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Fernandes WM, Harris N, Zamalloa A, Adofina L, Srinivasan P, Menon K, Heaton N, Miquel R, Zen Y, Kelly G, Jarvis JA, Oregioni A, Chokshi S, Riva A, Cox IJ. High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Paired Clinical Liver Tissue Samples from Hepatocellular Cancer and Surrounding Region. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8924. [PMID: 39201610 PMCID: PMC11354908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The global burden of liver cancer is increasing. Timely diagnosis is important for optimising the limited available treatment options. Understanding the metabolic consequences of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may lead to more effective treatment options. We aimed to document metabolite differences between HCC and matched surrounding tissues of varying aetiology, obtained at the time of liver resection, and to interpret metabolite changes with clinical findings. High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS-NMR) spectroscopy analyses of N = 10 paired HCC and surrounding non-tumour liver tissue samples were undertaken. There were marked HRMAS-NMR differences in lipid levels in HCC tissue compared to matched surrounding tissue and more subtle changes in low-molecular-weight metabolites, particularly when adjusting for patient-specific variability. Differences in lipid-CH3, lipid-CH2, formate, and acetate levels were of particular interest. The obvious differences in lipid content highlight the intricate interplay between metabolic adaptations and cancer cell survival in the complex microenvironment of liver cancer. Differences in formate and acetate might relate to bacterial metabolites. Therefore, documentation of metabolites in HCC tissue according to histology findings in patients is of interest for personalised medicine approaches and for tailoring targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M. Fernandes
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, UK (A.R.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Nicola Harris
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, UK (A.R.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Lissette Adofina
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Parthi Srinivasan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Yoh Zen
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- MRC Biomedical NMR Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James A. Jarvis
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics and Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alain Oregioni
- MRC Biomedical NMR Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, UK (A.R.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Antonio Riva
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, UK (A.R.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - I. Jane Cox
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, UK (A.R.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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2
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Liu D, Chen D, Xiao J, Wang W, Zhang LJ, Peng H, Han C, Yao H. High-altitude-induced alterations in intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369627. [PMID: 38784803 PMCID: PMC11111974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In high-altitude environments characterized by low pressure and oxygen levels, the intestinal microbiota undergoes significant alterations. Whether individuals are subjected to prolonged exposure or acute altitude changes, these conditions lead to shifts in both the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota and changes in their composition. While these alterations represent adaptations to high-altitude conditions, they may also pose health risks through certain mechanisms. Changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by high altitudes can compromise the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction and an increased susceptibility to acute mountain sickness (AMS). Moreover, alterations in the intestinal microbiota have been implicated in the induction or exacerbation of chronic heart failure. Targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiota holds promise in mitigating high-altitude-related cardiac damage. Dietary interventions, such as adopting a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-protein, and low-fat diet, can help regulate the effects of intestinal microbiota and their metabolic byproducts on intestinal health. Additionally, supplementation with probiotics, either through dietary sources or medications, offers a means of modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These interventions may offer beneficial effects in preventing and alleviating AMS following acute exposure to high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Han
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Western Theater, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Belelli D, Riva A, Nutt DJ. Reducing the harms of alcohol: nutritional interventions and functional alcohol alternatives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:241-276. [PMID: 38555118 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The health risks and harm associated with regular alcohol consumption are well documented. In a recent WHO statement published in The Lancet Public Health alcohol consumption has been estimated to contribute worldwide to 3 million deaths in 2016 while also being responsible for 5·1% of the global burden of disease and injury. The total elimination of alcohol consumption, which has been long imbedded in human culture and society, is not practical and prohibition policies have proved historically ineffective. However, valuable strategies to reduce alcohol harms are already available and improved alternative approaches are currently being developed. Here, we will review and discuss recent advances on two main types of approaches, that is nutritional interventions and functional alcohol alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Belelli
- GABALabs Res. Senior Scientific Consultant, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology (Foundation for Liver Research), London; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London
