FO), MO, or aspirin (ASP, dissolved in CO) by gavage for 12 weeks. The total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in MO (51.01%) and FO (46.82%) were comparable (mainly C22:6n-3 and C20:5n-3). Wild-type mice were fed with a normal chow and given equivalent CO as health control (CON). Results Compared with the CON group, obvious atherosclerotic plaque appeared at aorta and aortic sinus in the CO group. Compared with the CO group, MO but not FO had a significantly smaller atherosclerotic plaque area in the aorta. The aortic atherosclerotic plaque area was comparable in the MO, CON, and ASP groups. The MO group had a significantly smaller atherosclerotic plaque area, lower lipid deposition, lower contents of smooth muscle cell (SMC), and slightly lower contents of macrophage at the aortic sinus than the FO group. Serum concentrations of IL-1β, NF-κB, and VCAM-1 were comparable in the MO and FO groups and were significantly lower than the CO group. Compared with the CO group, the MO group but not FO group had significantly lower aortic protein levels of p65NF-κB, p38MAPK, and VCAM-1. The aortic protein levels of p-p65NF-κB and p-p38MAPK were significantly lower in the MO group than the FO group. Conclusion In conclusion, MO is more potent than FO in preventing atherosclerosis, and the possible mechanism may be by downregulating p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, decreasing VCAM-1 and macrophage, and inhibiting proliferation and migration of SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotong Kuang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Run Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Yilmaz AS, Badak B, Erkasap N, Ozkurt M, Colak E. The Effect of Antioxidant Astaxanthin on Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Damage in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2023; 36:2182930. [PMID: 36871951 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2023.2182930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric ischemia is a frequently encountered disease in surgical clinics, difficult to diagnose, and very mortal if not treated. Our study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, which is known to have potent antioxidant properties and is also known to have anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS A total of 32 healthy Wistar albino female rats were used in our study. Subjects were randomized and equally divided into 4 groups; control (laparotomy group only), I/R (transient mesenteric ischemia group only), astaxanthin 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses. The transient ischemia time was 60 minutes and the reperfusion time was 120 minutes. Tissue samples were taken from intracardiac blood and terminal ileum after reperfusion. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) from blood samples, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), Caspase-3, P53 tests from terminal ileum were studied. Tissue samples were also taken for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS At the end of the study, both doses of astaxanthin were found to significantly reduce MDA level, CAT, and SOD enzymatic activity, whereas higher doses of astaxanthin significantly reduced MDA level, CAT, and SOD enzyme activities. In addition, cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6 were found to be reduced at both doses of astaxanthin, but only significantly inhibited at higher doses. We observed that inhibition of apoptosis reduced caspase-3 activity and P53 and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. CONCLUSION Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, significantly reduces ischemia and reperfusion injury, especially when used at a dose of 10 mg/kg. These data need to be confirmed by larger animal series and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Sakir Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, Sivrihisar State Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Bartu Badak
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Erkasap
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozkurt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Li JJ, Dai WQ, Mo WH, Xu WQ, Li YY, Guo CY, Xu XF. Fucoidan Ameliorates Ferroptosis in Ischemia-reperfusion-induced Liver Injury through Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 Activation. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1341-1354. [PMID: 37719959 PMCID: PMC10500289 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a common pathological process in liver surgery. Ferroptosis, which is closely related to lipid peroxidation, has recently been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of IR injury. However, the development of drugs that regulate ferroptosis has been slow, and a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis has not yet been achieved. Fucoidan (Fu) is a sulfated polysaccharide that has attracted research interest due to its advantages of easy access and wide biological activity. Methods In this study, we established models of IR injury using erastin as an activator of ferroptosis, with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) as the control. We clarified the molecular mechanism of fucoidan in IR-induced ferroptosis by determining lipid peroxidation levels, mitochondrial morphology, and key pathways in theta were involved. Results Ferroptosis was closely related to IR-induced hepatocyte injury. The use of fucoidan or Fer-1 inhibited ferroptosis by eliminating reactive oxygen species and inhibiting lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, while those effects were reversed after treatment with erastin. Iron accumulation, mitochondrial membrane rupture, and active oxygen generation related to ferroptosis also inhibited the entry of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and reduced downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein levels. However, fucoidan pretreatment produced adaptive changes that reduced irreversible cell damage induced by IR or erastin. Conclusions Fucoidan inhibited ferroptosis in liver IR injury via the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Yong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan-Fu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Corsi F, Deidda Tarquini G, Urbani M, Bejarano I, Traversa E, Ghibelli L. The Impressive Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: More than Redox? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2803. [PMID: 37887953 PMCID: PMC10609664 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are biocompatible nanozymes exerting multifunctional biomimetic activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, photolyase, and phosphatase. SOD- and catalase-mimesis depend on Ce3+/Ce4+ redox switch on nanoparticle surface, which allows scavenging the most noxious reactive oxygen species in a self-regenerating, energy-free manner. As oxidative stress plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, CNPs have recently attracted attention as potential anti-inflammatory agents. A careful survey of the literature reveals that CNPs, alone or as constituents of implants and scaffolds, strongly contrast chronic inflammation (including neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, liver steatosis, gastrointestinal disorders), infections, and trauma, thereby ameliorating/restoring organ function. By general consensus, CNPs inhibit inflammation cues while boosting the pro-resolving anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. The mechanism of CNPs' anti-inflammatory effects has hardly been investigated, being rather deductively attributed to CNP-induced ROS scavenging. However, CNPs are multi-functional nanozymes that exert additional bioactivities independent from the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox switch, such as phosphatase activity, which could conceivably mediate some of the anti-inflammatory effects reported, suggesting that CNPs fight inflammation via pleiotropic actions. Since CNP anti-inflammatory activity is potentially a pharmacological breakthrough, it is important to precisely attribute the described effects to one or another of their nanozyme functions, thus achieving therapeutic credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Corsi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.T.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Deidda Tarquini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.T.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Urbani
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.T.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University of Seville, HUVR, Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Enrico Traversa
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.T.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Jia C, Yu W, Li X, Xia N, Nie H, Wikana LP, Chen M, Ni Y, Han S, Pu L. Blockade of Hepatocyte PCSK9 Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Pink1-Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:149-169. [PMID: 37717824 PMCID: PMC10696400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a significant complication of partial hepatic resection and liver transplantation, impacting the prognosis of patients undergoing liver surgery. The protein proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is primarily synthesized by hepatocytes and has been implicated in myocardial ischemic diseases. However, the role of PCSK9 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of PCSK9 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS We first examined the expression of PCSK9 in mouse warm ischemia-reperfusion models and AML12 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Subsequently, we explored the impact of PCSK9 on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by assessing mitochondrial damage and the resulting inflammatory response. RESULTS Our findings reveal that PCSK9 is up-regulated in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury and exacerbates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Blocking PCSK9 can alleviate hepatocyte mitochondrial damage and the consequent inflammatory response mediated by ischemia-reperfusion. Mechanistically, this protective effect is dependent on mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting PCSK9 in hepatocytes attenuates the inflammatory responses triggered by reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial DNA by promoting PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. This, in turn, ameliorates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyang Jia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Huiling Nie
- Affiliated Eye Hospital and Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Likalamu Pascalia Wikana
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Minhao Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Sheng Han
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China.
| | - Liyong Pu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China.
