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Benrazzouk K, Ouhaddou S, Nazzaro M, Fratianni F, Bekkouche K, De Tommasi N, Markouk M, Larhsini M, Caputo L, De Feo V, Polito F. Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic and Antibiofilm Activity of the Essential Oils of Two Moroccan Retama Species. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400756. [PMID: 38847466 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
This study reports chemical composition, phytotoxic and antibiofilm activities of essential oils (EOs) of R. dasycarpa and R. sphaerocarpa from Morocco. EOs were analyzed by GC/MS and their phytotoxicities were evaluated against germination and seedling growth of Lolium multiflorum, Sinapis alba and Raphanus sativus. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities were studied against Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes). Both EOs were abundant in oxygenated monoterpenes (40.01% and 23.57 %, respectively). Carvacrol is the predominant component in R. dasycarpa EO (17.80 %), and it also represents an appreciable amount in R. sphaerocarpa (8.96 %). R. sphaerocarpa showed total inhibition at high doses against all seeds. S. alba seeds were the most sensitive to all EOs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated significant inhibition for R. sphaerocarpa, between 24 and 30 μg/mL, with a remarkable antibacterial potential and biofilm formation inhibition. R. sphaerocarpa EO showed significant biofilm inhibition with variable efficacy depending on the strain and concentration, except for S. aureus. R. dasycarpa exhibited activity against all bacterial strains and effect on metabolism with activity also on mature biofilms. Results suggest that Retama EOs could have potential applications in the fields of food and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Benrazzouk
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - S Ouhaddou
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, ISA-CNR, via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - F Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, ISA-CNR, via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - K Bekkouche
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - N De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - M Markouk
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M Larhsini
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - L Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - V De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - F Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
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Lami F, Burgio G, Magagnoli S, Depalo L, Lanzoni A, Frassineti E, Marotti I, Alpi M, Mercatante D, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Dinelli G, Masetti A. The Effects of Natural Insecticides on the Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Its Natural Enemies Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) and Aphidius colemani Viereck. INSECTS 2024; 15:556. [PMID: 39057288 PMCID: PMC11277335 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Botanical insecticides and soaps are frequently proposed as environmentally safer alternatives to synthetic insecticides. However, the efficacy and selectivity of these products are often only partially supported by empirical evidence. Here, we tested the effectiveness of five botanical insecticides, belonging to different categories, on the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and their selectivity towards two natural enemies, the ladybird beetle Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) and the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Dalman). White thyme essential oil (EO), sweet orange EO, crude garlic extract and Marseille soap were tested and compared with a pyrethrin-based commercial product. Both direct spray assays and residual contact assays on treated cabbage leaf disks were carried out. The tested products had low efficacy against aphids when compared to pyrethrins but were in general less detrimental to ladybird beetle larvae, meaning that if applied against other pests, they have a lower chance of harming this agent of aphid biocontrol. Some of the products (soap, orange EO) did, however, show direct exposure toxicity toward ladybird larvae, and thyme EO had extensive phytotoxic effects on cabbage leaves, possibly indirectly leading to higher mortality in ladybird adults. These results underline the necessity for case-by-case evaluations of botanical insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lami
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (S.M.); (L.D.); (A.L.); (E.F.); (I.M.); (M.A.); (D.M.); (M.T.R.-E.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
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Semerdjieva I, Zheljazkov VD, Dincheva I, Radoukova T, Astatkie T, Maneva V, Atanasova D, Fidan H, Stankov S, Stoyanova A. Chemical profile of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. essential oil within and between populations and its weed seed suppression effect. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294126. [PMID: 38330006 PMCID: PMC10852245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to (1) establish the intrapopulation and seasonal variation of Juniperus excelsа essential oil (EO); (2) compare the J. excelsa concrete and resinoid composition with its EO composition; and (3) investigate the potential herbicidal activity of J. excelsa EO against seeds of Papaver rhoeas L., Consolida orientalis (J.Gay) Schrödinger, Anthemis arvensis L., Avena fatua L., and Agrostemma githago L. Four independent studies were performed to meet these objectives. Twenty-eight individual trees were analyzed from two populations to establish intrapopulation and interpopulation variability of EOs yield and composition. In the seasonal dynamic study of leaf EO, samples from the same three trees and in the same population were collected in January, March, May, July, October, and December and their EO yield and composition determined. The EOs (intrapopulation and seasonal) were extracted by hydrodistillation, while the EO for the herbicidal test was obtained by steam distillation in a semi-commercial (SCom) apparatus. Overall, the EO yield varied significantly from 0.93% to 2.57%. α-Pinene (8.85-35.94%), limonene (11.81-50.08%), and cedrol (3.41-34.29%) were the predominant EO compounds in all samples (intrapopulation variability); however, trans-2,4-decadienol and β-caryophyllene were predominant in some individual trees. Four chemical groups were identified in the samples collected from two natural populations (intrapopulation). This is the first report on the compositions of J. excelsa concrete and resinoid. Cedrol (15.39%), 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin (17.63%), 1-octacosanol (36.85%), tritriacontane (16.08%), and tiacontanoic acid were the main compounds in the concrete and resinoid. Juniperus excelsa EO suppressed seed germination and seedling growth of P. rhoeas, C. orientalis, A. arvensis, A. fatua, and A. githago, demonstrating its potential to be used for the development of new biopesticides. The highest EO yield with high content of limonene and cedrol was obtained from samples harvested during the winter months (December, January, and March).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tzenka Radoukova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada
| | - Vasilina Maneva
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Karnobat, Agricultural Academy, Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Dina Atanasova
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Karnobat, Agricultural Academy, Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stanko Stankov
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Technology of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, Maritza, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Abd-ElGawad AM, Assaeed AM, El Gendy AEN, Pistelli L, Dar BA, Elshamy AI. Phytotoxicity of Rich Oxygenated Terpenes Essential Oil of Prosopis farcta against the Weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium. SEPARATIONS 2023; 10:361. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Weeds are considered the main reason for crop yield loss in the world. Weed control and management include various treatments such as cultural, physical, chemical, and biological methods. Chemical control of weeds is the most common method; however, the application of commercial synthetic herbicides caused several dangerous hazards in the environment including the appearance of resistant weed biotypes. Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F.Macbr. (Family: Fabaceae), is a common weed plant in the Middle East, where it is hard to eliminate due to its deep and overlapped roots. On the other side, it has many traditional uses around the world. Herein, the essential oil (EO) of P. farcta above-ground parts was extracted via hydrodistillation techniques and then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). From the GC-MS analysis, 47 compounds were identified with a relative concentration of 98.02%, including terpenes as the main components (95.08%). From overall identified compounds, cubenol (19.07%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (17.69%), torreyol (8.28%), davana ether (3.50%), camphor (3.35%), and farnesyl acetone (3.13%) represented the abundant constituents. Furthermore, the phytotoxic activity of the P. farcta EO was assessed against the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. The EO of P. farcta, at a concentration of 100 µL L−1, significantly inhibited the germination, seedling shoot growth, and seedling root growth by 64.1, 64.0, and 73.4%, respectively. The results exhibited that the seedling root growth is the most affected followed by the seed germination and seedling shoot growth with respective IC50 at 64.5, 80.5, and 92.9 µL L−1. It can be concluded that weeds are not absolutely harmful, but they may have beneficial uses, such as, for example as a source of phytochemicals with application in weed control practices (bioherbicides). It is advised to conduct additional research to characterize the allelopathic action of the major chemicals in their pure form, either alone or in combination, against a variety of weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Nasser El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Basharat A. Dar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Herrera-Calderon O, Saleh AM, Mahmood AAR, Khalaf MA, Calva J, Loyola-Gonzales E, Tataje-Napuri FE, Chávez H, Almeida-Galindo JS, Chavez-Espinoza JH, Pari-Olarte JB. The Essential Oil of Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Fuss Seeds from Peru: Phytotoxic Activity and In Silico Evaluation on the Target Enzyme of the Glyphosate Herbicide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2288. [PMID: 37375914 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Fuss is an aromatic plant belonging to the Apiaceae family and used in gastronomy as a spice. Several studies have been developed in leaves but studies are limited in seeds, especially the essential oils obtained from seeds. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical profile of the volatile compounds of this essential oil by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to evaluate its phytotoxic activity on Lactuca sativa seeds and to carry out an in silico analysis on the target enzyme of the herbicide glyphosate 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSP). The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation for two hours and then was injected into a GC-MS, the phytotoxic assay was carried out on Lactuca seeds and the in silico evaluation on the EPSP synthase focused on the volatile compounds similar to glyphosate, docking analysis, and molecular dynamics to establish the protein-ligand stability of the most active molecule. The chromatographic analysis revealed 47 compounds, predominated by three compounds with the most abundant percentage in the total content (1,3,8-ρ-menthatriene (22.59%); apiole (22.41%); and β-phellandrene (15.02%)). The phytotoxic activity demonstrated that the essential oil had a high activity at 5% against L. sativa seed germination, inhibition of root length, and hypocotyl length, which is comparable to 2% glyphosate. The molecular docking on EPSP synthase revealed that trans-p-menth-6-en-2,8-diol had a high affinity with the enzyme EPSP synthase and a better stability during the molecular dynamic. According to the results, the essential oil of P. crispum seeds presented a phytotoxic activity and might be useful as a bioherbicide agent against weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Herrera-Calderon
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Abdulrahman M Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ammar A Razzak Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Bab-Almouadam, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
