1
|
Srivastava A, Ahmad R, Yadav K, Siddiqui S, Trivedi A, Misra A, Mehrotra S, Ahmad B, Ali Khan M. An update on existing therapeutic options and status of novel anti-metastatic agents in breast cancer: Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic action of Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in breast cancer attenuation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112232. [PMID: 38815352 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Major significant advancements in pharmacology and drug technology have been made to heighten the impact of cancer therapies, improving the life expectancy of subjects diagnosed with malignancy. Statistically, 99% of breast cancers occur in women while 0.5-1% occur in men, the female gender being the strongest breast cancer risk factor. Despite several breakthroughs, breast cancer continues to have a worldwide impact and is one of the leading causes of mortality. Additionally, resistance to therapy is a crucial factor enabling cancer cell persistence and resurgence. As a result, the search and discovery of novel modulatory agents and effective therapies capable of controlling tumor progression and cancer cell proliferation is critical. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS), commonly known as Indian ginseng, has long been used traditionally for the treatment of several ailments in the Indian context. Recently, WS and its phytoconstituents have shown promising anti-breast cancer properties and, as such, can be employed as prophylactic as well as therapeutic adjuncts to the main line of breast cancer treatment. The present review is an attempt to explore and provide experimental evidences in support of the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of WS in breast cancer, along with a deeper insight into the multiple molecular mechanisms and novel targets through which it acts against breast and other hormonally-induced cancers viz. ovarian, uterine and cervical. This exploration might prove crucial in providing better understanding of breast cancer progression and metastasis and its use as an adjunct in improving disease prognosis and therapeutic outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Srivastava
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Rumana Ahmad
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, UP., India.
| | - Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Anchal Trivedi
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Aparna Misra
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Sudhir Mehrotra
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, UP., India.
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Research Cell, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Dept. of Research & Development, Era University, Lucknow 226003, UP., India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marney LC, Choi J, Alcazar Magana A, Yang L, Techen N, Alam MN, Brandes M, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry quantification of phytochemicals in Withania somnifera using data-dependent acquisition, multiple-reaction-monitoring, and parallel-reaction-monitoring with an inclusion list. Front Chem 2024; 12:1373535. [PMID: 39100918 PMCID: PMC11294917 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1373535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterization of botanical extracts by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis helps in determining the phytochemical composition that underlies their bioactivity and potential health benefits, while also supporting reproducibility of effects in clinical trials. The quantification of seven withanolides in Withania somnifera using three mass-spectrometry methods was evaluated using Deming regression. Two high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry methods were used, one operating in data-dependent acquisition mode and the other in parallel-reaction-monitoring mode with an inclusion list. The two high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry methods were compared to a multiple-reaction-monitoring method. We evaluated in-source fragmentation of steroidal glycosides and optimized the methods accordingly. A novel software approach to integrating parallel-reaction-monitoring data acquired with an inclusion list was developed. Combining and comparing quantitative results allowed for quantitative specificity, good precision, and adjustment of instrument source conditions for optimal quantification by multiple-reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry, an analytical method that is widely accessible in analytical and phytochemical laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Marney
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Natascha Techen
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Md Nure Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mikah Brandes
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zajkowska I, Niczyporuk P, Urbaniak A, Tomaszek N, Modzelewski S, Waszkiewicz N. Investigating the Impacts of Diet, Supplementation, Microbiota, Gut-Brain Axis on Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2228. [PMID: 39064675 PMCID: PMC11279812 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disease with a complex etiology that significantly impairs the functioning of patients. In recent years, there has been increasing focus on the importance of the gut microbiota in the context of the gut-brain axis. In our study, we analyzed data on the gut-brain axis in relation to schizophrenia, as well as the impacts of eating habits, the use of various supplements, and diets on schizophrenia. Additionally, the study investigated the impact of antipsychotics on the development of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. There may be significant clinical benefits to be gained from therapies supported by supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and probiotics. The results suggest the need for a holistic approach to the treatment of schizophrenia, incorporating both drug therapy and dietary interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Modzelewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272 Białystok, Poland; (I.Z.); (N.W.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gupta V, Srivastava R. Ashwagandha Diminishes Hippocampal Apoptosis Induced by Microwave Radiation by Acetylcholinesterase Dependent Neuro-Inflammatory Pathway in Male Coturnix coturnix Japonica. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1687-1702. [PMID: 38506951 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Microwave radiation (MWR) has been linked to neurodegeneration by inducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus of brain responsible for learning and memory. Ashwagandha (ASW), a medicinal plant is known to prevent neurodegeneration and promote neuronal health. This study investigated the effects of MWR and ASW on oxidative stress and cholinergic imbalance in the hippocampus of adult male Japanese quail. One control group received no treatment, the second group quails were exposed to MWR at 2 h/day for 30 days, third was administered with ASW root extract orally 100 mg/day/kg body weight and the fourth was exposed to MWR and also treated with ASW. The results showed that MWR increased serum corticosterone levels, disrupted cholinergic balance and induced neuro-inflammation. This neuro-inflammation further led to oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GSH. MWR also caused a significant decline in the nissil substances in the hippocampus region of brain indicating neurodegeneration through oxidative stress mediated hippocampal apoptosis. ASW, on the other hand, was able to effectively enhance the cholinergic balance and subsequently lower inflammation in hippocampus neurons. This suggests that ASW can protect against the neurodegenerative effects of MWR. ASW also reduced excessive ROS production by increasing the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes. Additionally, ASW prevented neurodegeneration through decreased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-7 in hippocampus, thus promoting neuronal health. In conclusion, this study showed that MWR induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain, while ASW reduces excessive ROS production, prevents neurodegeneration and promotes neuronal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Gupta
- Avian Reproductive and Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, 211002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Halder T, Ghosh B. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Enhanced production of withanolides and phenolic acids from hairy root culture after application of elicitors. J Biotechnol 2024; 388:59-71. [PMID: 38636845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is an important indigenous medicinal plant with extensive pharmaceutical potential. The root is the main source of major bioactive compounds of this plant species including withanolides, withanine, phenolic acids, etc. Hairy root culture (HRC) is a crucial method for low-cost production of active compounds on a large scale. Four different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains have been used for the hairy root induction. Maximum transformation efficiency (87.34 ± 2.13%) was achieved with A4 bacterial strain-mediated transformed culture. The genetic transformation was confirmed by using specific primers of seven different genes. Seven HR (Hairy root) lines were selected after screening 29 HR lines based on their fast growth rate and high accumulation of withanolides and phenolic acids content. Two biotic and three abiotic elicitors were applied to the elite root line to trigger more accumulation of withanolides and phenolic acids. While all the elicitors effectively increased withanolides and phenolic acids production, among the five different elicitors, salicylic acid (4.14 mg l-1) induced 11.49 -fold increase in withanolides (89.07 ± 2.75 mg g-1 DW) and 5.34- fold increase in phenolic acids (83.69 ± 3.11 mg g- 1 DW) after 5 days of elicitation compared to the non-elicited culture (7.75 ± 0.63 mg g-1 DW of withanolides and 15.66 ± 0.92 mg g-1 DW of phenolic acids). These results suggest that elicitors can tremendously increase the biosynthesis of active compounds in this system; thus, the HRC of W. somnifera is cost-effective and can be efficiently used for the industrial production of withanolides and phenolic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Halder
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, India.
