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Chassé M, Pees A, Lindberg A, Liang SH, Vasdev N. Spirocyclic Iodonium Ylides for Fluorine-18 Radiolabeling of Non-Activated Arenes: From Concept to Clinical Research. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300072. [PMID: 37183954 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging tool for drug discovery, clinical diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression. Fluorine-18 is the most common radionuclide used for PET, but advances in radiotracer development have been limited by the historical lack of methodologies and precursors amenable to radiolabeling with fluorine-18. Radiolabeling of electron-rich (hetero)aromatic rings remains a long-standing challenge in the production of PET radiopharmaceuticals. In this personal account, we discuss the history of spirocyclic iodonium ylide precursors, from inception to applications in clinical research, for the incorporation of fluorine-18 into complex non-activated (hetero)aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Chassé
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anna Pees
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anton Lindberg
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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2
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Evaluation of Rhenium and Technetium-99m Complexes Bearing Quinazoline Derivatives as Potential EGFR Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041786. [PMID: 36838773 PMCID: PMC9960821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Τhe Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) 6-amino-4-[(3-bromophenyl) amino]quinazoline was derivatized with 6-bromohexanoyl-chloride and coupled with the tridentate chelating agents N-(2-pyridylmethyl) aminoethyl acetic acid (PAMA) and L(+)-cysteine bearing the donor atom set NNO and SNO, respectively. The rhenium precursors ReBr(CO)5 and fac-[NEt4]2[ReBr3(CO)3] were used for the preparation of the Re complexes fac-[Re(NNO)(CO)3] (5a) and fac-[Re(SNO)(CO)3] (7a) which were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies. Subsequently, the new potential EGFR inhibitors were labeled with the fac-[99mTc(CO)3]+ core in high yield and radiochemical purity (>90%) by ligand exchange reaction using the fac-[99mTc][Tc(OH2)3(CO)3]+ precursor. The radiolabeled complexes were characterized by comparative HPLC analysis with the analogous rhenium (Re) complexes as references. In vitro studies in the A431 cell lines showed that both ligands and Re complexes inhibit A431 cell growth. Complex 5a demonstrated the highest potency (IC50 = 8.85 ± 2.62 μM) and was further assessed for its capacity to inhibit EGFR autophosphorylation, presenting an IC50 value of 26.11 nM. Biodistribution studies of the 99mTc complexes in healthy mice showed high in vivo stability for both complexes and fast blood and soft tissue clearance with excretion occurring via the hepatobiliary system.
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3
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Sidorenko GV, Miroslavov AE, Tyupina MY. Technetium(I) carbonyl complexes for nuclear medicine: Coordination-chemical aspect. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Jain A, Kumar A, Vasumathy R, Subramanian S, Sarma HD, Satpati D. Preparation of radiolabeled erlotinib analogues and analysis of the effect of linkers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128995. [PMID: 36152732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib is a first generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) which was granted Food and Drug administration (FDA) approval for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. The present study aimed at development of radiolabeled erlotinib variants as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Three DOTA-erlotinib conjugates were prepared for radiolabeling with 177Lu. The terminal alkyne group of erlotinib was modified by performing Cu-catalyzed click chemistry and three different linkers were introduced which were then conjugated to the chelator, DOTA. The DOTA-erlotinib conjugates were characterized by 1H NMR and ESI-MS. 177Lu-DOTA-erlotinib complexes were characterized using natLu-DOTA-erlotinib conjugates. The 177Lu-complexes exhibited high in vitro stability in human serum up to 48 h. They were highly hydrophilic in nature as observed from their log Po/w values (177Lu-DOTA-propyl-Er: -2.5 ± 0.1; 177Lu-DOTA-PEG3-Er: -3.0 ± 0.1; 177Lu-DOTA-PEG6-Er: -3.3 ± 0.1). The MTT assay in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines indicates that the chemical modification at the terminal alkyne group of the erlotinib molecule does not have significant effect on its TKI property. Biodistribution studies in normal Swiss mice demonstrated fast clearance and excretion of 177Lu-labeled erlotinib complexes. These studies indicate that erlotinib variants with hydrophobic pharmacokinetic modifiers/chelators may enhance the retention of 177Lu-labeled complexes in blood thereby increasing the probability to reach EGFR-expressing tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jain
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - R Vasumathy
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Suresh Subramanian
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - H D Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Lengacher R, Wang Y, Braband H, Blacque O, Gasser G, Alberto R. Organometallic small molecule kinase inhibitors - direct incorporation of Re and 99mTc into Opaganib®. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13349-13352. [PMID: 34817478 PMCID: PMC8658909 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
[(η5-Cp)ReI(CO)3] was incorporated into the kinase inhibitor Opaganib®. The resulting bioorganometallic complex showed a similar anti-cancer activity to Opaganib® against PC-3 cancer cells. The IC50 value for the kinase SK2 is 30x higher than that of Opaganib®. The 99mTc homologue was synthesized, completing a matched-pair for molecular theranostics. Replacing an adamantyl unit in the protein kinase inhibitor Opaganib® with an integrated [(η5-Cp)M(CO)3] (M = Re, 99mTc) unit retains the lead's bioactivity and yields a true matched-pair pharmacomimetic.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youchao Wang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Henrik Braband
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Blacque
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Roger Alberto
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Bolcaen J, Nair S, Driver CHS, Boshomane TMG, Ebenhan T, Vandevoorde C. Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway Inhibitors for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:626. [PMID: 34209513 PMCID: PMC8308832 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains the most fatal brain tumor characterized by a high infiltration rate and treatment resistance. Overexpression and/or mutation of receptor tyrosine kinases is common in GB, which subsequently leads to the activation of many downstream pathways that have a critical impact on tumor progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been investigated to improve the dismal prognosis of GB in an effort to evolve into a personalized targeted therapy strategy with a better treatment outcome. Numerous RTKIs have been approved in the clinic and several radiopharmaceuticals are part of (pre)clinical trials as a non-invasive method to identify patients who could benefit from RTKI. The latter opens up the scope for theranostic applications. In this review, the present status of RTKIs for the treatment, nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of GB is presented. The focus will be on seven tyrosine kinase receptors, based on their central role in GB: EGFR, VEGFR, MET, PDGFR, FGFR, Eph receptor and IGF1R. Finally, by way of analyzing structural and physiological characteristics of the TKIs with promising clinical trial results, four small molecule RTKIs were selected based on their potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Cathryn H. S. Driver
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Brits 0240, South Africa;
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
| | - Tebatso M. G. Boshomane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Department of Science and Technology, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
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7
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The Role of VEGF Receptors as Molecular Target in Nuclear Medicine for Cancer Diagnosis and Combination Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051072. [PMID: 33802353 PMCID: PMC7959315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The rapid development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods of the cancer treatment causes that these diseases are becoming better known and the fight against them is more and more effective. Substantial contribution in this development has nuclear medicine that enables very early cancer diagnosis and early start of the so-called targeted therapy. This therapeutic concept compared to the currently used chemotherapy, causes much fewer undesirable side effects, due to targeting a specific lesion in the body. This review article discusses the possible applications of radionuclide-labelled tracers (peptides, antibodies or synthetic organic molecules) that can visualise cancer cells through pathological blood vessel system in close tumour microenvironment. Hence, at a very early step of oncological disease, targeted therapy can involve in tumour formation and growth. Abstract One approach to anticancer treatment is targeted anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT) based on prevention of blood vessel formation around the developing cancer cells. It is known that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) play a pivotal role in angiogenesis process; hence, application of angiogenesis inhibitors can be an effective approach in anticancer combination therapeutic strategies. Currently, several types of molecules have been utilised in targeted VEGF/VEGFR anticancer therapy, including human VEGF ligands themselves and their derivatives, anti-VEGF or anti-VEGFR monoclonal antibodies, VEGF binding peptides and small molecular inhibitors of VEGFR tyrosine kinases. These molecules labelled with diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides can become, respectively, diagnostic or therapeutic receptor radiopharmaceuticals. In targeted anti-angiogenic therapy, diagnostic radioagents play a unique role, allowing the determination of the emerging tumour, to monitor the course of treatment, to predict the treatment outcomes and, first of all, to refer patients for AAT. This review provides an overview of design, synthesis and study of radiolabelled VEGF/VEGFR targeting and imaging agents to date. Additionally, we will briefly discuss their physicochemical properties and possible application in combination targeted radionuclide tumour therapy.