| | - Mohamed A Khalaf
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - James Calva
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Eddie Loyola-Gonzales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
| | - Freddy Emilio Tataje-Napuri
- Departamento de Ciencias Comunitarias de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
| | - Haydee Chávez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
| | | | - Javier Hernán Chavez-Espinoza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
| | - Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
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Cuadros-Siguas CF, Herrera-Calderon O, Batiha GES, Almohmadi NH, Aljarba NH, Apesteguia-Infantes JA, Loyola-Gonzales E, Tataje-Napuri FE, Kong-Chirinos JF, Almeida-Galindo JS, Chávez H, Pari-Olarte JB. Volatile Components, Antioxidant and Phytotoxic Activity of the Essential Oil of Piper acutifolium Ruiz & Pav. from Peru. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083348. [PMID: 37110583 PMCID: PMC10140949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper acutifolium Ruiz & Pav is known as "matico" and belongs to the Piperaceae family, and in Peru it is traditionally used as an infusion or decoction to ameliorate wound healings or ulcers. In this study, the aim was to investigate the volatile components, the antioxidant profile, and the phytotoxic activity of the essential oil (EO) of P. acutifolium from Peru. To identify the phytoconstituents, the EO was injected into a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to obtain the chemical profile of the volatile components, followed by the antioxidant activity carried out by the reaction with three organic radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS); ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP)). Finally, the phytotoxic capabilities of the EO were tested on two model plants, Lactuca sativa seeds and Allium cepa bulbs. As a result, the analysis identified α-phellandrene as its main volatile chemical at 38.18%, followed by β-myrcene (29.48%) and β-phellandrene (21.88%). Regarding the antioxidant profile, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) in DPPH was 160.12 ± 0.30 µg/mL, for ABTS it was 138.10 ± 0.06 µg/mL and finally in FRAP it was 450.10 ± 0.05 µg/mL. The phytotoxic activity demonstrated that the EO had high activity at 5% and 10% against L. sativa seed germination, the inhibition of root length, and hypocotyl length. Additionally, in A. cepa bulbs, the inhibition root length was obtained at 10%, both comparable to glyphosate, which was used as a positive control. The molecular docking on 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) revealed that α-phellandrene had -5.8 kcal/mol, being near to glyphosate at -6.3 kcal/mol. The conclusion shows that the EO of P. acutifolium presented antioxidant and phytotoxic activity and might be useful as a bioherbicide in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fiorella Cuadros-Siguas
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr Puno 1002, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Oscar Herrera-Calderon
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr Puno 1002, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada H Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Alfonso Apesteguia-Infantes
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr Puno 1002, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Eddie Loyola-Gonzales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
| | - Freddy Emilio Tataje-Napuri
- Departamento de Ciencias Comunitarias, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
| | - José Francisco Kong-Chirinos
- Department of Surgical Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Human Medicine, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
| | | | - Haydee Chávez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
| | - Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica 11001, Peru
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Chaves Lobón N, González Félix M, Alías Gallego JC. Comparison of the Allelopathic Potential of Non-Native and Native Species of Mediterranean Ecosystems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:972. [PMID: 36840320 PMCID: PMC9961314 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a frequent interaction between species in Mediterranean ecosystems and it is also one of the proposed strategies to explain the colonisation of invasive species. To confirm the importance of allelopathic potential as a mechanism of invasion of non-native species in Mediterranean ecosystems, it would be advisable to compare the allelopathic effects of non-native plants with native plants on the same target species and thus avoid overestimating the role of phytotoxicity in the invasion process. The main objective of this work was to compare the allelopathic activity of native species typical of Mediterranean ecosystems, classified as allelopathic, with the allelopathic activity of non-native species that may have an invasive character in these ecosystems. To this end, we selected three native species (Cistus ladanifer, Pistacia lentiscus, and Pistacia terebithus) and three non-native species (Acacia dealbata, Acer negundo, and Salix babylonica), and we analysed their effect on the species Lactuca sativa and the native species Lavandula stoechas and Echium plantagineum. The tests on L. sativa showed that all species have allelopathic activity. The tests on L. stoechas and E. plantagineum revealed that P. terebinthus exerted the greatest effect, being the only species that maintained an inhibitory effect at extract concentrations of 50% and 25% in all the analysed parameters, except in germination and cotyledon emergence for E. plantagineum. There were no significant differences in the effect on germination between non-native and native species, although significant differences were found in the effect on root size in the three analysed concentrations, with the native species producing greater inhibition. In conclusion, these species exert a negative effect on the selected native target species, but the negative effect of the native species is greater than that of the non-native species. These results indicate that it is important to compare the allelopathic effects of invasive and native species to correctly estimate the phytotoxic effect of invasive species on their invasiveness.
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Amato G, Caputo L, Francolino R, Martino M, De Feo V, De Martino L. Origanum heracleoticum Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:866. [PMID: 36840214 PMCID: PMC9959193 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the herbicidal effects of several essential oils and their possible use as substitutes for chemical herbicides. Several enzymes play a very significant role in seed germination: among these, α-amylase could be involved in essential oil phytotoxic processes. The aims of this study were to compare the chemical composition of the essential oils of two ecotypes of O. heracleoticum growing in Cilento (Southern Italy) and to study their possible use as natural herbicide using Raphanus sativus, Sinapis arvensis and Lolium multiflorum seeds. Moreover, a possible inhibitory activity on the α-amylase enzyme extracted from germinating seeds was evaluated as a possible mechanism of action. Both oils, characterized by GC-MS, belonged to a carvacrol chemotype. The alpha-amylase activity was determined using DNSA (dinitrosalicylic acid) assay quantifying the reducing sugar produced. Furthermore, the essential oils demonstrated phytotoxicity at the highest dose tested, and an inhibitory effect on α-amylase, probably correlated with the phytotoxic effects, was registered. The oils showed interesting phytotoxic and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities, which deserve to be further investigated.
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Juniperus horizontalis Moench: Chemical Composition, Herbicidal and Insecticidal Activities of Its Essential Oil and of Its Main Component, Sabinene. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238408. [PMID: 36500500 PMCID: PMC9739652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The composition, herbicidal, larvicidal, and toxic activities of Juniperus horizontalis Moench essential oil and sabinene, its main component, were evaluated. The seed germination percentage and root length of eight different plant species (crops and weeds) were measured for in vitro herbicidal activity tests. Different doses (100, 50, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 µg/mL) of the samples were applied to seeds for 120 h. The same doses were applied to test the toxicity of the samples on Tubifex tubifex (sludge worm) and Chironomus aprilinus (blood worm). Four doses (435, 652.5, 870, and 1740) of samples were in a larvicidal test on Tenebrio molitor L. (mealworm), and bioassays were checked after 24 and 48 h. The analysis of the oil allowed for the identification of dominant components as sabinene (38.7%), α-pinene (10.0%), elemol (8.6%), γ-terpinene (8.3%), limonene (7.8%) and α-thujene (5.3%). The results showed that the effect of oil on root length inhibition was significant in all crop species. The doses which affected root growth were not toxic to Tubifex tubifex and Chironomus aprilinus. Finally, the obtained results in the larvicidal bioassay indicate that the potential of J. horizontalis in yellow mealworm survivorship limitation can be a starting point for future research.
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Visakh NU, Pathrose B, Chellappan M, Ranjith M, Sindhu P, Mathew D. Chemical characterisation, insecticidal and antioxidant activities of essential oils from four Citrus spp. fruit peel waste. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Pérez-Izquierdo C, Serrano-Pérez P, Rodríguez-Molina MDC. Chemical composition, antifungal and phytotoxic activities of Cistus ladanifer L. essential oil and hydrolate. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Elshafie SS, Elshafie HS, El Bayomi RM, Camele I, Morshdy AEMA. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Four Plant Essential Oils against Some Food and Phytopathogens Isolated from Processed Meat Products in Egypt. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081159. [PMID: 35454746 PMCID: PMC9032107 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic preservatives are widely utilized by the food industry to inhibit the microbial contamination and increase food safety and shelf life. The excessive utilization of synthetic preservatives can have a negative impact on human health and the environment. There is a great interest to find out natural substances as possible food-preservatives. The consumers’ preference for food products with natural ingredients prompted food manufacturers to utilize natural-based preservatives in their production. It is worth noting that plant essential oils (EOs) among the natural-based substances have been efficiently used as antimicrobial agents against phyto- and food pathogens. The current study was conducted to evaluate the microbial contamination of three industrial meat products from five governorates in Egypt, identify the predominant bacterial and fungal isolates and determine the antimicrobial efficacy of some EOs (thyme, fennel, anise and marjoram) against the most predominant microbial isolates. A sensory test was also performed to estimate the customer preferences for specific organoleptic aspects of meat products after EOs treatment. Results showed that there is a promising antimicrobial activity of all studied EOs against some microbial isolates in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, thyme EO showed the highest significant antibacterial activity against P. fluorescence and E. coli. Whereas the marjoram EO showed the highest activity against P. aeruginosa. In addition, the sensory test revealed that the treatment with anise and marjoram EOs showed the highest acceptability by the testers and did not show significant differences on the organoleptic properties with respect to control. As overall, the obtained results of the current research are promising and proved feasibility of employing plant EOs as possible preservatives for processed meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda S. Elshafie
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (S.S.E.); (R.M.E.B.); (A.E.M.A.M.)
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-205522; Fax: +39-0971-205503
| | - Rasha M. El Bayomi
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (S.S.E.); (R.M.E.B.); (A.E.M.A.M.)
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Alaa Eldin M. A. Morshdy
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (S.S.E.); (R.M.E.B.); (A.E.M.A.M.)