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Current issues in phytomedicine research - Conundrum on the chemistry of ashwagandha and its biological effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117871. [PMID: 38325672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saha P, Ajgaonkar S, Maniar D, Sahare S, Mehta D, Nair S. Current insights into transcriptional role(s) for the nutraceutical Withania somnifera in inflammation and aging. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1370951. [PMID: 38765810 PMCID: PMC11099240 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1370951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The health-beneficial effects of nutraceuticals in various diseases have received enhanced attention in recent years. Aging is a continuous process wherein physiological activity of an individual declines over time and is characterized by various indefinite hallmarks which contribute toward aging-related comorbidities in an individual which include many neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac problems, diabetes, bone-degeneration, and cancer. Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process that has an important function in driving aging. Currently, a growing body of evidence substantiates the connection between epigenetic modifications and the aging process, along with aging-related diseases. These modifications are now being recognized as promising targets for emerging therapeutic interventions. Considering that almost all the biological processes are modulated by RNAs, numerous RNA-binding proteins have been found to be linked to aging and age-related complexities. Currently, studies have shed light on the ability of the nutraceutical Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to influence RNA expression, stability, and processing, offering insights into its mechanisms of action. By targeting RNA-related pathways, Withania somnifera may exhibit promising effects in ameliorating age-associated molecular changes, which include modifications in gene expression and signaling networks. This review summarizes the potential role of Withania somnifera as a nutraceutical in modulating RNA-level changes associated with aging, encompassing both in vitro and in vivo studies. Taken together, the putative role(s) of Withania in modulation of key RNAs will provide insights into understanding the aging process and facilitate the development of various preventive and therapeutic strategies employing nutraceuticals for healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praful Saha
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Saiprasad Ajgaonkar
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Dishant Maniar
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Simran Sahare
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Dilip Mehta
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- PhytoVeda Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Viridis Biopharma Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Murali A, Vishwanathan DT, Mamidala RV, Mundkur L. A Standardized Withania somnifera (Linn.) Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:459-468. [PMID: 37878284 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Withania somnifera (Linn) or Ashwagandha is used in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems as an adaptogen and a neuroprotective supplement. Objective: The effect of Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) standardized for 2.5% full-spectrum withanolides as per The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) protocol with piperine (500 mg with 5 mg of 95% piperine) once a day (12.5 mg withanolides/day) was evaluated in individuals with mild to moderate depression and anxiety. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study, for 90 days, 70 participants were randomized to ARE (n = 34) or placebo (n = 36) once daily at night. Mean change in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Groningen Sleep Quality Scale (GSQS), and quality of life (QOL) from screening to days 30, 60, and 90 were evaluated. Safety was evaluated by monitoring any incidence of adverse events and laboratory parameters. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated-measure ANOVA were used to compare ARE and placebo, and the changes within the group at different time points. Results: Seventy individuals were randomized and all of them completed the study. The HARS, HDRS, GSQS, and QOL scores improved significantly (p < 0.001) in all the participants taking ARE compared to placebo on days 30, 60, and 90. Anxiety and depression improved from baseline to end of the study in both groups, but the quantum of improvement was significantly higher in ARE. Serum levels of serotonin increased in ARE, but showed a decrease in placebo, the difference being statically significant (p < 0.001). Biochemical and hematological parameters remained in the normal range in all participants and ARE was well tolerated during the study. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that 500 mg of ARE standardized for 2.5% withanolides with 5 mg piperine is beneficial in improving depression, and anxiety, by increasing serum serotonin levels. The trial was registered prospectively with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) with the registration number CTRI/2022/05/042640, on May 18, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Bangalore, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Macharia JM, Pande DO, Zand A, Budán F, Káposztás Z, Kövesdi O, Varjas T, Raposa BL. In Vitro Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Gene Targets by Withania somnifera L. Methanolic Extracts: A Focus on Specific Genome Regulation. Nutrients 2024; 16:1140. [PMID: 38674831 PMCID: PMC11054881 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An approach that shows promise for quickening the evolution of innovative anticancer drugs is the assessment of natural biomass sources. Our study sought to assess the effect of W. somnifera L. (WS) methanolic root and stem extracts on the expression of five targeted genes (cyclooxygenase-2, caspase-9, 5-Lipoxygenase, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large, and B-cell lymphoma 2) in colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 cell lines). Plant extracts were prepared for bioassay by dissolving them in dimethyl sulfoxide. Caco-2 cell lines were exposed to various concentrations of plant extracts, followed by RNA extraction for analysis. By explicitly relating phytoconstituents of WS to the dose-dependent overexpression of caspase-9 genes and the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, 5-Lipoxygenase, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large, and B-cell lymphoma 2 genes, our novel findings characterize WS as a promising natural inhibitor of colorectal cancer (CRC) growth. Nonetheless, we recommend additional in vitro research to verify the current findings. With significant clinical benefits hypothesized, we offer WS methanolic root and stem extracts as potential organic antagonists for colorectal carcinogenesis and suggest further in vivo and clinical investigations, following successful in vitro trials. We recommend more investigation into the specific phytoconstituents in WS that contribute to the regulatory mechanisms that inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Macharia
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty Mihály Str. 4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Daniel O. Pande
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Science & Technology, School of Science and Applied Technology, Laikipia University, Nyahururu P.O. Box 1100-20300, Kenya
| | - Afshin Zand
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Budán
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Káposztás
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kövesdi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty Mihály Str. 4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Varjas
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bence L. Raposa
- Institute of Basics of Health Sciences, Midwifery and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty Mihály Str. 4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Verma N, Gupta SK, Patil S, Tiwari S, Mishra AK. Effects of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) standardized root extract on physical endurance and VO 2max in healthy adults performing resistance training: An eight-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. F1000Res 2024; 12:335. [PMID: 38988644 PMCID: PMC11234080 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130932.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ashwagandha is a well-known Ayurvedic herb used for youthful vigor and wellbeing. This study investigated the effects of 600 mg standardized root extract (>5% withanolides) of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) on muscle size, strength and cardiorespiratory endurance following resistance training. Methods In this eight-week, parallel-group, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, 80 healthy male and female participants aged 18-45 years, who engaged in regular physical activity were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive Ashwagandha (AG, n=40) 300 mg capsules twice daily for eight weeks, or identical placebo (PB, n=40). Seven (3 AG, 4 PB) participants were excluded due to poor compliance. All participants conducted eight-week resistance training. Study outcomes included muscle strength (1RM bench press and leg extension), muscle size (circumference of arm, chest and upper thigh) and cardio-respiratory endurance (VO 2max) assessed at baseline and at eight weeks. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to estimate adjusted differences based on sex, BMI and chest circumference at baseline. Results AG caused greater improvement in bench press (males: p = 0.0084; females: p = 0.0005), leg press (males: p = 0.0049; females: p = 0.018) and endurance (males: p <0.0001; females: p <0.0001) as compared to PB. Also, greater improvements in muscle girth for arm, chest and thigh were seen in both male and female participants with AG. No adverse events were reported in the study. Conclusions Eight weeks of AG root extract supplementation along with resistance training is effective in improving muscle strength, growth and endurance in both male and female participants. AG root extract could be a safer, effective and low-cost alternative for athletes to improve muscle endurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narsingh Verma
- Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Gupta
- Internal Medicine, M V Hospital and Research Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Sayali Patil
- Pharmacology, D. Y. Patil deemed to be University - School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400607, India
| | - Shashank Tiwari
- Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mishra
- Clinical Research, M V Hospital and Research Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lerose V, Ponticelli M, Benedetto N, Carlucci V, Lela L, Tzvetkov NT, Milella L. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, a Potential Source of Phytochemicals for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:771. [PMID: 38592845 PMCID: PMC10976061 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is a medicinal plant belonging to the traditional Indian medical system, showing various therapeutic effects such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective activity. Of great interest is W. somnifera's potential beneficial effect against neurodegenerative diseases, since the authorized medicinal treatments can only delay disease progression and provide symptomatic relief and are not without side effects. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases was performed to identify preclinical and clinical studies focusing on the applications of W. somnifera in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Only English articles and those containing the keywords (Withania somnifera AND "neurodegenerative diseases", "neuroprotective effects", "Huntington", "Parkinson", "Alzheimer", "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis", "neurological disorders") in the title or abstract were considered. Reviews, editorials, letters, meta-analyses, conference papers, short surveys, and book chapters were not considered. Selected articles were grouped by pathologies and summarized, considering the mechanism of action. The quality assessment and the risk of bias were performed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions checklist. This review uses a systematic approach to summarize the results from 60 investigations to highlight the potential role of W. somnifera and its specialized metabolites in treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lerose
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Nadia Benedetto
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Vittorio Carlucci
