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Guan HR, Li B, Zhang ZH, Wu HS, Wang N, Chen XF, Zhou CL, Bian XR, Li L, Xu WF, He XL, Dong YJ, Jiang NH, Su J, Lv GY, Chen SH. Exploring the efficacy and mechanism of Bailing capsule to improve polycystic ovary syndrome in mice based on intestinal-derived LPS-TLR4 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118274. [PMID: 38697410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with reproductive dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, particularly characterized by insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. Multiple clinical studies have clearly demonstrated the significant efficacy and safety of the combination of Bailing capsules (BL) in the treatment of PCOS, but its pharmacological effects and mechanisms still require further study. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of BL on improving PCOS in mice and explore the mechanism. METHODS In this study, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) injection was administered alone and in combination with a high-fat and high-sugar diet to induce PCOS-like mouse. They were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (N), PCOS group (P), Bailing capsule low-dose group (BL-L), Bailing capsule high-dose group (BL-H) and Metformin + Daine-35 group (M + D). Firstly, the effects of BL on ovarian lesions, serum hormone levels, HOMA-IR, intestinal barrier function, inflammation levels, along with the expression of IRS1, PI3K, AKT, TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and Occludin of the ovary, liver and colon were investigated. Finally, the composition of the gut microbiome of fecal was tested. RESULTS The administration of BL significantly reduced body weight, improved hormone levels, improved IR, and attenuated pathological damage to ovarian tissues, up-regulated the expression of IRS1, PI3K, and AKT in liver. It also decreased serum LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, while downregulating the expression of Myd88, TLR4, and NF-κB p65. Additionally, BL improved intestinal barrier damage and upregulated the expression of Occludin. Interestingly, the abundance of norank_f__Muribaculacea and Lactobacillus was down-regulated, while the abundance of Akkermansia was significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSION The results of the study showed that BL exerts a treatment PCOS effect, which may be related to the modulation of the gut microbiota, the improvement of insulin resistance and the intestinal-derived LPS-TLR4 inflammatory pathway. Our research will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ru Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products. Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, PR China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Han-Song Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Xian-Fang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Xue-Ren Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Wan-Feng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Xing-Lishang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Ning-Hua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, PR China.
| | - Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China.
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China.
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products. Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, PR China.
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Bakhashab S, Batarfi AA, Alhartani MM, Turki R, Mady W. Genetic Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the APOA5 rs662799 and PLIN1 rs894160 Metabolic Variants in the Western Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study. Biomark Insights 2024; 19:11772719241258585. [PMID: 38887365 PMCID: PMC11181890 DOI: 10.1177/11772719241258585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological condition affecting women of reproductive age, associated with insulin resistance and obesity. PCOS pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Objectives This study aimed to determine and compare genotype and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5; rs662799) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1; rs894160, rs1052700 and rs6496589) genes in Western Saudi women to investigate their association with PCOS and its clinical characteristics. Design and methods This was a case-control study conducted on women with (n = 104) and without (n = 87) PCOS. The SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan genotyping assays. Results Significant and direct associations were detected between PCOS susceptibility and APOA5 SNP rs662799 and PLIN1 SNP rs894160 (P < .001). For APOA5 SNP rs662799, women with the A allele were more likely to have PCOS (relative risk [RR] = 1.348, odds ratio [OR] = 2.313, P < .001) and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 17.0, P = .5) than women with the G allele. For PLIN1 SNP rs894160, women with the T allele were more likely to have PCOS than women with the C allele (RR = 8.043, OR = 7.427, P < .001). For PLIN1 SNP rs1052700, women with the TT genotype were more likely to have hyperandrogenism (OR = 29.75, P = .02) and an irregular period (OR = 0.07, P = .040) than women with the AT genotype. Conclusion We identified novel alleles and genotypes contributing to the genetic risk of PCOS in the Western Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma A Batarfi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahinar M Alhartani
- College of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola Turki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wessam Mady
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Myers SH, Montanino Oliva M, Nordio M, Unfer V. PCOS phenotype focus: phenotype D under the magnifying glass. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2307-2313. [PMID: 38502188 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined as the combination of polycystic morphology, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory disruption; this heterogeneity presents a conundrum for the medical community. The Rotterdam criteria have governed the diagnosis of PCOS, separating the patient cohort into four distinct phenotypes. It has been suggested that the lone normoandrogenic phenotype, so-called phenotype D, should not be classified as a PCOS subtype, with phenotypes A, B, and C displaying a hyperandrogenic biochemical and clinical profile thought to be characteristic of PCOS. To understand how to treat phenotype D patients, this review shines a spotlight on the phenotype, gathering various reports of how phenotype D is differentiated from the other PCOS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Montanino Oliva
- The Experts Group On Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Spirito Hospital, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Nordio
- The Experts Group On Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161, Rome, Italy
- A.S.L. RMF, Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group On Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161, Rome, Italy.
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00156, Rome, Italy.
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Babu A, Devi Rajeswari V, Ganesh V, Das S, Dhanasekaran S, Usha Rani G, Ramanathan G. Gut Microbiome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Interplay of Associated Microbial-Metabolite Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1508-1520. [PMID: 38228976 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disease with an intricate etiology affecting reproductive-aged women. Despite attempts to unravel the pathophysiology, the molecular mechanism of PCOS remains unknown. There are no effective or suitable therapeutic strategies available to ameliorate PCOS; however, the symptoms can be managed. In recent years, a strong association has been found between the gut microbiome and PCOS, leading to the formulation of novel ideas on the genesis and pathological processes of PCOS. Further, gut microbiome dysbiosis involving microbial metabolites may trigger PCOS symptoms via many mechanistic pathways including those associated with carbohydrates, short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, bile acids, and gut-brain axis. We present the mechanistic pathways of PCOS-related microbial metabolites and therapeutic opportunities available to treat PCOS, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy. In addition, the current review highlights the emerging treatment strategies available to alleviate the symptoms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsha Babu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Ganesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekaran
- Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Raisan Village, PDPU Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - G Usha Rani
- Department of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Shivyari FT, Pakniat H, Nooshabadi MR, Rostami S, Haghighian HK, Shiri-Shahsavari MR. Examining the oleoylethanolamide supplement effects on glycemic status, oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-mullerian hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:111. [PMID: 38778429 PMCID: PMC11110282 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This clinical trial was designed and conducted due to the anti-inflammatory potential of Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) to examine the effect of OEA supplement on glycemic status, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHOD This study was a randomized clinical trial, double-blinded, placebo-controlled that was carried out on 90 women with PCOS. Patients were divided into two groups: receiving an OEA supplement (n = 45) or a placebo (n = 45). The intervention group received 125 mg/day OEA and the placebo group received the wheat flour for 8 weeks. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance (IR), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and AMH were measured before and after the study. RESULTS Data analysis of food recall and physical activity questionnaires, showed no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Biochemical factors including glycemic status, MDA, inflammatory factors, and AMH decreased significantly (p < 0.05). TAC increased remarkably (p < 0.05) in comparison between the two groups, after the intervention. CONCLUSION OEA supplement with anti-inflammatory characteristics could be efficient independent of diet changes and physical activity in improving disrupted biochemical factors, so both supplementation or food resources of this fatty acid could be considered as a compensatory remedy in patients with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was retrospectively (09-01-2022) registered in the Iranian website ( www.irct.ir ) for registration of clinical trials (IRCT20141025019669N20).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamideh Pakniat
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Shaghayegh Rostami
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Wang L, Luo M, Yu X, Li R, Ye F, Xiong D, Gong Y, Zheng M, Liu W, Zeng J. Assessing the clinical diagnostic value of anti-Müllerian hormone in polycystic ovarian syndrome and its correlation with clinical and metabolism indicators. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:78. [PMID: 38600539 PMCID: PMC11005241 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and relevant metabolic parameters and assessed its predictive value in the clinical diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). METHODS A total of 421 women aged 20-37 years were allocated to the PCOS (n = 168) and control (n = 253) groups, and their metabolic and hormonal parameters were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to investigate associations, binary logistic regression was used to determine PCOS risk factors, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive value of AMH in diagnosing PCOS. RESULTS The PCOS group demonstrated significantly higher blood lipid, luteinizing hormone (LH), and AMH levels than the control group. Glucose and lipid metabolism and hormonal disorders in the PCOS group were more significant than in the control group among individuals with and without obesity. LH, TSTO, and AMH were identified as independent risk factors for PCOS. AMH along with LH, and antral follicle count demonstrated a high predictive value for diagnosing PCOS. CONCLUSION AMH exhibited robust diagnostic use for identifying PCOS and could be considered a marker for screening PCOS to improve PCOS diagnostic accuracy. Attention should be paid to the effect of glucose and lipid metabolism on the hormonal and related parameters of PCOS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Mengjun Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Rong Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China.
| | - Jiuzhi Zeng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610045, China.
