1
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Zhang D, Wang C, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Hong Z, Jia D, Ma D, Gu Y, Xu H, Xi Z. Discovery of Novel (5-Mercapto-4-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl Phenyl Carbamate as a Potent Phytoene Desaturase Inhibitor through Scaffold Hopping and Linker Modification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18898-18908. [PMID: 39147603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Phytoene desaturase (PDS) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Although commercial PDS inhibitors have been developed for decades, it remains necessary to develop novel PDS inhibitors with higher bioactivity. In this work, we used the scaffold hopping and linker modification approaches to design and synthesize a series of compounds (7a-7o, 8a-8l, and 14a-14d). The postemergence application assay demonstrated that 8e and 7e separately showed the best herbicidal activity at 750 g a.i./ha and lower doses (187.5 g, 375g a.i./ha) without no significant toxicity to maize and wheat. The surface plasmon resonance revealed strong binding affinity between 7e and Synechococcus PDS (SynPDS). The HPLC analysis confirmed that 8e at 750 g a.i./ha caused significant phytoene accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. This work demonstrates the efficacy of structure-guided optimization through scaffold hopping and linker modification to design potent PDS inhibitors with enhanced bioactivity and crop safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chunxue Wang
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhilei Yu
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Hong
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ding Jia
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dejun Ma
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Han Xu
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xi
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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2
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Li M, Shang Z, Ma Y, Zhao H, Ni Z, Wei Z, Zhang X. Tolerance Mechanisms and Removal Efficiency of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Treating 3-Fluorophenol Pollution. Metabolites 2024; 14:449. [PMID: 39195545 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the growth tolerance mechanisms of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 3-fluorophenol and its removal efficiency by algal cells. Our results indicate that C. pyrenoidosa can tolerate up to 100 mg/L of 3-fluorophenol, exhibiting a significant hormesis effect characterized by initial inhibition followed by promotion of growth. In C. pyrenoidosa cells, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were higher than or comparable to the control group. Metabolic analysis revealed that the 3-fluorophenol treatment activated pathways, such as glycerol phospholipid metabolism, autophagy, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, contributed to the stabilization of cell membrane structures and enhanced cell repair capacity. After 240 h of treatment, over 50% of 3-fluorophenol was removed by algal cells, primarily through adsorption. Thus, C. pyrenoidosa shows potential as an effective biosorbent for the bioremediation of 3-fluorophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhenfang Shang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yonglan Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhijing Ni
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhaojun Wei
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Development and Applications in Special Environment, Yinchuan 750021, China
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3
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Zhang YZ, Li K, Qin BY, Guo JP, Zhang QB, Zhao DL, Chen XL, Gao J, Liu LN, Zhao LS. Structure of cryptophyte photosystem II-light-harvesting antennae supercomplex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4999. [PMID: 38866834 PMCID: PMC11169493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptophytes are ancestral photosynthetic organisms evolved from red algae through secondary endosymbiosis. They have developed alloxanthin-chlorophyll a/c2-binding proteins (ACPs) as light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). The distinctive properties of cryptophytes contribute to efficient oxygenic photosynthesis and underscore the evolutionary relationships of red-lineage plastids. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Photosystem II (PSII)-ACPII supercomplex from the cryptophyte Chroomonas placoidea. The structure includes a PSII dimer and twelve ACPII monomers forming four linear trimers. These trimers structurally resemble red algae LHCs and cryptophyte ACPI trimers that associate with Photosystem I (PSI), suggesting their close evolutionary links. We also determine a Chl a-binding subunit, Psb-γ, essential for stabilizing PSII-ACPII association. Furthermore, computational calculation provides insights into the excitation energy transfer pathways. Our study lays a solid structural foundation for understanding the light-energy capture and transfer in cryptophyte PSII-ACPII, evolutionary variations in PSII-LHCII, and the origin of red-lineage LHCIIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China.
| | - Kang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing-Yue Qin
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Ping Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan-Bao Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dian-Li Zhao
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Long-Sheng Zhao
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China.
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Song Y, Yang X, Li S, Luo Y, Chang JS, Hu Z. Thraustochytrids as a promising source of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols: bioactive compound biosynthesis, and modern biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:618-640. [PMID: 37158096 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2196373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are eukaryotes and obligate marine protists. They are increasingly considered to be a promising feed additive because of their superior and sustainable application in the production of health-benefiting bioactive compounds, such as fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols. Moreover, the increasing demand makes it critical to rationally design the targeted products by engineering industrial strains. In this review, bioactive compounds accumulated in thraustochytrids were comprehensively evaluated according to their chemical structure, properties, and physiological function. Metabolic networks and biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols were methodically summarized. Further, stress-based strategies used in thraustochytrids were reviewed to explore the potential methodologies for enhancing specific product yields. There are internal relationships between the biosynthesis of fatty acids, carotenoids, and sterols in thraustochytrids since they share some branches of the synthetic routes with some intermediate substrates in common. Although there are classic synthesis pathways presented in the previous research, the metabolic flow of how these compounds are being synthesized in thraustochytrids still remains uncovered. Further, combined with omics technologies to deeply understand the mechanism and effects of different stresses is necessary, which could provide guidance for genetic engineering. While gene-editing technology has allowed targeted gene knock-in and knock-outs in thraustochytrids, efficient gene editing is still required. This critical review will provide comprehensive information to benefit boosting the commercial productivity of specific bioactive substances by thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Song
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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5
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Lu KY, Cheng LC, Hung ZC, Chen ZY, Wang CW, Hou HH. The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Caulerpa microphysa Promotes Collagen Homeostasis and Inhibits Inflammation in the Skin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2701-2712. [PMID: 38534786 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and collagen-degrading enzymes' overexpression promote collagen decomposition, which affects the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix. The polysaccharide and peptide extracts of the green alga Caulerpa microphysa (C. microphysa) have been proven to have anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antioxidant effects in vivo and in vitro. However, the biological properties of the non-water-soluble components of C. microphysa are still unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated the higher effective anti-inflammatory functions of C. microphysa ethyl acetate (EA) extract than water extract up to 16-30% in LPS-induced HaCaT cells, including reducing the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, the excellent collagen homeostasis effects from C. microphysa were proven by suppressing the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion, enhancing type 1 procollagen and collagen expressions dose-dependently in WS1 cells. Moreover, using UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis, four terpenoids, siphonaxanthin, caulerpenyne, caulerpal A, and caulerpal B, were identified and may be involved in the superior collagen homeostasis and anti-inflammatory effects of the C. microphysa EA extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yun Lu
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Ci Hung
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ze-Ying Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Wei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Hou
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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6
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Zhao LS, Wang N, Li K, Li CY, Guo JP, He FY, Liu GM, Chen XL, Gao J, Liu LN, Zhang YZ. Architecture of symbiotic dinoflagellate photosystem I-light-harvesting supercomplex in Symbiodinium. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2392. [PMID: 38493166 PMCID: PMC10944487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Symbiodinium are the photosynthetic endosymbionts for corals and play a vital role in supplying their coral hosts with photosynthetic products, forming the nutritional foundation for high-yield coral reef ecosystems. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Symbiodinium photosystem I (PSI) supercomplex with a PSI core composed of 13 subunits including 2 previously unidentified subunits, PsaT and PsaU, as well as 13 peridinin-Chl a/c-binding light-harvesting antenna proteins (AcpPCIs). The PSI-AcpPCI supercomplex exhibits distinctive structural features compared to their red lineage counterparts, including extended termini of PsaD/E/I/J/L/M/R and AcpPCI-1/3/5/7/8/11 subunits, conformational changes in the surface loops of PsaA and PsaB subunits, facilitating the association between the PSI core and peripheral antennae. Structural analysis and computational calculation of excitation energy transfer rates unravel specific pigment networks in Symbiodinium PSI-AcpPCI for efficient excitation energy transfer. Overall, this study provides a structural basis for deciphering the mechanisms governing light harvesting and energy transfer in Symbiodinium PSI-AcpPCI supercomplexes adapted to their symbiotic ecosystem, as well as insights into the evolutionary diversity of PSI-LHCI among various photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Sheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ning Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jian-Ping Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fei-Yu He