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Varlow C, Mossine AV, Bernard-Gauthier V, Scott PJH, Vasdev N. Radiofluorination of oxazole-carboxamides for preclinical PET neuroimaging of GSK-3. J Fluor Chem 2021; 245. [PMID: 33840834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is an enzyme that is dysregulated in oncology neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and several mental health illnesses. As such, GSK-3 is a long-sought after target for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and therapeutic intervention. Herein, we report on the development and radiofluorination of two oxazole-4-carboxamides, including one bearing a non-activated aromatic ring. Both compounds demonstrated excellent selectivity in a kinase screen and inhibit GSK-3 with high affinity. [18F]OCM-49 was synthesized from [18F]fluoride using a copper-mediated reaction of an aryl boronic acid precursor, while [18F]OCM-50 used a trimethylammonium triflate precursor, and both radiotracers were translated for preclinical PET imaging in rodents. Due to superior radiochemical yields and brain uptake (peak standardized uptake value of ~2.0), [18F]OCM-50 was further evaluated in non-human primate and also showed good brain uptake and rapid clearance. Further studies to consider clinical translation of both radiotracers are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassis Varlow
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
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9
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Pretze M, Neuber C, Kinski E, Belter B, Köckerling M, Caflisch A, Steinbach J, Pietzsch J, Mamat C. Synthesis, radiolabelling and initial biological characterisation of 18F-labelled xanthine derivatives for PET imaging of Eph receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3104-3116. [PMID: 32253415 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, particularly EphA2 and EphB4, represent promising candidates for molecular imaging due to their essential role in cancer progression and therapy resistance. Xanthine derivatives were identified to be potent Eph receptor inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range (1-40 nm). These compounds occupy the hydrophobic pocket of the ATP-binding site in the kinase domain. Based on lead compound 1, we designed two fluorine-18-labelled receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors ([18F]2/3) as potential tracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Docking into the ATP-binding site allowed us to find the best position for radiolabelling. The replacement of the methyl group at the uracil residue ([18F]3) rather than the methyl group of the phenoxy moiety ([18F]2) by a fluoropropyl group was predicted to preserve the affinity of the lead compound 1. Herein, we point out a synthesis route to [18F]2 and [18F]3 and the respective tosylate precursors as well as a labelling procedure to insert fluorine-18. After radiolabelling, both radiotracers were obtained in approximately 5% radiochemical yield with high radiochemical purity (>98%) and a molar activity of >10 GBq μmol-1. In line with the docking studies, first cell experiments revealed specific, time-dependent binding and uptake of [18F]3 to EphA2 and EphB4-overexpressing A375 human melanoma cells, whereas [18F]2 did not accumulate at these cells. Since both tracers [18F]3 and [18F]2 are stable in rat blood, the novel radiotracers might be suitable for in vivo molecular imaging of Eph receptors with PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pretze
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. and Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Elisa Kinski
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Birgit Belter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Martin Köckerling
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie - Anorganische Festkörperchemie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. and Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. and Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. and Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Ahmadpour S, Hosseinimehr SJ. Recent developments in peptide-based SPECT radiopharmaceuticals for breast tumor targeting. Life Sci 2019; 239:116870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Si Z, Hu P, Zhou J, Lin Q, Xiu Y, Cheng D. Evaluation of EGFR-TK Expression with a 99mTc-Labeled Complex Bearing Quinazoline Pharmacophore. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:551-558. [PMID: 31436470 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Si
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
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12
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Dietz RM, Cruz-Torres I, Orfila JE, Patsos OP, Shimizu K, Chalmers N, Deng G, Tiemeier E, Quillinan N, Herson PS. Reversal of Global Ischemia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Delayed Inhibition of TRPM2 Ion Channels. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:254-266. [PMID: 31250378 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal injury and cognitive impairments are common after cardiac arrest and stroke and do not have an effective intervention despite much effort. Therefore, we developed a new approach aimed at reversing synaptic dysfunction by targeting TRPM2 channels. Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) in mice was used to investigate cognitive deficits and the role of the calcium-permeable ion channel transient receptor potential-M2 (TRPM2) in ischemia-induced synaptic dysfunction. Our data indicates that absence (TRPM2-/-) or acute inhibition of TRPM2 channels with tatM2NX reduced hippocampal cell death in males only, but prevented synaptic plasticity deficits in both sexes. Remarkably, administration of tatM2NX weeks after injury reversed hippocampal plasticity and memory deficits. Finally, TRPM2-dependent activation of calcineurin-GSK3β pathway contributes to synaptic plasticity impairments. These data suggest persistent TRPM2 activity following ischemia contributes to impairments of the surviving hippocampal network and that inhibition of TRPM2 channels at chronic time points may represent a novel strategy to improve functional recovery following cerebral ischemia that is independent of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivelisse Cruz-Torres
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James E Orfila
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olivia P Patsos
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Chalmers
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Guiying Deng
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erika Tiemeier
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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13
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Collier TL, Maresca KP, Normandin MD, Richardson P, McCarthy TJ, Liang SH, Waterhouse RN, Vasdev N. Brain Penetration of the ROS1/ALK Inhibitor Lorlatinib Confirmed by PET. Mol Imaging 2018; 16:1536012117736669. [PMID: 29067878 PMCID: PMC5661750 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117736669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Massachusetts General Hospital Radiochemistry Program, in collaboration with Pfizer, has developed unique 11C and 18F-labeling strategies to synthesize isotopologs of lorlatinib (PF-06463922) which is undergoing phase III clinical trial investigations for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancers with specific molecular alterations. A major goal in cancer therapeutics is to measure the concentrations of this drug in the brain metastases of patients with lung cancer, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier is important for optimal therapeutic outcomes. Our recent publication in Nature Communications employed radiolabeled lorlatinib and positron emission tomography (PET) studies in preclinical models including nonhuman primates (NHPs) that demonstrated high brain permeability of this compound. Our future work with radiolabeled lorlatinib will include advanced PET evaluations in rodent tumor models and normal NHPs with the goal of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lee Collier
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Advion, Inc, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kevin P Maresca
- 3 Clinical and Translational Imaging, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc D Normandin
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Timothy J McCarthy
- 3 Clinical and Translational Imaging, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rikki N Waterhouse