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Study on the Sustainability Potential of Thyme, Oregano, and Coriander Essential Oils Used as Vapours for Antifungal Protection of Wheat and Wheat Products. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to highlight the antifungal, antimicotoxigenic potential and phytotoxic effect of three essential oils (EOs) of Origanum vulgare (OEO), Thymus vulgaris (TEO), and Coriandrum sativum (CEO) on wheat storage, but also the impact of EOs treatment on the sensory properties of bakery products obtained from the wheat seeds. The chemical composition of EOs was determined using GC-MS analysis; the fungal load was evaluated using the direct plating technique, while mycotoxin analyses were conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A selective antifungal effect has been highlighted in terms of the action of EOs vapours. OEO and TEO are inhibited Alternaria, Fusarium and Drechslera, while Saccharomyces and Cladosporium have proven to be the most tolerant fungi. Drechslera is the most sensitive, the effect of all EOs being a fungicidal one. However, the fungicidal effect proved present in all EOs applied as vapours with values ranging between 0.2–0.4%. Regarding the phytotoxic effect of EOs vapours on the germination of the seeds, TEO and OEO had an inhibitory effect, especially at 0.4%. The effect is cumulative over time. The EOs inhibited deoxynivalenol (DON) occurrence; the maximum percentage of inhibition was obtained after 21 days of vapours exposure, being more effective in the case of 0.2%. EOs vapours treatment does not affect the quality of bread obtained from treated wheat seeds from a sensory point of view.
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14
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Zheljazkov VD, Jeliazkova EA, Astatkie T. Allelopathic Effects of Essential Oils on Seed Germination of Barley and Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122728. [PMID: 34961198 PMCID: PMC8708003 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of essential oils (EOs) from six different plant species, namely, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), English thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lovage (Levisticum officinale), costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum), on seed germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The main constituents of the EOs of L. angustifolia were 47.0% linalool acetate and 28.4% linalool; H. officinalis' main constituents were 39.8% cis-pinocamphone, 9.8% trans-pinocamphone, 11.4% β-pinene, and 7.5% β-phellandrene; T. vulgaris' were 38.2% para-cymene, 25.6% thymol, and 13.6% γ-terpinene; L. officinale's were 64.8% α-terpinyl acetate and 14.7% β-phellandrene; C. balsamita's were 43.7% camphor, 32.4% trans-thujone, and 11.6% camphene; C. cyminum's were 49.6% cumin aldehyde, 10.4% para-cymene, 11.6% α-terpinen-7-al, and 9.1% β-pinene. All six EOs exhibited an allelopathic effect and suppressed the seed germination and seedling development of wheat and barley; however, the concentrations that exhibited a suppressing effect were different among the plants. C. cyminum EO completely suppressed both barley and wheat germination at 10-, 30-, and 90-µL application rates, making it the most effective treatment among the tested EOs. C. balsamita's and H. officinalis' EOs at 30 and 90 µL application rates completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). L. angustifolia's EOs at 30- and 90-µL and T. vulgaris' EO at 90 µL application rates also completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). C. balsamita's, H. officinalis', L. angustifolia's, and T. vulgaris' EOs at a 10 µL application rate reduced barley radicle length, seedling height, and % germination relative to the control. Wheat seed germination % was completely suppressed by the application of L. angustifolia's and T. vulgaris' EOs at 30 and 90 µL, while T. vulgaris' EO at 10 µL rate reduced the germination relative to the control. Interestingly, C. balsamita and H. officinalis at 10 µL did not reduce wheat germination; however, they did reduce the number of radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), germination (%), and vigor index. Furthermore, L. officinale's EO reduced the measured indices (radicles per seed, radicle length, seedling height, and vigor index) at the 10, 30, and 90 µL application rates relative to the non-treated control; however, none of the application rates of L. officinale's EO had a suppression effect on wheat germination. This study demonstrated the allelopathic effects of the EOs of six different herbal plant species on seed germination of barley and winter wheat. The results can be utilized in the development of commercial products for controlling pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and barley. Further research is needed to verify the results under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
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Abd-ELGawad AM, Al-Rowaily SL, Assaeed AM, EI-Amier YA, El Gendy AENG, Omer E, Al-Dosari DH, Bonanomi G, Kassem HS, Elshamy AI. Comparative Chemical Profiles and Phytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils of Two Ecospecies of Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112366. [PMID: 34834729 PMCID: PMC8624369 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Asteraceae (Compositae) family is one of the largest angiosperm families that has a large number of aromatic species. Pulicaria undulata is a well-known medicinal plant that is used in the treatment of various diseases due to its essential oil (EO). The EO of both Saudi and Egyptian ecospecies were extracted via hydrodistillation, and the chemical compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. The composition of the EOs of Saudi and Egyptian ecospecies, as well as other reported ecospecies, were chemometrically analyzed. Additionally, the phytotoxic activity of the extracted EOs was tested against the weeds Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Bidens pilosa. In total, 80 compounds were identified from both ecospecies, of which 61 were Saudi ecospecies, with a preponderance of β-pinene, isoshyobunone, 6-epi-shyobunol, α-pinene, and α-terpinolene. However, the Egyptian ecospecies attained a lower number (34 compounds), with spathulenol, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, α-bisabolol, and τ--cadinol as the main compounds. The chemometric analysis revealed that the studied ecospecies and other reported species were different in their composition. This variation could be attributed to the difference in the environmental and climatic conditions. The EO of the Egyptian ecospecies showed more phytotoxic activity against D. aegyptium and B. pilosa than the Saudi ecospecies. This variation might be ascribed to the difference in their major constituents. Therefore, further study is recommended for the characterization of authentic materials of these compounds as allelochemicals against various weeds, either singular or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abd-ELGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.L.A.-R.); (A.M.A.); (D.H.A.-D.)
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-562-680-864
| | - Saud L. Al-Rowaily
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.L.A.-R.); (A.M.A.); (D.H.A.-D.)
| | - Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.L.A.-R.); (A.M.A.); (D.H.A.-D.)
| | - Yasser A. EI-Amier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.E.-N.G.E.G.); (E.O.)
| | - Elsayed Omer
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.E.-N.G.E.G.); (E.O.)
| | - Dakhil H. Al-Dosari
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.L.A.-R.); (A.M.A.); (D.H.A.-D.)
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Hazem S. Kassem
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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16
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Nikolova M, Yovkova M, Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Traikova B, Stefanova T, Aneva I, Berkov S. Biocidal Activity of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum Essential Oil. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun.2021.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Yasin M, Younis A, Javed T, Akram A, Ahsan M, Shabbir R, Ali MM, Tahir A, El-Ballat EM, Sheteiwy MS, Sammour RH, Hano C, Alhumaydhi FA, El-Esawi MA. River Tea Tree Oil: Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities, and Potential Applications in Agriculture. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102105. [PMID: 34685914 PMCID: PMC8540646 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Melaleuca is one of the genera of the Myrtaceae family enriched in tea tree oil (TTO). Tea tree oils of Melaleuca bracteata and Melaleuca alternifolia are of prime importance and have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Terpinen-4-ol and 1-8 cineole are major constituents of M. alternifolia oil. The percentages of the compounds in the oils can slightly vary according to the region of plant harvest, the distillation technique, or the part of the plant used for oil extraction. TTO has a bactericidal effect against various bacterial species such as Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli, Pseudomonas putida, and S. aureus. Several reports proved that this essential oil is also effective against fungal strains of Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida species. It also has antioxidant properties such as radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The antioxidant properties of TTO at a concentration of 30 mM were observed to be greater than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), commonly used as a synthetic antioxidant. TTO is also an effective organic fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide for use in the agriculture sector. Postharvest application of the oil has been found efficient on sweet basil, citrus, and strawberry. It is concluded that tea tree oil has the potential to be used in the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries as a natural antimicrobial and preservative agent. This review provides comprehensive information regarding the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tea tree oil and its potential applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mursleen Yasin
- Institute of Horticulture Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.Y.); (A.Y.); (A.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Adnan Younis
- Institute of Horticulture Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.Y.); (A.Y.); (A.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Akram
- Institute of Horticulture Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.Y.); (A.Y.); (A.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Horticulture, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Rubab Shabbir
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.J.); (R.S.)
- Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- Institute of Horticulture Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.Y.); (A.Y.); (A.A.); (M.M.A.)