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Gui-Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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7
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Tang S, Liu Y, Zhu J, Cheng X, Liu L, Hammerschmidt K, Zhou J, Cai Z. Bet hedging in a unicellular microalga. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2063. [PMID: 38453919 PMCID: PMC10920660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how organisms have adapted to persist in unpredictable environments is a fundamental goal in biology. Bet hedging, an evolutionary adaptation observed from microbes to humans, facilitates reproduction and population persistence in randomly fluctuating environments. Despite its prevalence, empirical evidence in microalgae, crucial primary producers and carbon sinks, is lacking. Here, we report a bet-hedging strategy in the unicellular microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. We show that isogenic populations reversibly diversify into heterophenotypic mobile and non-mobile cells independently of environmental conditions, likely driven by stochastic gene expression. Mobile cells grow faster but are stress-sensitive, while non-mobile cells prioritise stress resistance over growth. This is due to shifts from growth-promoting activities (cell division, photosynthesis) to resilience-promoting processes (thickened cell wall, cell enlargement, aggregation, accumulation of antioxidant and energy-storing compounds). Our results provide empirical evidence for bet hedging in a microalga, indicating the potential for adaptation to current and future environmental conditions and consequently conservation of ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Tang
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jianming Zhu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xueyu Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | | | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
- Technology Innovation Center for Marine Ecology and Human Factor Assessment of Natural Resources Ministry, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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8
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Srivastava A, Thapa S, Chakdar H, Babele PK, Shukla P. Cyanobacterial myxoxanthophylls: biotechnological interventions and biological implications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:63-77. [PMID: 36137567 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria safeguard their photosynthetic machinery from oxidative damage caused by adverse environmental factors such as high-intensity light. Together with many photoprotective compounds, they contain myxoxanthophylls, a rare group of glycosidic carotenoids containing a high number of conjugated double bonds. These carotenoids have been shown to: have strong photoprotective effects, contribute to the integrity of the thylakoid membrane, and upregulate in cyanobacteria under a variety of stress conditions. However, their metabolic potential has not been fully utilized in the stress biology of cyanobacteria and the pharmaceutical industry due to a lack of mechanistic understanding and their insufficient biosynthesis. This review summarizes current knowledge on: biological function, genetic regulation, biotechnological production, and pharmaceutical potential of myxoxanthophyll, with a focus on strain engineering and parameter optimization strategies for increasing their cellular content. The summarized knowledge can be utilized in cyanobacterial metabolic engineering to improve the stress tolerance of useful strains and enhance the commercial-scale synthesis of myxoxanthophyll for pharmaceutical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States of America
| | - Shobit Thapa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, India
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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9
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Seo S, Chang KS, Choi MS, Jin E. Overexpression of PtVDL1 in Phaeodactylum tricornutum Increases Fucoxanthin Content under Red Light. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:198-206. [PMID: 37957112 PMCID: PMC10840463 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom with significant biotechnological applications, including enhancing biomass, biofuel, and carotenoid production. Specifically, owing to the capacity of this organism to serve as a valuable source of essential raw materials for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, ongoing research is actively focused on enhancing its productivity. One of the genes involved in various stages of fucoxanthin (Fx) biosynthesis, violaxanthin de-epoxidase like 1 (VDL1), has recently been identified. To validate the intracellular function of this gene and boost Fx production through overexpression, we established and examined three transgenic P. tricornutum lines characterized by elevated P. tricortunum VDL1 ( PtVDL1) expression and evaluate their cell growth and Fx productivity. These transgenic lines exhibited substantially increased PtVDL1 mRNA and protein levels compared to the wild type (WT). Notably, the enzyme substrate violaxanthin was entirely depleted and could not be detected in the transformants, whereas it remained at constant levels in the WT. Interestingly, under standard white light conditions, Fx productivity in the transformants remained unchanged; however, but after 48 h of exposure to red light, it increased by up to 15%. These results indicate that PtVDL1-overexpressing P. tricornutum has industrial potential, particularly for enhancing Fx production under red light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbeom Seo
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Chang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Choi
- Korea Radio-Isotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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10
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Fan J, Zhang Y, Li W, Li Z, Zhang D, Mo Q, Cao M, Yuan J. Multidimensional Optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Carotenoid Overproduction. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2024; 6:0026. [PMID: 38213763 PMCID: PMC10777738 DOI: 10.34133/bdr.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial synthesis of carotenoids is a highly desirable alternative to plant extraction and chemical synthesis. In this study, we investigated multidimensional strategies to improve the carotenoid synthesis in the industrial workhorse of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, we rewired the yeast central metabolism by optimizing non-oxidative glycolysis pathway for an improved acetyl-CoA supply. Second, we restricted the consumption of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) by the down-regulation of squalene synthase using the PEST degron. Third, we further explored the human lipid binding/transfer protein saposin B (hSapB)-mediated metabolic sink for an enhanced storage of lipophilic carotenoids. Last, the copper-induced GAL expression system was engineered to function in the yeast-peptone-dextrose medium for an increased biomass accumulation. By combining the abovementioned strategies, the final engineered yeast produced 166.79 ± 10.43 mg/l β-carotene in shake flasks, which was nearly 5-fold improvement of the parental carotenoid-producing strain. Together, we envision that multidimensional strategies reported here might be applicable to other hosts for the future industrial development of carotenoid synthesis from renewable feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Danli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qiwen Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
- Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
- Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City,
Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
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11
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Cunningham EM, O'Kane AP, Ford L, Sheldrake GN, Cuthbert RN, Dick JTA, Maggs CA, Walsh PJ. Temporal patterns of fucoxanthin in four species of European marine brown macroalgae. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22241. [PMID: 38097682 PMCID: PMC10721839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are a rich source of carotenoids, particularly fucoxanthin, which has a wide range of potential health applications. Fucoxanthin fluctuates within and among seaweeds over time, frustrating efforts to utilise this resource. Thus, we require comprehensive analyses of long- and short-term concentrations across species in field conditions. Here, we used High Performance Liquid Chromatography to compare fucoxanthin content in four brown macroalgae, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus and Saccharina latissima, monthly for 1 year. F. serratus and F. vesiculosus had significantly higher fucoxanthin content (mg/g), which was highest in Spring (0.39 ± 0.04) and Autumn (0.45 ± 0.04) [mean (± SE)]. Two species, A. nodosum and F. serratus, were collected monthly at the same location for a further two non-consecutive years. For both A. nodosum and F. serratus, a significant interaction effect of seasons and years was identified, highlighting that there is variation in fucoxanthin content among and within species over time. We also show that fucoxanthin content differs significantly among months even within seasons. Therefore, it is not sufficient to assess fucoxanthin in single months to represent seasonality. We discuss how weather, nutrients and reproduction may have driven the seasonal variation, and reveal patterns of fucoxanthin concentration that can provide information concerning its availability for many important medical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan M Cunningham
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5GA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry, BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aaron P O'Kane
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5GA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lauren Ford
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gary N Sheldrake
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5GA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry, BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jaimie T A Dick
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry, BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Christine A Maggs
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry, BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Pamela J Walsh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5GA, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry, BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK.