- 3 Clinical and Translational Imaging, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.,5 Waterhouse Imaging and Biomarker Consultants, Chester, NH, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- 1 Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Fiedler L, Kellner M, Oos R, Böning G, Ziegler S, Bartenstein P, Zeidler R, Gildehaus FJ, Lindner S. Fully Automated Production and Characterization of 64 Cu and Proof-of-Principle Small-Animal PET Imaging Using 64 Cu-Labelled CA XII Targeting 6A10 Fab. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1230-1237. [PMID: 29667369 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
64 Cu is a cyclotron-produced radionuclide which offers, thanks to its characteristic decay scheme, the possibility of combining positron emission tomography (PET) investigations with radiotherapy. We evaluated the Alceo system from Comecer SpA to automatically produce 64 Cu for radiolabelling purposes. We established a 64 Cu production routine with high yields and radionuclide purity in combination with excellent operator radiation protection. The carbonic anhydrase XII targeting 6A10 antibody Fab fragment was successfully radiolabelled with the produced 64 Cu, and proof-of-principle small-animal PET experiments on mice bearing glioma xenografts were performed. We obtained a high tumor-to-contralateral muscle ratio, which encourages further in vivo investigations of the radioconjugate regarding a possible application in diagnostic tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Fiedler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kellner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Group Gene Vectors, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosel Oos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Böning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Group Gene Vectors, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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15
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Narayanaswami V, Dahl K, Bernard-Gauthier V, Josephson L, Cumming P, Vasdev N. Emerging PET Radiotracers and Targets for Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Outlook Beyond TSPO. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012118792317. [PMID: 30203712 PMCID: PMC6134492 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118792317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and multicellular processes of neuroinflammation are mediated by the nonneuronal cells of the central nervous system, which include astrocytes and the brain's resident macrophages, microglia. Although initiation of an inflammatory response may be beneficial in response to injury of the nervous system, chronic or maladaptive neuroinflammation can have harmful outcomes in many neurological diseases. An acute neuroinflammatory response is protective when activated neuroglia facilitate tissue repair by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors. On the other hand, chronic neuroglial activation is a major pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases, likely contributing to neuronal dysfunction, injury, and disease progression. Therefore, the development of specific and sensitive probes for positron emission tomography (PET) studies of neuroinflammation is attracting immense scientific and clinical interest. An early phase of this research emphasized PET studies of the prototypical imaging biomarker of glial activation, translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO), which presents difficulties for quantitation and lacks absolute cellular specificity. Many alternate molecular targets present themselves for PET imaging of neuroinflammation in vivo, including enzymes, intracellular signaling molecules as well as ionotropic, G-protein coupled, and immunoglobulin receptors. We now review the lead structures in radiotracer development for PET studies of neuroinflammation targets for neurodegenerative diseases extending beyond TSPO, including glycogen synthase kinase 3, monoamine oxidase-B, reactive oxygen species, imidazoline-2 binding sites, cyclooxygenase, the phospholipase A2/arachidonic acid pathway, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1, cannabinoid-2 receptor, the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, purinergic receptors: P2X7 and P2Y12, the receptor for advanced glycation end products, Mer tyrosine kinase, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1. We provide a brief overview of the cellular expression and function of these targets, noting their selectivity for astrocytes and/or microglia, and highlight the classes of PET radiotracers that have been investigated in early-stage preclinical or clinical research studies of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Narayanaswami
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Malik N, Gifford AN, Sandell J, Tuchman D, Ding YS. Synthesis and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of [ 3H]LRRK2-IN-1 as a Novel Radioligand for LRRK2. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:837-845. [PMID: 28289968 PMCID: PMC5597475 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) has recently been proven to be a promising drug target for Parkinson's disease (PD) due to an apparent enhanced activity caused by mutations associated with familial PD. To date, there have been no reports in which a LRRK2 inhibitor has been radiolabeled and used for in in vitro or in vivo studies of LRRK2. In the present study, we radiolabeled the LRRK2 ligand, LRRK-IN-1, for the purposes of performing in vitro (IC50, K d , B max, autoradiography) and in vivo (biodistribution, and blocking experiments) evaluations in rodents and human striatum tissues. PROCEDURES [3H]LRRK2-IN-1 was prepared with high radiochemical purity (>99 %) and a specific activity of 41 Ci/mmol via tritium/hydrogen (T/H) exchange using Crabtree's catalyst. For IC50, K d , and B max determination, LRRK2-IN-1 was used as a competing drug for nonspecific binding assessment. The specific binding of the tracer was further evaluated via an in vivo blocking study in mice with a potent LRRK2 inhibitor, Pf-06447475. RESULTS In vitro binding studies demonstrated a saturable binding site for [3H]LRRK2-IN-1 in rat kidney, rat brain striatum and human brain striatum with K d of 26 ± 3 and 43 ± 8, 48 ± 2 nM, respectively. In rat, the density of LRRK2 binding sites (B max) was higher in kidney (6.4 ± 0.04 pmol/mg) than in brain (2.5 ± 0.03 pmol/mg), however, in human brain striatum, the B max was 0.73 ± 0.01 pmol/mg protein. Autoradiography imaging in striatum of rat and human brain tissues gave results consistent with binding studies. In in vivo biodistribution and blocking studies in mice, co-administration with Pf-06447475 (10 mg/kg) reduced the uptake of [3H]LRRK2-IN-1 (%ID/g) by 50-60% in the kidney or brain. CONCLUSION The high LRRK2 brain density observed in our study suggests the feasibility for positron emission tomography imaging of LRRK2 (a potential target) with radioligands of higher affinity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noeen Malik
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Tuchman
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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17
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Molecular imaging in drug development: Update and challenges for radiolabeled antibodies and nanotechnology. Methods 2017; 130:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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18
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68 Ga labeled Erlotinib: A novel PET probe for imaging EGFR over-expressing tumors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4552-4557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Synthesis and preliminary PET imaging of 11C and 18F isotopologues of the ROS1/ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15761. [PMID: 28594000 PMCID: PMC5472746 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) is a next-generation small-molecule inhibitor of the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), which has a kinase domain that is physiologically related to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and is undergoing Phase I/II clinical trial investigations for non-small cell lung cancers. An early goal is to measure the concentrations of this drug in brain tumour lesions of lung cancer patients, as penetration of the blood–brain barrier is important for optimal therapeutic outcomes. Here we prepare both 11C- and 18F-isotopologues of lorlatinib to determine the biodistribution and whole-body dosimetry assessments by positron emission tomography (PET). Non-traditional radiolabelling strategies are employed to enable an automated multistep 11C-labelling process and an iodonium ylide-based radiofluorination. Carbon-11-labelled lorlatinib is routinely prepared with good radiochemical yields and shows reasonable tumour uptake in rodents. PET imaging in non-human primates confirms that this radiotracer has high brain permeability. Lorlatinib—a ROS1/ALK inhibitor—is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers. Here the authors develop synthetic routes to 11C- and 18F-labelled lorlatinib, with subsequent PET imaging showing good blood brain barrier permeability in non-human primates.