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Li G, Gao M, Zhang S, Dai T, Wang F, Geng J, Rao J, Qin X, Qian J, Zuo L, Zhou M, Liu L, Zhou H. Sleep Deprivation Impairs Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Activating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Goblet Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:85-100. [PMID: 37918798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is associated with intestinal inflammatory conditions and is increasingly recognized as a public health concern worldwide. However, the effects of sleep deficiency on intestinal goblet cells (GCs), which play a major role in intestinal barrier formation, remain elusive. Herein, the effects of sleep deprivation on intestinal GCs were determined using a sleep-deprivation mouse model. Sleep deprivation impaired the intestinal mucosal barrier and decreased the expression of tight junction proteins. According to single-cell RNA sequencing and histologic assessments, sleep deprivation significantly reduced GC numbers and mucin protein levels in intestinal tissues. Furthermore, sleep deprivation initiated endoplasmic reticulum stress by activating transcription factor 6 and binding Ig protein. Treatment with melatonin, an endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator, significantly alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in intestinal GCs. In addition, melatonin increased the villus length, reduced the crypt depth, and restored intestinal barrier function in mice with sleep deprivation. Overall, the findings revealed that sleep deprivation could impair intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and GC function. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress could represent an ideal strategy for treating sleep deficiency-induced gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengru Gao
- Clinical Pathology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Clinical Pathology Center, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianliang Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinke Geng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Rao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejia Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jizhao Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zuo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Ruiz-Pablos M, Paiva B, Zabaleta A. Epstein-Barr virus-acquired immunodeficiency in myalgic encephalomyelitis-Is it present in long COVID? J Transl Med 2023; 21:633. [PMID: 37718435 PMCID: PMC10506247 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Both myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID (LC) are characterized by similar immunological alterations, persistence of chronic viral infection, autoimmunity, chronic inflammatory state, viral reactivation, hypocortisolism, and microclot formation. They also present with similar symptoms such as asthenia, exercise intolerance, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological and gastrointestinal complaints. In addition, both pathologies present Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, indicating the possibility of this virus being the link between both pathologies. Therefore, we propose that latency and recurrent EBV reactivation could generate an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in three steps: first, an acquired EBV immunodeficiency develops in individuals with "weak" EBV HLA-II haplotypes, which prevents the control of latency I cells. Second, ectopic lymphoid structures with EBV latency form in different tissues (including the CNS), promoting inflammatory responses and further impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Finally, immune exhaustion occurs due to chronic exposure to viral antigens, with consolidation of the disease. In the case of LC, prior to the first step, there is the possibility of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with "weak" HLA-II haplotypes against this virus and/or EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aintzane Zabaleta
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Moretti S, Schietroma I, Sberna G, Maggiorella MT, Sernicola L, Farcomeni S, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi M, Borsetti A. HIV-1-Host Interaction in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT): Effects on Local Environment and Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12193. [PMID: 37569570 PMCID: PMC10418605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes severe CD4+ T-cell depletion and disruption of the protective epithelial barrier in the intestinal mucosa, causing microbial translocation, the main driver of inflammation and immune activation, even in people living with HIV (PLWH) taking antiretroviral drug therapy. The higher levels of HIV DNA in the gut compared to the blood highlight the importance of the gut as a viral reservoir. CD4+ T-cell subsets in the gut differ in phenotypic characteristics and differentiation status from the ones in other tissues or in peripheral blood, and little is still known about the mechanisms by which the persistence of HIV is maintained at this anatomical site. This review aims to describe the interaction with key subsets of CD4+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa targeted by HIV-1 and the role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in HIV-associated systemic inflammation and immune activation that are crucial in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Ivan Schietroma
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Teresa Maggiorella
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Leonardo Sernicola
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Farcomeni
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
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Ray M, Manjunath A, Halami PM. Effect of probiotics as an immune modulator for the management of COVID-19. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:182. [PMID: 37031431 PMCID: PMC10098245 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, an acute respiratory viral infection conveyed by pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of individuals globally, and is a public health emergency of international concern. Till now, there are no highly effective therapies for this infection without vaccination. As they can evolve quickly and cross the strain level easily, these viruses are causing epidemics or pandemics that are allied with more severe clinical diseases. A new approach is needed to improve immunity to confirm the protection against emerging viral infections. Probiotics can modify gut microbial dysbiosis, improve the host immune system, and stimulate immune signaling, increasing systemic immunity. Several probiotic bacterial therapies have been proven to decrease the period of bacterial or viral infections. Superinduction of inflammation, termed cytokine storm, has been directly linked with pneumonia and severe complications of viral respiratory infections. In this case, probiotics as potential immunomodulatory agents can be an appropriate candidate to improve the host's response to respiratory viral infections. During this COVID-19 pandemic, any approach that can induce mucosal and systemic immunity could be helpful. Here, we summarize contexts regarding the effectiveness of various probiotics for preventing virus-induced respiratory infectious diseases, especially those that could be employed for COVID-19 patients. In addition, the effects of probiotics, their mechanisms on different aspects of immune responses against respiratory viral infection, and their antiviral properties in clinical findings have been described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Ashwini Manjunath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Prakash M Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India.