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10
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Yadav S, Chamoli S, Kumar P, Maurya PK. Structural and functional insights in polysaccharides coated cerium oxide nanoparticles and their potential biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125673. [PMID: 37406905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have now significant presence in biomedical fields due to their wide applications; however, challenges regarding their safety and biocompatibility persist. Polysaccharides based biopolymers have inherent hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, enabling them to govern the surface functionalization of cerium oxide nanoparticles, hence their chemical and physical characteristics. Because of this, polysaccharides such as dextran, alginate, pullulan, chitosan, polylactic acid, starch, and pectin are practical substitutes for the conventional coatings used to synthesize cerium oxide nanoparticles. This review discusses the effect of biopolymer coatings on the properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles, such as size, stability, aggregation, and biocompatibility. Additionally, it also summarises various biomedical applications of polysaccharides coated cerium oxide nanoparticles, such as in bone tissue regeneration, liver inflammation, wound healing, and antibacterial and anticancer activities. Biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles will surely improve their applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somu Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Shivangi Chamoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Bidholi Campus, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India.
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11
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Mireault M, Xiao Y, Barbeau B, Jumarie C. Cadmium affects autophagy in the human intestinal cells Caco-2 through ROS-mediated ERK activation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:945-966. [PMID: 34580807 PMCID: PMC10406703 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic metal that enters the food chain. Following oral ingestion, the intestinal epithelium has the capacity to accumulate high levels of this metal. We have previously shown that Cd induces ERK1/2 activation in differentiated but not proliferative human enterocytic-like Caco-2 cells. As autophagy is a dynamic process that plays a critical role in intestinal mucosa, we aimed the present study 1) to investigate the role of p-ERK1/2 in constitutive autophagy in proliferative Caco-2 cells and 2) to investigate whether Cd-induced activation of ERK1/2 modifies autophagic activity in postconfluent Caco-2 cell monolayers. Western blot analyses of ERK1/2 and autophagic markers (LC3, SQSTM1), and cellular staining with acridine orange showed that ERK1/2 and autophagic activities both decreased with time in culture. GFP-LC3 fluorescence was also associated with proliferative cells and the presence of a constitutive ERK1/2-dependent autophagic flux was demonstrated in proliferative but not in postconfluent cells. In the latter condition, serum and glucose deprivation triggered autophagy via a transient phosphorylation of ERK1/2, whereas Cd-modified autophagy via a ROS-dependent sustained activation of ERK1/2. Basal autophagy flux in proliferative cells and Cd-induced increases in autophagic markers in postconfluent cells both involved p-ERK1/2. Whether Cd blocks autophagic flux in older cell cultures remains to be clarified but our data suggest dual effects. Our results prompt further studies investigating the consequences that Cd-induced ERK1/2 activation and the related effect on autophagy may have on the intestinal cells, which may accumulate and trap high levels of Cd under some nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mireault
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Groupe TOXEN, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ Centre ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, centre CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yong Xiao
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, centre CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Barbeau
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, centre CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Jumarie
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Groupe TOXEN, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ Centre ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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12
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Xu Y, Chen Y, Yao M, You Y, Nie B, Zeng M, Jiang H. MicroRNA-146a Improved Acute Lung Injury Induced by hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting PRDX1. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231169805. [PMID: 37063344 PMCID: PMC10103257 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231169805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by high incidence and poor prognosis. The regulatory role of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in HIRI has been reported, but if miR-146a could affect the progression of HIRI-induced ALI has not been reported. The mice HIRI model was established by ligating left hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery for 60 minutes and then treating with reperfusion for 4 hours. Hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) was performed to establish cell model. The binding site between miR-146a and Peroxidase 1 (PRDX1) was predicted and validated. The levels of inflammation factors and redox markers were detected with commercial kits. Significant lower expression of miR-146a and higher expression of PRDX1 in HIRI animal model were observed. miR-146a inhibited the liver injury after HIRI induction through targeting PRDX1. miR-146a inhibited the lung injury caused by HIRI via regulating PRDX1. The inhibition of cell apoptosis and inflammation factors by miR-146a were reversed by pcDNA-PRDX1. This research demonstrated that miR-146a improved ALI caused by HIRI by inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative condition through targeting PRDX1. This study might provide a novel thought for the prevention and treatment of ALI caused by HIRI by regulating miR-146a/PRDX1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mengxia Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yisheng You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bin Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Meina Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Hui Jiang, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No 420 Fuma Road, 350014, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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13
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Gobut H, Erel S, Ozdemir C, Mortas T, Arslan M, Kucuk A, Kasapbasi E, Kavutcu M. Effects of cerium oxide on liver tissue in liver ischemia‑reperfusion injury in rats undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:164. [PMID: 36936704 PMCID: PMC10015321 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During liver surgery and transplantation, periods of partial or total vascular occlusion are inevitable and result in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Nanomedicine uses the latest technological advancement, which has emerged from interdisciplinary efforts involving biomedical sciences, physics and engineering to protect and improve human health. Antioxidant nanoparticles are potential therapeutic agents. The present study investigated the effects of cerium oxide (Co) administration and sevoflurane anesthesia on liver tissue with IR injury. A total of 36 rats were randomly divided into control, Co, IR, IR-Sevoflurane (IRS), Co + IR and Co + IRS groups. In the IR, IRS and Co + IRS groups, hepatic IR was induced. Intraperitoneal Co was administered to the Co groups 30 min before ischemia. Sevoflurane was administered to the IRS and Co + IRS groups during IR injury. Liver tissue samples were examined under the light microscope by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) levels as well as catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity were evaluated in liver tissue samples. The IR group had considerably more hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation and parenchymal neutrophil infiltration than the Co, IRS, Co + IR and Co + IRS groups. CAT and GST enzyme activity were significantly higher in Co and Co + IR groups compared with the IR group. TBARS levels were significantly lower in Co, IRS, Co + IR and Co + IRS groups compared whit those in the IR group. Intraperitoneal injection of Co with sevoflurane decreased oxidative stress and damage to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Gobut
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Selin Erel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Cagri Ozdemir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Tulay Mortas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
- Life Sciences and Application Research Centre, Gazi University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
- Correspondence to: Dr Mustafa Arslan, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Emniyet Mahallesi, 29 Mevlana Bulvarı, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kucuk
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya 43020, Turkey
| | - Esat Kasapbasi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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Yu B, Zhang Y, Wang T, Guo J, Kong C, Chen Z, Ma X, Qiu T. MAPK Signaling Pathways in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1405-1418. [PMID: 37012971 PMCID: PMC10065871 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s396604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway can be activated by a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, and mediates numerous intracellular signals related to cellular activities, including cell proliferation, motility, and differentiation. It has been widely studied in the occurrence and development of inflammation and tumor. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a common pathophysiological phenomenon that occurs in surgical procedures such as lobectomy and liver transplantation, which is characterized by severe inflammatory reaction after ischemia and reperfusion. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of p38, ERK1/2, JNK in MAPK family and TAK1 and ASK1 in MAPKKK family in HIRI, and try to find an effective treatment for HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Kong
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongbao Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Ma
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tao Qiu, Department of Organ Transplantation, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13995632367, Email