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20
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Abdellatif KRA, Abdelall EKA, Abdelgawad MA, Amin DME, Omar HA. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new 4-(4-substituted-anilino)quinoline derivatives as anticancer agents. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Liang SH, Chen JM, Normandin MD, Chang JS, Chang GC, Taylor CK, Trapa P, Plummer MS, Para KS, Conn EL, Lopresti‐Morrow L, Lanyon LF, Cook JM, Richter KEG, Nolan CE, Schachter JB, Janat F, Che Y, Shanmugasundaram V, Lefker BA, Enerson BE, Livni E, Wang L, Guehl NJ, Patnaik D, Wagner FF, Perlis R, Holson EB, Haggarty SJ, El Fakhri G, Kurumbail RG, Vasdev N. Discovery of a Highly Selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3 Inhibitor (PF‐04802367) That Modulates Tau Phosphorylation in the Brain: Translation for PET Neuroimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Liang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jinshan Michael Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Marc D. Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jeanne S. Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - George C. Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Christine K. Taylor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Patrick Trapa
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development 610 Main Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Mark S. Plummer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Kimberly S. Para
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Edward L. Conn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Lori Lopresti‐Morrow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Lorraine F. Lanyon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - James M. Cook
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Karl E. G. Richter
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Charlie E. Nolan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Joel B. Schachter
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Fouad Janat
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Ye Che
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | | | - Bruce A. Lefker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development 610 Main Street Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Bradley E. Enerson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Elijahu Livni
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Nicolas J. Guehl
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 185 Cambridge Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Florence F. Wagner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute 415 Main Street Cambridge MA o2142 USA
| | - Roy Perlis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute 415 Main Street Cambridge MA o2142 USA
- Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 185 Cambridge Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Edward B. Holson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute 415 Main Street Cambridge MA o2142 USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School 185 Cambridge Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Ravi G. Kurumbail
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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22
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Liang SH, Chen JM, Normandin MD, Chang JS, Chang GC, Taylor CK, Trapa P, Plummer MS, Para KS, Conn EL, Lopresti-Morrow L, Lanyon LF, Cook JM, Richter KEG, Nolan CE, Schachter JB, Janat F, Che Y, Shanmugasundaram V, Lefker BA, Enerson BE, Livni E, Wang L, Guehl NJ, Patnaik D, Wagner FF, Perlis R, Holson EB, Haggarty SJ, El Fakhri G, Kurumbail RG, Vasdev N. Discovery of a Highly Selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitor (PF-04802367) That Modulates Tau Phosphorylation in the Brain: Translation for PET Neuroimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9601-5. [PMID: 27355874 PMCID: PMC4983481 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) regulates multiple cellular processes in diabetes, oncology, and neurology. N-(3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl)-5-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)oxazole-4-carboxamide (PF-04802367 or PF-367) has been identified as a highly potent inhibitor, which is among the most selective antagonists of GSK-3 to date. Its efficacy was demonstrated in modulation of tau phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Whereas the kinetics of PF-367 binding in brain tissues are too fast for an effective therapeutic agent, the pharmacokinetic profile of PF-367 is ideal for discovery of radiopharmaceuticals for GSK-3 in the central nervous system. A (11) C-isotopologue of PF-367 was synthesized and preliminary PET imaging studies in non-human primates confirmed that we have overcome the two major obstacles for imaging GSK-3, namely, reasonable brain permeability and displaceable binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Liang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jinshan Michael Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Marc D Normandin
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jeanne S Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - George C Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Christine K Taylor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Patrick Trapa
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark S Plummer
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Kimberly S Para
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Edward L Conn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Lori Lopresti-Morrow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Lorraine F Lanyon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - James M Cook
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Karl E G Richter
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Charlie E Nolan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Joel B Schachter
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Fouad Janat
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Ye Che
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Veerabahu Shanmugasundaram
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Bruce A Lefker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bradley E Enerson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Elijahu Livni
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nicolas J Guehl
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Florence F Wagner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, o2142, USA
| | - Roy Perlis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, o2142, USA
- Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Edward B Holson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, o2142, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ravi G Kurumbail
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Pandey MK, DeGrado TR. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3)-Targeted Therapy and Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:571-93. [PMID: 26941849 PMCID: PMC4775866 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is associated with various key biological processes, including glucose regulation, apoptosis, protein synthesis, cell signaling, cellular transport, gene transcription, proliferation, and intracellular communication. Accordingly, GSK-3 has been implicated in a wide variety of diseases and specifically targeted for both therapeutic and imaging applications by a large number of academic laboratories and pharmaceutical companies. Here, we review the structure, function, expression levels, and ligand-binding properties of GSK-3 and its connection to various diseases. A selected list of highly potent GSK-3 inhibitors, with IC50 <20 nM for adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive inhibitors and IC50 <5 μM for non-ATP-competitive inhibitors, were analyzed for structure activity relationships. Furthermore, ubiquitous expression of GSK-3 and its possible impact on therapy and imaging are also highlighted. Finally, a rational perspective and possible route to selective and effective GSK-3 inhibitors is discussed.