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ayesha Tahir
- Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Enas M. El-Ballat
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Reda Helmy Sammour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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Abd-ElGawad AM, Bonanomi G, Al-Rashed SA, Elshamy AI. Persicaria lapathifolia Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Allelopathic Effect on the Weed Echinochloa colona. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091798. [PMID: 34579331 PMCID: PMC8466483 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of new green, ecofriendly bioactive compounds has attracted the attention of researchers and scientists worldwide to avoid the harmful effects of chemically synthesized compounds. Persicaria lapathifolia has been reported to have various bioactive compounds, while its essential oil (EO) has not been determined yet. The current work dealt with the first description of the chemical composition of the EO from the aerial parts of P. lapathifolia, along with studying its free radical scavenging activity and herbicidal effect on the weed Echinochloa colona. Twenty-one volatile compounds were identified via GC–MS analysis. Nonterpenoids were the main components, with a relative concentration of 58.69%, in addition to terpenoids (37.86%) and carotenoid-derived compounds (1.75%). n-dodecanal (22.61%), α-humulene (11.29%), 2,4-dimethylicosane (8.97%), 2E-hexenoic acid (8.04%), γ-nonalactone (3.51%), and limonene (3.09%) were characterized as main compounds. The extracted EO exhibited substantial allelopathic activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of the weed E. colona in a dose-dependent manner, showing IC50 values of 77.27, 60.84, and 33.80 mg L−1, respectively. In addition, the P. lapathifolia EO showed substantial antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. The EO attained IC50 values of 159.69 and 230.43 mg L−1, for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, while ascorbic acid exhibited IC50 values 47.49 and 56.68 mg L−1, respectively. The present results showed that the emergent leafy stems of aquatic plants such as P. lapathifolia have considerably low content of the EO, which exhibited substantial activities such as antioxidant and allelopathic activities. Further study is recommended to evaluate the effects of various environmental and climatic conditions on the production and composition of the EOs of P. lapathifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-562680864
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah A. Al-Rashed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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Sousa RMOF, Cunha AC, Fernandes-Ferreira M. The potential of Apiaceae species as sources of singular phytochemicals and plant-based pesticides. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112714. [PMID: 33845406 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Apiaceae Lindl. (=Umbelliferae Juss.), which includes several economical important vegetables, herbs, and spices, is one of the most numerous plant family. Umbelliferous crops (namely anise, fennel, carrot, coriander, parsley, etc.) are also valuable sources of botanical flavoring agents and fragrances. In addition, Apiaceae species yield a wide variety of distinctive specialized metabolites (i.e, volatile phenylpropanoids, furanocoumarins, sesquiterpene coumarins, polyacetylenes, and phthalides), some of them been described as uncommon natural phytochemicals exclusive of the family, which offers a great potential for bioprospection. Numerous studies have pointed out the outstanding biological activity of extracts and several classes of phytochemicals from Apiaceae species. Emphasis has been given to essential oils (EOs) and their constituents activities, most likely because this type of plant added value product benefits from a larger acceptance and application potential in integrated pest management (IPM) and integrated vector management (IVM) programs. Several species of the family offer a variety of unique compounds with great potential as biopesticidal and/or synergizing agents. Investigations covering their activity toward agricultural pests and phytopathogens have increased in the last years, nevertheless the interest remains strongly focus on arthropod species, predominantly those acting as vectors of human diseases. From our survey, it is patent the gap of knowledge concerning the potential molluscicidal properties of Apiaceae extracts/phytochemicals, as well as their herbicidal activities against invasive plant species. In this review, we propose to highlight the potential of Apiaceae species as suitable sources of bioactive phytochemicals with great relevance within the frame of plant-based pesticides R&D, and will discuss their applicability in real-world scenarios considering the recent developments regarding the design of stable formulations incorporating Apiaceae bioactive products. We expect that this review will encourage researchers to consider undervalued Apiaceae species as alternative sources of bioactive compounds and will give a contribute to the field by suggesting new research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Marie O F Sousa
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production, Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Cunha
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Biology Department & CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Fernandes-Ferreira
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production, Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; MAPPROD Lda, Rua António de Mariz, 22, 4715-279, Braga, Portugal.
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20
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Abd-ElGawad AM, Elgamal AM, EI-Amier YA, Mohamed TA, El Gendy AENG, I. Elshamy A. Chemical Composition, Allelopathic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sesquiterpenes Rich Essential Oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071294. [PMID: 34202270 PMCID: PMC8308966 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The integration of green natural chemical resources in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications allures researchers and scientistic worldwide. Cleome amblyocarpa has been reported as an important medicinal plant. However, its essential oil (EO) has not been well studied; therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the C. amblyocarpa, collected from Egypt, and assess the allelopathic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of its EO. The EO of C. amblyocarpa was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chemometric analysis of the EO composition of the present studied ecospecies and the other reported ecospecies was studied. The allelopathic activity of the EO was evaluated against the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Additionally, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were determined. Forty-eight compounds, with a prespondence of sesquiterpenes, were recorded. The major compounds were caryophyllene oxide (36.01%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.92%), alloaromadendrene epoxide (6.17%), myrtenyl acetate (5.73%), isoshyobunone (4.52%), shyobunol (4.19%), and trans-caryophyllene (3.45%). The chemometric analysis revealed inconsistency in the EO composition among various studied ecospecies, where it could be ascribed to the environmental and climatic conditions. The EO showed substantial allelopathic inhibitory activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of D. aegyptium, with IC50 values of 54.78, 57.10, and 74.07 mg L−1. Additionally, the EO showed strong antioxidant potentiality based on the IC50 values of 4.52 mg mL−1 compared to 2.11 mg mL−1 of the ascorbic acid as standard. Moreover, this oil showed significant anti-inflammation via the suppression of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX1, and COX2), along with membrane stabilization. Further study is recommended for analysis of the activity of pure authentic materials of the major compounds either singularly or in combination, as well as for evaluation of their mechanism(s) and modes of action as antioxidants or allelochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.M.A.-E.); (A.I.E.); Tel.: +00966562680864 (A.M.A.-E.); +201005525108 (A.I.E.)
| | - Abdelbaset M. Elgamal
- Department of Chemistry of Microbial and Natural Products, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Yasser A. EI-Amier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Tarik A. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.A.-E.); (A.I.E.); Tel.: +00966562680864 (A.M.A.-E.); +201005525108 (A.I.E.)
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A Study on the Phytotoxic Potential of the Seasoning Herb Marjoram ( Origanum majorana L.) Leaves. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113356. [PMID: 34199500 PMCID: PMC8199622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search of new alternatives for weed control, spices appear as an option with great potential. They are rich in bioactive natural products and edible, which might minimize toxicity hazard. Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) is an aromatic herb that has been widely employed as a seasoning herb in Mediterranean countries. Although marjoram boasts a plethora of therapeutic properties (painkiller, antibiotic, treatment for intestinal disorders, etc.), the potential for its extracts for weed control is still to be more thoroughly explored. In order to determine their phytotoxic potential, marjoram leaves were subjected to different bioguided extraction processes, using water, ethyl acetate, acetone or methanol. The most active extract (acetone) was sequentially fractionated to identify its most active compounds. This fractionation led to the isolation and identification of 25 compounds that were classified as monoterpenes, diterpenes or flavonoids. Among them, a new compound named majoradiol and several compounds are described in marjoram for the first time. The phytotoxicity of the major compounds to etiolated wheat coleoptiles was compared against that of the commercial herbicide (Logran®), with similar or higher activity in some cases. These results confirm the extraordinary potential of the extracts from this edible plant to develop safer and more environmentally friendly herbicides.
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Fayed EM, Abd-EIGawad AM, Elshamy AI, El-Halawany ESF, Ei-Amier YA. Essential Oil of Deverra tortuosa Aerial Parts: Detailed Chemical Profile, Allelopathic, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000914. [PMID: 33606911 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are a promising group of natural products of the aromatic plants due to their various biological effects such as allelopathic, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities. The present study aimed to construct the detailed chemical profile of the EO derived from Deverra tortuosa aerial parts along with assessing its allelopathic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potentialities. The EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The allelopathic activity of the EO was assessed against the germination and seedling growth of the weed Chenopodium murale. Also, the EO was tested against five microbes. The antioxidant activity was determined using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The GC/MS analysis of EO revealed the presence of 86 compounds with a preponderance of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Widdrol, β-phellandrene, piperitol, cubedol, α-terpinene, (E)-10-heptadecen-8-ynoic acid methyl ester, citronellyl tiglate, and m-cymene were the major compounds. A comparative profile was established between the EOs constituents of our study with the documented EOs of D. tortuosa and the other Deverra species around the world via agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principal components analysis (PCA). The EO showed a substantial allelopathic activity against C. murale, as well as it showed considerable antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Thereby, the EO of D. tortuosa could be considered as a promising environmental-friendly bioherbicide against weeds. Also, it could be integrated into food preservation due to its potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, further study is recommended for more characterization of the major compounds and evaluation of their activities, either singular or synergistic, and assess their efficiency and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Fayed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd-EIGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.,Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed F El-Halawany
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Ei-Amier
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhou S, Han C, Zhang C, Kuchkarova N, Wei C, Zhang C, Shao H. Allelopathic, Phytotoxic, and Insecticidal Effects of Thymus proximus Serg. Essential Oil and Its Major Constituents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:689875. [PMID: 34211492 PMCID: PMC8239391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The chemical profile of Thymus proximus essential oil (EO) and its allelopathic, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activity was evaluated. Carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were detected as the major components of the EO, representing 85.9% of the total oil. About 50 g fresh plant material of T. proximus in a 1.5-L air tight container completely inhibited the seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Poa anuua. Meanwhile, the EO exhibited potent phytotoxic activity, which resulted in 100% germination failure of both the test species when 2 mg/ml (for A. retroflexus) and 5 mg/ml (for Poa annua) oil was applied. The EO also triggered a significant insecticidal activity on Aphis gossypii with a LC50 value of 6.34 ppm. Carvacrol was identified as the main active compound responsible for both the plant suppressing effect and the insecticidal activity of the EO. Our study is the first on the allelopathic, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activity of T. proximus EO, and the determination of the responsible compound, which indicated their potential of being further explored as environment friendly biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Chenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nigora Kuchkarova
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Caixia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Chi Zhang
| | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Hua Shao
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Phytotoxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils: A Systematic Review and Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Chemometric Analyses. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010036. [PMID: 33375618 PMCID: PMC7823517 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herbicides are natural or synthetic chemicals used to control unwanted plants (weeds). To avoid the harmful effects of synthetic herbicides, considerable effort has been devoted to finding alternative products derived from natural sources. Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants are auspicious source of bioherbicides. This review discusses phytotoxic EOs and their chemical compositions as reported from 1972 to 2020. Using chemometric analysis, we attempt to build a structure-activity relationship between phytotoxicity and EO chemical composition. Data analysis reveals that oxygenated terpenes, and mono- and sesquiterpenes, in particular, play principal roles in the phytotoxicity of EOs. Pinene, 1,8 cineole, linalool, and carvacrol are the most effective monoterpenes, with significant phytotoxicity evident in the EOs of many plants. Caryophyllene and its derivatives, including germacrene, spathulenol, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, are the most effective sesquiterpenes. EOs rich in iridoids (non-terpene compounds) also exhibit allelopathic activity. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of these compounds in pure forms, determine their activity in the field, evaluate their safety, and assess their modes of action.