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Huang HYR, Badar S, Said M, Shah S, Bharadwaj HR, Ramamoorthy K, Alrawashdeh MM, Haroon F, Basit J, Saeed S, Aji N, Tse G, Roy P, Bardhan M. The advent of RNA-based therapeutics for metabolic syndrome and associated conditions: a comprehensive review of the literature. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:493. [PMID: 38580818 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent and intricate health condition affecting a significant global population, characterized by a cluster of metabolic and hormonal disorders disrupting lipid and glucose metabolism pathways. Clinical manifestations encompass obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, contributing to heightened risks of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Existing medications often fall short in addressing the syndrome's multifaceted nature, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes and potential long-term health risks. This scenario underscores the pressing need for innovative therapeutic approaches in MetS management. RNA-based treatments, employing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), emerge as promising strategies to target underlying biological abnormalities. However, a summary of research available on the role of RNA-based therapeutics in MetS and related co-morbidities is limited. Murine models and human studies have been separately interrogated to determine whether there have been recent advancements in RNA-based therapeutics to offer a comprehensive understanding of treatment available for MetS. In a narrative fashion, we searched for relevant articles pertaining to MetS co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, dementia, colorectal cancer, and endocrine abnormalities. We emphasize the urgency of exploring novel therapeutic avenues to address the intricate pathophysiology of MetS and underscore the potential of RNA-based treatments, coupled with advanced delivery systems, as a transformative approach for achieving more comprehensive and efficacious outcomes in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ye Rim Huang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Badar
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of the West Scotland, Paisley, Scotland
| | - Mohammad Said
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siddiqah Shah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Krishna Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Jawad Basit
- Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sajeel Saeed
- Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Narjiss Aji
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priyanka Roy
- Directorate of Factories, Department of Labour, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.
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Alamdari NM, Sadegh GHM, Farsi Y, Besharat S, Hajimirzaie SH, Abbasi M. The impact of sleeve gastrectomy on polycystic ovarian syndrome: a single-center 1-year cohort study. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:721-724. [PMID: 37574528 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Obesity is one of the risk factors for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and weight loss is the mainstay of treatment. This study investigates the effects of sleeve gastrectomy on clinical and paraclinical signs and symptoms of PCOS patients referred to a tertiary hospital. METHODS Female patients with a definite diagnosis of PCOS and body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2 who were candidates for sleeve gastrectomy were enrolled in this cohort study and followed for 1 year postoperatively. Clinical signs and symptoms of PCOS, sonographic examination, and laboratory hormonal assessments were assessed preoperatively and 1 year following surgery. RESULTS Fifty patients enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 31.69 ± 9.54 years. The mean BMI before and after the surgery was 44.28 ± 3.03 and 29.37 ± 2.41 kg/m2, respectively. Oligomenorrhea was improved in 66% of patients. According to the sonographic criteria, PCOS was improved in 74% of patients. After a year post-operation, while the mean serum levels of the follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and dehydroepiandrostenedione have improved significantly in all patients (p < 0.001 in all), the significant decrease in serum luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/ FSH ratio, and estrogen was only noted in patients with improved clinical response (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION Weight loss and improvements in hyperandrogenism following sleeve gastrectomy result in clinical and paraclinical improvement of PCOS signs and symptoms, including oligomenorrhea and ovulation induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Malekpour Alamdari
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Monavar Sadegh
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Farsi
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Besharat
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hajimirzaie
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Saxena A, Sherkane M, Bhoite R, Sadananda MP, Satyavrat V, Kareenhalli V. Efficacy of optimal nutraceutical combination in treating PCOS characteristics: an in-silico assessment. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38549084 PMCID: PMC10979615 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a serious health condition affecting women of reproductive age. High prevalence of PCOS and associated metabolic complications needs effective treatment and management. This study evaluated the efficacy of optimal nutraceutical combinations in improving PCOS characteristics using system biology-based mathematical modelling and simulation. METHODS A shortlisting of eight potent nutraceuticals was carried out with literature search. Menstrual cycle model was used to perform simulations on an in-silico population of 2000 individuals to test individual and combined effects of shortlisted nutraceuticals on five PCOS characteristics [oligomenorrhea, anovulation, hirsutism, infertility, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM)] for a duration of 6 months. Efficacy was tested across lean and obese phenotypes and age groups. RESULTS Individual assessment of nutraceuticals revealed seven most potent compounds. Myo-inositol among them was observed to be the most effective in alleviating the PCOS characteristics. The in-silico population analysis showed that the combination of melatonin and ALA along with myo-inositol was efficacious in restoring the hormonal balance across age-groups and Body Mass Index (BMI) categories. CONCLUSION Supplementation with the combination of myo-inositol, melatonin, and ALA demonstrated potential in managing PCOS symptoms in our in-silico analysis of a heterogeneous population, including lean and obese phenotypes across various severities and age groups, over a 6-month period. Future clinical studies are recommended to validate these findings.
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Ghasemi V, Amirshekari S, Ramezani Tehrani F. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Is There a Common Pathway? Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e00477. [PMID: 38494583 PMCID: PMC10944984 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about how polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to review the existing literature regarding the association between PCOS or its symptoms and complications with IBS. METHODS In this review, studies that investigated the proposed cross-link between features of PCOS and IBS were included. This review collectively focused on recent findings on the mechanism and novel insight regarding the association between IBS and PCOS in future clinical practice. An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar was performed. We did not restrict the study setting and publication date. RESULTS The existing evidence has not completely answered the question of whether there is an association between PCOS and IBS and vice versa. Six case-control studies (793 women with PCOS and 547 women in the control group) directly assessed the association between PCOS and IBS. The prevalence of IBS among women with PCOS in these studies has ranged from 10% to 52% compared with 5%-50% in control groups. Evidence suggested the common pathways may have contributed to the interaction between IBS and PCOS, including metabolic syndrome, sex hormone fluctuation, dysregulation of neurotransmitters, psychological problems and environmental and lifestyle factors. To date, it is still ambiguous which of the mentioned components largely contributes to the pathogenesis of both. CONCLUSION Although limited evidence has shown a higher prevalence of IBS in women with PCOS, there are several potential, direct and common indirect pathways contributing to the development of both IBS and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Shabahang Amirshekari
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- The Foundation for Research & Education ExcellenceVestavia HillsAlabamaUSA
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11
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Badawy M, Elsayes KM, Lubner MG, Shehata MA, Fowler K, Kaoud A, Pickhardt PJ. Metabolic syndrome: imaging features and clinical outcomes. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:292-305. [PMID: 38308038 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, which affects around a quarter of adults worldwide, is a group of metabolic abnormalities characterized mainly by insulin resistance and central adiposity. It is strongly correlated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Early identification of the changes induced by metabolic syndrome in target organs and timely intervention (eg, weight reduction) can decrease morbidity and mortality. Imaging can monitor the main components of metabolic syndrome and identify early the development and progression of its sequelae in various organs. In this review, we discuss the imaging features across different modalities that can be used to evaluate changes due to metabolic syndrome, including fatty deposition in different organs, arterial stiffening, liver fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Radiologists can play a vital role in recognizing and following these target organ injuries, which in turn can motivate lifestyle modification and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Meghan G Lubner
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Kathryn Fowler
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Arwa Kaoud
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
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12
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Wahid S, Ramli MDC, Fazleen NE, Naim RM, Mokhtar MH. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Mini-Review of Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose, and Ovarian Histological Improvements. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:150. [PMID: 38276279 PMCID: PMC10817691 DOI: 10.3390/life14010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women that is characterized by fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries and various symptoms, including high androgen levels, endometrial irregularities, and cysts. Although the main cause of PCOS remains unknown, it has been linked to genetic, endocrine, and metabolic factors, and there are several treatment options, including lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgery. Natural products such as medicinal plants and fruits are being explored as potential treatments for PCOS because of their bioactive compounds with pharmacological effects related to antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Some of these compounds improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and enhance glucose metabolism, thereby benefiting patients with PCOS. This mini-review examined the effects of natural products on PCOS, including their effects on ovarian histological changes, blood glucose, sex hormones, and lipid profiles, based on animal and human studies. This study suggests that the use of natural products as complementary medicines can be a promising resource for the development of effective therapeutics for PCOS; however, further research is needed to fully understand their benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syawany Wahid
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia; (S.W.)
| | | | - Nur Ezza Fazleen
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Muhammad Naim
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia; (S.W.)