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology & Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (V.L.); (N.B.); (V.C.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patibandla S, Gallagher JJ, Patibandla L, Ansari AZ, Qazi S, Brown SF. Ayurvedic Herbal Medicines: A Literature Review of Their Applications in Female Reproductive Health. Cureus 2024; 16:e55240. [PMID: 38558676 PMCID: PMC10981444 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda, an ancient holistic and personalized healing system originating from the Indian subcontinent, has been gaining increasing attention as a complementary and alternative medical practice for treating various health conditions, including those related to women's reproductive well-being. This comprehensive literature review examines a wide array of experimental and clinical studies exploring the diverse facets of Ayurvedic interventions in addressing issues such as menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), infertility, and menopausal symptoms. The paper specifically focuses on discussing the available data regarding the efficacy of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), ginger (Zingiber officinale), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), and Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), which have traditionally been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. The synthesis of literature not only highlights the potential benefits of these Ayurvedic interventions, but also critically assesses the methodological rigor of existing studies, identifying research gaps, and proposing directions for future investigations. While acknowledging the need for further rigorous research and clinical trials, the review emphasizes the benefits of collaborative and integrative healthcare. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for healthcare practitioners, researchers, and individuals seeking holistic and natural alternatives for female reproductive health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srihita Patibandla
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, USA
| | - Joshua J Gallagher
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, USA
| | | | - Ali Z Ansari
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, USA
| | - Shayaan Qazi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Samuel F Brown
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Central Regional Medical Center, Laurel, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baghel K, Azam Z, Srivastava R. Dietary restriction-induced alterations on estrogen receptor alpha expression in regulating fertility in male Coturnix coturnix japonica: Relevance of Withania somnifera in modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in testis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13816. [PMID: 38414306 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Reproductive performance of animals gets affected by nutritional restrictions which act as potential stressors leading to hormonal imbalance and testicular inflammation, the major causes of infertility. Withania somnifera (WS), well-known traditional medicinal plant, has been used as antistress and infertility treatment. Therefore, the present study looks into the ameliorative effects of WS on the reproductive and immune system of male Coturnix coturnix japonica in stressed conditions like water and food restriction focussing on the modulation in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). METHOD OF STUDY Biochemical estimations for oxidative stress, histological alterations, immuno-fluorescent localization of ERα, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in testicular cells were performed. RESULTS Nutritional restriction declines endogenous estradiol, ERα in testicular cells while it elevates corticosterone leading to oxidative stress in testis thereby reducing fertility by decrease in sperm. Results indicate significant reversal in all the parameters after the administration of WS by improving testicular cell morphology, increased superoxide and catalase activity thus reducing oxidative stress. WS increases spermatogenesis and enhances expression of ERα in testicular cells in quail. Further, WS increases IL-4, decreases IL-1β and IFN-γ expression in testis, thereby improving immune profile contrary to stressed conditions. CONCLUSION WS stimulates HPG-axis even after stress resulting in increased endogenous estradiol which stimulates the expression of ERα in testis; increases sperm count and immunity thereby improving the reproductive performance. WS may be the best therapy against nutritional-restriction stress induced reproductive toxicity by reducing oxidative stress mediated inflammatory response via increased testicular expression of ERα in quail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Baghel
- Department of Zoology, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Zaffar Azam
- Department of Zoology, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, (A Central University), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gopalaiah SB, Jayaseelan K. Analytical Strategies to Investigate Molecular Signaling, Proteomics, Extraction and Quantification of Withanolides - A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38300174 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2307887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Withanolides are the class of steroidal molecules getting greater emphasis in recent years. Quality control throughout the manufacturing and storage period is often one of the key problems that have restricted their broad use in India's indigenous and Ayurvedic medical systems for thousands of years. Because of their diverse clinical potential, withanolides have received a great deal of scientific attention. Analytical techniques are being devised for the automated isolation, identification, and estimation of every single protein within the cell as well as in herbal extracts of withanolides, due to which now researchers are interested in determining the effects of metabolism as well as various stimuli on protein expression, which made the study easier. This study discusses the potential use of hyphenated analytical methods that are reliable in understanding the molecular signaling features, proteome evaluation and characterization of withanolides, in addition to examining existing methodological limitations. The choice of analytical techniques for the withanolides analysis, however, relies on the nature of the sample matrix, the aim of the analysis, and the sensitivity of the technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinchana B Gopalaiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Kavitha Jayaseelan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahmed HA, El-Darier SM. Phytochemistry, allelopathy and anticancer potentiality of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e263815. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Withania somnifera is a wild plant that shows great activity and safety against several human diseases. The current research explored the plant's chemical composition and allelopathic effects on Rumex dentatus (recipient plant). Moreover, anticancer activity is also tested against four types of human cancer cell lines. Chemical analysis of W. somnifera showed a high percentage of saponins and tannins, while glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids occurred in the second order. Results of the allelopathic experiments revealed significant inhibition of the R. dentatus plumule and radicle lengths as well as their relative dry weights. In addition, significant reductions in some primary metabolites of R. dentatus, like non-reducing and total sugar as well as soluble proteins, were determined. Cytotoxic potentiality of W. somnifera was also proved against four different cancer lines, namely; human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2), human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549), human breast cancer cell line (MCF7), and colon cancer cell line (CaCo2) with IC50 value of about 38, 19, 27, and 24 ��g/ml, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Ahmed
- King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vaidya VG, Gothwad A, Ganu G, Girme A, Modi SJ, Hingorani L. Clinical safety and tolerability evaluation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) root extract in healthy human volunteers. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100859. [PMID: 38154316 PMCID: PMC10784694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, known as Ashwagandha, is an adaptogen with significant importance in Ayurveda for its potential health benefits in strength ('balavardhan') and muscle growth ('mamsavardhan'). Despite numerous studies on its efficacy, limited research is reported on its clinical safety and tolerability in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE This research evaluated the tolerability and safety of standardized Withania somnifera root extract (WSE) capsules (AgeVel®/Witholytin®) at 1000 mg/day dose upon oral administration in healthy male participants. METHOD A non-randomized, open-label, single-treatment clinical study included eighteen healthy male participants aged 18 to 60. The participants were administered a dose of 500 mg of the WSE capsules twice daily for four weeks. Each capsule contained not less than 7.50 mg of total withanolides. The study evaluated various indicators in a cohort of healthy participants throughout the trial, including vital signs, organ function tests, urine analysis, X-ray and ECG, cardiorespiratory endurance, body fat percentage, lean body weight, adverse events profile, and tolerability of the WSE capsules. RESULTS The participant's physical, hematological, and biochemical characteristics were normal, and no significant alterations or irregularities were observed in safety metrics like liver, kidney, and thyroid functions after administering AgeVel®/Witholytin®. CONCLUSION This study found that healthy male participants could consume a standardized WSE at a daily dosage of 1000 mg for four weeks without any adverse effects. Future research should focus on long-term safety assessments in male and female participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidyadhar G Vaidya
- Lokmanya Medical Research Centre and Hospital, Pune, 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Gothwad
- Lokmanya Medical Research Centre and Hospital, Pune, 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gayatri Ganu
- Mprex Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Pune, 411057, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aboli Girme
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand, 388430, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Lal Hingorani
- Pharmanza Herbal Pvt. Ltd., Anand, 388430, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim SK, Venkatesan J, Rathi P, Antony B. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extracts - A double blind, crossover study in healthy adults. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22843. [PMID: 38144272 PMCID: PMC10746415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Withania somnifera (WS) or ashwagandha is an adaptogenic plant used extensively in traditional medicines and as a food supplement. Despite a long history of use and numerous clinical trials, the human pharmacokinetics of withanolides, the active phytochemicals in WS extracts, have not been fully evaluated. This study evaluated the oral pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of active withanolides in human plasma after administration of a single dose of two commercial ashwagandha extracts containing equal amounts of total withanolides. Methods This randomized, double-blind, single-dose crossover study of 16 healthy human volunteers evaluated the acute oral bioavailability of withanolides and the bioequivalence of two WS extracts, WS-35 and WS-2.5. WS-35 was standardized to total withanolides not less than 40% comprising not less than 35% withanolide glycosides and WS-2.5 was standardized to 2.5% withanolides. The clinical dosages were normalized to 185 mg of total withanolide in each extract at the bioequivalent dosages. The pharmacokinetic parameters of withanolide A, withanoside IV, withaferin A, and total withanolides were quantified in the blood plasma using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Results The half-life, C-max, and mean residence time of the total withanolides were 5.18, 5.62 and 4.13 times significantly higher and had lower systemic clearance with WS-35 than with WS-2.5 extract. Considering the plasma AUC 0-inf of total withanolides per mg of each WS extract administered orally, WS-35 was 280.74 times more bioavailable than WS-2.5. Conclusion The results of this study highlight the importance of withanolide glycosides in improving the pharmacokinetics of WS extracts. Owing to its superior pharmacokinetic profile, WS-35, with 35% withanolide glycosides, is a promising candidate for further studies on Withania somnifera. Clinical trial registration CTRI/2020/10/028397 [registered on:13/10/2020] (Trial prospectively registered) http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=42149&EncHid=&userName=CTRI/2020/10/028397.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Kwon Kim
- College of Science & Technology, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, Ansan, 11558, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayachandran Venkatesan
- Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Priyank Rathi
- Synergen Bio Private Limited, Sai Chambers, Shivajinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411003, India
| | - Benny Antony