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Verdeguer M, Sánchez-Moreiras AM, Araniti F. Phytotoxic Effects and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils and Terpenoids. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111571. [PMID: 33202993 PMCID: PMC7697004 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Weeds are one of the major constraints in crop production affecting both yield and quality. The excessive and exclusive use of synthetic herbicides for their management is increasing the development of herbicide-resistant weeds and is provoking risks for the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new herbicides with multitarget-site activity, new modes of action and low impact on the environment and health are badly needed. The study of plant–plant interactions through the release of secondary metabolites could be a starting point for the identification of new molecules with herbicidal activity. Essential oils (EOs) and their components, mainly terpenoids, as pure natural compounds or in mixtures, because of their structural diversity and strong phytotoxic activity, could be good candidates for the development of new bioherbicides or could serve as a basis for the development of new natural-like low impact synthetic herbicides. EOs and terpenoids have been largely studied for their phytotoxicity and several evidences on their modes of action have been highlighted in the last decades through the use of integrated approaches. The review is focused on the knowledge concerning the phytotoxicity of these molecules, their putative target, as well as their potential mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Verdeguer
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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Al-Rowaily SL, Abd-ElGawad AM, Assaeed AM, Elgamal AM, Gendy AENGE, Mohamed TA, Dar BA, Mohamed TK, Elshamy AI. Essential Oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative Chemical Profiles, Antimicrobial Activity, and Allelopathic Potential on Weeds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215203. [PMID: 33182287 PMCID: PMC7664932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are considered green resources for thousands of bioactive compounds. Essential oils (EOs) are an important class of secondary compounds with various biological activities, including allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. Herein, the present study aimed to compare the chemical profiles of the EOs of the widely distributed medicinal plant Calotropis procera collected from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. In addition, this study also aimed to assess their allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. The EOs from Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed via GC-MS. The correlation between the analyzed EOs and those published from Egypt, India, and Nigeria was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The allelopathic activity of the extracted EOs was tested against two weeds (Bidens pilosa and Dactyloctenium aegyptium). Moreover, the EOs were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and two fungal strains. Ninety compounds were identified from both ecospecies, where 76 compounds were recorded in Saudi ecospecies and 33 in the Egyptian one. Terpenes were recorded as the main components along with hydrocarbons, aromatics, and carotenoids. The sesquiterpenes (54.07%) were the most abundant component of EO of the Saudi sample, while the diterpenes (44.82%) represented the mains of the Egyptian one. Hinesol (13.50%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (12.33%), 1,4-trans-1,7-cis-acorenone (7.62%), phytol (8.73%), and myristicin (6.13%) were found as the major constituents of EO of the Saudi sample, while phytol (38.02%), n-docosane (6.86%), linoleic acid (6.36%), n-pentacosane (6.31%), and bicyclogermacrene (4.37%) represented the main compounds of the Egyptian one. It was evident that the EOs of both ecospecies had potent phytotoxic activity against the two tested weeds, while the EO of the Egyptian ecospecies was more effective, particularly on the weed D. aegyptium. Moreover, the EOs showed substantial antibacterial and antifungal activities. The present study revealed that the EOs of Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were different in quality and quantity, which could be attributed to the variant environmental and climatic conditions. The EOs of both ecospecies showed significant allelopathic and antimicrobial activity; therefore, these EOs could be considered as potential green eco-friendly resources for weed and microbe control, considering that this plant is widely grown in arid habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud L. Al-Rowaily
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.L.A.-R.); (A.M.A.); (B.A.D.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.L.A.-R.); (A.M.A.); (B.A.D.)
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.M.A.-E.); (A.I.E.); Tel.: +966-562680864 (A.M.A.-E.); +20-1005525108 (A.I.E.)
| | - Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.L.A.-R.); (A.M.A.); (B.A.D.)
| | - Abdelbaset M. Elgamal
- Department of Chemistry of Microbial and Natural Products, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Tarik A. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Basharat A. Dar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.L.A.-R.); (A.M.A.); (B.A.D.)
| | - Tahia K. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.M.A.-E.); (A.I.E.); Tel.: +966-562680864 (A.M.A.-E.); +20-1005525108 (A.I.E.)
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Kubica P, Szopa A, Dominiak J, Luczkiewicz M, Ekiert H. Verbena officinalis (Common Vervain) - A Review on the Investigations of This Medicinally Important Plant Species. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1241-1257. [PMID: 32937665 DOI: 10.1055/a-1232-5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Verbena officinalis (common vervain) is a medicinal plant species widely distributed in the world and commonly used in folk medicine of different countries, including traditional Chinese medicine. Monographs on "Verbenae herba" have been included in the European Pharmacopoeia since 2008, and in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1995. This work presents botanical characteristics of this species. It reviews the current knowledge of its chemical composition, which is a rich source mostly of iridoids, phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oil. A large part of this article summarizes traditional medicinal uses and professional pharmacological in vitro and in vivo studies that prove new important applications, e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective anticancer, analgesic, or anticonvulsant of verbena herb extracts and individual metabolites. Moreover, emphasis is put on the use of V. officinalis in the food and cosmetics industries, especially due to its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the presence of essential oil with an attractive fragrance composition. This paper also presents the state of biotechnological studies of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kubica
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Dominiak
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Kozuharova E, Benbassat N, Berkov S, Ionkova I. Ailanthus altissima and Amorpha fruticosa – invasive arboreal alien plants as cheap sources of valuable essential oils. PHARMACIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The high tolerance of various habitat conditions and potent propagation ability of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae) and Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) promote their aggressive invasive behaviour. Additionally, they not only over-compete the local vegetation but suppress the seed development. In the newly invaded habitats they might not have suitable herbivores to control their populations. The aim of this review is to evaluate the potential of A. altissima and A. fruticosa, as cheap sources of valuable essential oils. The essential oils yield and compostion of both plant species vary significantly depending on plant parts, origin and time of collection. The main constituents of A. altissima essential oil are α-curcumene, α-gurjunene, γ-cadinene, α-humulene β-caryophyllene caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D etc. The main constituents of A. fruticosa are δ-cadinene, γ-cadinene, β-caryophyllene γ-muurolene +, ar-curcumene, myrcene etc. These essential oils have been reported to possess different activities such as antimicrobial, insect repellent, insecticidal and herbicidal activity. Due to the fact that these are aggressive invasive species, they can provide abundant and cheap resources. Additionally, future industrial exploitation of the biomass of these invasive plants for essential oils’ extraction might contribute to biodiversity conservation by relieving their destructive impact on the natural habitats.
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Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060716. [PMID: 32512751 PMCID: PMC7356946 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been described as promising eco-friendly secondary products of aromatic plants with several biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and explore phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus EOs extracted using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods. Twenty-seven and twenty-eight compounds were identified from HD and MAE extracted EOs of T. polium, respectively. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes (57.68%) were characterized as the main components of the hydrodistilled EO with a prominence of 6-epi-shyobunol (33.00%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.48%) were the main components of the MAE method, with a prominence of delta-cadinene (25.13%). Eighteen and nineteen compounds, were characterized in T. decussatus EOs extracted using HD and MAE methods, respectively, and oxygenated monoterpenes represented the main components of both EOs with carvacrol (94.40% and 75.91%, respectively) as the main compound. The EOs extracted using the MAE method were slightly more phytotoxic than those extracted using the HD method. The T. decussatus EO extracted using the MAE method showed a higher inhibitory effect than T. polium by 16-, 32-, and 24-fold, regarding seed germination, shoot, and root growth of lettuce, respectively. Moreover, EOs extracted by HD method showed a similar pattern with 16-, 28-, and 14-fold effects. Both T. decussatus EOs exhibited potent inhibitory effect against all tested bacteria with an inhibition zone of 34–39 mm and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.49, 0.98, and 1.95 μg/mL against Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. However, the EOs of T. polium showed weak antibacterial activity and no antifungal effect. Further studies are needed for the characterization of bioactive major compounds, either singular or synergistic, at field scale and to determine their modes of action and safety.