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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13
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Sharma P, Khetarpal P. Genetic Determinants of Selenium Availability, Selenium-Response, and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-023-04052-w. [PMID: 38227265 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Selenium is a trace element and its deficiency has been associated with the risk of PCOS, a multifactorial syndrome that affects a large number of women worldwide. Several databases and literature were searched to find out genetic variants of the genes involved in selenium uptake, metabolism, and regulation which may be significantly associated with the risk of PCOS through Se-related pathways. Genes that require selenium for their biological actions to perform were also shortlisted. A total of eighteen significantly associated genes with forty-four variants were identified as candidate variants that could play a potential role in the modulation of PCOS risk among the study population. The genetic variant distribution data was available in-house and was obtained through a GWAS study of the North India population. In silico tools were applied to understand the functional impact of these variants. Three variants namely LDLR (rs2228671), TNF (rs1041981), and SAA2 (rs2468844) are strongly associated with PCOS risk and have a functional impact on encoded protein. Certain variants of Se uptake genes such as DIO1, GPX2, TXNRD1, DIO2 and GPX3 are also significantly associated with the risk of PCOS development. "C" allele of the Se transporter gene SELENOP (rs9686343) significantly increases PCOS risk. Other potential genes require selenium for their biological actions and are involved in the inflammatory, antioxidant response, and energy homeostasis signaling pathways. Thus, genetic variants of the population may affect the Se availability in the body. Also, deficiency of Se effects may get modulated due to underlying genetic polymorphism of Se-associated genes. This information may be helpful in dosage adjustment of Se supplementation for a population in order to get maximum benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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14
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Shi J, Hu KL, Li XX, Ge YM, Yu XJ, Zhao J. Bisphenol a downregulates GLUT4 expression by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor to exacerbate polycystic ovary syndrome. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:28. [PMID: 38200540 PMCID: PMC10782693 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) levels are high in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The mechanism by which BPA induces abnormal glucose metabolism in PCOS patients is largely unknown. METHODS Serum and urine samples were collected from women with and without PCOS (control) at the reproductive medicine center with informed consent. Non-PCOS patients who received in vitro fertilization were recruited for collection of ovarian follicular fluid and granular cells. Wild-type C57BL/6 and AhR -/- mice were used to verify the effects of BPA on PCOS. Real-time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were conducted to analyze the function of BPA. Chip-qPCR verified the role of AhR in GLUT4 transcription. Flow cytometry was performed to determine glucose uptake. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between BPA concentration and serum BPA levels in PCOS patients. BPA aggravated the changes in PCOS with abnormal glucose metabolism, impaired fertility, and increased body fat. Mechanistically, we showed that BPA activated AhR and led to decreased glucose transport via GLUT4 downregulation in ovarian granular cells. Therefore, the use of inhibitors or knockout of AhR could effectively rescue BPA-induced metabolic disorders in PCOS mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that BPA suppressed GLUT4 expression and induced abnormal glucose metabolism by activating AhR, causing insulin resistance, and is thus a potential contributor to the development of PCOS. Therefore, AhR could be a potential new therapeutic target for PCOS. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Lun Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi-Meng Ge
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
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15
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Olaniyi KS, Areloegbe SE, Fiemotongha FE. Cardiac energy depletion in a rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome is reversed by acetate and associated with inhibitory effect of HDAC2/mTOR. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176243. [PMID: 38048978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the clinical manifestation of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), life-threatening diseases, especially hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are emerging critical complications of PCOS. Changes in cardiac energy remains an independent risk factor of CVD. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, including acetate has received attention for its beneficial role in energy regulation. Herein we hypothesized that acetate improves cardiac energy homeostasis in experimentally induced PCOS. Female Wistar rats (8-week-old) were divided into groups. To induce PCOS, 1 mg/kg of letrozole was given for 21 days. After confirmation of PCOS, acetate (200 mg/kg) was administered for 6 weeks. Rats with PCOS showed multiple ovarian cysts with androgen excess and decreased SHBG. The rats also manifested impaired glucose tolerance/hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Increased systemic oxidative stress (malondialdehyde)/inflammatory (NF-kB/SDF-1) markers and nitric oxide deficiency (NO/eNOS) were observed. Though, the body weight was increased without affecting the cardiac mass index of PCOS rats. Nevertheless, there was an increase in cardiac triglyceride and oxidative stress/inflammatory markers with consequent cardiac injury, revealed by decreased levels of SIRT-1/HIF-1α and increased levels of CTGF/TGFβ-1 and plasma troponin T. These led to cardiac ATP depletion with increased AMP and AMP/ATP ratio. These alterations were accompanied by elevated levels of mTOR and HDAC2, which were reversed when treated with acetate. The present results interestingly suggest that HDAC2 inhibition by acetate reversed cardiac energy depletion and attendant cardiomorbidities in experimental PCOS model. A beneficial effect that is accompanied by suppressed expression of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria.
| | - Stephanie E Areloegbe
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Faustina E Fiemotongha
- Cardio/Endo-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
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16
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Rosato E, Sciarra F, Minnetti M, Degjoni A, Venneri MA. Clinical management of androgen excess and defect in women. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:21-35. [PMID: 37953607 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2279537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperandrogenism and hypoandrogenism are complex disorders involving multiple-organ systems. While androgen excess is a well-characterized condition, androgen deficiency still needs diagnostic criteria, as there are no specific cutoffs. AREAS COVERED We highlight the most recent findings on the role of androgens in female pathophysiology, investigating clinically relevant conditions of androgen insufficiency or excess throughout a woman's life, and their possible therapeutic management. EXPERT OPINION Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) should be considered as first-line therapy for the management of menstrual irregularity and/or clinical hyperandrogenism in adolescents with a clear diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are limited evidence-based data regarding specific types or doses of COCs for management of PCOS in women; however, the lowest effective estrogen dose should be considered for treatment. Despite evidence regarding safety, efficacy, and clinical use, testosterone therapy has not been approved for women by most regulatory agencies for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). The long-term safety for treatments with testosterone is still to be evaluated, and this review highlights the need for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anisa Degjoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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17
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Sudhakaran G, Priya PS, Jagan K, Haridevamuthu B, Meenatchi R, Arockiaraj J. Osteoporosis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and involved mechanisms. Life Sci 2023; 335:122280. [PMID: 37981226 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and osteoporosis, though seemingly unrelated, exhibit intricate connections influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors. PCOS, characterized by elevated androgen levels, insulin resistance, and increased body weight, has historically been considered protective against bone fragility disorders. However, emerging research suggests that chronic inflammation, prevalent in PCOS, can adversely affect bone health. Studies have demonstrated variable bone mineral density loss in PCOS, often associated with leptin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Key genes such as INS, IGF1, CTNNB1, AKT1, and STAT3 play pivotal roles in the complex interplay between PCOS and osteoporosis, influencing insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory pathways. Oxidative stress, a prominent element in PCOS, can lead to osteoporosis through hormonal imbalances, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors. The insulin signaling pathway also significantly impacts both conditions by contributing to hormonal imbalances and bone health alterations. This intricate network of genetic and epigenetic factors underscores the need for a deeper understanding of their interrelationships. Thus, this review elucidates the multifaceted genetic, epigenetic, and inflammatory connections between PCOS and osteoporosis, highlighting their implications for bone health management in individuals with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Jagan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abbood AH, Majeed Hameed R, Ghazi Al Safi W. Neuregulin 4 in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Phenotypes: A Key Role or Standby. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 12:359-365. [PMID: 38618267 PMCID: PMC11015924 DOI: 10.61186/rbmb.12.3.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuregulin_4 (NRG4) is one of the adipokines members that synthesize adipose tissues. It has an activating effect on epidermal growth factor receptors (ErbB receptors). NRG4 has indirect effects on the hormonal environment through its interaction to ErbB receptors. Increased insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation may be present when NRG4 levels are high in PCOS. Obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome have recently gained a lot of attention. However, the literature on the connection between NRG4 and the PCOS phenotype is limited. Thus, this research aimed to identify neuregulin_4's function as a biomarker for insulin resistance in PCOS phenotypes. Methods A case-control study and included 140 female cases effect by different phenotypes of PCOS. Patients samples were collected at the reproductive fertility consultant of the Teaching Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kerbala health directorate, Iraq. The outpatient clinic serum hormonal levels and insulin concentration were determined by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay "ECLIA" system. Elisa system was used for the detection of Neuregulin-4 protein level. Results At the early age of participant NRG4 was increased significantly in all phenotypes of PCOS compared to control with a P< 0.05. interestingly, phenotype A was shown high level of NRG4 following phenotype C than phenotype D and phenotype B. Receiver Operator Characteristic Curves (ROC) analysis for NRG4 was performed and showed good diagnostic performers to word phenotype A. Conclusions Females with phenotype A have a higher level of NRG4 than other phenotypes, which could be attributable to the more pronounced metabolic abnormalities in this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Hayder Abbood
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.
| | - Rana Majeed Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.
| | - Wasan Ghazi Al Safi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.