- Arjuna Natural Pvt. Ltd., Innovation Centre, Behind ISRO, Erumathala P.O., Keezhmad, Kerala, 683 112, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ojha MD, Yadav A, P H. Analyzing the potential of selected plant extracts and their structurally diverse secondary metabolites for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity: in vitro and in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9523-9538. [PMID: 36345773 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2142847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting α-glucosidase activity is a therapeutic method to regulate post-prandial hyperglycemia in humans. Here, in-vitro and in-silico studies were used to find α-glucosidase inhibitory plant secondary metabolites (PSM). Among 408 solvent extracts from 70 plants tested for α-glucosidase inhibition, 174 had IC50 ≤ 3 mg/ml. α-glucosidase inhibitory PSM is found in several plant species and solvent extracts, indicating their diversity. Further, ensemble molecular docking and structural activity relationship analysis supported this hypothesis where the top 100 PSM with the least binding energy (BE) among the 539 PSM belonged to sesquiterpenoids (34%), catechols (11%), flavonoids (9%) and steroidal lactones (8%). Shortlisted 11 PSM were subjected to molecular dynamic simulation. Withanolide J recorded the least BE of -66.424 ± 22.333 kJ/mol, followed by Withacoagulin I (-64.665 ± 24.030 kJ/mol). When different simulation frames were analyzed, PSM of withanolide groups was stabilized in the narrow entrance of the active pocket forming H-bond with LYS156, TYR158, PHE159, PHE303 PRO312, LEU313, ARG315 and PHE134. Similarly, Hydroxytuberosone and 1, 8-Dihydroxy-3-carboxy-9, 10-anthraquinone (DHCA) formed H-bond with ASP307 located on the loop at the entrance of the active pocket. In the case of Neoliquiritin and Kaempferol-3-o-alpha-L-rhamnoside (KALR), glucose moiety interacted with the GLU277 and ASP215 (catalytic amino acid residues) through H-bonds. In addition, these 11 PSM were found to fulfil the criteria of drug-likeness as per Lipinski's rule of five and pharmacokinetic profile. The present study strengthens the library of α-glucosidase inhibitory plants and PSM, providing valuable information for Type-II Diabetes mellitus management.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monu Dinesh Ojha
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Yadav
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Hariprasad P
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Mundkur L. A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35521. [PMID: 37832082 PMCID: PMC10578737 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a surge in stress, anxiety, and depression worldwide. Ashwagandha, an ayurvedic adaptogen has been traditionally used to manage stress, anxiety, and general well-being. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of Ashwagandha root extract (ARE-500 mg) standardized for 2.5% withanolides as per USP protocol with piperine (5 mg of 95% piperine) once daily for 60 days (12.5 mg withanolides/day) to alleviate stress and anxiety in healthy individuals with mild to moderate symptoms. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted for 60 days using ARE (n = 27) and placebo (n = 27) once daily at night at Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Bangalore, and Vijaya Super Specialty Hospital, Nellore, in India. The objectives of this study were to assess an improvement in perceived stress scale (PSS), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), quality of life (QOL), cognitive scores in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), changes in salivary cortisol, urinary serotonin, dopamine, serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) from baseline to end of the study. Safety was evaluated by laboratory parameters, and by monitoring any incidence of adverse events. RESULTS 54 individuals were randomized and 50 of them completed the study. The PSS, GAD-7, and QOL scores improved significantly in all the participants taking ARE compared to the placebo. The CANTAB analysis revealed a significant improvement in multitasking, concentration, and decision taking time in ARE compared to placebo. ARE was also associated with a greater reduction in the morning salivary cortisol and an increase in urinary serotonin compared to placebo. Serum levels of NO, GSH, and MDA were not significantly different. Biochemical and hematological parameters remained in the normal range in all participants and ARE was well tolerated during the study. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that ARE with 2.5% withanolides can effectively improve stress and anxiety by reducing cortisol and increasing serotonin in healthy individuals with mild to moderate symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, USA
| | | | - Lakshmi Mundkur
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Siwek M, Woroń J, Wrzosek A, Gupało J, Chrobak AA. Harder, better, faster, stronger? Retrospective chart review of adverse events of interactions between adaptogens and antidepressant drugs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1271776. [PMID: 37829299 PMCID: PMC10565488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1271776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to systematically evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of adverse events associated with the adaptogens and antidepressant drug interactions in a retrospective chart review. Methodology: A total of 1,816 reports of adverse events were evaluated. Cases were included in the analysis if the pharmacoepidemiological analysis showed the presence of a high probability of a causal relationship between an adaptogen and antidepressant interaction and the occurrence of adverse events. The following data were extracted from the reports: age, sex, antidepressant, plant products containing adaptogens, other concomitant medications, and clinical consequences of the interactions and their possible mechanisms. Results: Adaptogens were involved in 9% of adverse events associated with the concomitant use of antidepressants and other preparations. We identified 30 reports in which side effects presented a causal relationship with the use of antidepressants and adaptogens. Here, we present the list of adaptogens with the corresponding antidepressants and the side effects caused by their interactions: Withania somnifera: reboxetine (testicle pain and ejaculatory dysfunctions), sertraline (severe diarrhea), escitalopram (myalgia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, restless legs syndrome, and severe cough), and paroxetine (generalized myalgia, ophthalmalgia, and ocular hypertension); Eleutherococcus senticosus: duloxetine (upper gastrointestinal bleeding), paroxetine (epistaxis), sertraline (vaginal hemorrhage), and agomelatine (irritability, agitation, headache, and dizziness); Schisandra chinensis: bupropion (arthralgia and thrombocytopenia), amitriptyline (delirium), and fluoxetine (dysuria); Tribulus terrestris: citalopram (generalized pruritus), escitalopram (galactorrhea), and trazodone (psoriasis relapse); Coptis chinensis: mianserin (arrhythmias), mirtazapine (edema of lower limbs and myalgia), and fluoxetine (gynecomastia); Cimicifuga racemosa: mianserin (restless legs syndrome), paroxetine (gynecomastia and mastalgia), and venlafaxine (hyponatremia); Bacopa monnieri: agomelatine (back pain and hyperhidrosis) and moclobemide (myocardial infarction); Gynostemma pentaphyllum: duloxetine (back pain); Cordyceps sinensis: sertraline (upper gastrointestinal bleeding); Lepidium meyenii: mianserin (restless legs syndrome); and Scutellaria baicalensis: bupropion (seizures). Conclusion: Clinicians should monitor the adverse events associated with the concomitant use of adaptogens and antidepressant drugs in patients with mental disorders. Aggregation of side effects and pharmacokinetic interactions (inhibition of CYP and p-glycoprotein) between those medicines may result in clinically significant adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Woroń
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
- University Center for Monitoring and Research on Adverse Drug Effects in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wrzosek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Interdisciplinary Intensive Care, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Gupało
- Pharma Consult, Pharmacotherapy Safety Team, Zakopane, Poland
| | - Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez Afonso A, Fernandez-Lazaro D, Adams DP, Monserdà-Vilaró A, Fernandez-Lazaro CI. Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Hematological and Biochemical Markers, Hormonal Behavior, and Oxidant Response in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:465-477. [PMID: 37428341 PMCID: PMC10444651 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ws) is a common herb plant that has been used for centuries to treat a wide range of conditions, particularly certain chronic diseases due to its antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antistress, and chondroprotective effects, among many others. No conclusive evidence, however, exists about the potential health effects of Ws in adults without chronic conditions. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the health benefits of Ws supplementation in healthy adults. RECENT FINDINGS: Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed to assess the effects of Ws on hematological and biochemical markers, hormonal behavior, and oxidant response in healthy adults. Original articles published up to March 5, 2022, with a controlled trial design or pre-post intervention design, in which supplementation of Ws was compared to a control group or data prior to intervention were included. Among 2,421 records identified in the search, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, most of the studies reported beneficial effects of the Ws supplementation, and no serious adverse events were reported. Participants supplemented with Ws displayed reduced levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, and counterbalanced hormone levels. No evidence of the beneficial effects of Ws supplementation on hematological markers was reported. Ws supplementation appears to be safe, may regulate hormone levels, and has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the relevance of its application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez Afonso
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Fernandez-Lazaro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética, Histología y Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, 42004, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación Reconocido "Neurobiología", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, 47005, Spain.
| | - David P Adams
- University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Aniol Monserdà-Vilaró
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar I Fernandez-Lazaro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ross SM. Ashwagandha: An Effective Phytomedicine for Reducing Stress and Anxiety. Holist Nurs Pract 2023; 37:298-300. [PMID: 37595121 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Maxine Ross
- Integrative Health Practitioner; served as the founding Director of Dept. of Complementary and Integrative Health, Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jadaun P, Harshithkumar R, Gaikwad SY, Seniya C, Borse S, Gawai AA, Chavan-Gautam P, Tillu G, Mukherjee A. Withania somnifera extracts induced attenuation of HIV-1: a mechanistic approach to restrict viral infection. Virol J 2023; 20:173. [PMID: 37537596 PMCID: PMC10401819 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several anti-retroviral drugs are available against Human immunodeficiency virus type-1, but have multiple adverse side effects. Hence, there is an incessant compulsion for effectual anti-retroviral agents with minimal or no intricacy. Traditionally, natural products have been the most successful source for the development of new medications. Withania somnifera, also known as Ashwagandha, is the utmost treasured medicinal plant used in Ayurveda, which holds the potential to give adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, and antiviral effects. However, its effect on HIV-1 replication at the cellular level has never been explored. Herein, we focused on the anti-HIV-1 activity and the probable mechanism of action of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera roots and its phytomolecules. METHODS The cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined through MTT assay, while the in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity was assessed in TZM-bl cells against the HIV-1 strains of X4 and R5 subtypes. Results were confirmed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using the HIV-1 p24 antigen assay. Additionally, the mechanism of action was determined through the Time of Addition assay, which was further validated through the series of enzymatic assays, i.e. HIV-1 Integrase, Reverse transcriptase, and Protease assays. To explore the role of the identified active metabolites of Withania somnifera in antiretroviral activity, molecular docking analyses were performed against these key HIV-1 replication enzymes. RESULTS The hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera roots were found to be safer at the sub-cytotoxic concentrations and exhibited their ability to inhibit replication of two primary isolates of HIV-1 through cell-associated and cell-free assays, in dose-dependent kinetics. Several active phytomolecules found in Withania somnifera successfully established hydrogens bonds in the active binding pocket site residues responsible for the catalytic activity of HIV replication and therefore, signifying their role in the attenuation of HIV-1 infection as implied through the in silico molecular docking studies. CONCLUSIONS Our research identified both the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera roots as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. The in silico analyses also indicated the key components of Withania somnifera with the highest binding affinity against the HIV-1 Integrase by 12-Deoxywithastramonolide and 27-Hydroxywithanone, HIV-1 Protease by Ashwagandhanolide and Withacoagin, and HIV-1 Reverse transcriptase by Ashwagandhanolide and Withanolide B, thereby showing possible mechanisms of HIV-1 extenuation. Overall, this study classified the role of Withania somnifera extracts and their active compounds as potential agents against HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R Harshithkumar