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Compound Probiotic Ameliorates Acute Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Maintaining Intestinal Barrier. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:185-201. [PMID: 36456838 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a worldwide health threaten lack of effective treatment. Gut dysbiosis and concomitant augmented intestinal permeability are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of ALD. Research on the protective effect of probiotics on ALD is limited, and more effective intestinal microecological regulators and the related mechanisms still need to be further explored. In the present study, the protective effects and mechanisms of a compound probiotic against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in vivo were explod. It was showed that the compound probiotic ameliorated liver injury in acute ALD mice and stabilized the levels of ALT, AST, and TG in serum. The compound probiotic reversed acute alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis and maintained the intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating the production of mucus and the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and thus reduced LPS level in liver. Meanwhile, the compound probiotic reduced inflammation level by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressed oxidative stress level in liver. Furthermore, the compound probiotic alleviated liver lipid accumulation by regulating fatty acid metabolism-associated genes and AMPK-PPARα signaling pathway. Noteworthy, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) realized comparable protective effect with that of compound probiotic. In conclusion, present study demonstrates the beneficial effects and underlying mechanism of the compound probiotic against acute alcohol-induced liver injury. It provides clues for development of novel strategy for treatment of ALD.
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Kassis A, Fichot MC, Horcajada MN, Horstman AMH, Duncan P, Bergonzelli G, Preitner N, Zimmermann D, Bosco N, Vidal K, Donato-Capel L. Nutritional and lifestyle management of the aging journey: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1087505. [PMID: 36761987 PMCID: PMC9903079 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1087505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With age, the physiological responses to occasional or regular stressors from a broad range of functions tend to change and adjust at a different pace and restoring these functions in the normal healthy range becomes increasingly challenging. Even if this natural decline is somehow unavoidable, opportunities exist to slow down and attenuate the impact of advancing age on major physiological processes which, when weakened, constitute the hallmarks of aging. This narrative review revisits the current knowledge related to the aging process and its impact on key metabolic functions including immune, digestive, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular functions; and revisits insights into the important biological targets that could inspire effective strategies to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Kassis
- Whiteboard Nutrition Science, Beaconsfield, QC, Canada,Amira Kassis,
| | | | | | | | - Peter Duncan
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Preitner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diane Zimmermann
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Vidal
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Donato-Capel
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Laurence Donato-Capel,
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Traina G. The Connection between Gut and Lung Microbiota, Mast Cells, Platelets and SARS-CoV-2 in the Elderly Patient. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314898. [PMID: 36499222 PMCID: PMC9740794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 that emerged in late 2019 causes a respiratory tract infection and has currently resulted in more than 627 million confirmed cases and over 6.58 million deaths worldwide up to October 2022. The highest death rate caused by COVID-19 is in older people, especially those with comorbidities. This evidence presents a challenge for biomedical research on aging and also identifies some key players in inflammation, including mast cells and platelets, which could represent important markers and, at the same time, unconventional therapeutic targets. Studies have shown a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota composition in the elderly, particularly a reduced abundance of butyrate-producing species, and COVID-19 patients manifest faecal microbiome alterations, with an increase in opportunistic pathogens and a depletion of commensal beneficial microorganisms. The main purpose of this narrative review is to highlight how an altered condition of the gut microbiota, especially in the elderly, could be an important factor and have a strong impact in the lung homeostasis and COVID-19 phenomenon, jointly to the activation of mast cells and platelets, and also affect the outcomes of the pathology. Therefore, a targeted and careful control of the intestinal microbiota could represent a complementary intervention to be implemented for the management and the challenge against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Romana, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Wais T, Hasan M, Rai V, Agrawal DK. Gut-brain communication in COVID-19: molecular mechanisms, mediators, biomarkers, and therapeutics. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:947-960. [PMID: 35868344 PMCID: PMC9388545 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection with COVID-19 results in acute respiratory symptoms followed by long COVID multi-organ effects presenting with neurological, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. Temporal relationship between gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms is unclear but warranted for exploring better clinical care for COVID-19 patients. AREAS COVERED We critically reviewed the temporal relationship between gut-brain axis after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinvasion following GI infection. Mediators are identified that could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2. We discussed the potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate the effects of GI infection with SARS-CoV-2. EXPERT OPINION Altered gut microbiota cause increased expression of various mediators, including zonulin causing disruption of tight junction. This stimulates enteric nervous system and signals to CNS precipitating neurological sequalae. Published reports suggest potential role of cytokines, immune cells, B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19), ACE2, TMRSS2, TMPRSS4, IFN-γ, IL-17A, zonulin, and altered gut microbiome in gut-brain axis and associated neurological sequalae. Targeting these mediators and gut microbiome to improve immunity will be of therapeutic significance. In-depth research and well-designed large-scale population-based clinical trials with multidisciplinary and collaborative approaches are warranted. Investigating the temporal relationship between organs involved in long-term sequalae is critical due to evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tameena Wais
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences. Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Mehde Hasan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences. Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences. Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences. Pomona, CA 91766