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Szczesnowicz A, Szeliga A, Niwczyk O, Bala G, Meczekalski B. Do GLP-1 Analogs Have a Place in the Treatment of PCOS? New Insights and Promising Therapies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5915. [PMID: 37762856 PMCID: PMC10532286 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. This condition is characterized by hyperandrogenism and either oligo- or anovulation. PCOS patients often present comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and an increased risk of diabetes. Given the profound implications of metabolic impairment in PCOS, the accurate diagnosis and management of these facets are imperative. The first-line approach to treatment involves lifestyle modifications, including dietary adjustments and exercise aimed at achieving weight loss, a strategy consistently emphasized across the literature. Supplementation with probiotics, vitamin D, and L-carnitine have also provided additional benefits to patients. In select cases, pharmacological interventions are needed for optimal therapeutic results. The most common medications used in PCOS include metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositols, and two classes of antidiabetic agents: dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are a new addition to the therapeutic arsenal for the metabolic management of PCOS. GLP-1 receptor agonists cause insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner, yielding clinical benefits such as heightened satiety, reduced appetite, and appetite regulation. GLP-1RAs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels and promoting weight loss while ameliorating hyperlipidemia. Prior to initiating GLP-1RA therapy, patients should undergo screening for contraindications, including history of pancreatitis, diabetic retinopathy, or thyroid cancer. The effects of treatment should be monitored using laboratory testing and body weight measurements. Effective communication between clinician and patient should be maintained with regular check-in for a period of 6 to 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szczesnowicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Anna Szeliga
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Olga Niwczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Gregory Bala
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Blazej Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.); (O.N.)
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20
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Elangeeb ME, Elfaki I, Elkhalifa MA, Adam KM, Alameen AO, Elfadl AK, Albalawi IA, Almasoudi KS, Almotairi R, Alsaedi BSO, Alhelali MH, Mir MM, Amle D, Mir R. In Silico Investigation of AKT2 Gene and Protein Abnormalities Reveals Potential Association with Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7449-7475. [PMID: 37754255 PMCID: PMC10528407 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) develops from insulin resistance (IR) and the dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells. The AKT2 protein is very important for the protein signaling pathway, and the non-synonymous SNP (nsSNPs) in AKT2 gene may be associated with T2D. nsSNPs can result in alterations in protein stability, enzymatic activity, or binding specificity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nsSNPs on the AKT2 protein structure and function that may result in the induction of IR and T2D. The study identified 20 variants that were considered to be the most deleterious based on a range of analytical tools included (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Mut-pred, SNAP2, PANTHER, PhD-SNP, SNP&Go, MUpro, Cosurf, and I-Mut). Two mutations, p.A179T and p.L183Q, were selected for further investigation based on their location within the protein as determined by PyMol. The results indicated that mutations, p.A179T and p.L183Q alter the protein stability and functional characteristics, which could potentially affect its function. In order to conduct a more in-depth analysis of these effects, a molecular dynamics simulation was performed for wildtype AKT2 and the two mutants (p.A179T and p.L183Q). The simulation evaluated various parameters, including temperature, pressure, density, RMSD, RMSF, SASA, and Region, over a period of 100 ps. According to the simulation results, the wildtype AKT2 protein demonstrated higher stability in comparison to the mutant variants. The mutations p.A179T and p.L183Q were found to cause a reduction in both protein stability and functionality. These findings underscore the significance of the effects of nsSNPs (mutations p.A179T and p.L183Q) on the structure and function of AKT2 that may lead to IR and T2D. Nevertheless, they require further verifications in future protein functional, protein-protein interaction, and large-scale case-control studies. When verified, these results will help in the identification and stratification of individuals who are at risk of IR and T2D for the purpose of prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Elangeeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M. A. Elkhalifa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid M. Adam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - A. O. Alameen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahssa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Kamaleldin Elfadl
- Veterinary Research Section, Ministry of Municipality, Doha P.O. Box 35081, Qatar;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | | | - Kholoud S. Almasoudi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Reema Almotairi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Basim S. O. Alsaedi
- Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (B.S.O.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Marwan H. Alhelali
- Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia; (B.S.O.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dnyanesh Amle
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur 441108, India;
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (R.A.)
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Si Y, Fei Y, Ma H, Xu Y, Ning L, Li X, Ren Q. The causal association between polycystic ovary syndrome and susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study using genetic data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1229900. [PMID: 37745707 PMCID: PMC10515223 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1229900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Observational studies have reported an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and COVID-19, but a definitive causal relationship has not been established. This study aimed to assess this association using two-way two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods A summary of PCOS characteristics was compiled using the PCOS summary statistics from the Apollo University of Cambridge Repository. COVID-19 susceptibility and severity statistics, including hospitalization and extremely severe disease, were obtained from genome-wide association studies from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The primary analysis used the inverse variance-weighted method, supplemented by the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods. Results The forward MR analysis showed no significant impact of PCOS on COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, or severity (OR = 0.983, 1.011, 1.014; 95% CI = 0.958-1.008, 0.958-1.068, 0.934-1.101; and p = 0.173, 0.68, 0.733; respectively). Similarly, reverse MR analysis found no evidence supporting COVID-19 phenotypes as risk or protective factors for PCOS (OR = 1.041, 0.995, 0.944; 95% CI = 0.657-1.649, 0.85-1.164, 0.843-1.058; and p = 0.864, 0.945, 0.323; respectively). Consequently, no significant association between any COVID-19 phenotype and PCOS was established. Conclusion This MR study suggested that PCOS is not a causal risk factor for the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. The associations identified in previous observational studies might be attributable to the presence of comorbidities in the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingling Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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22
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Rostami Dovom M, Rahmati M, Amanollahi Soudmand S, Ziaeefar P, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. The Hidden Link between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Kidney Stones: Finding from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2814. [PMID: 37685351 PMCID: PMC10486813 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the association between kidney stones and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, data from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) were used to investigate the risk of kidney stones in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Four distinct phenotypes of PCOS, as defined by the Rotterdam criteria, were examined in a sample of 520 women and compared to a control group of 1638 eumenorrheic non-hirsute healthy women. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were employed for analysis. The four PCOS phenotypes were classified as follows: Phenotype A, characterized by the presence of all three PCOS features (anovulation (OA), hyperandrogenism (HA), and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound (PCOM)); Phenotype B, characterized by the presence of anovulation and hyperandrogenism; Phenotype C, characterized by the presence of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound; and Phenotype D, characterized by the presence of anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound. RESULTS The prevalence of a history of kidney stones was found to be significantly higher in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) compared to healthy controls (12.5% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.001). This increased prevalence was observed across all PCOS phenotypes (p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential risk factors, including age, family history of kidney stones, waist-to-height ratio, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, the odds ratio for kidney stones in women with PCOS was found to be 1.59 [95% CI: 1.12-2.25, p = 0.01], indicating a 59% increase in risk compared to healthy women. Women with PCOS Phenotype A [OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.09-3.55, p = 0.02] and Phenotype D [OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.24-7.41, p = 0.01] were found to be at a higher risk for kidney stones. CONCLUSION Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), particularly those exhibiting menstrual irregularities and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound (PCOM), have been found to be two to three times more likely to develop kidney stones. This increased prevalence should be taken into consideration when providing preventive care and counseling to these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rostami Dovom
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran; (M.R.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran; (M.R.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Saber Amanollahi Soudmand
- Urology Department, Labafinejad Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - Pardis Ziaeefar
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran;
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran; (M.R.D.); (M.R.)