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Meng YX, Zhao R, Huo LJ. Interleukin-22 alleviates alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis, inhibits autophagy, and suppresses the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2023; 47:448-458. [PMID: 36799106 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis is a widespread liver disease with no effective treatment. Recent studies have indicated that interleukin-22 (IL-22) can ameliorate alcohol-associated liver disease. However, the mechanism underlying the role of IL-22 in alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of IL-22 in a mouse model of alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis was induced by feeding male C57BL/6J mice with a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 4% ethyl alcohol for 8 weeks and injecting them with 5% tetrachloromethane (CCl4 ) intraperitoneally for the last 4 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, IL-22 was also administered. We investigated the role of IL-22 in autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using a 3-methyladenine intraperitoneal injection in the mice treated with IL-22. The effects of IL-22 on alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis, autophagy-related gene expression, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity were assessed using histopathology, biochemical analysis, transmission electron microscopy, quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. RESULTS Mice treated with ethanol and CCl4 displayed distinct liver injuries, including hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatic fibrosis, which were substantially attenuated by IL-22 treatment. In addition, we found that IL-22 regulated the expression of autophagy-related genes and inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as evidenced by the reduction in p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression after IL-22 treatment. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 exerts a marked protective effect against alcohol-associated hepatic fibrosis. Its effect may be partly related to the alteration of autophagy-related gene expression and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Meng
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Juan Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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A. Eid R, Alaa Edeen M, Soltan MA, Al-Shraim M, Samir A. Zaki M, M. Al-Qahtani S, Fayad E, T. Salem E, K. Abdulsahib W, Emam H, M. Hassan H. Integration of Ultrastructural and Computational Approaches Reveals the Protective Effect of Astaxanthin against BPA-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020421. [PMID: 36830956 PMCID: PMC9953522 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant that can induce deleterious organ effects. Human Cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 enzyme belongs to the essential xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, producing ROS as a byproduct. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a powerful antioxidant that protects organs and tissues from the damaging effects of oxidative stress caused by various diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the possible protective impacts of ATX against BPA-induced nephrotoxicity and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kidney tissues were isolated and examined microscopically from control, protected, and unprotected groups of rats to examine the potential protective effect of ATX against nephrotoxicity. Moreover, a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was conducted to predict the performance of ATX upon binding to the active site of P450 CYP2C9 protein receptor as a potential mechanism of ATX protective effect. RESULTS Implemented computational methods revealed the possible underlying mechanism of ATX protection; the protective impact of ATX is mediated by inhibiting P450 CYP2C9 through binding to its dimeric state where the RMSF value for apo-protein and ATX-complex system were 5.720.57 and 1.040.41, respectively, implicating the ATX-complex system to have lesser variance in its residues, leading to the prevention of ROS excess production, maintaining the oxidant-antioxidant balance and re-establishing the proper mitochondrial functionality. Furthermore, the experimental methods validated in silico outcomes and revealed that ATX therapy effectively restored the typical histological architecture of pathological kidney tissues. CONCLUSIONS ATX prevents BPA-induced nephrotoxicity by controlling oxidative imbalance and reversing mitochondrial dysfunction. These outcomes shed new light on the appropriate use of ATX as a treatment or prophylactic agent for these severe conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.A.E.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Muhammad Alaa Edeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.A.E.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 31527, Egypt
| | - Saleh M. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman T. Salem
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Waleed K. Abdulsahib
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah Emam
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Hesham M. Hassan
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Hameed Ali RA, Altimimi M, Hadi NR. THE POTENTIAL RENOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TILIANIN IN RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN MALE RAT MODEL. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:2657-2667. [PMID: 38290030 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202312115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To determine whether Tilianin (TIL) may have Nephroprotective effects on bilateral renal IRI in rats by analyzing kidney function biomarkers U and Cr, inflammatory cytokines like TNF α and IL-1β, antioxidant marker total anti-oxidant Capacity (TAC), anti-apoptotic markers caspase-3, and histopathological scores. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 20 rats divided into even 4 groups as: Sham group: Rats underwent median laparotomies without having their ischemia induced. Control group: Rats had bilateral renal ischemia for 30 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Vehicle group: 30 minutes prior to the onset of ischemia, rats were given a pretreatment of corn oil and DMSO. Tilianin treated group: Rats administered Tilianin 5 mg/kg for 30 min prior to ischemia induction, then IRI. RESULTS Results: The study found that the serum levels of TNF, IL-1, caspase-3, urea and creatinine, as well as TNF and creatinine in the Tilianin group were significantly lower than those of the control and vehicle groups. On the other hand, it revealed that TAC levels are remarkably higher in the Tilianin group than they are in the control and vehicle groups. CONCLUSION Conclusions: This study concluded that Tilianin have a Nephroprotective effect via multiple impacts as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Abdul Hameed Ali
- PHARMACY, PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, KUFA, IRAQ
| | - Murooj Altimimi
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, IRAQ
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, IRAQ
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Lee J, Kim MH, Kim H. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Astaxanthin on Gastrointestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415471. [PMID: 36555112 PMCID: PMC9779521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A moderate amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced under normal conditions, where they play an important role in cell signaling and are involved in many aspects of the immune response to pathogens. On the other hand, the excessive production of ROS destructs macromolecules, cell membranes, and DNA, and activates pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, which may lead to various pathologic conditions. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is constantly exposed to ROS due to the presence of bacteria and other infectious pathogens in food, as well as alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Prolonged excessive oxidative stress and inflammation are two major risk factors for GI disorders such as ulcers and cancers. Bioactive food compounds with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity have been tested in experimental GI disease models to evaluate their therapeutic potential. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid that is naturally present in algae, yeast, salmon, shrimp, and krill. It has been shown that AST exhibits protective effects against GI diseases via multiple mechanisms. Residing at the surface and inside of cell membranes, AST directly neutralizes ROS and lipid peroxyl radicals, enhances the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, and suppresses pro-inflammatory transcription factors and cytokines. In addition, AST has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis via modulating cell proliferation-related pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy. Considering the potential benefits of AST in GI diseases, this review paper aims to summarize recent advances in AST research, focusing on its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against gastric and intestinal ulcers and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyun Kim
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence: (M.-H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +1-602-496-4163 (M.-H.K.); +82-2-2123-3125 (H.K.)
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +1-602-496-4163 (M.-H.K.); +82-2-2123-3125 (H.K.)
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Salidroside alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury during liver transplant in rat through regulating TLR-4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13973. [PMID: 35978104 PMCID: PMC9385636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Salidroside has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. However, its effect on hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), an unavoidable side effect associated with liver transplantation, remains undefined. Here, we aimed to determine whether salidroside alleviates hepatic IRI and elucidate its potential mechanisms. We used both in vivo and in vitro assays to assess the effect and mechanisms of salidroside on hepatic IRI. Hepatic IRI rat models were pretreated with salidroside (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/day) for 7 days following liver transplantation while hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with salidroside (1, 10 or 50 μM). The effect of salidroside on hepatic IRI was assessed using hematoxylin–eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining, qRT-PCR, immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Our in vivo assays showed that salidroside significantly reduced pathological liver damage, serum aminotransferase levels and serum levels of IL-1, IL-18 and TNF-α. Besides, salidroside reduced the expression of TLR-4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway associated proteins (TLR-4, MyD88, p-IKKα, p-IKKβ, p-IKK, p-IκBα, p-P65, NLRP3, ASC, Cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and IL-6) in rats after liver transplantation. On the other hand, data from the in vitro analysis demonstrated that salidroside blocks expression of TLR-4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway related proteins in the RAW264.7 cells treated with H/R. The salidroside-specific anti-inflammatory effects were partially inhibited by the TLR-4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, our study showed that salidroside inhibits hepatic IRI following liver transplantation by modulating the TLR-4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Örs ED, Alkan ŞB, Öksüz A. Possible Effect of Astaxanthin on Obesity-related Increased COVID-19
Infection Morbidity and Mortality. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401317666211011105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Obesity is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a body mass index
equal to 30 kg/m2 or greater. It is an important and escalating global public health problem.