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Kılıç AO, Akın F, Yazar A, Metin Akcan Ö, Topcu C, Aydın O. Zonulin and claudin-5 levels in multisystem inflammatory syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:1561-1565. [PMID: 35638118 PMCID: PMC9347651 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is generally asymptomatic or mild; however, it can lead to a life-threatening clinical condition, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), days or weeks after the infection. Increased intestinal permeability isa possible triggering factor at the onset of the hyperinflammation associated with MIS-C. Zonulin and claudin-5 are involved in intestinal permeability. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels in SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C disease. METHODS The study group consisted of children diagnosed with MIS-C or SARS-CoV-2 infection who presented to a university hospital paediatric emergency or infectious diseases departments. The control group included well patients seen at the General Pediatrics units for routine follow-up. Serum zonulin and claudin-5 levels were measured at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS Fifteen patients were included in the MIS-C group, 19 in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group and 21 in the control group. The mean zonulin level in the MIS-C group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean Claudin-5 levels were Psignificantly lower in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results indicate that increased intestinal permeability may be involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C disease. Larger clinical trials are needed to clarify the role of serum zonulin and claudin-5 on intestinal permeability in MIS-C and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet O Kılıç
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram Medical FacultyNecmettin Erbakan UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Fatih Akın
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram Medical FacultyNecmettin Erbakan UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Abdullah Yazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram Medical FacultyNecmettin Erbakan UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Özge Metin Akcan
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram Medical FacultyNecmettin Erbakan UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Cemile Topcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Medical FacultyNecmettin Erbakan UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Orkun Aydın
- Department of PediatricsDr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research HospitalAnkaraTurkey
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13
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Zeng F, Li Y, Deng Z, He J, Li W, Wang L, Lyu T, Li Z, Mei C, Yang M, Dong Y, Jiang G, Li X, Huang X, Xiao F, Liu Y, Shan H, He H. SARS-CoV-2 spike spurs intestinal inflammation via VEGF production in enterocytes. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14844. [PMID: 35362189 PMCID: PMC9081906 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that often correlate with the severity of COVID-19. Here, we explored the pathogenesis underlying the intestinal inflammation in COVID-19. Plasma VEGF level was particularly elevated in patients with GI symptoms and significantly correlated with intestinal edema and disease progression. Through an animal model mimicking intestinal inflammation upon stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, we further revealed that VEGF was over-produced in the duodenum prior to its ascent in the circulation. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 spike promoted VEGF production through activating the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling in enterocytes, but not in endothelium, and inducing permeability and inflammation. Blockage of the ERK/VEGF axis was able to rescue vascular permeability and alleviate intestinal inflammation in vivo. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation and therapeutic targets for the GI symptoms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa‐Min Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina,Department of PathologyThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Ying‐wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Zhao‐hua Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Jian‐zhong He
- Department of PathologyThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Wei Li
- Department of PathologyThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Lijie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Ting Lyu
- Department of PathologyThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Zhanyu Li
- Department of PathologyThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Chaoming Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Meiling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Yingying Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Guan‐Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Fei Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina,Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of PathologyThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina,Department of Interventional MedicineThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Huanhuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
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14
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Bajo-Morales J, Prieto-Prieto JC, Herrera LJ, Rojas I, Castillo-Secilla D. COVID-19 Biomarkers Recognition & Classification Using Intelligent Systems. Curr Bioinform 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893617666220328125029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
SARS-CoV-2 has paralyzed mankind due to its high transmissibility and its associated mortality, causing millions of infections and deaths worldwide. The search for gene expression biomarkers from the host transcriptional response to infection may help understand the underlying mechanisms by which the virus causes COVID-19. This research proposes a smart methodology integrating different RNA-Seq datasets from SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory diseases, and healthy patients.
Methods:
The proposed pipeline exploits the functionality of the ‘KnowSeq’ R/Bioc package, integrating different data sources and attaining a significantly larger gene expression dataset, thus endowing the results with higher statistical significance and robustness in comparison with previous studies in the literature. A detailed preprocessing step was carried out to homogenize the samples and build a clinical decision system for SARS-CoV-2. It uses machine learning techniques such as feature selection algorithm and supervised classification system. This clinical decision system uses the most differentially expressed genes among different diseases (including SARS-Cov-2) to develop a four-class classifier.
Results:
The multiclass classifier designed can discern SARS-CoV-2 samples, reaching an accuracy equal to 91.5%, a mean F1-Score equal to 88.5%, and a SARS-CoV-2 AUC equal to 94% by using only 15 genes as predictors. A biological interpretation of the gene signature extracted reveals relations with processes involved in viral responses.