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23
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Lonardo A. The heterogeneity of metabolic syndrome presentation and challenges this causes in its pharmacological management: a narrative review focusing on principal risk modifiers. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:891-911. [PMID: 37722710 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2259306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS), i.e. the cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors comprising visceral obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, arterial hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia, is prevalent globally and exacts a heavy toll on health care expenditures. AREAS COVERED The pathophenotypes of individual traits of the MetS in adults are discussed first, with strong emphasis on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sex differences. Next, I discuss recent studies on phenotypic and outcome heterogeneity of the MetS, highlighting the role of NAFLD, sex, reproductive status, and depressive disorders. In the second half of the article, the therapeutic implications of the variable MetS types and features are analyzed, focusing on the most recent developments, and guidelines. EXPERT OPINION I have identified physiological, pathological, social and medical sources of phenotypical heterogeneity in the MetS and its constitutive traits. Improved understanding of these variables may be utilized in the setting of future precision medicine approaches in the field of metabolic disorders and target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Operating Unit of Metabolic Syndrome, Azienda Ospedaliero-Unversitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
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24
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Sola-Leyva A, Pérez-Prieto I, Molina NM, Vargas E, Ruiz-Durán S, Leonés-Baños I, Canha-Gouveia A, Altmäe S. Microbial composition across body sites in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 47:129-150. [PMID: 37208218 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, but the cause remains unclear. Recent evidence has linked microbial composition with PCOS; however, the results are inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to gather current knowledge of the microbes across body sites (oral cavity, blood, vagina/cervix, gut) in women with PCOS, and meta-analyse the microbial diversity in PCOS. For this purpose, a systematic search using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus was carried out. After selection, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies associated changes in the microbiome with PCOS, whereas heterogeneity of the studies in terms of ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and methodology, among other confounders, made it difficult to corroborate this relationship. In fact, 19 out of 34 of the studies were categorised as having high risk of bias when the quality assessment was conducted. Our meta-analysis on the gut microbiome of 14 studies demonstrated that women with PCOS possess significantly lower microbial alpha diversity compared with controls (SMD = -0.204; 95% CI -0.360 to -0.048; P = 0.010; I2 = 5.508, by Shannon Index), which may contribute to the development of PCOS. Nevertheless, future studies should specifically overcome the shortcomings of the current studies by through well planned and conducted studies with larger sample sizes, proper negative and positive controls and adequate case-control matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sola-Leyva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Nerea M Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Vargas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Systems Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología. HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Leonés-Baños
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Analuce Canha-Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kazempour R, Abedi P, Siahkal SF, Sharifipour F, Zahedian M. Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Biochemical Markers of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:121-133. [PMID: 37416789 PMCID: PMC10321446 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disorder among fertile women and may be induced by nutritional deficiencies. In this study, we assess the impact of selenium supplementation (SS) on biochemical markers in women with PCOS. To gather relevant literature, we searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and MEDLINE databases from inception up to July 24, 2022. Subsequently, we included all published full-text randomized clinical trials examining the effects of SS versus placebo on biochemical changes in women with PCOS. Review Manager 5.3 was used to collect and analyze data and assess the risk of bias. Seven articles, comprising 413 women, were ultimately involved in the study. According to the results, SS could increase the level of quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.04∼0.65], total antioxidant capacity (SMD=0.89 mmol/L, 95% CI=0.52∼1.26), and glutathione (SMD=1.00 μmol/L, 95% CI=0.22∼1.78). Conversely, SS could decrease triglyceride, cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance levels compared with the placebo. Furthermore, there were no significant differences regarding sex hormone-binding globulin level, testosterone level, malondialdehyde, and body mass index between the two groups. In addition, the results suggest that SS improves biochemical markers in women with PCOS and thus is recommended for treating biochemical disorders among these women in addition to standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robab Kazempour
- Department of Midwifery, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand 5418916571, Iran
| | - Parvin Abedi
- Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Shahla Faal Siahkal
- Department of Midwifery, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand 5418916571, Iran
| | - Foruzan Sharifipour
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahedian
- Librarian of Nursing and Midwifery Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
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26
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Cerf ME. Maternal and Child Health, Non-Communicable Diseases and Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:756. [PMID: 37367913 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mothers influence the health and disease trajectories of their children, particularly during the critical developmental windows of fetal and neonatal life reflecting the gestational-fetal and lactational-neonatal phases. As children grow and develop, they are exposed to various stimuli and insults, such as metabolites, that shape their physiology and metabolism to impact their health. Non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and mental illness, have high global prevalence and are increasing in incidence. Non-communicable diseases often overlap with maternal and child health. The maternal milieu shapes progeny outcomes, and some diseases, such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, have gestational origins. Metabolite aberrations occur from diets and physiological changes. Differential metabolite profiles can predict the onset of non-communicable diseases and therefore inform prevention and/or better treatment. In mothers and children, understanding the metabolite influence on health and disease can provide insights for maintaining maternal physiology and sustaining optimal progeny health over the life course. The role and interplay of metabolites on physiological systems and signaling pathways in shaping health and disease present opportunities for biomarker discovery and identifying novel therapeutic agents, particularly in the context of maternal and child health, and non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon E Cerf
- Grants, Innovation and Product Development, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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27
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Kasarinaite A, Sinton M, Saunders PTK, Hay DC. The Influence of Sex Hormones in Liver Function and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1604. [PMID: 37371074 PMCID: PMC10296738 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver performs a multitude of bodily functions, whilst retaining the ability to regenerate damaged tissue. In this review, we discuss sex steroid biology, regulation of mammalian liver physiology and the development of new model systems to improve our understanding of liver biology in health and disease. A major risk factor for the development of liver disease is hepatic fibrosis. Key drivers of this process are metabolic dysfunction and pathologic activation of the immune system. Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely regarded as benign, it does progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a subset of patients, increasing their risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD susceptibility varies across the population, with obesity and insulin resistance playing a strong role in the disease development. Additionally, sex and age have been identified as important risk factors. In addition to the regulation of liver biochemistry, sex hormones also regulate the immune system, with sexual dimorphism described for both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, sex differences in liver metabolism, immunity and their interplay are important factors to consider when designing, studying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat human liver disease. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a general overview of sex steroid biology and their regulation of mammalian liver physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvile Kasarinaite
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Matthew Sinton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 9TA, UK
| | - Philippa T. K. Saunders
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C. Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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28
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Zhou X, Ma Q, Yan Z, Wang Y, Qin J, Tong T, Liang R, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen J. Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine Xiao Yao San in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116517. [PMID: 37105369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine-metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age worldwide. Previous studies using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed that Xiao Yao San (XYS), a classic Chinese patent medicine formula, can effectively treat PCOS. However, the entire evidence has yet to be systematically summarized. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials was to assess the effect of XYS for the treatment of PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS 7 databases were thoroughly reviewed for RCTs published from inception to July 2022, assessing the effect of XYS in treating PCOS, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Wan Fang Database, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Science and Technology Journal Database. Outcome measures included ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, hormonal levels, and glycemic parameters. Either a random-effects model or a fixed-effect models was used to pool data. Pooled effect sizes were reported as odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 9 trials including 736 PCOS patients met the selection criteria. Our results indicate that XYS plus conventional medicines for PCOS significantly improved ovulation rate (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.94 to 3.08, P < 0.001) and pregnancy rate (OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.75, P < 0.001), meanwhile decreased levels of fasting insulin (FINS) (SMD = - 0.46, 95% CI: 0.65 to - 0.27, P < 0.001) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD = - 0.65, 95% CI = - 0.93 to - 0.37, P < 0.001). XYS plus conventional medicines for PCOS did not have a significant impact on levels of total testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). No serious adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION XYS combined with conventional medicines can improve ovulation and pregnancy rates, decrease FINS and HOMA-IR in PCOS patients, indicating that XYS treatment may be used as a promising adjuvant therapy to the conventional medicines of PCOS. However, due to significant heterogeneity and methodological shortcomings, these results should be interpreted with great caution. Larger, higher quality RCTs are needed to rigorously assess the effect of XYS as a complementary therapy in managing PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Zhenqian Yan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
| | - Yaxin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China.
| | - Jiajia Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Tiejun Tong
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ruixi Liang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Yongxin Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China.