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Caputo L, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Cornara L, Trevena G, Valussi M, Fratianni F, De Feo V, Nazzaro F. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Leptospermum petersonii and Eucalyptus gunnii. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:409. [PMID: 32351456 PMCID: PMC7174609 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytotoxic properties of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from leaves of Leptospermum petersonii chemotype "Variety B" and Eucalyptus gunnii, native to Australia. Geranyl acetate, γ-terpinene, geraniol, terpinolene, α-pinene, p-cimene, and linalool were the main components in L. petersonii EO, confirming also the existence of several chemotypes in such taxa; on the other hand, 1,8-cineole, trans-sabinene hydrate acetate, globulol, longicyclene, terpinolene, and camphene were present in major amounts in the E. gunnii EO. Chemical analysis of L. petersonii revealed that it belongs to the variety "B." E. gunnii EO showed good antibacterial activity, with an MIC of 0.5 and 2 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, and Pectobacterium carotovorum, respectively. The activity of E. gunnii EO was stronger than L. petersonii EO, whose maximum MIC reached 5 μg/mL. E. gunnii and L. petersonii EOs were particularly effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation by S. aureus, already at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL. The other strains were resistant to both EOs up to a dose of 0.05 μg/mL. The maximum inhibition on biofilm formed by P. carotovorum was recorded for E. gunnii EO, reaching a value of 93.12% at 1.0 μg/mL. This is the first manuscript which studies the biofilm inhibition by EOs and evaluates their effects on biofilm metabolism. Both EOs were more effective against P. carotovorum. In addition, even though L. petersonii EO 0.1 μg/mL was unable to inhibit biofilm formation by Escherichia coli, it decreased the metabolic activity of the biofilm to 78.55% compared to control; furthermore, despite it inducing a relatively low inhibition (66.67%) on biofilm formation, it markedly affected metabolic activity, which decreased to 16.09% with respect to the control. On the contrary, L. petersonii EO 0.5 μg/mL induced a 79.88% inhibition of S. aureus biofilm, maintaining a high metabolic activity (90.89%) compared to the control. Moreover, this EO showed inhibitory activity against radical elongation of Solanum lycopersicum and the germination of radish. On the contrary, E. gunnii EO showed no phytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, School of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Greg Trevena
- Essentially Australia, Byron Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Valussi
- European Herbal and Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR-ISA, Italian National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR-ISA, Italian National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
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Raveau R, Fontaine J, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A. Essential Oils as Potential Alternative Biocontrol Products against Plant Pathogens and Weeds: A Review. Foods 2020; 9:E365. [PMID: 32245234 PMCID: PMC7143296 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally produced by aromatic plants, essential oils (EO) contain a wide range of volatile molecules, including mostly secondary metabolites, which possess several biological activities. Essential oils properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are known for a long time and hence widely used in traditional medicines, cosmetics and food industries. However, despite their effects against many phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria as well as weeds, their use in agriculture remains surprisingly scarce. The purpose of the present review is to gather and discuss up-to-date biological activities of EO against weeds, plant pathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, reported in the scientific literature. Innovative methods, potentially valuable to improve the efficiency and reliability of EO, have been investigated. In particular, their use towards a more sustainable agriculture has been discussed, aiming at encouraging the use of alternative products to substitute synthetic pesticides to control weeds and plant diseases, without significantly affecting crop yields. An overview of the market and the recent advances on the regulation of these products as well as future challenges to promote their development and wider use in disease management programs is described. Because of several recent reviews on EO insecticidal properties, this topic is not covered in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, UR 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais cedex, France; (R.R.); (J.F.)
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Wang J, Dong H, Zhang H, Dai S, Jiang J, Zhao Z. Isopropyl Cresols: Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical UtilizationKey and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF Nanjing 210042 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF Beijing 100091 P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical UtilizationKey and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF Nanjing 210042 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical UtilizationKey and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF Nanjing 210042 P. R. China
| | - Songlin Dai
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical UtilizationKey and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF Nanjing 210042 P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical UtilizationKey and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF Nanjing 210042 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical UtilizationKey and Open Lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF Nanjing 210042 P. R. China
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF Beijing 100091 P. R. China
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Gruľová D, Caputo L, Elshafie HS, Baranová B, De Martino L, Sedlák V, Gogaľová Z, Poráčová J, Camele I, De Feo V. Thymol Chemotype Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil as a Potential Selective Bio-Based Herbicide on Monocot Plant Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030595. [PMID: 32013272 PMCID: PMC7037002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for new bio-based herbicides is crucial for decreasing chemical pollution, protecting the environment, and sustaining biodiversity. Origanum vulgare is considered a promising source of essential oil with herbicidal effect. The mode of action is not known. The present study focused on (1) comparison of phytotoxic activity of Origanum vulgare EO on monocot (Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare) and dicot species (Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba); (2) and evaluating other antimicrobial biological activities against phytopatogen bacteria (Clavibacter michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Pseudomonas savastanoi, and Xanthomonas campestris); antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum, and Botrytis cinerea; cytotoxic activity and antioxidant activity. According to the GC/MS analyses, the EO belongs to the thymol chemotype O. vulgare with its high content of thymol (76%). Germination of all four species was not influenced by EO. The phytotoxic effect was statistically significant in the monocot species, while in the dicot species the opposite was observed-a stimulation effect, which was also statistically significant. Strong biological activity of O. vulgare EO was noted on all phytopatogen bacteria and fungi in the highest dose. Cytotoxic activity showed an IC50 = 50.5 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity showed an IC50 = 106.6 μg/mL after 45 min experimental time. Based on the presented results, it is possible to conclude that thymol chemotype O. vulgare essential oil could be potentially used as a herbicide with selective effects on monocot plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gruľová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-948-030-412
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (I.C.)
| | - Beáta Baranová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia;
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Vincent Sedlák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (V.S.); (Z.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Zuzana Gogaľová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (V.S.); (Z.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Janka Poráčová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 08001 Prešov, Slovakia; (V.S.); (Z.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (I.C.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
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Rienth M, Crovadore J, Ghaffari S, Lefort F. Oregano essential oil vapour prevents Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine (Vitis Vinifera) and primes plant immunity mechanisms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222854. [PMID: 31560730 PMCID: PMC6764689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of synthetic fungicides in agriculture is necessary to guarantee a sustainable production that protects the environment and consumers' health. Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola is the major pathogen in viticulture worldwide and responsible for up to 60% of pesticide treatments. Alternatives to reduce fungicides are thus utterly needed to ensure sustainable vineyard-ecosystems, consumer health and public acceptance. Essential oils (EOs) are amongst the most promising natural plant protection alternatives and have shown their antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties on several agricultural crops. However, the efficiency of EOs highly depends on timing, application method and the molecular interactions between the host, the pathogen and EO. Despite proven EO efficiency, the underlying processes are still not understood and remain a black box. The objectives of the present study were: a) to evaluate whether a continuous fumigation of a particular EO can control downy mildew in order to circumvent the drawbacks of direct application, b) to decipher molecular mechanisms that could be triggered in the host and the pathogen by EO application and c) to try to differentiate whether essential oils directly repress the oomycete or act as plant resistance primers. To achieve this a custom-made climatic chamber was constructed that enabled a continuous fumigation of potted vines with different EOs during long-term experiments. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv Chasselas was chosen in reason of its high susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. Grapevine cuttings were infected with P. viticola and subsequently exposed to continuous fumigation of different EOs at different concentrations, during 2 application time spans (24 hours and 10 days). Experiments were stopped when infection symptoms were clearly observed on the leaves of the control plants. Plant physiology (photosynthesis and growth rate parameters) were recorded and leaves were sampled at different time points for subsequent RNA extraction and transcriptomics analysis. Strikingly, the Oregano vulgare EO vapour treatment during 24h post-infection proved to be sufficient to reduce downy mildew development by 95%. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of 24h and 10d treatments and used for whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq). Sequenced reads were then mapped onto the V. vinifera and P. viticola genomes. Less than 1% of reads could be mapped onto the P. viticola genome from treated samples, whereas up to 30% reads from the controls mapped onto the P. viticola genome, thereby confirming the visual observation of P. viticola absence in the treated plants. On average, 80% of reads could be mapped onto the V. vinifera genome for differential expression analysis, which yielded 4800 modulated genes. Transcriptomic data clearly showed that the treatment triggered the plant's innate immune system with genes involved in salicylic, jasmonic acid and ethylene synthesis and signaling, activating Pathogenesis-Related-proteins as well as phytoalexin synthesis. These results elucidate EO-host-pathogen interactions for the first time and indicate that the antifungal efficiency of EO is mainly due to the triggering of resistance pathways inside the host plants. This is of major importance for the production and research on biopesticides, plant stimulation products and for resistance-breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rienth
- Changins, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Julien Crovadore
- Plants and Pathogens Group, Institute Land Nature and Environment, Hepia, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Jussy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sana Ghaffari
- Changins, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - François Lefort
- Plants and Pathogens Group, Institute Land Nature and Environment, Hepia, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Jussy, Geneva, Switzerland
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35
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Characterization and Phytotoxicity Assessment of Essential Oils from Plant Byproducts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162941. [PMID: 31416129 PMCID: PMC6721104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the chemical characterization and the phytotoxicity assessment of essential oils (EOs) obtained from spent materials or pruning waste of four plant species: Zingiber officinale Roscoe used in the juicing industry, Pistacia vera L. var. Bronte used in the food industry, discarded material of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. Futura 75), and pruning waste from Cupressus sempervirens L. The phytochemical profile of the EOs was evaluated by gas chromatographic flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and GC-MS analyses, which highlighted the presence of several compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Among them, application possibilities in agriculture were evaluated by studying the phytotoxic activity in vitro against germination and initial radical growth of several seeds such as Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., Lactuca sativa L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., and Portulaca oleracea L.