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12
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Cutolo EA, Caferri R, Campitiello R, Cutolo M. The Clinical Promise of Microalgae in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Natural Compounds to Recombinant Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:630. [PMID: 38132951 PMCID: PMC10745133 DOI: 10.3390/md21120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an invalidating chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and progressive bone damage. Dietary intervention is an important component in the treatment of RA to mitigate oxidative stress, a major pathogenic driver of the disease. Alongside traditional sources of antioxidants, microalgae-a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes-are emerging as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory food supplements. Several species accumulate therapeutic metabolites-mainly lipids and pigments-which interfere in the pro-inflammatory pathways involved in RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions. The advancement of the clinical uses of microalgae requires the continuous exploration of phytoplankton biodiversity and chemodiversity, followed by the domestication of wild strains into reliable producers of said metabolites. In addition, the tractability of microalgal genomes offers unprecedented possibilities to establish photosynthetic microbes as light-driven biofactories of heterologous immunotherapeutics. Here, we review the evidence-based anti-inflammatory mechanisms of microalgal metabolites and provide a detailed coverage of the genetic engineering strategies to enhance the yields of endogenous compounds and to develop innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Campitiello
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
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13
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Kadri MS, Singhania RR, Anisha GS, Gohil N, Singh V, Patel AK, Patel AK. Microalgal lutein: Advancements in production, extraction, market potential, and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129808. [PMID: 37806362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lutein, a bioactive xanthophyll, has recently attracted significant attention for numerous health benefits, e.g., protection of eye health, macular degeneration, and acute and chronic syndromes etc. Microalgae have emerged as the best platform for high-value lutein production with high productivity, lutein content, and scale-up potential. Algal lutein possesses numerous bioactivities, hence widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, aquaculture, cosmetics, etc. This review highlights advances in upstream lutein production enhancement and feasible downstream extraction and cell disruption techniques for a large-scale lutein biorefinery. Besides bioprocess-related advances, possible solutions for existing production challenges in microalgae-based lutein biorefinery, market potential, and emerging commercial scopes of lutein and its potential health applications are also discussed. The key enzymes involved in the lutein biosynthesizing Methyl-Erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway have been briefly described. This review provides a comprehensive updates on lutein research advancements covering scalable upstream and downstream production strategies and potential applications for researchers and industrialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sibtain Kadri
- Department of Education and Human Potential Development, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, 382715, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Kumar Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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Schomaker RA, Richardson TL, Dudycha JL. Consequences of light spectra for pigment composition and gene expression in the cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3280-3297. [PMID: 37845005 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Algae with a more diverse suite of pigments can, in principle, exploit a broader swath of the light spectrum through chromatic acclimation, the ability to maximize light capture via plasticity of pigment composition. We grew Rhodomonas salina in wide-spectrum, red, green, and blue environments and measured how pigment composition differed. We also measured expression of key light-capture and photosynthesis-related genes and performed a transcriptome-wide expression analysis. We observed the highest concentration of phycoerythrin in green light, consistent with chromatic acclimation. Other pigments showed trends inconsistent with chromatic acclimation, possibly due to feedback loops among pigments or high-energy light acclimation. Expression of some photosynthesis-related genes was sensitive to spectrum, although expression of most was not. The phycoerythrin α-subunit was expressed two-orders of magnitude greater than the β-subunit even though the peptides are needed in an equimolar ratio. Expression of genes related to chlorophyll-binding and phycoerythrin concentration were correlated, indicating a potential synthesis relationship. Pigment concentrations and expression of related genes were generally uncorrelated, implying post-transcriptional regulation of pigments. Overall, most differentially expressed genes were not related to photosynthesis; thus, examining associations between light spectrum and other organismal functions, including sexual reproduction and glycolysis, may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tammi L Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- School of the Earth, Ocean, & Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffry L Dudycha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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15
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Hong Y, Yang L, You X, Zhang H, Xin X, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Effects of light quality on microalgae cultivation: bibliometric analysis, mini-review, and regulation approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31192-2. [PMID: 38015404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing concern for energy shortages and greenhouse effect has triggered the development of sustainable green technologies. Microalgae have received more attention due to the characteristics of biofuel production and CO2 fixation. From the perspective of autotrophic growth, the optimization of light quality has the potential to promote biomass production and bio-component accumulation in microalgae at low cost. In this study, bibliometric analysis was used to describe the basic features, identify the hotspots, and predict future trends of the research related to the light quality on microalgae cultivation. In addition, a mini-review referring to regulation methods of light quality was provided to optimize the framework of research. Results demonstrated that China has the greatest interest in this area. The destination of most research was to obtain biofuels and high-value-added products. Both blue and red lights were identified as the crucial spectrums for microalgae cultivation. However, sunlight is the most affordable light resource, which could not be fully utilized by microalgae through the photosynthetic process. Hence, some regulation approaches (e.g., dyes, plasmonic scattering, and carbon-based quantum dots) are proposed to increase the proportion of beneficial spectrum for enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. In summary, this review introduces state-of-the-art research and provides theoretical guidance for light quality optimization in microalgae cultivation to obtain more benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaogang You
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haigeng Zhang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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16
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Matthews JL, Hoch L, Raina JB, Pablo M, Hughes DJ, Camp EF, Seymour JR, Ralph PJ, Suggett DJ, Herdean A. Symbiodiniaceae photophysiology and stress resilience is enhanced by microbial associations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20724. [PMID: 38007500 PMCID: PMC10676399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiodiniaceae form associations with extra- and intracellular bacterial symbionts, both in culture and in symbiosis with corals. Bacterial associates can regulate Symbiodiniaceae fitness in terms of growth, calcification and photophysiology. However, the influence of these bacteria on interactive stressors, such as temperature and light, which are known to influence Symbiodiniaceae physiology, remains unclear. Here, we examined the photophysiological response of two Symbiodiniaceae species (Symbiodinium microadriaticum and Breviolum minutum) cultured under acute temperature and light stress with specific bacterial partners from their microbiome (Labrenzia (Roseibium) alexandrii, Marinobacter adhaerens or Muricauda aquimarina). Overall, bacterial presence positively impacted Symbiodiniaceae core photosynthetic health (photosystem II [PSII] quantum yield) and photoprotective capacity (non-photochemical quenching; NPQ) compared to cultures with all extracellular bacteria removed, although specific benefits were variable across Symbiodiniaceae genera and growth phase. Symbiodiniaceae co-cultured with M. aquimarina displayed an inverse NPQ response under high temperatures and light, and those with L. alexandrii demonstrated a lowered threshold for induction of NPQ, potentially through the provision of antioxidant compounds such as zeaxanthin (produced by Muricauda spp.) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP; produced by this strain of L. alexandrii). Our co-culture approach empirically demonstrates the benefits bacteria can deliver to Symbiodiniaceae photochemical performance, providing evidence that bacterial associates can play important functional roles for Symbiodiniaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Matthews
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| | - Lilian Hoch
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Marine Pablo
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - David J Hughes
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma F Camp
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- KAUST Reefscape Restoration Initiative (KRRI) and Red Sea Reseach Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, 23955, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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17
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Holzinger A, Plag N, Karsten U, Glaser K. Terrestrial Trentepohlia sp. (Ulvophyceae) from alpine and coastal collection sites show strong desiccation tolerance and broad light and temperature adaptation. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1539-1553. [PMID: 37291393 PMCID: PMC10590310 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For the present study, we collected the Ulvophyceae species Trentepohlia aurea from limestone rock near Berchtesgaden, Germany, and the closely related taxa T. umbrina from Tilia cordata tree bark and T. jolithus from concrete wall both in Rostock, Germany. Freshly sampled material stained with Auramine O, DIOC6, and FM 1-43 showed an intact physiological status. Cell walls were depicted with calcofluor white and Carbotrace. When subjected to three repeated and controlled cycles of desiccation over silica gel (~ 10% relative humidity) followed by rehydration, T. aurea recovered about 50% of the initial photosynthetic yield of photosystem II (YII). In contrast, T. umbrina and T. jolithus recovered to 100% of the initial YII. HPLC and GC analysis of compatible solutes found highest proportions of erythritol in T. umbrina and mannitol/arabitol in T. jolithus. The lowest total compatible solute concentrations were detected in T. aurea, while the C/N ratio was highest in this species, indicative of nitrogen limitation. The prominent orange to red coloration of all Trentepohlia was due to extremely high carotenoid to Chl a ratio (15.9 in T. jolithus, 7.8 in T. aurea, and 6.6. in T. umbrina). Photosynthetic oxygen production was positive up to ~ 1500 µmol photons m-2 s-1 with the highest Pmax and alpha values in T. aurea. All strains showed a broad temperature tolerance with optima for gross photosynthesis between 20 and 35 °C. The presented data suggest that all investigated Trentepohlia species are well adapted to their terrestrial lifestyle on exposed to sunlight on a vertical substrate with little water holding capacity. Nevertheless, the three Trentepohlia species differed concerning their desiccation tolerance and compatible solute concentrations. The lower compatible solute contents in T. aurea explain the incomplete recovery of YII after rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Niklas Plag
- Applied Phycology and Ecology, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Phycology and Ecology, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karin Glaser
- Applied Phycology and Ecology, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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18