Conclusion:
This work proposes a COVID-19 gene signature composed of 15 genes, selected after applying the feature selection ‘minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance’ algorithm. The integration among several RNA-Seq datasets was a success, allowing for a considerable large number of samples and therefore providing greater statistical significance to the results than previous studies. Biological interpretation of the selected genes was also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bajo-Morales
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada. C.I.T.I.C., Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Prieto-Prieto
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IMIBIC, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Menéndez Pidal Avenue, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada. C.I.T.I.C., Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada. C.I.T.I.C., Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Castillo-Secilla
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada. C.I.T.I.C., Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
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15
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Hamdy A, Leonardi A. Superantigens and SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens 2022; 11:390. [PMID: 35456065 PMCID: PMC9026686 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been posited SARS-CoV-2 contains at least one unique superantigen-like motif not found in any other SARS or endemic coronaviruses. Superantigens are potent antigens that can send the immune system into overdrive. SARS-CoV-2 causes many of the biological and clinical consequences of a superantigen, and, in the context of reinfection and waning immunity, it is important to better understand the impact of a widely circulating, airborne pathogen that may be a superantigen, superantigen-like or trigger a superantigenic host response. Urgent research is needed to better understand the long-term risks being taken by governments whose policies enable widespread transmission of a potential superantigenic pathogen, and to more clearly define the vaccination and public health policies needed to protect against the consequences of repeat exposure to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hamdy
- Panres Pandemic Research, Newport TF10 8PG, UK
| | - Anthony Leonardi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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16
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Osna NA, New-Aaron M, Dagur RS, Thomes P, Simon L, Levitt D, McTernan P, Molina PE, Choi HY, Machida K, Sherman KE, Riva A, Phillips S, Chokshi S, Kharbanda KK, Weinman S, Ganesan M. A review of alcohol-pathogen interactions: New insights into combined disease pathomechanisms. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:359-370. [PMID: 35076108 PMCID: PMC8920772 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Progression of chronic infections to end-stage diseases and poor treatment results are frequently associated with alcohol abuse. Alcohol metabolism suppresses innate and adaptive immunity leading to increased viral load and its spread. In case of hepatotropic infections, viruses accelerate alcohol-induced hepatitis and liver fibrosis, thereby promoting end-stage outcomes, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we concentrate on several unexplored aspects of these phenomena, which illustrate the combined effects of viral/bacterial infections and alcohol in disease development. We review alcohol-induced alterations implicated in immunometabolism as a central mechanism impacting metabolic homeostasis and viral pathogenesis in Simian immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus infection. Furthermore, in hepatocytes, both HIV infection and alcohol activate oxidative stress to cause lysosomal dysfunction and leakage and apoptotic cell death, thereby increasing hepatotoxicity. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor signaling in hepatitis C virus infection. Finally, we analyze studies that review and describe the immune derangements in hepatotropic viral infections focusing on the development of novel targets and strategies to restore effective immunocompetency in alcohol-associated liver disease. In conclusion, alcohol exacerbates the pathogenesis of viral infections, contributing to a chronic course and poor outcomes, but the mechanisms behind these events are virus specific and depend on virus-alcohol interactions, which differ among the various infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moses New-Aaron
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health, and Toxicology, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health, and Toxicology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Raghubendra S. Dagur
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul Thomes
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of Physiology & Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Danielle Levitt
- Department of Physiology & Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patrick McTernan
- Department of Physiology & Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology & Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9020, USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9020, USA
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9141, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Sherman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
| | - Antonio Riva
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Sandra Phillips
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Steven Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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17
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Cakir M, Guven B, Issi F, Ozkaya E. New-onset celiac disease in children during COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:383-388. [PMID: 34738264 PMCID: PMC8652844 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to analyse the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the frequency and clinical presentation of celiac disease. Methods The study included the patients with celiac disease since January 2008. They were divided into 2 groups (diagnosed in pre‐pandemic [January 2008 and February 2020] [n = 148] and in pandemic period [March 2020 and June 2021] [n = 47]). Clinical and histological findings were compared between groups. Additionally, data about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were obtained in subgroup patients (n = 22) with celiac disease diagnosed during pandemic period. Results The number of patients per year (12.1–37.6) and the percentage of patients who were diagnosed with celiac disease/total endoscopy were increased during the pandemic period (2.2% vs. 10%, p < 0.00001). The association of celiac disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus was significantly high in pandemic period (4% vs. 17%, p = 0.002). Frequency of moderate‐severe mucosal lesions was low in pandemic period (42.4% vs. 81.7%, p = 0.0001). Clinical and laboratory markers for the past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were found in 36.3% of patients diagnosed during the pandemic period. Conclusion It seems that the frequency of celiac disease and its association with type 1 diabetes mellitus is increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cakir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