Obesity is known to cause low-grade chronic inflammation, increasing the burden of noncommunicable
and possibly communicable diseases. There is considerable evidence that obesity is
associated with an increased risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection
as well as significantly higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. It appears plausible
that controlling the chronic systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity may have
a positive impact on the symptoms and the prognosis of COVID-19 disease in obese patients.
Astaxanthin (ASTX) is a naturally occurring carotenoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
and immunomodulatory activities. As a nutraceutical agent, it is used as a preventative and a
co-treatment in a number of systemic neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.
This review article will discuss the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and the effect of
ASTX on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. The potential positive impact of ASTX anti-
inflammatory properties in obese COVID-19 patients will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Didem Örs
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şenay Burçin Alkan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Öksüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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A Emara A, H Mohamed M, S Nada E, A Hashem N, S Mahmoud E, M Abd-Elmonem A, Y Talab E, N Hameed A, M Dabbash O, Amir S, A Abd-Elgwad M, H Mohamed A, S Othman A, S Mansour M, A Ali A, A Hussein M. Astaxanthin Attenuates D-Galactosamine-Induced Pancreatic Injury by Activating Antioxidant Enzymes and Inhibiting VEGF-C Gene Expression. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:191-200. [PMID: 35234009 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.191.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β-β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is a carotenoid, commonly found in marine environments has been reported to possess versatile biological properties including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In this study, the pancreatic protective effect of astaxanthin was investigated in D-Galactosamine-induced pancreas injury in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this experimental study, MTT assay was used to determine cytotoxic effects of the Astaxanthin on pnc1 cells. A total of 30 adult albino rats divided into 5 groups, six rats in each. Group I was given an equal amount of distilled water, group II was received 400 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt. D-galactosamine on 15th day, groups III-V were treated with astaxanthin (50 and 100 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) and/or silymarin (50 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) for 14 days + 400 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt. D-galactosamine on the 15th day, respectively. <b>Results:</b> IC<sub>50 </sub>of Astaxanthin against the pnc1 cell line was 92.9 μg mL<sup>1</sup>. The daily oral administration of astaxanthin (50 and 100 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) as well as silymarin (50 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) for 14 days to rats treated with D-galactosamine resulted in a significant improvement in plasma AST, ALT, ALP as well as pancreatic TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, NO and VEGF-C gene expression. On the other hand, inducible oral administration of astaxanthin increased the activity of pancreatic GSH, SOD, GPx, GR, CAT and the level of TBARs in D-galactosamine-treated pancreatic of rats. Furthermore, Astaxanthin almost normalized these effects in pancreatic tissue histoarchitecture and MRI examination. <b>Conclusion:</b> The obtained results showed that Astaxanthin protected experimental animals against D-galactosamine-induced pancreatic injury through activation of antioxidant enzymes and IL-10 and inhibition of VEGF-C activation.
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23
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Gao HL, Yu XJ, Zhang Y, Wang CL, Lei YM, Yu JY, Zong DM, Liu KL, Zhang DD, Li Y, Tian H, Zhang NP, Kang YM. Astaxanthin Ameliorates Blood Pressure in Salt-Induced Prehypertensive Rats Through ROS/MAPK/NF-κB Pathways in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:1045-1057. [PMID: 34537923 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) has a variety of biochemical effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antihypertensive functions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether AST ameliorates blood pressure in salt-induced prehypertensive rats by ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathways in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.To explore the central effects of AST on the development of blood pressure, prehypertensive rats were induced by a high-salt diet (HS, 8% NaCl) and its control groups were treated with normal-salt diet (NS, 0.3% NaCl). The Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats with HS diet for 6 weeks received AST or vehicle by gastric perfusion for 6 weeks. Compared to those with NS diet, rats with HS diet exhibited increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). These increases were associated with higher plasma level of norepinephrine (NE), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6); elevated PVN level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOX2, and NOX4, that of IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phosphorylation extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2), phosphorylation Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity; and lower levels of IL-10, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the PVN. In addition, our data demonstrated that chronic AST treatment ameliorated these changes in the HS but not NS diet rats. These data suggested that AST could alleviate prehypertensive response in HS-induced prehypertension through ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathways in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chen-Long Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yi-Ming Lei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jia-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong-Miao Zong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Nian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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24
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Dual Lactate Clearance in the Viability Assessment of Livers Donated After Circulatory Death With Ex Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e789. [PMID: 34805491 PMCID: PMC8601326 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Perfusate lactate clearance (LC) is considered one of the useful indicators of liver viability assessment during normothermic machine perfusion (NMP); however, the applicable scope and potential mechanisms of LC remain poorly defined in the setting of liver donation after circulatory death.
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Kohandel Z, Farkhondeh T, Aschner M, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Samarghandian S. Anti-inflammatory action of astaxanthin and its use in the treatment of various diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112179. [PMID: 34736076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a red pigmented carotenoid with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, we summarize the available literature on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of AST in various chronic and acute disorders, such as neurodegenerative, renal-, hepato-, skin- and eye-related diseases, as well as gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, we elaborated on therapeutic efficacy of AST and the role of several pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-κB, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and JAK-2/STAT-3 in mediating its effects. However, additional experimental and clinical studies should be performed to corroborate the anti-inflammatory effects and protective effects of AST against inflammatory diseases in humans. Nevertheless, this review suggests that AST with its demonstrated anti-inflammatory property may be a suitable candidate for drug design with novel technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Kohandel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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26
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S, Almohiy HM. Astaxanthin attenuates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed rats by suppressing microRNA-21 via transactivation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 78:151-168. [PMID: 34651285 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether astaxanthin (ASX) could alleviate hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/miR-21 axis. Rats (n = 8/group) were fed either a standard diet (3.8 kcal/g; 10% fat) or HFD (4.6 kcal/g; 40% fat) and treated orally with either the vehicle or ASX (6 mg/kg) daily for 8 days. Another group was fed HFD and treated with ASX and brusatol (an Nrf2 inhibitor) (2 mg/kg/twice per week/i.p.). ASX prevented the gain in body and liver weights and attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-fed rats. In the control and HFD-fed rats, ASX did not affect food intake, serum free fatty acid (FFA) content, and glucose and insulin levels and tolerance. However, serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels; hepatic levels of TGs and FFAs; and hepatic levels of Srebp1, Srebp2, HMGCR, and fatty acid synthase mRNAs and miR-21 were reduced and the mRNA levels of Pparα were significantly increased in both the groups. These effects were associated with a reduction in the hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interlukin-6 as well as an increase in superoxide dismutase levels, total glutathione content, and nuclear levels and activity of Nrf2. miR-21 levels were strongly correlated with the nuclear activity of Nrf2. Brusatol completely reversed the effects of ASX. In conclusion, ASX prevents hepatic steatosis mainly by transactivating Nrf2 and is associated with the suppression of miR-21 and Srebp1/2 and upregulation of Pparα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain M Almohiy