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29
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Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Nousiopoulou E, Palamaris K, Theocharis S. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082912. [PMID: 37109247 PMCID: PMC10141215 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitutes the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Patients usually suffer from severe menstrual irregularities, skin conditions, and insulin resistance-associated health conditions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. In order to investigate the role of PPARs in the pathophysiology of PCOS, we conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases and were able to identify 74 relevant studies published between 2003 and 2023. Different study groups reached contradictory conclusions in terms of PPAR expression in PCOS. Interestingly, numerous natural agents were found to represent a novel, potent anti-PCOS treatment alternatives. In conclusion, PPARs seem to play a significant role in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Nousiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Fornari Laurindo L, Minniti G, José Tofano R, Quesada K, Federighi Baisi Chagas E, Maria Barbalho S. Detection of Metabolic Syndrome Using Insulin Resistance Indexes: A Cross-Sectional Observational Cohort Study. ENDOCRINES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines4020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is considered cardinal to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Previously, several simple indexes of IR calculated from biochemical and anthropometric variables have been proposed. However, these indexes are population-dependent; therefore, further studies on a global scale are necessary. The present study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of eight IR indicators, namely, METS-IR, TG-HDL-c, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-NC, TyG-NHtR, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR, in indicating MetS among a Brazilian population. For this, 268 patients (152 men and 116 women, 53–59 years of age) were included in the study, out of which 111 were diagnosed with MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). All indexes achieved significant accuracy, with TyG-WC (0.849 (0.800–0.889)), TyG (0.837 (0.787–0.879)), and TG-HDL-c (0.817 (0.765–0.861)) having the highest area under the curve (AUC). Further, the most heightened diagnostic sensitivities were observed for TG-HDL-c (90.99%), TyG-WC (89.19%), and TyG-NC (84.68%), whereas the highest diagnostic specificities were noted for TyG (73.89%), TyG-WHtR (72.61%), and TyG-WC (66.88%). Thus, TyG-WC, TyG, and TG-HDL-c reached the greatest AUC values in our analyses, making them useful diagnostic indicators of MetS, and crucial for patients’ clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Aging, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
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Fedeli V, Catizone A, Querqui A, Unfer V, Bizzarri M. The Role of Inositols in the Hyperandrogenic Phenotypes of PCOS: A Re-Reading of Larner’s Results. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076296. [PMID: 37047265 PMCID: PMC10093919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorder in women, in which, besides chronic anovulation/oligomenorrhea and ovarian cysts, hyperandrogenism plays a critical role in a large fraction of subjects. Inositol isomers—myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol—have recently been pharmacologically effective in managing many PCOS symptoms while rescuing ovarian fertility. However, some disappointing clinical results prompted the reconsideration of their specific biological functions. Surprisingly, D-Chiro-Ins stimulates androgen synthesis and decreases the ovarian estrogen pathway; on the contrary, myo-Ins activates FSH response and aromatase activity, finally mitigating ovarian hyperandrogenism. However, when the two isomers are given in association—according to the physiological ratio of 40:1—patients could benefit from myo-Ins enhanced FSH and estrogen responsiveness, while taking advantage of the insulin-sensitizing effects displayed mostly by D-Chiro-Ins. We need not postulate insulin resistance to explain PCOS pathogenesis, given that insulin hypersensitivity is likely a shared feature of PCOS ovaries. Indeed, even in the presence of physiological insulin stimulation, the PCOS ovary synthesizes D-Chiro-Ins four times more than that measured in control theca cells. The increased D-Chiro-Ins within the ovary is detrimental in preserving steroidogenic control, and this failure can easily explain why treatment strategies based upon high D-Chiro-Ins have been recognized as poorly effective. Within this perspective, two factors emerge as major determinants in PCOS: hyperandrogenism and reduced aromatase expression. Therefore, PCOS could no longer be considered a disease only due to increased androgen synthesis without considering the contemporary downregulation of aromatase and FSH receptors. Furthermore, these findings suggest that inositols can be specifically effective only for those PCOS phenotypes featured by hyperandrogenism.
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The Influence of Metabolic Factors and Diet on Fertility. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051180. [PMID: 36904180 PMCID: PMC10005661 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a disease globally affecting 20-30% of the reproductive age female population. However, in up to 50% on recorded cases, problems with infertility are ascribed to men; therefore, it is important to popularize healthy eating also in this group. During the last decade, it has been observed that society's lifestyle changed drastically: reduced energy expenditure in physical activity per day, increased consumption of hypercaloric and high-glycemic-index foods with high content of trans fats, and reduced consumption of dietary fiber, which negatively affects fertility. Increasing evidence points to a link between diet and fertility. It is becoming clear that well-planned nutrition can also contribute to the effectiveness of ART. The low-GI plant-based diet appears to have a positive effect, especially when it is based on Mediterranean dietary patterns: rich in antioxidants, vegetable protein, fiber, MUFA fatty acids, omega-3, vitamins, and minerals. Importantly, this diet has been shown to protect against chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress, which also translates into pregnancy success. As lifestyle and nutrition seem to be important factors affecting fertility, it is worth expanding knowledge in this regard among couples trying to conceive a child.
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Farrag M, Ait Eldjoudi D, González-Rodríguez M, Cordero-Barreal A, Ruiz-Fernández C, Capuozzo M, González-Gay MA, Mera A, Lago F, Soffar A, Essawy A, Pino J, Farrag Y, Gualillo O. Asprosin in health and disease, a new glucose sensor with central and peripheral metabolic effects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1101091. [PMID: 36686442 PMCID: PMC9849689 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue malfunction leads to altered adipokine secretion which might consequently contribute to an array of metabolic diseases spectrum including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disorders. Asprosin is a novel diabetogenic adipokine classified as a caudamin hormone protein. This adipokine is released from white adipose tissue during fasting and elicits glucogenic and orexigenic effects. Although white adipose tissue is the dominant source for this multitask adipokine, other tissues also may produce asprosin such as salivary glands, pancreatic B-cells, and cartilage. Significantly, plasma asprosin levels link to glucose metabolism, lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), and β-cell function. Indeed, asprosin exhibits a potent role in the metabolic process, induces hepatic glucose production, and influences appetite behavior. Clinical and preclinical research showed dysregulated levels of circulating asprosin in several metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), and several types of cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the asprosin role in the etiology and pathophysiological manifestations of these conditions. Asprosin could be a promising candidate for both novel pharmacological treatment strategies and diagnostic tools, although developing a better understanding of its function and signaling pathways is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Euro-Mediterranean Master in neuroscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- International PhD School of the University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Doctoral Program in Drug Research and Development, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cordero-Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- International PhD School of the University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Doctoral Program in Medicine Clinical Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maurizio Capuozzo
- National Health Service, Local Health Authority ASL 3 Napoli Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Miguel Angel González-Gay
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Lab, Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ahmed Soffar
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amina Essawy
- Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yousof Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Liu J, Liu Y, Li X. Effects of intestinal flora on polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1151723. [PMID: 36967808 PMCID: PMC10036050 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1151723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Its clinical characteristics are mainly oligo-ovulation or anovulation, hyperandrogenemia (HA) and insulin resistance (IR). PCOS is considered to be one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Intestinal flora, known as the "second genome" of human beings, is closely related to metabolic diseases, immune diseases and infectious diseases. At the same time, mounting evidence suggests that intestinal flora can regulate insulin synthesis and secretion, affect androgen metabolism and follicular development, and is involved in the occurrence of chronic inflammation and obesity. The imbalance of intestinal flora is caused by the abnormal interaction between intestinal flora and host cells caused by the change of intestinal microbial diversity, which is related to the occurrence and development of PCOS. The adjustment of intestinal flora may be a potential direction for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoliang Li,