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411026, MH, India
| | | | - Chandrabhan Seniya
- School of Biosciences, Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114, MP, India
| | - Swapnil Borse
- CCIH-Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, MH, India
| | - Ashish A Gawai
- Anuradha College of Pharmacy, Buldana, 443201, MH, India
| | - Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- CCIH-Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, MH, India
| | - Girish Tillu
- CCIH-Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, MH, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Macharia JM, Káposztás Z, Bence RL. Medicinal Characteristics of Withania somnifera L. in Colorectal Cancer Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:915. [PMID: 37513827 PMCID: PMC10384768 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into tumorigenic pathways can aid in the development of more efficient cancer therapies and provide insight into the physiological regulatory mechanisms employed by rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Due to the severe side effects of cancer chemotherapeutic medications, plant chemicals and their analogues are now explored more frequently for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), opening the stage for new phytotherapeutic strategies that are considered effective and safe substitutes. Our study aimed to evaluate the medicinal properties of Withania somnifera L. and its safety applications in CRC management. Important databases were rigorously searched for relevant literature, and only 82 full-text publications matched the inclusion requirements from a massive collection of 10,002 titles and abstracts. W. somnifera L. contains a high concentration of active plant-based compounds. The pharmacological activity of the plant from our study has been demonstrated to exert antiproliferation, upregulation of apoptosis, decrease in oxidative stress, downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), induction of targeted cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells, and exertion of both antiangiogenesis and antimigratory effects. We advise further research before recommending W. somnifera L. for clinical use to identify the optimal concentrations required to elicit beneficial effects in CRC management in humans, singly or in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Macharia
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, Vörösmarty Mihály Str. 4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Káposztás
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Raposa L Bence
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ali A, Mir GJ, Ayaz A, Maqbool I, Ahmad SB, Mushtaq S, Khan A, Mir TM, Rehman MU. In silico analysis and molecular docking studies of natural compounds of Withania somnifera against bovine NLRP9. J Mol Model 2023; 29:171. [PMID: 37155030 PMCID: PMC10165590 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT NLRP9 is a member of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors and is found to be associated with many inflammatory diseases. In the current scenario, the identification of promising anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources by repurposing approach is still relevant for the early prevention and effective management of the disease. METHODS In the present study, we docked bioactives of Ashwagandha (Withanoside IV, Withanoside V, Withanolide A, Withanolide B, and Sitoindoside IX) and two control drugs against bovine NLRP9 protein. ADME/T analysis was used to determine the physiochemical properties of compounds and standard drugs. Molecular modeling was used to evaluate the correctness and quality of protein structures. In silico docking analysis revealed Withanolide B had the highest binding affinity score of -10.5 kcal/mol, whereas, among control drugs, doxycycline hydrochloride was most effective (-10.3 kcal/mol). The results of this study revealed that bioactives of Withania somnifera could be promising inhibitors against bovine NLRP9. In the present study, molecular simulation was used to measure protein conformational changes over time. The Rg value was found to be 34.77A°. RMSD and B-factor were also estimated to provide insights into the flexibility and mobile regions of protein structure. A functional protein network interaction was constructed from information collected from non-curative sources as protein-protein interactions (PPI) that play an important role in determining the function of the target protein and the ability of the drug molecule. Thus, in the present situation, it is important to identify bioactives with the potential to combat inflammatory diseases and provide strength and immunity to the host. However, there is still a need to study in vitro and in vivo to further support these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarif Ali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Gh Jeelani Mir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Aadil Ayaz
- Department of Microbiology, SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, 190018, J&K, India
| | - Illiyas Maqbool
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Baramulla, 193101, J&K, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shuhama, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Veterinary Microbiology Department, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Altaf Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Maqbool Mir
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Koul B, Farooq U, Yadav D, Song M. Phytochemicals: A Promising Alternative for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040999. [PMID: 37109528 PMCID: PMC10144079 DOI: 10.3390/life13040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that worsens with ageing and affects memory and cognitive function. Presently more than 55 million individuals are affected by AD all over the world, and it is a leading cause of death in old age. The main purpose of this paper is to review the phytochemical constituents of different plants that are used for the treatment of AD. A thorough and organized review of the existing literature was conducted, and the data under the different sections were found using a computerized bibliographic search through the use of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, EMBASE, INMEDPLAN, NATTS, and numerous other websites. Around 360 papers were screened, and, out of that, 258 papers were selected on the basis of keywords and relevant information that needed to be included in this review. A total of 55 plants belonging to different families have been reported to possess different bioactive compounds (galantamine, curcumin, silymarin, and many more) that play a significant role in the treatment of AD. These plants possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anti-amyloid properties and are safe for consumption. This paper focuses on the taxonomic details of the plants, the mode of action of their phytochemicals, their safety, future prospects, limitations, and sustainability criteria for the effective treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Koul
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Usma Farooq
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ramli S, Wu YS, Batumalaie K, Guad RM, Choy KW, Kumar A, Gopinath SCB, Rahman Sarker MM, Subramaniyan V, Sekar M, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Chinni SV, Ramachawolran G. Phytochemicals of Withania somnifera as a Future Promising Drug against SARS-CoV-2: Pharmacological Role, Molecular Mechanism, Molecular Docking Evaluation, and Efficient Delivery. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041000. [PMID: 37110423 PMCID: PMC10142625 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has killed millions of people since first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Intriguingly, Withania somnifera (WS) has shown promising antiviral effects against numerous viral infections, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which are contributed by its phytochemicals. This review focused on the updated testing of therapeutic efficacy and associated molecular mechanisms of WS extracts and their phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 infection in preclinical and clinical studies with the aim to develop a long-term solution against COVID-19. It also deciphered the current use of the in silico molecular docking approach in developing potential inhibitors from WS targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptors that may aid the development of targeted therapy against SARS-CoV-2 ranging from prior to viral entry until acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review also discussed nanoformulations or nanocarriers in achieving effective WS delivery to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy, consequently preventing the emergence of drug resistance, and eventually therapeutic failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suaidah Ramli
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor Bahru 81750, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Ker Woon Choy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Centre of Excellence (CoE), Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology & Micro System Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
- Health Med Science Research Network, 3/1, Block F, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, MONASH University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Subang Jaya 42610, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering & Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
| | - Suresh V Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Gobinath Ramachawolran
- Department of Foundation, RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, No 4, Jalan Sepoy Lines, Georgetown 10450, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mir RH, Mir PA, Uppal J, Chawla A, Patel M, Bardakci F, Adnan M, Mohi-ud-din R. Evolution of Natural Product Scaffolds as Potential Proteasome Inhibitors in Developing Cancer Therapeutics. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040509. [PMID: 37110167 PMCID: PMC10142660 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis between protein synthesis and degradation is a critical biological function involving a lot of precise and intricate regulatory systems. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is a large, multi-protease complex that degrades most intracellular proteins and accounts for about 80% of cellular protein degradation. The proteasome, a massive multi-catalytic proteinase complex that plays a substantial role in protein processing, has been shown to have a wide range of catalytic activity and is at the center of this eukaryotic protein breakdown mechanism. As cancer cells overexpress proteins that induce cell proliferation, while blocking cell death pathways, UPP inhibition has been used as an anticancer therapy to change the balance between protein production and degradation towards cell death. Natural products have a long history of being used to prevent and treat various illnesses. Modern research has shown that the pharmacological actions of several natural products are involved in the engagement of UPP. Over the past few years, numerous natural compounds have been found that target the UPP pathway. These molecules could lead to the clinical development of novel and potent anticancer medications to combat the onslaught of adverse effects and resistance mechanisms caused by already approved proteasome inhibitors. In this review, we report the importance of UPP in anticancer therapy and the regulatory effects of diverse natural metabolites, their semi-synthetic analogs, and SAR studies on proteasome components, which may aid in discovering a new proteasome regulator for drug development and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Jasreen Uppal
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Apporva Chawla
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roohi Mohi-ud-din