- Depatrtment of Radiology Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Hu C, Zhao L, Zhang F, Li L. Regulation of autophagy protects against liver injury in liver surgery-induced ischaemia/reperfusion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9905-9917. [PMID: 34626066 PMCID: PMC8572770 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient ischaemia and reperfusion in liver tissue induce hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) tissue injury and a profound inflammatory response in vivo. Hepatic I/R can be classified into warm I/R and cold I/R and is characterized by three main types of cell death, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, in rodents or patients following I/R. Warm I/R is observed in patients or animal models undergoing liver resection, haemorrhagic shock, trauma, cardiac arrest or hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome when vascular occlusion inhibits normal blood perfusion in liver tissue. Cold I/R is a condition that affects only patients who have undergone liver transplantation (LT) and is caused by donated liver graft preservation in a hypothermic environment prior to entering a warm reperfusion phase. Under stress conditions, autophagy plays a critical role in promoting cell survival and maintaining liver homeostasis by generating new adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organelle components after the degradation of macromolecules and organelles in liver tissue. This role of autophagy may contribute to the protection of hepatic I/R‐induced liver injury; however, a considerable amount of evidence has shown that autophagy inhibition also protects against hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting autophagic cell death under specific circumstances. In this review, we comprehensively discuss current strategies and underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation that alleviates I/R injury after liver resection and LT. Directed autophagy regulation can maintain liver homeostasis and improve liver function in individuals undergoing warm or cold I/R. In this way, autophagy regulation can contribute to improving the prognosis of patients undergoing liver resection or LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Kidney Disease Center, Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Cho SJ, Sung YJ, Lee JS, Yu BS, Sim SJ. Robust cyst germination induction in Haematococcus pluvialis to enhance astaxanthin productivity in a semi-continuous outdoor culture system using power plant flue gas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125533. [PMID: 34284295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis biologically converts CO2 into natural astaxanthin that possesses a strong antioxidant activity; its low carbon footprint and economic viability have allowed it to garner great attention. However, low efficiency of the cultivation process is a major hurdle in its commercial production. Here, additional nitrogen was provided to fully grown cells to induce efficient cyst germination, thereby rapidly increasing the number of cells containing astaxanthin. After germination, these cells were rapidly converted from zooids to cysts by nitrogen depletion, while maintaining a steady astaxanthin content of 5.5%. Consequently, a 2.1-fold increase in astaxanthin productivity in comparison with that in a batch culture was achieved. Moreover, the germination-based semi-continuous process yielded 2.6 times higher astaxanthin productivity in a large-scale culture using power plant flue gas and a polymeric photobioreactor. This study provides a promising cultivation strategy for the commercial mass production of natural astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jun Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Mauerhofer C, Grumet L, Schemmer P, Leber B, Stiegler P. Combating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Micronutrients and Natural Compounds during Solid Organ Transplantation: Data of Clinical Trials and Lessons of Preclinical Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10675. [PMID: 34639016 PMCID: PMC8508760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extended donor criteria grafts bear a higher risk of complications such as graft dysfunction, the exceeding demand requires to extent the pool of potential donors. The risk of complications is highly associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, a condition characterized by high loads of oxidative stress exceeding antioxidative defense mechanisms. The antioxidative properties, along with other beneficial effects like anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic or antiarrhythmic effects of several micronutrients and natural compounds, have recently emerged increasing research interest resulting in various preclinical and clinical studies. Preclinical studies reported about ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammatory status, resulting in improved graft survival. Although the majority of clinical studies confirmed these results, reporting about improved recovery and superior organ function, others failed to do so. Yet, only a limited number of micronutrients and natural compounds have been investigated in a (large) clinical trial. Despite some ambiguous clinical results and modest clinical data availability, the vast majority of convincing animal and in vitro data, along with low cost and easy availability, encourage the conductance of future clinical trials. These should implement insights gained from animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mauerhofer
- Department of Science and Product Development, pro medico HandelsGmbH, Liebenauer Tangente 6, 8041 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lukas Grumet
- Department of Science and Product Development, pro medico HandelsGmbH, Liebenauer Tangente 6, 8041 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Peter Schemmer
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bettina Leber
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
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30
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, El-Seedi HR, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. The neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153676. [PMID: 34339943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and treatment response of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Recent studies revealed a significant role of carotenoids to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro and the molecular mechanisms and pathological factors contributing to major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). HYPOTHESIS Carotenoids as therapeutic molecules to target neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Aggregation of toxic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the excitotoxic pathway, and neuroinflammation were the major pathological factors contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies supported the beneficiary role of carotenoids, namely lycopene, β-carotene, crocin, crocetin, lutein, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin in alleviating disease progression. These carotenoids provide neuroprotection by inhibition of neuro-inflammation, microglial activation, excitotoxic pathway, modulation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative damage and activation of defensive antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, studies conducted on humans also demonstrated that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Carotenoids may be used as drugs to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although, the in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well conducted clinical studies on humans are required to conclude about the full potential of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Manochkumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Docosahexaenoic Acid-Acylated Astaxanthin Esters Exhibit Superior Renal Protective Effect to Recombination of Astaxanthin with DHA via Alleviating Oxidative Stress Coupled with Apoptosis in Vancomycin-Treated Mice with Nephrotoxicity. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090499. [PMID: 34564161 PMCID: PMC8467572 DOI: 10.3390/md19090499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of acute kidney injury caused by drugs is still a clinical problem to be solved urgently. Astaxanthin (AST) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important marine-derived active ingredients, and they are reported to exhibit renal protective activity. It is noteworthy that the existing forms of AST in nature are mainly fatty acid-acylated AST monoesters and diesters, as well as unesterified AST, in which DHA is an esterified fatty acid. However, no reports focus on the different bioactivities of unesterified AST, monoesters and diesters, as well as the recombination of DHA and unesterified AST on nephrotoxicity. In the present study, vancomycin-treated mice were used to evaluate the effects of DHA-acylated AST monoesters, DHA-acylated AST diesters, unesterified AST, and the recombination of AST and DHA in alleviating nephrotoxicity by determining serum biochemical index, histopathological changes, and the enzyme activity related to oxidative stress. Results found that the intervention of DHA-acylated AST diesters significantly ameliorated kidney dysfunction by decreasing the levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine, alleviating pathological damage and oxidative stress compared to AST monoester, unesterified AST, and the recombination of AST and DHA. Further studies revealed that dietary DHA-acylated AST esters could inhibit the activation of the caspase cascade and MAPKs signaling pathway, and reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings indicated that the administration of DHA-acylated AST esters could alleviate vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity, which represented a potentially novel candidate or therapeutic adjuvant for alleviating acute kidney injury.