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Di F, Gao D, Yao L, Zhang R, Qiu J, Song L. Differences in metabonomic profiles of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1077604. [PMID: 36909330 PMCID: PMC10003901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1077604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that often coexists with a metabolic disorder. Studies have demonstrated that the malfunction of adipose tissue, particularly abdominal adipose tissue, could exacerbate reproductive and metabolic problems in PCOS patients. Adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (e.g., lipids and metabolites) would then interact with other body organs, including the ovary, to maintain the systemic equilibrium. METHODS In this study, we examined adipose samples from PCOS patients and unaffected individuals using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabonomics approach (LC-MS/MS). PCOS biomarkers were selected using multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS Our pathway analysis revealed that these differential metabolites could be engaged in inflammatory diseases and mitochondrial beta-oxidation. We further developed an in vitro PCOS cell model to examine the effects of hyperandrogenism on granulosa cells and related metabolic disorders. We noted that isoleucine recovered the promotive effect on cell apoptosis, inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, sex hormone secretion, and mitochondrial function induced by dehydroepiandrosterone. Our gas chromatography-mass spectrometry targeted analysis (GC-MS/MS) revealed that isoleucine was significantly decreased in PCOS patients. DISCUSSION Based on these results, we speculate that metabolome alterations are vital in ameliorating PCOS symptoms. This may be a novel therapeutic target for PCOS treatment. Our study provides preliminary evidence that these findings will enhance our ability to accurately diagnose and intervene in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Di
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Gao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runjie Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liwen Song, ; Jin Qiu, ; Runjie Zhang,
| | - Jin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liwen Song, ; Jin Qiu, ; Runjie Zhang,
| | - Liwen Song
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liwen Song, ; Jin Qiu, ; Runjie Zhang,
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Ma C, Xiang Q, Song G, Wang X. Quercetin and polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1006678. [PMID: 36588716 PMCID: PMC9800798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1006678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disease, and results to opsomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hairy, acne, acanthosis, infertility, abortion. In the long term, PCOS may also increase the risk of endometrial cancer, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and other diseases. Till now there is no specific drug for PCOS due to the unclearness of the cause and pathogenesis, as current treatments for PCOS only target certain symptoms. Quercetin (QUR) is a flavonoid drug widely found in Chinese herbal medicines, fruits, leaves, vegetables, seeds and plants roots. Studies on other diseases have found that QUR has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-insulin resistance, anti-cancer and other effects. Some studies have shown that serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), the LH/follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and lipid levels are reduced in PCOS patients with QUR treatment. However, the mechanisms of QUR in PCOS patients have not been completely elucidated. In this review, we retrospect the basic characteristics of QUR, and in vitro studies, animal experiments and clinical trials of QUR and plant extracts containing QUR in the treatment of PCOS. We also summarized the effects and mechanism of QUR in ovarian cells in vitro and PCOS model rats, the changes in relevant parameters after QUR administration in PCOS patients, and its potentially therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshun Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, China,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianru Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangzhou, China,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ge Song, ; Xuefei Wang,
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ge Song, ; Xuefei Wang,
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Volatilomics as an Emerging Strategy to Determine Potential Biomarkers of Female Infertility: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112852. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its high prevalence, infertility has become a prominent public health issue, posing a significant challenge to modern reproductive medicine. Some clinical conditions that lead to female infertility include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and premature ovarian failure (POF). Follicular fluid (FF) is the biological matrix that has the most contact with the oocyte and can, therefore, be used as a predictor of its quality. Volatilomics has emerged as a non-invasive, straightforward, affordable, and simple method for characterizing various diseases and determining the effectiveness of their current therapies. In order to find potential biomarkers of infertility, this study set out to determine the volatomic pattern of the follicular fluid from patients with PCOS, endometriosis, and POF. The chromatographic data integration was performed through solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The findings pointed to specific metabolite patterns as potential biomarkers for the studied diseases. These open the door for further research into the relevant metabolomic pathways to enhance infertility knowledge and diagnostic tools. An extended investigation may, however, produce a new mechanistic understanding of the pathophysiology of the diseases.
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Li W, Liu C, Yang Q, Zhou Y, Liu M, Shan H. Oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance in ovulation disorder in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018674. [PMID: 36386912 PMCID: PMC9650267 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease that is characterized by oligo-ovulation or anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries observed using ultrasound with high clinical heterogeneity. At present, the etiology of PCOS is not clear but is thought to be related to genetic, metabolic, endocrine and environmental factors. Hyperandrogenism interacts with insulin resistance and overweight/obesity, forming a vicious cycle of mutual promotion and participating in the occurrence and progression of PCOS. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the oxidation system and antioxidation system in the human body, which is associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that OS may be closely related to ovulation disorders in PCOS, and antioxidants can improve the oxidative stress state of PCOS. However, previous studies did not examine the effect of the interaction between OS and hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance or overweight/obesity on ovulation disorders in PCOS. This article reviews the interaction between OS and hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and overweight/obesity; the effects of OS, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and overweight/obesity on ovulation disorders in PCOS; and the application of antioxidants in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qingmei Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongying Shan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Baioccato V, Quinto G, Rovai S, Conte F, Dassie F, Neunhäeuserer D, Vecchiato M, Palermi S, Gasperetti A, Bullo V, Camozzi V, Vettor R, Ermolao A, Mioni R. Do Androgenic Pattern, Insulin State and Growth Hormone Affect Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Strength in Young Women with PCOS? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092176. [PMID: 36140277 PMCID: PMC9496105 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and strength level were assessed in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), matched for age, body composition, androgenic pattern and insulinemic pattern. Patients with and without PCOS were evaluated at the Endocrinology Unit and Sport Medicine Division to assess endocrinological (insulinemic, androgenic pattern and growth hormone), anthropometric (with DEXA) and functional parameters (with cardiopulmonary exercise test and handgrip test), as well as physical activity level (with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). A total of 31 patients with PCOS and 13 controls were included. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of age, body mass index, body composition, androgenic pattern, insulin state, growth hormone and physical activity level. The PCOS group demonstrated significantly better cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max per kg (30.9 ± 7.6 vs. 24.8 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min; p = 0.010), VO2max per kg of fat-free mass (52.4 ± 8.9 vs. 45.3 ± 6.2 mL/kg/min; p = 0.018)), strength levels (handgrip per kg (0.36 ± 0.09 vs. 0.30 ± 0.08; p = 0.009), handgrip per kg of fat-free mass (13.03 ± 2.32 vs. 11.50 ± 1.91; p = 0.001)) and exercise capacity (METs at test (14.4 ± 2.72 vs. 12.5 ± 1.72 METs; p = 0.019)). In this study, women with PCOS showed a better cardiorespiratory fitness and strength than the control group. The only determinant that could explain the differences observed seems to be the presence of the syndrome itself. These results suggest that PCOS per se does not limit exercise capacity and does not exclude good functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Baioccato
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (G.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Giulia Quinto
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (G.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Sara Rovai
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Francesca Conte
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Francesca Dassie
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Neunhäeuserer
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (G.Q.); (M.V.)