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Lackmann AR, Black SA, Bielak-Lackmann ES, Lackmann JA. Centenarian lifespans of three freshwater fish species in Arizona reveal the exceptional longevity of the buffalofishes (Ictiobus). Sci Rep 2023; 13:17401. [PMID: 37864074 PMCID: PMC10589290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During the 1910s three buffalofish species (Catostomidae: Ictiobus cyprinellus, I. bubalus, I. niger) were reared in ponds along the Mississippi River. Individuals of these buffalofishes were transported to locations across the United States to support or establish commercial fisheries, including Roosevelt Lake, Arizona in 1918. During the 1930s-1960s a commercial fishery existed on Roosevelt Lake, ending by 1970. Scarce information exists on Arizona buffalofishes since. From 2018 to 2023 we studied buffalofishes from nearby Apache Lake (adjacent and downstream of Roosevelt Lake) in collaboration with anglers. Here we show that > 90% of buffalofishes captured from Apache Lake are more than 80 years old and that some of the original buffalofishes from the Arizona stocking in 1918 are likely still alive. Using unique markings on old-age buffalofishes, we demonstrate how individuals are identified and inform dozens of recaptures. We now know all species of USA Ictiobus can live more than 100 years, making it the only genus of animal besides marine rockfishes (Sebastes) for which three or more species have been shown to live > 100 years. Our citizen-science collaboration has revealed remarkable longevity for freshwater fishes and has fundamentally redefined our understanding of the genus Ictiobus itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R Lackmann
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Minnesota Duluth, 140 Solon Campus Center, 1117 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, SSB 207, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
| | | | - Ewelina S Bielak-Lackmann
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, SSB 207, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Lackmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dept. 2715, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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19
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Liang H, Chen H, Liu X, Wang Z, Li P, Lu S. Heterologous Production in the Synechocystis Chassis Suggests the Biosynthetic Pathway of Astaxanthin in Cyanobacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1826. [PMID: 37891905 PMCID: PMC10604110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid species with the highest antioxidant capability. Its natural resource is very rare. The biosynthesis of astaxanthin from β-carotene includes a hydroxylation step and a ketolation step, for which the corresponding enzymes have been characterized in a few species. However, the sequence of these two reactions is unclear, and may vary with different organisms. In this study, we aimed to elucidate this sequence in Synechocystis, which is an ideal cyanobacterial synthetic biology chassis. We first silenced the endogenous carotene oxygenase gene SyneCrtO to avoid its possible interference in the carotenoid metabolic network. We then introduced the β-carotene ketolase gene from Haematococcus pluvialis (HpBKT) and the CrtZ-type carotene β-hydroxylase gene from Pantoea agglomerans (PaCrtZ) to this δCrtO strain. Our pigment analysis demonstrated that both the endogenous CrtR-type carotene hydroxylase SyneCrtR and HpBKT have the preference to use β-carotene as their substrate for hydroxylation and ketolation reactions to produce zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, respectively. However, the endogenous SyneCrtR is not able to further catalyze the 3,3'-hydroxylation of canthaxanthin to generate astaxanthin. From our results, a higher accumulation of canthaxanthin and a much lower level of astaxanthin, as confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, were detected in our transgenic BKT+/CrtZ+/δCrtO cells. Therefore, we proposed that the bottleneck for the heterologous production of astaxanthin in Synechocystis might exist at the hydroxylation step, which requires a comprehensive screening or genetic engineering for the corresponding carotene hydroxylase to enable the industrial production of astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hongjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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20
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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21
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Salman JM, Majrashi N, Hassan FM, Al-Sabri A, Abdul-Adel Jabar E, Ameen F. Cultivation of blue green algae (Arthrospira platensis Gomont, 1892) in wastewater for biodiesel production. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 335:139107. [PMID: 37270039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The production of biodiesel has become an important issue in the effort to reduce gas emissions due to the climate change crisis; therefore, algae have widely used to produce biodiesel for energy sustainability. The present study represented an effort to assess the ability of the alga Arthrospira platensis to produce fatty acids involved in biofuel (diesel) by cultivation in Zarrouk media enriched with different municipal wastewater concentrations. Wastewater was used in different concentrations (5, 15, 25, 35 and 100% [control]). Five fatty acids from the alga were determined and included in the present study. These were inoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Impact of different cultivation conditions were studied in terms of observed changes in growth rate, doubling time, total carbohydrate, total protein, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycobiliproteins. Results showed an increase in the values of growth rate, total protein content, chlorophyll a, and levels of carotenoids at all treatments except for carbohydrate content, which decreased with an increasing concentration of wastewater. The high value of doubling time (11.605 days) was recorded at treatment 5%. Fatty acids yields were increased at treatment 5% and 15%. The highest concentrations of fatty acids were 3.108 mg/g for oleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid (28.401 mg/g), docosahexaenoic acid (41.707 mg/g), palmitic acid (1.305 mg/g), and linoleic acid (0.296 mg/g). Moreover, the range of phycocyanin (0.017-0.084 mg/l), allophycocyanin (0.023-0.095 mg/l), and phycobiliproteins (0.041-0.180 mg/l) were obtained in treatment with 15-100%, respectively. Cultivation with municipal wastewater reduced the values of nitrate, phosphate, and electrical conductivity as well as increased dissolved oxygen. Maximum electrical conductivity was recorded in untreated wastewater with algae, while the highest level of dissolved oxygen was noted at 35% concentration. The use of the household wastewater is more environmentally friendly as an alternative of the traditional cultivation techniques used for long-term for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najwa Majrashi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fikrat M Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science for Woman, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Al-Sabri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Aladdin LM, Muhammad KR, Anwer SS, Sdiq KH. Extraction and comparative study of seasonal antioxidant activity using Nostoc species isolated from Gali Ali Bag, Erbil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2001-2009. [PMID: 37314692 PMCID: PMC10484870 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal variation of water, antioxidant activities as algal pigments, total antioxidant activities, DPPH, total phenolic compound using three solvents, methanol, acetone, and diethyl ether, of two algal species, N. commune and N. muscarum, were assessed. They also determined the physio-chemical and bacteriological water characteristics at the Gali Ali Bag. A significant variation were observed with an obvious correlation in water quality parameters in different seasons, generally raised in summer and reduced in winter. The two algal species show a higher accumulation of photosynthetic and accessory pigments in spring and summer and a significant decrease in winter. Antioxidant capacity in both algal species was analyzed by a three-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. However, the contents were significant for all solvents. Moreover, N. muscarum shows the highest capacity in winter and reduced in summer for DPPH; however, the opposite pattern shows by N. commune. Although the total phenolic content of N. commune recorded a significant relation, N. muscarum was non-significant. The Cyanophyta algae show prominent growth responses and antioxidant activities and are better adapted to changing climatic conditions. Due to their prompt responses, even to minor changes in the aquatic environment, they can be used as ecological indicators in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohamed Aladdin
- Hawler Medical University-College of Health Sciences, Medical Microbiology Department, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Kwestan Rafat Muhammad
- Hawler Medical University-College of Health Sciences, Clinical biochemistry Department, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
- Gasha Technical Institute, Nursing Department, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sewgil Sadduldeen Anwer
- Hawler Medical University-College of Health Sciences, Clinical biochemistry Department, Erbil, KRG, Iraq.
- Catholic University, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Erbil, KRG, Iraq.
| | - Kwestan Hassan Sdiq
- Hawler Medical University-College of Health Sciences, Medical Microbiology Department, Erbil, KRG, Iraq
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23
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Chen Y, Du H, Liang H, Hong T, Li T. Enhanced Carotenoid Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Overexpression of Endogenousand Exogenous Beta-Carotene Ketolase ( BKT) Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11382. [PMID: 37511141 PMCID: PMC10379168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga that can grow heterotrophically by using acetate as a carbon source. Carotenoids are natural pigments with biological activity and color, which have functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vision protection, etc., and have high commercial value and prospects. We transformed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with the BKT genes from Phaffia rhodozyma (PrBKT) and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrBKT) via plasmid vector, and screened out the stable transformed algal strains C18 and P1. Under the condition that the cell density of growth was not affected, the total carotenoid content of C18 and P1 was 2.13-fold and 2.20-fold higher than that of the WT, respectively. CrBKT increased the levels of β-carotene and astaxanthin by 1.84-fold and 1.21-fold, respectively, while PrBKT increased them by 1.11-fold and 1.27-fold, respectively. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of C18 and P1 showed that the overexpression of CrBKT only up-regulated the transcription level of BKT and LCYE (the gene of lycopene e-cyclase). However, in P1, overexpression of PrBKT also led to the up-regulation of ZDS (the gene of ζ-carotene desaturase) and CHYB (the gene of β-carotene hydroxylase). Metabolome results showed that the relative content of canthaxanthin, an intermediate metabolite of astaxanthin synthesis in C18 and P1, decreased. The overall results indicate that there is a structural difference between CrBKT and PrBKT, and overexpression of PrBKT in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii seems to cause more genes in carotenoid pathway metabolism to be up-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Honghao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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24
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González-Cardoso MA, Cerón-García MC, Navarro-López E, Molina-Miras A, Sánchez-Mirón A, Contreras-Gómez A, García-Camacho F. Alternatives to classic solvents for the isolation of bioactive compounds from Chrysochromulina rotalis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:129057. [PMID: 37059341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a sequential partitioning method for isolating bioactive compounds from Chrysochromulina rotalis using a polarity gradient, replacing classic and hazardous solvents with greener alternatives. Seventeen solvents were evaluated based on their Hansen solubility parameters and for having a similar polarity to the solvents they would replace, four of which were selected as substitutes in the classic fractionation process. Considering the fatty acid and carotenoid recovery yields obtained for each of the solvents, it has been proposed to replace hexane (HEX), toluene (TOL), dichloromethane (DCM) and n-butanol (BUT) with cyclohexane, chlorobenzene, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol, respectively. In addition, cytotoxic activity was observed when the TOL and DCM solvent extracts were tested against tumour cell lines, demonstrating the antiproliferative potential of compounds containing, for example, fucoxanthin, fatty acids, peptides, isoflavonoids or terpenes, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL) University of Almería, Spain.