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32
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Li J, Guo C, Wu J. The Agonists of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ for Liver Fibrosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2619-2628. [PMID: 34168433 PMCID: PMC8219117 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s310163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common link in the transformation of acute and chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis. It is of great clinical significance to study the factors associated with the induction of liver fibrosis and elucidate the method of reversal. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of nuclear transcription factors that can be activated by peroxisome proliferators. PPARs play an important role in fibrosis of various organs, especially the liver, by regulating downstream targeted pathways, such as TGF-β, MAPKs, and NF-κB p65. In recent years, the development and screening of PPAR-γ ligands have become a focus of research. The PPAR-γ ligands include synthetic hypolipidemic and antidiabetic drugs. In addition, microRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs and nano new drugs have attracted research interest. In this paper, the research progress of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis was discussed based on the relevant literature in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, People's Republic of China
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Yang M, Xuan Z, Wang Q, Yan S, Zhou D, Naman CB, Zhang J, He S, Yan X, Cui W. Fucoxanthin has potential for therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative disorders by acting on multiple targets. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2167-2180. [PMID: 33993853 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1926140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, one of the most abundant carotenoids from edible brown seaweeds, for years has been used as a bioactive dietary supplement and functional food ingredient. Recently, fucoxanthin was reported to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and was superior to other carotenoids to exert anti-neurodegenerative disorder effects via acting on multiple targets, including amyloid protein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, neurotransmission dysregulation and gut microbiota disorder. However, the concentration of fucoxanthin required for in vivo neuroprotective effects is somewhat high, and the poor bioavailability of this molecule might prevent its clinical use. As such, new strategies have been introduced to overcome these obstacles, and may help to develop fucoxanthin as a novel lead for neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, it has been shown that some metabolites of fucoxanthin may produce potent in vivo neuroprotective effects. Altogether, these studies suggest the possibility for future development of fucoxanthin as a one-compound-multiple-target or pro-drug type pharmaceutical or nutraceutical treatment for neurodegenerative disorders.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03625284.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02875392.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03613740.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04761406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Yang
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenquan Xuan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Yan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Seafood Processing, Innovative and Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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Acharya B, Chaijaroenkul W, Na-Bangchang K. Atractylodin inhibited the migration and induced autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38MAPK signalling pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1191-1200. [PMID: 33885818 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of atractylodin (ATD), the bioactive compound from Atractylodes lancea, on migration and autophagy status of cholangiocarcinoma cell line were investigated. METHODS Cytotoxic activity and effects on cell migration and invasion were evaluated by MTT and trans-well assay, respectively. Autophagy and underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated using flow cytometry and western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS ATD regulated the activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38MAPK signalling pathways which contributed to autophagy induction. HuCCT-1 cell growth was inhibited by ATD in a time- and dose-dependent manner. ATD inhibited the migration and invasion of HuCCT1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It also induced autophagy in HuCCT1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The SB202190 (autophagy inducer) and 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) significantly increased and decreased the rate of ATD-induced autophagy, respectively. The 24 h exposure of ATD inhibited the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and increased Beclin-1 expression and LC3 conversion. It also reduced p-AKT/AKT, p-mTOR/mTOR and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK. CONCLUSIONS ATD inhibits the proliferation and induces CCA cell autophagy via regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38MAPK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwanath Acharya
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chaijaroenkul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Drug discovery, and Development Center, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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35
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Lin HQ, Dai SH, Liu WC, Lin X, Yu BT, Chen SB, Liu S, Ling H, Tang J. Effects of prolonged cold-ischemia on autophagy in the graft lung in a rat orthotopic lung transplantation model. Life Sci 2021; 268:118820. [PMID: 33278393 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes present challenges in the field of graft transplantation which is also a major contributor to early graft dysfunction or failure after organ transplantation. The study focuses on the effects of prolonged cold-ischemia (CI) on the autophagic activity in the graft lung in a rat orthotopic lung transplantation model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Donor lungs were preserved under CI conditions for different periods. An orthotopic lung transplantation model was developed, and the lung tissues from donor lungs subjected to CI preservation and reperfusion were harvested. We evaluated the effects of different CI periods on autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose consumption. Additionally, the mechanism by which prolonged CI affected autophagy was investigated through determination of the molecules related to the mTOR pathway after treatment with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), rapamycin and an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitor oligomycin (OM). RESULTS Prolonged CI led to increased activities of key glycolytic enzymes, glucose consumption and lactic acid production. Autophagy, ROS and glucose consumption were induced in the graft lung after I/R, which reached peak levels after 6 h and was gradually decreased. Most importantly, the perfusion treatment of 3-MA or OM decreased ROS level and autophagy, but increased the extent of mTOR phosphorylation, while the perfusion treatment of rapamycin induced ROS and autophagy. CONCLUSION Taken together, autophagy mediated by a prolonged CI preservation affects the glucose consumption and ROS production in the graft lung via the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Wei-Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ben-Tong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shi-Biao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Wang W, Liu T, Liu Y, Yu L, Yan X, Weng W, Lu X, Zhang C. Astaxanthin attenuates alcoholic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cardiac apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 412:115378. [PMID: 33352188 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic excessive ethanol consumption is associated with a high incidence of mortality due to ethanol-induced dilated cardiomyopathy, known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that apoptosis is key to the pathogenesis of ACM, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated apoptosis contributes to various ethanol-related diseases. Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural carotenoid that exerts an anti-ER stress effect. Importantly, strong evidence has shown that AST induces beneficial effects in various cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate whether AST induces beneficial effects on ACM by suppressing cardiac apoptosis mediated by ER stress. We showed that after 2 months of chronic excessive ethanol consumption, mice displayed obvious cardiac dysfunction and morphological changes associated with increased fibrosis, oxidative stress, ER stress and apoptosis. However, cardiac damage above was attenuated in response to AST treatment. The cardioprotective effect of AST against ethanol toxicity was also confirmed in both H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes, indicating that AST-induced protection directly targets cardiomyocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that AST inhibited all three ER stress signaling pathways activated by ethanol. Furthermore, administration of the ER stress inhibitor sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) strongly suppressed ethanol-induced cardiomyocyte damage. Interestingly, AST induced further anti-apoptotic effects once co-treated with 4-PBA, indicating that AST protects the heart from ACM partially by attenuating ER stress, but other mechanisms still exist. This study highlights that administration of AST ablated chronic excessive ethanol consumption-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing cardiac ER stress and subsequent apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/physiopathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic/prevention & control
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Ethanol
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Xanthophylls/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Wang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tinghao Liu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenya Weng
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Pereira CPM, Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Prado PS, Name JJ. Antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory mechanisms of action of astaxanthin in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:37-48. [PMID: 33155666 PMCID: PMC7723678 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases; thus, anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant agents that modulate redox balance have become research targets so as to evaluate their molecular mechanisms of action and therapeutic properties. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid of the xanthophyll group, has potent antioxidant properties due to its molecular structure and its arrangement in the plasma membrane, factors that favor the neutralization of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This carotenoid also has prominent anti‑inflammatory activity, possibly interrelated with its antioxidant effect, and is also involved in the modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Considering the potential beneficial effects of astaxanthin on cardiovascular health evidenced by preclinical and clinical studies, the aim of the present review was to describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties of this carotenoid in cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis. The beneficial properties and safety profile of astaxanthin indicate that this compound may be used for preventing progression or as an adjuvant in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo, SP 01311-100
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Zhou YK, Zhu LS, Huang HM, Cui SJ, Zhang T, Zhou YH, Yang RL. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth ameliorate concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by protecting hepatocytes from apoptosis. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1623-1639. [PMID: 33505604 PMCID: PMC7789126 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious autoimmune liver disease that threatens human health worldwide, which emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel treatments. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which are easy to obtain in a non-invasive manner, show pronounced proliferative and immunomodulatory capacities.
AIM To investigate the protective effects of SHED on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis in mice, and to elucidate the associated regulatory mechanisms.
METHODS We used a ConA-induced acute hepatitis mouse model and an in vitro co-culture system to study the protective effects of SHED on ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis, as well as the associated underlying mechanisms.
RESULTS SHED infusion could prevent aberrant histopathological liver architecture caused by ConA-induced infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, tumor necrosis-alpha+, and interferon-gamma+ inflammatory cells. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated in hepatitis mice. SHED infusion could therefore block ConA-induced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase elevations. Mechanistically, ConA upregulated tumor necrosis-alpha and interferon-gamma expression, which was activated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to induce hepatocyte apoptosis, resulting in acute liver injury. SHED administration protected hepatocytes from ConA-induced apoptosis.