| | - Stefano Palermi
- Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Gasperetti
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Valentina Bullo
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Regional Centre for Exercise Prescription in Chronic Diseases, 35128 Veneto, Italy
| | - Roberto Mioni
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 3, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
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Sivasankari R, Usha B. Reshaping the Gut Microbiota Through Lifestyle Interventions in Women with PCOS: A Review. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:351-363. [PMID: 35974920 PMCID: PMC9375820 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder evolving as a global threat to women's health. However, its multifactorial etiology causes difficulty in eliminating it. The interrelation between the gut microbiota and metabolic disorders has been trending recently, giving rise to new opportunities on the etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS. Lifestyle interventions such as healthy diet, physical exercises, and behavioral interventions such as regulation of stress and sleep cycles have been identified to improve the symptoms of PCOS across the endocrinological, metabolic and psychological scales and are recommended as the first line of treatment for PCOS. The impact of the unhealthy lifestyle factors on intestinal dysbiosis that cause PCOS is summarized in this review. This review also provides an insight on the therapeutic approaches that primarily target the gut microbiota and offers novel gut microflora-associated treatment strategies for PCOS. Further, this survey also highlights the need for the implementation of lifestyle management strategies and strongly recommends a healthy and stress-free lifestyle to promote gut health and manage PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadurai Sivasankari
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203 India
| | - Balasundaram Usha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203 India
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Brinca AT, Ramalhinho AC, Sousa Â, Oliani AH, Breitenfeld L, Passarinha LA, Gallardo E. Follicular Fluid: A Powerful Tool for the Understanding and Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1254. [PMID: 35740276 PMCID: PMC9219683 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents one of the leading causes of anovulatory infertility and affects 5% to 20% of women worldwide. Until today, both the subsequent etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS remain unclear, and patients with PCOS that undergo assisted reproductive techniques (ART) might present a poor to exaggerated response, low oocyte quality, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, as well as changes in the follicular fluid metabolites pattern. These abnormalities originate a decrease of Metaphase II (MII) oocytes and decreased rates for fertilization, cleavage, implantation, blastocyst conversion, poor egg to follicle ratio, and increased miscarriages. Focus on obtaining high-quality embryos has been taken into more consideration over the years. Nowadays, the use of metabolomic analysis in the quantification of proteins and peptides in biological matrices might predict, with more accuracy, the success in assisted reproductive technology. In this article, we review the use of human follicular fluid as the matrix in metabolomic analysis for diagnostic and ART predictor of success for PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Brinca
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Cristina Ramalhinho
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory of Academic Hospital of Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal;
- C4-Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
| | - António Hélio Oliani
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory of Academic Hospital of Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal;
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Luiza Breitenfeld
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
- C4-Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departament of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
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Batra M, Bhatnager R, Kumar A, Suneja P, Dang AS. Interplay between PCOS and microbiome: The road less travelled. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13580. [PMID: 35598286 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated neuro-endocrinal, reproductive, and metabolic condition. It encompasses patterns such as hyperandrogenism, recurrent cysts triggered by steroidogenic functional aberrations in the ovaries, overweight, chronic inflammation, and more. The underlying cause of this heterogeneous illness is obscure, although it is suspected to be driven by a blend of environmental and hereditary factors. In recent years, the connection between the microbiome and PCOS has been acknowledged and is thought to be involved in the genesis of the syndrome's emergence. Microbiota vary in different pathological features of PCOS, and fundamental pathways linked to their involvement in the commencement of diverse clinical presentations in PCOS open up a new avenue for its management. Prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, and fecal-microbiota-transplant, by promoting eubiosis and nullifying the effect caused by the altered microbial profile in PCOS women, can aid in management of diverse phenotypes associated with the syndrome. These microbiota-mediated treatments improve PCOS women's metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal profiles. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that drive this positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Batra
- Centre For Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Centre For Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pooja Suneja
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Amita Suneja Dang
- Centre For Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Review of Novel Potential Insulin Resistance Biomarkers in PCOS Patients—The Debate Is Still Open. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042099. [PMID: 35206286 PMCID: PMC8871992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on proteins and peptides that play roles in metabolic regulation, which may be considered potential insulin resistance markers in some medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), has recently gained in interest. PCOS is a common endocrine disorder associated with hyperandrogenemia and failure of ovulation, which is often accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. In this review, we focus on less commonly known peptides/proteins and investigate their role as potential biomarkers for insulin resistance in females affected by PCOS. We summarize studies comparing the serum fasting concentration of particular agents in PCOS individuals and healthy controls. Based on our analysis, we propose that, in the majority of studies, the levels of nesfastin-1, myonectin, omentin, neudesin were decreased in PCOS patients, while the levels of the other considered agents (e.g., preptin, gremlin-1, neuregulin-4, xenopsin-related peptide, xenin-25, and galectin-3) were increased. However, there also exist studies presenting contrary results; in particular, most data existing for lipocalin-2 are inconsistent. Therefore, further research is required to confirm those hypotheses, as well as to elucidate the involvement of these factors in PCOS-related metabolic complications.
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Zhang M, Hu R, Huang Y, Zhou F, Li F, Liu Z, Geng Y, Dong H, Ma W, Song K, Song Y. Present and Future: Crosstalks Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gut Metabolites Relating to Gut Microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:933110. [PMID: 35928893 PMCID: PMC9343597 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.933110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease, affecting 8%-13% of the females of reproductive age, thereby compromising their fertility and long-term health. However, the pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear. It is not only a reproductive endocrine disease, dominated by hyperandrogenemia, but also is accompanied by different degrees of metabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance. With a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis, more small metabolic molecules, such as bile acids, amino acids, and short-chain fatty acids, have been reported to be involved in the pathological process of PCOS. Recently, the critical role of gut microbiota in metabolism has been focused on. The gut microbiota-related metabolic pathways can significantly affect inflammation levels, insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and hormonal secretions. Although the abnormalities in gut microbiota and metabolites might not be the initial factors of PCOS, they may have a significant role in the pathological process of PCOS. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota and disturbance of gut metabolites can affect the progression of PCOS. Meanwhile, PCOS itself can adversely affect the function of gut, thereby contributing to the aggravation of the disease. Inhibiting this vicious cycle might alleviate the symptoms of PCOS. However, the role of gut microbiota in PCOS has not been fully explored yet. This review aims to summarize the potential effects and modulative mechanisms of the gut metabolites on PCOS and suggests its potential intervention targets, thus providing more possible treatment options for PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanru Zhou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoxu Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunkun Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufan Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yufan Song,
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Yu J, Zhou Y, Ding J, Zhang D, Yu C, Huang H. Characteristics and possible mechanisms of metabolic disorder in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:970733. [PMID: 36714563 PMCID: PMC9878688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.970733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a kind of endocrine and metabolic disorder, disturbing the females of reproductive age. Here, we aimed to investigate the metabolic characteristics of overweight women with PCOS and analyze the possible mechanisms. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 947 patients with PCOS, who were classified according to body mass index (BMI) as overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) or non-overweight (BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m2). The clinical symptoms, endocrine features, metabolic status, and inflammatory levels of the patients were comprehensively assessed and compared between the patients of the two groups. Additionally, a predictive study on the correlation between inflammation and metabolism was performed using STRING and Cytoscape software, and the possible mechanisms of metabolic disorders involved in the overweight PCOS were preliminarily explored. RESULTS Overweight PCOS was associated with increased average age, waist-to-hip ratio, and the incidence of acanthosis nigricans. These patients were susceptible to familial hypertension and diabetes, and exhibited evident characteristics of low levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and the ratio of LH to follicle-stimulating hormone, and were more inclined to insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, overweight PCOS presented with a chronic low-grade inflammation state with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines complement components C5/C5α, CXCL12/SDF-1, MIF, and Serpin E1/PAI-1 evidently compared with those in non-overweight PCOS. Pearson analysis showed that these inflammatory cytokines were directly or indirectly correlated with IR. The STRING and Cytoscape network analysis predicted that inflammatory cytokines CXCL12/SDF-1, Serpin E1/PAI-1 and MIF might be crucial for inducing IR in overweight PCOS women through various biological functions and signal transductions including the JAK-STAT cascade, ATP biosynthesis, and HIF-1 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Overweight patients with PCOS are prone to low gonadal levels, IR, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines CXCL12/SDF-1, Serpin E1/PAI-1and MIF might lead to IR through multiple biological functions and signal transductions in overweight PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulai Zhou
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hefeng Huang, ; Chaoqin Yu,
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hefeng Huang, ; Chaoqin Yu,
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Nori W, Harmoosh SK, Abd Al-Badri HJ. Can Red cell distribution width screen for metabolic abnormality in women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome? THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2022; 69:191-195. [PMID: 36244769 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.69.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinopathy in reproductive-age females, accredited to a chronic low-grade inflammatory reaction. Red distribution width (RDW), a parameter of complete blood count, was tested as an inflammatory marker ; higher RDW was linked to metabolic syndrome. We aimed to examine RDW in distinguishing PCOS-related metabolic and hormonal abnormalities. Methods : A case-control study recruited 128 women, divided into PCOS cases (64 / 128) and controls (64 / 128) according to Rotterdam criteria. Body mass index (BMI), estimated complete blood count parameters, hormonal markers (serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, and serum testosterone), and metabolic markers (HOMA-IR, serum high and low-density lipoprotein) were measured. Results showed that RDW was significantly higher in PCOS. HOMA-IR, LDL, testosterone, and LH / FSH were higher in PCOS and strongly correlated with RDW with positive correlations. HDL was elevated and correlated negatively with RDW in PCOS. ROC calculated (13.55) as RDW cut-off value for insulin-resistant with an AUC of 0.95, P < 0.001. In conclusion, a strong and remarkable correlation of RDW with metabolic abnormalities in PCOS cases with 100% sensitivity and specificity, in addition to being quick and inexpensive, makes it a reliable marker for screening for insulin resistance. J. Med. Invest. 69 : 191-195, August, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassan Nori
- Assistant professor. College of Medicine / Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq. . ORCID Number : 0000-0002-8749-2444
| | - Shaima K Harmoosh
- IVF specialist PhD. Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital / infertility clinic / Baghdad, Iraq . ORCID Number : 0000-0001-5527-9422
| | - Hadeel J Abd Al-Badri
- lecturer. College of Medicine / Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq. . ORCID Number 0000-0001-5604-7367
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