- Department of General Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mikulska P, Malinowska M, Ignacyk M, Szustowski P, Nowak J, Pesta K, Szeląg M, Szklanny D, Judasz E, Kaczmarek G, Ejiohuo OP, Paczkowska-Walendowska M, Gościniak A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)—Current Research on the Health-Promoting Activities: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041057. [PMID: 37111543 PMCID: PMC10147008 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant surge in reports on the health-promoting benefits of winter cherry (Withania somnifera), also known as Ashwagandha. Its current research covers many aspects of human health, including neuroprotective, sedative and adaptogenic effects and effects on sleep. There are also reports of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and anti-diabetic properties. Furthermore, there are reports of reproductive outcomes and tarcicidal hormone action. This growing body of research on Ashwagandha highlights its potential as a valuable natural remedy for many health concerns. This narrative review delves into the most recent findings and provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of ashwagandha’s potential uses and any known safety concerns and contraindications.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ramadan AM, Mohammed T, Al-Ghamdi KM, Alghamdi AJ, Atef A. The first report describes features of the chloroplast genome of Withania frutescens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103600. [PMID: 36874202 PMCID: PMC9975694 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies not only help researcher not only to identify genomic features in organisms, but also facilitate understanding of evolutionary relationships. Species in the Withania genus have medicinal benefits, and one of them is Withania frutescens, which is used to treat various diseases. This report investigates the nucleotides and genic features of chloroplast genome of Withania frutescens and trying to clarify the evolutionary relationship with Withania sp and family Solanaceae. We found that the total size of Withania frutescens chloroplast genome was 153.771 kb (the smallest chloroplast genome in genus Withania). A large single-copy region (91.285 kb), a small single-copy region (18.373 kb) form the genomic region, and are distinct from each other by a large inverted repeat (22.056 kb). 137 chloroplast genes are found including 4 rRNAs, 38 tRNAs and 83 protein-coding genes. The Withania frutescens chloroplast genome as well as four closest relatives was compared for features such as structure, nucleotide composition, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and codon bias. Compared to other Withania species, Withania frutescens has unique characteristics. It has the smallest chloroplast genome of any Withania species, isoleucine is the major amino acid, and tryptophan is the minor, In addition, there are no ycf3 and ycf4 genes, fourth, there are only fifteen replicative genes, while in most other species there are more. Using fast minimum evolution and neighbor joining, we have reconstructed the trees to confirm the relationship with other Solanacaea species. The Withania frutescens chloroplast genome is submitted under accession no. ON153173.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Ramadan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Najla bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Molecular Biology Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80141, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Taimyiah Mohammed
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Al-Ghamdi
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah J Alghamdi
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Atef
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Najla bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Balkrishna A, Tomar M, Bhattacharya K, Varshney A. Withania somnifera-derived carbon dots protect human epidermal cells against UVB-induced cell death and support growth factor-mediated wound healing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1331-1344. [PMID: 36866265 PMCID: PMC9972854 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00545j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solar radiation comprising UVA and UVB regions is considered a skin-damaging factor inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperpigmentation, and photo-aging. Photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the root extract of a Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal plant and urea, using a one-step microwave method. These Withania somnifera CDs (wsCDs) were 14.4 ± 0.18 d nm in diameter and presented photoluminescence. UV absorbance showed the presence of π-π* (C[double bond, length as m-dash]C) and n-π* (C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) transition regions in wsCDs. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of nitrogen and carboxylic functional groups on the surface of wsCDs. HPLC analysis of wsCDs showed the presence of withanoside IV, withanoside V, and withanolide A. The wsCDs were found to be biocompatible in human skin epidermal (A431) cells and hindered UVB irradiation-induced loss of metabolic activity and oxidative stress. The wsCDs supported rapid dermal wound healing through augmented TGF-β1 and EGF gene expression levels in A431 cells. Finally, wsCDs were found to be biodegradable through a myeloperoxidase-catalyzed peroxidation reaction. The study concluded that under in vitro conditions, Withania somnifera root extract-derived biocompatible carbon dots provided photo-protection against UVB-stimulated epidermal cell damage and supported rapid wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute Haridwar India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali Haridwar India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust 40 Lambhill Street, Kinning Park UK
| | - Meenu Tomar
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute Haridwar India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute Haridwar India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute Haridwar India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali Haridwar India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawahar Lal Nehru University New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Polumackanycz M, Petropoulos SA, Śledziński T, Goyke E, Konopacka A, Plenis A, Viapiana A. Withania somnifera L.: Phenolic Compounds Composition and Biological Activity of Commercial Samples and Its Aqueous and Hydromethanolic Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030550. [PMID: 36978798 PMCID: PMC10045402 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the chemical composition and bioactive properties of commercially available Withania somnifera samples were evaluated. The hydromethanolic and aqueous extracts of the tested samples were analyzed in terms of phenolic compound composition, ascorbic acid content, antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Polyphenols and ascorbic acid content, as well as the antioxidant activity, were higher in the aqueous extracts than in the hydromethanolic extracts. Generally, aqueous extracts presented higher antioxidant activity than the hydromethanolic ones, especially in the case of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Moreover, higher amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids were found in the hydromethanolic extracts compared to the aqueous ones. Regarding the antibacterial properties, samples 4, 6, and 10 showed the best overall performance with growth-inhibitory activities against all the examined bacteria strains. Finally, the aqueous and hydromethanolic extracts were the most efficient extracts in terms of AChE and BChE inhibitory activities, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that W. somnifera possesses important bioactive properties which could be attributed to the high amounts of phenolic compounds. However, a great variability was recorded in commercially available products, suggesting significant differences in the origin of product and the processing method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Polumackanycz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Tomasz Śledziński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Goyke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Viapiana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (A.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lubarska M, Hałasiński P, Hryhorowicz S, Mahadea DS, Łykowska-Szuber L, Eder P, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Liver Dangers of Herbal Products: A Case Report of Ashwagandha-Induced Liver Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3921. [PMID: 36900932 PMCID: PMC10002162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cases of liver damage caused by ashwagandha herbal supplements have been reported from different parts of the world (Japan, Iceland, India, and the USA). Here, we describe the clinical phenotype of suspected ashwagandha-induced liver injury and the potential causative mechanism. The patient was admitted to the hospital because of jaundice. In the interview, it was reported that he had been taking ashwagandha for a year. Laboratory results showed an increase in total bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), (gamma-glutamyl transpherase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and ferritin. Based on clinical symptoms and additional tests, the patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis and referred to a facility with a higher reference rate to exclude drug-induced liver injury. An R-value was assessed, indicative of hepatocellular injury. The result of the 24 h urine collection exceeded the upper limit of normal for copper excretion in urine twice. The clinical condition improved after intensive pharmacological treatment and four plasmapheresis treatments. This case is another showing the hepatotoxic potential of ashwagandha to cause cholestatic liver damage mixed with severe jaundice. In view of several documented cases of liver damage caused by ashwagandha and the unknown metabolic molecular mechanisms of substances contained in it, attention should be paid to patients reporting the use of these products in the past and presenting symptoms of liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lubarska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Hałasiński
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Santabye Mahadea
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences Poznan, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
El-Gendi H, Salama A, El-Fakharany EM, Saleh AK. Optimization of bacterial cellulose production from prickly pear peels and its ex situ impregnation with fruit byproducts for antimicrobial and strawberry packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120383. [PMID: 36604061 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is currently among the most promising natural polymers. However, the production costs and biological inactivity are still challenges. The current study exploited the enzymatically hydrolyzed prickly pear peels (PPP) for BC production, which supported about 2.94 g/L as the sole production medium. The BC production was further optimized through a central composite design, where the maximum BC production was 6.01 g/L at 68 % PPPE at pH 4 after 11 days of incubation at 20 °C. The produced BC was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM analysis, and the results showed that PPPE is a promising carbon source for pure BC production. The BC membrane was separately loaded with several fruit byproduct extracts to enhance its biological activity for multiple applications. BC loaded with pomegranate peel extract (BC/PPE) revealed significant broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, followed by BC loaded with pomegranate molasses (BC/PM). The BC/PPE membrane enhanced the shelf-life storage of strawberry fruits by about 5 days, with a reduction in the fruits' weight loss of 15 % compared to the uncovered group. The current study revealed the successful application of PPE for sustainable BC production with its packaging potential for enhancing strawberry shelf-life when loaded with PPE or PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Salama
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Biodiversity, Biochemical Profiling, and Pharmaco-Commercial Applications of Withania somnifera: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031208. [PMID: 36770874 PMCID: PMC9921868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Ashwagandha), a key medicinal plant native to India, is used globally to manage various ailments. This review focuses on the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological advances of its plant-derived constituents. It has been reported that at least 62 crucial and 48 inferior primary and secondary metabolites are present in the W. somnifera leaves, and 29 among these found in its roots and leaves are chiefly steroidal compounds, steroidal lactones, alkaloids, amino acids, etc. In addition, the whole shrub parts possess various medicinal activities such as anti-leukotriene, antineoplastic, analgesic, anti-oxidant, immunostimulatory, and rejuvenating properties, mainly observed by in vitro demonstration. However, the course of its medical use remains unknown. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of W. somnifera, which will be useful for mechanism studies and potential medical applications of W. somnifera, as well as for the development of a rational quality control system for W. somnifera as a therapeutic material in the future.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kumar S, Mathew SO, Aharwal RP, Tulli HS, Mohan CD, Sethi G, Ahn KS, Webber K, Sandhu SS, Bishayee A. Withaferin A: A Pleiotropic Anticancer Agent from the Indian Medicinal Plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:160. [PMID: 37259311 PMCID: PMC9966696 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents the second most deadly disease and one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune therapy are the major types of treatment strategies that have been implemented in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, these treatment options suffer from major limitations, such as drug-resistance and adverse effects, which may eventually result in disease recurrence. Many phytochemicals have been investigated for their antitumor efficacy in preclinical models and clinical studies to discover newer therapeutic agents with fewer adverse effects. Withaferin A, a natural bioactive molecule isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, has been reported to impart anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines and preclinical cancer models by modulating the expression and activity of different oncogenic proteins. In this article, we have comprehensively discussed the biosynthesis of withaferin A as well as its antineoplastic activities and mode-of-action in in vitro and in vivo settings. We have also reviewed the effect of withaferin A on the expression of miRNAs, its combinational effect with other cytotoxic agents, withaferin A-based formulations, safety and toxicity profiles, and its clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482 001, India