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Recent Advances in the Development and Application of Radiolabeled Kinase Inhibitors for PET Imaging. Molecules 2015; 20:22000-27. [PMID: 26690113 PMCID: PMC6332294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, intensive investigation and multiple clinical successes targeting protein kinases, mostly for cancer treatment, have identified small molecule kinase inhibitors as a prominent therapeutic class. In the course of those investigations, radiolabeled kinase inhibitors for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have been synthesized and evaluated as diagnostic imaging probes for cancer characterization. Given that inhibitor coverage of the kinome is continuously expanding, in vivo PET imaging will likely find increasing applications for therapy monitoring and receptor density studies both in- and outside of oncological conditions. Early investigated radiolabeled inhibitors, which are mostly based on clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) isotopologues, have now entered clinical trials. Novel radioligands for cancer and PET neuroimaging originating from novel but relevant target kinases are currently being explored in preclinical studies. This article reviews the literature involving radiotracer design, radiochemistry approaches, biological tracer evaluation and nuclear imaging results of radiolabeled kinase inhibitors for PET reported between 2010 and mid-2015. Aspects regarding the usefulness of pursuing selective vs. promiscuous inhibitor scaffolds and the inherent challenges associated with intracellular enzyme imaging will be discussed.
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25
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Mancini DT, Sen K, Barbatti M, Thiel W, Ramalho TC. Excited-State Proton Transfer Can Tune the Color of Protein Fluorescent Markers. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3444-9. [PMID: 26333875 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We show by quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations that phenylbenzothiazoles undergoing an excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) can be used to probe protein binding sites. For 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-aminophenyl)benzothiazole (HABT) bound to a tyrosine kinase, the absolute and relative intensities of the fluorescence bands arising from the enol and keto forms are found to be strongly dependent on the active-site conformation. The emission properties are tuned by hydrogen-bonding interactions of HABT with the neighboring amino acid T766 and with active-site water. The use of ESPT tuners opens the possibility of creating two-color fluorescent markers for protein binding sites, with potential applications in the detection of mutations in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana T Mancini
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kakali Sen
- Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supeŕieur, UMR ENS-CNRS-UPMC 8640, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abstract
The logic of total synthesis transformed a stagnant state of medicinal and synthetic organic chemistry when there was a paucity of methods and reagents to synthesize drug molecules and/or natural products. Molecular imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) is now experiencing a renaissance in the way radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging are synthesized, however, a paradigm shift is desperately needed in the discovery pipeline to accelerate in vivo imaging studies. A significant challenge in radiochemistry is the limited choice of labeled reagents (or building blocks) available for the synthesis of novel radiopharmaceuticals with the most commonly used short-lived radionuclides carbon-11 (11C; half-life ~20 minutes) and fluorine-18 (18F; half-life ~2 hours). In fact, most drugs cannot be labeled with 11C or 18F due to a lack of efficient and diverse radiosynthetic methods. In general, routine radiopharmaceutical production relies on the incorporation of the isotope at the last or penultimate step of synthesis, ideally within one half-life of the radionuclide, to maximize radiochemical yields and specific activities thereby reducing losses due to radioactive decay. Reliance on radiochemistry conducted within the constraints of an automated synthesis unit ("box") has stifled the exploration of multi-step reactions with short-lived radionuclides. Radiopharmaceutical synthesis can be transformed by considering logic of total synthesis to develop novel approaches for 11C- and 18F-radiolabeling complex molecules via retrosynthetic analysis and multi-step reactions. As a result of such exploration, new methods, reagents and radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo imaging studies are discovered. A new avenue to develop radiotracers that were previously unattainable due to the lack of efficient radiosynthetic methods is necessary to work towards our ultimate, albeit impossible goal - the concept we term total radiosynthesis - to radiolabel virtually any molecule. As with the vast majority of drugs, most radiotracers also fail, therefore expeditious evaluation of tracers in preclinical models prior to optimization or derivatization of the lead molecules/drugs is necessary. Furthermore the exact position of the 11C and 18F radionuclide in tracers is often critical for metabolic considerations, and flexible methodologies to introduce the radiolabel are needed. Using the principles of total synthesis our laboratory and others have shown that multi-step radiochemical reactions are indeed suitable for preclinical and even clinical use. As the goal of total synthesis is to be concise, we have also simplified the syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals. We are presently developing new strategies via [11C]CO2 fixation which has enabled library radiosynthesis as well as labeling non-activated arenes using [18F]fluoride via iodonium ylides. Both of which have proven to be suitable for human PET imaging. We concurrently utilize state-of-the-art automation technologies including microfluidic flow chemistry and rapid purification strategies for radiopharmaceutical production. In this account we highlight how total radiosynthesis has impacted our radiochemistry program, with prominent examples from others, focusing on its impact towards preclinical and clinical research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Vectors for the delivery of radiopharmaceuticals in cancer therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:893-912. [PMID: 25337647 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal radiation using radiopharmaceuticals promises efficient cancer therapeutics. The specificity and selectivity required for screening and pinpointing tumor cells for cell-kill has been made possible by targeted ligands based on 'magic bullet' and tracer principle- theories nearing a century. Overexpression of certain receptors has been exploited using biomolecules for targeting. The pragmatic analysis, however, is not as promising compared with the theoretical knowledge of available gamut of vectors and targets. The complex interplay of in vitro and in vivo parameters, and the effect of radionuclides involve a systematic assessment of radiopharmaceuticals as diagnostic and therapeutic agent. This review presents different vectors with their pros and cons, present status and recent design variations followed by a future perspective based on novel approaches.