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Ibáñez MD, Blázquez MA. Phytotoxic Effects of Commercial Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils on Weeds, Crops, and Invasive Species. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152847. [PMID: 31387317 PMCID: PMC6695791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: essential oils are well known for their pharmacological effectiveness as well as their repellent, insecticide, and herbicide activities. The emergence of resistant weeds, due to the overuse of synthetic herbicides, makes it necessary to find natural alternatives for weed control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandulaangustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris, three common commercial essential oils, on weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli), food crops (tomato and cucumber), and the invasive species Nicotiana glauca. Methods: to determine herbicidal effects, essential oils were tested at different concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). The index of germination and seedling length data were recorded over 14 days. Results: the in vitro assays showed that L. angustifolia with linalool (38.7 ± 0.1%), 1,8-cineole (26.5 ± 0.1%), and camphor (14.2 ± 0.1%) as the main compounds showed the most phytotoxic effects affecting seed germination in weeds and tomato, and the aforementioned invasive species. L. multiflorum was the most sensitive weed, particularly to lavender essential oil, which decreased the growth of its hypocotyl and radicle by 87.8% and 76.7%, respectively, at a dose of 1 µL/mL. Cucumber was the most resistant food crop, with no significant reduction observed in seed germination and hypocotyl growth with E. citriodora and L. angustifolia essential oils. Conclusions: lavender essential oil represents a promising candidate for the development of effective and safe herbicides in the management of L. multiflorum affecting cucumber crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Ibáñez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València. Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - María Amparo Blázquez
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València. Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
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Della Pepa T, Elshafie HS, Capasso R, De Feo V, Camele I, Nazzaro F, Scognamiglio MR, Caputo L. Antimicrobial and Phytotoxic Activity of Origanum heracleoticum and O. majorana Essential Oils Growing in Cilento (Southern Italy). Molecules 2019; 24:E2576. [PMID: 31315175 PMCID: PMC6680421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in a potential use of essential oils (EOs) as a replacement for traditional pesticides and herbicides. The aims of this study were to: (i) Identify the chemical composition of the two EOs derived from Origanum heracleoticum L. and O. majorana L., (ii) evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of the EOs against some postharvest phytopathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Monilinia fructicola), (iii) evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium, Clavibacter michiganensis, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, (iv) evaluate the effect of both studied EOs on the spore germination percentage and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against M. fructicola, and (v) study the possible phytotoxicity of the two EOs and their major constituents, carvacrol for O. heracleoticum and terpinen-4-ol for O. majorana, against tha germination and initial radicle growth of radish, lettuce, garden cress and tomato. The two EOs demonstrated promising in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal activities against all tested microorganisms. EOs showed high inhibition of spore germination percentage at the minimal inhibitory concentration of 500 and 2000 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, both germination and radical elongation of selected plant species were sensitive to the oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Della Pepa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Hazem S Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, CNR-ISA, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Scognamiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Nile AS, Kwon YD, Nile SH. Horticultural oils: possible alternatives to chemical pesticides and insecticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21127-21139. [PMID: 31144182 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The farmers and agrochemical industries lack science-based knowledge about sustainable utilization of pesticides and insecticides. The investigation on rising use of chemical pesticides and insecticides has remarkable issue related to environment pollution, soil fertility, and human health; as such, nowadays, many people prefer natural alternatives over synthetic chemicals. Natural products, like horticultural oils, play a significant role for sustainable and safe integrated pest management, providing natural alternatives to chemical pesticides and insecticides. For several decades, both plant- and petroleum-based spray oils have been always used to control various pests, mites, and insects. Currently, these horticultural oils are used as a part of the integrated pest management, which utilizes secure and non-chemical pesticides rather than conventional pesticides. Horticultural oil refers to a complex mixture of hydro-carbons with traces of sulfur- and nitrogen-based compounds, extracted from plants. The key components of horticultural oils include paraffin and olefin. The horticultural oils are considered suitable since they are non-toxic to both plants and animals, are applied easily, have low risk properties, cost-effective, and play significant role in pest control, but show little effects on the beneficial insects. As a result, these attributes make horticultural oils to be considered as secure and effective alternative for chemical insecticides and pesticides for both commercial and domestic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Shivraj Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Deuk Kwon
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Sumalan RM, Alexa E, Popescu I, Negrea M, Radulov I, Obistioiu D, Cocan I. Exploring Ecological Alternatives for Crop Protection Using Coriandrum sativum Essential Oil. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112040. [PMID: 31142010 PMCID: PMC6600608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are a natural source of active compounds with antifungal, antimycotoxigenic, and herbicidal potential, and have been successfully used in organic agriculture, instead of chemical compounds obtained by synthesis, due to their high bioactivity and the absence of toxicity. The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of Coriandrum sativum essential oil (CEO) as a potential source of bioactive constituents and its applications as an antifungal and bioherbicidal agent. The CEO was obtained by steam distillation of coriander seeds and GC-MS technique was used to determine the chemical composition. Furthermore, in vitro tests were used to determine the antifungal potential of CEO on Fusarium graminearum mycelia growth through poisoned food technique, resulting in the minimum fungistatic (MCFs) and fungicidal concentrations (MCFg). The antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effect of CEO was studied on artificially contaminated wheat seeds with F. graminearum spores. Additionally, the herbicidal potential of CEO was studied by fumigating monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed seeds, which are problematic in agricultural field crops in Romania. The in vitro studies showed the antifungal potential of CEO, with a minimum concentration for a fungistatic effect of 0.4% and the minimum fungicidal concentration of 0.6%, respectively. An increase in the antifungal effects was observed in the in vivo experiment with F. graminearum, where a mixture of CEO with Satureja hortensis essential oil (SEO) was used. This increase is attributed to the synergistic effect of both EOs. Moreover, the synthesis of deoxynivalenol (DON)-type mycotoxins was found to be less inhibited. Hence, CEO has shown an herbicidal potential on weed seeds by affecting inhibition of germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Maria Sumalan
- Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Iuliana Popescu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Monica Negrea
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Diana Obistioiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Platform, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Ileana Cocan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
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Sharma A, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Chemical profiling, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of foliar volatiles of Hyptis suaveolens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:863-870. [PMID: 30665103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the essential oil (EO) of Hyptis suaveolens has been explored for the first time for its phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities. The phytotoxic activity was assessed against rice (Oryza sativa) and its major troublesome weed, Echinochloa crus-galli, under laboratory and screenhouse conditions. GC-MS analysis revealed EO to be monoterpenoid (~ 79% monoterpenes) in nature with α-phellandrene (22.8%), α-pinene (10.1%) and limonene (8.5%) as the major chemical constituents. The laboratory bioassay showed a complete growth inhibitory effect of EO (≥ 2 mg mL-1) towards the germination and seedling growth of E. crus-galli. However, the inhibitory effect on rice was much less (~40% inhibition). EO caused visible injury, reduction in chlorophyll content, cell viability and ultimately led to complete wilting of E. crus-galli plants. In addition, EO altered the cell division in the meristematic cells of Allium cepa as depicted by ~63% decrease in mitotic index. EO exposure induced several aberrations at chromosomal (c-mitosis, anaphase bridges, chromosomal breakage, vagrant chromosomes, and sticky chromosomes) and cytological level (cytoplasm destruction, peripheral nuclei, and bi-nucleate cells). The present study concludes that H. suaveolens EO possesses phytotoxic activity due to its mito-depressive activity, and could serve as a natural herbicide under sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, India
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41
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Grul'ová D, Pl'uchtová M, Fejér J, De Martino L, Caputo L, Sedlák V, De Feo V. Influence of six essential oils on invasive Solidago canadensis L. seed germination. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:3231-3233. [PMID: 30689411 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1552694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solidago canadensis L. (SC) (Canadian goldenrod) is a dangerous plant invader in Europe, which suppress the indigenous flora. Essential oils (EOs) are considered biological control agents. GC-MS analysis for identification of main components was conducted and the potential phytotoxicity of six EOs were also evaluated. Limonene and β-thujone were dominant components in Salvia officinalis L., menthone and menthol in Mentha × piperita L., carvacrol in Origanum vulgare L., estragole/anisole and anethole in Foeniculum vulgare Mill., limonene and carvone in Anethum graveolens L., and anethole in Pimpinella anisum L. Along with EOs, anethole, anisole, camphor, carvone, estragole, limonene, menthol, menthone, thujone and thymol were used independently to evaluate phytotoxic effect against Canadian goldenrod seed germination. A significant inhibitory effect was registered for origanum (1.250 µg.ml-1). The influence of single components was significant. The highest phytotoxic activity was registered with anethole and estragole. Phenolic compounds were the inhibitoriest, followed by oxygenated and hydrocarbon monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grul'ová
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Universityof Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Pl'uchtová
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Universityof Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Fejér
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Universityof Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincent Sedlák
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Universityof Prešov, Prešov, Slovak Republic
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Araniti F, Landi M, Lupini A, Sunseri F, Guidi L, Abenavoli MR. Origanum vulgare essential oils inhibit glutamate and aspartate metabolism altering the photorespiratory pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:297-309. [PMID: 30343221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been extensively studied as valuable eco-friendly compounds with herbicidal activity for weed management. Phytotoxic potential of EOs, extracted from a wild population of Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart, has been here evaluated on plant model Arabidopsis, through a physiological and metabolomic approach. The EOs composition was mainly characterized by monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with a strong abundance of two monoterpenic phenols, namely carvacrol and thymol, and the monoterpene o-cymene. The in vitro bioassay confirmed a strong phytotoxic effect of EOs on Arabidopsis rosettes, showing by both a strong growth reduction and highly chlorotic leaves. In well-developed seedlings, EOs firstly caused growth reduction and leaf chlorosis, together with a series of interconnected metabolic alterations: i) impairing the nitrogen assimilation into amino acids, which affects in particular the glutamine metabolism; and as consequence ii) excessive accumulation of toxic ammonia into the leaves, associated with oxidative stress and damage; iii) declining the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, connected to the reduced CO2 fixation and photooxidation protection; iv) impairing the photorespiratory pathway. Overall, the results highlights that EOs alters principally the ability of Arabidopsis seedlings to incorporate inorganic nitrogen into amino acids, principally glutamine, leading to a dramatic accumulation of ammonia in leaf cells. This primary effect induces, in turn, a cascade of reactions that limits the efficiency of PSII, inducing oxidative stress and finally causing a strong plant growth reduction, leaf necrosis and eventually plant death. These findings suggest that O. vulgare EOs might be proficiently exploited as a potential bioherbicide in an ecofriendly agriculture. Moreover, its multitarget activity could be advantageous in limiting weed resistance phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Araniti
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124, Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy.