| | - Stephen O. Mathew
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Hardeep Singh Tulli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133 207, India
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Kwang-Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Sardul Singh Sandhu
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur 482 001, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Salinas-Arellano ED, Castro-Dionicio IY, Jeyaraj JG, Mirtallo Ezzone NP, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:1-162. [PMID: 37392311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salinas-Arellano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ines Y Castro-Dionicio
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan P Mirtallo Ezzone
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shuaib M, Prajapati KS, Gupta S, Kumar S. Natural Steroidal Lactone Induces G1/S Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway by Up-Regulating Tumor Suppressive miRNA in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010029. [PMID: 36676955 PMCID: PMC9863888 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with minimal treatment options. In the present work, Withaferin A (WA), a natural steroidal lactone found in Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), was studied to deduce the miRNA expression modulation mediated anticancer mode of action in TNBC cells. Small RNA next generation sequencing (NGS) of WA (2 µM) and vehicle (0.1% DMSO)-treated MDA-MB-231 cells revealed a total of 413 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and demonstrated that WA potentially up-regulates the miR-181c-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-500b-5p, miR-191-3p, and miR-34a-5p and down-regulates miR-1275, miR-326, miR-1908-5p, and miR-3940-3p among total DEMs. The NGS and qRT-PCR expression analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of miR-181c-5p among the top 10 DEMs. Predicted target genes of the DEMs showed enrichment in cancer-associated gene ontology terms and KEGG signaling pathways. Transient up-expression of mir-181c-5p showed a time-dependent decrease in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cell viability. Co-treatment of miR-181c-5p mimic and WA (at varying concentration) down-regulated cell cycle progression markers (CDK4 and Cyclin D1) at mRNA and protein levels. The treatment induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by modulating the expression/activity of Bax, Bcl2, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Caspase 3/7, and PARP at mRNA and protein levels. Confocal microscopy and Annexin PI assays revealed apoptotic induction in miRNA- and steroidal-lactone-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Results indicate that the Withaferin A and miRNA mimic co-treatment strategy may be utilized as a newer therapeutic strategy to treat triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Guddha, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Guddha, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Nutrition, Pharmacology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Guddha, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bhat JA, Akther T, Najar RA, Rasool F, Hamid A. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha); current understanding and future prospect as a potential drug candidate. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1029123. [PMID: 36578541 PMCID: PMC9790970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1029123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the most dreadful diseases to cure and chemotherapy has found a prime place in cancerous treatments while as different strategies have been tested in neurodegenerative diseases as well. However, due to adverse shortcomings like the resistance of cancerous cells and inefficiency in neurodegenerative disease, plant sources have always found a prime importance in medicinal use for decades, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (W. somnifera) is a well-known plant with medicinal use reported for centuries. It is commonly known as winter cherry or ashwagandha and is a prime source of pharmaceutically active compounds withanolides. In recent years research is being carried in understanding the extensive role of W. somnifera in cancer and neurological disorders. W. somnifera has been reported to be beneficial in DNA repair mechanisms; it is known for its cellular repairing properties and helps to prevent the apoptosis of normal cells. This review summarizes the potential properties and medicinal benefits of W. somnifera especially in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Available data suggest that W. somnifera is effective in controlling disease progressions and could be a potential therapeutic target benefiting human health status. The current review also discusses the traditional medicinal applications of W. somnifera, the experimental evidence supporting its therapeutical potential as well as obstacles that necessitate being overcome for W. somnifera to be evaluated as a curative agent in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Bhat
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Javeed Ahmad Bhat, ; Abid Hamid,
| | - Tahira Akther
- B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Rauf Ahmad Najar
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India,Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Faheem Rasool
- Government College for Women, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India,Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India,*Correspondence: Javeed Ahmad Bhat, ; Abid Hamid,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim HR, Warrington SJ, López-Guajardo A, Al Hennawi K, Cook SL, Griffith ZDJ, Symmes D, Zhang T, Qu Z, Xu Y, Chen R, Gad AKB. ALD-R491 regulates vimentin filament stability and solubility, cell contractile force, cell migration speed and directionality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:926283. [PMID: 36483676 PMCID: PMC9723350 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.926283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasizing cells express the intermediate filament protein vimentin, which is used to diagnose invasive tumors in the clinic. However, the role of vimentin in cell motility, and if the assembly of non-filamentous variants of vimentin into filaments regulates cell migration remains unclear. We observed that the vimentin-targeting drug ALD-R491 increased the stability of vimentin filaments, by reducing filament assembly and/or disassembly. ALD-R491-treatment also resulted in more bundled and disorganized filaments and an increased pool of non-filamentous vimentin. This was accompanied by a reduction in size of cell-matrix adhesions and increased cellular contractile forces. Moreover, during cell migration, cells showed erratic formation of lamellipodia at the cell periphery, loss of coordinated cell movement, reduced cell migration speed, directionality and an elongated cell shape with long thin extensions at the rear that often detached. Taken together, these results indicate that the stability of vimentin filaments and the soluble pool of vimentin regulate the speed and directionality of cell migration and the capacity of cells to migrate in a mechanically cohesive manner. These observations suggest that the stability of vimentin filaments governs the adhesive, physical and migratory properties of cells, and expands our understanding of vimentin functions in health and disease, including cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Rosemary Kim
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana López-Guajardo
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Khairat Al Hennawi
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Cook
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Zak D. J. Griffith
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Deebie Symmes
- Aluda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cambridge-Su Genomic Resource Center, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruihuan Chen
- Aluda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Annica K. B. Gad
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Madeira Chemistry Research Centre, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vashist A, Gupta N, Nafees S, Sharma A. Habb-e-Asgandh Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Mitochondria Dysfunction in Multiple Myeloma Cells (RPMI8226). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3629-3639. [PMID: 36444574 PMCID: PMC9930948 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the anti-neoplastic properties of Habb-e-Asgandh in multiple myeloma cells (RPMI8226). METHODS Multiple myeloma cells (RPMI8226) were cultured according to the ATCC's instruction. The anti-proliferative effect of HeA was assessed by MTT assay and proliferating cellnuclear antigen (PCNA) activity. Cell cycle analysis, cellular apoptosis, and mitochondria membrane potential analysis was done by flow cytometry. Total antioxidants, migratory potential, angiogenesis and inflammatory biomarkers were also estimated after treatment of RPMI8226 with HeA. RESULTS LD30 and LD50 dose of HeA was 0.3mg/ml and 0.5mg/ml respectively determined by MTT assay and also confirmed by a reduced PCNA activity. Cell cycle analysis of RPMI8226 cells revealed that sub-G0/G1 phase increases upon treatment with HeA alone or in combination with lenalidomide. Annexin V-FITC/PI is used to detect early apoptosis, late apoptosis and necrotic cells and results showed that percentage of apoptotic cells increased in RPMI8226 cells after treatment with HeA. Also, HeA induces loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) in MM cells in-vitro as measured by cationic JC1 dye staining. Upon treatment, the abnormal overexpression of oncogenic protein, AKT serine/threonine kinase has also been reduced. Furthermore, anti-oxidants level also increased while migratory potential, angiogenesis and inflammation decreased in multiple myeloma cell line upon treatment with HeA. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results demonstrated that integrative therapy of habb-e-asgandh efficiently eliminates the need to use higher dose of lenalidomide for multiple myeloma treatment.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gowtham HG, Murali M, Singh SB, Shivamallu C, Pradeep S, Shivakumar CS, Anandan S, Thampy A, Achar RR, Silina E, Stupin V, Ortega-Castro J, Frau J, Flores-Holguín N, Amruthesh KN, Kollur SP, Glossman-Mitnik D. Phytoconstituents of Withania somnifera unveiled Ashwagandhanolide as a potential drug targeting breast cancer: Investigations through computational, molecular docking and conceptual DFT studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275432. [PMID: 36201520 PMCID: PMC9536605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in females worldwide and poses a great challenge that necessitates the identification of novel therapeutic agents from several sources. This research aimed to study the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of four proteins (such as PDB: 6CBZ, 1FDW, 5GWK and 2WTT) with the selected phytochemicals from Withania somnifera to identify the potential inhibitors for breast cancer. The molecular docking result showed that among 44 compounds, two of them, Ashwagandhanolide and Withanolide sulfoxide have the potential to inhibit estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), 17-beta-hydroxysteroid -dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1), topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and p73 tetramerization domain that are expressed during breast cancer. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations results suggested that Ashwagandhanolide remained inside the binding cavity of four targeted proteins and contributed favorably towards forming a stable protein-ligand complex throughout the simulation. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) properties confirmed that Ashwagandhanolide is hydrophobic and has moderate intestinal permeability, good intestinal absorption, and poor skin permeability. The compound has a relatively low VDss value (-1.652) and can be transported across ABC transporter and good central nervous system (CNS) permeability but did not easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This compound does not possess any mutagenicity, hepatotoxicity and skin sensitization. Based on the results obtained, the present study highlights the anticancer potential of Ashwagandhanolide, a compound from W. somnifera. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to perform before clinical trials to prove the potentiality of Ashwagandhanolide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushma Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - C. S. Shivakumar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Anandan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (KNA); (SPK); (DGM)
| | - Anjana Thampy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Ram Achar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ekaterina Silina
- Department of Human Pathology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Juan Frau
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Malllorca, Spain
| | - Norma Flores-Holguín
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chih, México
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (KNA); (SPK); (DGM)
| | - Shiva Prasad Kollur
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (KNA); (SPK); (DGM)
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chih, México