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5-(4-((4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)oxy)-3-methoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine: A selective dual inhibitor for potential PET imaging of Trk/CSF-1R. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4784-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li F, Jiang S, Zu Y, Lee DY, Li Z. A Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Based High-Affinity PET Radiopharmaceutical Targets Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1525-31. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.138925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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30
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Visualization of angiogenesis during cancer development in the polyoma middle T breast cancer model: molecular imaging with (R)-[11C]PAQ. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:17. [PMID: 24670127 PMCID: PMC3986910 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is a crucial mediator of tumour angiogenesis. High expression levels of the receptor have been correlated to poor prognosis in cancer patients. Reliable imaging biomarkers for stratifying patients for anti-angiogenic therapy could therefore be valuable for increasing treatment success rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and angiogenesis imaging abilities of the VEGFR2-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) tracer (R)-[11C]PAQ. Methods (R)-[11C]PAQ was evaluated in the mouse mammary tumour virus-polyoma middle T (MMTV-PyMT) model of metastatic breast cancer. Mice at different stages of disease progression were imaged with (R)-[11C]PAQ PET, and results were compared to those obtained with [18 F]FDG PET and magnetic resonance imaging. (R)-[11C]PAQ uptake levels were also compared to ex vivo immunofluorescence analysis of tumour- and angiogenesis-specific biomarkers. Additional pharmacokinetic studies were performed in rat and mouse. Results A heterogeneous uptake of (R)-[11C]PAQ was observed in the tumorous mammary glands. Ex vivo analysis confirmed the co-localization of areas with high radioactivity uptake and areas with elevated levels of VEGFR2. In some animals, a high focal uptake was observed in the lungs. The lung uptake correlated to metastatic and angiogenic activity, but not to uptake of [18 F]FDG PET. The pharmacokinetic studies revealed a limited metabolism and excretion during the 1-h scan and a distribution of radioactivity mainly to the liver, kidneys and lungs. In rat, a high uptake was additionally observed in adrenal and parathyroid glands. Conclusion The results indicate that (R)-[11C]PAQ is a promising imaging biomarker for visualization of angiogenesis, based on VEGFR2 expression, in primary tumours and during metastasis development.
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Liang SH, Collier TL, Rotstein BH, Lewis R, Steck M, Vasdev N. Rapid microfluidic flow hydrogenation for reduction or deprotection of 18F-labeled compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:8755-7. [PMID: 23948863 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45166f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have combined the benefits of both microfluidics and flow hydrogenation to provide facile access to previously underutilized reduction and protecting group chemistries for PET imaging applications. The rapid removal of an O-benzyl protecting group to prepare 2-[(18)F]fluoroquinolin-8-ol and the reduction of a nitro group in the synthesis of 4-[(18)F]fluoroaniline were achieved within 3 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA 02114.
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King MK, Pardo M, Cheng Y, Downey K, Jope RS, Beurel E. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors: Rescuers of cognitive impairments. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:1-12. [PMID: 23916593 PMCID: PMC3867580 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of cognitive processes is a devastating outcome of many diseases, injuries, and drugs affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Most often, very little can be done by available therapeutic interventions to improve cognitive functions. Here we review evidence that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) ameliorates cognitive deficits in a wide variety of animal models of CNS diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, Parkinson's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, traumatic brain injury, and others. GSK3 inhibitors also improve cognition following impairments caused by therapeutic interventions, such as cranial irradiation for brain tumors. These findings demonstrate that GSK3 inhibitors are able to ameliorate cognitive impairments caused by a diverse array of diseases, injury, and treatments. The improvements in impaired cognition instilled by administration of GSK3 inhibitors appear to involve a variety of different mechanisms, such as supporting long-term potentiation and diminishing long-term depression, promotion of neurogenesis, reduction of inflammation, and increasing a number of neuroprotective mechanisms. The potential for GSK3 inhibitors to repair cognitive deficits associated with many conditions warrants further investigation of their potential for therapeutic interventions, particularly considering the current dearth of treatments available to reduce loss of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marta Pardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yuyan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kimberlee Downey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Richard S Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Wei L, Shi J, Afari G, Bhattacharyya S. Preparation of clinical-grade (89) Zr-panitumumab as a positron emission tomography biomarker for evaluating epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:25-35. [PMID: 24448743 PMCID: PMC3982615 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Panitumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive colorectal cancer. Recently, panitumumab has been radiolabeled with (89) Zr and evaluated for its potential to be used as immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) probe for EGFR positive cancers. Interesting preclinical results published by several groups of researchers have prompted us to develop a robust procedure for producing clinical-grade (89) Zr-panitumumab as an immuno-PET probe to evaluate EGFR-targeted therapy. In this process, clinical-grade panitumumab is bio-conjugated with desferrioxamine chelate and subsequently radiolabeled with (89) Zr resulting in high radiochemical yield (>70%, n = 3) and purity (>98%, n = 3). All quality control (QC) tests were performed according to United States Pharmacopeia specifications. QC tests showed that (89) Zr-panitumumab met all specifications for human injection. Herein, we describe a step-by-step method for the facile synthesis and QC tests of (89) Zr-panitumumab for medical use. The entire process of bioconjugation, radiolabeling, and all QC tests will take about 5 h. Because the synthesis is fully manual, two rapid, in-process QC tests have been introduced to make the procedure robust and error free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- ADRD, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- ADRD, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - George Afari
- ADRD, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
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Holland JP, Liang SH, Rotstein BH, Collier TL, Stephenson NA, Greguric I, Vasdev N. Alternative approaches for PET radiotracer development in Alzheimer's disease: imaging beyond plaque. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 57:323-31. [PMID: 24327420 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias show increasing clinical prevalence, yet our understanding of the etiology and pathobiology of disease-related neurodegeneration remains limited. In this regard, noninvasive imaging with radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) presents a unique tool for quantifying spatial and temporal changes in characteristic biological markers of brain disease and for assessing potential drug efficacy. PET radiotracers targeting different protein markers are being developed to address questions pertaining to the molecular and/or genetic heterogeneity of AD and related dementias. For example, radiotracers including [(11) C]-PiB and [(18) F]-AV-45 (Florbetapir) are being used to measure the density of Aβ-plaques in AD patients and to interrogate the biological mechanisms of disease initiation and progression. Our focus is on the development of novel PET imaging agents, targeting proteins beyond Aβ-plaques, which can be used to investigate the broader mechanism of AD pathogenesis. Here, we present the chemical basis of various radiotracers which show promise in preclinical or clinical studies for use in evaluating the phenotypic or biochemical characteristics of AD. Radiotracers for PET imaging neuroinflammation, metal ion association with Aβ-plaques, tau protein, cholinergic and cannabinoid receptors, and enzymes including glycogen-synthase kinase-3β and monoamine oxidase B amongst others, and their connection to AD are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Holland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA; Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Kirrawee, New South Wales, 2232, Australia