| | - E Navarro-López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL) University of Almería, Spain
| | - A Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL) University of Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL) University of Almería, Spain
| | - A Contreras-Gómez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL) University of Almería, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain; Research Center in Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL) University of Almería, Spain
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25
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Halary S, Duperron S, Kim Tiam S, Duval C, Bernard C, Marie B. Intra-population genomic diversity of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon gracile, at low spatial scale. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:57. [PMID: 37280295 PMCID: PMC10244403 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria that perform a substantial part of the global primary production. Some species are responsible for catastrophic environmental events, called blooms, which have become increasingly common in lakes and freshwater bodies as a consequence of global changes. Genotypic diversity is considered essential for marine cyanobacterial population, allowing it to cope with spatio-temporal environmental variations and to adapt to specific micro-niches in the ecosystem. This aspect is underestimated in the study of bloom development, however, and given little notice in studies of the ecology of harmful cyanobacteria. Here we compared the genomes of four strains of Aphanizomenon gracile, a species of filamentous toxinogenic cyanobacteria (Nostocales) found worldwide in fresh and brackish water. Millimeter-sized fascicles were isolated from a single water sample and have been maintained in culture since 2010. A comparative study revealed extensive heterogeneity in gene contents, despite similar genome size and high similarity indices. These variations were mainly associated with mobile genetic elements and biosynthetic gene clusters. For some of the latter, metabolomic analysis confirmed the production of related secondary metabolites, such as cyanotoxins and carotenoids, which are thought to play a fundamental role in the cyanobacterial fitness. Altogether, these results demonstrated that an A. gracile bloom could be a highly diverse population at low spatial scale and raised questions about potential exchanges of essential metabolites between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Halary
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR7245 Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, 12 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Sébastien Duperron
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR7245 Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, 12 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Kim Tiam
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR7245 Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, 12 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
- UMR5557 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Charlotte Duval
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR7245 Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, 12 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Bernard
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR7245 Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, 12 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Marie
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, UMR7245 Mécanismes de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, 12 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
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26
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Natesungnoen M, Pongrakhananon V, Lindblad P, Jantaro S. Overexpressing Carotenoid Biosynthetic Genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Improved Intracellular Pigments and Antioxidant Activity, Which Can Decrease the Viability and Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119370. [PMID: 37298323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the antioxidant system in cyanobacteria, non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as carotenoids, are considered good candidates for coping with oxidative stress, particularly light stress, and pharmaceutical therapeutic applications. A significant amount of carotenoid accumulation has been recently improved by genetic engineering. In this study, to achieve higher carotenoid production with higher antioxidant activity, we successfully constructed five Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strains overexpressing (OX) native genes related to the carotenoids biosynthetic pathway, including OX_CrtB, OX_CrtP, OX_CrtQ, OX_CrtO, and OX_CrtR. All of the engineered strains maintained a significant quantity of myxoxanthophyll, while increasing zeaxanthin and echinenone accumulation. In addition, higher components of zeaxanthin and echinenone were noted in all OX strains, ranging from 14 to 19% and from 17 to 22%, respectively. It is worth noting that the enhanced echinenone component responded to low light conditions, while the increased β-carotene component contributed to a high light stress response. According to the higher antioxidant activity of all OX strains, the carotenoid extracts presented lower IC50 in lung cancer cell lines H460 and A549, with values less than 157 and 139 µg/mL, respectively, when compared with those of WTc, particularly OX_CrtR and OX_CrtQ. A higher proportion of zeaxanthin and β-carotene in OX_CrtR and OX_CrtQ, respectively, may considerably contribute to the ability to treat lung cancer cells with antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maturin Natesungnoen
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Saowarath Jantaro
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Peltomaa E, Asikainen H, Blomster J, Pakkanen H, Rigaud C, Salmi P, Taipale S. Phytoplankton group identification with chemotaxonomic biomarkers: In combination they do better. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 209:113624. [PMID: 36871900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxonomic biomarkers are needed to monitor and evaluate the nutritional quality of phytoplankton communities. The biomolecules produced by different phytoplankton species do not always follow genetic phylogeny. Therefore, we analyzed fatty acids, sterols, and carotenoids from 57 freshwater phytoplankton strains to evaluate the usability of these biomolecules as chemotaxonomic biomarkers. We found 29 fatty acids, 34 sterols, and 26 carotenoids in our samples. The strains were grouped into cryptomonads, cyanobacteria, diatoms, dinoflagellates, golden algae, green algae, and raphidophytes, and the phytoplankton group explained 61%, 54%, and 89% of the variability of fatty acids, sterols, and carotenoids, respectively. Fatty acid and carotenoid profiles distinguished most phytoplankton groups, but not flawlessly. For example, fatty acids could not distinguish golden algae and cryptomonads, whereas carotenoids did not separate diatoms and golden algae. The sterol composition was heterogeneous but seemed to be useful for distinguishing different genera within a phytoplankton group. The chemotaxonomy biomarkers yielded optimal genetic phylogeny when the fatty acids, sterols, and carotenoids were used together in multivariate statistical analysis. Our results suggest that the accuracy of phytoplankton composition modeling could be enhanced by combining these three biomolecule groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peltomaa
- Department of Forest Sciences, Latokartanonkaari 7, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - H Asikainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - J Blomster
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - H Pakkanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - C Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - P Salmi
- Spectral Imaging Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, Mattilanniemi 2, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - S Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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28
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Magwaza SN, Islam MS. Roles of Marine Macroalgae or Seaweeds and Their Bioactive Compounds in Combating Overweight, Obesity and Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040258. [PMID: 37103396 PMCID: PMC10142144 DOI: 10.3390/md21040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are matters of serious concern in the health sector due to their rapid increase in prevalence over the last three decades. Obesity is a severe metabolic problem that results in energy imbalance that is persistent over a long period of time, and it is characterized by insulin resistance, suggesting a strong association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The available therapies for these diseases have side effects and some still need to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they are expensive for underdeveloped countries. Hence, the need for natural anti-obesity and anti-diabetic drugs has increased in recent years due to their lower costs and having virtually no or negligible side effects. This review thoroughly examined the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of various marine macroalgae or seaweeds and their bioactive compounds in different experimental settings. According to the findings of this review, seaweeds and their bioactive compounds have been shown to have strong potential to alleviate obesity and diabetes in both in vitro and in vivo or animal-model studies. However, the number of clinical trials in this regard is limited. Hence, further studies investigating the effects of marine algal extracts and their bioactive compounds in clinical settings are required for developing anti-obesity and anti-diabetic medicines with better efficacy but lower or no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S'thandiwe Nozibusiso Magwaza
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