- * E-mail: (SA); (KNA); (SPK); (DGM)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yan Z, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li Y, Su Q, Cao J, Cao X. Withaferin a Attenuates Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Akt-Dependent Inhibition of Oxidative Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193113. [PMID: 36231074 PMCID: PMC9563317 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury often results in intractable visual impairments. The survival of retinal capillary endothelial cells is crucial for the treatment of retinal I/R injury. How to protect retinal endothelia from damage is a challenging work. Withaferin A, a small molecule derived from plants, has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and has been used for about millennia in traditional medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of withaferin A on retinal I/R injury. Methods: The drug-likeness of withaferin A was evaluated by the SwissADME web tool. The potential protective effect of withaferin A on the I/R-induced injury of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) was investigated using multiple approaches. RNA sequencing was performed and associated mechanistic signaling pathways were analyzed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes data. The analytical results of RNA sequencing data were further validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results: Withaferin A reduced the I/R injury-induced apoptotic death of HRMECs in vitro with a good drug-like property. RNA sequencing and experimental validation results indicated that withaferin A increased the production of the crucial antioxidant molecules heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx-1) during I/R. In addition, withaferin A activated the Akt signaling pathway and increased the expression of HO-1 and Prdx-1, thereby exerting an antioxidant effect, attenuated the retinal I/R injury, and decreased the apoptosis of HRMECs. The blockade of Akt completely abolished the effects of withaferin A. Conclusions: The study identified for the first time that withaferin A can protect against the I/R-induced apoptosis of human microvascular retinal endothelial cells via increasing the production of the antioxidants Prdx-1 and HO-1. Results suggest that withaferin A is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of retinal I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yuanlin Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan 030000, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Exploring the industrial importance of a miracle herb Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Authentication through chemical profiling, in vitro studies and computational analyses. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
46
|
Salem HM, El-Saadony MT, Abd El-Mageed TA, Soliman SM, Khafaga AF, Saad AM, Swelum AA, Korma SA, Gonçalves Lima CM, Selim S, Babalghith AO, Abd El-Hack ME, Omer FA, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Conte-Junior CA. Promising prospective effects of Withania somnifera on broiler performance and carcass characteristics: A comprehensive review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:918961. [PMID: 36118334 PMCID: PMC9478662 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry production contributes markedly to bridging the global food gap. Many nations have limited the use of antibiotics as growth promoters due to increasing bacterial antibiotic tolerance/resistance, as well as the presence of antibiotic residues in edible tissues of the birds. Consequently, the world is turning to use natural alternatives to improve birds' productivity and immunity. Withania somnifera, commonly known as ashwagandha or winter cherry, is abundant in many countries of the world and is considered a potent medicinal herb because of its distinct chemical, medicinal, biological, and physiological properties. This plant exhibits antioxidant, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antistress, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and growth-promoting activities. In poultry, dietary inclusion of W. somnifera revealed promising results in improving feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio, as well as reducing mortality, increasing livability, increasing disease resistance, reducing stress impacts, and maintaining health of the birds. This review sheds light on the distribution, chemical structure, and biological effects of W. somnifera and its impacts on poultry productivity, livability, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood parameters, immune response, and economic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Soliman M. Soliman
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fatima A. Omer
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Synan F. AbuQamar
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Khaled A. El-Tarabily
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gheshlaghi SZ, Nakhaei E, Ebrahimi A, Jafari M, Shahraki A, Rezazadeh S, Saberinasab E, Nowroozi A, Hosseini SS. Analysis of medicinal and therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera derivatives against COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35993530 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Apart from chemical and allopathic drugs, several medicinal plants contain phytochemicals that are potentially useful to counter the COVID-19 pandemic. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), which has a good effect on some viral infections, can be considered as a candidate against the virus. In the present study, thirty-nine natural compounds of Ashwagandha were investigated in terms of their binding to the important drug targets to treat the COVID-19. Although the molecular docking calculations reveal the binding affinities of the compounds to Mpro, TMPRSS2, NSP15, PLpro, Spike RBD + ACE2, RdRp and NSP12 as targets in controlling the coronavirus enzymes, Withanoside II is expected to be the most effective compound due to the high affinity in binding with many of considered targets. Furthermore, the Withanoside III, IV, V, X, and XI have favorable binding affinities as ligands with respect to the MM/GBSA calculations. The molecular dynamics simulations MD explore a stable hydrogen bond network between ligands and the active sites residues. Also, the dynamic fluctuations of the binding site residues verify their tight binding to ligands. Moreover, the stability of ligand-protein complexes is approved by the RMSD ranges lower than 0.5 Å in equilibration zone for all mentioned complexes. The TMPRSS2-Withanolide Q and Mpro-Withanoside IV complexes are the most stable pairs using the MM/GBSA calculations and MD simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Zare Gheshlaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Nakhaei
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari
- Department of Plant Protection, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, College of Agriculture
| | - Asiyeh Shahraki
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shiva Rezazadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Erfan Saberinasab
- School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Nowroozi
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Oyewusi HA, Wu YS, Safi SZ, Wahab RA, Hatta MHM, Batumalaie K. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the inhibitory mechanism of Withanolide A against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35904027 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The unsavory severe gastrointestinal side-effects of synthetic drugs to regulate hyperglycemia have warranted the search for alternative treatments to inhibit the carbohydrate digestive enzymes (e.g. α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Certain phytochemicals recently captured the scientific community's attention as carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors due to their low toxicity and high efficacy, specifically the Withanolides-loaded extract of Withania somnifera. That said, the present study evaluated in silico the efficacy of Withanolide A in targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase in comparison to the synthetic drug Acarbose. Protein-ligand interactions, binding affinity, and stability were characterized using pharmacological profiling, high-end molecular docking, and molecular-dynamic simulation. Withanolide A inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase better, exhibiting good pharmacokinetic properties, absorption, and metabolism. Also, Withanolide A was minimally toxic, with higher bioavailability. Interestingly, Withanolide A bonded well to the active site of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, yielding the lowest binding free energy of -82.144 ± 10.671 kcal/mol and -102.1043 ± 11.231 kcal/mol compared to the Acarbose-enzyme complexes (-63.220 ± 13.283 kcal/mol and -82.148 ± 10.671 kcal/mol). Hence, the findings supported the therapeutic potential of Withanolide A as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor for DM treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habeebat Adekilekun Oyewusi
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Science Technology, Biochemistry unit, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Yuan-Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Therapeutic Potential of Different Natural Products for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6873874. [PMID: 35910833 PMCID: PMC9337964 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6873874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A high incidence of dementia (60–80%) and a high rate of memory loss are two of the most common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the elderly. Researchers have recommended that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Indian medicines can be used to prevent and cure AD. Several studies have linked neuroinflammation linked to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, more research is needed to determine the role of inflammation in neurodegeneration. Increased microglial activation, cytokine production, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) all play a role in the inflammatory process of AD. This review focuses on the role of neuroinflammation in neuroprotection and the molecular processes used by diverse natural substances, phytochemicals, and herbal formulations in distinct signaling pathways. Currently, researchers are focusing on pharmacologically active natural compounds with the anti-neuroinflammatory potential, making them a possible contender for treating AD. Furthermore, the researchers investigated the limits of past studies on TCM, Indian Ayurveda, and AD. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the effects of medicinal whole-plant extracts on AD. Clinical investigations have shown that lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenoids, sterols, and alkaloids have anti-inflammatory, antiamyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant properties. This review summarizes information about numerous medicinal plants and isolated compounds used in the treatment of AD and a list of further references.
Collapse
|
50
|
Yadav K, Gupta T, Aeri V. High performance thin layer chromatography based chemo profiling of Ashvagandharishta and its antidepressant activity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1204:123334. [PMID: 35696981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) has long been used as a traditional rasayana herb against a variety of human ailments. This research presents a high performance thin layer chromatography based chemo profiling of Ashvagandharishta and its antidepressant activity. The in-house formulation was made using a fermentation process according to the Indian Pharmacopoeia. Physiochemical standardization of the formulation was performed using different quality control parameters such as total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extract value and water soluble extract value. A column chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography method was used to isolate and estimation of withanolide-A, withaferin-A & β-sitosterol from the root of W. somnifera. In addition. The antidepressant effect of different formulations were carried out by force swimming test in albino mice. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Glutathione (GSH) assay was used to find out the oxidative stress. W. somnifera root has been standardized macroscopically, microscopically, physico-chemically according to the guidelines of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia. The qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed using high performance thin layer chromatography and it was performed on each formulation and found the content of withanolide-A and -sitosterol in the in-house formulation is higher while withaferin-A is rather contained in the decoction. The antidepressant effect showed that the immobility time was lowest in the case of the standard formulation followed by in house formulation, while the increase in glutathione and the reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels revealed the antioxidant nature of the formulation. In conclusion, based on the above results, we can conclude that Ashvagandharishta could be a breakthrough for the treatment of depression in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Yadav
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Phytopharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tinku Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Phytopharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India; School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurgaon 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Phytopharmaceutical Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|