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Pisaneschi F, Slade RL, Iddon L, George GPC, Nguyen QD, Spivey AC, Aboagye EO. Synthesis of a new fluorine-18 glycosylated 'click' cyanoquinoline for the imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 57:92-6. [PMID: 24307532 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the radiosynthesis of a new fluorine-18 glycosylated 'click' cyanoquinoline [(18) F]5 for positron emission tomography imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The tracer was obtained in 47.7 ± 7.5% (n = 3) decay-corrected radiochemical yield from 2-[(18) F]fluoro-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl azide, and the overall nondecay-corrected radiochemical yield from aqueous fluoride was 8.6 ± 2.3% (n = 3). An in vitro preliminary cellular uptake study showed selectivity of the tracer for EGFR-positive A431 cell lines versus EGFR-negative MCF-7 cell lines. [(18) F]5 tracer uptake in A431 cells was significantly reduced by addition of the cold isotope analogue compound 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pisaneschi
- Faculty of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Morais M, Paulo A, Gano L, Santos I, Correia JD. Target-specific Tc(CO)3-complexes for in vivo imaging. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Samén E, Arnberg F, Lu L, Olofsson MH, Tegnebratt T, Thorell JO, Holmin S, Stone-Elander S. Metabolism of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting Probe [11C]PD153035: Impact on Biodistribution and Tumor Uptake in Rats. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1804-11. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Caballero J, Muñoz C, Alzate-Morales JH, Cunha S, Gano L, Bergmann R, Steinbach J, Kniess T. Synthesis, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigation of 5-[11C]methoxy-substituted sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-2. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:272-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Åberg O, Långström B. Combinatorial synthesis of labelled drugs and PET tracers: synthesis of a focused library of11C-carbonyl-labelled acrylamides as potential biomarkers of EGFR expression. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Åberg
- Uppsala University; Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, BMC; Box 576; SE-751 23; Uppsala; Sweden
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Evans MJ. Measuring oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer with PET: an emerging paradigm from studies in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:985-94. [PMID: 23043150 PMCID: PMC3508522 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As parallel advances in cancer biology and drug development continue to elevate the role of targeted therapies in oncology, the need for imaging biomarkers that systematically measure the biology associated with therapeutic intervention has become more urgent. Although the molecular imaging community has a commitment to develop technologies to this end, few investigational radiotracers directly measure the biology of common oncogenic signaling pathways often addressed by targeted therapies. Visible progress has been achieved with a handful of radiotracers rationally designed to intercalate the pathobiology of prostate cancer, a molecularly heterogeneous disease nevertheless broadly defined by a fairly small repertoire of recurrent oncogenic lesions. SIGNIFICANCE That variable treatment responses or emergent resistance phenotypes are often documented in humans argues strongly for diagnostic technologies that can be realistically applied posttherapy to capture the dynamic patterns of disease response. The purpose of this review is to describe a collection of radiotracers developed to measure the pathobiology of prostate cancer for improved treatment monitoring, placing particular emphasis on the biologic rationale for their preparation. A chronologic description of radiotracer development programs is outlined, primarily to stress how an ongoing dialectic between earlier and more contemporary imaging technologies has accelerated discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Evans
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Prabhakaran J, Arango V, Majo VJ, Simpson NR, Kassir SA, Underwood MD, Polavarapu H, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Mann JJ, Kumar JSD. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of [18F](R)-FEPAQ: a potential PET ligand for VEGFR2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5104-7. [PMID: 22749281 PMCID: PMC4818572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of [(18)F](R)-N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-7-((1-(2-fluoroethyl)piperidin-3-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-amine ((R)-[(18)F]FEPAQ or [(18)F]1), a potential imaging agent for the VEGFR2, using phosphor image autoradiography are described. Synthesis of 2, the desfluoroethyl precursor for (R)-FEPAQ was achieved from t-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (3) in five steps and in 50% yield. [(18)F]1 was synthesized by reaction of sodium salt of compound 2 with [(18)F]fluoroethyl tosylate in DMSO. The yield of [(18)F]1 was 20% (EOS based on [(18)F]F(-)) with >99% radiochemical purity and specific activity of 1-2 Ci/μmol (n=10). The total synthesis time was 75 min. The radiotracer selectively labeled VEGFR2 in slide-mounted sections of human brain and higher binding was found in surgically removed human glioblastoma sections as demonstrated by in vitro phosphor imager studies. These findings suggest [(18)F]1 may be a promising radiotracer for imaging VEGFR2 in brain using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prabhakaran
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
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Hicks JW, Wilson AA, Rubie EA, Woodgett JR, Houle S, Vasdev N. Towards the preparation of radiolabeled 1-aryl-3-benzyl ureas: Radiosynthesis of [11C-carbonyl] AR-A014418 by [11C]CO2 fixation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2099-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kuchar M, Oliveira MC, Gano L, Santos I, Kniess T. Radioiodinated sunitinib as a potential radiotracer for imaging angiogenesis-radiosynthesis and first radiopharmacological evaluation of 5-[125I]Iodo-sunitinib. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2850-5. [PMID: 22444679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib® (SU11248) is a highly potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Radiolabeled inhibitors of RTKs might be useful tools for monitoring RTKs levels in tumour tissue giving valuable information for anti-angiogenic therapy. We report here the synthesis of a (125)I-labeled derivative of sunitinib® and its first radiopharmaceutical characterization. The non-radioactive reference compound 5-iodo-sunitinib 4 was prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of 5-iodo-oxindole with the corresponding substituted 5-formyl-1H-pyrrole. In a competition binding assay against VEGFR-2 a binding constant (K(d)) of 16 nM for 4 was found. The ability of 4 to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity was demonstrated on RTK expressing cells suggesting this radiotracer as a useful tool for monitoring VEGFR expression. 5-[(125)I]lodo-sunitinib, [(125)I]-4 was obtained via destannylation of the corresponding tributylstannyl precursor with [(125)I]NaI in the presence of H(2)O(2) in high radiochemical yield (>95%) and radiochemical purity (<98%) after HPLC purification. Determination of human plasma protein binding at time intervals of 0; 1; 2; 4 and 24h suggested a low non-specific binding of 5-10%. Preliminary biodistribution studies of [(125)I]-4 in healthy CD-1 mice showed a relatively high uptake in VEGFR-2 rich tissues like kidney and lung followed by rapid washout (9.6 and 9.7; 4.5 and 3.8% ID/g of kidney and lung at 1 and 4h, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Kuchar
- Institute of Radiopharmacy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, POB 510119, Dresden, Germany