| | - Burcu Guven
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
| | - Fatma Issi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
| | - Esra Ozkaya
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey
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18
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Wang H, Wang H, Sun Y, Ren Z, Zhu W, Li A, Cui G. Potential Associations Between Microbiome and COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:785496. [PMID: 35004750 PMCID: PMC8727742 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.785496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has plunged the world into a major crisis. The disease is characterized by strong infectivity, high morbidity, and high mortality. It is still spreading in some countries. Microbiota and their metabolites affect human physiological health and diseases by participating in host digestion and nutrition, promoting metabolic function, and regulating the immune system. Studies have shown that human microecology is associated with many diseases, including COVID-19. In this research, we first reviewed the microbial characteristics of COVID-19 from the aspects of gut microbiome, lung microbime, and oral microbiome. We found that significant changes take place in both the gut microbiome and airway microbiome in patients with COVID-19 and are characterized by an increase in conditional pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Then, we summarized the possible microecological mechanisms involved in the progression of COVID-19. Intestinal microecological disorders in individuals may be involved in the occurrence and development of COVID-19 in the host through interaction with ACE2, mitochondria, and the lung-gut axis. In addition, fecal bacteria transplantation (FMT), prebiotics, and probiotics may play a positive role in the treatment of COVID-19 and reduce the fatal consequences of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Kumar A, Narayan RK, Prasoon P, Kumari C, Kaur G, Kumar S, Kulandhasamy M, Sesham K, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Pandey SN, Singh HN, Kant K, Shekhawat PS, Raza K, Kumar S. Mecanismos del COVID-19 en el cuerpo humano: Lo que sabemos hasta ahora. KOMPASS NEUMOLOGÍA 2022. [PMCID: PMC9059041 DOI: 10.1159/000521507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Anatomía, (AIIMS), Patna, India
| | - Ravi K. Narayan
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Anatomía, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas de las Islas Andamán y Nicobar, Port Blair, India
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Centro de Investigación del Dolor de Pittsburgh, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Estados Unidos
| | - Chiman Kumari
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Anatomía, Instituto de Posgrado de Educación e Investigación Médica (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Escuela de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Shoolini, Solan, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Anestesiología y Medicina Crítica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, Estados Unidos
| | - Maheswari Kulandhasamy
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Colegio Médico Maulana Azad (MAMC), Nueva Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Sesham
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Anatomía, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas de la India (AIIMS), Mangalagiri, Vijayawada, India
| | - Vikas Pareek
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Centro de Ciencias Cognitivas y del Cerebro, Instituto Indio de Tecnología Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Muneeb A. Faiq
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Universidad de Nueva York (NYU) Langone Health Center, Escuela de Medicina Robert I. Grossman de la NYU, Nueva York, New York, Estados Unidos
| | - Sada N. Pandey
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad Hindú de Banaras (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Himanshu N. Singh
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Centro Médico Irving de la Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York, New York, Estados Unidos
| | - Kamla Kant
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas de la India (AIIMS), Bathinda, India
| | - Prakash S. Shekhawat
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Hematología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas, Jaipur, India
| | - Khursheed Raza
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Departamento de Anatomía, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas de la India (AIIMS), Deoghar, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Red de Investigación de Trastornos Etiológicamente Elusivos (EEDRN), Nueva Delhi, India
- Centro de Proteómica y Desarrollo de Fármacos, Instituto de Biotecnología Amity, Universidad Amity, Maharashtra, India
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20
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Mediterranean Diet a Potential Strategy against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121389. [PMID: 34946334 PMCID: PMC8704657 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean Diet represents the traditional eating habits of populations living around the Mediterranean Sea, and it is associated with a lower risk of overall mortality and cancer incidence and cardiovascular diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a new pandemic, and represents a significant and critical threat to global human health. In this study, we aimed to review the possible effects of Mediterranean Diet against the risk of the coronavirus disease 2019. Several vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and phytochemicals with their potential anti-COVID-19 activity are presented. Different risk factors may increase or reduce the probability of contracting the disease. Mediterranean Diet has also a positive action on inflammation and immune system and could have a protective effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Further studies are needed to corroborate the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet protective role on infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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21