| | - M Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lupini
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124, Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
| | - F Sunseri
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124, Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
| | - L Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M R Abenavoli
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124, Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy
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Foronda A, Ehlers BK, Alados CL, Pueyo Y. Species-specific interference exerted by the shrub Cistus clusii Dunal in a semi-arid Mediterranean gypsum plant community. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:49. [PMID: 30497452 PMCID: PMC6267893 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gypsovag shrub Cistus clusii is locally dominant in semi-arid gypsum plant communities of North-Eastern Spain. This species commonly grows in species-poor patches even though it has nurse potential, suggesting interference on neighbouring species. Other Cistus species exert a chemically mediated interference on plant communities, suggesting that it might be a common phenomenon in this genus. This study aimed investigating whether C. clusii exerts chemically mediated interference on neighbouring species in gypsum plant communities. We tested in a greenhouse whether aqueous extracts from C. clusii leaves (L), roots (R) and a mixture of both (RL) affected germination, seedling survival, and growth of nine native species of gypsum communities, including C. clusii itself. We further assessed in the field richness and abundance of plants under the canopy of C. clusii compared to Gypsophila struthium (shrub with a similar architecture having a nurse role) and in open patches. Finally, we specifically assessed in the field the influence of C. clusii on the presence of the species tested in the greenhouse experiment. Results Aqueous extracts from C. clusii (R and RL) negatively affected either germination or survival in four of nine species. In the field, richness and abundance of plants were lower under the canopy of C. clusii than under G. struthium, but higher than in open patches. Specifically, five of nine species were less frequent than expected under the canopy of C. clusii. Conclusions Cistus clusii shows species-specific interference with neighbouring species in the community, which may be at least partially attributable to its phytotoxic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of species-specific interference by C. clusii. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0204-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Foronda
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, CSIC, Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain.
| | - Bodil K Ehlers
- Institut for Bioscience, Aarhus Universitet, Veljsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Concepción L Alados
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, CSIC, Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, CSIC, Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50059, Saragossa, Spain
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Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040079. [PMID: 30248993 PMCID: PMC6313844 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.
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El Ayeb-Zakhama A, Sakka-Rouis L, Flamini G, Ben Jannet H, Harzallah-Skhiri F. Chemical Composition and Allelopathic Potential of Essential Oils from Citharexylum spinosum L. Grown in Tunisia. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 27685082 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Citharexylum spinosum L. (Verbenaceae) also known as Citharexylum quadrangulare Jacq. or Citharexylum fruticosum L. is an exotic tree introduced many years ago in Tunisia, specially used as a street and park ornamental tree. Essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation of the different parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits; drupes) collected from trees grown in the area of Monastir (Tunisia). In total, 84 compounds, representing 90.1 - 98.4% of the whole oil composition, were identified by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The root EO was distinguished by its high content in monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-phellandrene; 30.8%) whereas that obtained from stems was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (cuparene; 16.4%). The leaf oil was rich in an apocarotenoid derivative (hexahydrofarnesylacetone; 26%) and an aliphatic hydrocarbon (nonadecane; 14.5%). Flowers oil was rich in esters (2-phenylethyl benzoate; 33.5%). Finally, drupes oil was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (β-eudesmol; 33.1%). Flowers oil showed a significant phytotoxic effect against lettuce seeds germination, it induces a total inhibition when tested at 1 mg/ml. Root and shoot elongation seemed to be more affected than germination. The inhibition of the shoot length varied from 3.6% to 100% and that of the root from 16.1% to 100%. The highest inhibition of 100% was detected for flower oil tested at 1 mg/ml. Our in vitro studies suggest a possible and new alternative use of C. spinosum EOs in herbicidal formulations, further experiments involving field conditions are necessary to confirm its herbicidal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma El Ayeb-Zakhama
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Sakka-Rouis
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, IT-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri
- Laboratory of Genetics Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bio-resources (LR11ES41), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Efremov AA, Zykova ID, Gorbachev AE. Composition of the essential oil from the lemon balm growing in the neighborhood of Krasnoyarsk as indicated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016070049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grul'ová D, De Martino L, Mancini E, Tkáčiková L, Šalamon I, Fejer J, De Feo V. Phytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of New Peppermint Cultivar. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new menthol cultivar of Mentha x piperita L. bred in East Slovakia was evaluated for the biological activity of its essential oils (EOs). The content and composition of the EO components changed during plant development and the different effects of samples collected each month (April - September) within the growing season were noted. EOs are considered to be an important source of potential allelochemicals. Changes in EO composition influenced phytotoxic activity. Stimulation and inhibition of seed germination and root elongation occurred with different EO concentrations. The four tested bacterial strains presented different resistance to the samples collected in different growing periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grul'ová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17 November St, 08116, Prešov, Slovak Republic
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084, Fisciano, (Salerno), Italy
| | - Emilia Mancini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084, Fisciano, (Salerno), Italy
| | - L'udmila Tkáčiková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Šalamon
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17 November St, 08116, Prešov, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Fejer
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17 November St, 08116, Prešov, Slovak Republic
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084, Fisciano, (Salerno), Italy
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Elshafie HS, Sakr S, Mang SM, Belviso S, De Feo V, Camele I. Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Three Essential Oils Extracted from Mediterranean Aromatic Plants. J Med Food 2016; 19:1096-1103. [PMID: 27792456 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in essential oils (EOs) as possible alternatives for traditional chemical pesticides. This study was carried out to characterize the chemical composition of the three EOs extracted from Verbena officinalis, Majorana hortensis, and Salvia officinalis using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to evaluate in vitro their efficacy against some phyto or human pathogens. The antifungal activity was investigated against Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea in comparison with Azoxystrobin as a large spectrum fungicide. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mojavensis, and Clavibacter michiganensis (G+ve) and Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas savastanoi, and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola (G-ve) compared to a synthetic antibiotic tetracycline. Minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated against the above tested fungi using 96-well microplate method. Results showed that the chemical structure of the three studied EOs was mainly composed of monoterpene compounds and all oils belong to the chemotype carvacrol/thymol. Results of GC analysis identified 64 compounds, which were identified based on their mass to charge ratio. Furthermore, the different concentrations of studied EOs inhibited the growth of tested microorganism in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem S Elshafie
- 1 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy
| | - Shimaa Sakr
- 1 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefania M Mang
- 1 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy
| | - Sandra Belviso
- 2 Department of Science, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- 3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno , Fisciano Salerno, Italy
| | - Ippolito Camele
- 1 School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata , Potenza, Italy
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Dhifi W, Bellili S, Jazi S, Bahloul N, Mnif W. Essential Oils' Chemical Characterization and Investigation of Some Biological Activities: A Critical Review. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 3:E25. [PMID: 28930135 PMCID: PMC5456241 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This review covers literature data summarizing, on one hand, the chemistry of essential oils and, on the other hand, their most important activities. Essential oils, which are complex mixtures of volatile compounds particularly abundant in aromatic plants, are mainly composed of terpenes biogenerated by the mevalonate pathway. These volatile molecules include monoterpenes (hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpens), and also sesquiterpenes (hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpens). Furthermore, they contain phenolic compounds, which are derived via the shikimate pathway. Thanks to their chemical composition, essential oils possess numerous biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, etc…) of great interest in food and cosmetic industries, as well as in the human health field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal Dhifi
- UR Ecophysiologie Environnementale et Procédés Agroalimentaires, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sidi Thabet, BiotechPole de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia.
| | - Sana Bellili
- LR11-ES31 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources (BVBGR), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia.
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna-Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Carthage 7021, Tunisia.
| | - Sabrine Jazi
- LR11-ES31 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources (BVBGR), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia.
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna-Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Carthage 7021, Tunisia.
| | - Nada Bahloul
- LR11-ES31 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources (BVBGR), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia.
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna-Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Carthage 7021, Tunisia.
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna-Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Carthage 7021, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, PO BOX 60 Balgarn, University of Bisha, Sabt Al Alaya 61985, Saudi Arabia.
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50
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Akour A, Kasabri V, Afifi FU, Bulatova N. The use of medicinal herbs in gynecological and pregnancy-related disorders by Jordanian women: a review of folkloric practice vs. evidence-based pharmacology. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1901-1918. [PMID: 26911517 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1113994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context National statistical reports in Jordan indicate a decrease in the total fertility rate along with a parallel increase in contraceptive use. The folkloric use of medicinal herbs in gynecological disorders has been growing in Jordan, despite of deficient reports on the evidence-based safety and efficacy of these practices. Objective The aim of this comprehensive article is to review medicinal plants with claimed ethnonpharmacological usage in various gynecological and pregnancy-related issues in Jordan, and to assess their evidence-based pharmacological studies as well as their phytochemistry. Methods The published literature was surveyed using Google Scholar entering the terms "ethnopharmacology AND Jordan AND infertility AND gynecology OR gestation". We included ethnopharmacological surveys in Jordan with available full-text. Results Twelve articles were reviewed. Plant species which are commonly used for female gynecological issues such as Artemisia monosperma Del. and A. herba-alba Asso. (Asteraceae) have been found to exert an antifertility effect. Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) and Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) had antifertility effects in male rats, but Nigella sativa oil L. (Ranunculaceae) and Cinnamon zeylanicum J. Presl (Lauraceae) were found to enhance it. Conclusion Using plants for gynecological disorders is a common practice in Jordan. Many of them, whether utilised for gynecological or non-gynecological conditions equally, were found to have detrimental effects on female or male fertility. Thus, couples planning pregnancy should be discouraged from the consumption of these herbs. Further local studies are warranted to confirm the appreciable beneficial pharmacological effects and safety of these plants.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ethnopharmacology
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Female
- Fertility/drug effects
- Folklore
- Genital Diseases, Female/drug therapy
- Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology
- Humans
- Infertility, Female/chemically induced
- Infertility, Female/epidemiology
- Infertility, Female/physiopathology
- Infertility, Male/chemically induced
- Infertility, Male/epidemiology
- Infertility, Male/physiopathology
- Jordan/epidemiology
- Male
- Medicine, Traditional
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Preparations/adverse effects
- Plant Preparations/therapeutic use
- Plants, Medicinal
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy
- Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Akour
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Violet Kasabri
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Fatma U Afifi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Nailya Bulatova
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
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