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Agarwal A, Selvam A, Majood M, Agrawal O, Chakrabarti S, Mukherjee M. Carbon nanosheets to unravel the production of bioactive compounds from microalgae: A robust approach in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103586. [PMID: 37080385 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The conglomeration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has influenced the development of life-saving drugs. These APIs are customarily synthetic products, albeit with adverse side effects. Thus, to overcome the bottlenecks associated with synthetically derived APIs, the approach of photocatalytically obtaining bioactive compounds from natural ingredients has emerged. Amid the pool of photoactive nanomaterials, this short review emphasizes the intelligent strategy of exploiting photoactive carbon nanosheets to photocatalytically derive bioactive compounds from natural algal biomass to treat many acute or chronic medical conditions. Carbon nanosheets result in phototrophic harvesting of bioactive compounds from microalgae as a result of their being an effective biocatalyst that increases the rate of photosynthesis. To understand the clinical translation of bioactive compounds, the pharmacodynamics of algal bioactive compounds are highlighted to determine the practicality and feasibility of using this green approach for pharmaceutical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Abhyavartin Selvam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India; Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Misba Majood
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Omnarayan Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Sandip Chakrabarti
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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30
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The effect of solvent on the optical properties of myxoxanthophyll from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Dhaouafi J, Abidi A, Nedjar N, Romdhani M, Tounsi H, Sebai H, Balti R. Protective Effect of Tunisian Red Seaweed ( Corallina officinalis) Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231179906. [PMID: 37275392 PMCID: PMC10236256 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231179906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive respiratory disease whose diagnosis and physiopathogenesis are still poorly understood and for which, until recently, there were no effective treatments. Over the past few decades, many studies have demonstrated that marine macroalgae such as red seaweeds are potential alternative sources of useful bioactive compounds possessing various physiological and biological activities. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Corallina officinalis aqueous extract (COAE) against bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rat. Thus, Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 each: control, BLM (2 mg/kg), BLM/COAE-150 mg/kg and BLM/COAE-300 mg/kg once a day for 21 days. Obtained results showed that COAE is rich in phenolic compounds and exhibited relatively high antioxidant activity. COAE might significantly reduce the damage caused by BLM by rewarding the decline in weight and pulmonary index in rats given only BLM. Moreover, lungs, liver and kidneys lipid peroxidation, and sulfhydryl group levels were reversed significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the COAE-treated groups. BLM decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, while COAE administration increased the antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathologically, COAE attenuates the severity of the inflammatory lungs state caused by instillation of BLM in rats. These findings suggest that COAE can be a potential therapeutic candidate against BLM-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Dhaouafi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Bio-Resources Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro
N1158, Université Lille, INRAE, Université Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université
Artois, Université Littoral Côte
D’Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Anouar Abidi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Bio-Resources Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Naima Nedjar
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro
N1158, Université Lille, INRAE, Université Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université
Artois, Université Littoral Côte
D’Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Montassar Romdhani
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Bio-Resources Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro
N1158, Université Lille, INRAE, Université Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université
Artois, Université Littoral Côte
D’Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Laboratory of Human and
Experimental Pathological Anatomy, Pasteur Institute of
Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Bio-Resources Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Rafik Balti
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Bio-Resources Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
- Université Paris-Saclay,
CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et
de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
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Takahashi Y, Shimamoto K, Toyokawa C, Suzuki K, Osanai T. Gravity sedimentation of eukaryotic algae Euglena gracilis accelerated by ethanol cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3021-3032. [PMID: 36941437 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis (E. gracilis) is a unicellular microalga with various applications in medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, health supplement, and jet fuel production. Euglena possibly solves population growth and exhaustion of fossil resources. Efficient cell harvesting is needed for the industry, and the gravity sedimentation method is low cost and does not require any equipment, although it has low efficiency. This study showed that the gravity sedimentation of E. gracilis cells is improved by cultivation in the presence of ethanol (EtOH). The gravity sedimentation of E. gracilis cells cultivated under 0.5% or 1.0% EtOH conditions was faster than that cultivated without EtOH. The mean calculated cell diameter was also found to be largest in cells cultivated under 0.5% or 1.0% EtOH conditions compared to that in cells cultivated without EtOH. Intracellular paramylon content, cell shapes, and motility differed between cells cultivated under 0.5% or 1.0% EtOH conditions and in the absence of EtOH. The results suggest that E. gracilis cultivation with EtOH leads to increased cell productivity, paramylon production, and efficient cell harvesting. KEY POINTS: • Euglena gracilis is an edible microalga producing value-added metabolites. • Ethanol addition upregulates E. gracilis growth and paramylon accumulation. • Gravity sedimentation is accelerated by ethanol-grown E. gracilis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Takahashi
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimamoto
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Chihana Toyokawa
- euglena Co., Ltd., 5-33-1 Shiba, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- euglena Co., Ltd., 5-33-1 Shiba, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0014, Japan
- RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Osanai
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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Harsha Mohan E, Madhusudan S, Baskaran R. The sea lettuce Ulva sensu lato: Future food with health-promoting bioactives. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Zarekarizi A, Hoffmann L, Burritt DJ. The potential of manipulating light in the commercial production of carotenoids from algae. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Peña-Medina RL, Fimbres-Olivarría D, Enríquez-Ocaña LF, Martínez-Córdova LR, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL, López-Elías JA, González-Vega RI. Erythroprotective Potential of Phycobiliproteins Extracted from Porphyridium cruentum. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030366. [PMID: 36984806 PMCID: PMC10057957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are multiple associations between the different blood groups (ABO and RhD) and the incidence of oxidative stress-related diseases, such as certain carcinomas and COVID-19. Bioactive compounds represent an alternative to its prevention and treatment. Phycobiliproteins (PBP) are bioactive compounds present in the microalga Porphyridium cruentum and, despite its antioxidant activity, their inhibitory effect on hemolysis has not been reported. The aim of this work was to evaluate the erythroprotective potential of phycobiliproteins from P. cruentum in different blood groups. The microalga was cultured in F/2 medium under controlled laboratory conditions. Day 10 of culture was determined as the harvest point. The microalgal biomass was lyophilized and a methanolic (MetOH), Tris HCl (T-HCl), and a physiological solution (PS) ultrasound-assisted extraction were performed. Extract pigments were quantified by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated with the ABTS+•, DPPH•, and FRAP methods, finding that the main antioxidant mechanism on the aqueous extracts was HAT (hydrogen atom transfer), while for MetOH it was SET (single electron transfer). The results of the AAPH, hypotonicity, and heat-induced hemolysis revealed a probable relationship between the different antigens (ABO and RhD) with the antihemolytic effect, highlighting the importance of bio-directed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubria Lucía Peña-Medina
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Reforma S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Diana Fimbres-Olivarría
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Reforma S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.F.-O.); (R.I.G.-V.)
| | - Luis Fernando Enríquez-Ocaña
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Reforma S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Luis Rafael Martínez-Córdova
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Reforma S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food, University of Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - José Antonio López-Elías
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Blvd Luis Encinas y Reforma S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Iván González-Vega
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, Cienega University Center (CUCIÉNEGA), University of Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.F.-O.); (R.I.G.-V.)