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Danilenko V, Devyatkin A, Marsova M, Shibilova M, Ilyasov R, Shmyrev V. Common Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Parkinson's Diseases: The Role of Microbiome, Pharmabiotics and Postbiotics in Their Prevention. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6349-6381. [PMID: 34876830 PMCID: PMC8643201 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, metagenomic studies have shown the key role of the gut microbiome in maintaining immune and neuroendocrine systems. Malfunction of the gut microbiome can induce inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Dysfunction of the gut microbiome can be caused by short-term (virus infection and other infectious diseases) or long-term (environment, nutrition, and stress) factors. Here, we reviewed the inflammation and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Here, we reviewed the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) involved in the processes of formation of oxidative stress and inflammation in viral and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the coronavirus uses ACE2 receptors of the RAAS to penetrate human cells. The coronavirus infection can be the trigger for neurodegenerative diseases by dysfunction of the RAAS. Pharmabiotics, postbiotics, and next-generation probiotics, are considered as a means to prevent oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative and viral diseases through gut microbiome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Devyatkin
- Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic CMP RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rustem Ilyasov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Kumar A, Narayan RK, Prasoon P, Kumari C, Kaur G, Kumar S, Kulandhasamy M, Sesham K, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Pandey SN, Singh HN, Kant K, Shekhawat PS, Raza K, Kumar S. COVID-19 Mechanisms in the Human Body-What We Know So Far. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693938. [PMID: 34790191 PMCID: PMC8592035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than one and a half years have elapsed since the commencement of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the world is struggling to contain it. Being caused by a previously unknown virus, in the initial period, there had been an extreme paucity of knowledge about the disease mechanisms, which hampered preventive and therapeutic measures against COVID-19. In an endeavor to understand the pathogenic mechanisms, extensive experimental studies have been conducted across the globe involving cell culture-based experiments, human tissue organoids, and animal models, targeted to various aspects of the disease, viz., viral properties, tissue tropism and organ-specific pathogenesis, involvement of physiological systems, and the human immune response against the infection. The vastly accumulated scientific knowledge on all aspects of COVID-19 has currently changed the scenario from great despair to hope. Even though spectacular progress has been made in all of these aspects, multiple knowledge gaps are remaining that need to be addressed in future studies. Moreover, multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have emerged across the globe since the onset of the first COVID-19 wave, with seemingly greater transmissibility/virulence and immune escape capabilities than the wild-type strain. In this review, we narrate the progress made since the commencement of the pandemic regarding the knowledge on COVID-19 mechanisms in the human body, including virus-host interactions, pulmonary and other systemic manifestations, immunological dysregulations, complications, host-specific vulnerability, and long-term health consequences in the survivors. Additionally, we provide a brief review of the current evidence explaining molecular mechanisms imparting greater transmissibility and virulence and immune escape capabilities to the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India
| | - Ravi K. Narayan
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Anatomy, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, India
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chiman Kumari
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maheswari Kulandhasamy
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Sesham
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri, Vijayawada, India
| | - Vikas Pareek
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Muneeb A. Faiq
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- New York University (NYU) Langone Health Center, NYU Robert I. Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sada N. Pandey
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Himanshu N. Singh
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kamla Kant
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, India
| | - Prakash S. Shekhawat
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Clinical Hematology, National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Khursheed Raza
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Deoghar, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
- Center for Proteomics and Drug Discovery, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Kozieł MJ, Ziaja M, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Intestinal Barrier, Claudins and Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:758. [PMID: 34822542 PMCID: PMC8622050 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is the main barrier against all of the substances that enter the body. Proper functioning of this barrier guarantees maintained balance in the organism. Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary fungi metabolites, that have a negative impact both on human and animal health. It was postulated that various mycotoxins may affect homeostasis by disturbing the intestinal barrier. Claudins are proteins that are involved in creating tight junctions between epithelial cells. A growing body of evidence underlines their role in molecular response to mycotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. This review summarizes the information connected with claudins, their association with an intestinal barrier, physiological conditions in general, and with gastrointestinal cancers. Moreover, this review also includes information about the changes in claudin expression upon exposition to various mycotoxins.