CONCLUSION SHED alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Our findings could provide a potential treatment strategy for hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kun Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling-Su Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hua-Ming Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan-Heng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui-Li Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Luo D, Zhang JB, Li SP, Liu W, Yao XR, Guo H, Jin ZL, Jin YX, Yuan B, Jiang H, Kim NH. Imperatorin Ameliorates the Aging-Associated Porcine Oocyte Meiotic Spindle Defects by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Protecting Mitochondrial Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592433. [PMID: 33409275 PMCID: PMC7779485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imperatorin (IMP) exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-hypertension activities. However, its effects on animal reproduction systems, especially oocyte development, maturation, and aging are not yet clear. In this study, the effects of IMP on oocyte development and aging as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms were explored. Oocytes were cultured for an additional 24 h for aging. Results revealed that the blastocyst formation and hatching rates of embryos, which were parthenogenetically activated aged oocytes, were significantly increased with IMP treatment (40 μM). Simultaneously, well-distributed cortical granules but no significant difference in zona pellucida hardness were observed after IMP treatment. During this stage, intracellular reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and autophagy levels were decreased, while mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione level, and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased. IMP-treated aged oocytes also showed significantly higher expression of MOS, CCNB1, BMP15, and GDF9 than non-IMP-treated aged oocytes although their levels were still lower than those in the fresh oocytes. These results suggest that IMP can effectively ameliorate the quality of aged porcine oocytes by reducing oxidative stress and protecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jia-bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng-peng Li
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-rui Yao
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Zhe-long Jin
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong-xun Jin
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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40
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Talukdar J, Bhadra B, Dattaroy T, Nagle V, Dasgupta S. Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110886. [PMID: 33113418 PMCID: PMC7566765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host excessive inflammatory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is thought to underpin the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated severe pneumonitis and acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Once an immunological complication like cytokine storm occurs, anti-viral based monotherapy alone is not enough. Additional anti-inflammatory treatment is recommended. It must be noted that anti-inflammatory drugs such as JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, TNF-α inhibitors, colchicine, etc., have been either suggested or are under trials for managing cytokine storm in COVID-19 infections. Natural astaxanthin (ASX) has a clinically proven safety profile and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. There is evidence from preclinical studies that supports its preventive actions against ALI/ARDS. Moreover, ASX has a potent PPARs activity. Therefore, it is plausible to speculate that ASX could be considered as a potential adjunctive supplement. Here, we summarize the mounting evidence where ASX is shown to exert protective effect by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. We present reports where ASX is shown to prevent against oxidative damage and attenuate exacerbation of the inflammatory responses by regulating signaling pathways like NF-ĸB, NLRP3 and JAK/STAT. These evidences provide a rationale for considering natural astaxanthin as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory cytokine storm and associated risks in COVID-19 infection and this suggestion requires further validation with clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Talukdar
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India.
| | - Bhaskar Bhadra
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India
| | - Tomal Dattaroy
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India
| | - Vinod Nagle
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India
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41
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Astaxanthin and its Effects in Inflammatory Responses and Inflammation-Associated Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225342. [PMID: 33207669 PMCID: PMC7696511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a natural lipid-soluble and red-orange carotenoid. Due to its strong antioxidant property, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immune modulation, astaxanthin has gained growing interest as a multi-target pharmacological agent against various diseases. In the current review, the anti-inflammation mechanisms of astaxanthin involved in targeting for inflammatory biomarkers and multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-κB, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and JAK-2/STAT-3, have been described. Furthermore, the applications of anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin in neurological diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatic and renal diseases, eye and skin disorders, are highlighted. In addition to the protective effects of astaxanthin in various chronic and acute diseases, we also summarize recent advances for the inconsistent roles of astaxanthin in infectious diseases, and give our view that the exact function of astaxanthin in response to different pathogen infection and the potential protective effects of astaxanthin in viral infectious diseases should be important research directions in the future.
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42
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Sudharshan SJ, Dyavaiah M. Astaxanthin protects oxidative stress mediated DNA damage and enhances longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biogerontology 2020; 22:81-100. [PMID: 33108581 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been found to play an important role in oxidative mediated DNA damage. Fortunately, cells possess an antioxidant system that can neutralize ROS. However, oxidative stress occurs when antioxidants are overwhelmed by ROS or impaired antioxidant pathways. This study was carried out to find the protective effect of astaxanthin on the yeast DNA repair-deficient mutant cells under hydrogen peroxide stress. The results showed that astaxanthin enhances the percent cell growth of rad1∆, rad51∆, apn1∆, apn2∆ and ogg1∆ cells. Further, the spot test and colony-forming unit count results confirmed that astaxanthin protects DNA repair mutant cells from oxidative stress. The DNA binding property of astaxanthin studied by in silico and in vitro methods indicated that astaxanthin binds to the DNA in the major and minor groove, and that might protect DNA against oxidative stress induced by Fenton's reagent. The intracellular ROS, 8-OHdG level and the DNA fragmentation as measured by comet tail was reduced by astaxanthin under oxidative stress. Similarly, reduced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation results suggest that astaxanthin might reduce apoptosis. Finally, we show that astaxanthin decreases the accumulation of mutation rate and enhances the longevity of DNA repair-deficient mutants' cells during a chronological lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sudharshan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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43
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Liu B, Hu D, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Shen L, Long C, Butnaru D, Timashev P, He D, Lin T, Xu T, Zhang D, Wei G. Exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells protect against renal interstitial fibrosis through ROS-mediated P38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4998-5014. [PMID: 33042402 PMCID: PMC7540090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium attenuate renal fibrosis in an irreversible model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). However, the key components that play a role in the paracrine effects of MSCs and their mechanisms of action are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-Ex) would be able to attenuate renal fibrosis in an irreversible model of UUO and further explored potential mechanisms. In vivo, rats were divided into four groups: sham operation, sham operation transplanted with hucMSC-Ex, UUO, and UUO transplanted with hucMSC-Ex. hucMSC-Ex was administered via the left renal artery after total ligation of the left ureter. Rats were sacrificed after 14 days of obstruction. Renal function such as serum creatinine (Scr) or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were monitored over the period. Histological changes, proliferation and apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells, and the levels of oxidative stress were measured. In vitro, NRK-52E cells were incubated with or without 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 and co-incubated with or without hucMSC-Ex for 48 h. Apoptosis and the levels of oxidative stress of NRK-52E cells were also measured. In the UUO group, the level of BUN and Scr, and the level of apoptosis and oxidative stress were all increased. In addition, the renal tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were evident. However, all the above indices decreased significantly after treatment with hucMSC-Ex. In vitro, hucMSC-Ex significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells by altering the production of ROS. Furthermore, it was observed that hucMSC-Ex inhibited apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. In conclusion, the results showed that hucMSC-Ex had positive effects towards UUO-induced renal fibrosis and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, and its mechanism of action was associated with inhibition of ROS-mediated p38MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. These data suggest the potential application of hucMSC-Ex in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, and also reveal the underlying mechanism of hucMSC-Ex action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and DisordersChongqing 400014, China
| | - Dong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and DisordersChongqing 400014, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and DisordersChongqing 400014, China
| | - Yihang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and DisordersChongqing 400014, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and DisordersChongqing 400014, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and DisordersChongqing 400014, China
| | - Denis Butnaru
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomanufacturing Center, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084, China
| | - Deying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and DisordersChongqing 400014, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and DisordersChongqing 400014, China