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Takagi T, Aoyama K, Motone K, Aburaya S, Yamashiro H, Miura N, Inoue K. Mutualistic Interactions between Dinoflagellates and Pigmented Bacteria Mitigate Environmental Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0246422. [PMID: 36651852 PMCID: PMC9927270 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02464-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleractinian corals form symbiotic relationships with a variety of microorganisms, including endosymbiotic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, and with bacteria, which are collectively termed coral holobionts. Interactions between hosts and their symbionts are critical to the physiological status of corals. Coral-microorganism interactions have been studied extensively, but dinoflagellate-bacterial interactions remain largely unexplored. Here, we developed a microbiome manipulation method employing KAS-antibiotic treatment (kanamycin, ampicillin, and streptomycin) to favor pigmented bacteria residing on cultured Cladocopium and Durusdinium, major endosymbionts of corals, and isolated several carotenoid-producing bacteria from cell surfaces of the microalgae. Following KAS-antibiotic treatment of Cladocopium sp. strain NIES-4077, pigmented bacteria increased 8-fold based on colony-forming assays from the parental strain, and 100% of bacterial sequences retrieved through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were affiliated with the genus Maribacter. Microbiome manipulation enabled host microalgae to maintain higher maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (variable fluorescence divided by maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm]) under light-stress conditions, compared to the parental strain. Furthermore, by combining culture-dependent and -independent techniques, we demonstrated that species of the family Symbiodiniaceae and pigmented bacteria form strong interactions. Dinoflagellates protected bacteria from antibiotics, while pigmented bacteria protected microalgal cells from light stress via carotenoid production. Here, we describe for the first time a symbiotic relationship in which dinoflagellates and bacteria mutually reduce environmental stress. Investigations of microalgal-bacterial interactions further document bacterial contributions to coral holobionts and may facilitate development of novel techniques for microbiome-mediated coral reef conservation. IMPORTANCE Coral reefs cover less than 0.1% of the ocean floor, but about 25% of all marine species depend on coral reefs at some point in their life cycles. However, rising ocean temperatures associated with global climate change are a serious threat to coral reefs, causing dysfunction of the photosynthetic apparatus of endosymbiotic microalgae of corals, and overproducing reactive oxygen species harmful to corals. We manipulated the microbiome using an antibiotic treatment to favor pigmented bacteria, enabling their symbiotic microalgal partners to maintain higher photosynthetic function under insolation stress. Furthermore, we investigated mechanisms underlying microalgal-bacterial interactions, describing for the first time a symbiotic relationship in which the two symbionts mutually reduce environmental stress. Our findings extend current insights about microalgal-bacterial interactions, enabling better understanding of bacterial contributions to coral holobionts under stressful conditions and offering hope of reducing the adverse impacts of global warming on coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takagi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kako Aoyama
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Motone
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aburaya
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamashiro
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Sesoko Station, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Japan
| | - Natsuko Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Koji Inoue
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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Chen XH, Yang MK, Li YY, Xie ZX, Zhang SF, Töpel M, Amin SA, Lin L, Ge F, Wang DZ. Improving the genome and proteome annotations of the marine model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana using a proteogenomics strategy. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:102-115. [PMID: 37073328 PMCID: PMC10077189 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton that account for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation and 40% of marine primary productivity; thus, they are essential for global carbon biogeochemical cycling and climate. The availability of ten diatom genome sequences has facilitated evolutionary, biological and ecological research over the past decade; however, a complimentary map of the diatom proteome with direct measurements of proteins and peptides is still lacking. Here, we present a proteome map of the model marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana using high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with a proteogenomic strategy. In-depth proteomic profiling of three different growth phases and three nutrient-deficient samples identified 9526 proteins, accounting for ~ 81% of the predicted protein-coding genes. Proteogenomic analysis identified 1235 novel genes, 975 revised genes, 104 splice variants and 234 single amino acid variants. Furthermore, our quantitative proteomic analysis experimentally demonstrated that a considerable number of novel genes were differentially translated under different nutrient conditions. These findings substantially improve the genome annotation of T. pseudonana and provide insights into new biological functions of diatoms. This relatively comprehensive diatom proteome catalog will complement available diatom genome and transcriptome data to advance biological and ecological research of marine diatoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00161-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000 China
| | - Ming-Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Zhang-Xian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- IVL-Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Box 53021, 40014 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shady A. Amin
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China
| | - Feng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082 China
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Chekanov K. Diversity and Distribution of Carotenogenic Algae in Europe: A Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:108. [PMID: 36827149 PMCID: PMC9958874 DOI: 10.3390/md21020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are the richest source of natural carotenoids, which are valuable pigments with a high share of benefits. Often, carotenoid-producing algae inhabit specific biotopes with unfavorable or even extremal conditions. Such biotopes, including alpine snow fields and hypersaline ponds, are widely distributed in Europe. They can serve as a source of new strains for biotechnology. The number of algal species used for obtaining these compounds on an industrial scale is limited. The data on them are poor. Moreover, some of them have been reported in non-English local scientific articles and theses. This review aims to summarize existing data on microalgal species, which are known as potential carotenoid producers in biotechnology. These include Haematococcus and Dunaliella, both well-known to the scientific community, as well as less-elucidated representatives. Their distribution will be covered throughout Europe: from the Greek Mediterranean coast in the south to the snow valleys in Norway in the north, and from the ponds in Amieiro (Portugal) in the west to the saline lakes and mountains in Crimea (Ukraine) in the east. A wide spectrum of algal secondary carotenoids is reviewed: β-carotene, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone, adonixanthin, and adonirubin. For convenience, the main concepts of biology of carotenoid-producing algae are briefly explained.
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Ashokkumar V, Flora G, Sevanan M, Sripriya R, Chen WH, Park JH, Rajesh Banu J, Kumar G. Technological advances in the production of carotenoids and their applications- A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128215. [PMID: 36332858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments that are widely distributed in algae, fungi, bacteria, and plants. Carotenoids play a significant role in the food, feed, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. These pigments are effectively considered as a health-promoting compounds, which are widely used in our daily diet to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, acute lung injury, cataracts, neural disorders, etc. In this context, this review paper demonstrates the synthesis of carotenoids and their potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the demand for carotenoid production is increasing overtime, and the extraction and production are expensive and technically challenging. The recent developments in carotenoid biosynthesis, and key challenges, bottlenecks, and future perspectives were also discussed to enhance the circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory (BBBL), Center for Trandisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, SDC, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - G Flora
- Department of Botany, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Combatore, India
| | - R Sripriya
- Department of Zoology, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, India
| | - W H Chen
- Department Aeronautical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, South Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Chouhan N, Yadav RM, Pandey J, Subramanyam R. High light-induced changes in thylakoid supercomplexes organization from cyclic electron transport mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148917. [PMID: 36108725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The localization of carotenoids and macromolecular organization of thylakoid supercomplexes have not been reported yet in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii WT and cyclic electron transport mutants (pgrl1 and pgr5) under high light. Here, the various pigments, protein composition, and pigment-protein interactions were analyzed from the cells, thylakoids, and sucrose density gradient (SDG) fractions. Also, the supercomplexes of thylakoids were separated from BN-PAGE and SDG. The abundance of light-harvesting complex (LHC) II trimer complexes and pigment-pigment interaction were changed slightly under high light, shown by circular dichroism. However, a drastic change was seen in photosystem (PS)I-LHCI complexes than PSII complexes, especially in pgrl1 and pgr5. The lutein and β-carotene increased under high light in LHCII trimers compared to other supercomplexes, indicating that these pigments protected the LHCII trimers against high light. However, the presence of xanthophylls, lutein, and β-carotene was less in PSI-LHCI, indicating that pigment-protein complexes altered in high light. Even the real-time PCR data shows that the pgr5 mutant does not accumulate zeaxanthin dependent genes under high light, which shows that violaxanthin is not converting into zeaxanthin under high light. Also, the protein data confirms that the LHCSR3 expression is absent in pgr5, however it is presented in LHCII trimer in WT and pgrl1. Interestingly, some of the core proteins were aggregated in pgr5, which led to change in photosynthesis efficiency in high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chouhan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ranay Mohan Yadav
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jayendra Pandey
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Eze CN, Onyejiaka CK, Ihim SA, Ayoka TO, Aduba CC, Ndukwe JK, Nwaiwu O, Onyeaka H. Bioactive compounds by microalgae and potentials for the management of some human disease conditions. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:55-74. [PMID: 36891530 PMCID: PMC9988413 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biomasses are excellent sources of diverse bioactive compounds such as lipids, polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolics and phycobiliproteins. Large-scale production of these bioactive substances would require microalgae cultivation either in open-culture systems or closed-culture systems. Some of these bioactive compounds (such as polysaccharides, phycobiliproteins and lipids) are produced during their active growth phase. They appear to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective and chemo-preventive activities. These properties confer on microalgae the potential for use in the treatment and/or management of several neurologic and cell dysfunction-related disease conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), AIDS and COVID-19, as shown in this review. Although several health benefits have been highlighted, there appears to be a consensus in the literature that the field of microalgae is still fledgling, and more research needs to be carried out to ascertain the mechanisms of action that underpin the effectiveness of microalgal compounds. In this review, two biosynthetic pathways were modeled to help elucidate the mode of action of the bioactive compounds from microalgae and their products. These are carotenoid and phycobilin proteins biosynthetic pathways. The education of the public on the importance of microalgae backed with empirical scientific evidence will go a long way to ensure that the benefits from research investigations are quickly rolled out. The potential application of these microalgae to some human disease conditions was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Nwoye Eze
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria Nsukka
| | | | - Stella Amarachi Ihim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, University of Nigeria Nsukka
| | | | | | - Johnson K Ndukwe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka.,UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka
| | - Ogueri Nwaiwu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Lan Y, Song Y, Guo Y, Qiao D, Cao Y, Xu H. DsLCYB Directionally Modulated β-Carotene of the Green Alga Dunaliella salina under Red Light Stress. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1622-1631. [PMID: 36384973 PMCID: PMC9843872 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2208.08044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids, which are natural pigments found abundantly in wide-ranging species, have diverse functions and high industrial potential. The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is very complex and has multiple branches, while the accumulation of certain metabolites often affects other metabolites in this pathway. The DsLCYB gene that encodes lycopene cyclase was selected in this study to evaluate β-carotene production and the accumulation of β-carotene in the alga Dunaliella salina. Compared with the wild type, the transgenic algal species overexpressed the DsLCYB gene, resulting in a significant enhancement of the total carotenoid content, with the total amount reaching 8.46 mg/g for an increase of up to 1.26-fold. Interestingly, the production of α-carotene in the transformant was not significantly reduced. This result indicated that the regulation of DsLCYB on the metabolic flux distribution of carotenoid biosynthesis is directional. Moreover, the effects of different light-quality conditions on β-carotene production in D. salina strains were investigated. The results showed that the carotenoid components of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were 1.8-fold and 1.23-fold higher than that in the wild type under red light stress, respectively. This suggests that the accumulation of β-carotene under red light conditions is potentially more profitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Lan
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Yao Song
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Yihan Guo
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Dairong Qiao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China,Corresponding authors Y. Cao Phone: +86-28-85469573 E-mail:
| | - Hui Xu
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China,
H. Xu Phone: +86-28-85469573 E-mail:
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Microalgae as a Source of Valuable Phenolic Compounds and Carotenoids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248852. [PMID: 36557985 PMCID: PMC9783697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms that are widely used in the industry as cell factories to produce valuable substances, such as fatty acids (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), sterols (sitosterol), recombinant therapeutic proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, phenolic compounds (gallic acid, quercetin), and pigments (β-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein). Phenolic compounds and carotenoids, including those extracted from microalgae, possess beneficial bioactivities such as antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, and direct health-promoting effects, which may alleviate oxidative stress and age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. The production of valuable microalgal metabolites can be modified by using abiotic stressors, such as light, salinity, nutrient availability, and xenobiotics (for instance, phytohormones).