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24
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Serek P, Oleksy-Wawrzyniak M. The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11359. [PMID: 34768787 PMCID: PMC8583036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier plays an extremely important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the gut and the entire body. It is made up of an intricate system of cells, mucus and intestinal microbiota. A complex system of proteins allows the selective permeability of elements that are safe and necessary for the proper nutrition of the body. Disturbances in the tightness of this barrier result in the penetration of toxins and other harmful antigens into the system. Such events lead to various digestive tract dysfunctions, systemic infections, food intolerances and autoimmune diseases. Pathogenic and probiotic bacteria, and the compounds they secrete, undoubtedly affect the properties of the intestinal barrier. The discovery of zonulin, a protein with tight junction regulatory activity in the epithelia, sheds new light on the understanding of the role of the gut barrier in promoting health, as well as the formation of diseases. Coincidentally, there is an increasing number of reports on treatment methods that target gut microbiota, which suggests that the prevention of gut-barrier defects may be a viable approach for improving the condition of COVID-19 patients. Various bacteria-intestinal barrier interactions are the subject of this review, aiming to show the current state of knowledge on this topic and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Serek
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Oleksy-Wawrzyniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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25
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Teixeira PC, Dorneles GP, Santana Filho PC, da Silva IM, Schipper LL, Postiga IAL, Neves CAM, Rodrigues Junior LC, Peres A, Souto JTD, Fonseca SG, Eller S, Oliveira TF, Rotta LN, Thompson CE, Romão PRT. Increased LPS levels coexist with systemic inflammation and result in monocyte activation in severe COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108125. [PMID: 34543980 PMCID: PMC8426217 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal barrier alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including COVID-19. In this study we evaluate the association between bacterial translocation markers and systemic inflammation at the earliest time-point after hospitalization and at the last 72 h of hospitalization in survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients. Sixty-six SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients and nine non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls were admitted in this study. Blood samples were collected at hospital admission (T1) (Controls and COVID-19 patients) and 0-72 h before hospital discharge (T2, alive or dead) to analyze systemic cytokines and chemokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels. THP-1 human monocytic cell line was incubated with plasma from survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients and their phenotype, activation status, TLR4, and chemokine receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry. COVID-19 patients presented higher IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1β, and CCL5/RANTES levels than controls. Moreover, LPS and sCD14 were higher at hospital admission in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Non-survivors COVID-19 patients had increased LPS levels concomitant with higher IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL5/RANTES levels at T2. Increased expression of CD16 and CCR5 were identified in THP-1 cells incubated with the plasma of survivor patients obtained at T2. The incubation of THP-1 with T2 plasma of non-survivors COVID-19 leads to higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD69 expression. In conclusion, the coexistence of increased microbial translocation and hyperinflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 may lead to higher monocyte activation, which may be associated with worsening outcomes, such as death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilson P Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Paulo C Santana Filho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Igor M da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Schipper
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabelle A L Postiga
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Andretta Moreira Neves
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Janeusa Trindade de Souto
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Eller
- Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liane N Rotta
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claudia Elizabeth Thompson
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Pharmacosciences Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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26
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Wang J, Zhao H, Lv K, Zhao W, Zhang N, Yang F, Wen X, Jiang X, Tian J, Liu X, Ho CT, Li S. Pterostilbene Ameliorates DSS-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Loss in Mice via Suppression of the NF-κB-Mediated MLCK-MLC Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3871-3878. [PMID: 33759516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of the intestinal barrier is critical for homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of pterostilbene (PTE) on the intestinal epithelium barrier. In vitro results of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 cells indicated that PTE counteracted tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced barrier damage. In vivo PTE pretreatment markedly ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Notably, intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) molecules were restored by PTE in mice exposed to DSS. The mechanism study revealed that PTE prevented myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) from driving phosphorylation of MLC (p-MLC), which is crucial for maintaining intestinal TJ stability. Furthermore, PTE blunted translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 into the nucleus to downregulate MLCK expression and then to safeguard TJs and barrier integrity. These findings suggest that PTE protected the intestinal epithelial barrier through the NF-κB- MLCK/p-MLC signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Histololgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jingrui Tian
- Department of Histololgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing100024, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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27
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García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez O, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Pekarek L, Castellanos AJ, Noguerales-Fraguas F, Coca S, Guijarro LG, García-Honduvilla N, Asúnsolo A, Sanchez-Trujillo L, Lahera G, Bujan J, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Álvarez-Mon MA, Ortega MA. Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota-Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:699. [PMID: 33671569 PMCID: PMC7927055 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising worldwide. All of them share the condition of an "inflammatory disorder", with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have in common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is the greatest modulator of immune system-microbiota crosstalk, and much interest, and new challenges, are arising in the area of precision nutrition as a way towards treatment and prevention. It is a fact that the westernized diet (WD) is partly responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs, negatively affecting both gut microbiota and the immune system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such as Mediterranean diet (MD), positively influence immune system and gut microbiota, and is proposed not only as a potential tool in the clinical management of different disease conditions, but also for prevention and health promotion globally. Thus, the purpose of this review is to determine the regulatory role of nutritional components of WD and MD in the gut microbiota and immune system interplay, in order to understand, and create awareness of, the influence of diet over both key components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Alejandro J. Castellanos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Fernando Noguerales-Fraguas
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (F.N.-F.); (A.A.)
- Department of General Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (F.N.-F.); (A.A.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
| | - Lara Sanchez-Trujillo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares,28806 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
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