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Virdee K, Cumming P, Caprioli D, Jupp B, Rominger A, Aigbirhio FI, Fryer TD, Riss PJ, Dalley JW. Applications of positron emission tomography in animal models of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1188-216. [PMID: 22342372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) provides dynamic images of the biodistribution of radioactive tracers in the brain. Through application of the principles of compartmental analysis, tracer uptake can be quantified in terms of specific physiological processes such as cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate, and the availability of receptors in brain. Whereas early PET studies in animal models of brain diseases were hampered by the limited spatial resolution of PET instruments, dedicated small-animal instruments now provide molecular images of rodent brain with resolution approaching 1mm, the theoretic limit of the method. Major applications of PET for brain research have consisted of studies of animal models of neurological disorders, notably Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury; these studies have particularly benefited from selective neurochemical lesion models (PD), and also transgenic rodent models (AD, HD). Due to their complex and uncertain pathophysiologies, corresponding models of neuropsychiatric disorders have proven more difficult to establish. Historically, there has been an emphasis on PET studies of dopamine transmission, as assessed with a range of tracers targeting dopamine synthesis, plasma membrane transporters, and receptor binding sites. However, notable recent breakthroughs in molecular imaging include the development of greatly improved tracers for subtypes of serotonin, cannabinoid, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, as well as noradrenaline transporters, amyloid-β and neuroinflammatory changes. This article reviews the considerable recent progress in preclinical PET and discusses applications relevant to a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwar Virdee
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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45
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Radiohalogenated 4-anilinoquinazoline-based EGFR-TK inhibitors as potential cancer imaging agents. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:247-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Cumming P, Vasdev N. Molecular Imaging Studies of Second Messenger Pathways: Looking Deeper than the Membrane. MOLECULAR IMAGING IN THE CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/7657_2012_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Dissoki S, Hagooly A, Elmachily S, Mishani E. Labeling approaches for the GE11 peptide, an epidermal growth factor receptor biomarker. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Dissoki
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem; 91120; Israel
| | - Aviv Hagooly
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem; 91120; Israel
| | - Smadar Elmachily
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem; 91120; Israel
| | - Eyal Mishani
- Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department; Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital; Jerusalem; 91120; Israel
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Jope RS. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the etiology and treatment of mood disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2011; 4:16. [PMID: 21886606 PMCID: PMC3152743 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mood disorders major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are prevalent, are inadequately treated, and little is known about their etiologies. A better understanding of the causes of mood disorders would benefit from improved animal models of mood disorders, which now rely on behavioral measurements. This review considers the limitations in relating measures of rodent behaviors to mood disorders, and the evidence from behavioral assessments indicating that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) dysregulation promotes mood disorders and is a potential target for treating mood disorders. The classical mood stabilizer lithium was identified by studying animal behaviors and later was discovered to be an inhibitor of GSK3. Several mood-relevant behavioral effects of lithium in rodents have been identified, and most have now been shown to be due to its inhibition of GSK3. An extensive variety of pharmacological and molecular approaches for manipulating GSK3 are discussed, the results of which strongly support the proposal that inhibition of GSK3 reduces both depression-like and manic-like behaviors. Studies in human postmortem brain and peripheral cells also have identified correlations between alterations in GSK3 and mood disorders. Evidence is reviewed that depression may be associated with impaired inhibitory control of GSK3, and mania by hyper-stimulation of GSK3. Taken together, these studies provide substantial support for the hypothesis that inhibition of GSK3 activity is therapeutic for mood disorders. Future research should identify the causes of dysregulated GSK3 in mood disorders and the actions of GSK3 that contribute to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Scott Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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Basuli F, Wu H, Li C, Shi ZD, Sulima A, Griffiths GL. A first synthesis of 18F-radiolabeled lapatinib: a potential tracer for positron emission tomographic imaging of ErbB1/ErbB2 tyrosine kinase activity. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Rockville; MD; 20850; USA
| | - Haitao Wu
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Rockville; MD; 20850; USA
| | - Changhui Li
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Rockville; MD; 20850; USA
| | - Zhen-Dan Shi
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Rockville; MD; 20850; USA
| | - Agnieszka Sulima
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Rockville; MD; 20850; USA
| | - Gary L. Griffiths
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Rockville; MD; 20850; USA
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Vasdev N, Dorff PN, O'Neil JP, Chin FT, Hanrahan S, VanBrocklin HF. Metabolic stability of 6,7-dialkoxy-4-(2-, 3- and 4-[18F]fluoroanilino)quinazolines, potential EGFR imaging probes. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2959-65. [PMID: 21478021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), upregulated in many tumor types, have been a target for therapeutic development and molecular imaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution and metabolic characteristics of fluorine-18 labeled anilinoquinazolines as potential imaging agents for EGFR tyrosine kinase expression. Fluorine-18 labeled fluoronitrobenzenes were prepared by reaction of potassium cryptand [(18)F]fluoride with 1,2- and 1,4-dinitrobenzenes, and 3-nitro-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium triflate in 5min. Decay-corrected radiochemical yields of [(18)F]fluoride incorporation into the nitro-aromatic compounds were 81±2%, 44±4% and 77±5% (n=3-5) for the 2-, 3- and 4-fluoro isomers, respectively. Sodium borohydride reduction to the corresponding [(18)F]fluoroanilines was achieved with greater than 80% conversion in 5min. Coupling of [(18)F]fluoroaniline-hydrochlorides to 6,7-dimethoxy-4-chloro-quinazoline gave the corresponding 6,7-dimethoxy-4-(2-, 3- and 4-[(18)F]fluoroanilino)quinazolines in 31±5%, 17±2% and 55±2% radiochemical yield, respectively, while coupling to the 6,7-diethoxy-4-chloro-quinazoline produced 6,7-diethoxy-4-(2-, 3- and 4-[(18)F]fluoroanilino)quinazolines in 19±6%, 9±3% and 36±6% radiochemical yield, respectively, in 90min to end of synthesis from [(18)F]fluoride. Biodistribution of 2- and 4-[(18)F]fluoroanilinoquinazolines was conducted in tumor-bearing mice (MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-468 xenografts). Low tumor uptake (<1% injected dose per gram (ID/g) of tissue up to 3h postinjection of the radiotracers) was observed. High bone uptake (5-15% ID/g) was noted with the 4-[(18)F]fluoroanilinoquinazolines. The metabolic stabilities of radiolabeled quinazolines were further evaluated by incubation with human female cryopreserved isolated hepatocytes. Rapid degeneration of the 4-fluoro-substituted compounds to baseline polar metabolites was observed by radio-TLC, whereas, the 2- and 3-[(18)F]fluoroaniline derivatives were significantly more stable, up to 2h, corroborating the in vivo biodistribution studies. para-Substituted [(18)F]fluoroanilines, a common structural motif in radiopharmaceuticals, are highly susceptible to metabolic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vasdev
- Department of Radiotracer Development and Imaging Technology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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