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Stephen Inbaraj B, Chen BH. An overview on recent in vivo biological application of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:558-575. [PMID: 33193860 PMCID: PMC7610205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) possess a great potential as therapeutic agents due to their ability to self-regenerate by reversibly switching between two valences +3 and +4. This article reviews recent articles dealing with in vivo studies of CNPs towards Alzheimer's disease, obesity, liver inflammation, cancer, sepsis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, acute kidney injury, radiation-induced tissue damage, hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, retinal diseases and constipation. In vivo anti-cancer studies revealed the effectiveness of CNPs to reduce tumor growth and angiogenesis in melanoma, ovarian, breast and retinoblastoma cancer cell-induced mice, with their conjugation with folic acid, doxorubicin, CPM, or CXC receptor-4 antagonist ligand eliciting higher efficiency. After conjugation with triphenylphosphonium or magnetite nanoparticles, CNPs were shown to combat Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid-β, glial fibrillary acidic protein, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in mice. By improving muscle function and longevity, the citrate/EDTA-stabilized CNPs could ameliorate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also, they could effectively reduce obesity in mice by scavenging ROS and reducing adipogenesis, triglyceride synthesis, GAPDH enzyme activity, leptin and insulin levels. In CCl4-induced rats, stress signaling pathways due to inflammatory cytokines, liver enzymes, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum messengers could be attenuated by CNPs. Commercial CNPs showed protective effects on rats with hepatic ischemia reperfusion and peritonitis-induced hepatic/cardiac injuries by decreasing oxidative stress and hepatic/cardiac inflammation. The same CNPs could improve kidney function by diminishing renal superoxide, hyperglycemia and tubular damage in peritonitis-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Radiation-induced lung and testicular tissue damage could be alleviated in mice, with the former showing improvement in pulmonary distress and bronchoconstriction and the latter exhibiting restoration in spermatogenesis rate and spermatid/spermatocyte number. Through enhancement of gastrointestinal motility, the CNPs could alleviate constipation in both young and old rats. They could also protect rat from light-induced retinal damage by slowing down neurodegenerative process and microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242
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45
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Fakhri S, Nouri Z, Moradi SZ, Farzaei MH. Astaxanthin, COVID-19 and immune response: Focus on oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2790-2792. [PMID: 32754955 PMCID: PMC7436866 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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46
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Li J, Guo C, Wu J. Astaxanthin in Liver Health and Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Agent. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2275-2285. [PMID: 32606597 PMCID: PMC7293384 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s230749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid derived from oxygen-containing non-vitamin A sources and is mainly obtained from marine organisms. Studies have demonstrated that astaxanthin is a natural antioxidant product and it is widely used in the fields of medicine, health-care products and cosmetics. Studies have shown that astaxanthin has important preventive and therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, liver cancer, drug and ischemia-induced liver injury, and its mechanism is related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the latest data on astaxanthin in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. An understanding of the structure, source and mechanism of action of astaxanthin in the body would not only provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application but could also have important significance in screening and improving related compounds for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China
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Guo W, Fang H, Cao S, Chen S, Li J, Shi J, Tang H, Zhang Y, Wen P, Zhang J, Wang Z, Shi X, Pang C, Yang H, Hu B, Zhang S. Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 3 Deficiency in Hepatocytes Protects the Liver Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Transforming Growth Factor-β-Activated Kinase 1. Hepatology 2020; 71:1037-1054. [PMID: 31393024 PMCID: PMC7155030 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major challenge affecting the morbidity and mortality of liver transplantation. Effective strategies to improve liver function after hepatic I/R injury are limited. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 (Steap3), a key regulator of iron uptake, was reported to be involved in immunity and apoptotic processes in various cell types. However, the role of Steap3 in hepatic I/R-induced liver damage remains largely unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS In the present study, we found that Steap3 expression was significantly up-regulated in liver tissue from mice subjected to hepatic I/R surgery and primary hepatocytes challenged with hypoxia/reoxygenation insult. Subsequently, global Steap3 knockout (Steap3-KO) mice, hepatocyte-specific Steap3 transgenic (Steap3-HTG) mice, and their corresponding controls were subjected to partial hepatic warm I/R injury. Hepatic histology, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis were monitored to assess liver damage. The molecular mechanisms of Steap3 function were explored in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated that, compared with control mice, Steap3-KO mice exhibited alleviated liver damage after hepatic I/R injury, as shown by smaller necrotic areas, lower serum transaminase levels, decreased apoptosis rates, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, whereas Steap3-HTG mice had the opposite phenotype. Further molecular experiments showed that Steap3 deficiency could inhibit transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation and downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signaling during hepatic I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Steap3 is a mediator of hepatic I/R injury that functions by regulating inflammatory responses as well as apoptosis through TAK1-dependent activation of the JNK/p38 pathways. Targeting hepatocytes, Steap3 may be a promising approach to protect the liver against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Hong‐Bo Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Sheng‐Li Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - San‐Yang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Ji‐Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Hong‐Wei Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Pei‐Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Jia‐Kai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Zhi‐Hui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Xiao‐Yi Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Chun Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Bo‐Wen Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Shui‐Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ TransplantationZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan UniversitiesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina
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48
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Improvement of Inflammation through Antioxidant Pathway of Gardeniae Fructus 50% EtOH Extract (GE) from Acute Reflux Esophagitis Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4826176. [PMID: 32185206 PMCID: PMC7060875 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4826176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gardeniae Fructus 50% EtOH extract (GE) is a traditional herb that has been used to treat a variety of diseases. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties of GE on acute reflux-induced esophagitis (RE) model in rats. 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of GE. GE was given orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight 1h 30 min prior to RE induction. And its effect was assessed in comparison with RE control and normal groups. The administration of the extract of the GE showed remarkable protection of mucosal damage in esophageal tissue, and the histologic observation showed that the gastric lesion was improved. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the serum were diminished by GE treatment. The antioxidative biomarkers including nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly increased. GE administration significantly reduced the inflammatory protein expression through MAPK-related signaling pathways and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. These results suggest that GE protects the esophagus mucosal membrane by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response under reflux esophagitis condition through the antioxidant pathway. Therefore, it is suggested that GE may be a potential remedy for the treatment of reflux esophagitis.
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Xiang S, Chen K, Xu L, Wang T, Guo C. Bergenin Exerts Hepatoprotective Effects by Inhibiting the Release of Inflammatory Factors, Apoptosis and Autophagy via the PPAR-γ Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:129-143. [PMID: 32021098 PMCID: PMC6970010 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s229063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) limits the development of liver transplantation technology. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of Bergenin on hepatic IR, particularly the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) pathway. Methods Initial experiments were performed to confirm the non-toxicity of Bergenin. Mice were randomly divided into sham, IR, and IR + Bergenin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) groups, and serum and tissue samples were obtained at 2, 8 and 24 h for detection of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), ROS, cell death markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Beclin-1 and LC3) and related important pathways (PPAR-γ, P38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and JAK2/STAT1). Results Bergenin reduced the release of ROS, down-regulated inflammatory factors, and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. Additionally, expression of PPAR-γ-related genes was increased and phosphorylation of P38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and JAK2/STAT1-related proteins was decreased in Bergenin pre-treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Bergenin exerts hepatic protection by eliminating ROS, affecting the release of inflammatory factors, and influencing apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes via the PPAR-γ pathway in this model of hepatic IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Xiang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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Nan B, Gu X, Huang X. The Role of the Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenger Agent, Astaxanthin, in the Protection of Cisplatin-Treated Patients Against Hearing Loss. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:4291-4303. [PMID: 31908415 PMCID: PMC6927222 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s212313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence of significant hearing loss occurring shortly after cisplatin administration in cancer patients has stimulated research into the causes and treatment of this side effect. Although the aetiology of cisplatin-induced hearing loss (CIHL) remains unknown, an increasing body of research suggests that it is associated with excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cochlea. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, has powerful anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties based on its unique cell membrane function, diverse biological activities, and ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize the role of ROS in CIHL and the effect of astaxanthin on inhibiting ROS production. We focus on investigating the mechanism of action of astaxanthin in suppressing excessive production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Nan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital 2, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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