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Cazzaniga S, Perozeni F, Baier T, Ballottari M. Engineering astaxanthin accumulation reduces photoinhibition and increases biomass productivity under high light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:77. [PMID: 35820961 PMCID: PMC9277849 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Astaxanthin is a highly valuable ketocarotenoid with strong antioxidative activity and is natively accumulated upon environmental stress exposure in selected microorganisms. Green microalgae are photosynthetic, unicellular organisms cultivated in artificial systems to produce biomass and industrially relevant bioproducts. While light is required for photosynthesis, fueling carbon fixation processes, application of high irradiance causes photoinhibition and limits biomass productivity. Results Here, we demonstrate that engineered astaxanthin accumulation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii conferred high light tolerance, reduced photoinhibition and improved biomass productivity at high irradiances, likely due to strong antioxidant properties of constitutively accumulating astaxanthin. In competitive co-cultivation experiments, astaxanthin-rich Chlamydomonas reinhardtii outcompeted its corresponding parental background strain and even the fast-growing green alga Chlorella vulgaris. Conclusions Metabolic engineering inducing astaxanthin and ketocarotenoids accumulation caused improved high light tolerance and increased biomass productivity in the model species for microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Thus, engineering microalgal pigment composition represents a powerful strategy to improve biomass productivities in customized photobioreactors setups. Moreover, engineered astaxanthin accumulation in selected strains could be proposed as a novel strategy to outperform growth of other competing microalgal strains. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02173-3.
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Chen Y, Liang H, Du H, Jesumani V, He W, Cheong KL, Li T, Hong T. Industry chain and challenges of microalgal food industry-a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4789-4816. [PMID: 36377724 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2145455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the whole world is facing hunger due to the increase in the global population and the rising level of food consumption. Unfortunately, the impact of environmental, climate, and political issues on agriculture has resulted in limited global food resources. Thus, it is important to develop new food sources that are environmentally friendly and not subject to climate or space limitations. Microalgae represent a potential source of nutrients and bioactive components for a wide range of high-value products. Advances in cultivation and genetic engineering techniques provide prospective approaches to widen their application for food. However, there are currently problems in the microalgae food industry in terms of assessing nutritional value, selecting processes for microalgae culture, obtaining suitable commercial strains of microalgae, etc. Additionally, the limitations of real data of market opportunities for microalgae make it difficult to assess their actual potential and to develop a better industrial chain. This review addresses the current status of the microalgae food industry, the process of commercializing microalgae food and breeding methods. Current research progress in addressing the limitations of microalgae industrialization and future prospects for developing microalgae food products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Honghao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Valentina Jesumani
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiling He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Marine algae colorants: Antioxidant, anti-diabetic properties and applications in food industry. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Singh K, Krishna Paidi M, Kulshrestha A, Bharmoria P, Kumar Mandal S, Kumar A. Deep eutectic solvents based biorefining of Value-added chemicals from the diatom Thalassiosira andamanica at room temperature. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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48
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Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae as Antimelanoma Agents. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100618. [PMID: 36286442 PMCID: PMC9604797 DOI: 10.3390/md20100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells are highly invasive and metastatic tumor cells and commonly express molecular alterations that contribute to multidrug resistance (e.g., BRAFV600E mutation). Conventional treatment is not effective in a long term, requiring an exhaustive search for new alternatives. Recently, carotenoids from microalgae have been investigated as adjuvant in antimelanoma therapy due to their safety and acceptable clinical tolerability. Many of them are currently used as food supplements. In this review, we have compiled several studies that show microalgal carotenoids inhibit cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various melanoma cell lines. MAPK and NF-ĸB pathway, MMP and apoptotic factors are frequently affected after exposure to microalgal carotenoids. Fucoxanthin, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin are the main carotenoids investigated, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Preclinical data indicate these compounds exhibit direct antimelanoma effect but are also capable of restoring melanoma cells sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy (e.g., vemurafenib and dacarbazine).
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Dai JL, Song DX, Chen HH, Liang MH, Jiang JG. Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide on the Accumulation of Lipid and the Transcript Levels of DtMFPα in Dunaliella tertiolecta. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12074-12084. [PMID: 36122177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the sources of biodiesel, microalgae are expected to solve petroleum shortage. In this study, different concentrations of piperonyl butoxide were added to the culture medium to investigate their effects on the growth, pigment content, lipid accumulation, and content of carotenoids in Dunaliella tertiolecta. The results showed that piperonyl butoxide addition significantly decreased the biomass, chlorophyll content, and total carotenoid content but hugely increased the lipid accumulation. With the treatment of 150 ppm piperonyl butoxide combined with 8000 Lux light intensity, the final lipid accumulation and single-cell lipid content were further increased by 21.79 and 76.42% compared to those of the control, respectively. The lipid accumulation in D. tertiolecta is probably related to the increased expression of DtMFPα in D. tertiolecta under the action of piperonyl butoxide. The phylogenetic trees of D. tertiolecta and other oil-rich plants were constructed by multiple sequence alignment of DtMFPα, demonstrating their evolutionary relationship, and the tertiary structure of DtMFPα was predicted. In conclusion, piperonyl butoxide has a significant effect on lipid accumulation in D. tertiolecta, which provides valuable insights into chemical inducers to enhance biodiesel production in microalgae to solve the problem of diesel shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jv-Liang Dai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - De-Xing Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao-Hong Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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50
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Bouzidi NE, Grama SB, Khelef AE, Yang D, Li J. Inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities enhances carotenogenesis in microalga Dactylococcus dissociatus MT1. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1014604. [PMID: 36213061 PMCID: PMC9538356 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1014604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology has become a promising field of research for the production of valuable, sustainable and environmentally friendly byproducts, especially for carotenoids. Bulk accumulation of secondary carotenoids in microalgae are mostly induced by oxidative stress of cells. In this research, we investigated the effects of antioxidant enzyme activity inhibition on carotenogenesis in a microalga Dactylococcus dissociatus MT1. The activities of four major antioxidant enzyme families, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases (CAT), glutathione peroxydases (GPX) and ascorbate perxodases (APX), were inhibited by relevant inhibitors during the stressed cultivation of D. dissociatus to observe the effects on carotenogensis. A 91% decrease in activity was observed for CAT, comparing with controls without any inhibitors added, followed by 65%, 61%, and 47% for the enzymes SOD, APX, and GPX, respectively. Concomitantly, it was found that this partial inhibition had substantial influences on the accumulation of carotenoids, with the highest production levels obtained in CAT inhibition conditions and an increase of 2.6 times of carotenoid concentration observed, comparing with control cultivation conditions. We conclude that the modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities could lead to the overproduction of carotenoids in this microalgal cell culture, and we expect that this novel approach of optimizing carotenogenesis processes for D. dissociatus cell cultures could be transferrable to other cell culture systems and might have an important impact on the carotenoid production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elaimane Bouzidi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Biomolecules and Biotechnological Applications, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Samir Borhane Grama
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Biomolecules and Biotechnological Applications, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
- *Correspondence: Samir Borhane Grama , ; Jian Li ,
| | - Aboubakeur Essedik Khelef
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Biomolecules and Biotechnological Applications, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Duanpeng Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
- *Correspondence: Samir Borhane Grama , ; Jian Li ,
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